1
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Song Q, Kikumoto A, Sun S, Mochizuki S, Oda H. High fat intake aggravates hyperlipidemia and suppresses fatty liver symptoms induced by a high-sucrose diet in rats. Food Funct 2024; 15:10516-10526. [PMID: 39365248 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Overconsumption of sucrose or fat is widely acknowledged as a prominent feature of unhealthy dietary patterns. Both factors commonly co-occur and are recognized as hallmarks of the Western diet, which is an important contributor to non-communicative diseases. In this study, we investigated the hazards of high sucrose or fat intake, either alone or in combination. Wistar rats were divided into four groups and fed a control starch diet, high-sucrose diet, high-fat diet, or high-sucrose/fat diet for 30 days. High fat intake increased body weight and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue weights. Both high-sucrose and -fat diets were associated with increased plasma triglyceride and glucose levels, and high sucrose also elevated plasma cholesterol levels. The combination of high sucrose and fat synergistically elevated plasma triglyceride levels. The high-sucrose diet increased liver weight and hepatic total lipid and triglyceride levels, whereas this increase was suppressed by the high-fat diet. The high sucrose increased the mRNA levels of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and transport (ACLY, ACACA, FAS, ELOVL6, SCD1, SREBP1, and CD36), whereas the high fat suppressed the high sucrose-induced expression of these genes. We observed that high sucrose and fat contents differently exerted their effects on hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. Furthermore, high fat aggravated hyperlipidemia and suppressed fatty liver induced by high sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Akari Kikumoto
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Shumin Sun
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | | | - Hiroaki Oda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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2
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Xiao X, Deng S, Kuang J, Li Y. HRD1-mediated ubiquitination of HDAC2 regulates PPARα-mediated autophagy and alleviates metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119765. [PMID: 38815686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Autophagy plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism; however, the mechanism underlying the reduced autophagic activity in MAFLD remains elusive. METHODS Autophagy was monitored by TUNEL assay and immunofluorescence staining of LC3. The expression of autophagy-related proteins, PPARα, HDAC2, and HRD1 was detected by Western blot. The association between HDAC2 and PPARα promoter was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase assays, and the HRD1-mediated ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of HDAC2 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). The in vitro findings were validated in a hypoxia-induced MAFLD mouse model. Histological changes, fibrosis, and apoptosis in liver tissues were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and TUNEL assay. The immunoreactivities of key molecules were examined by IHC analysis. RESULTS Hypoxia-suppressed autophagy in hepatocytes. Hypoxic exposure downregulated HRD1 and PPARα, while upregulating HDAC2 in hepatocytes. Overexpression of PPARα promoted hepatic autophagy, while knocking down HDAC2 or overexpressing HRD1 reduced hypoxia-suppressed autophagy in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, HDAC2 acted as a transcriptional repressor of PPARα, and HRD1 mediated the degradation of HDAC2 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Functional studies further showed that hypoxia-suppressed hepatic autophagy via the HRD1/HDAC2/PPARα axis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION HRD1-mediated ubiquitination of HDAC2 regulates PPARα-mediated autophagy and ameliorates hypoxia-induced MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Silei Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjie Kuang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yayong Li
- Department of Emergency, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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3
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Aibara D, Sakaguchi A, Matsusue K. Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 3 gene is a novel target of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in fatty liver disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 594:112379. [PMID: 39326649 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor abundantly expressed in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which PPARγ regulates the transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 3 (Tmcc3) gene in the liver. We found that TMCC3 is highly expressed in the fatty liver of humans and mice with NAFLD and alcoholic fatty liver disease. Three exon 1 variants (Tmcc3-1a, -1b, and -1c) of mouse Tmcc3 were identified. TMCC3-1B was highly expressed in the fatty liver of type 2 diabetic ob/ob mice; however, this increase in expression was ameliorated by liver-specific knockout of PPARγ. Reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that PPARγ positively regulates Tmcc3-1b and -1c transcription through the same PPARγ-responsive element present in the 5'-region of each Tmcc3. Altogether, our results indicate that Tmcc3 is a novel PPARγ target in the fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aibara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ai Sakaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Matsusue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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4
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Sancar G, Birkenfeld AL. The role of adipose tissue dysfunction in hepatic insulin resistance and T2D. J Endocrinol 2024; 262:e240115. [PMID: 38967989 PMCID: PMC11378142 DOI: 10.1530/joe-24-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The root cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is insulin resistance (IR), defined by the failure of cells to respond to circulating insulin to maintain lipid and glucose homeostasis. While the causes of whole-body insulin resistance are multifactorial, a major contributing factor is dysregulation of liver and adipose tissue function. Adipose dysfunction, particularly adipose tissue-IR (adipo-IR), plays a crucial role in the development of hepatic insulin resistance and the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the context of T2D. In this review, we will focus on molecular mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance and its association with adipose tissue function. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the transition from a healthy state to insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and T2D may enable us to prevent and intervene in the progression to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gencer Sancar
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Gan L, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Li J, Jia Q, Shi Y, Wang P, Guo L, Qiao H, Cui Y, Wang J. The impact of high polymerization inulin on body weight reduction in high-fat diet-induced obese mice: correlation with cecal Akkermansia. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1428308. [PMID: 39268531 PMCID: PMC11392436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1428308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a significant public health challenge, demanding effective dietary interventions. This study employed a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model to explore the impacts of inulin with different polymerization degrees on obesity management. Our analysis reveals that high-degree polymerization inulin (HDI) exhibited a significantly higher oil binding capacity and smaller particle size compared to low-degree polymerization inulin (LDI) (p < 0.05). HDI was more effective than LDI in mitigating body weight gain in high-diet induced obese mice, although neither LDI nor HDI affected blood sugar levels when compared to the high-fat diet control group (p < 0.05). Both HDI and LDI administrations reduced liver weight and enhanced brown adipose tissue thermogenesis compared to the high-fat diet induced control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, HDI suppressed hepatic lipogenesis, resulting in a further reduction in liver triglycerides compared to the high-fat diet-induced obese mice (p < 0.05). Notably, HDI improved gut health by enhancing intestinal morphology and modulating gut microbiota structure. HDI administration notably increased the relative abundance of cecal Akkermansia, a gut microbe associated with improved metabolic health, while LDI showed limited efficacy (p < 0.05 and p > 0.05, respectively). These findings underscore the importance of the structural properties of inulin in its potential to combat obesity and highlight the strategic use of inulin with varying polymerization degrees as a promising dietary approach for obesity management, particularly in its influence on gut microbiota composition and hepatic lipid metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gan
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zhao
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongbao Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenkai Zhao
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiake Li
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Jia
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yusu Shi
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linna Guo
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanzhen Qiao
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Cui
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Gaillard L, Barouki R, Blanc E, Coumoul X, Andréau K. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances as persistent pollutants with metabolic and endocrine-disrupting impacts. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00202-9. [PMID: 39181731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and their resistance to degradation, renders human exposure to them inevitable. PFAS exposure disturbs endocrine function, potentially affecting cognitive development in newborns through thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. Recent studies reveal varying male and female reproductive toxicity across PFAS classes, with alternative analogs affecting sperm parameters and legacy PFASs correlating with conditions like endometriosis. Metabolically, PFASs exposure is linked to metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, and liver toxicity, particularly in early childhood. This review focuses on the endocrine-disrupting impact of PFASs, particularly on fertility, thyroid, and metabolic functions. We highlight the complexity of the PFAS issue, given the large number of molecules and their extremely diverse mixed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gaillard
- Université Paris Cité - INSERM UMR 1124 T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Université Paris Cité - INSERM UMR 1124 T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Université Paris Cité - INSERM UMR 1124 T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Université Paris Cité - INSERM UMR 1124 T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Karine Andréau
- Université Paris Cité - INSERM UMR 1124 T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
