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Zhou Q, Shi P, Shi WD, Gao J, Wu YC, Wan J, Yan LL, Zheng Y. Identification of potential biomarkers of leprosy: A study based on GEO datasets. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302753. [PMID: 38739634 PMCID: PMC11090354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Leprosy has a high rate of cripplehood and lacks available early effective diagnosis methods for prevention and treatment, thus novel effective molecule markers are urgently required. In this study, we conducted bioinformatics analysis with leprosy and normal samples acquired from the GEO database(GSE84893, GSE74481, GSE17763, GSE16844 and GSE443). Through WGCNA analysis, 85 hub genes were screened(GS > 0.7 and MM > 0.8). Through DEG analysis, 82 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated genes were screened(|Log2FC| > 3 and FDR < 0.05). Then 49 intersection genes were considered as crucial and subjected to GO annotation, KEGG pathway and PPI analysis to determine the biological significance in the pathogenesis of leprosy. Finally, we identified a gene-pathway network, suggesting ITK, CD48, IL2RG, CCR5, FGR, JAK3, STAT1, LCK, PTPRC, CXCR4 can be used as biomarkers and these genes are active in 6 immune system pathways, including Chemokine signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, Th17 cell differentiation, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and Leukocyte transendothelial migration. We identified 10 crucial gene markers and related important pathways that acted as essential components in the etiology of leprosy. Our study provides potential targets for diagnostic biomarkers and therapy of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ping Shi
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wei dong Shi
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jun Gao
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi chen Wu
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wan
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Li li Yan
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Wuhan Dermatology Prevention Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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2
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He H, Ji X, Cao L, Wang Z, Wang X, Li XM, Miao M. Medicine Targeting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Treat Airway Remodeling and Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression. Can Respir J 2023; 2023:3291957. [PMID: 38074219 PMCID: PMC10701063 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3291957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Dysregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the airway epithelium is associated with airway remodeling and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Many treatments have been shown to inhibit airway remodeling and pulmonary fibrosis progression in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by regulating EMT and have few side effects. This review aimed to describe the development of airway remodeling through the EMT pathway, as well as the potential therapeutic targets in these pathways. Furthermore, this study aimed to review the current research on drugs to treat airway remodeling and their effects on the EMT pathway. Findings. The dysregulation of EMT was associated with airway remodeling in various respiratory diseases. The cytokines released during inflammation may induce EMT and subsequent airway remodeling. Various drugs, including herbal formulations, specific herbal compounds, cytokines, amino acid or protein inhibitors, microRNAs, and vitamins, may suppress airway remodeling by inhibiting EMT-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan He
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, New York, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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3
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Mottais A, Riberi L, Falco A, Soccal S, Gohy S, De Rose V. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mechanisms in Chronic Airway Diseases: A Common Process to Target? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12412. [PMID: 37569787 PMCID: PMC10418908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible process, in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial traits and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. This transformation has been described in different lung diseases, such as lung cancer, interstitial lung diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other muco-obstructive lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The exaggerated chronic inflammation typical of these pulmonary diseases can induce molecular reprogramming with subsequent self-sustaining aberrant and excessive profibrotic tissue repair. Over time this process leads to structural changes with progressive organ dysfunction and lung function impairment. Although having common signalling pathways, specific triggers and regulation mechanisms might be present in each disease. This review aims to describe the various mechanisms associated with fibrotic changes and airway remodelling involved in chronic airway diseases. Having better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the EMT process may help us to identify specific targets and thus lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or limit the onset of irreversible structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Mottais
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Luca Riberi
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Andrea Falco
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Soccal
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Sophie Gohy
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Centre, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginia De Rose
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Huang M, Wu Y, Cheng L, Fu L, Yan H, Ru H, Mo X, Yan L, Su Z. Multi-omics analyses of glucose metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179699. [PMID: 37475862 PMCID: PMC10354426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose metabolic reprogramming (GMR) is a cardinal feature of carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to profile the metabolic signature of primary tumor and circulating tumor cells from metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients using integrated omics analysis. Methods PET-CT imaging, serum metabolomics, genomics and proteomics data of 325 high 18F-fluorinated deoxyglucose (FDGhigh) mCRC patients were analyzed. The para-tumor, primary tumor and liver metastatic tissues of mCRC patients were used for proteomics analysis. Results The glucose uptake in tumor tissues as per the PET/CT images was correlated to serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), creatinine (CRE). Proteomics analysis indicated that several differentially expressed proteins were enriched in both GMR and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related pathways. Using a tissue-optimized proteomic workflow, we identified novel proteomic markers (e.g. CCND1, EPCAM, RPS6), a novel PCK1-CDK6-INSR protein axis, and a potential role for FOLR (FR) in GMR/EMT of CRC cells. Finally, CEA/blood glucose (CSR) was defined as a new index, which can be used to jointly diagnose liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Conclusions GMR in CRC cells is closely associated with the EMT pathway, and this network is a promising source of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosen Huang
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yancen Wu
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Linyao Cheng
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lihua Fu
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haochao Yan
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haiming Ru
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xianwei Mo
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Linhai Yan
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zijie Su
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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5
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Scott G, Asrat S, Allinne J, Keat Lim W, Nagashima K, Birchard D, Srivatsan S, Ajithdoss DK, Oyejide A, Ben LH, Walls J, Le Floc'h A, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Orengo JM. IL-4 and IL-13, not eosinophils, drive type 2 airway inflammation, remodeling and lung function decline. Cytokine 2023; 162:156091. [PMID: 36481478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Type 2 (T2) asthma is characterized by airflow limitations and elevated levels of blood and sputum eosinophils, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, IgE, and periostin. While eosinophils are associated with exacerbations, the contribution of eosinophils to lung inflammation, remodeling and function remains largely hypothetical. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of T2 cytokines IL-4, IL-13 and IL-5 on eosinophil biology and compare the impact of depleting just eosinophils versus inhibiting all aspects of T2 inflammation on airway inflammation. METHODS Human eosinophils or endothelial cells stimulated with IL-4, IL-13 or IL-5 were assessed for gene changes or chemokine release.Mice exposed to house dust mite extract received anti-IL-4Rα (dupilumab), anti-IL-5 or control antibodies and were assessed for changes in lung histological and inflammatory endpoints. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS IL-4 or IL-13 stimulation of human eosinophils and endothelial cells induced gene expression changes related to granulocyte migration; whereas, IL-5 induced changes reflecting granulocyte differentiation.In a mouse model, blocking IL-4Rα improved lung function by impacting multiple effectors of inflammation and remodeling, except peripheral eosinophil counts, thereby disconnecting blood eosinophils from airway inflammation, remodeling and function. Blocking IL-5 globally reduced eosinophil counts but did not impact inflammatory or functional measures of lung pathology. Whole lung transcriptome analysis revealed that IL-5 or IL-4Rα blockade impacted eosinophil associated genes, whereas IL-4Rα blockade also impacted genes associated with multiple cells, cytokines and chemokines, mucus production, cell:cell adhesion and vascular permeability. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophils are not the sole contributor to asthma pathophysiology or lung function decline and emphasizes the need to block additional mediators to modify lung inflammation and impact lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Scott
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Seblewongel Asrat
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jeanne Allinne
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Wei Keat Lim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kirsten Nagashima
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dylan Birchard
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Subhashini Srivatsan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dharani K Ajithdoss
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Adelekan Oyejide
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Li-Hong Ben
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Johnathon Walls
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Audrey Le Floc'h
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jamie M Orengo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
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6
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Habibovic A, Hristova M, Morris CR, Lin MCJ, Cruz LC, Ather JL, Geiszt M, Anathy V, Janssen-Heininger YMW, Poynter ME, Dixon AE, van der Vliet A. Diet-induced obesity worsens allergen-induced type 2/type 17 inflammation in airways by enhancing DUOX1 activation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L228-L242. [PMID: 36625485 PMCID: PMC9942905 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00331.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 50% of people with asthma in the United States are obese, and obesity often worsens symptoms of allergic asthma and impairs response to treatment. Based on previously established roles of the epithelial NADPH oxidase DUOX1 in allergic airway inflammation, we addressed the potential involvement of DUOX1 in altered allergic inflammation in the context of obesity. Intranasal house dust mite (HDM) allergen challenge of subjects with allergic asthma induced rapid secretion of IL-33, then IL-13, into the nasal lumen, responses that were significantly enhanced in obese asthmatic subjects (BMI >30). Induction of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding similarly enhanced acute airway responses to intranasal HDM challenge, particularly with respect to secretion of IL-33 and type 2/type 3 cytokines, and this was associated with enhanced epithelial DUOX1 expression and was avoided in DUOX1-deficient mice. DIO also enhanced DUOX1-dependent features of chronic HDM-induced allergic inflammation. Although DUOX1 did not affect overall weight gain by HFD feeding, it contributed to glucose intolerance, suggesting a role in glucose metabolism. However, glucose intolerance induced by short-term HFD feeding, in the absence of adiposity, was not sufficient to alter HDM-induced acute airway responses. DIO was associated with enhanced presence of the adipokine leptin in the airways, and leptin enhanced DUOX1-dependent IL-13 and mucin production in airway epithelial cells. In conclusion, augmented inflammatory airway responses to HDM in obesity are associated with increases in airway epithelial DUOX1, and by increased airway epithelial leptin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Habibovic
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Milena Hristova
