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Baggett KH, Brandon TG, Xiao R, Weiss PF. Association of Infant Breastfeeding and Juvenile Spondyloarthritis: A Case-Control Study. J Rheumatol 2024; 51:708-714. [PMID: 38561193 PMCID: PMC11216860 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the multifactorial pathogenesis of juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA) and evidence of a protective effect in phenotypically similar diseases, we aimed to test whether breastfeeding is associated with the development and disease activity of JSpA. METHODS This single-center retrospective case-control study included children with JSpA and age- and sex-matched controls with a 1:1 ratio. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression modeling for matched pairs was used to test the association of infant factors with the development of JSpA, including infant nutrition and form of delivery. Linear regression was used to assess the association of JSpA disease activity (JSpA Disease Activity Index with 6 elements [JSpADA6]) at presentation with breastfeeding exposure, form of delivery, and antibiotic exposure. RESULTS For the 195 case-control matched pairs, the mean age was 13.0 years and 47.7% were female. For breastfeeding, 88.7% of controls and 69.2% of JSpA cases were exposed to breastfeeding of any duration, respectively (P < 0.001). In the multivariable model, exclusive breastfeeding > 6 months was independently and significantly associated with a lower chance of JSpA development (odds ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.72; P < 0.001). The median JSpADA6 was not significantly associated with breastfeeding for > 6 months. However, vaginal delivery was significantly associated with a lower JSpADA6 (B = -0.65, 95% CI -1.13 to -0.17; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION This study suggests that infant factors that affect the microbiome may be associated with the occurrence and disease activity of JSpA at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn H Baggett
- K.H. Baggett, BSc, T.G. Brandon, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Futures at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Timothy G Brandon
- K.H. Baggett, BSc, T.G. Brandon, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Futures at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Rui Xiao
- R. Xiao, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Pamela F Weiss
- P.F. Weiss, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, and Clinical Futures at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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2
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Nagafuji M, Fujiyama S, Ishii R, Shime M, Kitatsu T, Hoshino Y, Kanai Y, Arai J, Miyazono Y, Takada H. Effect of maturation at birth on the clinical features of neonatal cow's milk protein allergy: A retrospective study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 79:48-53. [PMID: 38356291 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal immune regulation transitions from fetal immunity and varies with maturation status, but its role in neonatal cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) remains unknown. We studied the association between maturation status at birth and neonatal CMPA. Clinical and laboratory data of neonates presenting with CMPA symptoms were retrospectively collected from two tertiary hospitals. Patients were assessed according to gestational age at birth: preterm, late-preterm, and full-term. Fifty-five infants (26 females, 14 preterm, 15 late-preterm, and 26 full-term) were included; 44 were negative for milk-specific immunoglobulin E. Neonatal CMPA was common during moderately premature periods. Preterm infants exhibited longer latency from initial CM exposure to disease onset, lower incidence of bloody stool, and absence of elevated monocyte counts. However, immunoreactivity to CM antigens was retained in all infants. Neonatal CMPA features varied with infant maturation status at birth. Our results improve the understanding of intestinal immunity development, fetal/neonatal immune regulation, and CMPA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomichi Nagafuji
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryota Ishii
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michiru Shime
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kitatsu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hoshino
- Department of Neonatology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yu Kanai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Arai
- Department of Neonatology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yayoi Miyazono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Takada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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3
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Zheng X, Lei W, Zhang Y, Jin H, Han C, Wu F, Jia C, Zeng R, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu Q, Yao Z, Yu Y, Zhou J. Neuropilin-1 high monocytes protect against neonatal inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:575-588. [PMID: 38632385 PMCID: PMC11143335 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonates are susceptible to inflammatory disorders such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) due to their immature immune system. The timely appearance of regulatory immune cells in early life contributes to the control of inflammation in neonates, yet the underlying mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a subset of neonatal monocytes characterized by high levels of neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), termed Nrp1high monocytes. Compared with their Nrp1low counterparts, Nrp1high monocytes displayed potent immunosuppressive activity. Nrp1 deficiency in myeloid cells aggravated the severity of NEC, whereas adoptive transfer of Nrp1high monocytes led to remission of NEC. Mechanistic studies showed that Nrp1, by binding to its ligand Sema4a, induced intracellular p38-MAPK/mTOR signaling and activated the transcription factor KLF4. KLF4 transactivated Nos2 and enhanced the production of nitric oxide (NO), a key mediator of immunosuppression in monocytes. These findings reveal an important immunosuppressive axis in neonatal monocytes and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for treating inflammatory disorders in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zheng
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Institute of Pediatric Health and Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Pediatric Immunity and Healthcare Biomedical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510320, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Cha Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Pediatric Health and Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Chonghong Jia
- Institute of Pediatric Health and Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Ruihong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of oncology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Sex Hormones and Diseases, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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4
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Zhang M, Qiao H, Yang S, Kwok LY, Zhang H, Zhang W. Human Breast Milk: The Role of Its Microbiota and Metabolites in Infant Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10665-10678. [PMID: 38691667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the role of microorganisms and metabolites in human breast milk and their impact on neonatal health. Breast milk serves as both a primary source of nutrition for newborns and contributes to the development and maturation of the digestive, immunological, and neurological systems. It has the potential to reduce the risks of infections, allergies, and asthma. As our understanding of the properties of human milk advances, there is growing interest in incorporating its benefits into personalized infant nutrition strategies, particularly in situations in which breastfeeding is not an option. Future infant formula products are expected to emulate the composition and advantages of human milk, aligning with an evolving understanding of infant nutrition. The long-term health implications of human milk are still under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Shuwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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5
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Fernandes KA, Lim AI. Maternal-driven immune education in offspring. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:288-302. [PMID: 38445769 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Maternal environmental exposures, particularly during gestation and lactation, significantly influence the immunological development and long-term immunity of offspring. Mammalian immune systems develop through crucial inputs from the environment, beginning in utero and continuing after birth. These critical developmental windows are essential for proper immune system development and, once closed, may not be reopened. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which maternal exposures, particularly to pathogens, diet, and microbiota, impact offspring immunity. Mechanisms driving maternal-offspring immune crosstalk include transfer of maternal antibodies, changes in the maternal microbiome and microbiota-derived metabolites, and transfer of immune cells and cytokines via the placenta and breastfeeding. We further discuss the role of transient maternal infections, which are common during pregnancy, in providing tissue-specific immune education to offspring. We propose a "maternal-driven immune education" hypothesis, which suggests that offspring can use maternal encounters that occur during a critical developmental window to develop optimal immune fitness against infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai Ing Lim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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6
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Silva-Neto LGR, Grotti Clemente AP, Bueno NB, Dos Santos TLF, Dos Santos Neto JE, de Menezes Toledo Florêncio TM. The Double Burden of Malnutrition is Associated with Continued Breastfeeding and Early Consumption of Ultra-Processed Drinks in Socially Vulnerable Brazilian Children. Ecol Food Nutr 2024; 63:160-173. [PMID: 38414231 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2024.2322732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association between the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) with continued breastfeeding and the early introduction of ultra-processed drinks in children living in situations of social vulnerability. This cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in a capital city in the Northeast of Brazil, which included 561 children. It was observed that introducing soft drinks into the child's diet during the first year of life was directly associated with DBM but indirectly with continuous breastfeeding for 12 or more months. These results indicate paths that can be followed to reverse the current scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro Silva-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Grotti Clemente
