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Tucker JA, Cheong J, Stinson LA, Chandler SD. Relationship between drinking risk and preferences for helping resources among emerging adults living in disadvantaged communities in the Southeastern United States. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:539-546. [PMID: 37565459 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to campus-based alcohol interventions for college students, services for emerging adult (EA) risky drinkers who reside off-campus in disadvantaged communities are not well established. This web survey assessed drinking practices, problems, and preferences for professional and lay helping resources spanning digital and in-person formats among community-dwelling EAs to guide services for them and determine whether drinking risk levels varied by preferences for help. Digital respondent-driven sampling recruited EA risky drinkers from disadvantaged communities (N = 356; M age = 23.6 years, 64.0% women, 77.4% employed, 64.9% residing in impoverished areas above the US average, 53.5% income < $20k/year). A web survey assessed participants' drinking practices and problems, including alcohol use disorder symptoms, and help-seeking preferences for smartphone apps; online help; in-person help from doctors, clinics, teachers, and school programs; mutual help groups; and help from friends and family. Preferences were related to participant drinking risks using generalized linear modeling. Modeling results showed that risk levels were related to help-seeking preferences. EAs reporting more negative consequences preferred smartphone apps and help from friends, whereas EAs reporting fewer negative consequences and drinking days preferred professional in-person help (Ps < 0.05). Although >90% fulfilled alcohol use disorder diagnostic criteria, <4% had received an alcohol-related intervention. EAs who are riskier drinkers appear less likely to use professional resources in favor of informal and online resources that allow greater anonymity. Findings can guide services for this underserved population that are responsive to drinker risk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalie A Tucker
- Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - JeeWon Cheong
- Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lesleigh A Stinson
- Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Susan D Chandler
- Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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2
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Kumar PCP, Antony S, Murthy P, Thirumoorthy A, Philip M. Relationship of personality, psychological distress, and substance use with social network characteristics of college going young adults. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:832-838. [PMID: 37736229 PMCID: PMC10510637 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_182_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Causes of substance use are multifactorial. Factors such as personality, psychological distress, and the person's social ties contribute to the understanding of substance use problems of college students. Aim The current study aimed to investigate the association between personality traits and psychological distress with ego-centric social networks of substance-using and non-using college students. Method This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 902 undergraduate students from the government (n = 2) and government-aided (n = 9) colleges. The socio-demographic data sheet, Big Five Personality Inventory, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, and the semi-structured Ego-centric Social Network Questionnaire were used to collect data. Results Of 902 participants, 26.9% of participants used substances. The mean score of anxiety (P < 0.002) and depression (P < 0.002) was significantly higher among the substance users compared with non-users. Agreeableness (P < 0.001) and conscientiousness (P < 0.001) scores were significantly higher among non-users. Depression (P < 0.01), anxiety (P < 0.01), and stress (P < 0.01) correlated positively with the total number of substance users in the network. Agreeableness (P < 0.01) and conscientiousness (P < 0.01) were positively correlated with parents and siblings in the network. Stress emerged as a predictor (OR 1.61, CI 1.09-3.04, P < 0.001) for considering substance users to the social network. Conclusion Personality and psychological distress are associated with an individual's social network and significantly contribute to student substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS Medical College Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sojan Antony
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Addiction Medicine, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Mariamma Philip
- Department of Biostatistics, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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3
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Pradeep Kumar P C, Antony S, Murthy P, Thirumoorthy A, Philip M. Association of Social Network Characteristics with Substance Use among College-Going Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:155-161. [PMID: 36925503 PMCID: PMC10011842 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221148971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Family members, peers, and significant others are part of a college student's social network. This cross-sectional study aimed to Assess substance use prevalence and patterns among college students,Compare the social network characteristics of substance users (SUs) and non-users (NUs), andExplore the association of social factors with substance use. Methods The study involved 902 students from 11 Government and aided private degree colleges. Demographic and clinical data sheet, ASSIST, and Social Network Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Results Prevalence of substance use was 26.9% and higher among males (21.5%). Alcohol (20%) and tobacco (15.5%) were the commonly used substances. SUs' network was composed of unmarried persons (p<0.002), male members (p<0.001), and friends (p<0.001) with substance use. In contrast, the NUs' network comprised parents (p<0.016) and siblings (p<0.001). NUs had a higher number of influential members in the network, whereas SUs had more closeness with members and received higher financial support (p<0.001). Participant's age (OR 1.27), family history of substance use (OR 2.46), parents' occupation (Business: OR 1.79, being employee in the government or industry: OR 1.76),and having three substance-using members in the network (OR .211) were found to be risk factors. Conclusion Social network has an association with substance use among college students. Social-network-based interventions may benefit them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar P C
- Psychiatric Social Work, Dept. of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sojan Antony
- Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A Thirumoorthy
- Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mariamma Philip
- Dept. of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Haywood D, Pantaleo A, Mullan BA, Heslop KR, Baughman FD. Do Dimensional Measures of Mental Health Symptoms Predict Level of Alcohol Involvement in the General Population? Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:629-636. [PMID: 36790047 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2177962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is a limited understanding of what specific mental health symptoms are associated to alcohol involvement. It is important to understand how the severity of different mental health dimensions may differ, and distinguish between, levels of alcohol involvement. Objectives: (a) explore for differences in severity of mental health symptoms between those with lower, and moderate/high alcohol involvement, (b) assess the degree to which mental health dimensions can distinguish between those with lower, and moderate/high alcohol involvement, and (c) examine what mental health dimensions are related to the highest risk of moderate/high alcohol involvement. Results: 400 participants representative of the general population in the USA were recruited online through Prolific and completed the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test and Brief Symptom Inventory. Each of the nine mental health symptom dimensions significantly differed between lower and moderate/high alcohol involvement, with the moderate/high alcohol involvement group reporting greater severity symptoms. The nine symptom dimensions in combination also significantly distinguished lower and moderate/high alcohol involvement, however only somatization offered unique predictive utility. Lastly, global distress was also able to significantly distinguish the alcohol involvement groups, albeit to a lesser accuracy compared to the collection of individual symptom dimensions. Conclusions: These findings suggest that overall mental health distress may be important to understanding alcohol involvement, however individual symptom dimensions can add further explanatory variance. In particular, somatic symptoms may offer unique utility in understanding the relationship between mental health and alcohol involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Haywood