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Carolyn R Morris
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Miao-Chong Joy Lin
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Litiele C Cruz
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jennifer L Ather
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology and "Lendület" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Yvonne M W Janssen-Heininger
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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She W, Sun T, Long C, Chen M, Chen X, Liao Q, Wang M. Linc00511 Knockdown Inhibited TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Targeting miR-16-5p/Smad3. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023; 37:313-323. [PMID: 36594176 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221144853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling in patients with asthma was correlated with induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of bronchial epithelial cells. OBJECTIVE This study examined the mechanism of Linc00511 on induced EMT of bronchial epithelial cells after transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induction. METHODS The human bronchial epithelial cell 16HBE was treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h to induce EMT. Cell proliferation and migration rate were detected using CCK8 and wound healing assays, respectively. The expression of key markers of EMT (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Small mothers against decapentaplegic family member 3 [Smad3], and slug) was tested by Western blot. RESULTS We found that Linc00511 was time dependently increased in TGF-β-treated 16HBE cells. Silencing Linc00511 reduced 16HBE cell proliferation, migration, and EMT progress. In addition, the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed Linc00511 was a molecular sponge for miR-16-5p. MiR-16-5p decreased the expression of Smad3 by targeting its 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR). After TGF-β1 exposure, miR-16-5p silencing counteracted the decreases of 16HBE cell proliferation, migration, and EMT induced by Linc00511 knockdown. And Smad3 overexpression also reversed the inhibitory effect of Linc00511 knockdown on proliferation, migration, and EMT progression in TGF-β1-induced human bronchial epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Linc00511 may be a valuable biomarker for asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei She
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 477248Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanxishan Hospital affiliated to Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
| | - Tianshou Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 477248Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Chengfeng Long
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 477248Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Meiyu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 477248Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 477248Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Qinxue Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 477248Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Mingdong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 477248Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
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Li XY, Qin KR, Liu YH, Pang M, Huo YK, Yu BF, Wang HL. A Microarray Study on the Expression of ANKRD49 in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathologic Significance. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:418-424. [PMID: 35639405 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes and identifying novel biomarkers that are involved in the progression of LUSC is important for prognosis and targeted treatment. Herein, ankyrin repeat domain 49 (ANKRD49) protein in LUSC versus paired noncancerous lung tissues was tested and its clinical significance was evaluated through χ 2 test, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model. The results showed the ANKRD49 protein in LUSC was elevated and correlated with the tumor-node-metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, distal metastasis, and differentiation. Patients with higher ANKRD49 had lower overall survival rate and higher ANKRD49 expression in lung tissues may be used as an independent prognostic marker for LUSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Ke-Ru Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Yue-Hua Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Min Pang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yun-Kui Huo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Hospital
| | - Bao-Feng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Center
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9
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Zhang S, Sun P, Xiao X, Hu Y, Qian Y, Zhang Q. MicroRNA-21 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration of human bronchial epithelial cells by targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and activating PI3K/AKT signaling. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:239-253. [PMID: 35766002 PMCID: PMC9247709 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.4.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to be involved in airway remodeling and fibrosis of bronchial asthma. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to EMT have yet to be fully clarified. The current study was designed to reveal the potential mechanism of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) affecting EMT through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE cells) were transfected with miR-21 mimics/inhibitors and PARP-1 plasmid/small interfering RNA (siRNA). A dual luciferase reporter assay and biotin-labeled RNA pull-down experiments were conducted to verify the targeting relationship between miR-21 mimics and PARP-1. The migration ability of 16HBE cells was evaluated by Transwell assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting experiments were applied to determine the expression of Snail, ZEB1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and PARP-1. The effects of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 on the migration of 16HBE cells and EMT were investigated. Overexpression of miR-21 mimics induced migration and EMT of 16HBE cells, which was significantly inhibited by overexpression of PARP-1. Our findings showed that PARP-1 was a direct target of miR-21, and that miR-21 targeted PARP-1 to promote migration and EMT of 16HBE cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Using LY294002 to block PI3K/AKT signaling pathway resulted in a significant reduction in the migration and EMT of 16HBE cells. These results suggest that miR-21 promotes EMT and migration of HBE cells by targeting PARP-1. Additionally, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway might be involved in this mechanism, which could indicate its usefulness as a therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhang
- Department of The Second Clinical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xinru Xiao
- Department of The Second Clinical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yujie Hu
- Department of The Second Clinical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
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10
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Jiang T, Zhao D, Zheng Z, Li Z. Sigma-1 Receptor Alleviates Airway Inflammation and Airway Remodeling Through AMPK/CXCR4 Signal Pathway. Inflammation 2022; 45:1298-1312. [PMID: 35029796 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (Sigma-1R) has been proven to play a major role in inflammation and structural remodeling. However, its role in airway inflammation and airway remodeling remains unclear. The purpose of this study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Sigma-1R in airway remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in vivo and in vitro. We observed the decrease of Sigma-1R in lung tissue of asthma model. In the mouse model of allergic airway inflammation (AAI), Sigma-1R agonist RPE-084 significantly relieved airway inflammation and airway remodeling, while Sigma-1R antagonist BD1047 (B8562) had opposite effects. Further research showed that RPE-084 treatment increased the expression of pAMPK and inhibited the expression of CXCR4. Furthermore, RPE-084 treatment suppressed the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF. We found that RPE-084 or Sigma-1R overexpression vector treatment regulated cell cycle and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and EMT process in TGF-β1-induced 16HBE cells. Finally, we confirmed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C or CXCR4 agonist ATI-2341 both reversed the effects of Sigma-1R on TGF-β1-induced 16 HBE cells. In a word, our research shows that Sigma-1R is helpful to improve airway remodeling of asthma, and emphasizes a new candidate molecular for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qujiang New District, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 1616, Yanxiang Road, Xi'anShaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qujiang New District, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 1616, Yanxiang Road, Xi'anShaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhankui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qujiang New District, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 1616, Yanxiang Road, Xi'anShaanxi Province, 710061, China.
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11
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Berdnikovs S, Newcomb DC, Gebretsadik T, Snyder BM, Wiggins DA, Poleon KS, Hartert TV. Cellular and systemic energy metabolic dysregulation in asthma development-a hypothesis-generating approach. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1802-1806.e2. [PMID: 34740605 PMCID: PMC10080213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of systemic and airway-specific epithelial energy metabolism in altering the developmental programming of airway epithelial cells (AECs) in early life are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess carbohydrate metabolism in developing AECs among children with and without wheeze and test the association of infant plasma energy biomarkers with subsequent recurrent wheeze and asthma outcomes. METHODS We measured cellular carbohydrate metabolism in live nasal AECs collected at age 2 years from 15 male subjects with and without a history of wheeze and performed a principal component analysis to visually assess clustering of data on AEC metabolism of glycolitic metabolites and simple sugars. Among 237 children with available year 1 plasma samples, we tested the associations of year 1 plasma energy biomarkers and recurrent wheeze and asthma by using generalized estimating equations and logistic regression. RESULTS Children with a history of wheeze had lower utilization of glucose in their nasal AECs than did children with no wheeze. Systemically, a higher plasma glucose concentration at year 1 (within the normal range) was associated with decreased odds of asthma at age 5 years (adjusted odds ratio = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.35-0.90). Insulin concentration, glucose-to-insulin ratio, C-peptide concentration, and leptin concentration at year 1 were associated with recurrent wheeze from age 2 years to age 5 years. CONCLUSION These results suggest that there is significant energy metabolism dysregulation in early life, which likely affects AEC development. These pertubations of epithelial cell metabolism in infancy may have lasting effects on lung development that could render the airway more susceptible to allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Tebeb Gebretsadik
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Brittney M Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Derek A Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kadijah S Poleon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
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12
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Savin IA, Markov AV, Zenkova MA, Sen’kova AV. Asthma and Post-Asthmatic Fibrosis: A Search for New Promising Molecular Markers of Transition from Acute Inflammation to Pulmonary Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051017. [PMID: 35625754 PMCID: PMC9138542 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous pulmonary disorder, the progression and chronization of which leads to airway remodeling and fibrogenesis. To understand the molecular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis development, key genes forming the asthma-specific regulome and involved in lung fibrosis formation were revealed using a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The bioinformatics data were validated using a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma and post-asthmatic fibrosis. The performed analysis revealed a range of well-known pro-fibrotic markers (Cat, Ccl2, Ccl4, Ccr2, Col1a1, Cxcl12, Igf1, Muc5ac/Muc5b, Spp1, Timp1) and a set of novel genes (C3, C3ar1, Col4a1, Col4a2, Cyp2e1, Fn1, Thbs1, Tyrobp) mediating fibrotic changes in lungs already at the stage of acute/subacute asthma-driven inflammation. The validation of genes related to non-allergic bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis on asthmatic/fibrotic lungs allowed us to identify new universal genes (Col4a1 and Col4a2) associated with the development of lung fibrosis regardless of its etiology. The similarities revealed in the expression profiles of nodal fibrotic genes between asthma-driven fibrosis in mice and nascent idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in humans suggest a tight association of identified genes with the early stages of airway remodeling and can be considered as promising predictors and early markers of pulmonary fibrosis.
