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Xue M, Li F, Feng S, Liu S, Gao L. A rare incidence of acute ischaemic stroke with reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion in a methamphetamine addict: Case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29425. [PMID: 38655298 PMCID: PMC11036004 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Methamphetamine is an illegal drug that poses serious public health concerns worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between methamphetamine abuse and non-lethal haemorrhagic stroke. Ischaemic stroke after methamphetamine intake is less common than haemorrhagic stroke. The present study investigated the clinical features and potential pathogenesis in a young methylamphetamine addict that presented with acute ischaemic stroke and reversible middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Methods A retrospective data analysis was performed for the young methylamphetamine addict admitted to a hospital for acute ischaemic stroke followed by a literature review to explore the possible pathogenesis. Results The patient had been receiving methamphetamine for past 2 years. His recurrent headache occurred half an hour after each consumption and was relieved within a few hours. The patient was admitted for acute ischaemic stroke. Urine toxicology screening was positive for methamphetamine. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed occlusion of the right MCA. After discontinuing medication and routine treatment, digital subtraction angiography revealed normal blood flow in the right MCA, indicating reversible MCA occlusion. Conclusion For young patients with a stroke, a thorough investigation of the history of illicit drug use and toxicological screening of urine and serum samples should be performed. Young methamphetamine users need to be aware of the elevated risk of stroke as well as early signs and symptoms. Transient headaches in young methamphetamine users may be caused by cerebral vasospasms, suggesting the possibility of future catastrophic stroke events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xue
- Neurology Department, Yellow River Sanmenxia Hospital, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Fang Li
- Neurology Department, Yellow River Sanmenxia Hospital, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Shaobin Feng
- Neurology Department, Yellow River Sanmenxia Hospital, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Shifu Liu
- Neurology Department, Yellow River Sanmenxia Hospital, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
| | - Lina Gao
- Neurology Department, Yellow River Sanmenxia Hospital, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, China
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Chmiel J, Malinowska A, Rybakowski F, Leszek J. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness in the Treatment of Methamphetamine Addiction Symptoms: Does Neuroplasticity Play a Role? Brain Sci 2024; 14:320. [PMID: 38671972 PMCID: PMC11047954 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methamphetamine is a highly stimulating psychoactive drug that causes life-threatening addictions and affects millions of people around the world. Its effects on the brain are complex and include disturbances in the neurotransmitter systems and neurotoxicity. There are several known treatment methods, but their effectiveness is moderate. It must be emphasised that no drugs have been approved for treatment. For this reason, there is an urgent need to develop new, effective, and safe treatments for methamphetamine. One of the potential treatments is mindfulness meditation. In recent years, this technique has been researched extensively in the context of many neurological and psychiatric disorders. METHODS This review explores the use of mindfulness in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction. Searches were conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Research Gate, and Cochrane databases. RESULTS Ten studies were identified that used mindfulness-based interventions in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction. The results show that mindfulness is an effective form of reducing hunger, risk of relapses, stress indicators, depression, and aggression, alone or in combination with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Mindfulness also improved the cognitive function in addicts. The included studies used only behavioural measures. The potential mechanisms of mindfulness in addiction were explained, and it was proposed that it can induce neuroplasticity, alleviating the symptoms of addiction. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from the studies suggest that mindfulness may be an effective treatment option for methamphetamine addiction, used alone or in combination with tDCS. However, further high-quality research is required to establish the role of this treatment option in this field. The use of neuroimaging and neurophysiological measures is fundamental to understand the mechanisms of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chmiel
- Institute of Neurofeedback and tDCS Poland, 70-393 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, 54-235 Wrocław, Poland
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Alasmari A, Alhejaili A, Alharbi H, Alzahrani M, Zughaibi T. Challenges and insights: Methamphetamine analysis in post-mortem putrefied human tissues in a hot climate. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101990. [PMID: 38384477 PMCID: PMC10879005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The production and distribution of methamphetamine (meth) is often associated with illegal and clandestine laboratories, posing significant challenges for law enforcement and public health efforts. Global concern is growing over meth-related fatalities, as its high potential for abuse and detrimental impact on health make it an important issue in the realm of substance abuse and addiction. This concern has notably increased in Saudi Arabia, where the hot climate adds complexity to the analysis due to challenges posed by putrefaction. There is still an urgent need to enhance the screening capabilities of many toxicology laboratories to determine the cause of death, whether it be due to drug use or natural causes. Aim This research aimed to investigate meth concentrations in post-mortem putrefied human solid tissues in a hot climate and comparing meth metabolite concentrations in cases where signs of putrefaction were observed versus those with no signs of putrefaction. The objective is to assist criminal investigations by analyzing meth and its metabolite concentrations. Methods This retrospective cohort study involved postmortem samples from human subjects during autopsies conducted between 2016 and 2022. It focused on analyzing meth and its metabolite concentrations using LC-MS/MS analysis. Data on demographics, medical history, age, location, putrefaction, and other drug use were retrieved from medical records. Results Out of the 27 reported samples of meth and its metabolite amphetamine in both putrefied and non-putrefied biological fluids and tissues, only 8 (30%) exhibited signs of putrefaction between 2016 and 2022. Despite decomposition, detectable concentrations of meth and amphetamine were sufficient to determine the cause of death and the source of amphetamines. Conclusion This study found no significant difference in concentrations between putrefied and non-putrefied cases, underscoring the importance of multiple sample testing during autopsy for accurate interpretation. Each case is unique and must be considered individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alasmari
- Special Toxicological Analysis Unit, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine DPLM, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alhejaili
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alharbi
- Poison Control and Forensic Chemistry Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 21176, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Torki Zughaibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Schutz C, Smout MF. Effects of Positive versus Negative Framing on Stigma toward Individuals Recovering from Methamphetamine Use Disorder during Randomized Brief Video Exposure. J Psychoactive Drugs 2024; 56:88-96. [PMID: 36417295 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2022.2149436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-two Australians (mean age = 30.07; 61% female) were blindly randomized to view either a video edited to depict a positive or negative presentation of individuals in recovery from methamphetamine use disorder. Participants completed the Social Distance Scale for Substance Users, Dangerousness Scale for Substance Users and Affect Scale for Substance Users before and after video exposure. Following video exposure, those exposed to the positive video portrayal reported lower desire for social distance (p < .001), lower perceptions of dangerousness (p = .011), and more favorable affective reactions (p < .001). Participants' previous level of contact with the target group did not predict baseline stigma or moderate the experimental effect. Participants' qualitative responses to the experiment were assessed via content analysis and indicated mainly positive or ambivalent attitudes, unchanged by the video; however, 18% of those receiving the positive video reported attitudes becoming more sympathetic/favorable. Findings suggest that media depictions which include people with methamphetamine use disorder displaying friendliness and recovery narratives may improve community perceptions of people recovering from methamphetamine use disorder, and conversely, unsmiling portrayals focusing on harm done to others increases desire for social distance and perceived dangerousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schutz
- Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M F Smout
- Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Rider N, Safi F, Marshall T, Jones S, Seo B, Viste D, Taplay PE, Rioux W, Ghosh SM. Investigating uses of peer-operated Virtual Overdose Monitoring Services (VOMS) beyond overdose response: a qualitative study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:809-817. [PMID: 37956211 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2271642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Virtual overdose monitoring services (VOMS) are novel technologies that allow remote monitoring of individuals while they use substances (especially those who use alone) electronically.Objectives: The authors explored key partner perspectives regarding services offered by VOMS beyond overdose response with the aim of understanding the breadth and perception of the services amongst those that use these services and are impacted by them.Methods: Forty-seven participants from six key partner groups [peers who had used VOMS (25%), peers who had not used VOMS (17%), family members of peers (11%), health professionals (21%), harm reduction sector employees (15%), and VOMS operators (15%)] underwent 20-to-60-minute semi-structured telephone interviews. Of peer and family groups, thirteen participants identified as female, eleven as male and one as non-binary, gender data was not recorded for other key partner groups. Interview guides were developed and interviews were conducted until saturation was reached across all participants. Themes and subthemes were identified and member checked with partner groups.Results: Participants indicated that uses of VOMS beyond overdose monitoring included: (1) providing mental health support and community referral; (2) methamphetamine agitation de-escalation; (3) advice on self-care and harm reduction; and (4) a sense of community and peer support. Respondents were divided on how VOMS might affect emergency services (5).Conclusions: VOMS are currently being used for purposes beyond drug poisoning prevention, including community methamphetamine psychosis de-escalation, mental health support, and community peer support. VOMS are capable of delivering a broad suite of harm reduction services and referring clients to recovery-oriented services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Rider
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Fahad Safi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tyler Marshall
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Boogyung Seo
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dylan Viste
- Three Hive Consulting, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - William Rioux
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S Monty Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Hersi M, Corace K, Hamel C, Esmaeilisaraji L, Rice D, Dryburgh N, Skidmore B, Garber G, Porath A, Willows M, MacPherson P, Sproule B, Flores-Aranda J, Dickey C, Hutton B. Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions for problematic methamphetamine use: Findings from a scoping review of the literature. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292745. [PMID: 37819931 PMCID: PMC10566716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Methamphetamine use and related harms have risen at alarming rates. While several psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions have been described in the literature, there is uncertainty regarding the best approach for the management of methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and problematic methamphetamine use (PMU). We conducted a scoping review of recent systematic reviews (SR), clinical practice guidelines (CPG), and primary controlled studies of psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments for MUD/PMU. METHODS Guided by an a priori protocol, electronic database search updates (e.g., MEDLINE, Embase) were performed in February 2022. Screening was performed following a two-stage process, leveraging artificial intelligence to increase efficiency of title and abstract screening. Studies involving individuals who use methamphetamine, including key subgroups (e.g. those with mental health comorbidities; adolescents/youths; gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men) were sought. We examined evidence related to methamphetamine use, relapse, use of other substances, risk behaviors, mental health, harms, and retention. Figures, tables and descriptive synthesis were used to present findings from the identified literature. RESULTS We identified 2 SRs, one CPG, and 54 primary studies reported in 69 publications that met our eligibility criteria. Amongst SRs, one concluded that psychostimulants had no effect on methamphetamine abstinence or treatment retention while the other reported no effect of topiramate on cravings. The CPG strongly recommended psychosocial interventions as well as self-help and family support groups for post-acute management of methamphetamine-related disorders. Amongst primary studies, many interventions were assessed by only single studies; contingency management was the therapy most commonly associated with evidence of potential effectiveness, while bupropion and modafinil were analogously the most common pharmacologic interventions. Nearly all interventions showed signs of potential benefit on at least one methamphetamine-related outcome measure. DISCUSSION This scoping review provides an overview of available interventions for the treatment of MUD/PMU. As most interventions were reported by a single study, the effectiveness of available interventions remains uncertain. Primary studies with longer durations of treatment and follow-up, larger sample sizes, and of special populations are required for conclusive recommendations of best approaches for the treatment of MUD/PMU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hersi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kim Corace
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Danielle Rice
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole Dryburgh
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Gary Garber
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Porath
- Knowledge Institute on Child and Youth Mental Health and Addictions, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Melanie Willows
- Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul MacPherson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Beth Sproule
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chandlee Dickey
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Patmisari E, McLaren H. Australian Trends in Academic Literature Concerned With Family and Domestic Violence Perpetrators: A Bibliometric Literature Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2808-2826. [PMID: 35962579 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we used a novel hybrid approach to review literature concerned with family and domestic violence (FADV) perpetrators. Our intention was to chart the research and publication activity of authors with Australian affiliation to identify homegrown evidence related to stopping the perpetration of violence. This involved systematic searching of literature from the Scopus electronic database, utilization of VOSviewer to sort keyword co-occurrences and authorship linking for 1,494 publication records over a 30-year period, and the review of 21 articles with perpetrator focus, identified from the 50 most cited publications. We found that Australians' authoring interests in FADV, over the last three decades, with perpetrator focus were predominantly concentrated on gender, rape and sexual assault, coercive control, and child abuse. In the most cited literature, six major themes were identified: perpetrator motivations, perpetrator interventions, patterns of violence, pandemic duet, perception of blame, and cyberstalking and violence. An upward curve in Australian authoring activity in the period under review aligns with societal shifts in which FADV was once considered a private issue and has now become ubiquitous in the public domain. Our findings revealed that research into perpetrators is insufficient to promote a zero-tolerance approach to FADV. Our corresponding in-depth literature review provides valuable insights surrounding perpetrator intervention programs with the goal of more effectively addressing the emerging challenge of technology-facilitated coercive control.