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Pantaleo
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,WA Cancer Prevention Research Unit, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Barbara A Mullan
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,WA Cancer Prevention Research Unit, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Karen R Heslop
- Curtin School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Frank D Baughman
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Kennedy DP, D'Amico EJ, Brown RA, Palimaru AI, Dickerson DL, Johnson CL, Lopez A. Feasibility and acceptability of incorporating social network visualizations into a culturally centered motivational network intervention to prevent substance use among urban Native American emerging adults: a qualitative study. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2022; 17:53. [PMID: 36180896 PMCID: PMC9523629 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-022-00334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coupling social network visualizations with Motivational Interviewing in substance use interventions has been shown to be acceptable and feasible in several pilot tests, and has been associated with changes in participants’ substance use and social networks. The objective of this study was to assess acceptability and feasibility of an adaptation of this behavior change approach into a culturally centered behavior change intervention for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) emerging adults living in urban areas. AI/AN populations experience high rates of health disparities and substance use. Although 70% of AI/AN people live outside of tribal lands, there are few culturally tailored health interventions for these AI/AN populations. Social networks can both increase and discourage substance use. Leveraging healthy social networks and increasing protective factors among urban AI/AN emerging adults may help increase resilience. Methods We conducted thirteen focus groups with 91 male and female participants (32 urban AI/AN emerging adults ages 18–25, 26 parents, and 33 providers) and one pilot test of the three workshop sessions with 15 AI/AN emerging adults. Focus group participants provided feedback on a proposed workshop-based intervention curriculum that combined group Motivational Interviewing (MI) and social network visualizations. Pilot workshop participants viewed their own social networks during group MI sessions focused on substance use and traditional practices and discussed their reactions to viewing and discussing their networks during these sessions. We used a combination of open coding of focus group and workshop session transcripts to identify themes across the group sessions and content analysis of comments entered into an online social network interview platform to assess the extent that participants had an intuitive understanding of the information conveyed through network diagrams. Results Focus group and pilot test participants reacted positively to the intervention content and approach and provided constructive feedback on components that should be changed. Themes that emerged included feasibility, acceptability, relevance, understandability, and usefulness of viewing personal network visualizations and discussing social networks during group MI workshops. Workshop participants demonstrated an intuitive understanding of network concepts (network composition and structure) when viewing their diagrams for the first time. Conclusions Social network visualizations are a promising tool for increasing awareness of social challenges and sources of resilience for urban AI/AN emerging adults. Coupled with Motivational Interviewing in a group context, social network visualizations may enhance discussions of network influences on substance use and engagement in traditional practices. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04617938. Registered October 26, 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Kennedy
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St., 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA.
| | | | - Ryan A Brown
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St., 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Alina I Palimaru
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St., 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Daniel L Dickerson
- UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior David Geffen School of Medicine, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Ste. 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Carrie L Johnson
- Sacred Path Indigenous Wellness Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Anthony Lopez
- Sacred Path Indigenous Wellness Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
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Viera A, Sosnowy CD, van den Berg JJ, Mehta NA, Edelman EJ, Kershaw T, Chan PA. Substance Use Treatment Engagement among Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Use Stimulants in the Northeastern United States. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:595-602. [PMID: 35068332 PMCID: PMC9343172 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2026965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulant use is increasing in the United States (U.S.), especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). Objectives: We sought to ascertain barriers and facilitators to substance use treatment utilization among MSM who use stimulants in the northeastern U.S. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with MSM who reported recent stimulant use. Interviews explored perceptions of and experiences with substance use treatment. We used thematic analysis to identify factors that facilitated or impeded substance use treatment engagement. Results: We interviewed 21 MSM in Providence, Rhode Island (n = 15) and New Haven, Connecticut (n = 6). Most participants identified as White (57.1%) and gay (52.4%). Over half (52.4%) screened positive for stimulant use disorder. We identified themes in how participants defined, entered, and engaged in substance use treatment. Participants described treatment to include a variety of modalities, including self-help and peer support groups; they defined treatment as an iterative process. Social networks played both a supportive and obstructive role in treatment entry depending on the relationships and approaches of network members. Meanwhile, social connection during treatment could be both therapeutic (reducing isolation) and counterproductive (precipitating cravings to use). Participants generally expressed a desire for harm reduction approaches to treatment over abstinence-only ones. Finally, participants did not find treatment responsive to their needs as MSM. Conclusion: This study highlights key barriers and facilitators to substance use treatment engagement and underscores the urgent need for culturally-responsive treatment programs that employ harm reduction approaches and are tailored to the unique circumstances of MSM who use stimulants. UNLABELLED Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2022.2026965.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Viera
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Collette D Sosnowy
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jacob J van den Berg
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Providence/Boston Center for AIDS Research, Rhode Island, USA.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikita A Mehta
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - E Jennifer Edelman
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Trace Kershaw
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Philip A Chan
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Providence/Boston Center for AIDS Research, Rhode Island, USA