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil
| | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil
| | | | - João Eudes Dos Santos Neto
- Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo Florêncio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil
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7
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Zheng SJ, Luo Y, Wang JB, Chen XM, Xu Y, Xiao JH. Regulated intestinal microbiota and gut immunity to ameliorate type 1 diabetes mellitus: A novel mechanism for stem cell-based therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116033. [PMID: 38128181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although stem cell transplantation is an effective strategy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. We hypothesized that stem cells target gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal immunity to promote therapeutic effects against T1DM. We investigated the effects of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) on intestinal microbiota and mucosal immunity in streptozotocin-induced T1DM mice. hAMSCs promoted significant reductions in blood glucose levels and increased the number of insulin-secreting cells in the T1DM model. Compared with T1DM model mice, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant differences in the composition, diversity, and abundance of microbiota in the ileum of hAMSC-treated mice. Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Alcaligenes species were among the 15 most abundant differential bacterial species. LC-MS revealed significant changes in ileal metabolites, and among the top 100 differential metabolites identified, we found that a significant increase in taurine was closely associated with hAMSC therapy. Additionally, we detected significant differences between the two groups with respect to the frequency and phenotype of CD4+ T cell subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes, and hAMSCs promoted significant increases in Th2 and Treg cell frequencies and reduced the frequencies of Th1 and Th17 cells. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed pairwise correlations between differential microflora and differential metabolites and immune signatures. hAMSCs thus have positive effects on the microbiota and their metabolites in the ileum and intestinal mucosal immunity in T1DM. Our findings indicate that gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal immunity may play vital roles in the hAMSC-based treatment of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Research Center for Translational Medicine in Colleges and Universities, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Jian-Bin Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Research Center for Translational Medicine in Colleges and Universities, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Research Center for Translational Medicine in Colleges and Universities, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Research Center for Translational Medicine in Colleges and Universities, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China; Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi 563003, China.
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8
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Peppas I, Ford AM, Furness CL, Greaves MF. Gut microbiome immaturity and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:565-576. [PMID: 37280427 PMCID: PMC10243253 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer of childhood. Here, we map emerging evidence suggesting that children with ALL at the time of diagnosis may have a delayed maturation of the gut microbiome compared with healthy children. This finding may be associated with early-life epidemiological factors previously identified as risk indicators for childhood ALL, including caesarean section birth, diminished breast feeding and paucity of social contacts. The consistently observed deficiency in short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacterial taxa in children with ALL has the potential to promote dysregulated immune responses and to, ultimately, increase the risk of transformation of preleukaemic clones in response to common infectious triggers. These data endorse the concept that a microbiome deficit in early life may contribute to the development of the major subtypes of childhood ALL and encourage the notion of risk-reducing microbiome-targeted intervention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Peppas
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Anthony M Ford
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Caroline L Furness
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Mel F Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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9
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Eudy BJ, Odle J, Lin X, Maltecca C, Walter KR, McNulty NP, Fellner V, Jacobi SK. Dietary Prebiotic Oligosaccharides and Arachidonate Alter the Fecal Microbiota and Mucosal Lipid Composition of Suckling Pigs. J Nutr 2023; 153:2249-2262. [PMID: 37348760 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early intestinal development is important to infant vitality, and optimal formula composition can promote gut health. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate the effects of arachidonate (ARA) and/or prebiotic oligosaccharide (PRE) supplementation in formula on the development of the microbial ecosystem and colonic health parameters. METHODS Newborn piglets were fed 4 formulas containing ARA [0.5 compared with 2.5% of dietary fatty acids (FAs)] and PRE (0 compared with 8 g/L, containing a 1:1 mixture of galactooligosaccharides and polydextrose) in a 2 x 2 factorial design for 22 d. Fecal samples were collected weekly and analyzed for relative microbial abundance. Intestinal samples were collected on day 22 and analyzed for mucosal FAs, pH, and short-chain FAs (SCFAs). RESULTS PRE supplementation significantly increased genera within Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, including Anaerostipes, Mitsuokella, Prevotella, Clostridium IV, and Bulleidia, and resulted in progressive separation from controls as determined by Principal Coordinates Analysis. Concentrations of SCFA increased from 70.98 to 87.37 mM, with an accompanying reduction in colonic pH. ARA supplementation increased the ARA content of the colonic mucosa from 2.35-5.34% of total FAs. PRE supplementation also altered mucosal FA composition, resulting in increased linoleic acid (11.52-16.33% of total FAs) and ARA (2.35-5.16% of total FAs). CONCLUSIONS Prebiotic supplementation during the first 22 d of life altered the gut microbiota of piglets and increased the abundance of specific bacterial genera. These changes correlated with increased SCFA, which may benefit intestinal development. Although dietary ARA did not alter the microbiota, it increased the ARA content of the colonic mucosa, which may support intestinal development and epithelial repair. Prebiotic supplementation also increased unsaturation of FAs in the colonic mucosa. Although the mechanism requires further investigation, it may be related to altered microbial ecology or biohydrogenation of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Eudy
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jack Odle
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kathleen R Walter
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nathan P McNulty
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vivek Fellner
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sheila K Jacobi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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10
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Paschold L, Gottschick C, Langer S, Klee B, Diexer S, Aksentijevich I, Schultheiß C, Purschke O, Riese P, Trittel S, Haase R, Dressler F, Eberl W, Hübner J, Strowig T, Guzman CA, Mikolajczyk R, Binder M. T cell repertoire breadth is associated with the number of acute respiratory infections in the LoewenKIDS birth cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9516. [PMID: 37308563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We set out to gain insight into peripheral blood B and T cell repertoires from 120 infants of the LoewenKIDS birth cohort to investigate potential determinants of early life respiratory infections. Low antigen-dependent somatic hypermutation of B cell repertoires, as well as low T and B cell repertoire clonality, high diversity, and high richness especially in public T cell clonotypes reflected the immunological naivety at 12 months of age when high thymic and bone marrow output are associated with relatively few prior antigen encounters. Infants with inadequately low T cell repertoire diversity or high clonality showed higher numbers of acute respiratory infections over the first 4 years of life. No correlation of T or B cell repertoire metrics with other parameters such as sex, birth mode, older siblings, pets, the onset of daycare, or duration of breast feeding was noted. Together, this study supports that-regardless of T cell functionality-the breadth of the T cell repertoire is associated with the number of acute respiratory infections in the first 4 years of life. Moreover, this study provides a valuable resource of millions of T and B cell receptor sequences from infants with available metadata for researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Paschold
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susan Langer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Klee
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophie Diexer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Oliver Purschke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peggy Riese
- Department Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Trittel
- Department Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roland Haase
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Hospital St. Elisabeth und St. Barbara, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Dressler
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eberl
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Braunschweig, 38118, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johannes Hübner
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig- Maximilians-University Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzman
- Department Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 40314031, Basel, Switzerland.