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Lee J, Amatya R, Kim KE, Park YH, Hong E, Djayanti K, Min KA, Roh GS, Shin MC. Genetically engineered long-acting Esculentin-2CHa(1-30) fusion protein with potential applicability for the treatment of NAFLD. J Control Release 2024; 372:699-712. [PMID: 38925336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Esculentin-2CHa(1-30) (‟ESC") has been reported as a potent anti-diabetic peptide with little toxicity. However, its very short plasma residence time severely limits the therapeutic efficacy. To address this issue, we genetically engineered a fusion protein of tandem trimeric ESC with an albumin binding domain (ABD) and a fusion partner, SUMO (named ‟SUMO-3×ESC-ABD"). The SUMO-3×ESC-ABD, successfully produced from E. coli, showed low cellular and hemolytic toxicity while displaying potent activities for the amelioration of hyperglycemia as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in vitro. In animal studies, the estimated plasma half-life of SUMO-3×ESC-ABD was markedly longer (427-fold) than that of the ESC peptide. In virtue of the extended plasma residence, the SUMO-3×ESC-ABD could produce significant anti-hyperglycemic effects that lasted for >2 days, while both the ESC or ESC-ABD peptides elicited little effects. Further, twice-weekly treatment for 10 weeks, the SUMO-3×ESC-ABD displayed significant improvement in blood glucose control with a reduction in body weight. Most importantly, a significant improvement in the conditions of NAFLD was observed in the SUMO-3×ESC-ABD-treated mice. Along the systemic effects (by improved glucose tolerance and body weight reduction), direct inhibition of the hepatocyte lipid uptake was suggested as the major mechanism of the anti-NAFLD effects. Overall, this study demonstrated the utility of the long-acting SUMO-3×ESC-ABD as a potent drug candidate for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Metabolic Dysfunction Liver Disease Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Reeju Amatya
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Metabolic Dysfunction Liver Disease Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Park
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu, Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Hong
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu, Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Krismala Djayanti
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Min
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Metabolic Dysfunction Liver Disease Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Tan H, Mi N, Tong F, Zhang R, Abudurexiti A, Lei Y, Zhong Y, Yan J, Yang J, Ma X. Lactucopicrin promotes fatty acid β-oxidation and attenuates lipid accumulation through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation in free fatty acid-induced human hepatoblastoma cancer cells. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:5357-5372. [PMID: 39139977 PMCID: PMC11317671 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
With its annually increasing prevalence, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a serious threat to people's life and health. After a preliminary research, we found that Lactucopicrin has pharmacological effects, such as lowering blood lipids and protecting the liver. Further research showed its significant activation for fatty acid β-oxidase hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha (HADHA), so we hypothesized that Lactucopicrin could ameliorate lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. In this study, free fatty acid (FFA)-induced human hepatoblastoma cancer cells (HepG2) were used to establish an in vitro NAFLD model to investigate the molecular basis of Lactucopicrin in regulating lipid metabolism. Staining with Oil red O and measurements of triglyceride (TG) content, fatty acid β-oxidase (FaβO) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were used to assess the extent to which Lactucopicrin ameliorates lipid accumulation and promotes fatty acid β-oxidation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot methods were used to explore the regulatory effects of Lactucopicrin on factors related to fatty acid β-oxidation. Results showed that Lactucopicrin downregulated phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (P-mTOR) by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and upregulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels of coactivators (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α)), transcription factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)), and oxidative factors (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and HADHA). This phenomenon resulted in a significant increase in FaβO activity, ATP content, and JC-1 and a significant decrease in ROS level, TG content, and intracellular lipid droplets. With the addition of Dorsomorphin, all the effects of Lactucopicrin intervention were suppressed. In summary, Lactucopicrin promotes fatty acid β-oxidation by activating the AMPK pathway, thereby ameliorating FFA-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Tan
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
- Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Three Gorges Medical CollegeChongqingChina
| | - Na Mi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Fenglian Tong
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | | | - Yi Lei
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Yewei Zhong
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Junlin Yan
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Jian Yang
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
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9
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Dey AD, Mannan A, Dhiman S, Singh TG. Unlocking new avenues for neuropsychiatric disease therapy: the emerging potential of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as promising therapeutic targets. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1491-1516. [PMID: 38801530 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors that regulate various physiological processes such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that targeting PPARs could be beneficial in treating neuropsychiatric disorders by modulating neuronal function and signaling pathways in the brain. PPAR-α, PPAR-δ, and PPAR-γ have been found to play important roles in cognitive function, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection. Dysregulation of PPARs has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders like bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depression disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. The limitations and side effects of current treatments have prompted research to target PPARs as a promising novel therapeutic strategy. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown the potential of PPAR agonists and antagonists to improve symptoms associated with these disorders. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of PPARs in neuropsychiatric disorders, their potential as therapeutic targets, and the challenges and future directions for developing PPAR-based therapies. METHODS An extensive literature review of various search engines like PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out with the keywords "PPAR, Neuropsychiatric disorders, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, Major depression disorder, Autism spectrum disorder, molecular pathway". RESULT & CONCLUSION Although PPARs present a hopeful direction for innovative therapeutic approaches in neuropsychiatric conditions, additional research is required to address obstacles and convert this potential into clinically viable and individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Deka Dey
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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10
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Kashobwe L, Sadrabadi F, Brunken L, Coelho ACMF, Sandanger TM, Braeuning A, Buhrke T, Öberg M, Hamers T, Leonards PEG. Legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) alter the lipid profile of HepaRG cells. Toxicology 2024; 506:153862. [PMID: 38866127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals used in various industrial and consumer products. They have gained attention due to their ubiquitous occurrence in the environment and potential for adverse effects on human health, often linked to immune suppression, hepatotoxicity, and altered cholesterol metabolism. This study aimed to explore the impact of ten individual PFAS, 3 H-perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxypropoxy) propanoic acid] (PMPP/Adona), ammonium perfluoro-(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (HFPO-DA/GenX), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on the lipid metabolism in human hepatocyte-like cells (HepaRG). These cells were exposed to different concentrations of PFAS ranging from 10 µM to 5000 µM. Lipids were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC- MS-QTOF). PFOS at 10 µM and PFOA at 25 µM increased the levels of ceramide (Cer), diacylglycerol (DAG), N-acylethanolamine (NAE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and triacylglycerol (TAG) lipids, while PMPP/Adona, HFPO-DA/GenX, PFBA, PFBS, PFHxA, and PFHxS decreased the levels of these lipids. Furthermore, PFOA and PFOS markedly reduced the levels of palmitic acid (FA 16.0). The present study shows distinct concentration-dependent effects of PFAS on various lipid species, shedding light on the implications of PFAS for essential cellular functions. Our study revealed that the investigated legacy PFAS (PFOS, PFOA, PFBA, PFDA, PFHxA, PFHxS, and PFNA) and alternative PFAS (PMPP/Adona, HFPO-DA/GenX and PFBS) can potentially disrupt lipid homeostasis and metabolism in hepatic cells. This research offers a comprehensive insight into the impacts of legacy and alternative PFAS on lipid composition in HepaRG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lackson Kashobwe
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Faezeh Sadrabadi
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Brunken
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Carolina M F Coelho
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buhrke
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mattias Öberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timo Hamers
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Tsai MS, Liou GG, Liao JW, Lai PY, Yang DJ, Wu SH, Wang SH. N-acetyl Cysteine Overdose Induced Acute Toxicity and Hepatic Microvesicular Steatosis by Disrupting GSH and Interfering Lipid Metabolisms in Normal Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:832. [PMID: 39061900 PMCID: PMC11273582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a versatile drug used in various conditions, but the limitations and toxicities are not clear. The acute toxicity and toxicological mechanisms of an intraperitoneal injection of NAC in normal mice were deciphered. The LD50 for male and female BALB/cByJNarl mice were 800 mg/kg and 933 mg/kg. The toxicological mechanisms of 800 mg/kg NAC (N800) were investigated. The serum biomarkers of hepatic and renal indices dramatically increased, followed by hepatic microvesicular steatosis, renal tubular injury and necrosis, and splenic red pulp atrophy and loss. Thus, N800 resulted in mouse mortality mainly due to acute liver, kidney, and spleen damages. The safe dose (275 mg/kg) of NAC (N275) increased hepatic antioxidant capacity by increasing glutathione levels and catalase activity. N275 elevated the hepatic gene expressions of lipid transporter, lipid synthesis, β-oxidation, and ketogenesis, suggesting a balance between lipid production and consumption, and finally, increased ATP production. In contrast, N800 increased hepatic oxidative stress by decreasing glutathione levels through suppressing Gclc, and reducing catalase activity. N800 decreased the hepatic gene expressions of lipid transporter, lipid synthesis, and interferred β-oxidation, leading to lipid accumulation and increasing Cyp2E1 expression, and finally, decreased ATP production. Therefore, NAC doses are limited for normal individuals, especially via intraperitoneal injection or similar means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515006, Taiwan;
| | - Gunn-Guang Liou
- Office of Research and Development, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan;
| | - Pin-Yen Lai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402201, Taiwan; (P.-Y.L.); (D.-J.Y.); (S.-H.W.)
| | - Di-Jie Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402201, Taiwan; (P.-Y.L.); (D.-J.Y.); (S.-H.W.)
| | - Szu-Hua Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402201, Taiwan; (P.-Y.L.); (D.-J.Y.); (S.-H.W.)