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13
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Carr TF, Granell R, Stern DA, Guerra S, Wright A, Halonen M, Henderson J, Martinez FD. High Insulin in Early Childhood Is Associated with Subsequent Asthma Risk Independent of Body Mass Index. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:785-792.e5. [PMID: 34656798 PMCID: PMC9059620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and obesity are major, interconnected public health challenges that usually have their origins in childhood, and for which the relationship is strengthened among those with insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE To determine whether high insulin in early life confers increased longitudinal risk for asthma independent of body mass index. METHODS The study used data from the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study (TCRS) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Nonfasting insulin was measured in TCRS participants at age 6 years and fasting insulin in ALSPAC participants at age 8 years. Physician-diagnosed active asthma was determined at baseline and at subsequent assessments up to age 36 years in TCRS and 17 years in ALSPAC. RESULTS In TCRS, high insulin (upper quartile) at age 6 years was associated with increased odds of having active asthma from ages 8 to 36 years compared with low insulin (odds ratio,1.98; 95% CI, 1.28-3.05; P = .002). Similarly, in ALSPAC, high insulin was associated with a significantly higher risk of active asthma from ages 11 to 17 years compared with low insulin (odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.12-2.27; P = .009). These findings were independent of baseline body mass index in both cohorts, and were not related to other demographic and asthma risk factors nor other tested markers of systemic inflammation and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS In 2 separate birth cohorts, higher blood insulin level in early childhood was associated with increased risk of active asthma through adolescence and adulthood, independent of body mass index. High insulin indicates a novel mechanism for asthma development, which may be a target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara F Carr
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
| | | | - Debra A Stern
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Anne Wright
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Marilyn Halonen
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | | | - Fernando D Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
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14
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Xu D, Guo Y, Lei S, Guo A, Song D, Gao Q, Zhao S, Yin K, Wei Q, Zhang L, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang Q, Guo F. Identification and Characterization of TF-lncRNA Regulatory Networks Involved in the Tumorigenesis and Development of Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:739714. [PMID: 35155179 PMCID: PMC8827039 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare tumors arising from the sellar region. Although the best outcome for patients with one subtype, adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP), is obtained by gross total resection, little is known about the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) in ACP tumorigenesis. In total, 12 human ACP and 5 control samples were subjected to transcriptome-level sequencing. We built an integrated algorithm for identifying lncRNAs and TFs regulating the CP-related pathway. Furthermore, ChIP-Seq datasets with binding domain information were used to further verify and identify TF-lncRNA correlations. RT–PCR and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to validate the potential targets. Five pathways associated with ACP were identified and defined by an extensive literature search. Based on the specific pathways and the whole gene expression profile, 266 ACP-related lncRNAs and 39 TFs were identified by our integrating algorithm. Comprehensive analysis of the ChIP-Seq datasets revealed that 29 TFs were targeted by 12000 lncRNAs in a wide range of tissues, including 161 ACP-related lncRNAs that were identified by the computational method. These 29 TFs and 161 lncRNAs, constituting 1004 TF-lncRNA pairs, were shown to potentially regulate different ACP-related pathways. A total of 232 TF-lncRNA networks were consequently established based on differential gene expression. Validation by RT–PCR and immunohistochemistry staining revealed positive expression of the ACP-related TFs E2F2 and KLF5 in ACP. Moreover, the expression of the lncRNA RP11-360P21.2 was shown to be upregulated in ACP tissues. In this study, we introduced an integrated algorithm for identifying lncRNAs and TFs regulating the ACP-related pathway. This is the first comprehensive study to systematically investigate the potential TF and lncRNA regulatory network in ACP. The resulting data serve as a valuable resource for understanding the mechanisms underlying ACP-related lncRNAs and TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shixiong Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Abao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dengpan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengqi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiwen Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingjie Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Longxiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Bhaker S, Portelli MA, Rakkar K, Shaw D, Johnson S, Brightling C, Sayers I. Human bronchial epithelial cells from patients with asthma have an altered gene expression profile. ERJ Open Res 2021; 8:00625-2021. [PMID: 35198626 PMCID: PMC8859501 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00625-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a multifactorial disease presenting with wheeze and shortness of breath, and is known to be exacerbated by triggers such as pollen, house dust mites and viral infection. In the lung, the bronchial epithelium is recognised as a central driver of airway structural changes, including epithelial goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia, which are features of asthma. Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) isolated from patients with asthma and cultured in vitro have altered barrier properties [1], elevated expression of remodelling factors [2] and defective repair [3]. Interestingly, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of asthma have implicated a number of genes that are known to be expressed and functional in the airway epithelium, including IL33, IL1RL1, TSLP and MUC5AC [4]. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying altered BECs phenotype in asthma patients, several studies have completed transcriptomic analyses using bronchial brush samples. Two recent meta-analyses [5, 6] suggested that alterations in chemical stimulus, extracellular region, pathways in cancer and arachidonic acid metabolism were features of the bronchial epithelium in the lungs of patients with asthma, and included 78 up- and 75 down-regulated genes [5]. While useful, a key question is how much the airway environment of a patient is driving this differential gene expression profile (GEP) and how much is intrinsic to the BECs themselves? To answer this question, we completed transcriptomic analyses of BECs cultured two-dimensionally through multiple passages in the laboratory that had originally been isolated from control subjects without disease or patients with asthma. An attrition rate (for successful culture) of 54% and 42% was observed in the asthma and control populations respectively. Gene changes observed in asthma bronchial epithelial cells are maintained following repeated culture, presenting with an exaggerated response to viral infection and immune responses as well as having differences in the rate of cell division and replicationhttps://bit.ly/3Cq2xKf
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16
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Takahashi T, Schleimer RP. Epithelial-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology of Epithelial Injury and Repair in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Connecting Immunology in Research Lab to Biomarkers in Clinics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11709. [PMID: 34769139 PMCID: PMC8583779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier disruption and failure of epithelial repair by aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced basal cells observed in nasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are speculated to play important roles in disease pathophysiology. Microparticles (MPs) are a type of extracellular vesicle (EV) released by budding or shedding from the plasma membrane of activated or apoptotic cells. MPs are detected in nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) and are now receiving attention as potential biomarkers to evaluate the degree of activation of immune cells and injury of structural cells in nasal mucosa of subjects with sinus disease. There are three types of epithelial-cell-derived MPs, which are defined by the expression of different epithelial specific markers on their surface: EpCAM, E-cadherin, and integrin β6 (ITGB6). When these markers are on MPs that are also carrying canonical EMT/mesenchymal markers (Snail (SNAI1); Slug (SNAI2); alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA, ACTA2)) or pro- and anti-coagulant molecules (tissue factor (TF); tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)), they provide insight as to the roles of epithelial activation for EMT or regulation of coagulation in the underlying disease. In this review, we discuss the potential of epithelial MPs as research tools to evaluate status of nasal mucosae of CRS patients in the lab, as well as biomarkers for management and treatment of CRS in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takahashi
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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17
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Connelly AR, Jeong BM, Coden ME, Cao JY, Chirkova T, Rosas-Salazar C, Cephus JY, Anderson LJ, Newcomb DC, Hartert TV, Berdnikovs S. Metabolic Reprogramming of Nasal Airway Epithelial Cells Following Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:2055. [PMID: 34696488 PMCID: PMC8538412 DOI: 10.3390/v13102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a seasonal mucosal pathogen that infects the ciliated respiratory epithelium and results in the most severe morbidity in the first six months of life. RSV is a common cause of acute respiratory infection during infancy and is an important early-life risk factor strongly associated with asthma development. While this association has been repeatedly demonstrated, limited progress has been made on the mechanistic understanding in humans of the contribution of infant RSV infection to airway epithelial dysfunction. An active infection of epithelial cells with RSV in vitro results in heightened central metabolism and overall hypermetabolic state; however, little is known about whether natural infection with RSV in vivo results in lasting metabolic reprogramming of the airway epithelium in infancy. To address this gap, we performed functional metabolomics, 13C glucose metabolic flux analysis, and RNA-seq gene expression analysis of nasal airway epithelial cells (NAECs) sampled from infants between 2-3 years of age, with RSV infection or not during the first year of life. We found that RSV infection in infancy was associated with lasting epithelial metabolic reprogramming, which was characterized by (1) significant increase in glucose uptake and differential utilization of glucose by epithelium; (2) altered preferences for metabolism of several carbon and energy sources; and (3) significant sexual dimorphism in metabolic parameters, with RSV-induced metabolic changes most pronounced in male epithelium. In summary, our study supports the proposed phenomenon of metabolic reprogramming of epithelial cells associated with RSV infection in infancy and opens exciting new venues for pursuing mechanisms of RSV-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Connelly
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.R.C.); (B.M.J.); (M.E.C.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Brian M. Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.R.C.); (B.M.J.); (M.E.C.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Mackenzie E. Coden
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.R.C.); (B.M.J.); (M.E.C.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jacob Y. Cao
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.R.C.); (B.M.J.); (M.E.C.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Tatiana Chirkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.C.); (L.J.A.)
| | - Christian Rosas-Salazar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.R.-S.); (J.-Y.C.); (D.C.N.)
| | - Jacqueline-Yvonne Cephus
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.R.-S.); (J.-Y.C.); (D.C.N.)
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.C.); (L.J.A.)
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.R.-S.); (J.-Y.C.); (D.C.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Tina V. Hartert
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.R.C.); (B.M.J.); (M.E.C.); (J.Y.C.)