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11
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Rak K, Styczyńska M, Godyla-Jabłoński M, Bronkowska M. Some Immune Parameters of Term Newborns at Birth Are Associated with the Concentration of Iron, Copper and Magnesium in Maternal Serum. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081908. [PMID: 37111127 PMCID: PMC10141145 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional status of pregnant women is considered to affect fetal development and the health condition of newborns, including their immune system. We investigated the relationship between the concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) in maternal serum (MS) and the concentrations of IgG antibodies and antineutrophil cytoplasmatic auto-antibodies against lactoferrin (Lf-ANCA) in umbilical cord serum (UCS). IgG was considered as a promoter of immunity, and Lf-ANCA as an inhibitor. The examined group consisted of 98 pregnant women and their healthy term newborn children. The concentrations of mineral elements were measured by FAAS/FAES, while the concentrations of antibodies were determined by ELISA. Excessive MS Fe and insufficient MS Cu were related to insufficient UCS IgG and excessive UCS Lf-ANCA. The correlation analysis showed confirming results. Adequate UCS IgG and Lf-ANCA were related to MS Mg at the strictly lower limit of the reference values. The results obtained seem to suggest that an excess of Fe and a deficiency of Cu in pregnancy may adversely affect some immune parameters of newborns. Reference values for MS Mg are likely to require reconsideration. It would be advisable to monitor the nutritional status of pregnant women with minerals in order to support the immune capacity of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Rak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marzena Styczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michaela Godyla-Jabłoński
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Salutis Humanae, University of Opole, 45-060 Opole, Poland
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12
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Donovan SM, Aghaeepour N, Andres A, Azad MB, Becker M, Carlson SE, Järvinen KM, Lin W, Lönnerdal B, Slupsky CM, Steiber AL, Raiten DJ. Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 4. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117 Suppl 1:S61-S86. [PMID: 37173061 PMCID: PMC10356565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains all of the essential nutrients required by the infant within a complex matrix that enhances the bioavailability of many of those nutrients. In addition, human milk is a source of bioactive components, living cells and microbes that facilitate the transition to life outside the womb. Our ability to fully appreciate the importance of this matrix relies on the recognition of short- and long-term health benefits and, as highlighted in previous sections of this supplement, its ecology (i.e., interactions among the lactating parent and breastfed infant as well as within the context of the human milk matrix itself). Designing and interpreting studies to address this complexity depends on the availability of new tools and technologies that account for such complexity. Past efforts have often compared human milk to infant formula, which has provided some insight into the bioactivity of human milk, as a whole, or of individual milk components supplemented with formula. However, this experimental approach cannot capture the contributions of the individual components to the human milk ecology, the interaction between these components within the human milk matrix, or the significance of the matrix itself to enhance human milk bioactivity on outcomes of interest. This paper presents approaches to explore human milk as a biological system and the functional implications of that system and its components. Specifically, we discuss study design and data collection considerations and how emerging analytical technologies, bioinformatics, and systems biology approaches could be applied to advance our understanding of this critical aspect of human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Martin Becker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Raiten
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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The Proportion of Recent Thymic Emigrant Lymphocytes in Breastfed and Formula Fed Term Neonates. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041028. [PMID: 36839384 PMCID: PMC9967012 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) represent a distinct T cell subset characterized by a tolerance-prone status. We have recently demonstrated that the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is nearly two-fold higher in exclusively breastfed compared with exclusively formula-fed neonates. However, it has been unknown whether the type of milk is also associated with the proportion of the RTE cell compartment. Cord blood (CB) and, at three weeks of age, peripheral venous blood samples were collected from 19 healthy-term neonates. A maternal blood sample was also taken. The proportion of RTEs, naïve CD4 cells, naïve RTEs, and Tregs was analyzed by flow cytometry in blood samples. RTE cell proportions were comparable between CB and 3 weeks. At both time points, there was no difference in the proportion of naïve CD4 cells, RTE CD4 cells, and naïve RTE CD4 cells between the feeding groups. The fold change of RTE cells between birth and three weeks of life was highest in mixed-fed babies. Since RTE counts were comparable across the feeding groups at birth, this most likely reflects a postnatal upregulation, to which the dual antigenic exposure to both non-inherited maternal antigens via breastmilk, as well as to other environmental antigens in formula milk, may contribute.
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14
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Relation of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Factors and Childhood Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Pre-School Children Aged 2-5 Years Old. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59010179. [PMID: 36676802 PMCID: PMC9867101 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Asthma constitutes a constant, prolonged, inflammation-related pulmonary disorder in childhood with serious public health concerns. Several maternal risk factors can enhance the prevalence of its development in this stage of life; however, the currently available data remain contradictory and/or inconsistent. We aim to evaluate the potential impacts of mothers' sociodemographic, anthropometric and prenatal and perinatal factors on the prevalence of developing asthma in pre-school children. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional survey, which includes 5133 women and their matched pre-school children. Childhood asthma was diagnosed using validated questionnaires. Statistical analysis was accomplished to evaluate whether maternal sociodemographic, anthropometric and prenatal and perinatal factors can increase the probability of childhood asthma in pre-school age. Results: A prevalence of 4.5% of childhood asthma was recorded in pre-school age. Maternal age and pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, caesarean section, gestational diabetes and hypertension and not breastfeeding were associated with childhood asthma after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. Conclusion: Our research showed that several maternal factors increase the prevalence of childhood asthma in pre-school age. Suitable and effective health policies and strategies should be taken into account to confront the predominant maternal factors that increase its prevalence in pre-school age.
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15
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Strachan E, Clemente-Casares X, Tsai S. Maternal provisions in type 1 diabetes: Evidence for both protective & pathogenic potential. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146082. [PMID: 37033940 PMCID: PMC10073710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal influences on the immune health and development of an infant begin in utero and continue well into the postnatal period, shaping and educating the child's maturing immune system. Two maternal provisions include early microbial colonizers to initiate microbiota establishment and the transfer of antibodies from mother to baby. Maternal antibodies are a result of a lifetime of antigenic experience, reflecting the infection history, health and environmental exposure of the mother. These same factors are strong influencers of the microbiota, inexorably linking the two. Together, these provisions help to educate the developing neonatal immune system and shape lymphocyte repertoires, establishing a role for external environmental influences even before birth. In the context of autoimmunity, the transfer of maternal autoantibodies has the potential to be harmful for the child, sometimes targeting tissues and cells with devastating consequences. Curiously, this does not seem to apply to maternal autoantibody transfer in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Moreover, despite the rising prevalence of the disease, little research has been conducted on the effects of maternal dysbiosis or antibody transfer from an affected mother to her offspring and thus their relevance to disease development in the offspring remains unclear. This review seeks to provide a thorough evaluation of the role of maternal microorganisms and antibodies within the context of T1D, exploring both their pathogenic and protective potential. Although a definitive understanding of their significance in infant T1D development remains elusive at present, we endeavor to present what has been learned with the goal of spurring further interest in this important and intriguing question.