| | - Sue-Hong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402201, Taiwan; (P.-Y.L.); (D.-J.Y.); (S.-H.W.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402201, Taiwan
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12
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Singh S, Kumar A, Gupta S, Agrawal R. Curative role of natural PPARγ agonist in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2289830. [PMID: 38050958 PMCID: PMC11262216 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2289830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is a condition that develops when the liver accumulates excess fat without alcohol consumption. This chronic liver ailment progresses along with insulin resistant and is typically not diagnosed until the patients have cirrhosis. Nuclear hormone receptor superfamily PPARs are essential for metabolism of fatty acids and glucose. In liver, lipid metabolism is regulated by nuclear receptors and PPARα, and PPARβ/δ encourages fatty acid β-oxidation. PPAR-γ, an energy-balanced receptor is a crucial regulator in NAFLD. The partial activation of PPAR-γ could lead to increased level of adiponectin and insulin sensitivity, thus improved NAFLD. Because of less side effects, natural compounds are emerged as potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD by PPARγ agonists. Although the results from preclinical studies are promising, further research is needed to determine the potential dosing and efficacy of mentioned compounds in human subjects. In this review, we summarize the effect of natural PPARγ agonist in the NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Divine College of Pharmacy, Bihar, India
| | - Suruchi Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, YBN University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rohini Agrawal
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Zhang Y, Liu K, Wang D. Notoginsenoside Fc alleviates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial cell dysfunction and upregulates PPAR-γ in vitro. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:959-967. [PMID: 38193235 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a prevalent vascular disease and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Notoginsenoside Fc (NFc) is a protopanaxadiol-type saponin that has been shown to have beneficial effects on several disorders. However, its function in DVT is unclear. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to mimic DVT in vitro and treated with NFc to investigate its functions. CCK-8 assay was utilized for measuring cell viability. Western blotting was used for detecting protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis-related markers, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Flow cytometry was performed for cell apoptosis detection. Levels of oxidative stress-related markers were examined by the DCFH-DA method and ELISA. RT-qPCR was utilized for the measurement of PPAR-γ mRNA level. RESULTS NFc increased the viability and suppressed inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. NFc treatment induced upregulation of PPAR-γ in HUVECs. CONCLUSION NFc mitigates ox-LDL-induced dysfunction of HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dile Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Kim NH, Lee SJ, Lee KJ, Song AR, Park HJ, Kang JS, Cha JY, Han YH. The Root Extract of Rosa multiflora Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Development via Blockade of De Novo Lipogenesis and Inflammation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5881-5893. [PMID: 38921022 PMCID: PMC11202599 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by severe inflammation and fibrosis due to an excessive accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in the liver with a dysregulated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of YC-1102, an extract obtained from the roots of Rosa multiflora, as a nutritional supplement in a diet-induced NASH mouse model. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were fed a fructose, palmitate, and cholesterol (FPC)-containing diet for 16 weeks to induce experimental NASH. A daily oral gavage of YC-1102 and obetichoic acid (OCA) was conducted for 9 weeks. After sacrifice, disease parameters related to hepatic lipids, inflammation, and fibrosis were evaluated. The treatment with YC-1102 significantly decreased the liver/body weight ratio, epididymal fat weight, and plasma ALT and AST levels, which are indicators of NASH injuries. YC-1102 attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting the transcription of DNL genes in the livers exhibiting NASH. Additionally, we found that YC-1102 blocked the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by directly disturbing macrophage activation, resulting in an amelioration of hepatic fibrosis. Our findings suggest that YC-1102 could ameliorate NASH progression by inhibiting uncontrolled DNL and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Hee Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (S.-J.L.); (K.-J.L.)
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (S.-J.L.); (K.-J.L.)
| | - Kyeong-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (S.-J.L.); (K.-J.L.)
| | - Ae Ri Song
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea; (A.R.S.); (H.-J.P.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Hyun-Je Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea; (A.R.S.); (H.-J.P.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jong Soo Kang
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea; (A.R.S.); (H.-J.P.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Joo Young Cha
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea; (A.R.S.); (H.-J.P.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (S.-J.L.); (K.-J.L.)
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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15
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Hong J, Shi Y, Xu F, Chen J, Mi M, Ren Q, Kang Y. Integration of Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Identifies the Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis as Potential Mechanisms of Konjac Glucomannan against Hepatic Steatosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38833514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is characterized by substantial disruption in the liver's lipid level regulation. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is acknowledged as a nutritious food that has the potential to prevent hyperlipidemia. This study utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics to investigate the efficacy of KGM in alleviating high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid homeostasis. The findings indicated that supplementation of KGM for a duration of 10 weeks led to significant decreases in body weight, liver weight, and epididymal fat tissue weight. Furthermore, improvements in lipid concentrations in plasma and liver samples were observed, along with enhancements in glucose tolerance and the mitigation of liver damage. Additionally, lipidomics analysis revealed that the primary differential lipid metabolites were mainly associated with fatty acid metabolism pathways. Transcriptomic analysis showed that KGM significantly altered the gene expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway in the liver. Moreover, KGM demonstrated a significant regulatory impact on the hepatic expression of PPARγ, potentially mitigating hepatic steatosis through modulation of the PPARγ-mediated lipid metabolism pathway. In conclusion, these findings suggest that KGM effectively mitigates steatosis by modulating hepatic lipid metabolites and controlling PPARγ-mediated genes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Yun Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Fengzhuo Xu
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Ma Mi
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Qingjia Ren
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Yijun Kang
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Agognon AL, Casertano M, Vito A, Orso S, Cabaro S, Mormone F, Morelli C, Perruolo G, Formisano P, Menna M, Imperatore C, Oriente F. Marine-Derived Phosphoeleganin and Its Semisynthetic Derivative Decrease IL6 Levels and Improve Insulin Signaling in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6039. [PMID: 38892230 PMCID: PMC11173279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products constitute a great source of potential new antidiabetic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of phosphoeleganin (PE), a polyketide purified from the Mediterranean ascidian Sidnyum elegans, and its derivatives PE/2 and PE/3 on insulin sensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. In our experiments, insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of its receptor (INSR) and AKT by 1.5- and 3.5-fold, respectively, whereas in the presence of PE, PE/2, and PE/3, the insulin induced INSR phosphorylation is increased by 2.1-, 2-, and 1.5-fold and AKT phosphorylation by 7.1-, 6.0-, and 5.1-fold, respectively. Interestingly, PE and PE/2 have an additive effect on insulin-mediated reduction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression. Finally, PE and PE/2, but not PE/3, decrease interleukin 6 (IL6) secretion and expression before and after palmitic acid incubation, while in the presence of high glucose (HG), only PE reduces IL6. Levels of other cytokines are not significantly affected by PE and its derivates. All these data suggest that PE and its synthetic-derived compound, PE/2, significantly decrease IL6 and improve hepatic insulin signaling. As IL6 impairs insulin action, it could be hypothesized that PE and PE/2, by inhibiting IL6, may improve the hepatic insulin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayewa L. Agognon
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Marcello Casertano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.V.); (C.I.)
| | - Alessio Vito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.V.); (C.I.)
| | - Sonia Orso
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Federica Mormone
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Cristina Morelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Marialuisa Menna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.V.); (C.I.)
| | - Concetta Imperatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.V.); (C.I.)
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT “Genomic of Diabetes” of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.A.); (S.O.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (G.P.); (P.F.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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17
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Wang C, Gamage PL, Jiang W, Mudalige T. Excipient-related impurities in liposome drug products. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124164. [PMID: 38688429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as drug delivery systems to increase the efficacy and reduce the off-target toxicity of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The liposomes are more complex drug delivery systems than the traditional dosage forms, and phospholipids and cholesterol are the major structural excipients. These two excipients undergo hydrolysis and/or oxidation during liposome preparation and storage, resulting in lipids hydrolyzed products (LHPs) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in the final liposomal formulations. These excipient-related impurities at elevated concentrations may affect liposome stability and exert biological functions. This review focuses on LHPs and COPs, two major categories of excipient-related impurities in the liposomal formulations, and discusses factors affecting their formation, and analytical methods to determine these excipient-related impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Wang
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Prabhath L Gamage
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
| | - Thilak Mudalige
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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18
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Jiao P, Lu H, Hao L, Degen AA, Cheng J, Yin Z, Mao S, Xue Y. Nutrigenetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Maternal Nutrition-Induced Glucolipid Metabolism Changes in the Offspring. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae048. [PMID: 38781288 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy regulates the offspring's metabolic homeostasis, including insulin sensitivity and the metabolism of glucose and lipids. The fetus undergoes a crucial period of plasticity in the uterus; metabolic changes in the fetus during pregnancy caused by maternal nutrition not only influence fetal growth and development but also have a long-term or even life-long impact for the offspring. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs, play important roles in intergenerational and transgenerational effects. In this context, this narrative review comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying how maternal nutrition, including a high-fat diet, polyunsaturated fatty acid diet, methyl donor nutrient supplementation, feed restriction, and protein restriction during pregnancy, impacts the genes involved in glucolipid metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue, hypothalamus, muscle, and oocytes of the offspring in terms of the epigenetic modifications. This will provide a foundation for the further exploration of nutrigenetic and epigenetic mechanisms for integrative mother-child nutrition and promotion of the offspring's health through the regulation of maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Note: This paper is part of the Nutrition Reviews Special Collection on Precision Nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Huizhen Lu
- Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lizhuang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Plateau Yak Research Center, Qinghai Academy of Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - A Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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López-Pascual E, Rienda I, Perez-Rojas J, Rapisarda A, Garcia-Llorens G, Jover R, Castell JV. Drug-Induced Fatty Liver Disease (DIFLD): A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical, Biochemical, and Histopathological Data for Mechanisms Identification and Consistency with Current Adverse Outcome Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5203. [PMID: 38791241 PMCID: PMC11121209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug induced fatty liver disease (DIFLD) is a form of drug-induced liver injury (DILI), which can also be included in the more general metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which specifically refers to the accumulation of fat in the liver unrelated to alcohol intake. A bi-directional relationship between DILI and MASLD is likely to exist: while certain drugs can cause MASLD by acting as pro-steatogenic factors, MASLD may make hepatocytes more vulnerable to drugs. Having a pre-existing MASLD significantly heightens the likelihood of experiencing DILI from certain medications. Thus, the prevalence of steatosis within DILI may be biased by pre-existing MASLD, and it can be concluded that the genuine true incidence of DIFLD in the general population remains unknown. In certain individuals, drug-induced steatosis is often accompanied by concomitant injury mechanisms such as oxidative stress, cell death, and inflammation, which leads to the development of drug-induced steatohepatitis (DISH). DISH is much more severe from the clinical point of view, has worse prognosis and outcome, and resembles MASH (metabolic-associated steatohepatitis), as it is associated with inflammation and sometimes with fibrosis. A literature review of clinical case reports allowed us to examine and evaluate the clinical features of DIFLD and their association with specific drugs, enabling us to propose a classification of DIFLD drugs based on clinical outcomes and pathological severity: Group 1, drugs with low intrinsic toxicity (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen, irinotecan, methotrexate, and tamoxifen), but expected to promote/aggravate steatosis in patients with pre-existing MASLD; Group 2, drugs associated with steatosis and only occasionally with steatohepatitis (e.g., amiodarone, valproic acid, and tetracycline); and Group 3, drugs with a great tendency to transit to steatohepatitis and further to fibrosis. Different mechanisms may be in play when identifying drug mode of action: (1) inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation; (2) inhibition of fatty acid transport across mitochondrial membranes; (3) increased de novo lipid synthesis; (4) reduction in lipid export by the inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; (5) induction of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening; (6) dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential; (7) impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain/oxidative phosphorylation; (8) mitochondrial DNA damage, degradation and depletion; and (9) nuclear receptors (NRs)/transcriptomic alterations. Currently, the majority of, if not all, adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for steatosis in AOP-Wiki highlight the interaction with NRs or transcription factors as the key molecular initiating event (MIE). This perspective suggests that chemical-induced steatosis typically results from the interplay between a chemical and a NR or transcription factors, implying that this interaction represents the primary and pivotal MIE. However, upon conducting this exhaustive literature review, it became evident that the current AOPs tend to overly emphasize this interaction as the sole MIE. Some studies indeed support the involvement of NRs in steatosis, but others demonstrate that such NR interactions alone do not necessarily lead to steatosis. This view, ignoring other mitochondrial-related injury mechanisms, falls short in encapsulating the intricate biological mechanisms involved in chemically induced liver steatosis, necessitating their consideration as part of the AOP's map road as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto López-Pascual
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ivan Rienda
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Judith Perez-Rojas
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Rapisarda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillem Garcia-Llorens
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José V. Castell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit in Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Xiao Y, Hu J, Chen R, Xu Y, Pan B, Gao Y, Deng Y, Li W, Kan H, Chen S. Impact of fine particulate matter on liver injury: evidence from human, mice and cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133958. [PMID: 38479138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recently discovered risk factor for chronic liver disease is ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Our research aims to elucidate the effects of PM2.5 on liver injury and the potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS A population-based longitudinal study involving 102,918 participants from 15 Chinese cities, using linear mixed-effect models, found that abnormal alterations in liver function were significantly associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, direct bilirubin, and triglyceride increased by 2.05%, 2.04%, 0.58%, 2.99%, and 1.46% with each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. In contrast, the serum levels of total protein, albumin, and prealbumin decreased by 0.27%, 0.48%, and 2.42%, respectively. Mice underwent chronic inhalation exposure to PM2.5 experienced hepatic inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis. In vitro experiments found that hepatocytes experienced an inflammatory response and lipid metabolic dysregulation due to PM2.5, which also activated hepatic stellate cells. The down-regulation and mis-localization of polarity protein Par3 mediated PM2.5-induced liver injury. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 exposure induced liver injury, mainly characterized by steatosis and fibrosis. The down-regulation and mis-localization of Par3 were important mechanisms of liver injury induced by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jialu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Pan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya Gao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiran Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenshu Li
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Center for Children's Health, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - She Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Hu P, Rychik J, Zhao J, Bai H, Bauer A, Yu W, Rand EB, Dodds KM, Goldberg DJ, Tan K, Wilkins BJ, Pei L. Single-cell multiomics guided mechanistic understanding of Fontan-associated liver disease. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk6213. [PMID: 38657025 PMCID: PMC11103255 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The Fontan operation is the current standard of care for single-ventricle congenital heart disease. Individuals with a Fontan circulation (FC) exhibit central venous hypertension and face life-threatening complications of hepatic fibrosis, known as Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD). The fundamental biology and mechanisms of FALD are little understood. Here, we generated a transcriptomic and epigenomic atlas of human FALD at single-cell resolution using multiomic snRNA-ATAC-seq. We found profound cell type-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic changes in FC livers. Central hepatocytes (cHep) exhibited the most substantial changes, featuring profound metabolic reprogramming. These cHep changes preceded substantial activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis, suggesting cHep as a potential first "responder" in the pathogenesis of FALD. We also identified a network of ligand-receptor pairs that transmit signals from cHep to hepatic stellate cells, which may promote their activation and liver fibrosis. We further experimentally demonstrated that activins A and B promote fibrotic activation in vitro and identified mechanisms of activin A's transcriptional activation in FALD. Together, our single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic atlas revealed mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of FALD and may aid identification of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Hu
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jack Rychik
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Huajun Bai
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aidan Bauer
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenbao Yu
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Rand
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Dodds
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- School of Nursing, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David J. Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Wilkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Liming Pei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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22
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Su Y, Li X, Zhao J, Ji B, Zhao X, Feng J, Zhao J. Guanidinoacetic acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation and promotes white adipose tissue browning in middle-aged mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Food Funct 2024; 15:4515-4526. [PMID: 38567805 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that plays a critical role in energy metabolism. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has emerged supporting the importance of GAA in metabolic dysfunction. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of GAA on hepatic and adipose tissue metabolism, as well as systemic inflammatory responses in obese middle-aged mice models and attempted to explore the underlying mechanism. We found that dietary supplementation of GAA inhibited inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) hypertrophy in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In addition, GAA supplementation observably decreased the levels of some systemic inflammatory factors, including IL-4, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Intriguingly, GAA supplementation ameliorated hepatic steatosis and lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice, which was revealed by decreased levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FASN, ACC, FABP1, and APOB and increased levels of HDL-C in the liver. Moreover, GAA supplementation increased the expression of browning markers and mitochondrial-related genes in the iWAT. Further investigation showed that dietary GAA promoted the browning of the iWAT via activating the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway and might be associated with futile creatine cycling in obese mice. These results indicate that GAA has the potential to be used as an effective ingredient in dietary interventions and thus may play an important role in ameliorating and preventing HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Xinrui Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Bingzhen Ji
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Jinxin Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
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Yu Y, Tong K, Hu G, Yang X, Wu J, Bai S, Yu R. Love-hate relationship between hepatitis B virus and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1378311. [PMID: 38646627 PMCID: PMC11026703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1378311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a controversial topic. This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between HBV and T2D using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms on chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and T2D were obtained from BioBank Japan Project, European Bioinformatics Institute, and FinnGen. Mendelian randomization was utilized to evaluate exposure-outcome causality. Inverse variance weighted was used as the primary method for MR analysis. To assess horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity, we conducted MR-Egger intercept analysis and Cochran's Q test, and the robustness of the MR analysis results was evaluated through leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Results MR analysis revealed that CHB was associated with a decreased genetic susceptibility to T2D (OR, 0.975; 95% CI, 0.962-0.989; p < 0.001) while liver cirrhosis (OR, 1.021; 95% CI, 1.007-1.036; p = 0.004) as well as liver cirrhosis and liver fibrosis (OR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.002-1.028; p = 0.020) were associated with an increased genetic susceptibility to T2D. MR-Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05). Cochran's Q showed no heterogeneity (p > 0.05). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust. Conclusion CHB has the potential to act as a protective factor for T2D, but its effectiveness is constrained by viral load and disease stage. This protective effect diminishes or disappears as viral load decreases, and it transforms into a risk factor with the progression to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Keke Tong
- The Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changde, China
| | - Gang Hu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Bai