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Tucker JA, Lindstrom K, Chandler SD, Bacon JP, Cheong J. Behavioral economic indicators of risky drinking among community-dwelling emerging adults. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2021; 35:415-423. [PMID: 33630617 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Behavioral economic (BE) approaches to understanding and reducing risky drinking among college students are well established, but little is known about the generalizability of prior findings to peers who currently are not traditional college students and are more difficult to reach for assessment and intervention. This cross-sectional survey investigated whether drinking practices and negative consequences were associated with greater alcohol demand, alcohol reward value, and delay discounting in this target population. Method: Community-dwelling emerging adult drinkers aged 21 to 29 (N = 357) were recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling adapted to a digital platform (Mage = 23.6 years, 64% women). Peers recruited peers in an iterative fashion. Participants completed a web-based survey of drinking practices, negative alcohol-related consequences, and BE measures of alcohol demand, alcohol reward value, and delay discounting. Results: Regression analyses supported the study hypotheses. Higher alcohol demand (intensity and elasticity) predicted higher drinks per drinking day, more past-month drinking days, and more negative consequences. Higher alcohol reward value (discretionary alcohol spending and alcohol-involved activities) and stronger preference for sooner smaller versus later larger rewards predicted select drinking risk variables in the hypothesized direction (p < .05). Conclusions: BE risk characteristics were generalized to community-dwelling emerging adult risky drinkers, with the most consistent associations found between alcohol demand and drinking risk measures. The findings lay a foundation for extending successful BE interventions with college drinkers to this underserved population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalie A Tucker
- Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida
| | - Katie Lindstrom
- Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida
| | - Susan D Chandler
- Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida
| | - Joseph P Bacon
- Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida
| | - JeeWon Cheong
- Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida
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8
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Hadjikou A, Pantavou K, Pavlitina E, Pavlopoulou ID, Economou M, Christaki E, Lamnisos D, Kostaki EG, Paraskevis D, Schneider J, Talias M, Friedman SR, Nikolopoulos GK. Sociometric Risk Network Structure, HIV Prevalence, and Drug Injection-Related Norms among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Athens, Greece. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1190-1201. [PMID: 33975493 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1914103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Structural properties of sociometric networks have been associated with behaviors related to HIV transmission. Very few studies, however, have explored the correlation between sociometric network factors and drug injection-related norms. Methods: This exploratory work: (i) describes basic structural qualities of a sociometric risk network of participants in the Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP) in Athens, Greece, in the context of a large HIV outbreak among people who inject drugs (PWID); (ii) measures HIV prevalence within specific structures within the sociometric risk network of PWID in TRIP; and (iii) explores the association of structural properties of the sociometric risk network in TRIP with drug injection-related norms. Results: The sociometric risk network in TRIP consisted of a large component (n = 241, 67.8%), a few small components (n = 36, 10.1%) with 2-10 individuals each, and some isolates (n = 79, 22.2%). HIV prevalence was significantly higher in the large component (55.6%), the 2-core (59.1%) and 3-core (66.3%) of the large component, and the 3-cliques of the cores. Drug injection-related norms were significantly associated with structural characteristics of the sociometric risk network. A safe behavioral pattern (use of unclean cooker/filter/rinse water was never encouraged) was significantly (p = 0.03) less normative among people who TRIP participants of the 2-core injected with (40.5%) than among network contacts of TRIP participants outside the 2-core (55.6%). On the contrary, at drug-using venues, 2-core members reported that safer behaviors were normative compared to what was reported by those without 2-core membership. Conclusions: Sociometric network data can give useful insights into HIV transmission dynamics and inform prevention strategies.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2021.1914103 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Hadjikou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Ioanna D Pavlopoulou
- Pediatric Research Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Economou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Demetris Lamnisos
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evangelia-Georgia Kostaki
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Paraskevis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John Schneider
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago Medical Center, Center for AIDS Elimination, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Talias
- Healthcare Management Postgraduate Program, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Samuel R Friedman
- Department of Population Health, NYU Medical School, New York City, New York, USA.,National Development and Research Institutes, New York City, New York, USA
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Cheong J, Lindstrom K, Chandler SD, Bacon JP, Tucker JA. Social Network Feedback and Drinking Outcomes among Emerging Adult Risky Drinkers Living in Urban Communities. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1989-1996. [PMID: 34429032 PMCID: PMC8935916 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1963985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alcohol use and related problems often increase during emerging adulthood and are influenced by social networks. Investigating alcohol-specific feedback from network members may be useful for understanding social influences and designing interventions to reduce risky drinking among emerging adults.Purpose/Objectives: This study examined whether drinking practices and consequences among emerging adult risky drinkers living in disadvantaged urban communities were influenced by receipt of encouragement, discouragement, or mixed messages about drinking from network members. METHODS Risky drinkers ages 21-29 (N = 356; 228 females; mean age = 23.6 years) residing in the community were recruited using digitally implemented Respondent Driven Sampling, a peer-driven chain referral method. A web-based survey assessed drinking practices, negative alcohol-related consequences, and drinking feedback from social network members including friends, spouse/partner, and other family members. RESULTS Negative binomial generalized linear modeling showed that discouragement of drinking by friends was associated with fewer drinking days and negative consequences, whereas discouragement by family members (excluding spouse/partner) was associated with more drinks per drinking day. Mixed feedback (sometimes encouraging, sometimes discouraging drinking) from friends and spouse/partner was associated with more drinking days and negative consequences.Conclusions/Importance: Social network feedback had both risk and protective associations with drinking practices and problems among emerging adults, with discouragement to drink by friends appearing to serve a protective function. The findings suggest the utility of interventions delivered through social networks that amplify the natural protective function of friend discouragement of drinking, in addition to addressing established risks associated with peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeeWon Cheong
- Department of Health Education and Behavior and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Katie Lindstrom
- Department of Health Education and Behavior and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Susan D Chandler
- Department of Health Education and Behavior and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph P Bacon