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Grigorian A, Martin M, Schellenberg M, Emigh B, Nahmias J, Matsushima K, Lewis M, Inaba K. Methamphetamine use associated with gun and knife violence: A matched cohort analysis. Surg Open Sci 2023; 13:71-74. [PMID: 37187917 PMCID: PMC10176051 DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There may be an association between violence and methamphetamine use. We hypothesized that trauma patients screening positive for methamphetamines are more likely to present after penetrating trauma and have increased mortality. Methods The 2017-2019 TQIP was used to 1:2 match methamphetamine (meth+) patients to patients testing negative for all drugs (meth-). Patients with polysubstance/alcohol use were excluded. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The rate of methamphetamine use was 3.1 %. After matching, there was no difference in vitals, injury severity score, sex, and comorbidities between cohorts (all p > 0.05). Compared to meth-, the meth+ group was more commonly sustained penetrating trauma (19.8 % vs. 9.2 %, p < 0.001) with stab-wounds being the most common penetrating mechanism (10.5 % vs. 4.5 %, p < 0.001). The meth+ group more commonly underwent surgery immediately from the emergency department (ED) (20.3 % vs. 13.3 %, p < 0.001). The associated risk of death in the ED was higher for the meth+ group (OR 2.77, CI 1.45-5.28, p = 0.002), however, the risk was similar for patients that were admitted or received an operation (p = 0.065). Conclusion Trauma patients using methamphetamine more commonly presented after gun or knife violence and required immediate surgical intervention. They also have increased associated risk of death in the ED. Given these serious findings, a multidisciplinary approach in helping curtail the worsening epidemic of methamphetamine use appears warranted as it is related to penetrating trauma and outcomes. Level of evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areg Grigorian
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, Orange, CA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 3200 Chapman Ave #6200, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Matthew Martin
- University of Southern California, Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Schellenberg
- University of Southern California, Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brent Emigh
- Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jeffry Nahmias
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Kazuhide Matsushima
- University of Southern California, Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meghan Lewis
- University of Southern California, Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Inaba
- University of Southern California, Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Karabulut S. A 6-Month Follow-Up Study: Cognitive Impairment May Predict More Frequent Use of Methamphetamine. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231175811. [PMID: 37216038 PMCID: PMC10192674 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231175811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Methamphetamine (METH) use has been associated with impairments in a variety of cognitive functions. In this study, it was aimed to assess the relation between cognitive measures and frequency of METH use. Methods Ninety-eight participants with methamphetamine use disorder were assessed with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Victoria-Stroop Word Color Test (SWCT), Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B. Participants were followed up during 6-month period with multiple urine toxicology tests (at baseline, month 1, month 2, month 3 and month 6). Results Participants who had their prescriptions regularly were more likely to have higher rates of METH-negative urine results (P = .003). Participants who had more correct numbers, completed more categories and had more conceptual level responses on WCST were more likely to use lower frequency of METH (OR = 0.006, P < .01; OR = 0.171, P < .001; OR = 0.024, P < .001; respectively). The higher error numbers and perseverative error rates on WCST were associated with more frequent METH use (OR = 0.023, P < .001; OR = 0.076, P < .001). Interference factor on SWCT was related with lower frequency of METH use whereas color naming factor on SWCT was related with higher rates of urine results (OR = 0.012, P < .001; OR = 3.628, P < .001; respectively). Higher TMT B-A score was related with more frequent METH use, although the significance disappeared after adjustment (OR = 0.002, P < .001). Having psychotic symptoms predicted less frequent use, but after adjustment for other significant variables, there was no significance. Conclusion Lower frequency of METH use in the follow-up could be predicted by neurocognitive assessments. Deficits in executive functions, attention, set-shifting and mental flexibility seems to be the most effected domains and this effect may be independent from the severity of psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Karabulut
- Sercan Karabulut, Centre of Alcohol and
Substance Addiction Treatment, Ataturk State Hospital, Nebiler, 7192 Sok.,
Kepez/Döşemealtı/Antalya 07192, Turkey.
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Boden JM, Foulds JA, Newton-Howes G, McKetin R. Methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms: findings from a New Zealand longitudinal birth cohort. Psychol Med 2023; 53:987-994. [PMID: 34134802 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the association between methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms in a New Zealand general population birth cohort (n = 1265 at birth). METHODS At age 18, 21, 25, 30, and 35, participants reported on their methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms in the period since the previous interview. Generalized estimating equations modelled the association between methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms (percentage reporting any symptom, and number of symptoms per participant). Confounding factors included childhood individual characteristics, family socioeconomic circumstances and family functioning. Long term effects of methamphetamine use on psychotic symptoms were assessed by comparing the incidence of psychotic symptoms at age 30-35 for those with and without a history of methamphetamine use prior to age 30. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors and time-varying covariate factors including concurrent cannabis use, methamphetamine use was associated with a modest increase in psychosis risk over five waves of data (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.72 for the percentage measure; and IRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02-1.50 for the symptom count measure). The increased risk of psychotic symptoms was concentrated among participants who had used at least weekly at any point (adjusted OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.21-6.69). Use of methamphetamine less than weekly was not associated with increased psychosis risk. We found no evidence for a persistent vulnerability to psychosis in the absence of continuing methamphetamine use. CONCLUSION Methamphetamine use is associated with increased risk of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Increased risk is chiefly confined to people who ever used regularly (at least weekly), and recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch Central City, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - James A Foulds
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch Central City, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Giles Newton-Howes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca McKetin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Al-Hakeim HK, Altufaili MF, Almulla AF, Moustafa SR, Maes M. Increased Lipid Peroxidation and Lowered Antioxidant Defenses Predict Methamphetamine Induced Psychosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223694. [PMID: 36429122 PMCID: PMC9688750 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND a significant percentage of methamphetamine (MA) dependent patients develop psychosis. The associations between oxidative pathways and MA-induced psychosis (MIP) are not well delineated. OBJECTIVE the aim of this study is to delineate whether acute MA intoxication in MA dependent patients is accompanied by increased nitro-oxidative stress and whether the latter is associated with MIP. METHOD we recruited 30 healthy younger males and 60 acutely intoxicated males with MA dependence and assessed severity of MA use and dependence and psychotic symptoms during intoxication, and serum oxidative toxicity (OSTOX) biomarkers including oxidized high (oxHDL) and low (oxLDL)-density lipoprotein, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO), and antioxidant defenses (ANTIOX) including HDL-cholesterol, zinc, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase-1. RESULTS a large part (50%, n = 30) of patients with MA dependence could be allocated to a cluster characterized by high psychosis ratings including delusions, suspiciousness, conceptual disorganization and difficulties abstract thinking and an increased OSTOX/ANTIOX ratio. Partial Least Squares analysis showed that 29.9% of the variance in MIP severity (a first factor extracted from psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, and formal thought disorder scores) was explained by HDL, TAC and zinc (all inversely) and oxLDL (positively). MA dependence and dosing explained together 44.7% of the variance in the OSTOX/ANTIOX ratio. CONCLUSIONS MA dependence and intoxication are associated with increased oxidative stress and lowered antioxidant defenses, both of which increase risk of MIP during acute intoxication. MA dependence is accompanied by increased atherogenicity due to lowered HDL and increased oxLDL and oxHDL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abbas F. Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Shatha Rouf Moustafa
- Clinical Analysis Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Jia X, Wang J, Jiang W, Kong Z, Deng H, Lai W, Ye C, Guan F, Li P, Zhao M, Yang M. Common gray matter loss in the frontal cortex in patients with methamphetamine-associated psychosis and schizophrenia. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103259. [PMID: 36510408 PMCID: PMC9668661 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Methamphetamine (MA)-associated psychosis has become a public concern. However, its mechanism is not clear. Investigating similarities and differences between MA-associated psychosis and schizophrenia in brain alterations would be informative for neuropathology. STUDY DESIGN This study compared gray matter volumes of the brain across four participant groups: healthy controls (HC, n = 53), MA users without psychosis (MA, n = 22), patients with MA-associated psychosis (MAP, n = 34) and patients with schizophrenia (SCZ, n = 33). Clinical predictors of brain alterations, as well as association of brain alterations with psychotic symptoms and attention impairment were further investigated. STUDY RESULTS Compared with the HC, the MAP and the SCZ showed similar gray matter reductions in the frontal cortex, particularly in prefrontal areas. Moreover, a stepwise extension of gray matter reductions was exhibited across the MA - MAP - SCZ. Duration of abstinence was associated with regional volumetric recovery in the MAP, while this amendment in brain morphometry was not accompanied with symptom's remission. Illness duration of psychosis was among the predictive factors of regional gray matter reductions in both psychotic groups. Volume reductions were found to be associated with attention impairment in the SCZ, while this association was reversed in the MAP in frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested MA-associated psychosis and schizophrenia had common neuropathology in cognitive-related frontal cortices. A continuum of neuropathology between MA use and schizophrenia was tentatively implicated. Illness progressions and glial repairments could both play roles in neuropathological changes in MA-associated psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Jia
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Zhi Kong
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Huan Deng
- School of International Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wentao Lai
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Caihong Ye
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Fen Guan
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Peng Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen 518020, China.