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Yu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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HAN M, YI X, YOU S, WU X, WANG S, HE D. Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi decoction ameliorates alcoholic fatty liver in mice by regulating lipid and bile acid metabolism and with exertion of antioxidant stress based on 4DLabel-free quantitative proteomic study. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:277-288. [PMID: 38504534 PMCID: PMC10927405 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20231018.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect and molecular mechanism of Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi decoction (, GJDD) on alcoholic fatty live disease (AFLD) by using proteomic methods. METHODS The male C57BL/6J mouse were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, GJDD group and resveratrol group. After the AFLD model was successfully prepared by intragastric administration of alcohol once on the basis of the Lieber-DeCarli classical method, the GJDD group and resveratrol group were intragastrically administered with GJDD (4900 mg/kg) and resveratrol (400 mg/kg) respectively, once a day for 9 d. The fat deposition of liver tissue was observed and evaluated by oil red O (ORO) staining. 4DLabel-free quantitative proteome method was used to determine and quantify the protein expression in liver tissue of each experimental group. The differentially expressed proteins were screened according to protein expression differential multiples, and then analyzed by Gene ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment. Finally, expression validation of the differentially co-expressed proteins from control group, model group and GJDD group were verified by targeted proteomics quantification techniques. RESULTS In semiquantitative analyses of ORO, all kinds of steatosis (ToS, MaS, and MiS) were evaluated higher in AFLD mice compared to those in GJDD or resveratrol-treated mice. 4DLabel-free proteomics analysis results showed that a total of 4513 proteins were identified, of which 3763 proteins were quantified and 946 differentially expressed proteins were screened. Compared with the control group, 145 proteins were up-regulated and 148 proteins were down-regulated in the liver tissue of model group. In addition, compared with the model group, 92 proteins were up-regulated and 135 proteins were down-regulated in the liver tissue of the GJDD group. 15 differentially co-expressed proteins were found between every two groups (model group vs control group, GJDD group vs model group and GJDD group vs control group), which were involved in many biological processes. Among them, 11 differentially co-expressed key proteins (Aox3, H1-5, Fabp5, Ces3a, Nudt7, Serpinb1a, Fkbp11, Rpl22l1, Keg1, Acss2 and Slco1a1) were further identified by targeted proteomic quantitative technology and their expression patterns were consistent with the results of 4D label-free proteomic analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided proteomics-based evidence that GJDD alleviated AFLD by modulating liver protein expression, likely through the modulation of lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism and with exertion of antioxidant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min HAN
- 1 Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xu YI
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Shaowei YOU
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Xueli WU
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Shuoshi WANG
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Diancheng HE
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
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25
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Samy AM, Kandeil MA, Sabry D, Abdel-Ghany AA, Mahmoud MO. Exosomal miR-122, miR-128, miR-200, miR-298, and miR-342 as novel diagnostic biomarkers in NAFL/NASH: Impact of LPS/TLR-4/FoxO3 pathway. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300631. [PMID: 38574101 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder affecting a quarter of the global residents. Progression of NAFL into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may cause cirrhosis, liver cancer, and failure. Gut microbiota imbalance causes microbial components translocation into the circulation, triggering liver inflammation and NASH-related fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression via repressing target genes. Exosomal miRNAs are diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for NAFL and NASH liver damage. Our work investigated the role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD pathogenesis via the lipopolysaccharide/toll-like receptor 4/Forkhead box protein O3 (LPS/TLR-4/FoxO3) pathway and certain miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers for NAFL or its development to NASH. miRNA expression levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 50 NAFL patients, 50 NASH patients, and 50 normal controls. Plasma LPS, TLR-4, adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), and FoxO3 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In NAFL and NASH patients, miR-122, miR-128, FoxO3, TLR-4, LPS, and PPAR-γ were upregulated while miR-200, miR-298, miR-342, and adiponectin were downregulated compared with the normal control. The examined miRNAs might distinguish NAFL and NASH patients from the normal control using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Our study is the first to examine these miRNAs in NAFLD. Our findings imply that these are potentially promising biomarkers for noninvasive early NAFL diagnosis and NASH progression. Understanding the LPS/TLR-4/FoxO3 pathway involvement in NAFL/NASH pathogenesis may aid disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Samy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A A Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit branch, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Ren W, Wang Z, Guo H, Gou Y, Dai J, Zhou X, Sheng N. GenX analogs exposure induced greater hepatotoxicity than GenX mainly via activation of PPARα pathway while caused hepatomegaly in the absence of PPARα in female mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123314. [PMID: 38218542 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Despite their use as substitutes for perfluorooctanoic acid, the potential toxicities of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, commercial name: GenX) and its analogs (PFDMOHxA, PFDMO2HpA, and PFDMO2OA) remain poorly understood. To assess the hepatotoxicity of these chemicals on females, each chemical was orally administered to female C57BL/6 mice at the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg/d for 28 d. The contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα and γ) and other nuclear receptors involving in these toxic effects of GenX and its analogs were identified by employing two PPAR knockout mice (PPARα-/- and PPARγΔHep) in this study. Results showed that the hepatotoxicity of these chemicals increased in the order of GenX < PFDMOHxA < PFDMO2HpA < PFDMO2OA. The increases of relative liver weight and liver injury markers were significantly much lower in PPARα-/- mice than in PPARα+/+ mice after GenX analog exposure, while no significant differences were observed between PPARγΔHep and its corresponding wildtype groups (PPARγF/F mice), indicating that GenX analog induce hepatotoxicity mainly via PPARα instead of PPARγ. The PPARα-dependent complement pathways were inhibited in PFDMO2HpA and PFDMO2OA exposed PPARα+/+ mice, which might be responsible for the observed liver inflammation. In PPARα-/- mice, hepatomegaly and increased liver lipid content were observed in PFDMO2HpA and PFDMO2OA treated groups. The activated pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive activated receptor (CAR) pathways in the liver of PPARα-/- mice, which were highlighted by bioinformatics analysis, provided a reasonable explanation for hepatomegaly in the absence of PPARα. Our results indicate that GenX analogs could induce more serious hepatotoxicity than GenX whether there is a PPARα receptor or not. These chemicals, especially PFDMO2HpA and PFDMO2OA, may not be appropriate PFOA alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiru Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hua Guo
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yong Gou
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Nan Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Kim Y, Han H, Oh Y, Shin H, Park G, Park S, Manthey JA, Kim Y, Kim Y. A combination of rebaudioside A and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone suppressed weight gain by regulating visceral fat and hepatic lipid metabolism in ob/ob mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:913-923. [PMID: 38371686 PMCID: PMC10866850 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Rebaudioside A (Reb A) and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) are known as intense sweeteners. This study aimed to examine the anti-obesity effects of Reb A and NHDC. C57BL/6 J-ob/ob mice were supplemented with Reb A (50 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]), NHDC (100 mg/kg b.w.), or their combination (COMB) for 4 weeks. COMB-supplemented mice showed significant reduction in b.w. gain, food efficiency ratio, and fat mass. Additionally, mice in the COMB group showed suppressed levels of genes related to adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in the perirenal fat and the levels of hepatic triglyceride, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. The lipogenesis and pro-inflammatory gene expressions were also downregulated in the liver, whereas β-oxidation related genes were upregulated in the COMB group. In addition, mice that received COMB showed distinct gut microbiota structure, enriched in Blautia and Parabacteroides, and depleted in Faecalibaculum and Mucispirillum, in relation to the control group. These results suggest that supplementation with Reb A and NHDC may be an effective treatment for obesity-related metabolic disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01391-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Han
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Oh
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakdong Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghee Park
- CJ CheilJedang Blossom Park, Suwon, 16495 Republic of Korea
| | - John A. Manthey
- U.S. Horticultural Research Lab., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | - Yang Kim
- Center for Food & Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Thilakarathna WPDW, Rupasinghe HPV. Proanthocyanidins-Based Synbiotics as a Novel Strategy for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Risk Reduction. Molecules 2024; 29:709. [PMID: 38338453 PMCID: PMC10856248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease worldwide, is a spectrum of liver abnormalities ranging from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by excessive lipid accumulation. The prevalence of NAFLD is predicted to increase rapidly, demanding novel approaches to reduce the global NAFLD burden. Flavonoids, the most abundant dietary polyphenols, can reduce the risk of NAFLD. The majority of dietary flavonoids are proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are oligomers and polymers of the flavonoid sub-group flavan-3-ols. The efficacy of PAC in reducing the NAFLD risk can be significantly hindered by low bioavailability. The development of synbiotics by combining PAC with probiotics may increase effectiveness against NAFLD by biotransforming PAC into bioavailable metabolites. PAC and probiotic bacteria are capable of mitigating steatosis primarily through suppressing de novo lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. PAC and probiotic bacteria can reduce the progression of steatosis to NASH mainly through ameliorating hepatic damage and inflammation induced by hepatic oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Synbiotics of PAC are superior in reducing the risk of NAFLD compared to independent administration of PAC and probiotics. The development of PAC-based synbiotics can be a novel strategy to mitigate the increasing incidence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasitha P. D. W. Thilakarathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
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Salama YA, Hassan HM, El-Gayar AM, Abdel-Rahman N. Combined quercetin and simvastatin attenuate hepatic fibrosis in rats by modulating SphK1/NLRP3 pathways. Life Sci 2024; 337:122349. [PMID: 38128755 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis involves several signalling pathways working in concert regulating the deposition of extracellular matrix. In this study, we evaluated the effect of quercetin and simvastatin alone and their combination on the treatment of experimentally induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. To decipher the potential mechanisms involved, liver fibrosis was induced in rats by administration of 40 % carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (1 μl/g rat, i.p., twice weekly) for 6 weeks. Quercetin (50 mg/kg, orally), simvastatin (40 mg/kg, orally) either individually or combined were administered for another 4 weeks. The three treatment groups ameliorated hepatic dysfunction and altered parameters of sphingolipid and pyroptosis pathways. Yet, the combined group showed a more pronounced effect. Treatments lowered serum levels of GOT, GPT, ALP and elevated albumin and total protein levels. Histopathological and electron microscope examination of liver tissue revealed diminished fibrosis and inflammation. Protein expression levels of α-SMA, IL-1β, PPAR-γ, TGF-β1, caspase-1 and caspase-3 expression in liver tissues were reduced. Additionally, hepatic mRNA levels of SphK1 and NLRP3 decreased after treatment. Furthermore, the three groups lowered MDA levels and elevated total antioxidant capacity, GSH and Nrf2 expression levels. Treatments downregulated sphingolipid pathway and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and stimulated an anti-apoptotic, anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity. This suggests that targeting the SphK1/NLRP3 pathway could be a prospective therapeutic strategy against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Salama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Amal M El-Gayar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Noha Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt.
