1
|
O’Leary AP, Fletcher W. Thinking about Believing: Can Metacognitive Reflection Encourage Belief Updating? J Intell 2024; 12:47. [PMID: 38786649 PMCID: PMC11122332 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence12050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
People often cling to their beliefs even in the face of counterevidence. The current study explored metacognitive reflection as a potential driver for belief updating. In a randomized controlled experiment (n = 155), participants rated their degree of agreement with a statement regarding genetic modification in humans. Following this, participants were presented with a passage containing an argument counter to their indicated belief. Participants in the metacognition condition were asked to deeply reflect on the ways in which the passage was similar to or different from their current beliefs. Participants in the control condition were asked to engage in more shallow reflection on the composition of the passage. After reflecting on the counterevidence, participants were asked to again rate their agreement with the statement regarding human gene modification. Both groups updated their initial beliefs to be more consistent with the presented counterevidence. Although greater belief updating was observed in those who metacognitively reflected on the passage, this effect did not reach significance (p = .055). These findings suggest that reflecting on counterevidence has the potential to encourage belief updating, regardless of whether that reflection is metacognitive in nature, and provide promise for future work investigating the role of metacognition in belief updating.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bota AV, Bogdan I, Razvan DV, Ilie AC, Tudor R, Indries MF, Csep AN, Marincu I. A Three-Year Cross-Sectional Analysis of Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:751-762. [PMID: 38476627 PMCID: PMC10929241 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s453247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study explores the longitudinal psychosocial impact of Long-COVID syndrome, also known as Post-COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by enduring symptoms after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection, over the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. It aimed to examine the variations in depression, anxiety, and quality of life among Post-COVID-19 patients during these years, hypothesizing significant inter-year differences reflecting the pandemic's evolving influence. Methods Conducted at Victor Babes Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pulmonology, Romania, this cross-sectional research involved 324 patients diagnosed with mild to moderate COVID-19, assessed six months post-hospitalization. Standardized instruments, namely Short Form (SF-36) for quality of life, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) for anxiety, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression, were utilized. Results The study observed a consistent average patient age of around 55 years across the years. A notable increase in COVID-19 vaccination rates was recorded, rising from 20.9% in 2020 to over 70% in 2022 (p<0.001). Trends in key post-COVID symptoms like fatigue and cognitive issues varied over the years. Importantly, there was a consistent decrease in feelings of sadness or depression, with scores declining from 7.3 in 2020 to 4.8 in 2022 (p<0.001). The SF-36 survey indicated a steady improvement in overall health, reaching 55.8±7.1 in 2022 (p=0.035). Both GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores showed significant reductions in anxiety and depression over the years, with p-values of 0.030 and 0.031, respectively. Factors such as smoking status, substance use, and the initial severity of COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with depression levels. Conclusion The findings suggest that despite persistent physical symptoms, Long-COVID patients experienced enhancements in mental well-being and quality of life over the studied period. The increasing vaccination rates might have contributed to this improvement. Addressing modifiable risk factors like smoking and substance use could further optimize post-COVID care and mental health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Vasile Bota
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, 300041, Romania
- Doctoral School, “victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, 300041, Romania
| | - Iulia Bogdan
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, 300041, Romania
- Doctoral School, “victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, 300041, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, 300041, Romania
| | - David Vladut Razvan
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, 300041, Romania
- Doctoral School, “victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, 300041, Romania
| | - Adrian Cosmin Ilie
- Department III Functional Sciences, Division of Public Health and Management, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, 300041, Romania
| | - Raluca Tudor
- Second Discipline of Neurology, “victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, 300041, Romania
| | - Mirela Florica Indries
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, 410087, Romania
| | - Andrei Nicolae Csep
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, 410087, Romania
| | - Iosif Marincu