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O'Malley KY, Hart CL, Casey S, Downey LA. Methamphetamine, amphetamine, and aggression in humans: A systematic review of drug administration studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104805. [PMID: 35926727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between amphetamine use and aggressive or violent behaviour is unclear. This review examined laboratory data collected in humans, who were administered an acute dose of amphetamine or methamphetamine, in order to investigate the link between amphetamines and aggression. It is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019127711). Included in the analysis are data from twenty-eight studies. Behavioural and/or subjective measures of aggression were assessed in one thousand and sixty-nine research participants, with limited amphetamine-use histories, following a single amphetamine dose (0-35mg). The available published evidence indicates that neither amphetamine nor methamphetamine acutely increased aggression as assessed by traditional laboratory measures. Future research should assess supratherapeutic amphetamine doses as well as include a broader range of multiple aggression measures, facilitating simultaneous assessment of the various components that comprise this complex, multifaceted construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Y O'Malley
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, 427-451 Burwood Road Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia 3122; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, 406 Schermerhorn, MC 5501, New York, NY 10027.
| | - Carl L Hart
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, 406 Schermerhorn, MC 5501, New York, NY 10027; Division on Substance Use, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, MC 120, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sharon Casey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, 427-451 Burwood Road Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia 3122; Centre for Investigative Interviewing, Griffith, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, QLD, 4122
| | - Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, 427-451 Burwood Road Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia 3122; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, 145 Studley Road Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia 3084
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14
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Jones R, Jackson D, Woods C, Usher K. Complexity, safety and challenges: Emergency responders’ experience of people affected by methamphetamines. Nurs Health Sci 2022; 24:535-544. [PMID: 35869590 PMCID: PMC9544434 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Providing care to methamphetamine‐related callout events in the prehospital environment is often complex and resource‐intensive, requiring staff to manage agitation and violence‐related side effects of methamphetamines. In Australia, emergency responders are increasingly required to attend events related to methamphetamines, even though reports suggest methamphetamine use across Australia has declined. The aim of the study was to explore Australian police and paramedic experiences attending methamphetamine‐related events. A qualitative descriptive phenomenology design was employed using semi‐structured interviews with employed police (10) and paramedics (8) from Australia. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants described the complexities associated with providing prehospital care to people affected by methamphetamines. Participants described associated domestic/family violence, increased levels of violence, challenges with communication, and responder emotional and psychological distress and physical injury. Violence associated with methamphetamine use is a critical factor in prehospital care. Workplace violence and family/domestic violence are important issues that require further research to ensure families and staff are well supported and have the services they need to continue responding to people affected by methamphetamine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki Jones
- School of Health University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
| | - Debra Jackson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney NSW
| | | | - Kim Usher
- School of Health University of New England NSW
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15
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Shoptaw S, Li MJ, Javanbakht M, Ragsdale A, Goodman-Meza D, Gorbach PM. Frequency of reported methamphetamine use linked to prevalence of clinical conditions, sexual risk behaviors, and social adversity in diverse men who have sex with men in Los Angeles. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109320. [PMID: 35093681 PMCID: PMC8885921 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that reported frequency of methamphetamine use is significantly associated with measures of social adversity, sexual risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, bacterial STIs and HIV-related factors among diverse men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS Data were 2428 visits from 515 mSTUDY participants (261 people living with HIV; 254 HIV-negative). mSTUDY is an ongoing longitudinal study of racially/ethnically diverse MSM in Los Angeles County. Logistic regression with random intercepts modeled associations between self-reported past 6-month methamphetamine use (none, monthly or less, weekly or more) with reported adverse social outcomes (unemployment, housing instability, intimate partner violence), sexual risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and biomarkers of bacterial STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis) and detectable HIV viral load (among HIV-positive). Models controlled for confirmed HIV-serostatus. RESULTS Prevalence of reported monthly or less methamphetamine use was 19%; weekly or more use was 18%. Multivariable models showed escalating odds of adverse social outcomes and sexual risk behaviors (p's < 0.001) with increased methamphetamine use frequency. Frequency of methamphetamine use associated with increased odds of a positive bacterial STI test (p < .001), detectable viral load (in HIV-positive participants) (p < .001), renal condition (p = .047), neurological condition (p = .008), and psychological condition (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS Findings show cross-sectional links between reported methamphetamine use frequency and adverse social and health outcomes among MSM in Los Angeles and suggest there may be fewer social and physical health harms corresponding to less frequent use of methamphetamine in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Shoptaw
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Michael J. Li
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Marjan Javanbakht
- Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Amy Ragsdale
- Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - David Goodman-Meza
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Pamina M. Gorbach
- Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles
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16
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Mayshak R, Curtis A, Coomber K, Tonner L, Walker A, Hyder S, Liknaitzky P, Miller P. Alcohol-Involved Family and Domestic Violence Reported to Police in Australia. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP1658-NP1685. [PMID: 32552468 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520928633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Family and domestic violence (FDV) is a significant social issue that causes major harm across Australia. Alcohol has been identified as a contributing factor to FDV, and as such increased understanding of the role of alcohol in police-reported FDV incidents may provide the basis for developing specific clinical and forensic approaches. This study aims to identify the key correlates of alcohol-related FDV within police-reported FDV incidence. Data sourced from several states and territories across Australia were used to profile demographic and personal factors involved in police-reported FDV incidents, and to identify the types of incidents involving alcohol. For each state, three separate binary regressions were conducted for family violence, intimate partner violence, and FDV incidents in which alcohol was involved. Between 24% and 54% of FDV incidents reported to police were classified as alcohol-related. Although there appeared to be an association between relative socioeconomic disadvantage and an incident being alcohol-related, this association varied across states. Where victim and offender data were available, offenders were significantly more likely to be alcohol-affected than victims. Alcohol-related FDV incidents were also twice as likely to involve severe physical violence including injuries that were life threatening, as well as an increased likelihood of recidivism. This study demonstrates that alcohol plays a substantial role in police-reported FDV across Australia. It also demonstrates that other factors such as drug use, breach of orders, and repeat offending are associated with alcohol involvement across family violence and intimate partner violence.
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17
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Cumming C, Armstrong G, Borschmann R, Foulds JA, Newton-Howes G, McKetin R, Vallesi S, Preen D, Young J. Amphetamine-type stimulant use and self-harm: protocol for a systematic review of observational studies. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057029. [PMID: 35074824 PMCID: PMC8788311 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amphetamine type stimulant (ATS) use and self-harm are both major public health concerns globally. Use of ATS is associated with a range of health and social problems, and has been increasing internationally in the last decade. Self-harm and ATS use share a number of underlying risk factors and occur at elevated rates in marginalised groups with high rates of exposure to trauma. The relationship between self-harm and ATS use is likely complex, and the causal pathway may run in either direction. A comprehensive review, synthesis and analysis of the evidence are warranted to investigate this relationship and inform policy and practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search the Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO and Scopus databases for relevant observational studies published in peer-reviewed journals. The initial search was conducted on 5 February 2021, with a final search expected on 1 February 2022. All studies will be independently screened by two reviewers, first on title and abstract, and then on full-text to determine inclusion in the review. We place no restriction on the population that studies investigate, our exposure of interest is both prescription and illicit ATS use, comparators will be those not currently using ATS, and our primary outcome of interest is the prevalence of self-harm. Data will be extracted using a predesigned template, and pooled prevalence and pooled measures of effect for the association between ATS use and self-harm. If sufficient data are available, we will perform multiple meta-analyses to produce pooled measures of effect for each measure of ATS exposure, as well as different population sub-groups. The Methodological Standard for Epidemiological Research scale will be used to assess study quality, and Egger's test and I2 values will be used to assess publication bias and heterogeneity, respectively. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval is required for this review. We will only synthesise information from published studies that were conducted with ethical approval, so no individual participant data will be used. We will disseminate our findings via publication in a peer-reviewed journal, national and international conference presentations, and presentations to stakeholders in the community. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42021226562).