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16
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Gut Microbiota Associated with Gestational Health Conditions in a Sample of Mexican Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224818. [PMID: 36432504 PMCID: PMC9696207 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GD), pre-gestational diabetes (PD), and pre-eclampsia (PE) are morbidities affecting gestational health which have been associated with dysbiosis of the mother's gut microbiota. This study aimed to assess the extent of change in the gut microbiota diversity, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, and fecal metabolites profile in a sample of Mexican women affected by these disorders. Fecal samples were collected from women with GD, PD, or PE in the third trimester of pregnancy, along with clinical and biochemical data. Gut microbiota was characterized by high-throughput DNA sequencing of V3-16S rRNA gene libraries; SCFA and metabolites were measured by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and (Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), respectively, in extracts prepared from feces. Although the results for fecal microbiota did not show statistically significant differences in alfa diversity for GD, PD, and PE concerning controls, there was a difference in beta diversity for GD versus CO, and a high abundance of Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroidota among gestational health conditions. DESeq2 analysis revealed bacterial genera associated with each health condition; the Spearman's correlation analyses showed selected anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, and SCFA metadata associated with specific bacterial abundances, and although the HPLC did not show relevant differences in SCFA content among the studied groups, FT-ICR MS disclosed the presence of interesting metabolites of complex phenolic, valeric, arachidic, and caprylic acid nature. The major conclusion of our work is that GD, PD, and PE are associated with fecal bacterial microbiota profiles, with distinct predictive metagenomes.
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17
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Chen Q, Yin Q, Xie Q, Jiang C, Zhou L, Liu J, Li B, Jiang S. 2'-Fucosyllactose Promotes the Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Improves Immune Function in Human-Microbiota-Associated Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13615-13625. [PMID: 36251343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a natural prebiotic in human milk, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is actively used in infant formula (IF). However, the 2'-FL influence on the improvement of gut microbiota and the regulation of the immune function remains unknown. In this study, human microbiota-associated (HMA) mice were used to demonstrate that feeding 2'-FL-containing IF was comparable to human milk at levels of immune cytokines (IL-2, IL-9, IL-10, and sIgA) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, i.e., acetate and propionate). In addition, 2'-FL increased the abundance of Blautia and Olsenella and improved the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. The abundance of Blautia and Olsenella positively correlated with the IL-10 levels. 2'-FL also decreased the abundance of Enterorhabdus and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 and elevated SCFA levels, showing a negative correlation between these genera and SCFAs. Our findings revealed that feeding 2'-FL-containing IF drives the levels of cytokines and SCFAs toward human milk levels by shaping the beneficial gut microbiota profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Chen
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianlong Yin
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Company, Limited, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 164800, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuqi Jiang
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Company, Limited, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 164800, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyi Zhou
- College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Company, Limited, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 164800, People's Republic of China
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18
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The Impact of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Neonatal Regulatory T Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183670. [PMID: 36145046 PMCID: PMC9503436 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the first weeks of life, the neonatal gastrointestinal tract is rapidly colonised by a diverse range of microbial species that come to form the ‘gut microbiota’. Microbial colonisation of the neonatal gut is a well-established regulator of several physiological processes that contribute to immunological protection in postnatal life, including the development of the intestinal mucosa and adaptive immunity. However, the specific microbiota-derived signals that mediate these processes have not yet been fully characterised. Accumulating evidence suggests short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), end-products of intestinal bacterial metabolism, as one of the key mediators of immune development in early life. Critical to neonatal health is the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells that promote and maintain immunological tolerance against self and innocuous antigens. Several studies have shown that SCFAs can induce the differentiation and expansion of Tregs but also mediate pathological effects in abnormal amounts. However, the exact mechanisms through which SCFAs regulate Treg development and pathologies in early life remain poorly defined. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge surrounding SCFAs and their potential impact on the neonatal immune system with a particular focus on Tregs, and the possible mechanisms through which SCFAs achieve their immune modulatory effect.
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19
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Chen Q, Xie Q, Jiang C, Evivie SE, Cao T, Wang Z, Zhao L, Liang S, Li B, Huo G. Infant formula supplemented with 1,3-olein-2-palmitin regulated the immunity, gut microbiota, and metabolites of mice colonized by feces from healthy infants. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6405-6421. [PMID: 35840401 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Infant formula is currently an important food to cope with insufficient breastfeeding. Although 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO) has been used in infant formula, its effects on the immune system, gut microbiota, and metabolites for infants remain unclear. This study constructed a mouse model of colonizing healthy infant feces using antibiotic treatment and fecal microbial transplantation. Thus, the gap between the infant formula supplemented with OPO and human milk in mouse serum biochemistry, immune system, intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acid production, and metabolites was evaluated. Our results showed that regarding IL-9, IL-10 levels, fecal secretory IgA, and endotoxin, formula supplemented with OPO and human milk types had comparable levels. Additionally, OPO slightly increased the content of short-chain fatty acids. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and metabonomics analysis demonstrated that feeding different foods affects the gut microbiota of mice; in particular, supplementing formula feeding with OPO enriched the abundance of bifidobacteria. Furthermore, feeding different foods leads to unique intestinal content of metabolites, and the gut microbiota regulates the metabolites' differences. Our results reveal a brand new perspective of OPO regarding gut microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. Ltd., Qiqihaer 164800, China
| | - Chuqi Jiang
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. Ltd., Qiqihaer 164800, China
| | - Smith Etareri Evivie
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Ting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zengbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shengnan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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20
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González-Madrid E, Rangel-Ramírez MA, Mendoza-León MJ, Álvarez-Mardones O, González PA, Kalergis AM, Opazo MC, Riedel CA. Risk Factors from Pregnancy to Adulthood in Multiple Sclerosis Outcome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137080. [PMID: 35806081 PMCID: PMC9266360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a robust inflammatory response against myelin sheath antigens, which causes astrocyte and microglial activation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple genetic predispositions and environmental factors are known to influence the immune response in autoimmune diseases, such as MS, and in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Although the predisposition to suffer from MS seems to be a multifactorial process, a highly sensitive period is pregnancy due to factors that alter the development and differentiation of the CNS and the immune system, which increases the offspring’s susceptibility to develop MS. In this regard, there is evidence that thyroid hormone deficiency during gestation, such as hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia, may increase susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as MS. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the gestational period for the development of MS in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González-Madrid