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, 300041, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Esposito F, Rebelo D, Olanrewaju M, Vine M, Fernandes-Jesus M, Bodden D, Kalokoh A, Olson B. A community psychology for migrant justice: Critically examining border violence and resistance during the COVID-19 syndemic. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 73:27-43. [PMID: 37126214 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the magnifying lenses of the COVID-19 syndemic to highlight how people racialized as migrants and refugees have been-and continue to be-disproportionally harmed. We use empirical evidence collected in our scholarly/activist work in Europe, Africa, South Asia, and the United States to examine migrant injustice as being produced by a combination of power structures and relations working to maintain colonial global orders and inequalities. This is what has been defined as "border imperialism." Our data, complemented by evidence from transnational solidarity groups, show that border imperialism has further intersected with the hygienic-sanitary logics of social control at play during the COVID-19 period. This intersection has resulted in increasingly coercive methods of restraining people on the move, as well as in increased-and new-forms of degradation of their lives, that is, an overall multiplication of border violences. At the same time, however, COVID-19 has provided a unique opportunity for grassroot solidarity initiatives and resistance led by people on the move to be amplified and extended. We conclude by emphasizing the need for community psychologists to take a more vigorous stance against oppressive border imperialist regimes and the related forms of violence they re/enact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Esposito
- School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dora Rebelo
- CIS-Iscte, University Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Moshood Olanrewaju
- School of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, National Louis University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Megan Vine
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maria Fernandes-Jesus
- School of Education, Language and Psychology, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Debi Bodden
- School of Social Work, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aminata Kalokoh
- Association of Visitors to Immigration Detainees (AVID), Nottingham, UK
| | - Bradley Olson
- School of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, National Louis University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Parsons V, Wainwright E, Karanika-Murray M, Muiry G, Demou E. The impact of Covid-19 on research into work and health. Occup Med (Lond) 2024; 74:8-14. [PMID: 36039847 PMCID: PMC9452128 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic created a profound disruption to the delivery of planned scientific research with unknown immediate and potentially longer-term impacts. AIMS We explored researchers' experiences of the impact of the pandemic on the continued development and delivery of research into work and health, and on research infrastructure in this field. METHODS A cross-sectional study. RESULTS Thirty-three questionnaires were completed, representing a response rate of 15%. Sixty-one per cent of respondents were female, the majority (78%) had over 11 years of research experience and 76% worked mainly in academia. Most respondents (88%) were able to progress with research during the pandemic. A small proportion (4%) had studies paused or suspended due to the pandemic, while a larger proportion (19%) had research staff redeployed to assist with other studies or furloughed. Respondents described a range of emerging practical and logistical issues for research into work and health during the pandemic. Some benefited from increased opportunities to collaborate on new multidisciplinary studies, opportunities to engage participants in work and health research, and more flexible and inclusive work practices. Others experienced challenges that had an adverse impact, such as hampering research delivery (e.g. barriers to participant screening and intervention delivery), poor (home) working environments, reduced team cohesion and isolation. A range of future priorities for research was highlighted. CONCLUSIONS We describe lessons learned and opportunities that can be used to support or further research activities in the field of work and health research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Parsons
- Occupational Health Service, Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7NJ, UK
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 7UL, UK
- UK Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - E Wainwright
- UK Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Epidemiology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Psychology Department, Bath Spa University, Bath BA2 9BN, UK
| | - M Karanika-Murray
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - G Muiry
- Occupational Health Service, Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7NJ, UK
| | - E Demou
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 7HR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song P, Adeloye D, Acharya Y, Bojude DA, Ali S, Alibudbud R, Bastien S, Becerra-Posada F, Berecki M, Bodomo A, Borrescio-Higa F, Buchtova M, Campbell H, Chan KY, Cheema S, Chopra M, Cipta DA, Castro LD, Ganasegeran K, Gebre T, Glasnović A, Graham CJ, Igwesi-Chidobe C, Iversen PO, Jadoon B, Lanza G, Macdonald C, Park C, Islam MM, Mshelia S, Nair H, Ng ZX, Htay MNN, Akinyemi KO, Parisi M, Patel S, Peprah P, Polasek O, Riha R, Rotarou ES, Sacks E, Sharov K, Stankov S, Supriyatiningsih W, Sutan R, Tomlinson M, Tsai AC, Tsimpida D, Vento S, Glasnović JV, Vokey LB, Wang L, Wazny K, Xu J, Yoshida S, Zhang Y, Cao J, Zhu Y, Sheikh A, Rudan I. Setting research priorities for global pandemic preparedness: An international consensus and comparison with ChatGPT's output. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04054. [PMID: 38386716 PMCID: PMC10869134 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In this priority-setting exercise, we sought to identify leading research priorities needed for strengthening future pandemic preparedness and response across countries. Methods The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) used the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method to identify research priorities for future pandemic preparedness. Eighty experts in global health, translational and clinical research identified 163 research ideas, of which 42 experts then scored based on five pre-defined criteria. We calculated intermediate criterion-specific scores and overall research priority scores from the mean of individual scores for each research idea. We used a bootstrap (n = 1000) to compute the 95% confidence intervals. Results Key priorities included strengthening health systems, rapid vaccine and treatment production, improving international cooperation, and enhancing surveillance efficiency. Other priorities included learning from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, managing supply chains, identifying planning gaps, and promoting equitable interventions. We compared this CHNRI-based outcome with the 14 research priorities generated and ranked by ChatGPT, encountering both striking similarities and clear differences. Conclusions Priority setting processes based on human crowdsourcing - such as the CHNRI method - and the output provided by ChatGPT are both valuable, as they complement and strengthen each other. The priorities identified by ChatGPT were more grounded in theory, while those identified by CHNRI were guided by recent practical experiences. Addressing these priorities, along with improvements in health planning, equitable community-based interventions, and the capacity of primary health care, is vital for better pandemic preparedness and response in many settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peige Song
- School of Public Health and Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Davies Adeloye
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, UK
| | - Yubraj Acharya
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | | | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rowalt Alibudbud
- Department of Sociology and Behavioral Sciences, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marie Buchtova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kit Yee Chan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Lina Diaz Castro
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Teshome Gebre
- The Task force for Global Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anton Glasnović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Christopher J Graham
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Bismeen Jadoon
- Egyptian Representative, Committee of Fellows of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oxford, UK, and Royal Berkshire Hospital, NHS, UK
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
- University of Catania, Italy
| | - Calum Macdonald
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chulwoo Park
- Department of Public Health and Recreation, San José State University, San Jose, California, USA
| | | | | | - Harish Nair
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhi Xiang Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Mila Nu Nu Htay
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Smruti Patel
- Editor, Journal of Global Health Reports, Washington, USA
| | - Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre/Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Croatian Science Foundation, Zagreb, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Riha
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Emma Sacks
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Konstantin Sharov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Rosnah Sutan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Dialechti Tsimpida
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, The University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Laura B Vokey
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Liang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kerri Wazny
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, UK
| | - Jingyi Xu
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Jin Cao
- School of Public Health and Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yajie Zhu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Croatian Science Foundation, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - International Society of Global Health (ISoGH)
- School of Public Health and Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, UK
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
- Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Sociology and Behavioral Sciences, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Public Health Development Organization, El Paso, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
- African Studies, University of Vienna, Austria
- Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Australia
- Weill Cornell Medicine – Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- The World Bank, Washington, USA
- Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jakarta, Indonesia
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
- Seberang Jaya Hospital, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
- The Task force for Global Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- University of Bradford, UK
- University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway
- Egyptian Representative, Committee of Fellows of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oxford, UK, and Royal Berkshire Hospital, NHS, UK
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
- University of Catania, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Recreation, San José State University, San Jose, California, USA
- University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia
- Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
- Clemson University, USA
- Editor, Journal of Global Health Reports, Washington, USA