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Cumming
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gregory Armstrong
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohan Borschmann
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Justice Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A Foulds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Giles Newton-Howes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca McKetin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shannen Vallesi
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Preen
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jesse Young
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Justice Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Gooden JR, Petersen V, Bolt GL, Curtis A, Manning V, Cox CA, Lubman DI, Arunogiri S. Maybe It's Not the Meth: Considering Biopsychosocial Contributors to Cognitive Impairment in Methamphetamine Polydrug Use. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:795400. [PMID: 35237189 PMCID: PMC8882579 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.795400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In considering the cognitive harms of methamphetamine (MA) use, there is currently a limited appreciation of the profile of pre-existing, comorbid, or modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment in individuals with MA-polydrug use who present to clinical services. This is in contrast to the well-recognized evidence in alcohol use groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the biopsychosocial and neuropsychological profiles of MA-polysubstance using individuals reporting cognitive impairment in comparison to an alcohol-using group. METHODS A retrospective file audit was undertaken of individuals who presented for assessment to a specialist addiction neuropsychology service and reported either more than 1 year of heavy MA use as part of a polydrug use history (n = 40) or having only used alcohol (n = 27). Clinical histories including demographic, medical, mental health, substance use, and neuropsychological assessment results were extracted from medical records. Between group comparisons were conducted to explore differences in the MA-polydrug vs. the alcohol group. RESULTS Individuals in the MA-polydrug group were significantly younger, commenced substance use at an earlier age, were more likely to have an offending history, and experienced an overdose than those in the alcohol group. No differences in comorbid neurodevelopmental, psychiatric or acquired brain injury diagnoses were observed between groups. For neuropsychological functioning, significant group differences were observed in overall IQ, semantic verbal fluency, and psychomotor tracking, where individuals in the alcohol group performed significantly worse. CONCLUSIONS Neuropsychological profiles were largely equivalent between groups across cognitive domains, with minor differences in favor of the MA-polydrug group. Relative to the general population, cognitive functioning was reduced for both groups across a range of domains. High rates of comorbid mental health concerns were common across both groups, however, individuals in the MA-polydrug group presented with a higher risk of overall harm from substance use at a significantly younger age which is a unique concern for this group. These findings highlight the importance of considering the biopsychosocial factors, such as age of first use, emotional distress, indirect substance related harms including overdose and blood born virus infection that may be relevant to experiences of cognitive difficulty in MA-polydrug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Gooden
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,The National Centre for Clinical Research on Emerging Drugs, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Ashlee Curtis
- Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-Social Behaviour Research, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Victoria Manning
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Shalini Arunogiri
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
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19
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Liu M, Pu L, Liu T, Zhang X, Shen H, Deng Q, Wang Y, Li W, Fu X, Yang C, Fang T, Potenza MN, Hao W. Correlates of Aggression in Men With Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Childhood Trauma and Methamphetamine-Use Characteristics. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:888055. [PMID: 35669272 PMCID: PMC9163363 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.888055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggression is common among individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) and constitutes a serious public health issue. The current study aimed to examine associations of methamphetamine-use characteristics and childhood trauma with aggression in men with MAUD. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to August 2018. MAUD patients recruited from a compulsory drug rehabilitation center (n = 360) and healthy comparison subjects (n = 604) completed a survey that measured aggression and childhood trauma, using the Chinese version of Buss-Perry Aggressive Questionnaire (AQ-CV), and the short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), respectively. MAUD patients also provided information on methamphetamine-use characteristics such as the age of MAUD onset, MAUD severity, and co-occurring alcohol use disorder (AUD) and tobacco use disorder (TUD) using standard or self-designed questionnaires. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used to compare childhood trauma and aggression between the MAUD and comparison groups. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to determine correlates of overall aggression and its five sub-scales among the MAUD group. RESULTS The MAUD group had higher childhood trauma and aggression scores than the comparison group. Within the MAUD group, age of MAUD onset, having severe MAUD, co-occurring AUD, co-occurring TUD, and childhood trauma were associated with overall aggression, with slightly different correlates found for its five sub-scales. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows a high level of childhood trauma and aggression in the MAUD group. Both methamphetamine-use characteristics (age of MAUD onset, severe MAUD, co-occurring AUD/TUD) and childhood trauma were associated with aggression in MAUD. Our findings provide useful information on potential risk factors for aggression and inform future longitudinal research to establish causal relationships between these factors and aggression to guide further prevention and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liujin Pu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxian Shen
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qijian Deng
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Physical Education and Health, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Science and Ministry of Justice, China Are Affiliated to Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoya Fu
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, United States.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Jordanian University Students' Lived Experience of Misusing Amphetamine (Captagon): A Qualitative Study. J Addict Nurs 2022; 33:20-26. [PMID: 35230057 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance misuse is a growing problem among Jordanian university students. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of university students who misuse Captagon (amphetamines). METHODS The interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology was used. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 10 Jordanian university students, aged 17-22 years, who were using Captagon (amphetamines) for the last 6 months. RESULTS Three major themes detailed participants' experiences with Captagon: (a) causes for use, (b) effects of taking amphetamines, and (c) seeking help behaviors and support. Participants who experienced academic and personal stress sought help from friends, who provided them with Captagon pills as a way to overcome their life challenges. Initially, taking Captagon provided participants with a sense of control, but it did not solve their problems. Later or as the days passed by, they experienced increased level of stress, felt disorganized in a way that they missed classes, and were being socially isolated. Participants finally sought community help for their problem, but this was difficult because of stigmatizing attitudes in their community toward substance misuse. CONCLUSIONS Increasing university students' knowledge about the negative consequences of substance misuse and raising awareness of strategies to address the problem will help young people to make more informed choices, because today's young generation are tomorrow's citizens.
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21
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Yang M, Jia X, Zhou H, Ren P, Deng H, Kong Z, Xie C, Hu W, Jiang W, Lai W, Zhang B, Zhao M, Liu T. Brain dysfunction of methamphetamine-associated psychosis in resting state: Approaching schizophrenia and critical role of right superior temporal deficit. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13044. [PMID: 33957703 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA)-associated psychosis (MAP) is highly debilitating and common among individuals who use the drug, yet the underlying neural mechanism is not clear. This study compared brain functions between patients with MAP and those with schizophrenia during resting state and investigated the effect of brain alteration on the association between MA use and psychosis in patients with MAP. Three groups, including 24 patients with MAP, 17 with schizophrenia in first-episode (SCZ) and 31 healthy controls (HCs), were included after receiving a resting-state functional MRI scan. The severity of psychosis was assessed with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Imaging data were analysed using regional homogeneity (ReHo) to measure individual's brain function. Compared with the HC subjects, the MAP and SCZ groups had significantly lower ReHo in the cortical regions including left postcentral cortex, right superior temporal gyrus and right rolandic operculum, while had higher ReHo in the left putamen, with brain dysfunctions being more pronounced in the SCZ group. Among the MAP subjects, a mediating effect of ReHo in the right superior temporal gyrus was found on the association between MA use frequency and PANSS positive score. MAP and schizophrenia had a common trend of brain alteration, with the dysfunction being more pronounced in schizophrenia. This finding implicated that MAP might be a condition with neuropathology approaching schizophrenia. The observed critical role of right superior temporal deficit between MA use and psychosis proposed a potential target for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaojian Jia
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Hongying Zhou
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen China
- School of Mental Health (Research Institute of Mental Health) Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Ping Ren
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Huan Deng
- School of International Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhi Kong
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Chunyu Xie
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Wentao Lai
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) Guangzhou China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen China
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Coughlin LN, Lin LA, Jannausch M, Ilgen MA, Bonar EE. Methamphetamine use among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108921. [PMID: 34333282 PMCID: PMC8782253 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent trends show methamphetamine use is increasing in the United States. American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities face health disparities compared to the population overall, including some of the highest rates of illegal drug use. Herein, we examined the prevalence of methamphetamine use among AI/ANs and characteristics associated with methamphetamine use among AI/AN people. METHODS We examined past-year methamphetamine use from 2015 to 2019 between AI/ANs and the general non-institutionalized U.S. population using the National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Then, we identify potential subgroups of AI/AN people at elevated risk of methamphetamine use across factors including demographic, social determinants, mental health, and co-occurring substance use. RESULTS A total of 214,505 people, aged 18 or older, were surveyed between 2015 and 2019; 3,075 (0.55%) identified as AI/AN. An estimated 26.2 out of every 1000 AI/ANs used methamphetamine compared to 6.8 out of every 1000 in the general U.S. POPULATION Compared to methamphetamine use in the general population, AI/AN methamphetamine use tends to cluster in rural areas and among those with low income. AI/ANs who use methamphetamine were more likely to be male, middle-aged, low income, have severe mental illness, and misuse other substances than AI/AN people who did not use methamphetamine. DISCUSSION AI/ANs experience a disproportionate amount of methamphetamine use in the U.S. To address this disparity, multifaceted, broad prevention, harm reduction, and treatment efforts are needed that leverage cultural strengths to mitigate the consequences of methamphetamine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara N Coughlin
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Lewei Allison Lin
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (CCMR), Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mary Jannausch
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (CCMR), Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mark A Ilgen
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (CCMR), Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Erin E Bonar
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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23
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Leiding D, Kaiser F, Steffens M, Puiu AA, Habel U. What determines violent behavior in men? Predicting physical, psychological, and sexual violent offending based on classification and regression tree analysis. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:570-582. [PMID: 34096633 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite compelling evidence that victimization and offending co-occur, it remains unclear what types of victimization are linked to specific forms of perpetration. Here we examined the relationship between physical, psychological, and sexual violence with respect to influencing variables including mental health, risk-taking behaviors, and coping strategies. Data from 5385 men were collected as part of an epidemiological study on violence experience. A classification and regression tree analysis identified the main predictors of violence perpetration and classified violent offending into high- and low-risk groups. Results indicate that violence is best predicted by previous exposure to violence and polyvictimization. Physical violence is best predicted by prior exposure to physical violence and this is further influenced by the frequency of and the age at which violence was experienced. Drug use was a strong predictor of physical and psychological violence. The latter is best predicted by a history of polyvictimization, the severity and the originator of violence. Sexual violence is strongly predicted by one's sexual violence experience. Other factors such as demographic characteristics are less predictive. Our results may contribute to the development of early prevention and intervention approaches that account for different risk factors. The significance of violence exposure suggest that intervention measures must focus on victims of early and prolonged experience of violence. On the strength of the link between drug use and violence, exposure to violence should be considered in drug prevention and intervention and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Leiding
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Marion Steffens
- GESINE Netzwerk Gesundheit.EN/Frauen helfen Frauen EN e.V. Schwelm Germany
| | - Andrei A. Puiu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Translation Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
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24