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Ma. Andreina Rangel-Ramírez
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - María José Mendoza-León
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Oscar Álvarez-Mardones
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ma. Cecilia Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Manuel Montt 948, Providencia 7500000, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Laboratorio Endocrinología-Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (E.G.-M.); (M.A.R.-R.); (M.J.M.-L.); (O.Á.-M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (P.A.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.C.O.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Bellinghausen I, Khatri R, Saloga J. Current Strategies to Modulate Regulatory T Cell Activity in Allergic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912529. [PMID: 35720406 PMCID: PMC9205643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, atopic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, increased strongly worldwide, reaching up to 50% in industrialized countries. These diseases are characterized by a dominating type 2 immune response and reduced numbers of allergen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells. Conventional allergen-specific immunotherapy is able to tip the balance towards immunoregulation. However, in mouse models of allergy adaptive transfer of Treg cells did not always lead to convincing beneficial results, partially because of limited stability of their regulatory phenotype activity. Besides genetic predisposition, it has become evident that environmental factors like a westernized lifestyle linked to modern sanitized living, the early use of antibiotics, and the consumption of unhealthy foods leads to epithelial barrier defects and dysbiotic microbiota, thereby preventing immune tolerance and favoring the development of allergic diseases. Epigenetic modification of Treg cells has been described as one important mechanism in this context. In this review, we summarize how environmental factors affect the number and function of Treg cells in allergic inflammation and how this knowledge can be exploited in future allergy prevention strategies as well as novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Bellinghausen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rahul Khatri
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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22
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Boudar Z, Sehli S, El Janahi S, Al Idrissi N, Hamdi S, Dini N, Brim H, Amzazi S, Nejjari C, Lloyd-Puryear M, Ghazal H. Metagenomics Approaches to Investigate the Neonatal Gut Microbiome. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:886627. [PMID: 35799697 PMCID: PMC9253679 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.886627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early infancy is critical for the development of an infant's gut flora. Many factors can influence microbiota development during the pre- and postnatal periods, including maternal factors, antibiotic exposure, mode of delivery, dietary patterns, and feeding type. Therefore, investigating the connection between these variables and host and microbiome interactions in neonatal development would be of great interest. As the "unculturable" era of microbiome research gives way to an intrinsically multidisciplinary field, microbiome research has reaped the advantages of technological advancements in next-generation sequencing, particularly 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun sequencing, which have considerably expanded our knowledge about gut microbiota development during early life. Using omics approaches to explore the neonatal microbiome may help to better understand the link between the microbiome and newborn diseases. Herein, we summarized the metagenomics methods and tools used to advance knowledge on the neonatal microbiome origin and evolution and how the microbiome shapes early and late individuals' lives for health and disease. The way to overcome limitations in neonatal microbiome studies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Boudar
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sofia Sehli
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sara El Janahi
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Najib Al Idrissi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salsabil Hamdi
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nouzha Dini
- Mother and Child Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Saaïd Amzazi
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Hassan Ghazal
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
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23
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Breastfeeding has no protective effects on the development of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:353. [PMID: 35725463 PMCID: PMC9208131 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limiting vasculitis with an unknown etiology. It has been reported that breastfeeding has a potential protective effect on KD development. However, whether breastfeeding has an effect on the development of coronary artery lesions (CALs) remains unclear. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with the main diagnosis of KD hospitalized in our hospital from May 2017 to November 2018. Standardized telephone interviews were carried out to obtain feeding practices before KD was onset. Results Two hundred and ninety-three (51.6%) were exclusively breastfed, 223 (39.3%) were partially breastfed and 52 (9.2%) were formula fed. There were no significant differences in the characteristics regarding age, gender, incomplete KD, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, and the laboratory variables among the three groups. With formula feeding as a reference, patients exclusively breastfed and partially breastfed seemed to have a higher incidence of CALs, even after adjusting confounders, but were not statistically significant. After grouping patients who were older than six months into formula feeding, partial breastfeeding for < 2 months, partial breastfeeding for ≥ 2 and < 4 months, partial breastfeeding for ≥ 4 and < 6 months and exclusively breastfeeding based on the length of breastfeeding, the results remained the same (P > 0.05). Conclusions Breastfeeding has no protective effect on the development of CALs in KD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03422-y.
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24
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Ponsonby AL, Collier F, O'Hely M, Tang MLK, Ranganathan S, Gray L, Morwitch E, Saffery R, Burgner D, Dwyer T, Sly PD, Harrison LC, Vuillermin P. Household size, T regulatory cell development, and early allergic disease: a birth cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13810. [PMID: 35754137 PMCID: PMC9545943 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born to larger households have less allergic disease. T regulatory cell (Treg) development may be a relevant mechanism, but this has not been studied longitudinally. OBJECTIVE We aim to (i) describe how prenatal and postnatal environmental factors are associated with Treg development and (ii) investigate whether serial Treg measures predict allergic outcomes at 1 year of age. METHODS A birth cohort (n = 1074) with information on prenatal and postnatal early life factors. Both naïve Treg (nTreg) and activated Treg (aTreg) cell populations (as a proportion of CD4+ T cells) were available in 463 infants at birth (cord blood), 600 at 6 months, and 675 at 12 months. 191 infants had serial measures. Measures of allergic status at 12 months were polysensitization (sensitization to 2 or more allergens), clinically proven food allergy, atopic eczema, and atopic wheeze. RESULTS Infants born to larger households (3 or more residents) had higher longitudinal nTreg proportions over the first postnatal year with a mean difference (MD) of 0.67 (95% CI 0.30-1.04)%. Higher nTreg proportions at birth were associated with a reduced risk of infant allergic outcomes. Childcare attendance and breastfeeding were associated with higher longitudinal nTreg proportions (MD 0.48 (95% CI 0.08-0.80)%. CONCLUSION Multiple prenatal and postnatal microbial factors are associated with nTreg and aTreg development. Larger household size was associated with higher nTreg at birth which in turn was associated with reduced allergic sensitization and disease at 12 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Collier
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin O'Hely
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lawrence Gray
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellen Morwitch
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter D Sly