- Social Policy Research Centre/Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Croatian Science Foundation, Zagreb, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pasteur Institute, Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Children and Mother Health Movement Action, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, The University of Liverpool, UK
- University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Department of Hematology, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, UK
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- School of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jones CM, O'Connor DB, Ferguson SG, Schüz B. COVID Protection Behaviors, Mental Health, Risk Perceptions, and Control Beliefs: A Dynamic Temporal Network Analysis of Daily Diary Data. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:37-47. [PMID: 37648242 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To control infections, behavioral non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing and hygiene measures (masking, hand hygiene) were implemented widely during the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, adherence to NPIs has also been implied in an increase in mental health problems. However, the designs of many existing studies are often poorly suited to disentangle complex relationships between NPI adherence, mental health symptoms, and health-related cognitions (risk perceptions, control beliefs). PURPOSE To separate between- and temporal within-person associations between mental health, health-related cognitions, and NPI adherence. METHODS Six-month ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study with six 4-day assessment bouts in 397 German adults. Daily measurement of adherence, mental health symptoms, and cognitions during bouts. We used dynamic temporal network analysis to estimate between-person, as well as contemporaneous and lagged within-person effects for distancing and hygiene NPIs. RESULTS Distinct network clusters of mental health, health cognitions, and adherence emerged. Participants with higher control beliefs and higher susceptibility were also more adherent (between-person perspective). Within-person, similar findings emerged, additionally, distancing and loneliness were associated. Lagged findings suggest that better adherence to NPIs was associated with better mental health on subsequent days, whereas higher loneliness was associated with better subsequent hygiene adherence. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest no negative impact of NPI adherence on mental health or vice versa, but instead suggest that adherence might improve mental health symptoms. Control beliefs and risk perceptions are important covariates of adherence-both on between-person and within-person level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Jones
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Stuart G Ferguson
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Benjamin Schüz
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wilding S, O'Connor DB, Conner M. Social Norms in Cervical Cancer Screening. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231219943. [PMID: 38048215 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231219943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer screening aims to check the body for cancer before symptoms develop. Social norms theory suggests people falsely perceive the attitudes and/or behaviours of similar others to be different from their own and correcting these perceptions can lead to behaviour change. Across two studies, we tested if women underestimate peer levels of cervical screening behaviour and whether a social norms manipulation increases intention to attend cervical cancer screening. In study 1, participants completed a survey on cervical cancer screening norms. In study 2, participants were randomised to receive no norm information, norm information, or norm information plus statement on value of norms in decision making. In study 1, participant estimates of peer level of cervical screening behaviour were significantly lower than nationally reported levels. In study 2, a social norm plus value statement intervention led to stronger intentions to attend screening. This effect was consistent across demographic factors and screening status. Participants significantly underestimate rates of cervical screening behaviour in their peers. A brief, online social norms plus values manipulation increased intentions to attend cervical cancer screening across all groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
O'Connor DB, Wilding S, Ferguson E, Cleare S, Wetherall K, McClelland H, Melson AJ, Niedzwiedz C, O'Carroll RE, Platt S, Scowcroft E, Watson B, Zortea T, Robb KA, O'Connor RC. Effects of COVID-19-related worry and rumination on mental health and loneliness during the pandemic: longitudinal analyses of adults in the UK COVID-19 mental health & wellbeing study. J Ment Health 2023; 32:1122-1133. [PMID: 35579054 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lasting effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic are likely to be significant. AIMS This study tracked worry and rumination levels during the pandemic and investigated whether periods with higher COVID-related worry and rumination were associated with more negative mental health and loneliness. METHODS A quota survey design and a sampling frame that permitted recruitment of a national sample were employed. Findings for waves 1 (March 2020) to 6 (November 2020) are reported (N = 1943). RESULTS Covid-related worry and rumination levels were highest at the beginning of the first lockdown, then declined but increased when the UK returned to lockdown. Worry levels were higher than rumination levels throughout. High levels of COVID-related worry and rumination were associated with a five- and ten-fold increase in clinically meaningful rates of depression and anxiety (respectively) together with lower well-being and higher loneliness. The effects of COVID-related worry on depression and anxiety levels were most marked and clinically meaningful in individuals living with a pre-existing mental health condition. CONCLUSIONS Psychological interventions should include components that specifically target COVID-related worry and rumination. Individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions should be prioritised as we emerge from the current pandemic and in any future public health crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | | | - Seonaid Cleare