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McKetin R, Sutherland R, Peacock A, Farrell M, Degenhardt L. Patterns of smoking and injecting methamphetamine and their association with health and social outcomes. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 40:1256-1265. [PMID: 34365687 PMCID: PMC9292494 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We examine how smoking and injecting methamphetamine change over time and correlate with specific health and social outcomes. Methods Panel data from a longitudinal cohort dependent on methamphetamine (N = 444; 891 months). Random effects regression models examined the relationship between smoking and/or injecting methamphetamine and past month outcomes (substance use, ≥daily injection, needle/syringe sharing, psychological distress, poor mental and physical health, sexual behaviour, psychotic symptoms, violent behaviour and crime). Effects were adjusted for between‐group differences at baseline. Results At baseline, 56% of participants only injected methamphetamine in the past month, 18% only smoked and 26% both injected and smoked (concurrent injecting and smoking). Compared to injecting only, concurrent injecting and smoking was associated with more days of methamphetamine use (b = 1.3, P < 0.001; adjusted [A] b = 1.2, P < 0.001), more frequent injection [odds ratio (OR) 1.8, P = 0.013; adjusted OR (AOR) 1.6, P = 0.042], violent behaviour (OR 2.1, P = 0.001; AOR 1.8, P = 0.013] and crime (OR 3.1, P < 0.001; AOR 2.5, P < 0.001). Non‐injecting related outcomes did not differ significantly for only smoking versus only injecting. There was no significant transition from injecting methamphetamine at baseline to non‐injecting methamphetamine use at follow up, or from exclusively smoking methamphetamine at baseline to any methamphetamine injection at follow up. Discussion and Conclusion Efforts are needed to address heavier methamphetamine use, more frequent drug injection and elevated violent behaviour and crime among people who concurrently smoke and inject methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca McKetin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Cornwell DQ, Thompson AR, Ivie RM, Working ZM, Friess DM, Meeker JE. Methamphetamine in Orthopaedics: Considerations of an At-Risk Population. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202106000-00012. [PMID: 34550663 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» Methamphetamine use by orthopaedic trauma patients has risen to epidemic proportions. » Perioperative methamphetamine use by orthopaedic trauma patients requires physicians to consider both medical and psychosocial factors during treatment. » Behavioral and psychosocial effects of methamphetamine use present barriers to care. » Patients who use methamphetamine face elevated rates of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q Cornwell
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,
| | - Austin R Thompson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,
| | - Ryan M Ivie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zachary M Working
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,
| | - Darin M Friess
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,
| | - James E Meeker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,
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26
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Weatherburn D, Yeong S. Does correctional supervision of amphetamine users reduce the risk of re-offending? Addiction 2021; 116:1472-1481. [PMID: 33067834 DOI: 10.1111/add.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the specific deterrent effect of offender supervision on the risk of a further offence by persons convicted of amphetamine use and/or possession. DESIGN Observational study of two groups matched on a wide range of factors using augmented inverse probability of treatment weighting. SETTING New South Wales (NSW), Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2099 persons convicted of amphetamine use and/or possession and placed on either a supervised good behaviour bond (1004) or a bond without supervision (1096). MEASUREMENTS Conviction for another amphetamine use/possession offence, any drug offence, assault or theft within 48 months free time after the index court appearance. FINDINGS Only two of the treatment estimates were consistent with a deterrent effect. Where the outcome was an assault offence, the estimated reduction in risk of re-offending was 1%. Where the outcome was a theft offence, the estimated reduction in the risk of reoffending was 0.07%. Neither result was statistically significant. The coefficients measuring the effect of supervision on the remaining two outcomes (use/possess amphetamine and use/possess any drug) were both positive and not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Correctional supervision does not appear to have been effective in New South Wales, Australia, in reducing the risk of reoffending among people convicted of amphetamine use/possession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Weatherburn
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steve Yeong
- Principal evaluator, New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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Raftery D, Kelly PJ, Deane FP, Carter G, Dean OM, Lubman DI, Turner A, McKetin R. Cognitive insight, medication adherence and methamphetamine cessation in people enrolled in a pharmacotherapy trial for methamphetamine use. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 130:108473. [PMID: 34118709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study examined correlates of cognitive insight in people enrolled in a methamphetamine pharmacotherapy trial; whether cognitive insight at the start of the trial predicted medication adherence and reductions in methamphetamine use during the trial; and, whether insight would remain stable over the trial or improve with reductions in methamphetamine use. METHODS A subset of people enrolled in a 12-week randomised placebo-controlled pharmacotherapy trial for methamphetamine dependence completed the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, comprising subscales for Self-Reflection and Self-Certainty, at baseline (n = 152) and at week 12 (n = 79). Medication adherence was expressed as the percentage of non-missed doses measured using eCAP™ technology. Methamphetamine use days were assessed using the Timeline Followback. RESULTS At baseline, greater Self-Reflection was correlated with more severe methamphetamine withdrawal, and hostility, whereas Self-Certainty was correlated with less education and longer duration of methamphetamine use. No relationship was found between BCIS subscales at baseline and medication adherence (Self-Reflection b[SE] = -0.73 [0.43] p = .09; Self-Certainty b[SE] = -0.31 [0.48] p = .52,). Neither BCIS subscale was predictive of reduced methamphetamine use at 12 weeks (Self-Reflection b[SE] = 0.001 [0.01] p = .95 Self-Certainty b[SE] = -0.003 [0.01], p = .74). Self-Reflection decreased over the trial (t = 3.42, p = .001) but this was unrelated to change in methamphetamine use (Self-Reflection, b[SE] = -1.68 [1.16] p = .15) Change in methamphetamine use was found to be a significant predictor of Self-Certainty at 12 weeks (b [SE] = -2.71 [1.16] p = .02). CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that cognitive insight predicted medication adherence or methamphetamine reduction in people engaged in this trial. Ongoing or increased methamphetamine use predicted increased Self-Certainty at 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayle Raftery
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter J Kelly
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank P Deane
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory Carter
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Australia
| | - Alyna Turner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rebecca McKetin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Efficacy and dropout rates of antipsychotic medications for methamphetamine psychosis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 219:108467. [PMID: 33385693 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the treatment effects of different antipsychotics for methamphetamine psychosis (MAP). METHODS Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for short-term, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the inception to June 15, 2020. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) were aggregated using random-effects pairwise comparisons and frequentist network meta-analyses (NMAs). Primary outcomes of interest were the main psychotic symptoms and dropout rates. We also rated the quality of NMA estimates. RESULTS This NMA included six RCTs of 395 patients with MAP. Six studied antipsychotics were aripiprazole, haloperidol, olanzapine, paliperidone extended-release, quetiapine, and risperidone. Risperidone is the most frequently studied antipsychotic, being investigated in four trials. Low quality of evidence was available to determine the efficacy of those antipsychotics for main psychotic symptoms. Aripiprazole was significantly inferior to olanzapine (SMD = 1.36, 95 % CI = 0.46-2.26), quetiapine (SMD = 1.13, 95 % CI = 0.28-1.98), haloperidol (SMD = 0.87, 95 % CI = 0.14-1.60), and paliperidone extended-release (SMD = 0.60, 95 % CI = 0.06-1.14). Olanzapine and quetiapine were superior to risperidone (SMD = -1.09, 95 % CI = -1.89 to -0.28 and SMD = -0.86, 95 % CI = -1.61 to -0.11, respectively). The dropout rates were not significantly different among the studied antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS This analysis suggests that olanzapine or quetiapine may be a preferred antipsychotic for MAP, although the evidence for this was rated low-quality due to the high risk of bias or indirectness/intransitivity.
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29
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Khan SI, Khan MNM, Irfan SD, Rumayan Hasan AM, Ross AG, Horng LMS, Lachowsky N, Knudson G, Azim T. The Effects of Methamphetamine Use on the Sexual Lives of Gender and Sexually Diverse People in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:479-493. [PMID: 32239362 PMCID: PMC7529687 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use has increased among gender and sexually diverse people in several countries, including Bangladesh. This study aimed to explore the effects of methamphetamine on the sexual lives of these people in Dhaka, Bangladesh. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted, comprising 30 in-depth interviews with gender and sexually diverse people including males having sex with males, male sex workers, and transgender women (hijra) under HIV intervention coverage. Ten key informant interviews were also conducted with individuals who have expertise in relevant disciplines such as drug use, harm reduction, and HIV and AIDS. Digitally recorded data were manually analyzed under the thematic analysis framework. Findings indicated that many participants reported that methamphetamine brought changes in their sexual lives such as increased sexual drive, engagement in group sex, the increased ability to perform serial sex, transactional sex, impulsive and coercive sex, initiation and switching of male-to-male sexual practices, and limited condom use. Key informants noted that there is a dearth of methamphetamine-related services in Bangladesh. Methamphetamine use was found to lead to diverse effects on the sexual lives of gender and sexually diverse people, thus making it a driving force for shaping sexual practices and, hence, sexual risks. Therefore, it is essential for policy-level stakeholders and program managers to consider the risks of methamphetamine use due to their negative ramifications on sexual health, including HIV risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharful Islam Khan
- Programme for HIV and AIDS, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Niaz Morshed Khan
- Programme for HIV and AIDS, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Samira Dishti Irfan
- Programme for HIV and AIDS, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A M Rumayan Hasan
- Programme for HIV and AIDS, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Allen G Ross
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lily Ming-Sha Horng
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Lachowsky
- Faculty of Human and Social Development, School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Gail Knudson
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tasnim Azim
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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30
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Kaye S, Lewandowski A, Bowman J, Doyle MF. Crystal methamphetamine use among young people entering custody: Prevalence, correlates and comorbidity. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:1266-1274. [PMID: 33155354 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Crystal methamphetamine (CM) is associated with a range of physical and mental health harms and may be of particular concern among young people at risk of early, problematic substance use, such as those in contact with the criminal justice system. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of regular (i.e. at least weekly) CM use among young people preceding entry into custody. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected from 207 participants aged 14-18 years as part of the 2015 Young People in Custody Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey of youth in custody in New South Wales, Australia. Participants were administered face-to-face structured interviews assessing sociodemographic, childhood and family characteristics, offending history, substance use and psychopathology. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors independently associated with regular CM use. RESULTS Regular CM use was reported by 31% of participants and was independently associated with higher levels of antisocial traits/behaviour [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02, 1.25], increased polydrug use (AOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14, 1.58), injecting drug use (AOR 4.06, 95% CI 1.02, 16.16) and meeting symptom thresholds for two or more current psychological disorders (AOR 3.20, 95% CI 1.15, 8.94). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Regular CM users present with more complex comorbidity than other young people in custody, increasing the health-care burden in custodial and community settings. Early identification and appropriate treatment of this comorbidity is crucial to improving the health, psychosocial and behavioural outcomes of this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene Kaye
- Research Unit, Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy Lewandowski
- Research Unit, Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia Bowman
- Research Unit, Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael F Doyle
- Centre of Research Excellence Indigenous Health and Alcohol, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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31
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The contribution of methamphetamine use to crime: Evidence from Australian longitudinal data. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 216:108262. [PMID: 32916517 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To quantify the extent to which methamphetamine use is associated with increases in crime net of any premorbid risk of criminality among people who use the drug. METHODS Four one-month data panels from 469 participants dependent on methamphetamine were drawn from the MATES cohort (N = 501). Odds ratios for within-person effects were extracted from a random intercept logistic regression model for crime during periods of methamphetamine use compared to no use. Effects were adjusted for time-varying measures of age, other substance use, and socio-economic disadvantage (income, unemployment and unstable accommodation). Involvement in crime (property crime, drug dealing, fraud, violent crime) and days of methamphetamine in the past month were assessed using the Opiate Treatment Index. RESULTS Crime was more likely during months when participants used methamphetamine compared to when they did not (OR 13.2 95% CI 8.5-20.6; AOR 4.7 95% CI 2.8-8.0), this reflecting more property crime (OR 10.6 95% CI 6.3-18.0; AOR 5.5 95% CI 2.8-10.8), violent crime (OR 8.2 95% CI 4.2-15.9; AOR 3.4 95% CI 1.5-8.0), fraud (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0-5.8; AOR 1.7 95% CI 0.8-3.3) and dealing drugs (OR 18.2 95% CI 10.2-32.5; AOR 5.9 95% CI 3.0-11.9), although the adjusted relationship for fraud was not significant. Effects were dose related. CONCLUSIONS The use of methamphetamine was associated with significant increases in crime beyond premorbid risk for criminality. Crime is a likely social consequence of methamphetamine use and efforts are needed to reduce this impact.