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Yang Z, Danzeng A, Liu Q, Zeng C, Xu L, Mo J, Pingcuo C, Wang X, Wang C, Zhang B, Zhang B. The Role of Nuclear Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:113-126. [PMID: 38164174 PMCID: PMC10750283 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health burden closely linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The complex pathophysiology of NAFLD involves multiple cellular pathways and molecular factors. Nuclear receptors (NRs) have emerged as crucial regulators of lipid metabolism and inflammation in NAFLD, offering potential therapeutic targets for NAFLD. Targeting PPARs and FXRs has shown promise in ameliorating NAFLD symptoms and halting disease progression. However, further investigation is needed to address side effects and personalize therapy approaches. This review summarizes the current understanding of the involvement of NRs in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and explores their therapeutic potential. We discuss the role of several NRs in modulating lipid homeostasis in the liver, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), liver X receptors (LXRs), farnesoid X receptors (FXRs), REV-ERB, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR).The expanding knowledge of NRs in NAFLD offers new avenues for targeted therapies, necessitating exploration of novel treatment strategies and optimization of existing approaches to combat this increasingly prevalent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Awang Danzeng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiumeng Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chenglong Zeng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie Mo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ciren Pingcuo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Binhao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
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Qiu Y, Gan M, Wang X, Liao T, Chen Q, Lei Y, Chen L, Wang J, Zhao Y, Niu L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhu L, Shen L. The global perspective on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in ectopic fat deposition: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127042. [PMID: 37742894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive expansion of adipocytes can have unhealthy consequences as excess free fatty acids enter other tissues and cause ectopic fat deposition by resynthesizing triglycerides. This lipid accumulation in various tissues is harmful and can increase the risk of related metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that play a key role in energy metabolism as fatty acid metabolism sensors, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the main subtype responsible for fat cell differentiation and adipogenesis. In this paper, we introduce the main structure and function of PPARγ and its regulatory role in the process of lipogenesis in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. This information can serve as a reference for further understanding the regulatory mechanisms and measures of the PPAR family in the process of ectopic fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Qiu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianci Liao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiuyang Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhang Lei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Changizi Z, Kajbaf F, Moslehi A. An Overview of the Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors in Liver Diseases. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1542-1552. [PMID: 38161499 PMCID: PMC10752810 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a superfamily of nuclear transcription receptors, consisting of PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ, which are highly expressed in the liver. They control and modulate the expression of a large number of genes involved in metabolism and energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and even apoptosis in the liver. Therefore, they have critical roles in the pathophysiology of hepatic diseases. This review provides a general insight into the role of PPARs in liver diseases and some of their agonists in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Changizi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Forough Kajbaf
- Veterinary Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Azam Moslehi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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33
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Zhou Y, Zhang L, Guo F, Liu X, Li X, Han Z, Li X, Shi X, Wen L, Wang J. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Effects of Three MUFA-Rich Oils on Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300398. [PMID: 37867207 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Olive oil, rapeseed oil, and lard are dietary fats rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, but the effects of dietary oils enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids on hepatic lipid deposition have seldom been compared. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety 8-week-old C57BL/6J male mice are randomly divided into six groups and fed diets containing lard, rapeseed oil, or olive oil with a 10% or 45% fat energy supply for 16 weeks. Under high-fat conditions, serum total cholesterol levels in the lard and olive oil groups are significantly higher than those in the rapeseed oil group. Hepatic lipid content in the olive oil group is higher than that in the other two groups. Compared with rapeseed oil, lard increases the liver levels of arachidonic, palmitic, and myristic acids and decreases the levels of eicosapentaenoic linolenic acid and linoleic acid. Olive oil increases the liver levels of docosatrienoic, arachidonic, oleic, and myristic acids; maltose; and fructose and decreases the levels of eicosapentaenoic, linolenic, and linoleic acids. CONCLUSION Olive oil probably causes hepatic lipid deposition in mice, which may enhance hepatic lipid synthesis by activating the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways. By contrast, rapeseed oil shows a significant anti-lipid deposition effect on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Zhou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fangrui Guo
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xin Li
- Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Zongding Han
- Orient Science & Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xingyong Shi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Rodimova S, Bobrov N, Mozherov A, Elagin V, Karabut M, Ermakova P, Shchechkin I, Kozlov D, Krylov D, Gavrina A, Kashina A, Zagainov V, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 on the Energy Metabolism of Hepatocytes: Multiphoton Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17016. [PMID: 38069338 PMCID: PMC10706954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the regenerative potential of the liver during the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is observed in the vast majority of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, significantly increases the risk of postoperative liver failure. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new approaches for the rapid intraoperative assessment of the condition of liver tissue in the presence of concomitant liver pathology. A modern label-free approach based on multiphoton microscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG), and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) allow for the evaluation of the structure of liver tissue as well as the assessment of the metabolic state of hepatocytes, even at the cellular level. We obtained optical criteria and identified specific changes in the metabolic state of hepatocytes for a reduced liver regenerative potential in the presence of induced diabetes mellitus type 1. The obtained criteria will expand the possibilities for the express assessment of the structural and functional state of liver tissue in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Nikolai Bobrov
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Artem Mozherov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Polina Ermakova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Ilya Shchechkin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kozlov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Krylov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alena Gavrina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Kashina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Vladimir Zagainov
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncologic Dispensary, 11/1 Delovaya St., 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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He X, Chen A, Liao Z, Zhang Y, Lin G, Zhuang Z, Liu Y, Wei H, Wang Z, Wang Y, Niu J. Diet supplementation of organic zinc positively affects growth, antioxidant capacity, immune response and lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1689-1703. [PMID: 37039459 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Zn is an important trace element involved in various biochemical processes in aquatic species. An 8-week rearing trial was thus conducted to investigate the effects of Zn on juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) by feeding seven diets, respectively, supplemented with no Zn (Con), 60 and 120 mg/kg inorganic Zn (Sul60 and Sul120), and 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg organic Zn (Bio30, Bio60, Bio90 and Bio120). Sul120 and Bio120 groups showed significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate than Con group, with Bio60 group obtaining the lowest viscerosomatic index and hepatosomatic index. 60 or 90 mg/kg organic Zn significantly facilitated whole body Zn retention. Up-regulation of hepatic superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities and decline of malondialdehyde contents indicated augmented antioxidant capacities by organic Zn. Zn treatment also lowered plasma aminotransferase levels while promoting acid phosphatase activity and hepatic transcription levels of alp1, acp1 and lyz-c than deprivation of Zn. The alterations in whole body and liver crude lipid and plasma TAG contents illustrated the regulatory effect of Zn on lipid metabolism, which could be possibly attributed to the changes in hepatic expressions of acc1, pparγ, atgl and cpt1. These findings demonstrated the capabilities of Zn in potentiating growth and morphological performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity as well as regulating lipid metabolism in M. salmoides. Organic Zn could perform comparable effects at same or lower supplementation levels than inorganic Zn, suggesting its higher efficiency. 60 mg/kg supplementation of organic Zn could effectively cover the requirements of M. salmoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanshu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Beijing Alltech Biological Products Co Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lin
- Beijing Alltech Biological Products Co Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Dai Y, Zhang X, Xu Y, Wu Y, Yang L. The Protective Effects of Cinnamyl Alcohol Against Hepatic Steatosis, Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Childhood Obesity. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:1008-1022. [PMID: 37962037 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2280248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive intracellular lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Cinnamyl alcohol (CA), one of the cinnamon extracts, has been shown to exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. We proposed that CA was beneficial to NAFLD. METHODS Serum cytokines and components of the lipid metabolism were determined in children with NAFLD against age-matched comparisons. A NAFLD mouse model was established by high fat and high carbohydrate (HFHC) diet in male C57BL/6 mouse pups, followed by administration of CA. The effects of CA on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in hepatic tissues were assessed. RESULTS Abnormal lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses were observed in the children with NAFLD as compared with the controls. CA reduced the weight of obese mice without affecting food intake as well as alleviating liver injury caused by HFHC feeding. CA was found to mitigate dyslipidemia and reduce hepatic steatosis in HFHC-fed mice by down-regulating genes related to lipogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Additionally, CA treatment reversed HFHC-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, evidenced by the decreased liver reactive oxygen species (ROS), hepatic inflammatory cytokine levels, and F4/80-positive macrophage infiltration in HFHC diet mice. CA reduced the protein levels of pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), adapter protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and caspase-1 in the liver tissues significantly. CONCLUSION CA alleviates HFHC-induced NAFLD in mice, which is associated with the amelioration in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Liqi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Xiao L, Liang C, Gao J, Wang Y, Guo Y, Chen K, Jia X. Cefminox sodium alleviates the high-fat high-sugar-fed mice's hepatic fatty accumulation via multiple pathways. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21973. [PMID: 38027801 PMCID: PMC10658294 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) starves for effective therapy, but no agent has been approved yet. We sought to evaluate the therapy of cefminox sodium (CMNX) on fatty accumulation in animal and cell models and explore the underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that CMNX reduced the gain of the liver and alleviated fatty accumulation both in high-fat high-sugar diet (HFHSD) mice's livers and WRL-68 cells. In HFHSD mice's livers and FFAs exposure hepatic cells, ACC1, SREBP-1c, and CYP2E1 were enhanced expression, which were reversed by CMNX treatment. In addition, PPARγ, PPARα, PCK1, and ACSL4 expressions were increased in CMNX-treated WRL-68 cells. These findings suggest that CMNX improves fatty accumulation in HFHSD mice/hepatic cells by restraining fatty acid synthesis and facilitating fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leming Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengrui Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanzi Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi Traditional University, Xianyang, China
| | - Kan Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Hee SW, Chang YC, Su L, Chen IJ, Jeng YM, Hsieh ML, Chang YC, Li FA, Liao D, Chen SM, Chuang LM. 15-keto-PGE 2 alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through its covalent modification of NF-κB factors. iScience 2023; 26:107997. [PMID: 37810249 PMCID: PMC10551900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
15-keto-PGE2 is one of the eicosanoids with anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we demonstrated that 15-keto-PGE2 post-translationally modified the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunits p105/p50 and p65 at Cys59 and Cys120 sites, respectively, hence inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling in macrophages. In mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD), 15-keto-PGE2 treatment reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and fasting glucose levels. In mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a prolonged HFHSD, 15-keto-PGE2 treatment significantly decreased liver inflammation, lowered serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST), and inhibited macrophage infiltration. It also reduced lipid droplet size and downregulated key regulators of lipogenesis. These findings highlight the potential of 15-keto-PGE2, through NF-κB modification, in preventing the development and progression of steatohepatitis, emphasizing the significance of endogenous lipid mediators in the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siow-Wey Hee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Lynn Su
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lun Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Shiau-Mei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
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Liu L, Sun S, Li X. A network pharmacology-based approach to explore the effect of dihydromyricetin on non-alcoholic fatty liver rats via regulating PPARG and CASP3. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 71:101926. [PMID: 37567321 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent hepatopathy in China, with few effective cures currently. This work aimed to confirm the effect of DHM in vivo/vitro and explore the potential mechanism based on a network pharmacology-based approach. METHODS The rats were fed using a high-fat diet (HFD) to accumulate lipid. DHM at different concentrations was used to treat the HFD rats. The serum total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected using ELISA kits. The target genes of DHM against NAFLD were screened by online databases. Then, the cytotoxicity of DHM in primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells was determined by MTT reagent. qRT-PCR was used to quantify the expression level of PPAGR and CASP3 mRNA. Cell apoptosis and intracellular triglyceride (TG) were detected. RESULTS HFD diet increased rat liver weight/body weight ratio, serum TC, ALT, and AST. But DHM treatment can reduce these elevated indicators. DHM targeted 14 potential genes in NAFLD. PPARG and CASP3 were two hub genes for DHM against NAFLD, with score factor coefficients of -7.1 and -6.8 kcal/mol. DHM reduced the increased PPARG mRNA level and intracellular TG induced by palmitic acid. DHM can reduce the increased CASP3 mRNA level and cell apoptosis induced by palmitic acid. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates a mechanism of DHM that alleviates lipid metabolism disorder and cell apoptosis for the treatment of NAFLD, evidencing the potential application of DHM in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Sen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China.