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Peter Vuillermin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Lokossou GAG, Kouakanou L, Schumacher A, Zenclussen AC. Human Breast Milk: From Food to Active Immune Response With Disease Protection in Infants and Mothers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849012. [PMID: 35450064 PMCID: PMC9016618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is associated with long-term wellbeing including low risks of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases such as asthma, cancer, autoimmune diseases and obesity during childhood. In recent years, important advances have been made in understanding the human breast milk (HBM) composition. Breast milk components such as, non-immune and immune cells and bioactive molecules, namely, cytokines/chemokines, lipids, hormones, and enzymes reportedly play many roles in breastfed newborns and in mothers, by diseases protection and shaping the immune system of the newborn. Bioactive components in HBM are also involved in tolerance and appropriate inflammatory response of breastfed infants if necessary. This review summarizes the current literature on the relationship between mother and her infant through breast milk with regard to disease protection. We will shed some light on the mechanisms underlying the roles of breast milk components in the maintenance of health of both child and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatien A. G. Lokossou
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Department Human Biology Engineering, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Léonce Kouakanou
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C. Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Chinique de Armas Y, Mavridou AM, Garcell Domínguez J, Hanson K, Laffoon J. Tracking breastfeeding and weaning practices in ancient populations by combining carbon, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes from multiple non-adult tissues. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262435. [PMID: 35108296 PMCID: PMC8809549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the potential of combining different isotope systems from different tissues to improve resolution when reconstructing breastfeeding and weaning practices (BWP) in archaeology. Additionally, we tested whether changes in diet can be detected in deciduous teeth. Rib collagen samples from 22 infants/children from the archaeological site of Bacuranao I (Mayabeque, Cuba) were processed for nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13Cco) stable isotopes and assessed using a Bayesian model (WARN). In addition, enamel of 48 teeth from 30 infants/children were analyzed for oxygen (δ18Oen) and carbon (δ13Cen) stable isotopes. Data revealed that the timing of weaning cannot be characterized precisely by analyzing either δ18O or δ15N. While a depletion in both δ15N and δ13Cco is only evident after one year, the WARN model suggested that the weaning process started at around 3 months and ended around 1.7 years. Most teeth were enriched in δ18Oen compared to deciduous incisors, suggesting a breastfeeding signal. However, a high variability in δ18O was found between similar teeth from the same individuals. Higher enrichment in δ18Oen, and variability, was observed in tissues formed during the first six months of life. A δ13C enrichment of 1.0‰ was observed among deciduous teeth and ribs. While most individuals enriched in δ15N showed enrichment in δ13C, the δ18O values were more variable. Our data suggests that stable isotopes of deciduous teeth, especially δ13Cen, can be used to detect changes in diet during the weaning process. It is also possible that the δ18O enrichment observed in M1 is influenced by the effects of cooking techniques on weaning foods. The combination of multiple isotope systems and tissues overcome some of the limitations posed by single tissue approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kaitlyn Hanson
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jason Laffoon
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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27
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Schaltz-Buchholzer F, Toldi G. The association between parental and neonatal BCG vaccination and neonatal T helper 17 cell expansion. Vaccine 2022; 40:1799-1804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Tools for optimizing risk assessment in hematopoietic cell transplant - What can we get away with? Hum Immunol 2022; 83:704-711. [PMID: 35120770 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is a critical modality to treat hematologic malignancies. The current objective of donor selection is to match donor and recipient at the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) peptide-binding region which should lower the risk of graft-versus-host disease. However, depending on the patient's ethnicity/race, finding a matched donor is challenging, especially for HLA-DPB1 which is due to the weak linkage disequilibrium between HLA-DPB1 and the other HLA class II loci. Recent evidence, on the molecular level, has shown that certain HLA mismatches carry lower clinical risk. More specifically, there is an increasing understanding of polymorphisms of the innate and adaptive immune systems and their impact on transplant outcomes, allowing us to expand our "toolkit" for optimization of donor selection in HCT. Therefore, in this review we discuss matching strategies based on comparing donor and recipient polymorphisms that may influence innate and adaptive immune response genes in allorecognition and the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms in non-HLA genes that have the potential for providing additional tools to refine risk stratification.
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29
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Molnar K, Riedel H, Schwarz J, Dietz S, Spring B, Haag L, Poets CF, Gille C, Köstlin-Gille N. Group B streptococci infection model shows decreased regulatory capacity of cord blood cells. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1407-1416. [PMID: 35165359 PMCID: PMC9700511 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Compared to adults, neonates are more susceptible to infections, especially to systemic infections with Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Furthermore, neonates show defects in terminating inflammation. The immunological causes for the increased susceptibility to infection and the prolonged inflammatory response are still incompletely understood. METHODS In the present study, we aimed to investigate the reaction of cord blood mononuclear cells (MNC) to stimulation with GBS in comparison to that of MNC from adult blood with focus on the proliferative response in an in vitro infection model with heat-inactivated GBS. RESULTS We demonstrate that after stimulation with GBS the proliferation of T cells from adult blood strongly decreased, while the proliferation of cord blood T cells remained unchanged. This effect could be traced back to a transformation of adult monocytes, but not cord blood monocytes, to a suppressive phenotype with increased expression of the co-inhibitory molecule programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). CONCLUSIONS These results point towards an increased inflammatory capacity of neonatal MNC after stimulation with GBS. Targeting the prolonged inflammatory response of neonatal immune cells may be a strategy to prevent complications of neonatal infections. IMPACT Neonatal sepsis often leads to post-inflammatory complications. Causes for sustained inflammation in neonates are incompletely understood. We show that cord blood T cells exhibited increased proliferative capacity after stimulation with group B streptococci (GBS) in comparison to adult T cells. Adult monocytes but not cord blood monocytes acquired suppressive activity and expressed increased levels of PD-L1 after GBS stimulation. Increased proliferative capacity of neonatal T cells and decreased suppressive activity of neonatal monocytes during GBS infection may contribute to prolonged inflammation and development of post-inflammatory diseases in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriszta Molnar
- grid.488549.cDepartment of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children’s Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hannah Riedel
- grid.488549.cDepartment of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children’s Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Schwarz
- grid.488549.cDepartment of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children’s Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dietz
- grid.488549.cDepartment of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children’s Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bärbel Spring
- grid.488549.cDepartment of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children’s Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Haag
- grid.488549.cDepartment of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children’s Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian F. Poets
- grid.488549.cDepartment of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children’s Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Natascha Köstlin-Gille
- grid.488549.cDepartment of Neonatology, Tübingen University Children’s Hospital, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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30