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32
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Hamel C, Corace K, Hersi M, Rice D, Willows M, Macpherson P, Sproule B, Flores-Aranda J, Garber G, Esmaeilisaraji L, Skidmore B, Porath A, Ortiz Nunez R, Hutton B. Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions for methamphetamine addiction: protocol for a scoping review of the literature. Syst Rev 2020; 9:245. [PMID: 33099314 PMCID: PMC7585172 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine use and harms are rising rapidly. Management of patients with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and problematic methamphetamine use (PMU) is challenging, with no clearly established best approach; both psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions have been described. Furthermore, given the diversity of individuals that use methamphetamines, there is a need to assess evidence for treatments for subgroups including youths; gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men; individuals with mental health comorbidities; and individuals in correction services. Establishing awareness of the messages regarding treatment from recent clinical practice guidelines (CPG) in the field is also of value. The first study objective will be to establish a greater understanding of the methods, populations, and findings of controlled studies for psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments for MUD and PMU. Investigation of this information can help establish the potential for advanced syntheses of the evidence (such as network meta-analysis) to compare therapies for this condition and to identify gaps related to key populations where more primary research is needed. Summarizing the recommendations regarding treatment of MUD/PMU from recent CPGs and systematic reviews will be an important secondary objective. METHODS A scoping review will be performed. Using the OVID platform, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and relevant Cochrane databases from EBM Reviews will be searched (from databases' inception onwards). Eligibility criteria will include individuals described as having MUD or PMU, with designs of interest including randomized trials, non-randomized trials, and controlled cohort studies with three or more months of follow-up; systematic reviews and CPGs will also be sought. Two reviewers (with support from automation tools) will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and chart data. Different approaches to handling and summarizing the data will be implemented for each type of study design. Tables and graphics will be used to map evidence sources and identify evidence gaps. DISCUSSION This research will enhance awareness of evidence addressing the effects of psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions for MUD/PMU overall and in sub-populations, both in terms of recent CPGs/reviews and primary studies; inspection of the latter will also help establish the feasibility of future syntheses to compare treatments, such as network meta-analysis. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/9wy8p ).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hamel
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada
| | - K Corace
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada.,Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Hersi
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada
| | - D Rice
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Willows
- Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P Macpherson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - B Sproule
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - G Garber
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Esmaeilisaraji
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada
| | - B Skidmore
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada
| | - A Porath
- Canadian Center on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - B Hutton
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada. .,Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether methamphetamine (MA) users are at an increased risk for complications compared to matched controls in the setting of orthopaedic trauma. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Academic Level-1 Trauma Center. PATIENTS MA users and matched controls. INTERVENTION MA use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Infection, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), and nonunion. RESULTS Five hundred sixty-seven patients were included in our study (189 MA users, 378 matched controls). On univariate analysis, MA users had a higher incidence of DVT (3.2% vs. 0.5%), but no statistically significant difference in infection or nonunion rates. MA users also had a higher incidence of intensive care unit admission (36.0% vs. 27.8%), leaving the hospital against medical advice (9.0% vs. 2.1%), nonadherence to weightbearing precautions (18.8% vs. 7.3%), and a higher incidence of loss of follow-up (47.1% vs. 30.4%). However, MA users had a lower incidence of surgical treatment for orthopaedic injuries (51.9% vs. 65.9%). When surgical treatment was pursued, more trips to the operating room were required for orthopaedic injuries in the MA group (2.6 vs. 1.5 trips). On multivariate analysis, MA users continued to demonstrate a higher incidence of DVT and a lower incidence of operative management, but more trips to the operating room when surgical management was pursued, a higher admission rate to the intensive care unit, and a greater incidence of loss of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS MA use is associated with increased inpatient and outpatient complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Hegazi F, Alhazmi H, Abdullah A, Alamer N, Nelson J, Aldosari M, Tillman N, Bahdila D, Odani S, Agaku I, Vardavas C. Prevalence of oral conditions among methamphetamine users: NHANES 2009-2014. J Public Health Dent 2020; 81:21-28. [PMID: 32812220 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methamphetamine (MA) is a widely used illicit drug and a nationwide public health concern. Although dental complications are consistently reported among MA users, yet limited nationally representative studies on the associations between MA use and oral health currently exist. METHODS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014, we analyzed 8,762 respondents aged 30-64 years who had completed a periodontal examination. MA use was self-reported; periodontitis, untreated caries, and missing teeth were assessed by calibrated dentists. Descriptive statistics as well as multivariable regression analyses were performed. Data were weighted to yield representative estimates of the US adult population. RESULTS Overall 7.8 percent of US adults aged ≥30 years had ever used MA. Ever-use prevalence was higher among males, whites, and individuals below the federal poverty level. Established MA users had a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries (36.6 percent), any periodontitis (54.8 percent), and severe periodontitis (12.2 percent) than those who had never used MA. The prevalence of any periodontitis was higher among current MA users (PR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05-1.62) than those who never used MA. Prevalence of untreated dental caries was higher among current MA users (PR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.10-2.13) and established users (PR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02-1.48) than never users. Taking MA orally and/or through injection was associated with higher odds of severe periodontitis than orally only (AOR: 3.72; CI: 1.79-7.75). CONCLUSIONS MA users had a higher prevalence of periodontitis and dental caries. Continued research assessing the relationship between MA use and oral health can inform clinical interventions and management of dental diseases in MA users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Hegazi
- Preventive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Alhazmi
- Preventive Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Abdullah
- Preventive Dental Science, King Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alamer
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jevae Nelson
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muath Aldosari
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nailah Tillman
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dania Bahdila
- Preventive Dental Science, King Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satomi Odani
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Israel Agaku
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constantine Vardavas
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen GL, Lin SY, Lo HY, Wu HC, Lin YM, Chen TC, Sandy Chu CY, Lee WC, Chen YH, Lu PL. Clinical impact of recreational drug use among people living with HIV in southern Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:952-962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Reilly R, Wand H, McKetin R, Quinn B, Ezard N, Dunlop A, Conigrave K, Treloar C, Roe Y, Gray D, Stephens J, Ward J. Survey methods and characteristics of a sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous people who have recently used methamphetamine: the NIMAC survey. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:646-655. [PMID: 32573069 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS There is a need for detailed information on methamphetamine use in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We describe a national survey on methamphetamine use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and non-Indigenous people. DESIGN AND METHODS Participants aged 16 years or older who reported using methamphetamine in the past year were recruited for a cross-sectional survey through 10 Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisations. Surveys were completed anonymously on electronic tablets. Measures included the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile, the Severity of Dependence Scale, subscales from Opiate Treatment Index and the Kessler 10. A Chronic Stress Scale was used to assess culturally situated chronic stress factors. RESULTS Of the 734 participants, 416 (59%) were Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander and 331 (45%) were female. In the previous year, most participants reported smoking (48.7%) or injecting (34%) methamphetamine and 17.4% reported daily use. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people did not differ significantly from non-Indigenous participants on methamphetamine use patterns (age at first use, frequency of use, main mode of use, injecting risk, poly drug use). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants felt less able to access health care (32% vs. 48%, P < 0.001), including mental health services (19% vs. 29%, P < 0.002), were less likely to report a mental health diagnosis (50% vs. 60%, P < 0.002) and were more likely to turn to family for support (52% vs. 34%, P < 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We recruited and surveyed a large sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people from which we can derive detailed comparative data on methamphetamine use and related health service needs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Reilly
- Infectious Diseases Aboriginal Health Research, Aboriginal Health Equity Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,College and Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Handan Wand
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca McKetin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan Quinn
- Longitudinal and Lifecourse Studies, Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadine Ezard
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Alcohol and Drug Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Dunlop
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kate Conigrave
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carla Treloar
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yvette Roe
- Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Dennis Gray
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Stephens
- Infectious Diseases Aboriginal Health Research, Aboriginal Health Equity Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Ward
- Infectious Diseases Aboriginal Health Research, Aboriginal Health Equity Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,College and Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Seiler N, Nguyen T, Yung A, O'Donoghue B. Terminology and assessment tools of psychosis: A systematic narrative review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:226-246. [PMID: 31846133 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Phenomena within the psychosis continuum that varies in frequency/duration/intensity have been increasingly identified. Different terms describe these phenomena, however there is no standardization within the terminology. This review evaluated the definitions and assessment tools of seven terms - (i) 'psychotic experiences'; (ii) 'psychotic-like experiences'; (iii) 'psychotic-like symptoms'; (iv) 'attenuated psychotic symptoms'; (v) 'prodromal psychotic symptoms'; (vi) 'psychotic symptomatology'; and (vii) 'psychotic symptoms'. METHODS EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were searched during February-March 2019. Inclusion criteria included 1989-2019, full text, human, and English. Papers with no explicit definition or assessment tool, duplicates, conference abstracts, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or no access were excluded. RESULTS A total of 2238 papers were identified and of these, 627 were included. Definitions and assessment tools varied, but some trends were found. Psychotic experiences and psychotic-like experiences were transient and mild, found in the general population and those at-risk. Psychotic-like symptoms were subthreshold and among at-risk populations and non-psychotic mental disorders. Attenuated psychotic symptoms were subthreshold but associated with distress, risk, and help-seeking. Prodromal psychotic symptoms referred to the prodrome of psychotic disorders. Psychotic symptomatology included delusions and hallucinations within psychotic disorders. Psychotic symptoms was the broadest term, encompassing a range of populations but most commonly involving hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, and disorganization. DISCUSSION A model for conceptualizing the required terms is proposed and future directions needed to advance this field of research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Seiler
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tony Nguyen
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Yung
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
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Cumming C, Kinner SA, McKetin R, Li I, Preen D. Methamphetamine use, health and criminal justice system outcomes: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:505-518. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Cumming
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Stuart A. Kinner
- Centre for Adolescent HealthMurdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
- Griffith Criminology InstituteGriffith University Brisbane Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash University Melbourne Australia
- Mater Research Institute‐UQUniversity of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Rebecca McKetin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research CentreUNSW Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Ian Li
- School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - David Preen
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of Western Australia Perth Australia