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Kachouei RA, Doagoo A, Jalilzadeh M, Khatami SH, Rajaei S, Jahan-Abad AJ, Salmani F, Pakrad R, Baram SM, Nourbakhsh M, Abdollahifar MA, Abbaszadeh HA, Noori S, Rezaei M, Mahdavi M, Shahmohammadi MR, Karima S. Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid Has Therapeutic Benefits for NAFLD Rat Models That Were Given a High Fructose Diet by Ameliorating Hepatic Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism. Inflammation 2023; 46:1966-1980. [PMID: 37310644 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), a potent anti-inflammatory compound purified from Boswellia species, was investigated in a preclinical study for its potential in preventing and treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic inflammatory liver disorder. The study involved thirty-six male Wistar rats, equally divided into prevention and treatment groups. In the prevention group, rats were given a high fructose diet (HFrD) and treated with AKBA for 6 weeks, while in the treatment group, rats were fed HFrD for 6 weeks and then given a normal diet with AKBA for 2 weeks. At the end of the study, various parameters were analyzed including liver tissues and serum levels of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interferon gamma (INF-ϒ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Additionally, the expression levels of genes related to the inflammasome complex and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ϒ), as well as the levels of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha-1 (AMPK-α1) protein, were measured. The results showed that AKBA improved NAFLD-related serum parameters and inflammatory markers and suppressed PPAR-ϒ and inflammasome complex-related genes involved in hepatic steatosis in both groups. Additionally, AKBA prevented the reduction of the active and inactive forms of AMPK-α1 in the prevention group, which is a cellular energy regulator that helps suppress NAFLD progression. In conclusion, AKBA has a beneficial effect on preventing and avoiding the progression of NAFLD by preserving lipid metabolism, improving hepatic steatosis, and suppressing liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ataei Kachouei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Doagoo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Jalilzadeh
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Rajaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanbazi Jahan-Abad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Farzaneh Salmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Pakrad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Rezaei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Mahdavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shahmohammadi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.
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Choi RY, Lee MK. Effects of Mealworm Fermentation Extract and Soy Protein Mix Ratio on Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Obese-Induced Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:255-262. [PMID: 37842251 PMCID: PMC10567600 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies found that mealworm fermentation extract (TMP) reduced alcoholic hepatic steatogenesis. This study examined how the ratio of TMP and soy protein (SP) mix affected glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice given a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice were given HFD supplemented with 100% SP or the following three ratios of TMP and SP mix for 12 weeks: 20% (S4T1), 40% (S3T2), and 60% (S2T3) TMP. When compared to the SP group, the S2T3 group had considerably lower body weight gain and food consumption. When compared to the SP group, the S2T3 group had slightly lower blood insulin and leptin levels, as well as a lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score. The use of TMP instead of SP reduced the size of epididymal adipose tissue cells. An increase in the extent of substitution of SP with TMP inhibited the gene expression of hepatic fructolysis/gluconeogenesis (KHK, ALDOB, DLD, and FBP1), lipogenesis (FAS, SCD1, CD36, and DGAT2), and its transcriptional factors (PPARγ and ChREBP). Furthermore, the S2T3 group dramatically reduced the expression of hepatic genes implicated in endoplasmic reticulum stress (PDI) and antioxidant defense (SOD1). The 60% TMP mix, in particular, reduced the expression of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolismrelated genes in HFD-fed mice. The manufacturing of functional processed goods may be accomplished by combining SP and TMP in a 2:3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra-Yeong Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institution of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
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Haseba T, Maruyama M, Akimoto T, Yamamoto I, Katsuyama M, Okuda T. Class III Alcohol Dehydrogenase Plays a Key Role in the Onset of Alcohol-Related/-Associated Liver Disease as an S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12102. [PMID: 37569481 PMCID: PMC10419236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in the liver due to chronic alcohol consumption (CAC) is crucial in the development of alcohol liver disease (ALD). It is promoted by the NADH/NAD ratio increase via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-dependent alcohol metabolism and lipogenesis increase via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the liver. The transcriptional activity of PPARγ on lipogenic genes is inhibited by S-nitrosylation but activated by denitrosylation via S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), an enzyme identical to ADH3. Besides ADH1, ADH3 also participates in alcohol metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the specific contribution of ADH3 to ALD onset. ADH3-knockout (Adh3-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were administered a 10% ethanol solution for 12 months. Adh3-/- exhibited no significant pathological changes in the liver, whereas WT exhibited marked hepatic lipid accumulation (p < 0.005) with increased serum transaminase levels. Adh3-/- exhibited no death during CAC, whereas WT exhibited a 40% death. Liver ADH3 mRNA levels were elevated by CAC in WT (p < 0.01). The alcohol elimination rate measured after injecting 4 g/kg ethanol was not significantly different between two strains, although the rate was increased in both strains by CAC. Thus, ADH3 plays a key role in the ALD onset, likely by acting as GSNOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Haseba
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaokacho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Motoyo Maruyama
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (M.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Toshio Akimoto
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; (M.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Isao Yamamoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaokacho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
| | - Midori Katsuyama
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Takahisa Okuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
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Yao Y, Zhang L, Cheng F, Jiang Q, Ye Y, Ren Y, He Y, Su D, Cheng L, Shi G, Dai L, Deng H. PPARγ-dependent hepatic macrophage switching acts as a central hub for hUCMSC-mediated alleviation of decompensated liver cirrhosis in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:184. [PMID: 37501214 PMCID: PMC10375757 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC), a terminal-stage complication of liver disease, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hepatopathies. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) therapy has emerged as a novel treatment alternative for the treatment of DLC. However, optimized therapy protocols and the associated mechanisms are not entirely understood. METHODS We constructed a DLC rat model consistent with the typical clinical characteristics combined use of PB and CCL4. Performing dynamic detection of liver morphology and function in rats for 11 weeks, various disease characteristics of DLC and the therapeutic effect of hUCMSCs on DLC in experimental rats were thoroughly investigated, according to ascites examination, histopathological, and related blood biochemical analyses. Flow cytometry analysis of rat liver, immunofluorescence, and RT-qPCR was performed to examine the changes in the liver immune microenvironment after hucMSCs treatment. We performed RNA-seq analysis of liver and primary macrophages and hUCMSCs co-culture system in vitro to explore possible signaling pathways. PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, and clodronate liposomes were used to inhibit PPAR activation and pre-exhaustion of macrophages in DLC rats' livers, respectively. RESULTS We found that changing the two key issues, the frequency and initial phase of hUCMSCs infusion, can affect the efficacy of hUCMSCs, and the optimal hUCMSCs treatment schedule is once every week for three weeks at the early stage of DLC progression, providing the best therapeutic effect in reducing mortality and ascites, and improving liver function in DLC rats. hUCMSCs treatment skewed the macrophage phenotype from M1-type to M2-type by activating the PPARγ signaling pathway in the liver, which was approved by primary macrophages and hUCMSCs co-culture system in vitro. Both inhibition of PPARγ activation with GW9662 and pre-exhaustion of macrophages in DLC rats' liver abolished the regulation of hUCMSCs on macrophage polarization, thus attenuating the beneficial effect of hUCMSCs treatment in DLC rats. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that the optimal hUCMSCs treatment effectively inhibits the ascites formation, prolongs survival and significantly improves liver structure and function in DLC rats through the activation of the PPARγ signaling pathway within liver macrophages. Our study compared the efficacy of different hUCMSCs infusion regimens for DLC, providing new insights on cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushuang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting He
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke-yuan Road 4, No.1, Gao-peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Lu Y, Yang X, Kuang Q, Wu Y, Tan X, Lan J, Qiang Z, Feng T. HBx induced upregulation of FATP2 promotes the development of hepatic lipid accumulation. Exp Cell Res 2023:113721. [PMID: 37437769 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis B Virus X (HBx) protein plays a crucial role in the HBV-induced hepatic steatosis. Fatty acid transport protein 2 (FATP2) is a key protein that is involved in hepatic lipogenesis, and it was found to be highly expressed in various metabolic diseases. However, Whether FATP2 is a key factor in the pathogenesis of HBx-induced hepatic steatosis remains unclear. In this study, we found that FATP2 was up-regulated by HBx in vitro and in vivo and participated in HBx-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Treatment of HBx-expressing cell lines and mice with FATP2 inhibitor (FATP2i) lipofermata ameliorated HBx-induced lipid accumulation and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation caused by lipid accumulation. Moreover, the liver injury of mouse was restored after FATP2i treatment. In summary, our results reveal that FATP2 is a key driver factor for HBx-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, and inhibition of FATP2 can ameliorates lipid accumulation caused by HBx. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of HBV-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Kuang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jizhong Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065, China.