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18
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Abstract
Background: Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) has been shown to be associated with the occurrence of various cancers and involved in many tumorigenic processes. This study aimed to investigate the specific molecular mechanism through which UBE2C affects breast cancer (BC) proliferation. Methods: BC-related datasets were screened according to filter criteria in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Venn diagram analysis. By using DEGs, we conducted the following analyses including Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein–protein interaction (PPI), and survival analysis, and then validated the function of the hub gene UBE2C using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay, and Western blot assay. Results: In total, 151 DEGs were identified from the GEO and TCGA databases. The results of GO analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were significantly enriched with mitotic nuclear division, lipid droplet, and organic acid-binding. KEGG analysis showed that the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation were significantly enriched in the signal transduction pathway category. The top three hub genes that resulted from the PPI network were FOXM1, UBE2C, and CDKN3. The results of survival analysis showed a close relationship between UBE2C and BC. The results of CCK-8 and transwell assays suggested that the proliferation and invasion of UBE2C knockdown cells were significantly inhibited (P < 0.050). The results of Western blot assay showed that the level of phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome 10 (p-PTEN) was obviously increased (P < 0.050), whereas the levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) were dramatically decreased (P < 0.050) in the UBE2C knockdown cell. Conclusion: UBE2C can promote BC proliferation by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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19
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Chiarella SE, Cardet JC, Prakash YS. Sex, Cells, and Asthma. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:1955-1969. [PMID: 34218868 PMCID: PMC8262071 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are marked sex differences in asthma prevalence and severity. Sex hormones play a central role in these sex biases and directly interact with multiple key cells involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Here we review the known effects of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone on airway epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells, the mononuclear phagocyte system, innate lymphoid cells, eosinophils, mast cells, T cells, and B cells, all in the context of asthma. Furthermore, we explore unresolved clinical questions, such as the role of sex hormones in the link between asthma and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Chiarella
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Juan Carlos Cardet
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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20
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Bartman CM, Stelzig KE, Linden DR, Prakash YS, Chiarella SE. Passive siRNA transfection method for gene knockdown in air-liquid interface airway epithelial cell cultures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L280-L286. [PMID: 34037474 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00122.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures recapitulates organotypic modeling of the in vivo environment. Although ALI cultures are invaluable for studying the respiratory epithelial barrier, loss-of-function studies are limited by potentially cytotoxic reagents in classical transfection methods, the length of the differentiation protocol, and the number of primary epithelial cell passages. Here, we present the efficacy and use of a simple method for small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection of normal HBEs (NHBEs) in ALI cultures that does not require potentially cytotoxic transfection reagents and does not detrimentally alter the physiology or morphology of NHBEs during the differentiation process. This transfection protocol introduces a reproducible and efficient method for loss-of-function studies in HBE ALI cultures that can be leveraged for modeling the respiratory system and airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kimberly E Stelzig
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David R Linden
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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21
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Hachim MY, Elemam NM, Ramakrishnan RK, Bajbouj K, Olivenstein R, Hachim IY, Al Heialy S, Hamid Q, Busch H, Hamoudi R. Wnt Signaling Is Deranged in Asthmatic Bronchial Epithelium and Fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641404. [PMID: 33791298 PMCID: PMC8006921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway alterations have been documented in pulmonary disease pathogenesis and progression; therefore, they can be an attractive target for pharmaceutical management of severe asthma. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was shown to link early embryonic lung development impairment to later in life asthmatic airway remodeling. Here we explored the changes in Wnt signaling associated with asthma initiation and progression in epithelial and fibroblasts using a comprehensive approach based on in silico analysis and followed by in vitro validation. In summary, the in silico analysis showed that the bronchial epithelium of severe asthmatic patients showed a deranged balance between Wnt enhancer and Wnt inhibitors. A Th2-high phenotype is associated with upregulated Wnt-negative regulators, while inflammatory and neutrophilic severe asthmatics showed higher canonical Wnt signaling member enrichment. Most of these genes are regulators of healthy lung development early in life and, if disturbed, can make people susceptible to developing asthma early in life and prone to developing a severe phenotype. Most of the Wnt members are secreted, and their effect can be in an autocrine fashion on the bronchial epithelium, paracrine on nearby adjacent structural cells like fibroblasts and smooth muscles, or systemic in blood. Our results showed that canonical Wnt signaling is needed for the proper response of cells to proliferative stimuli, which puts cells under stress. Cells in response to this proliferative stress will activate the senescence mechanism, which is also dependent on Wnt signaling. Inhibition of Wnt signaling using FH535 inhibits both proliferation and senescence markers in bronchial fibroblasts compared to DMSO-treated cells. In fibroblasts from asthmatic patients, inhibition of Wnt signaling did not show that effect as the Wnt signaling is deranged besides other pathways that might be non-functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rakhee K Ramakrishnan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ibrahim Yaseen Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Fang L, Li J, Papakonstantinou E, Karakioulaki M, Sun Q, Schumann D, Tamm M, Stolz D, Roth M. Secreted heat shock proteins control airway remodeling: Evidence from bronchial thermoplasty. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1249-1261.e8. [PMID: 33675818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased airway smooth muscle mass is a key pathology in asthma. Bronchial thermoplasty is a treatment for severe asthma based on selective heating of the airways that aims to reduce the mass of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and thereby bronchoconstriction. However, short heat exposure is insufficient to explain the long-lasting effect, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been suggested to play a role. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of HSP70 and HSP90 in the control of airway wall remodeling by bronchial thermoplasty. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and endobronchial biopsies of 20 patients with severe asthma were obtained before and after thermoplasty. Isolated epithelial cells and ASMCs were exposed to 65oC for 10 seconds, mimicking thermoplasty. Proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ELISA; proliferation by cell counts and antigen Ki67 (MKI67) expression. RESULTS Thermoplasty significantly increased the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 in the epithelium and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In ASMCs, thermoplasty reduced both HSPs. These cell-type-specific effects were detectable even 1 month after thermoplasty in tissue sections. In epithelial cells, ex vivo exposure to heat (65oC, 10 seconds) increased the expression and secretion of HSP70 and HSP90. In addition, epithelial cell proliferation was upregulated by heat or treatment with human recombinant HSP70 or HSP90. In ASMCs, heat exposure or exogenous HSPs reduced proliferation and differentiation. In both cell types, HSP70 and HSP90 activated the signaling cascade of serine/threonine-protein kinase →mammalian target of rapamycin→ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β→protein arginine methyltransferase 1→ mitochondria activity. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial cell-derived HSP70 and HSP90 improve the function of epithelial cells, but block ASMC remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Junling Li
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; The affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meropi Karakioulaki
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Desiree Schumann
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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23
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O'Loughlin J, Hall RJ, Bhaker S, Portelli MA, Henry A, Pang V, Bates DO, Sharp TV, Sayers I. Extended lifespan of bronchial epithelial cells maintains normal cellular phenotype and transcriptome integrity. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00254-2020. [PMID: 33532474 PMCID: PMC7836642 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00254-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have identified several epithelial-derived genes associated with airway diseases. However, techniques used to study gene function frequently exceed the proliferative potential of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) isolated from patients. Increased expression of the polycomb group protein BMI-1 extends the lifespan of HBECs while maintaining cell context plasticity. Herein we aimed to assess how BMI-1 expression impacted cellular functions and global mRNA expression. HBECs from six donors were transduced with lentivirus containing BMI-1 and cells were characterised, including by RNA sequencing and impedance measurement. BMI-1-expressing HBECs (B-HBECs) have a proliferative advantage and show comparable in vitro properties to low passage primary HBECs, including cell attachment/spreading and barrier formation. The B-HBEC mRNA signature was modestly different to HBECs, with only 293 genes differentially expressed (5% false discovery rate). Genes linked to epithelial mesenchymal transition and cell cycle were enriched in B-HBECs. We investigated the expression of genes implicated in asthma from genetic and expression studies and found that 97.6% of genes remained unaltered. We have shown that increased BMI-1 expression in HBECs delays lung epithelial cell senescence by promoting cell cycle progression and highlighted the flexible utility for B-HBECs as an important platform for studying airway epithelial mechanisms. A method to extend the lifespan of primary human bronchial epithelial cells that maintain a normal epithelial cell phenotype, thus providing a platform to investigate respiratory disease mechanisms over prolonged periodshttps://bit.ly/353Rklc
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O'Loughlin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Robert J Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Sangita Bhaker
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael A Portelli
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amanda Henry
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vincent Pang
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - David O Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tyson V Sharp
- Centre of Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,These authors contributed equally
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24