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Karen Wetherall
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Heather McClelland
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Ambrose J Melson
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Claire Niedzwiedz
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | - Steve Platt
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Billy Watson
- Scottish Association for Mental Health, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Tiago Zortea
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Kathryn A Robb
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Rory C O'Connor
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wykes T, Bell A, Carr S, Coldham T, Gilbody S, Hotopf M, Johnson S, Kabir T, Pinfold V, Sweeney A, Jones PB, Creswell C. Shared goals for mental health research: what, why and when for the 2020s. J Ment Health 2023; 32:997-1005. [PMID: 33966543 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1898552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems bring substantial individual, community and societal costs and the need for innovation to promote good mental health and to prevent and treat mental health problems has never been greater. However, we know that research findings can take up to 20 years to implement. One way to push the pace is to focus researchers and funders on shared, specific goals and targets. We describe a consultation process organised by the Department of Health and Social Care and convened by the Chief Medical Officer to consider high level goals for future research efforts and to begin to identify UK-specific targets to measure research impact. The process took account of new scientific methods and evidence, the UK context with a universal health care system (the NHS) and the embedded research support from the National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network, as well as the views of individual service users and service user organisations. The result of the consultation is a set of four overarching goals with the potential to be measured at intervals of three, five or ten years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Til Wykes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andy Bell
- Centre for Mental Health, London, UK
| | - Sarah Carr
- School of Social Policy/Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tina Coldham
- Participation, Involvement and Engagement Advisor to the NIHR Centre for Engagement and Dissemination, London, UK
| | - Simon Gilbody
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sonia Johnson
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | - Angela Sweeney
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cathy Creswell
- Department of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao L, Keller FM, Becker P, Dahmen A, Lippke S. Predictors of Dropout Among Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Secondary Analysis of a Longitudinal Study of Digital Training. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e43584. [PMID: 37903289 PMCID: PMC10683786 DOI: 10.2196/43584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dropout rates are a common problem reported in web-based studies. Understanding which risk factors interrelate with dropping out from the studies provides the option to prevent dropout by tailoring effective strategies. OBJECTIVE This study aims to contribute an understanding of the predictors of web-based study dropout among psychosomatic rehabilitation patients. We investigated whether sociodemographics, voluntary interventions, physical and mental health, digital use for health and rehabilitation, and COVID-19 pandemic-related variables determine study dropout. METHODS Patients (N=2155) recruited from 4 psychosomatic rehabilitation clinics in Germany filled in a web-based questionnaire at T1, which was before their rehabilitation stay. Approximately half of the patients (1082/2155, 50.21%) dropped out at T2, which was after the rehabilitation stay, before and during which 3 voluntary digital trainings were provided to them. According to the number of trainings that the patients participated in, they were categorized into a comparison group or 1 of 3 intervention groups. Chi-square tests were performed to examine the differences between dropout patients and retained patients in terms of sociodemographic variables and to compare the dropout rate differences between the comparison and intervention groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess what factors were related to study dropout. RESULTS The comparison group had the highest dropout rate of 68.4% (173/253) compared with the intervention groups' dropout rates of 47.98% (749/1561), 50% (96/192), and 42.9% (64/149). Patients with a diagnosis of combined anxiety and depressive disorder had the highest dropout rate of 64% (47/74). Younger patients (those aged <50 y) and patients who were less educated were more likely to drop out of the study. Patients who used health-related apps and the internet less were more likely to drop out of the study. Patients who remained in their jobs and patients who were infected by COVID-19 were more likely to drop out of the study. CONCLUSIONS This study investigated the predictors of dropout in web-based studies. Different factors such as patient sociodemographics, physical and mental health, digital use, COVID-19 pandemic correlates, and study design can correlate with the dropout rate. For web-based studies with a focus on mental health, it is suggested to consider these possible dropout predictors and take appropriate steps to help patients with a high risk of dropping out overcome difficulties in completing the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Gao