| | - Tao Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Yum YJ, Yoo J, Bang K, Jun JE, Jeong IK, Ahn KJ, Chung HY, Hwang YC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation ameliorates liver fibrosis-differential action of transcription factor EB and autophagy on hepatocytes and stellate cells. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0154. [PMID: 37204406 PMCID: PMC10538880 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation suppresses HSC activation and liver fibrosis. Moreover, autophagy is implicated in hepatic lipid metabolism. Here, we determined whether PPARγ activation ameliorates HSC activation by downregulating transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated autophagy. METHODS AND RESULTS Atg7 or Tfeb knockdown in human HSC line LX-2 cells downregulated the expression of fibrogenic markers including α smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and collagen type 1. Conversely, Atg7 or Tfeb overexpression upregulated fibrogenic marker expression. Rosiglitazone (RGZ)-mediated PPARγ activation and/or overexpression in LX-2 cells and primary HSCs decreased autophagy, as indicated by LC3B conversion, total and nuclear-TFEB contents, mRFP-LC3 and BODIPY 493/503 colocalization, and GFP-LC3 and LysoTracker colocalization. RGZ treatment decreased liver fat content, liver enzyme levels, and fibrogenic marker expression in high-fat high-cholesterol diet-fed mice. Electron microscopy showed that RGZ treatment restored the high-fat high-cholesterol diet-mediated lipid droplet decrease and autophagic vesicle induction in primary HSCs and liver tissues. However, TFEB overexpression in LX-2 cells offset the aforementioned effects of RGZ on autophagic flux, lipid droplets, and fibrogenic marker expression. CONCLUSIONS Activation of PPARγ with RGZ ameliorated liver fibrosis and downregulation of TFEB and autophagy in HSCs may be important for the antifibrotic effects of PPARγ activation.
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Zaiou M. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ as a Target and Regulator of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081205. [PMID: 37190114 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors that control the transcription of multiple genes. Although it is found in many cells and tissues, PPARγ is mostly expressed in the liver and adipose tissue. Preclinical and clinical studies show that PPARγ targets several genes implicated in various forms of chronic liver disease, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Clinical trials are currently underway to investigate the beneficial effects of PPARγ agonists on NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Understanding PPARγ regulators may therefore aid in unraveling the mechanisms governing the development and progression of NAFLD. Recent advances in high-throughput biology and genome sequencing have greatly facilitated the identification of epigenetic modifiers, including DNA methylation, histone modifiers, and non-coding RNAs as key factors that regulate PPARγ in NAFLD. In contrast, little is still known about the particular molecular mechanisms underlying the intricate relationships between these events. The paper that follows outlines our current understanding of the crosstalk between PPARγ and epigenetic regulators in NAFLD. Advances in this field are likely to aid in the development of early noninvasive diagnostics and future NAFLD treatment strategies based on PPARγ epigenetic circuit modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaiou
- Institut Jean-Lamour, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7198 CNRS, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Guha Ray A, Odum OP, Wiseman D, Weinstock A. The diverse roles of macrophages in metabolic inflammation and its resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147434. [PMID: 36994095 PMCID: PMC10041730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most functionally diverse immune cells, indispensable to maintain tissue integrity and metabolic health. Macrophages perform a myriad of functions ranging from promoting inflammation, through inflammation resolution to restoring and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Metabolic diseases encompass a growing list of diseases which develop from a mix of genetics and environmental cues leading to metabolic dysregulation and subsequent inflammation. In this review, we summarize the contributions of macrophages to four metabolic conditions-insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegeneration. The role of macrophages is complex, yet they hold great promise as potential therapies to address these growing health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ada Weinstock
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Monirujjaman M, Renani LB, Isesele P, Dunichand-Hoedl AR, Mazurak VC. Increased Expression of Hepatic Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD)-1 and Depletion of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Content following Cytotoxic Cancer Therapy Are Reversed by Dietary Fish Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043547. [PMID: 36834959 PMCID: PMC9962117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment evokes impediments to liver metabolism that culminate in fatty liver. This study determined hepatic fatty acid composition and expression of genes and mediators involved in lipid metabolism following chemotherapy treatment. Female rats bearing the Ward colon tumor were administered Irinotecan (CPT-11) +5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and maintained on a control diet or a diet containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (2.3 g/100 g fish oil). Healthy animals provided with a control diet served as a reference group. Livers were collected one week after chemotherapy. Triacylglycerol (TG), phospholipid (PL), ten lipid metabolism genes, leptin, and IL-4 were measured. Chemotherapy increased TG content and reduced EPA content in the liver. Expression of SCD1 was upregulated by chemotherapy, while dietary fish oil downregulated its expression. Dietary fish oil down-regulated expression of the fatty acid synthesis gene FASN, while restoring the long chain fatty acid converting genes FADS2 and ELOVL2, and genes involved in mitochondrial β-oxidation (CPT1α) and lipid transport (MTTP1), to values similar to reference animals. Neither leptin nor IL-4 were affected by chemotherapy or diet. Depletion of EPA is associated with pathways evoking enhanced TG accumulation in the liver. Restoring EPA through diet may pose a dietary strategy to attenuate chemotherapy-associated impediments in liver fatty acid metabolism.
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Ezhilarasan D. Unraveling the pathophysiologic role of galectin-3 in chronically injured liver. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:673-686. [PMID: 36745560 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) previously referred to as S-type lectins, is a soluble protein that specifically binds to β-galactoside carbohydrates with high specificity. Gal-3 plays a pivotal role in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation, inflammation, differentiation, angiogenesis, transformation and apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing, metabolic syndromes, fibrosis, and host defense. The role of Gal-3 has also been implicated in liver diseases. Gal-3 is activated upon a hepatotoxic insult to the liver and its level has been shown to be upregulated in fatty liver diseases, inflammation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cholangitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal-3 directly interacts with the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3, and activates the inflammasome in macrophages of the liver. In the chronically injured liver, Gal-3 secreted by injured hepatocytes and immune cells, activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in a paracrine fashion to acquire a myofibroblast like collagen-producing phenotype. Activated HSCs in the fibrotic liver secrete Gal-3 which acts via autocrine signaling to exacerbate extracellular matrix synthesis and fibrogenesis. In the stromal microenvironment, Gal-3 activates cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. Clinically, increased serum levels and Gal-3 expression were observed in the liver tissue of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrotic/cirrhotic, and HCC patients. The pathological role of Gal-3 has been experimentally and clinically reported in the progression of chronic liver disease. Therefore, this review discusses the pathological role of Gal-3 in the progression of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yamazaki M, Okito M, Harada A, Miyake K, Tamiya T, Nakamura T. d-Allulose Supplementation Prevents Diet-Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation via miR-130-Mediated Regulation in C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200748. [PMID: 36461919 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE d-allulose is a low-calorie rare sugar. It has been reported that d-allulose supplementation significantly inhibits diet-induced hepatic fat accumulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study elucidates the mechanism underlying the suppressive effect of d-allulose on hepatic fat accumulation in terms of miRNA regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice are divided into three experimental groups-normal diet and distilled water (CC group), high-fat diet (HFD) and distilled water (HC group), and HFD and 5% d-allulose solution (HA group)-and fed the respective diets for 8 weeks. Weight gain is significantly lower in the HA group than that in the HC group, although the caloric intake is the same in both. Histological analysis of liver tissues reveals excessive lipid accumulation in the HC group; this is greatly attenuated in the HA group. Real-time PCR and western blot analyses demonstrate that, compared to the HC group, the HA group exhibits decreased hepatic PPARγ and CD36 expression. Hepatic miR-130 expression levels are higher in the HA group than those in the CC and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that miRNA changes associated with PPARγ may underlie the suppression of hepatic lipid accumulation induced by d-allulose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, 761-0123, Japan
| | - Misaki Okito
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, 761-0123, Japan
| | - Akio Harada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyake
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamiya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nakamura
- Department of Physiology 2, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
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