- Department of Health Education and Behavior and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jalie A Tucker
- Department of Health Education and Behavior and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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10
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Yoshioka-Maxwell A. Social Work in Action: Social Connectedness and Homelessness Amidst a Pandemic: Are the Social Impacts of Quarantine on Homeless Populations Being Adequately Addressed? HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2020; 79:329-331. [PMID: 33205051 PMCID: PMC7668111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Yoshioka-Maxwell
- Department of Social Work, Myron B. Thompson School of Social Work, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
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11
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Tucker JA, Bacon JP, Chandler SD, Lindstrom K, Cheong J. Utility of digital Respondent Driven Sampling to recruit community-dwelling emerging adults for assessment of drinking and related risks. Addict Behav 2020; 110:106536. [PMID: 32711287 PMCID: PMC7329684 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging adulthood often entails heightened risk-taking, including risky drinking, and research is needed to guide intervention development and delivery. This study adapted Respondent Driven Sampling, a peer-driven recruitment method, to a digital platform (d-RDS) and evaluated its utility to recruit community-dwelling emerging adult (EA) risky drinkers, who are under-served and more difficult to reach for assessment and intervention than their college student peers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Community-dwelling EA risky drinkers (N = 357) were recruited using d-RDS (M age = 23.6 years, 64.0% women). Peers recruited peers in an iterative fashion. Participants completed a web-based cross-sectional survey of drinking practices and problems and associated risk and protective factors. RESULTS d-RDS successfully recruited EA risky drinkers. On average, the sample reported recent drinking exceeding low-risk drinking guidelines and 8.80 negative consequences in the past three months. Compared to age-matched respondents from the representative U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the sample reported more past month drinking days and more drinks consumed per drinking day (ps < 0.001). At higher consumption levels, predicted positive associations were found with lower education and receipt of public assistance. CONCLUSIONS Results supported the utility of d-RDS as a sampling method and grassroots platform for research and intervention with community-dwelling EA drinkers who are harder to reach than traditional college students. The study provides a method and lays an empirical foundation for extending efficacious alcohol brief interventions with college drinkers to this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalie A Tucker
- University of Florida and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Joseph P Bacon
- University of Florida and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Susan D Chandler
- University of Florida and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Katie Lindstrom
- University of Florida and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - JeeWon Cheong
- University of Florida and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, Gainesville, FL, United States
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12
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Sohler N, Slawek D, Earnshaw V, Jost J, Lee A, Mancini J, Mompremier A, Cunningham CO. Drug use and HIV medication adherence in people living with HIV. Subst Abus 2020; 42:310-316. [PMID: 31951807 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2019.1706695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid and cocaine use epidemics continue to be substantial in the United States and intersect with the HIV epidemic. Antiretroviral medication (ARV) adherence is critical for optimum HIV outcomes. While previous research explored harm reduction strategies to prevent HIV spread for people who use drugs (PWUD), little is known about strategies used by PWUD living with HIV to maintain ARV adherence. Methods: We explored whether PWUD modify their drug use explicitly to maintain ARV adherence, and identified factors associated with this process. We conducted 23 semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using a modified framework analysis approach. Results: Participants had a mean age of 54 years and were predominantly male (70%) and non-Hispanic black (65%). Most described periods of being able to adhere to ARVs while still using drugs, difficulty adhering to ARVs while using drugs, and abstinence/near abstinence from drug use. In exploring factors that influenced changes in drug use and ARV adherence behaviors, we noted consistent acknowledgment of the roles of family, partners, or providers. Conclusions: PWUD living with HIV often modify their drug use to improve ARV adherence. Providers caring for this population might consider family or group education models to encourage harm reduction to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Sohler
- CUNY School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepika Slawek
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Valerie Earnshaw
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - John Jost
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alice Lee
- CUNY School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Mancini
- CUNY School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Chinazo O Cunningham
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Tucker JA, Chandler SD, Cheong J. Predicting HIV testing in low threshold community contexts among young African American women living in the Southern United States. AIDS Care 2019; 32:175-181. [PMID: 31526051 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1668522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Southern U.S. African American women have disproportionately high HIV infection rates, and increasing HIV testing is a prevention priority. Research suggests that optimal testing conditions involve reaching out to community members and offering free tests in private, supportive contexts with minimal delays for results. These conditions were implemented with young African American women (N = 223, M age = 20.4 years) living in disadvantaged areas of a Southern U.S. city to identify participant characteristics associated with test choice. Participants were recruited using Respondent Driven Sampling. Structured field interviews assessed personal and social network characteristics, sexual practices, substance use, and behavioral impulsivity (assessed by a delay discounting task). A free HIV test was then offered, and test choice was the outcome variable. Testing was accepted by 69%, which exceeded the national lifetime test rate for this population by 7.4% (p < .05). All were sero-negative. Test refusal (31%) was associated with poorer educational performance, greater impulsivity (discounting), less social network encouragement to use birth control (ps < .05), and lower engagement in sexual risk behaviors (p < .10). Test choice did not differ by substance involvement. Thus, low threshold community testing promoted acceptance among this priority population, although a minority with specific characteristics likely need additional incentives for test acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalie A Tucker
- Department of Health Education & Behavior and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susan D Chandler
- Department of Health Education & Behavior and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - JeeWon Cheong