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine, Constructor University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maria Keller
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine, Constructor University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Alina Dahmen
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine, Constructor University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Klinikum Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Sonia Lippke
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine, Constructor University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Strizzi JM, Pavan S, Frederiksen EL, Andersson M, Graugaard C, Frisch M, Hald GM. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in Denmark during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: A two-wave matched-control study. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:563-573. [PMID: 37137485 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Subsequent to the restriction measures taken to curb the COVID-19 infection rate, researchers theorized these would have detrimental mental health consequences. This two-wave matched-control study investigates depression and anxiety symptoms during the first 12 months of the pandemic (March 2020-March 2021) in Denmark with data from the I-SHARE and Project SEXUS studies. The I-SHARE study includes 1,302 (Time period 1 only n = 914, Time period 2 only n = 304, both time periods 1 and2 n = 84) Danish participants, and the sex and birth year-matched control participants from the Project SEXUS study comprise 9,980 Danes. During the first year of the pandemic, the study populations' anxiety and depression symptom mean levels did not significantly differ from pre-pandemic matched controls. Younger age, female gender, fewer children in the same household (depression only), lower education level, and not being in a relationship (depression only) were associated with increased anxiety and depression symptom scores. The key COVID-19-related variable linked with significantly higher anxiety and depression symptom scores was COVID-19-related loss of income. Contrary to initial concerns, we did not find a significant effect of the pandemic on anxiety and depression symptom scores. However, the results underscore the importance of structural resources to prevent income loss to safeguard mental health during crises such as a pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Pavan
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mikael Andersson
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Graugaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Sexology Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Frisch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Sexology Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gert Martin Hald
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chaudhary R, Rohilla M, Chauhan S, Saini M, Aman S, Singla H, bibi A, Ahmed S, Shriwastav S, Kaur N, Dev J, Chalotra R, Singh TG, Mehta S. The pandemic's unseen wounds: COVID-19's profound effects on mental health. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:4954-4963. [PMID: 37811101 PMCID: PMC10552974 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, with a focus on the physiological and psychological consequences, including comorbidities. The goal is to understand the direct and indirect populations affected by mental distress and identify potential interventions. Methodology A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, PubMed, PLoS One, and Web of Science. The search utilized relevant keywords to investigate the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on mental health. The selected articles were critically evaluated and analyzed to identify key findings and insights. Main findings Mental health, being an intrinsic component of overall well-being, plays a vital role in physiological functioning. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, has had a devastating global impact. Beyond the respiratory symptoms, individuals recovering from COVID-19 commonly experience additional ailments, such as arrhythmia, depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Healthcare professionals on the frontlines face an elevated risk of mental illness. However, it is crucial to recognize that the general population also grapples with comparable levels of mental distress. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the significance of addressing mental health concerns. Various strategies can help mitigate the impact, including counselling, fostering open lines of communication, providing mental support, ensuring comprehensive patient care, and administering appropriate medications. In severe cases, treatment may involve the supplementation of essential vitamins and antidepressant therapy. By understanding the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on mental health, healthcare providers and policymakers can develop targeted interventions to support individuals and communities affected by the pandemic. Continued research and collaborative efforts are essential to address this pervasive issue effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manni Rohilla
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University
- Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Rajpura, Punjab
| | | | - Monika Saini
- M.M. College of Pharmacy
- Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Rajpura, Punjab
| | - Shahbaz Aman
- Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Science and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | | | | | | | - Shalini Shriwastav
- Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Science and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | - Narinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Science and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | - Jai Dev
- Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Science and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | - Rishabh Chalotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Sachin Mehta
- Birat Medical college Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu University, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reigada LC, Kaighobadi F, Niwa EY, Ahmed T, Carlson DJ, Shane J. An intersectional examination of the impact of COVID-stress and discrimination on college students' resilience and mental health. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37722811 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2249104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the impact of COVID-stress and discrimination on mental health among a group of diverse college students using an intersectional framework. Participants: One thousand six hundred seventy-one undergraduate students (Mage = 20.42, SD = 2.74) were recruited from nine college campuses. Methods: Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing mental health symptoms, COVID-stress, and in-school discrimination. Hierarchical regressions and multi-group SEM path analysis were conducted to examine differences across intersectional identities. Results: Female-identifying students reported higher COVID-stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and lower resilience compared to males. COVID-stress and discrimination were highest among certain minoritized student groups. Using an intersectional framework, more COVID-stress and discrimination were associated with increased anxiety for almost all women of color. Unexpectedly, COVID-stress predicted anxiety symptoms for almost all male intersectional groups. Conclusions: Findings reaffirm the intersectional framework and highlight significant disparities in how students experience COVID-stress, discrimination, and mental health outcomes along dimensions of gender and race/ethnicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Reigada
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Farnaz Kaighobadi
- Department of Psychology, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Erika Y Niwa
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Tanzina Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, Kingsborough Community College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Daniel J Carlson
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jacob Shane
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Berglund AM, Raugh IM, Macdonald KI, James SH, Bartolomeo LA, Knippenberg AR, Strauss GP. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on hallucinations and delusions in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and outpatients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1329-1338. [PMID: 36680609 PMCID: PMC9862234 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has had detrimental effects on mental health in the general population, the impact on those with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders has received relatively little attention. Assessing pandemic-related changes in positive symptoms is particularly critical to inform treatment protocols and determine whether fluctuations in hallucinations and delusions are related to telehealth utilization and treatment adherence. In the current longitudinal study, we evaluated changes in the frequency of hallucinations and delusions and distress resulting from them across three-time points. Participants included: (1) outpatients with chronic schizophrenia (SZ: n = 32) and healthy controls (CN: n = 31); (2) individuals at clinically high risk for psychosis (CHR: n = 25) and CN (n = 30). A series of questionnaires were administered to assess hallucination and delusion severity, medication adherence, telehealth utilization, and protective factors during the pandemic. While there were no significant increases in the frequency of hallucinations and delusions in SZ and CHR, distress increased from pre-pandemic to early pandemic in both groups and then decreased at the third time point. Additionally, changes in positive symptom severity in SZ were related to psychiatric medication adherence. Findings suggest that positive symptoms are a critical treatment target during the pandemic and that ongoing medication services will be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alysia M Berglund
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ian M Raugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kelsey I Macdonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sydney H James
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lisa A Bartolomeo
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Anna R Knippenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gregory P Strauss
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rogerson O, Baguley T, O'Connor DB. Childhood Trauma and Suicide. CRISIS 2023; 44:433-441. [PMID: 36537105 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and childhood trauma has been found to be an important risk factor. However, the mechanisms linking trauma to suicide risk remain unclear. Aims: The current registered report sought to (1) investigate whether childhood trauma and its subtypes were related to suicide risk in adulthood and (2) explore the potential mechanisms associating childhood trauma with suicide and well-being, especially executive functioning, impulsivity, and stress. Method: A cross-sectional survey of 457 individuals who reported experiencing suicide ideation in the past 12 months. Results: Childhood trauma and its subtypes were associated with an increased risk of reporting recent suicide thoughts, COVID-19-related suicide attempts, and recent suicide attempts. There were also significant indirect effects of childhood trauma on recent suicide ideation and well-being through executive functioning and impulsivity. Conclusion: These findings show that childhood trauma is associated with suicide risk in adulthood and suggest that poorer executive functioning and higher levels of impulsivity contribute to this increased risk. These results have implications for the development of future interventions to reduce suicide vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thom Baguley