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Li N, Hou R, Yang T, Liu C, Wei J. miR-193a-3p Mediates Placenta Accreta Spectrum Development by Targeting EFNB2 via Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Pathway Under Decidua Defect Conditions. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:613802. [PMID: 33585562 PMCID: PMC7873918 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.613802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To clarify the role of microRNA-193a-3p (miR-193a-3p) in the pathogenesis of placenta accreta spectrum. Methods: The placental tissue expression levels of miR-193a-3p and Ephrin-B2 (EFNB2) were compared between a placenta accreta spectrum group and a control group. Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to verify the effect of miR-193a-3p and EFNB2 on HTR-8/SVneo cells cultured in human endometrial stromal cell (hESC)-conditioned medium. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were examined by western blotting to establish whether the EMT pathway was altered in placenta accreta spectrum. To determine whether EFNB2 is a target gene of miR-193a-3p, luciferase activity assays were performed. Results: miR-193a-3p was upregulated but EFNB2 downregulated in the placenta accreta spectrum group and EFNB2 was a direct target of miR-193a-3p. Overexpression or inhibition of miR-193a-3p revealed that miR-193a-3p promoted the migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells cultured in hESC-conditioned medium. Furthermore, EMT was induced, as shown by increased N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP2, and MMP9 and decreased E-cadherin in the placenta accreta spectrum group and in HTR-8/SVneo cells transfected with miR-193a-3p mimics or si-EFNB2. The negative effect of miR-193a-3p inhibitor was reversed by co-transfection with si-EFNB2 in function studies and in analyses of EMT-related proteins in vitro. Conclusion: miR-193a-3p which upregulated in placenta accreta spectrum group increases HTR-8/SVneo cell migration and invasion by targeting EFNB2 via the EMT pathway under decidua defect conditions to lead to placenta accreta spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
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25
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Zhang T, Yang H, Sun B, Yao F. Four hub genes regulate tumor infiltration by immune cells, antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment, and survival outcomes in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3819-3842. [PMID: 33428598 PMCID: PMC7906216 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we performed bioinformatics analyses to identify hub genes that regulate tumor infiltration by immune cells and antitumor immunity in the lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). We identified 1738 robust and stable differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LUSC tissues based on robust rank aggregation (RRA) analysis of RNA-sequencing data from 5 GEO-LUSC datasets. We then classified TCGA-LUSC patients based on ssGSEA and ESTIMATE analyses of LUSC tissues into high, medium and low immunity subgroups showing significant differences in tumor purity. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the robust DEGs revealed five immunity-related modules, including the brown module with 762 DEGs and 30 hub genes showing the highest correlation with the immunity-related LUSC patient subgroups and their clinicopathological characteristics. We selected four hub genes, LAPTM5, C1QC, CSF1R and SLCO2B1, for validation of the immunity status and prognosis of LUSC patients. High expression of these four genes correlated with increased infiltration of immune cell types, upregulation of the immunosuppressive TOX pathway genes, CD8+ T cell exhaustion, and shorter overall survival of LUSC patients. These findings demonstrate that four hub genes regulate tumor infiltration of immune cells, anti-tumor immunity, and survival outcomes in LUSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Institute for Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Liu B, Xie Y, Wu Z. Identification of Candidate Genes and Pathways in Nonsegmental Vitiligo Using Integrated Bioinformatics Methods. Dermatology 2020; 237:464-472. [PMID: 33302271 DOI: 10.1159/000511893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) is an acquired depigmentation disorder of unknown origin. Enormous interests focus on finding novel biomarkers and pathways responsible for NSV. METHODS The gene expression level was obtained by integrating microarray datasets (GSE65127 and GSE75819) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database using the sva R package. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between each group were identified by the limma R package. The interaction network was constructed using STRING, and significant modules coupled with hub genes were identified by cytoHubba and molecular complex detection. Pathway analyses were conducted using generally applicable gene set enrichment and further visualized in R environment. RESULTS A total of 102 DEGs between vitiligo lesional skin and healthy skin, 14 lesion-specific genes, and 29 predisposing genes were identified from the integrated dataset. Except for the anticipated decrease in melanogenesis, three major functional changes were identified, including oxidative phosphorylation, p53, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling in lesional skin. PPARG, MUC1, S100A8, and S100A9 were identified as key hub genes involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Besides, upregulation of the T cell receptor signaling pathway was considered to be associated with susceptibility of the skin in NSV patients. CONCLUSION Our study reveals several potential pathways and related genes involved in NSV using integrated bioinformatics methods. It might provide references for targeted strategies for NSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyi Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
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27
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Song Y, Wang Z, Jiang J, Piao Y, Li L, Xu C, Piao H, Li L, Yan G. DEK-targeting aptamer DTA-64 attenuates bronchial EMT-mediated airway remodelling by suppressing TGF-β1/Smad, MAPK and PI3K signalling pathway in asthma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13739-13750. [PMID: 33124760 PMCID: PMC7754001 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of DEK-targeting aptamer (DTA-64) on epithelial mesenchymaltransition (EMT)-mediated airway remodelling in mice and human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. In the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice, DTA-64 significantly reduced the infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils in lung tissue, attenuated the airway resistance and the proliferation of goblet cells. In addition, DTA-64 reduced collagen deposition, transforming growth factor 1 (TGF-β1) level in BALF and IgE levels in serum, balanced Th1/Th2/Th17 ratio, and decreased mesenchymal proteins (vimentin and α-SMA), as well as weekend matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and NF-κB p65 activity. In the in vitro experiments, we used TGF-β1 to induce EMT in the human epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. DEK overexpression (ovDEK) or silencing (shDEK) up-regulated or down-regulated TGF-β1 expression, respectively, on the contrary, TGF-β1 exposure had no effect on DEK expression. Furthermore, ovDEK and TGF-β1 synergistically promoted EMT, whereas shDEK significantly reduced mesenchymal markers and increased epithelial markers, thus inhibiting EMT. Additionally, shDEK inhibited key proteins in TGF-β1-mediated signalling pathways, including Smad2/3, Smad4, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. In conclusion, the effects of DTA-64 against EMT of asthmatic mice and BEAS-2B might partially be achieved through suppressing TGF-β1/Smad, MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways. DTA-64 may be a new therapeutic option for the management of airway remodelling in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Song
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic DiseasesYanbian UniversityYanjiChina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyYanbian University Medical CollegeYanjiChina
- Postdoctoral Programme, Research CenterAffiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanjiChina
| | - Zhiguang Wang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic DiseasesYanbian UniversityYanjiChina
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanjiChina
| | - Jingzhi Jiang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic DiseasesYanbian UniversityYanjiChina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyYanbian University Medical CollegeYanjiChina
| | - Yihua Piao
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic DiseasesYanbian UniversityYanjiChina
- Department of Intensive Care UnitAffiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanjiChina
| | - Li Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic DiseasesYanbian UniversityYanjiChina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyYanbian University Medical CollegeYanjiChina
| | - Chang Xu
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic DiseasesYanbian UniversityYanjiChina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyYanbian University Medical CollegeYanjiChina
| | - Hongmei Piao
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic DiseasesYanbian UniversityYanjiChina
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanjiChina
| | - Liangchang Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic DiseasesYanbian UniversityYanjiChina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyYanbian University Medical CollegeYanjiChina
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic DiseasesYanbian UniversityYanjiChina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyYanbian University Medical CollegeYanjiChina
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28
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Wang J, Xue T, Ye H, Sang C, Wu S, Li S. Study of the common activating mechanism of apoptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in alveolar type II epithelial cells. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 284:103584. [PMID: 33197603 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection and severe trauma can result in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) and eventually pulmonary fibrosis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is related to pulmonary fibrosis. Our study found that pyocyanin (PCN) could promote apoptosis and EMT in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells. We hypothesized that there might be a common mechanism related to both apoptosis and EMT in A549 cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PCN is the common stimulus upstream of apoptosis and EMT as well as the relevant signalling pathways. A549 cells were challenged with PCN; ROS was then detected by immunofluorescence, and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Caspases, EMT markers and the TGF-β/Smad pathway were assessed by Western blot, qPCR or ELISA. The results showed that PCN promoted ROS production, and the apoptosis rate was clearly increased. E-cadherin downregulation, vimentin and α-SMA upregulation in A549 cells, cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3, TGF-β1 and activated Smad2/3 were also detected. Interestingly, the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and vimentin was highly positively correlated. Inhibition of ROS could partially reverse PCN-induced EMT and apoptosis in A549 cells, and EMT could also be reversed by TGF-β1 inhibitors. In conclusion, ROS may be a common activating mechanism of apoptosis and EMT in alveolar epithelial cells, during which the degree of apoptosis is positively related to EMT. ROS may induce alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway or endoplasmic reticulum pathway. ROS activates TGF-β1, followed by SMADs, eventually inducing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Tianjiao Xue
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10038, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, 101149, China.
| | - Chen Sang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10038, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
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29
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Asthma genomics and pharmacogenomics. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 66:136-142. [PMID: 33171417 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize recent published work interrogating the relationship between genetic variation or gene expression regulation across the genome and asthma or asthma treatment outcomes. This includes 11 genome-wide association studies of asthma phenotypes that collectively identified 64 novel loci; transcriptome-wide asthma association studies which identified genes involved in virus recognition, bacterial infection, lung tissue remodeling, eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation and genes in the chromosome 17q12 asthma susceptibility locus; and three epigenome-wide studies of asthma that had robust sample sizes and replicated findings. We also highlight pharmacogenomic studies of corticosteroids, bronchodilator response to albuterol and zileuton, although finding from these studies may still be preliminary due to their relatively small sample sizes and limited availability of replication cohorts.