- Department of Health Education & Behavior and Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Knox J, Schneider J, Greene E, Nicholson J, Hasin D, Sandfort T. Using social network analysis to examine alcohol use among adults: A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221360. [PMID: 31437257 PMCID: PMC6705782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol use and abuse constitute a major public health problem and identifying their determinants is a priority. Social network analysis can indicate how characteristics of social networks are related to individual health behaviors. A growing number of studies have used social network analysis to examine how social network characteristics influence adult alcohol consumption, but this literature has never been systematically reviewed and summarized. The current paper systematically reviews empirical studies that used social network analysis to assess the influence of social network characteristics on drinking behaviors in adults. Methods A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases and a review of the reference lists of retrieved articles was conducted in March 2019. Two reviewers independently screened 5,510 non-duplicate records, and further screened the full text of 150 articles to determine their eligibility for inclusion. Seventeen articles were judged eligible and included. Results Most studies were conducted among young adults (mean age<30), in university settings or follow up visits with adolescent networks moving into adulthood. The objectives and methods of the included studies were heterogeneous. All included studies reported a statistically significant association between a social network characteristic and an alcohol consumption-related outcome. Social network members drinking behaviors were associated with participants’ drinking behaviors in multiple ways. Discussion In young adults, among whom the majority of identified studies were conducted, with whom they socialize and how they socialize appears to be associated with alcohol consumption; this was observed across methodologies and settings. We still know very little about the relationship of social networks to drinking in older age groups, and in populations most impacted by alcohol. As social networks appear to play a role in the consumption of alcohol in young adulthood, interventions that utilize social networks to help reduce harmful alcohol consumption should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Knox
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John Schneider
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Emily Greene
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Joey Nicholson
- Health Sciences Library, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York United States of America
| | - Deborah Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, NYS Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York United States of America
| | - Theo Sandfort
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, NYS Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York United States of America
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Demir-Dagdas T, Child ST. Religious Affiliation, Informal Participation, and Network Support Associated With Substance Use: Differences Across Age Groups. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 46:656-665. [PMID: 30786755 DOI: 10.1177/1090198119826259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Associations between religious involvement and substance use are well established. However, limited research examines the effects of religious affiliation, informal participation, and network support on substance use among two distinct age cohorts. Objectives. This study aims to examine whether religious affiliation, informal participation, and network support are associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among young and late middle-age adults. Method. The UC Berkeley Social Networks Study (Wave 1, 2015) offers novel cohort data on young (21-30 years old, n = 483) and late middle-age (50-70 years old, n = 673) adults. Poisson regression models were used to predict alcohol use, while logistic regression models were used to predict odds of smoking and marijuana use. Results. Among young adults, membership in a religious organization was associated with less alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. Conversely, participating in informal organizations was associated with more alcohol and marijuana use. Desiring more people to talk to and get together with were associated with more smoking and drinking, respectively. However, wishing more people to ask for help was associated with less substance use altogether. In a similar pattern, among older adults, religious involvement was associated with less alcohol and marijuana use. Desiring more people to ask for help was also related to less marijuana use. Conclusion. Younger adult participation in informal groups serves to encourage social substance use. In contrast, older people are more involved in religious groups, which support social behaviors that do not include substance use.
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West BS. Social Networks of Substance-Using Populations: Key Issues and Promising New Approaches for HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2019; 16:48-56. [PMID: 30659477 PMCID: PMC6420834 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper presents recent literature on substance using networks and HIV, highlighting renewed and emerging themes in the field. The goal is to draw attention to research that holds considerable promise for advancing our understanding of the role of networks in shaping behaviors, while also providing critical information for the development of interventions, programs, and policies to reduce HIV and other drug-related harms. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research advances our understanding of networks and HIV, including among understudied populations, and provides new insight into how risk environments shape the networks and health of substance-using populations. In particular, the integration of network approaches with molecular epidemiology, research on space and place, and intervention methods provides exciting new avenues of investigation. Continued advances in network research are critical to supporting the health and rights of substance-using populations and ensuring the development of high-impact HIV programs and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke S West
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health in the School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Brown S, Victor BG, Dayton CJ, Tracy EM. Maternal and Paternal Warmth Impact Recovery Support and Social Network Composition for Substance Dependent African American and Non-African American Women. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2019; 27:294-304. [PMID: 31474814 PMCID: PMC6716796 DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2018.1515350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poor early relationship experiences during the first 16 years of life may negatively impact adults' capacity to establish and utilize social support (Suchman, McMahon, Slade, & Luthar, 2005). This is especially of concern for women with substance use disorders (SUD) for whom social support is associated with recovery maintenance and treatment retention (Gregoire & Snively, 2001). The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of early relationship experiences, specifically paternal and maternal warmth, on recovery related social support and personal network characteristics among African American (AA) and non-AA women in treatment for SUD. Data were collected from 254 women in substance abuse treatment, 146 AA and 108 non-AA. Ordinal logistic, Poisson or multiple linear regressions were fitted to predict the impact of maternal and paternal warmth during childhood on adult social network composition and recovery support. Greater maternal warmth was associated with greater recovery-specific social support for both AA (β = 0.12) and non-AA (β = 0.15) women. Paternal, but not maternal, warmth significantly predicted the number of social network members who supported recovery for non-AA women (AOR = 1.04), and number of network members who used drugs and alcohol for AA women (IRR = 0.99). Developmental experiences associated with fathers appear to affect different domains of adult functioning than those associated with mothers, and those effects are different for AA versus non-AA women. Attention to these differences may inform culturally relevant substance abuse prevention and treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolyn J. Dayton
- Wayne State University School of Social Work
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute
| | - Elizabeth M. Tracy
- Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University
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18