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Foulds JA, Boden JM, McKetin R, Newton-Howes G. Methamphetamine use and violence: Findings from a longitudinal birth cohort. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 207:107826. [PMID: 31927159 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Evidence linking illicit methamphetamine use to violence perpetration and victimisation comes primarily from cross-sectional studies. These associations have not previously been studied in a longitudinal general population sample. DESIGN Longitudinal birth cohort. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS General population sample (n = 1265) born in Christchurch, New Zealand in 1977. MEASUREMENTS Participants were asked at age 21, 25, 30 and 35 about their frequency of methamphetamine use, and violence perpetration or victimization since the last interview. Violence was measured both in general, and within intimate partner relationships in particular. Logistic generalised estimating equations modelled the association between methamphetamine exposure and violence outcomes within each age period, adjusting for confounding factors and time-dynamic covariate factors. The dose-response profiles were explored via associations between heaviest methamphetamine use frequency from age 18-35 and violence outcomes in that period. FINDINGS 28 % of participants reported using methamphetamine at least once between age 18 and 35. Compared to no use, a history of any methamphetamine use in each age period was associated with an increased adjusted risk of violence perpetration (OR 1.60; 1.01-2.54), intimate partner violence perpetration (OR 1.55, 95 % CI 1.04-2.30), and violence victimization (OR 1.57, 1.00-2.47). Evidence for an association with intimate partner violence victimization was inconclusive (OR 1.09, 0.80-1.49). There was a dose response relationship whereby those who had used methamphetamine at least weekly at any time from age 18-35 had substantially elevated adjusted odds of violence involvement compared to people who used but less often, or had never used. CONCLUSIONS Methamphetamine use is an independent risk factor for violence perpetration and victimisation in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Foulds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca McKetin
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Giles Newton-Howes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, New Zealand
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40
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Orthopaedic Injury Profiles in Methamphetamine Users: A Retrospective Observational Study. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2020; 28:e28-e33. [PMID: 30985479 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-18-00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to characterize the prevalence of methamphetamine (MA) abuse and associated orthopaedic injury patterns at our level 1 trauma center. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of all orthopaedic consults for the year 2016. Patients were classified as MA users based on urine toxicology results and social history. RESULTS The prevalence of MA use was 10.0%. MA users were more likely to present with hand lacerations and other infections (P < 0.05 for all). Regarding the mechanism of injury, MA users were more likely to be involved in automobile versus pedestrian, automobile versus bicycle, ballistic, knife, closed fist, other assault/altercation, and animal bite injuries (P < 0.05 for all). DISCUSSION MA use is prevalent at our level 1 trauma center. The prevalence and injury patterns of MA abuse warrant deeper study into the effects of this drug on orthopaedic outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Hayley AC, Hart CL, O'Malley KY, Stough CKK, Downey LA. Risky driving behaviours among stimulant drug users and the role of aggression: findings from a national survey. Addiction 2019; 114:2187-2196. [PMID: 31351029 DOI: 10.1111/add.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stimulant drug users have a greater prevalence of risky driving behaviour. This study aimed to assess how far this association remains after adjusting for aggressiveness. DESIGN Cross-sectional interview study assessing associations between measures of risky driving behaviours as outcomes, measures of stimulant drug use as predictors and a measure of aggressiveness as a covariate. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS Data were drawn from wave 3 (2012-13) of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III) (n = 36 309 aged ≥ 18 years). MEASUREMENTS Stimulant drug use, past-year DSM-5 stimulant use disorder, aggression and measures of risky driving were assessed using face-to-face interviews conducted using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS-5) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5). FINDINGS Overall, 2714 (8.3%) respondents indicated life-time stimulant use, and 112 (0.3%) met criteria for past-year DSM-5 stimulant use disorder. More than 10% of ongoing stimulant users and one-third of respondents with DSM-5 stimulant use disorder reported stimulant-specific driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) in the past-year (both P < 0.0001). Adjusted for demographics and independent of aggression, life-time stimulant users reported increased likelihood of driving [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.63-3.42] or speeding under the influence of drugs (aOR = 3.39, 95% CI = 3.01-3.82) and licence revocation (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.87-2.50) (all P < 0.0001). Past-year DSM-5 stimulant use disorder was associated with all outcomes (aOR = 5.48, 95% CI = 2.95-10.18 and aOR = 3.87, 95% CI = 2.23-6.70, respectively, all P < 0.0001), except licence revocation (aOR = 1.72). CONCLUSIONS Stimulant use appears to be positively associated with risky driving behaviours after adjusting for aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie C Hayley
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Carl L Hart
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate Y O'Malley
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Con K K Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Coomber K, Curtis A, Vandenberg B, Miller PG, Heilbronn C, Matthews S, Smith K, Wilson J, Moayeri F, Mayshak R, Lubman DI, Scott D. Aggression and violence at ambulance attendances where alcohol, illicit and/or pharmaceutical drugs were recorded: A 5-year study of ambulance records in Victoria, Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107685. [PMID: 31704380 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes the frequency and characteristics of aggression and/or violence in ambulance attendances involving alcohol, illicit and/or pharmaceutical drug use in Victoria, Australia between January 2012 and January 2017. METHODS Patient characteristics, context, and substance use involvement in ambulance attendances were examined to determine associations with attendances where aggression and/or violence was recorded. RESULTS There were 205,178 ambulance attendances where use of alcohol, pharmaceutical drugs or illicit substances contributed to the reason for the attendance. Paramedics recorded acts of aggression and/or violence in 11,813 (5.76 %) of these attendances. Aggression/violence was more likely to be recorded in certain contexts. Compared with attendances where aggression/violence was not recorded, attendances where aggression/violence was recorded were significantly more likely to involve younger and male patients, and occur on Friday and Saturday nights. Alcohol intoxication was involved in more than half of attendances where aggression/violence was recorded, and was almost twice as prevalent as those involving illicit drug use where aggression/violence was recorded. This pattern was consistent across all hours, high-alcohol hours only, by metropolitan/regional location, and by police co-attendance. CONCLUSIONS Aggression and violence are frequently recorded in ambulance attendances involving alcohol, pharmaceutical drugs or illicit substances, and, most often involve alcohol. This violence poses a recurring threat to the health and safety of paramedics, bystanders, and patients. Greater priority should be given to reducing alcohol-related violence through evidence-based policy measures targeting high-risk groups (e.g. young adult males) and contexts (e.g. weekends, late at night) where harm is most likely to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Coomber
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Ashlee Curtis
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Brian Vandenberg
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peter G Miller
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Cherie Heilbronn
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sharon Matthews
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Karen Smith
- Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine and Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
| | - James Wilson
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Foruhar Moayeri
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Richelle Mayshak
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Debbie Scott
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
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Nie L, Zhaom Z, Wen X, Luo W, Ju T, Ren A, Wu B, London ED, Li J. Factors affecting the occurrence of psychotic symptoms in chronic methamphetamine users. J Addict Dis 2019; 37:202-210. [PMID: 31682200 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2019.1661752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies of risk for psychotic symptoms in methamphetamine users have focused primarily on drug use immediately before symptoms had appeared. Here we assessed factors reflecting characteristics of lifetime methamphetamine use before the appearance of psychotic symptoms. Four hundred ninety-five methamphetamine users (322 men, 173 women) were studied with consideration of the following features of methamphetamine use: age of initiation, maximum single dose, number of uses at or near the maximum dose, longest period of daily use, average dosage during that period, number of heavy use periods, and number of sustained abstinence periods (>1 month). Use of drugs other than methamphetamine and family history of schizophrenia were also considered. Retrospective self-reports of psychotic symptoms were obtained on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Factors associated with the occurrence of initial psychotic symptom(s) were identified using logistic regression. Later age of initiation, more uses at maximal or near maximal dosage, and more periods of prolonged abstinence were identified as protective factors. We conclude that early methamphetamine use can promote psychotic symptoms, possibly by altering neurodevelopment, whereas long abstinence periods may protect by allowing recovery. Negative associations of the appearance of psychotic symptom(s) with frequent high-dose administration suggest protection through tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Nie
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyong Zhaom
- Detoxification and Narcotics Control Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiantao Wen
- Sichuan provincial Compulsory Drug Addiction Treatment Agency for Males, Ziyang, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Sichuan provincial Compulsory Drug Addiction Treatment Agency for Females, Deyang, China
| | - Tao Ju
- Hospital of Sichuan provincial Compulsory Drug Addiction Treatment Agency for Females, Deyang, China
| | - Anlian Ren
- Sichuan provincial Compulsory Drug Addiction Treatment Agency for Males, Ziyang, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Hospital of Sichuan provincial Compulsory Drug Addiction Treatment Agency for Females, Deyang, China
| | - Edythe D London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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McKetin R, Leung J, Stockings E, Huo Y, Foulds J, Lappin JM, Cumming C, Arunogiri S, Young JT, Sara G, Farrell M, Degenhardt L. Mental health outcomes associated with of the use of amphetamines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2019; 16:81-97. [PMID: 31832623 PMCID: PMC6890973 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of amphetamines is a global public health concern. We summarise global data on use of amphetamines and mental health outcomes. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD 42017081893). We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo for methamphetamine or amphetamine combined with psychosis, violence, suicidality, depression or anxiety. Included studies were human empirical cross-sectional surveys, case-control studies, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials that assessed the association between methamphetamine and one of the mental health outcomes. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool results for any use of amphetamines and amphetamine use disorders. FINDINGS 149 studies were eligible and 59 were included in meta-analyses. There was significant heterogeneity in effects. Evidence came mostly from cross-sectional studies. Any use of amphetamines was associated with higher odds of psychosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95%CI 1.3-3.3), violence (OR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.2-4.1; adjusted OR [AOR] = 1.4, 95%CI 0.8-2.4), suicidality OR = 4.4, 95%CI 2.4-8.2; AOR = 1.7, 95%CI 1.0-2.9) and depression (OR = 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.2; AOR = 1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.4). Having an amphetamine use disorder was associated with higher odds of psychosis (OR = 3.0, 95%CI 1.9-4.8; AOR = 2.4, 95%CI 1.6-3.5), violence (OR = 6.2, 95%CI 3.1-12.3), and suicidality (OR = 2.3, 95%CI 1.8-2.9; AOR = 1.5, 95%CI 1.3-1.8). INTERPRETATION Methamphetamine use is an important risk factor for poor mental health. High quality population-level studies are needed to more accurately quantify this risk. Clinical responses to methamphetamine use need to address mental health harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca McKetin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Janni Leung
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily Stockings
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yan Huo
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - James Foulds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Julia M. Lappin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig Cumming
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shalini Arunogiri
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse T. Young
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Justice Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant Sara
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
- InforMH, System Information and Analytics Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, Australia
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Chen C, Hsu FC, Li CW, Huang MC. Structural, functional, and neurochemical neuroimaging of methamphetamine-associated psychosis: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 292:23-31. [PMID: 31476712 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant. A subset of methamphetamine users develops methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP), which causes poorer prognoses and cognitive function than those with no psychosis (MNP). Comprehensive and integrative summaries of studies utilizing various neuroimaging modalities (structural, functional, and neurochemical) are limited. We conducted a systematic review of literature regarding clinical neuroimaging research published between January 1988 and July 2018 using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. Studies comparing the neuroimaging of patients with MAP with healthy controls or patients with MNP or schizophrenia were included to understand the distinct profiles associated with MAP. A total of six structural, three functional, and three neurochemical studies were reviewed. A general trend was identified that showed MAP-related brain alterations were mainly in the frontal lobe (especially the orbitofrontal cortex), striatum, and limbic systems (amygdala and hippocampus). Furthermore, some clinical manifestations, such as the severity of psychotic symptoms and cognitive performance, were correlated with neuroimaging abnormalities. In summary, distinct structural, functional, and neurochemical changes, especially in the frontostriatal circuit and network dynamic systems, play critical roles in the pathophysiology of MAP. Future studies using longitudinal study designs and including individuals with MNP and schizophrenia as controls are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital.