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Hoang MP, Samuthpongtorn J, Seresirikachorn K, Snidvongs K. Prolonged breastfeeding and protective effects against the development of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rhinology 2021; 60:82-91. [PMID: 34783797 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is insufficient evidence to confirm the protective effects of prolonged breastfeeding against the development of allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODOLOGY A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the associations between prolonged breastfeeding and AR symptoms later in life. Comparisons were conducted between breastfeeding durations less than 6 months and 6 months or more and between less than 12 months and 12 months or more. Exclusive breastfeeding and nonexclusive breastfeeding were analysed separately. Outcomes were risks of AR development later in life. RESULTS Twenty-three observational studies (161,611 children, age 2-18 years, 51.50% male) were included. Two studies (9%) were with high quality. Both exclusive and nonexclusive prolonged breastfeeding (6 months or more) decreased the risk of AR. The long-term (12 months or more) nonexclusive breastfeeding lowered the likelihood of AR compared to the 12 months or fewer. The long-term exclusive breastfeeding did not show the same protective effect; however, this result was restricted to only one study. CONCLUSIONS Exclusive breastfeeding and nonexclusive breastfeeding for 6 months or more may have protective effects against the development of AR up to 18 years of age. The findings should be interpreted with caution given the limitation of low-quality observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Hoang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Vietnam
| | - J Samuthpongtorn
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Seresirikachorn
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Snidvongs
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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31
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Jeong J, Lee HK. The Role of CD4 + T Cells and Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11822. [PMID: 34769255 PMCID: PMC8584410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease involving variable airflow limitations, exhibits two phenotypes: eosinophilic and neutrophilic. The asthma phenotype must be considered because the prognosis and drug responsiveness of eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma differ. CD4+ T cells are the main determinant of asthma phenotype. Th2, Th9 and Tfh cells mediate the development of eosinophilic asthma, whereas Th1 and Th17 cells mediate the development of neutrophilic asthma. Elucidating the biological roles of CD4+ T cells is thus essential for developing effective asthma treatments and predicting a patient's prognosis. Commensal bacteria also play a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Beneficial bacteria within the host act to suppress asthma, whereas harmful bacteria exacerbate asthma. Recent literature indicates that imbalances between beneficial and harmful bacteria affect the differentiation of CD4+ T cells, leading to the development of asthma. Correcting bacterial imbalances using probiotics reportedly improves asthma symptoms. In this review, we investigate the effects of crosstalk between the microbiota and CD4+ T cells on the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
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32
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Schlosser-Brandenburg J, Ebner F, Klopfleisch R, Kühl AA, Zentek J, Pieper R, Hartmann S. Influence of Nutrition and Maternal Bonding on Postnatal Lung Development in the Newborn Pig. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734153. [PMID: 34484245 PMCID: PMC8415798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microbial colonization and immune cell maturation coincide at mucosal sites and are decisive for postnatal lung development. How external factors influence neonatal pulmonary immune development is poorly understood. Objective To elucidate the impact of key determinants in early life, nutrition, and maternal bonding, on postnatal lung maturation in a human-relevant animal model. To investigate the underlying immunological changes of impaired lung maturation and study the mechanisms of conversion. Methods Newborn piglets were kept with or without isolation from their mothers and fed bovine milk-based infant formula or received milk of sow. Lung growth, histomorphology, respiratory immune responses, and lung microbiota were analyzed. Mother- and sow-milk-deprived piglets received maternal material or were reintroduced to the maternal environment at varying intervals to study options for reversal. Results Formula feeding combined with isolation of newborn piglets resulted in disturbed postnatal lung maturation. Reduced lung growth correlated with dampened IL-33 expression, impaired lung myeloid cell activation, and decreased Th1 differentiation, along with diminished richness and diversity of the lung microbiota. Transfer of bacteria-enriched maternal material reversed the negative effects on pulmonary immune maturation. Early (within 3 days) but not late (within 7 days) reintroduction to the mother allowed restoration of normal lung development. Conclusion Our findings reveal that lung growth, respiratory immunity, and microbial lung colonization in newborns depend on postnatal diet and maternal contact, and targeting these key regulators could promote lung development during this critical life stage. Summary Disturbances in natural diet and reduced maternal contact during the neonatal period impair postnatal lung maturation. In pediatrics, timely breast milk feeding and intensive maternal bonding represent valuable intervention measures to promote early postnatal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Schlosser-Brandenburg
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Ebner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, iPATH.Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kalbermatter C, Fernandez Trigo N, Christensen S, Ganal-Vonarburg SC. Maternal Microbiota, Early Life Colonization and Breast Milk Drive Immune Development in the Newborn. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683022. [PMID: 34054875 PMCID: PMC8158941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the oldest protection strategy that is conserved across all organisms. Although having an unspecific action, it is the first and fastest defense mechanism against pathogens. Development of predominantly the adaptive immune system takes place after birth. However, some key components of the innate immune system evolve during the prenatal period of life, which endows the newborn with the ability to mount an immune response against pathogenic invaders directly after birth. Undoubtedly, the crosstalk between maternal immune cells, antibodies, dietary antigens, and microbial metabolites originating from the maternal microbiota are the key players in preparing the neonate’s immunity to the outer world. Birth represents the biggest substantial environmental change in life, where the newborn leaves the protective amniotic sac and is exposed for the first time to a countless variety of microbes. Colonization of all body surfaces commences, including skin, lung, and gastrointestinal tract, leading to the establishment of the commensal microbiota and the maturation of the newborn immune system, and hence lifelong health. Pregnancy, birth, and the consumption of breast milk shape the immune development in coordination with maternal and newborn microbiota. Discrepancies in these fine-tuned microbiota interactions during each developmental stage can have long-term effects on disease susceptibility, such as metabolic syndrome, childhood asthma, or autoimmune type 1 diabetes. In this review, we will give an overview of the recent studies by discussing the multifaceted emergence of the newborn innate immune development in line with the importance of maternal and early life microbiota exposure and breast milk intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Kalbermatter
- Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nerea Fernandez Trigo
- Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Christensen
- Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg
- Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Gut microbial alterations in neonatal jaundice pre- and post-treatment. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228373. [PMID: 33860293 PMCID: PMC8150162 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal jaundice is a common disease that affects up to 60% of newborns. Herein, we performed a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome in neonatal jaundice and non-neonatal jaundice infants (NJIs) and identified gut microbial alterations in neonatal jaundice pre- and post-treatment. We prospectively collected 232 fecal samples from 51 infants at five time points (0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months). Finally, 114 samples from 6 NJIs and 19 non-NJI completed MiSeq sequencing and analysis. We characterized the gut microbiome and identified microbial differences and gene functions. Meconium microbial diversity from NJI was decreased compared with that from non-NJI. The genus Gemella was decreased in NJI versus non-NJI. Eleven predicted microbial functions, including fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase III and pyruvate carboxylase subunit B, decreased, while three functions, including acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, increased in NJI. After treatments, the microbial community presented significant alteration-based β diversity. The phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were increased, while Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria were decreased. Microbial alterations were also analyzed between 6 recovered NJI and 19 non-NJI. The gut microbiota was unique in the meconium microbiome from NJI, implying that early gut microbiome intervention could be promising for the management of neonatal jaundice. Alterations of gut microbiota from NJI can be of great value to bolster evidence-based prevention against 'bacterial dysbiosis'.