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30
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Jing S, Li X, Liu W, Li X. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits the Wound-Healing and Cell Proliferative Ability of Human Airway Epithelial Cells in Asthmatic Children. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923680. [PMID: 33068389 PMCID: PMC7577073 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic disease with high morbidity rates. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proven to induce airway hyper-responsiveness, but the function of BDNF in the wound-healing process of asthmatic human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of BDNF in asthmatic children with injured HAECs. Material/Methods HAECs were obtained from healthy children and asthmatic children through bronchoscopy, and then cultured in air-liquid (ALI) interface with or without BDNF. A mechanical injury model was established for the wound-healing assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was performed to measure BDNF mRNA expressions, while western blot assay was used for the measurement of BDNF and CCND1 protein expressions. Cell proliferation of impaired HAECs was assayed in a 3H-thymidine incorporation experiment. Results The mRNA and protein levels of BDNF were overexpressed, and the wound-healing ability of HAECs decreased in asthma samples. Also, the cell proliferation of HAECs was suppressed in the asthmatic injury model and the injury-induced increase of CCND1 protein expressions was inhibited in asthma. Although mRNA and protein expressions of BDNF remained unchanging in healthy HAECs, there was an increase in impaired asthmatic HAECs. Upregulating BDNF led to a decrease in wound-healing ability of HAECs in both healthy children and children with asthma. Simultaneously, overexpressed BDNF reduced the CCND1 protein expressions in healthy HAECs, but had little impact on asthmatic HAECs. Conclusions Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) inhibited wound-healing and cell proliferative ability of human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) in asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xinghua Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Bidirectional interaction of airway epithelial remodeling and inflammation in asthma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1063-1079. [PMID: 32369100 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that has long been viewed predominately as an inflammatory condition. Accordingly, current therapeutic interventions focus primarily on resolving inflammation. However, the mainstay of asthma therapy neither fully improves lung function nor prevents disease exacerbations, suggesting involvement of other factors. An emerging concept now holds that airway remodeling, another major pathological feature of asthma, is as important as inflammation in asthma pathogenesis. Structural changes associated with asthma include disrupted epithelial integrity, subepithelial fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, and enhanced vascularity. These alterations are hypothesized to contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness, airway obstruction, airflow limitation, and progressive decline of lung function in asthmatic individuals. Consequently, targeting inflammation alone does not suffice to provide optimal clinical benefits. Here we review asthmatic airway remodeling, focusing on airway epithelium, which is critical to maintaining a healthy respiratory system, and is the primary defense against inhaled irritants. In asthma, airway epithelium is both a mediator and target of inflammation, manifesting remodeling and resulting obstruction among its downstream effects. We also highlight the potential benefits of therapeutically targeting airway structural alterations. Since pathological tissue remodeling is likewise observed in other injury- and inflammation-prone tissues and organs, our discussion may have implications beyond asthma and lung disease.
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Cochard M, Ledoux F, Landkocz Y. Atmospheric fine particulate matter and epithelial mesenchymal transition in pulmonary cells: state of the art and critical review of the in vitro studies. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2020; 23:293-318. [PMID: 32921295 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1816238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with several diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation are well-documented and are considered as the starting point of some of the pathological responses. However, a number of studies also focused on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a biological process involved in fibrotic diseases and cancer progression notably via metastasis induction. Up until now, EMT was widely reported in vivo and in vitro in various cell types but investigations dealing with in vitro studies of PM2.5 induced EMT in pulmonary cells are limited. Further, few investigations combined the necessary endpoints for validation of the EMT state in cells: such as expression of several surface, cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix biomarkers and activation of transcription markers and epigenetic factors. Studies explored various cell types, cultured under differing conditions and exposed for various durations to different doses. Such unharmonized protocols (1) might introduce bias, (2) make difficult comparison of results and (3) preclude reaching a definitive conclusion regarding the ability of airborne PM2.5 to induce EMT in pulmonary cells. Some questions remain, in particular the specific PM2.5 components responsible for EMT triggering. The aim of this review is to examine the available PM2.5 induced EMT in vitro studies on pulmonary cells with special emphasis on the critical parameters considered to carry out future research in this field. This clarification appears necessary for production of reliable and comparable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Cochard
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS-3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) , Dunkerque, France
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS-3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) , Dunkerque, France
| | - Yann Landkocz
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS-3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO) , Dunkerque, France
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Barbiellini Amidei C, Zingone F, Zanier L, Canova C. Risk of Prevalent Asthma among Children Affected by Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124255. [PMID: 32549223 PMCID: PMC7345598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Literature on the risk of asthma among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is limited and has reported discording results. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated the association between asthma and childhood onset IBD, focusing on pediatric IBD with onset between 10 and 17 years, early-onset IBD (EO-IBD) between 0 and 9 years, and very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD) between 0 and 5 years, all conditions characterized by different clinical progressions. A nested matched case-control design on a longitudinal cohort of 213,515 newborns was adopted. Conditional binomial regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of asthma among children with IBD compared with controls. We found 162 children with IBD and 1620 controls. Overall, childhood onset IBD was associated with increased risks of being affected by asthma (OR: 1.49 95% CI 1.05–2.12), although a significant risk was only present among males (OR: 1.60 95% CI 1.02–2.51). Children with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis had similarly increased risks, although they failed to attain statistical significance. Risks of asthma based on age at IBD onset were inversely related to age, with the lowest non-significant risks for pediatric IBD and EO-IBD, while children affected by VEO-IBD had the highest risk of asthma (OR: 2.75 95% CI 1.26–6.02). Our study suggests the presence of a higher prevalence of asthma among both male children with IBD and children with VEO-IBD. It could be advisable to pay greater attention to possible respiratory symptoms among these categories at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Barbiellini Amidei
- Unit of biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health. Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Section, University Hospital of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Loris Zanier
- Epidemiological Service, Health Directorate, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health. Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Naclerio R, Baroody F, Bachert C, Bleier B, Borish L, Brittain E, Chupp G, Fisher A, Fokkens W, Gevaert P, Kennedy D, Kim J, Laidlaw TM, Lee JJ, Piccirillo JF, Pinto JM, Roland LT, Schleimer RP, Schlosser RJ, Schwaninger JM, Smith TL, Tan BK, Tan M, Toskala E, Wenzel S, Togias A. Clinical Research Needs for the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps in the New Era of Biologics: A National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Workshop. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:1532-1549.e1. [PMID: 32142964 PMCID: PMC8177483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of biologics targeting various aspects of type 2 inflammation for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) will provide clinicians with powerful tools to help treat these patients. However, other therapies are also available, and positioning of biologics in a management algorithm will require comparative trials. In November 2019, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop to consider potential future trial designs. Workshop participants represented a wide spectrum of clinical specialties, including otolaryngology, allergy, and pulmonary medicine, as well as expertise in CRSwNP pathophysiology and in trial methodology and statistics. The workshop discussed the current state of knowledge in CRSwNP and considered the advantages and disadvantages of various clinical trial or observational study designs and various clinical outcomes. The output from this workshop, which is presented in this report, will hopefully provide investigators with adequate information and ideas to design future studies and answer critical clinical questions. It will also help clinicians understand the current state of the management of CRSwNP and its gaps and be more able to interpret the new information to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benjamin Bleier
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Otolaryngology, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Erica Brittain
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | | | - Anat Fisher
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jean Kim
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Boston, Mass
| | | | | | | | - Lauren T Roland
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | | | - Julie M Schwaninger
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | | | | | - Ming Tan
- Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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Wang T, Zhou Q, Shang Y. MiRNA-451a inhibits airway remodeling by targeting Cadherin 11 in an allergic asthma model of neonatal mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106440. [PMID: 32234673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling happens in childhood asthma, in parallel with, but not necessarily subsequent to, airway inflammation. The differentiation of airway epithelial cells into myofibroblasts via epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) is one of the mechanisms underlying airway remodeling. This study aimed at identifying novel molecules involved in pediatric asthma-associated airway remodeling. Asthma model was established by challenging C57BL/6 mouse pups with ovalbumin (OVA). We found that the expression of Cadherin 11 (CDH11), a type II cadherin, was increased by OVA treatments in the airway epithelium. Our earlier microarray data suggested miRNA-451a-5p (miRNA-451a) as a potential regulator of CDH11. In contrast to CDH11, miRNA-451a expression decreased in the asthmatic lung. MiRNA-451a was then packaged into a lentivirus vector and systematically given to the asthmatic pups. Our data indicated that OVA-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells, including eosnophils, neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes, was reduced by miRNA-451a over-expression. EMT was initiated in asthmatic mice as demonstrated by increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells present in airway epithelium, which was inhibited by miRNA-451a. CDH11 elevation in vivo was also inhibited by miRNA-451a. Dual-Luciferase analysis further showed CDH11 as a novel valid target of miRNA-451a. Additionally, in vitro, EMT was triggered in human 16HBE airway epithelial cells by pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Corresponding to the anti-EMT effects observed in vivo, miRNA-451a also inhibited TGF-β-induced collagen deposition in cultured airway epithelial cells by targeting in CDH11. In summary, our study demonstrates that the deregulated miRNA-451a-CDH11 axis contributes to airway remodeling in childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianlan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Loffredo LF, Coden ME, Jeong BM, Walker MT, Anekalla KR, Doan TC, Rodriguez R, Browning M, Nam K, Lee JJ, Abdala-Valencia H, Berdnikovs S. Eosinophil accumulation in postnatal lung is specific to the primary septation phase of development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4425. [PMID: 32157178 PMCID: PMC7064572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immune cells and eosinophils are transiently present in the lung tissue not only in pathology (allergic disease, parasite expulsion) but also during normal postnatal development. However, the lung developmental processes underlying airway recruitment of eosinophils after birth remain unexplored. We determined that in mice, mature eosinophils are transiently recruited to the lung during postnatal days 3-14, which specifically corresponds to the primary septation/alveolarization phase of lung development. Developmental eosinophils peaked during P10-14 and exhibited Siglec-Fmed/highCD11c-/low phenotypes, similar to allergic asthma models. By interrogating the lung transcriptome and proteome during peak eosinophil recruitment in postnatal development, we identified markers that functionally capture the establishment of the mesenchymal-epithelial interface (Nes, Smo, Wnt5a, Nog) and the deposition of the provisional extracellular matrix (ECM) (Tnc, Postn, Spon2, Thbs2) as a key lung morphogenetic event associating with eosinophils. Tenascin-C (TNC) was identified as one of the key ECM markers in the lung epithelial-mesenchymal interface both at the RNA and protein levels, consistently associating with eosinophils in development and disease in mice and humans. As determined by RNA-seq analysis, naïve murine eosinophils cultured with ECM enriched in TNC significantly induced expression of Siglec-F, CD11c, eosinophil peroxidase, and other markers typical for activated eosinophils in development and allergic inflammatory responses. TNC knockout mice had an altered eosinophil recruitment profile in development. Collectively, our results indicate that lung morphogenetic processes associated with heightened Type 2 immunity are not merely a tissue "background" but specifically guide immune cells both in development and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F Loffredo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Coden