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Cheong J, Tucker JA, Chandler SD. Reasons for Accepting and Declining Free HIV Testing and Counseling Among Young African American Women Living in Disadvantaged Southern Urban Communities. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2019; 33:25-31. [PMID: 30328693 PMCID: PMC6338458 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2018.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing HIV prevention and treatment among at-risk Southern communities of color requires understanding why voluntary HIV testing is accepted or declined. Reasons for testing decisions were investigated among young African American women (n = 223, mean age = 20.4 years) recruited from disadvantaged areas in a Southern US city. A free HIV test was offered following field interviews that assessed HIV risk behaviors and personal and social network characteristics; 69.1% accepted testing, and all were seronegative. After their decision, participants rated reasons for their choice, which were factor analyzed. A four-factor solution showed that test acceptance was related to (1) current sexual relationships and HIV risk concerns, (2) knowledge of HIV medical treatment benefits, (3) awareness of persons living with HIV, and (4) health protection and HIV test convenience. A three-factor solution showed that test refusal was related to (1) negative consequences of a positive test and privacy concerns, (2) low perception of HIV risk, and (3) anticipated social rejection if the test was positive. Comparisons of factor-based average item scores showed that health protection/HIV test convenience was rated as most influential in test acceptance decisions, whereas low perception of HIV risks was rated as most influential in test rejection decisions. The findings suggest that test acceptance can be promoted by offering free, convenient HIV testing as a health check in a testing context that assesses and provides feedback about participants' HIV risk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeeWon Cheong
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville. Florida
| | - Jalie A. Tucker
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville. Florida
| | - Susan D. Chandler
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville. Florida
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19
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Assari S, Mistry R, Caldwell CH, Zimmerman MA. Marijuana Use and Depressive Symptoms; Gender Differences in African American Adolescents. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2135. [PMID: 30505287 PMCID: PMC6250838 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to examine gender differences in the bidirectional associations between marijuana use and depressive symptoms among African American adolescents. The study also tested gender differences in the effects of socioeconomic status, maternal support, and friends' drug use on adolescents' depressive symptoms and marijuana use. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Flint Adolescent Study (FAS). Six hundred and eighty one African American adolescents (335 males and 346 females) were followed for 3 years, from 1995 (mean age 16) to 1997 (mean age 19). Depressive symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory) and marijuana use were measured annually during the follow up. We used multi-group latent growth curve modeling to explore the reciprocal associations between depressive symptoms and marijuana use over time based on gender. Results: Baseline marijuana use was predictive of an increase in depressive symptoms over time among male but not female African American adolescents. Baseline depressive symptoms were not predictive of an increase in marijuana use among male or female adolescents. Conclusion: Study findings suggest that male African American adolescents who use marijuana are at an increased risk of subsequent depressive symptoms. Interventions that combine screening and treatment for marijuana use and depression may be indicated for African American male adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ritesh Mistry
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marc A. Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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20
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Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Social Cognitive Scales Related to Substance Use Behavior in Iranian Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS AND ADDICTION 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.67604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Desalu JM, Zaso MJ, Kim J, Belote JM, Park A. Interaction between ADH1B*3 and alcohol-facilitating social environments in alcohol behaviors among college students of african descent. Am J Addict 2018; 26:349-356. [PMID: 28494133 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although alcohol-facilitating social environmental factors, such as alcohol offers and high perceived peer drinking norms, have been extensively studied as determinants of college drinking, their role among college students of African descent remains understudied. Furthermore, gene-environment interaction research suggests that the effects of alcohol-facilitating environments may differ as a function of genetic factors. Specifically, the alcohol dehydrogenase gene's ADH1B*3 allele, found almost exclusively in persons of African descent, may modulate the association of risky social environments with alcohol behaviors. The current study examined whether the ADH1B*3 allele attenuated the relationship between alcohol-facilitating environments (ie, alcohol offers and perceived peer drinking norms) and alcohol behaviors. METHOD Participants were 241 undergraduate students who self-identified as being of African descent (mean age = 20 years [SD = 4.11]; 66% female). RESULTS Significant interaction effects of ADH1B*3 with alcohol offers were found on alcohol use frequency (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.14) and on drinking consequences (IRR = 1.21). ADH1B*3 also interacted with perceived peer norms on drinking consequences (IRR = 1.41). Carriers of the ADH1B*3 allele drank less frequently and experienced fewer negative consequences than non-carriers when exposed to lower levels of alcohol offers and perceived peer drinking. In contrast, in high alcohol-facilitating environments, no protective genetic effect was observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that ADH1B*3 may protect college students of African descent against alcohol outcomes, although only in low alcohol-facilitating environments. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Findings add to the growing body of knowledge regarding genetic and social determinants of alcohol behaviors among college students of African descent. (Am J Addict 2017;26:349-356).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Desalu
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Michelle J Zaso
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Jueun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - John M Belote
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Aesoon Park
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
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Mericle AA, Kaskutas LA, Polcin DL, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Independent and Interactive Effects of Neighborhood Disadvantage and Social Network Characteristics on Problem Drinking after Treatment. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 37:1-21. [PMID: 29657357 DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2018.37.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Socioecological approaches to public health problems like addiction emphasize the importance of person-environment interactions. Neighborhood and social network characteristics may influence the likelihood of relapse among individuals in recovery, but these factors have been understudied, particularly with respect to conceptualizing social network characteristics as moderators of neighborhood disadvantage. Drawing from a larger prospective study of individuals recruited from outpatient treatment (N=451) and interviewed 1, 3, 5, and 7 years later, the aim of this study was to examine the independent and interactive effects of neighborhood and social network characteristics on continued problem drinking after treatment. Models using generalized estimating equations controlling for demographic and other risk factors found the number of heavy drinkers in one's network increases risk of relapse, with the effects being significantly stronger among those living in disadvantaged neighborhoods than among those in non-disadvantaged neighborhoods. No independent effects were found for neighborhood disadvantage or for the number of network members supporting reduced drinking. Future research is needed to examine potential protective factors in neighborhoods which may offset socioeconomic disadvantage as well as to investigate the functions that network members serve in helping to improve long-term treatment outcomes.