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Kaczmarczyk M, Löber U, Adamek K, Węgrzyn D, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Malinowski D, Łoniewski I, Markó L, Ulas T, Forslund SK, Łoniewska B. The gut microbiota is associated with the small intestinal paracellular permeability and the development of the immune system in healthy children during the first two years of life. J Transl Med 2021; 19:177. [PMID: 33910577 PMCID: PMC8082808 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal barrier plays an important role in the defense against infections, and nutritional, endocrine, and immune functions. The gut microbiota playing an important role in development of the gastrointestinal tract can impact intestinal permeability and immunity during early life, but data concerning this problem are scarce. METHODS We analyzed the microbiota in fecal samples (101 samples in total) collected longitudinally over 24 months from 21 newborns to investigate whether the markers of small intestinal paracellular permeability (zonulin) and immune system development (calprotectin) are linked to the gut microbiota. The results were validated using data from an independent cohort that included the calprotectin and gut microbiota in children during the first year of life. RESULTS Zonulin levels tended to increase for up to 6 months after childbirth and stabilize thereafter remaining at a high level while calprotectin concentration was high after childbirth and began to decline from 6 months of life. The gut microbiota composition and the related metabolic potentials changed during the first 2 years of life and were correlated with zonulin and calprotectin levels. Faecal calprotectin correlated inversely with alpha diversity (Shannon index, r = - 0.30, FDR P (Q) = 0.039). It also correlated with seven taxa; i.a. negatively with Ruminococcaceae (r = - 0.34, Q = 0.046), and Clostridiales (r = - 0.34, Q = 0.048) and positively with Staphylococcus (r = 0.38, Q = 0.023) and Staphylococcaceae (r = 0.35, Q = 0.04), whereas zonulin correlated with 19 taxa; i.a. with Bacillales (r = - 0.52, Q = 0.0004), Clostridiales (r = 0.48, Q = 0.001) and the Ruminococcus (torques group) (r = 0.40, Q = 0.026). When time intervals were considered only changes in abundance of the Ruminococcus (torques group) were associated with changes in calprotectin (β = 2.94, SE = 0.8, Q = 0.015). The dynamics of stool calprotectin was negatively associated with changes in two MetaCyc pathways: pyruvate fermentation to butanoate (β = - 4.54, SE = 1.08, Q = 0.028) and Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentation (β = - 4.48, SE = 1.16, Q = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS The small intestinal paracellular permeability, immune system-related markers and gut microbiota change dynamically during the first 2 years of life. The Ruminococcus (torques group) seems to be especially involved in controlling paracellular permeability. Staphylococcus, Staphylococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiales, may be potential biomarkers of the immune system. Despite observed correlations their clear causation and health consequences were not proven. Mechanistic studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ulrike Löber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolina Adamek
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Węgrzyn
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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Nalli C, Galli J, Lini D, Merlini A, Piantoni S, Lazzaroni MG, Bitsadze V, Khizroeva J, Zatti S, Andreoli L, Fazzi E, Franceschini F, Makatsariya A, Shoenfeld Y, Tincani A. The Influence of Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis During Pregnancy on the Long-Term Children's Outcome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626258. [PMID: 33815108 PMCID: PMC8013697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of reproductive issues in women with inflammatory arthritis has greatly changed over decades. In the 1980–1990s, women with refractory forms of arthritis were either not able to get pregnant or did choose not to get pregnant because of their disabling disease. Hence, the traditional belief that pregnancy can induce a remission of arthritis. The availability of biologic agents has allowed a good control of aggressive forms of arthritis. The main topic of discussion during preconception counselling is the use of drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Physicians are now supported by international recommendations released by the European League Against Rheumatism and the American College of Rheumatology, but still they must face with cultural reluctance in accepting that a pregnant woman can take medications. Patient-physician communication should be centered on the message that active maternal disease during pregnancy is detrimental to fetal health. Keeping maternal disease under control with drugs which are not harmful to the fetus is the best way to ensure the best possible outcome for both the mother and the baby. However, there might be concerns about the influence of the in utero exposure to medications on the newborn’s health conditions. Particularly, studies suggesting an increased risk of autism-spectrum-disorders in children born to women with rheumatoid arthritis has raised questions about neuropsychological impairment in the offspring of women with chronic arthritis. As a multidisciplinary group of rheumatologists and child neuropsychiatrists, we conducted a study on 16 women with chronic forms of arthritis whose diagnosis was determined before pregnancy and their 18 school-age children. The children underwent a complete neurological examination and validated tests/questionnaires. Behavioral aspects of somatization and anxiety/depression (internalizing problem) or an “adult profile” were found in nearly one third of children. Children at a high risk of neurodevelopmental problems were born to mothers with a longer history of arthritis and were breastfeed for less than 6 months of age or were not breastfeed at all. No association was found with other maternal characteristics such as autoantibody existence and disease activity during and after the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nalli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Galli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Lini
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela Merlini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Piantoni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Lazzaroni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Victoria Bitsadze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Jamilya Khizroeva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sonia Zatti
- Obstetric and Gynecology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Andreoli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alexander Makatsariya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Angela Tincani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Toldi G, Hummler H, Pillay T. T Lymphocytes, Multi-Omic Interactions and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:694034. [PMID: 34169050 PMCID: PMC8217456 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.694034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant clinical challenge in neonatal medicine. BPD is clearly a multifactorial disease with numerous antenatal and postnatal components influencing lung development. Extremely immature infants are born in the late canalicular or early saccular stage and usually receive intensive care until the early alveolar stage of lung development, resulting in varying magnitudes of impairment of alveolar septation, lung fibrosis, and abnormal vascular development. The interactions between T lymphocytes, the genome and the epigenome, the microbiome and the metabolome, as well as nutrition and therapeutic interventions such as the exposure to oxygen, volutrauma, antibiotics, corticosteroids, caffeine and omeprazole, play an important role in pathogenesis and disease progression. While our general understanding of these interactions thanks to basic research is improving, this knowledge is yet to be translated into comprehensive prevention and clinical management strategies for the benefit of preterm infants developing BPD and later during infancy and childhood suffering from the disease itself and its sequelae. In this review, we summarise existing evidence on the interplay between T lymphocytes, lung multi-omics and currently used therapeutic interventions in BPD, and highlight avenues for potential future immunology related research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Toldi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helmut Hummler
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thillagavathie Pillay
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.,Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Foundation Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom.,College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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38
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Camacho-Morales A, Caba M, García-Juárez M, Caba-Flores MD, Viveros-Contreras R, Martínez-Valenzuela C. Breastfeeding Contributes to Physiological Immune Programming in the Newborn. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:744104. [PMID: 34746058 PMCID: PMC8567139 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.744104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The first 1,000 days in the life of a human being are a vulnerable stage where early stimuli may program adverse health outcomes in future life. Proper maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy modulates the development of the fetus, a physiological process known as fetal programming. Defective programming promotes non-communicable chronic diseases in the newborn which might be prevented by postnatal interventions such as breastfeeding. Breast milk provides distinct bioactive molecules that contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial gut colonization, and also secures a proper immunological response that protects against infection and inflammation in the newborn. The gut microbiome provides the most critical immune microbial stimulation in the newborn in early life, allowing a well-trained immune system and efficient metabolic settings in healthy subjects. Conversely, negative fetal programming by exposing mothers to diets rich in fat and sugar has profound effects on breast milk composition and alters the immune profiles in the newborn. At this new stage, newborns become vulnerable to immune compromise, favoring susceptibility to defective microbial gut colonization and immune response. This review will focus on the importance of breastfeeding and its immunological biocomponents that allow physiological immune programming in the newborn. We will highlight the importance of immunological settings by breastfeeding, allowing proper microbial gut colonization in the newborn as a window of opportunity to secure effective immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Martín García-Juárez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
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