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian M Jeong
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew T Walker
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kishore Reddy Anekalla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ton C Doan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raul Rodriguez
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mandy Browning
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kiwon Nam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Bartel S, La Grutta S, Cilluffo G, Perconti G, Bongiovanni A, Giallongo A, Behrends J, Kruppa J, Hermann S, Chiang D, Pfaffl MW, Krauss‐Etschmann S. Human airway epithelial extracellular vesicle miRNA signature is altered upon asthma development. Allergy 2020; 75:346-356. [PMID: 31386204 DOI: 10.1111/all.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs are master regulators of signaling pathways critically involved in asthma and are transferred between cells in extracellular vesicles (EV). We aimed to investigate whether the miRNA content of EV secreted by primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) is altered upon asthma development. METHODS NHBE cells were cultured at air-liquid interface and treated with interleukin (IL)-13 to induce an asthma-like phenotype. EV isolations by precipitation from basal culture medium or apical surface wash were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot, and EV-associated miRNAs were identified by a RT-qPCR-based profiling. Significant candidates were confirmed in EVs isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from nasal lavages of children with mild-to-moderate (n = 8) or severe asthma (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 9). RESULTS NHBE cells secrete EVs to the apical and basal side. 47 miRNAs were expressed in EVs and 16 thereof were significantly altered in basal EV upon IL-13 treatment. Expression of miRNAs could be confirmed in EVs from human nasal lavages. Of note, levels of miR-92b, miR-210, and miR-34a significantly correlated with lung function parameters in children (FEV1 FVC%pred and FEF25-75%pred ), thus lower sEV-miRNA levels in nasal lavages associated with airway obstruction. Subsequent ingenuity pathway analysis predicted the miRNAs to regulate Th2 polarization and dendritic cell maturation. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that secretion of miRNAs in EVs from the airway epithelium, in particular miR-34a, miR-92b, and miR-210, might be involved in the early development of a Th2 response in the airways and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Bartel
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN) Borstel Germany
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council Palermo Italy
| | - Giovanna Cilluffo
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council Palermo Italy
| | - Giovanni Perconti
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council Palermo Italy
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council Palermo Italy
| | - Agata Giallongo
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council Palermo Italy
| | - Jochen Behrends
- Core Facility Fluorescence Cytometry Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Jochen Kruppa
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Stefanie Hermann
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Dapi Chiang
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss‐Etschmann
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN) Borstel Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität zu Kiel Kiel Germany
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Caminati M, Polk B, Rosenwasser LJ. What have recent advances in therapy taught us about severe asthma disease mechanisms? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:1145-1153. [PMID: 31549894 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1672536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Severe asthma still represents a worldwide challenge. The need for further treatment options has stimulated basic and pharmacological research to focus on the immune and inflammatory background of asthma. The new biologic drugs express the considerable advances in the field and besides providing a revolutionary treatment option for severe asthma, contribute themselves to better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms they address, paving the way to new potential targets.Areas covered: A selective search on PubMed and Medline was performed, including the evidence on immunology of severe asthma published up to May 2019 by focusing on the immunological effects of biologic drugs underlying their clinical outcomes.Expert opinion: The recent pharmacological research in the field of biologics has represented an exceptional opportunity for exploring severe asthma mechanisms. However, some points deserve to be addressed by further investigation. Although in the absence of safety warnings so far, interfering with the immune system may raise some safety concerns, especially in the long-term use. Particularly when interacting with epithelial and innate immunity the selection of candidates probably deserves special caution. Also, whether biologics exert a true disease-modifying effect is not completely clear. As a direct practical implication, the optimal treatment duration is still controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caminati
- Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Brooke Polk
- Wash U School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Li Y, Ge D, Gu J, Xu F, Zhu Q, Lu C. A large cohort study identifying a novel prognosis prediction model for lung adenocarcinoma through machine learning strategies. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:886. [PMID: 31488089 PMCID: PMC6729062 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) risk is crucial in determining further treatment strategies. Molecular biomarkers may improve risk stratification for LUAD. METHODS We analyzed the gene expression profiles of LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We initially used three distinct algorithms (sigFeature, random forest, and univariate Cox regression) to evaluate each gene's prognostic relevance. Survival related genes were then fitted into the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model to build a risk prediction model for LUAD. After 100,000 times of calculation and model construction, a 16-gene-based prediction model capable of classifying LUAD patients into high-risk and low-risk groups was successfully built. RESULTS Using a combined strategy, we initially identified 2472 significant survival-related genes. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated these genes' relevance to tumor initiation and progression. Using the LASSO method, we successfully built a reliable risk prediction model. The risk model was validated in two external sets and an independent set. The expression of these 16 genes was highly correlated with patients' risk. High-risk group patients witnessed poorer recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to low-risk group patients. Moreover, stratification analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the independence and potential translational value of this predictive tool. We also built a nomogram comprising risk model and stage to predict OS for LUAD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our risk model may serve as a practical and reliable prognosis predictive tool for LUAD and could provide novel insights into the understanding of the molecular mechanism of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengkai Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoliang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlai Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Huang MT, Chiu CJ, Chiang BL. Multi-Faceted Notch in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3508. [PMID: 31319491 PMCID: PMC6678794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch is an evolutionarily conserved signaling family which iteratively exerts pleiotropic functions in cell fate decisions and various physiological processes, not only during embryonic development but also throughout adult life. In the context of the respiratory system, Notch has been shown to regulate ciliated versus secretory lineage differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells and coordinate morphogenesis of the developing lung. Reminiscent of its role in development, the Notch signaling pathway also plays a role in repair of lung injuries by regulation of stem cell activity, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition to functions in embryonic development, cell and tissue renewal and various physiological processes, including glucose and lipid metabolism, Notch signaling has been demonstrated to regulate differentiation of literally almost all T-cell subsets, and impact on elicitation of inflammatory response and its outcome. We have investigated the role of Notch in allergic airway inflammation in both acute and chronic settings. In this mini-review, we will summarize our own work and recent advances on the role of Notch signaling in allergic airway inflammation, and discuss potential applications of the Notch signaling family in therapy for allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Tzu Huang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Juno Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
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41
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Willis-Owen SAG, Cookson WOC, Moffatt MF. The Genetics and Genomics of Asthma. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019; 19:223-246. [PMID: 30169121 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, clinically heterogeneous disease with strong evidence of heritability. Progress in defining the genetic underpinnings of asthma, however, has been slow and hampered by issues of inconsistency. Recent advances in the tools available for analysis-assaying transcription, sequence variation, and epigenetic marks on a genome-wide scale-have substantially altered this landscape. Applications of such approaches are consistent with heterogeneity at the level of causation and specify patterns of commonality with a wide range of alternative disease traits. Looking beyond the individual as the unit of study, advances in technology have also fostered comprehensive analysis of the human microbiome and its varied roles in health and disease. In this article, we consider the implications of these technological advances for our current understanding of the genetics and genomics of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffron A G Willis-Owen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - William O C Cookson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; , ,
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42
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Blocking histone deacetylase activity as a novel target for epithelial barrier defects in patients with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1242-1253.e7. [PMID: 31082457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A defective epithelial barrier is found in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity has been identified as a crucial driver of allergic inflammation and tight junction dysfunction. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether HDAC activity has been altered in patients with AR and in a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma and whether it contributed to epithelial barrier dysfunction. METHODS Primary nasal epithelial cells of control subjects and patients with AR were cultured at the air-liquid interface to study transepithelial electrical resistance and paracellular flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (4 kDa) together with mRNA expression and immunofluorescence staining of tight junctions. Air-liquid interface cultures were stimulated with different concentrations of JNJ-26481585, a broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor. In vivo the effect of JNJ-26481585 on mucosal permeability and tight junction function was evaluated in a mouse model of HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation. RESULTS General HDAC activity was greater in nasal epithelial cells of patients with AR and correlated inversely with epithelial integrity. Treatment of nasal epithelial cells with JNJ-26481585 restored epithelial integrity by promoting tight junction expression and protein reorganization. HDM-sensitized mice were treated with JNJ-26481585 to demonstrate the in vivo role of HDACs. Treated mice did not have allergic airway inflammation and had no bronchial hyperreactivity. Moreover, JNJ-26481585 treatment restored nasal mucosal function by promoting tight junction expression. CONCLUSION Our findings identify increased HDAC activity as a potential tissue-injury mechanism responsible for dysregulated epithelial cell repair, leading to defective epithelial barriers in AR. Blocking HDAC activity is a promising novel target for therapeutic intervention in patients with airway diseases.