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Muller AE, Skurtveit S, Clausen T. Building abstinent networks is an important resource in improving quality of life. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:431-438. [PMID: 28988006 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate changes in social network and quality of life of a substance use disorder cohort as they progressed through treatment. DESIGN Multi-site, prospective, observational study of 338 adults entering substance use disorder treatment. SETTING Patients at 21 facilities across Norway contributed baseline data when they initiated treatment, and follow-up data was collected from them one year later. METHODS The cohort was divided into those who completed, dropped out, and remained in treatment one year after treatment initiation. For each treatment status group, general linear models with repeated measures analyzed global and social quality of life with the generic QOL10 instrument over time. The between-group factor was a change in social network variable from the EuropASI. FINDINGS Those who gained an abstinent network reported the largest quality of life improvements. Improvements were smallest or negligible for the socially isolated and those who were no longer in contact with the treatment system. CONCLUSIONS Developing an abstinent network is particularly important to improve the quality of life of those in substance use disorder treatment. Social isolation is a risk factor for impaired quality of life throughout the treatment course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Elizabeth Muller
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Svetlana Skurtveit
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Heath, Norway
| | - Thomas Clausen
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Barman-Adhikari A, Craddock J, Bowen E, Das R, Rice E. The Relative Influence of Injunctive and Descriptive Social Norms on Methamphetamine, Heroin, and Injection Drug Use Among Homeless Youths: The Impact of Different Referent Groups. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042617726080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study assessed the relative influence of both injunctive and descriptive norms in the context of different referent groups (i.e., family, street peers, home-based peers, and staff members) on past 30-day methamphetamine, heroin, and injection drug use behaviors of homeless youth. Cross-sectional data ( N = 911) were collected from three drop-in centers in Los Angeles, California. The study consisted of two parts: a social network interview and a computerized self-administered survey. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the association of objection to drug use from referent groups (injunctive norms; that is, street-based peers, home-based peers, relatives, staff members) and drug use of referent groups (descriptive norms) with youths’ substance use behaviors. Multivariate results indicated that the role of injunctive and descriptive norms varied across the three substance use behaviors and by referent group. Findings indicate the need to carefully consider the diversity of homeless youths’ networks in designing substance use interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rohan Das
- Creighton University, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Eric Rice
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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25
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Au V, Frendo M, Mericle AA. Offsetting the Effects of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Problem Drinking. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 45:678-684. [PMID: 28943675 PMCID: PMC5604867 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.21881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Residence in disadvantaged neighborhoods can amplify individual risk for adverse health conditions, including substance use disorders. Using data from a probability sample of problem drinkers in Northern California (N=616) interviewed at baseline and re-interviewed one year later, this study examines whether social support can buffer negative effects of neighborhood disadvantage on problem drinking. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood increased the likelihood of problem drinking at follow-up (OR=2.33, p=0.015). Although baseline support for reducing drinking was unrelated to problem drinking at follow-up, there was a significant interaction between neighborhood disadvantage and support. Among those living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, baseline support significantly decreased the likelihood of problem drinking at follow-up (OR=0.19, p=0.048). Bolstering indigenous community resources where residents can interact with others in recovery or that foster sober activities may offset individual risk. Research is needed to determine whether this may also produce second-order neighborhood change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Au
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute
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26
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Sadler BE, Grant JD, Duncan AE, Sartor CE, Waldron M, Heath AC, Bucholz KK. The Influence of Paternal Separation, Paternal History of Alcohol Use Disorder Risk, and Early Substance Use on Offspring Educational Attainment by Young Adulthood. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:426-434. [PMID: 28499110 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the associations among paternal alcohol problems, separation, and educational attainment in European American and African American offspring and whether offspring early alcohol/tobacco/marijuana use influenced these associations. METHOD Families with offspring ages 13-19 years at intake were selected from state birth records and screened by telephone to determine high-risk or low-risk status (with/without paternal heavy drinking). Families of men with two or more driving-under-the-influence offenses were added as a very-high-risk group. Data from 340 African American and 288 European American offspring who were not enrolled in school at their last interview were analyzed. Educational attainment was modeled as less than high school, high school only (reference category), and some college or higher. Separation was defined as offspring report of not having lived continuously in the same household with their biological father from birth to age 14. Analyses were stratified by race. RESULTS In European Americans, neither family risk status nor early alcohol/tobacco/marijuana use was associated with educational outcomes. However, paternal separation significantly elevated the likelihood of not completing high school in all models (relative risk ratios [RRRs] = 6.0-8.1, p <.001). For African American offspring, likelihoods of high school noncompletion were elevated marginally for paternal separation in only one model, but significantly for early marijuana use (RRRs = 2.8-3.2, p < .05). Very-high-risk status significantly reduced the likelihood of post-high school education in an adjusted model (RRR = 0.4, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS High school noncompletion was significantly associated with paternal separation in European Americans and with early marijuana use in African American offspring. In addition, very-high-risk status reduced the likelihood of post-high school education in African American offspring only, suggesting that research with ethnically diverse samples yields important differences when examining outcomes of both separation and substance use on offspring education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Sadler
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julia D Grant
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexis E Duncan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Mary Waldron
- Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Linton SL, Haley DF, Hunter-Jones J, Ross Z, Cooper HLF. Social causation and neighborhood selection underlie associations of neighborhood factors with illicit drug-using social networks and illicit drug use among adults relocated from public housing. Soc Sci Med 2017; 185:81-90. [PMID: 28554162 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Theories of social causation and social influence, which posit that neighborhood and social network characteristics are distal causes of substance use, are frequently used to interpret associations among neighborhood characteristics, social network characteristics and substance use. These associations are also hypothesized to result from selection processes, in which substance use determines where people live and who they interact with. The potential for these competing selection mechanisms to co-occur has been underexplored among adults. This study utilizes path analysis to determine the paths that relate census tract characteristics (e.g., economic deprivation), social network characteristics (i.e., having ≥ 1 illicit drug-using network member) and illicit drug use, among 172 African American adults relocated from public housing in Atlanta, Georgia and followed from 2009 to 2014 (7 waves). Individual and network-level characteristics were captured using surveys. Census tract characteristics were created using administrative data. Waves 1 (pre-relocation), 2 (1st wave post-relocation), and 7 were analyzed. When controlling for individual-level sociodemographic factors, residing in census tracts with prior economic disadvantage was significantly associated with illicit drug use at wave 1; illicit drug use at wave 1 was significantly associated with living in economically-disadvantaged census tracts at wave 2; and violent crime at wave 2 was associated with illicit drug-using social network members at wave 7. Findings from this study support theories that describe social causation and neighborhood selection processes as explaining relationships of neighborhood characteristics with illicit drug use and illicit drug-using social networks. Policies that improve local economic and social conditions of neighborhoods may discourage substance use. Future studies should further identify the barriers that prevent substance users from obtaining housing in less disadvantaged neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabriya L Linton
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Danielle F Haley
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Rd CB#7030, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Josalin Hunter-Jones
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zev Ross
- ZevRoss Spatial Analysis, 120 N Aurora Street, Suite 3A, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Hannah L F Cooper
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Murphy JG, Dennhardt AA. The behavioral economics of young adult substance abuse. Prev Med 2016; 92:24-30. [PMID: 27151545 PMCID: PMC5085883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and drug use peaks during young adulthood and can interfere with critical developmental tasks and set the stage for chronic substance misuse and associated social, educational, and health-related outcomes. There is a need for novel, theory-based approaches to guide substance abuse prevention efforts during this critical developmental period. This paper discusses the particular relevance of behavioral economic theory to young adult alcohol and drug misuse, and reviews of available literature on prevention and intervention strategies that are consistent with behavioral economic theory. Behavioral economic theory predicts that decisions to use drugs and alcohol are related to the relative availability and price of both alcohol and substance-free alternative activities, and the extent to which reinforcement from delayed substance-free outcomes is devalued relative to the immediate reinforcement associated with drugs. Behavioral economic measures of motivation for substance use are based on relative levels of behavioral and economic resource allocation towards drug versus alternatives, and have been shown to predict change in substance use over time. Policy and individual level prevention approaches that are consistent with behavioral economic theory are discussed, including brief interventions that increase future orientation and engagement in rewarding alternatives to substance use. Prevention approaches that increase engagement in constructive future-oriented activities among young adults (e.g., educational/vocational success) have the potential to reduce future health disparities associated with both substance abuse and poor educational/vocational outcomes.
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Tucker JA, Cheong J, Chandler SD. Selecting Communication Channels for Substance Misuse Prevention With At-Risk African-American Emerging Adults Living in the Southern United States. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2016.1153552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Linton SL, Cooper HLF, Luo R, Karnes C, Renneker K, Haley DF, Hunter-Jones J, Ross Z, Bonney L, Rothenberg R. People and places: Relocating to neighborhoods with better economic and social conditions is associated with less risky drug/alcohol network characteristics among African American adults in Atlanta, GA. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 160:30-41. [PMID: 26781062 PMCID: PMC4767629 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies assess whether place characteristics are associated with social network characteristics that create vulnerability to substance use. METHODS This longitudinal study analyzed 7 waves of data (2009-2014) from a predominantly substance-using cohort of 172 African American adults relocated from public housing complexes in Atlanta, GA, to determine whether post-relocation changes in exposure to neighborhood conditions were associated with four network characteristics related to substance use: number of social network members who used illicit drugs or alcohol in excess in the past six months ("drug/alcohol network"), drug/alcohol network stability, and turnover into and out of drug/alcohol networks. Individual- and network-level characteristics were captured via survey and administrative data were used to describe census tracts where participants lived. Multilevel models were used to assess relationships of census tract-level characteristics to network outcomes over time. RESULTS On average, participants relocated to census tracts that had less economic disadvantage, social disorder, and renter-occupied housing. Post-relocation reductions in exposure to economic disadvantage were associated with fewer drug/alcohol network members and less turnover into drug/alcohol networks. Post-relocation improvements in exposure to multiple census tract-level social conditions and reductions in perceived community violence were associated with fewer drug/alcohol network members, less turnover into drug/alcohol networks, less drug/alcohol network stability, and more turnover out of drug/alcohol networks. CONCLUSION Relocating to neighborhoods with less economic disadvantage and better social conditions may weaken relationships with substance-using individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabriya L Linton
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Hannah LF Cooper
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ruiyan Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health at Georgia State University, One Park Place, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Conny Karnes
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kristen Renneker
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Danielle F Haley
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Josalin Hunter-Jones
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zev Ross
- ZevRoss Spatial Analysis, 120 N Aurora St, Suite 3A, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Loida Bonney
- Division of General Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Richard Rothenberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health at Georgia State University, One Park Place, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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