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Lamyai W, Pono K, Indrakamhaeng D, Saengsin A, Songhong N, Khuwuthyakorn P, Sribanditmongkol P, Junkuy A, Srisurapanont M. Risks of psychosis in methamphetamine users: cross-sectional study in Thailand. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032711. [PMID: 31615802 PMCID: PMC6797321 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine factors related to recent methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP) among individuals recently using methamphetamine (MA). DESIGN Cross-sectional study carried out between July 2015 and June 2017. SETTING Four mental health hospitals and one substance abuse treatment centre in Thailand. PARTICIPANTS Individuals recruited onto the study included those aged 18 years or over, of both sexes, who reported MA use in the month prior to admission. MEASURES Any recent psychosis was confirmed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus psychotic module. The Timeline Follow Back was used to determine days of MA use. The severity of MA dependence was assessed using the Severity of Dependence Scale. Quantitative hair analysis was carried out to confirm recent use of MA and to measure the amount of MA use. We compared several characteristics between those who had recently experienced psychosis and those who had not. RESULTS This study included 120 participants without MAP and 113 participants with MAP. The mean age was 28 years and the mean abstinence was 17 days. The levels of MA concentration in hair were not significantly different between groups (p=0.115). Based on the final logistic regression model, the independent factors associated with MAP (OR and 95% CI) included being male (OR 4.03, 95% CI 1.59 to 10.20), ≥16 days of MA use in the past month (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.52), MA dependence (OR 9.41, 95% CI 2.01 to 44.00) and hospitalisation history related to substance abuse (OR 3.85, 95% CI 2.03 to 7.28). CONCLUSIONS Health professionals should closely monitor the development of MAP in MA-dependent men who frequently use MA and have a history of hospitalisation for substance abuse. The measure of MA concentration levels in the hair may add no benefit for the prediction of the development of MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warot Lamyai
- Nakhon Phanom Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
| | - Kitkawee Pono
- Nakhon Phanom Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
| | - Danai Indrakamhaeng
- Thanyarak Chiang Mai Hospital, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apichat Saengsin
- Galyarajanagarindra Institute, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nakorn Prathom, Thailand
| | - Nartya Songhong
- Songkhla Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Panu Khuwuthyakorn
- Suanprung Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pongruk Sribanditmongkol
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anongphan Junkuy
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Manit Srisurapanont
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Malik E, Adelson M, Sason A, Schreiber S, Peles E. Outcome of Patients With High Depressive Symptoms on Admission to Methadone Maintenance Treatment. J Dual Diagn 2019; 15:281-290. [PMID: 31530109 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2019.1656353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Comorbidity of depression among individuals with opioid addiction is highly prevalent, but their outcome in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is not well determined.Methods: Characteristics and outcomes (retention until December 2017) of newly admitted and already (5.5 ± 4 years) in MMT patients with available Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores on admission were studied.Results: During psychiatric intake on admission, 70 (21.2%) of 330 patients were diagnosed with high depressive symptoms beyond the cutoff (HAM-D scores ≥ 18). Depressed and nondepressed groups had a similar proportion of females (20% and 23.8%) and age at admission (43.0 ± 10.5 and 43.7 ± 10.4 years), but the depressed group had higher Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores (21.4 ± 8.6 vs. 7.0 ± 7.3, respectively; p < .0005), a higher proportion of minority (non-Jewish faith; 28.6% vs.15.4%; p =.02), and a higher proportion of positive urine screening results for cocaine (55.7% vs. 34.4%; p = .001) and for benzodiazepines on admission (74.3% vs. 57.5%; p = .01). Retention after 1 year was similar (79% and 80.7%), but depressed patients had higher rates of cocaine (40.8% vs. 25.5%; p = .05) and benzodiazepine use (59.2% vs. 41.8%; p = .04) and a shorter cumulative retention (5.6 years, 95% confidence interval [CI; 4.3, 7.0]) than the nondepressed patients (6.8 years, 95% CI [6.1, 7.5]; p = .05). Of the 263 evaluated while already in MMT, 23.5% were depressed, characterized with more females (43.5% vs. 23.4%) and with a history of rape (34.5% vs. 7.6%).Conclusions: Newly admitted depressed and nondepressed patients succeeded similarly in the first year retention in treatment, despite their cocaine and benzodiazepine co-abuse. The depression was characterized with females and with rape history in those who were already in MMT. Adequate intervention is recommended for both depressed groups to improve long-term retention and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Malik
- Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Miriam Adelson
- Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Sason
- Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shaul Schreiber
- Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Peles
- Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ellway D, Reilly R, Le Couteur A, Ward J. Exploring How People Affected by Methamphetamine Exchange Social Support Through Online Interactions on Facebook: Content Analysis. JMIR Ment Health 2019; 6:e14011. [PMID: 31573926 PMCID: PMC6774572 DOI: 10.2196/14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine is an illicit and addictive psychostimulant that remains to be a significant cause of economic burden in Australia. Social media is increasingly being used by nongovernment organizations and health services to encourage the growth of social support networks among people with health-related issues. Several studies have investigated the utility of social media in providing social support to groups of people with health-related issues. However, limited research exists that explores how people who have been directly or indirectly affected by methamphetamine use social media for social support. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the types of social support being sought and provided by people affected by methamphetamine when interacting with others on a Facebook page. METHODS A total of 14,777 posts were collected from a Facebook page and transferred into an Excel document for content analysis. The posts were manually coded into categories of social support using an adapted version of Cutrona and Suhr's Social Support Behavior Code. Posts could be coded into more than one category. Saturation was reached at 2000 posts, which were used to draw inferences. RESULTS Emotional support was the most offered support type, with 42.05% (841/2000) of posts providing this form of support. This is followed by esteem support, which was provided in 40.40% (808/2000) of posts. Overall, 24.20% (484/2000) of posts offered informational support. Network support and tangible support were the least offered support types, with 2.25% (45/2000) and 1.70% (34/2000) of posts offering these types of support, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that online social support groups can be effective in challenging stigma by encouraging people affected by methamphetamine to connect with each other and talk about their struggles. This in turn represents an important step toward successful rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ellway
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachel Reilly
- Infection and Immunity Aboriginal Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amanda Le Couteur
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Ward
- Infection and Immunity Aboriginal Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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49
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Mann A, Wagstaff C. Psychosocial treatment for methamphetamine use and the associated mental health symptoms. ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/add-11-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Methamphetamine users commonly experience induced methamphetamine associated mental health symptoms. Currently, psychosocial treatment is implemented to reduce use; however, to date, the effectiveness of psychosocial treatment in methamphetamine use and the associated mental health symptoms has not been reviewed. The paper aims to discuss this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review was performed by searching databases (PubMed, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO and CINAHL) and following clear inclusion/exclusion criteria.
Findings
In total, 12 studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, measuring a variety of psychosocial interventions and measuring a variety of different mental health outcomes. Decreased methamphetamine use was observed in the five studies which recorded this.
Research limitations/implications
Most studies in this review were preliminary trials and only three were RCTs. Additionally, methamphetamine use is a particular problem in Japan and is becoming more prevalent in Europe, yet neither primary nor secondary searching identified papers from these regions.
Practical implications
While the findings may not provide sufficient supporting evidence to instigate changes in clinical practice, this work should be developed further, as it is clear that psychosocial interventions can be successful in treating this population.
Social implications
This review demonstrates that psychosocial treatments can improve symptoms associated with methamphetamine use. Reduction in mental health symptoms has been shown to attract individuals to drug use treatment and thus indirectly reducing methamphetamine use.
Originality/value
Given the consequences of methamphetamine for individuals and communities treatment options must be explored. A review of psychosocial interventions in the treatment of methamphetamine use and associated mental health symptoms had not been done previously. This review provides a foundation for further research.
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Peck Y, Clough AR, Culshaw PN, Liddell MJ. Multi-drug cocktails: Impurities in commonly used illicit drugs seized by police in Queensland, Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 201:49-57. [PMID: 31181437 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impurities in commonly used illicit drugs raise concerns for unwitting consumers when pharmacologically active adulterants, especially new psychoactive substances (NPS), are used. This study examines impurities detected in illicit drugs seized in one Australian jurisdiction. METHODS Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services provided analytical data. Data described the chemical composition of 9346 samples of 11 illicit drugs seized by police during 2015-2016. Impurities present in primary drugs were summarized and tabulated. A systematic search for published evidence reporting similar analyses was conducted. RESULTS Methamphetamine was the primary drug in 6608 samples, followed by MDMA (1232 samples) and cocaine (516 samples). Purity of primary drugs ranged from ∼30% for cocaine, 2-CB and GHB to >90% for THC, methamphetamine, heroin and MDMA. Methamphetamine and MDMA contained the largest variety of impurities: 22 and 18 variants, respectively. Drug adulteration patterns were broadly similar to those found elsewhere, including NPS, but in some primary drugs impurities were found which had not been reported elsewhere. Psychostimulants were adulterated with each other. Levamisole was a common impurity in cocaine. Psychedelics were adulterated with methamphetamine and NPS. Opioids were quite pure, but some samples contained methamphetamine and synthetic opioids. CONCLUSIONS Impurities detected were mostly pharmacologically active adulterants probably added to enhance desired effects or for active bulking. Given the designer nature of these drug cocktails, the effects of the adulterated drugs on users from possible complex multi-drug interactions is unpredictable. Awareness-raising among users, research into complex multi-drug effects and ongoing monitoring is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Peck
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Alan R Clough
- College of Public Health, Medical and Vet Sciences, James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter N Culshaw
- Forensic Chemistry, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, 4108, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Liddell
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
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