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Altman MC, Gill MA, Whalen E, Babineau DC, Shao B, Liu AH, Jepson B, Gruchalla RS, O'Connor GT, Pongracic JA, Kercsmar CM, Khurana Hershey GK, Zoratti EM, Johnson CC, Teach SJ, Kattan M, Bacharier LB, Beigelman A, Sigelman SM, Presnell S, Gern JE, Gergen PJ, Wheatley LM, Togias A, Busse WW, Jackson DJ. Transcriptome networks identify mechanisms of viral and nonviral asthma exacerbations in children. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:637-651. [PMID: 30962590 PMCID: PMC6472965 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections are common precursors to asthma exacerbations in children, but molecular immune responses that determine whether and how an infection causes an exacerbation are poorly understood. By using systems-scale network analysis, we identify repertoires of cellular transcriptional pathways that lead to and underlie distinct patterns of asthma exacerbation. Specifically, in both virus-associated and nonviral exacerbations, we demonstrate a set of core exacerbation modules, among which epithelial-associated SMAD3 signaling is upregulated and lymphocyte response pathways are downregulated early in exacerbation, followed by later upregulation of effector pathways including epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, extracellular matrix production, mucus hypersecretion, and eosinophil activation. We show an additional set of multiple inflammatory cell pathways involved in virus-associated exacerbations, in contrast to squamous cell pathways associated with nonviral exacerbations. Our work introduces an in vivo molecular platform to investigate, in a clinical setting, both the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targets to modify exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Altman
- Department of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michelle A Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Whalen
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Baomei Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew H Liu
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Rebecca S Gruchalla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meyer Kattan
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steve M Sigelman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Presnell
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James E Gern
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter J Gergen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Wheatley
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alkis Togias
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William W Busse
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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44
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Goleva E, Berdyshev E, Leung DY. Epithelial barrier repair and prevention of allergy. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1463-1474. [PMID: 30776025 DOI: 10.1172/jci124608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases have in common a dysfunctional epithelial barrier, which allows the penetration of allergens and microbes, leading to the release of type 2 cytokines that drive allergic inflammation. The accessibility of skin, compared with lung or gastrointestinal tissue, has facilitated detailed investigations into mechanisms underlying epithelial barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis (AD). This Review describes the formation of the skin barrier and analyzes the link between altered skin barrier formation and the pathogenesis of AD. The keratinocyte differentiation process is under tight regulation. During epidermal differentiation, keratinocytes sequentially switch gene expression programs, resulting in terminal differentiation and the formation of a mature stratum corneum, which is essential for the skin to prevent allergen or microbial invasion. Abnormalities in keratinocyte differentiation in AD skin result in hyperproliferation of the basal layer of epidermis, inhibition of markers of terminal differentiation, and barrier lipid abnormalities, compromising skin barrier and antimicrobial function. There is also compelling evidence for epithelial dysregulation in asthma, food allergy, eosinophilic esophagitis, and allergic rhinosinusitis. This Review examines current epithelial barrier repair strategies as an approach for allergy prevention or intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Goleva
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Evgeny Berdyshev
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Donald Ym Leung
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Bousquet J, Akdis CA, Grattan C, Eigenmann PA, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Hellings PW, Agache I. Highlights and recent developments in airway diseases in EAACI journals (2017). Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:49. [PMID: 30498567 PMCID: PMC6258432 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) owns three journals: Allergy, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and Clinical and Translational Allergy. One of the major goals of EAACI is to support health promotion in which prevention of allergy and asthma plays a critical role and to disseminate the knowledge of allergy to all stakeholders including the EAACI junior members. There was substantial progress in 2017 in the identification of basic mechanisms of allergic and respiratory disease and the translation of these mechanisms into clinics. Better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms, efforts for the development of biomarkers for disease prediction, novel prevention and intervention studies, elucidation of mechanisms of multimorbidies, entrance of new drugs in the clinics as well as recently completed phase three clinical studies and publication of a large number of allergen immunotherapy studies and metaanalyses have been the highlights of the last year.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bousquet
- MACVIA-France, Fondation partenariale FMC VIA-LR, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, Villejuif, France.,3UMR-S 1168, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Euforea, Brussels, Belgium.,CHRU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C A Akdis
- 5Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - C Grattan
- 6St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - P A Eigenmann
- 7Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- 8Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P W Hellings
- Euforea, Brussels, Belgium.,9Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - I Agache
- 10Transylvania University Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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46
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Transcriptomic and functional network features of lung squamous cell carcinoma through integrative analysis of GEO and TCGA data. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15834. [PMID: 30367091 PMCID: PMC6203807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is associated with poor clinical prognosis and lacks available targeted therapy. Novel molecules are urgently required for the diagnosis and prognosis of LUSC. Here, we conducted our data mining analysis for LUSC by integrating the differentially expressed genes acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database by comparing tumor tissues versus normal tissues (GSE8569, GSE21933, GSE33479, GSE33532, GSE40275, GSE62113, GSE74706) into The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database which includes 502 tumors and 49 adjacent non-tumor lung tissues. We identified intersections of 129 genes (91 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated) between GEO data and TCGA data. Based on these genes, we conducted our downstream analysis including functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and survival analysis. This study may provide more insight into the transcriptomic and functional features of LUSC through integrative analysis of GEO and TCGA data and suggests therapeutic targets and biomarkers for LUSC.
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Gelfand EW, Schedel M. Molecular Endotypes Contribute to the Heterogeneity of Asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2018; 38:655-665. [PMID: 30342586 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of asthma is commonly implemented based on clinical assessment. Although these nonmolecular biomarkers have been useful, limited resolution of the heterogeneity among asthmatic patients and little information regarding the underlying pathobiology of disease in individuals have been provided. Molecular endotying using global transcriptome expression profiling associated with clinical features of asthma has improved our understanding of disease mechanisms, risk assessment of asthma exacerbations, and treatment responses, especially in patients with type 2 inflammation. Further advances in establishing pathobiological subgroups, bioactive pathways, and true disease endotypes hold potential for a more personalized medical approach in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Michaela Schedel
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Ferguson KT, McQuattie-Pimentel AC, Malsin ES, Sporn PHS. Dynamics of Influenza-induced Lung-Resident Memory T Cells, Anatomically and Functionally Distinct Lung Mesenchymal Populations, and Dampening of Acute Lung Injury by Neutrophil Transfer of Micro-RNA-223 to Lung Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:397-399. [PMID: 29641210 PMCID: PMC6189642 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0047ro] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keith T. Ferguson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Alexandra C. McQuattie-Pimentel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Elizabeth S. Malsin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Peter H. S. Sporn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
- Medical and Research Services, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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49
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Royer DJ, Elliott MH, Le YZ, Carr DJJ. Corneal Epithelial Cells Exhibit Myeloid Characteristics and Present Antigen via MHC Class II. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:1512-1522. [PMID: 29625473 PMCID: PMC5861930 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the impact of ocular surface insults on the immunomodulatory capacity and phenotype of corneal epithelial cells (CECs) with a focus on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods Corneas were harvested from mice 6 days following scratch injury, ragweed pollen-induced allergy, or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection and compared to healthy tissue controls. Corneas were enzymatically digested and CECs phenotypically characterized using flow cytometry. CECs were defined as epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive CD45-negative cells. CECs were assessed by PCR to evaluate EMT-associated transcripts. Recombinant HSV-1 and transgenic mice were utilized to investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) on the phenotype observed. The immunomodulatory potential of CECs was assessed in coculture assays with ovalbumin-specific CD4 T cells. Results Ectopic expression of classic "myeloid" antigens Ly6G, CCR2, and CX3CR1 was identified in CEC subsets from all groups with evidence supporting an underlying partial EMT event resulting from loss of cell-cell contacts. Corneal HSV-1 infection induced Ly6C expression and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II upregulation in CECs through a VEGFA-linked mechanism. These Ly6C+ MHC-II+ CECs were found to function as amateur antigen-presenting cells and induced CD4 T cell proliferation in vitro. Conclusions This study characterizes a novel immunomodulatory CEC phenotype with possible implications for immune privilege, chronic inflammation, and tissue fibrosis. Moreover, the identification of CECs masquerading with multiple "myeloid" antigens warrants careful evaluation of flow cytometry data involving corneal digests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Royer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Yun Z Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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50
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Rout-Pitt N, Farrow N, Parsons D, Donnelley M. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT): a universal process in lung diseases with implications for cystic fibrosis pathophysiology. Respir Res 2018; 19:136. [PMID: 30021582 PMCID: PMC6052671 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that arises due to mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator gene, which encodes for a protein responsible for ion transport out of epithelial cells. This leads to a disruption in transepithelial Cl-, Na + and HCO3− ion transport and the subsequent dehydration of the airway epithelium, resulting in infection, inflammation and development of fibrotic tissue. Unlike in CF, fibrosis in other lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has been well characterised. One of the driving forces behind fibrosis is Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), a process where epithelial cells lose epithelial proteins including E-Cadherin, which is responsible for tight junctions. The cell moves to a more mesenchymal phenotype as it gains mesenchymal markers such as N-Cadherin (providing the cells with migration potential), Vimentin and Fibronectin (proteins excreted to help form the extracellular matrix), and the fibroblast proliferation transcription factors Snail, Slug and Twist. This review paper explores the EMT process in a range of lung diseases, details the common links that these have to cystic fibrosis, and explores how understanding EMT in cystic fibrosis may open up novel methods of treating patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Rout-Pitt
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. .,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.
| | - Nigel Farrow
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.,Australian Respiratory Epithelium Consortium (AusRec), Perth, Western Australia, 6105, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.,Australian Respiratory Epithelium Consortium (AusRec), Perth, Western Australia, 6105, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia
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