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Prudenzi A, Graham CD, Rogerson O, O'Connor DB. Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the role of psychological flexibility and stress-related variables. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1378-1401. [PMID: 35073803 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and the psychological factors associated can help inform subsequent interventions to protect psychological health. In particular, psychological flexibility has been shown to be an important target for intervention. The current study aimed to investigate associations between protective factors (state mindfulness, values and self-compassion) and risk factors (COVID-19 stress, worry and rumination) for mental health during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN 439 participants completed three online surveys during the 1st wave of the pandemic in the UK: Time 1 (April 1-5th 2020), Time 2 (April 15-19th April), Time 3 (May 13-17th 2020). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures of wellbeing, burnout and life satisfaction. RESULTS Psychological health outcome measures were found to be lower (worse) than normative comparison data during the early stages of the UK lockdown, while COVID-19 stress and worry reduced over time. Multilevel models found that higher levels of trait and state measures of psychological flexibility and self-compassion were associated with better psychological health across time points. Higher levels of COVID-19 stress, worry and rumination were also associated with poorer psychological health. CONCLUSION The results showed that mindfulness, values and self-compassion are potential targets for intervention.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mansoubi M, Dawes J, Bhatia A, Vashisht H, Collett J, Greenwood DC, Ezekiel L, O'Connor D, Leveridge P, Rayner C, Read F, Sivan M, Tuckerbell I, Ward T, Delaney B, Muhlhausen W, Dawes H. Digital home monitoring for capturing daily fluctuation of symptoms; a longitudinal repeated measures study: Long Covid Multi-disciplinary Consortium to Optimise Treatments and Services across the NHS (a LOCOMOTION study). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071428. [PMID: 37553189 PMCID: PMC10414119 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A substantial proportion of COVID-19 survivors continue to have symptoms more than 3 months after infection, especially of those who required medical intervention. Lasting symptoms are wide-ranging, and presentation varies between individuals and fluctuates within an individual. Improved understanding of undulation in symptoms and triggers may improve efficacy of healthcare providers and enable individuals to better self-manage their Long Covid. We present a protocol where we aim to develop and examine the feasibility and usability of digital home monitoring for capturing daily fluctuation of symptoms in individuals with Long Covid and provide data to facilitate a personalised approach to the classification and management of Long Covid symptoms. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a longitudinal prospective cohort study of adults with Long Covid accessing 10 National Health Service (NHS) rehabilitation services in the UK. We aim to recruit 400 people from participating NHS sites. At referral to study, 6 weeks and 12 weeks, participants will complete demographic data (referral to study) and clinical outcome measures, including ecological momentary assessment (EMA) using personal mobile devices. EMA items are adapted from the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale items and include self-reported activities, symptoms and psychological factors. Passive activity data will be collected through wrist-worn sensors. We will use latent class growth models to identify trajectories of experience, potential phenotypes defined by co-occurrence of symptoms and inter-relationships between stressors, symptoms and participation in daily activities. We anticipate that n=300 participants provide 80% power to detect a 20% improvement in fatigue over 12 weeks in one class of patients relative to another. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Yorkshire & The Humber-Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee (ref: 21/YH/0276). Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN15022307.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Mansoubi
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Center, Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joanna Dawes
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Johnny Collett
- Department of Sport, Health and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Academic Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Leisle Ezekiel
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Phaedra Leveridge
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Clare Rayner
- Patient Advisory Group (PAG) Representative, Leeds, UK
| | - Flo Read
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Manoj Sivan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Tomas Ward
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Delaney
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Helen Dawes
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Center, Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McCracken LM, Buhrman M, Brocki K. COVID-19 and processes of adjustment in people with persistent pain: the role of psychological flexibility. Scand J Pain 2023; 23:539-545. [PMID: 36779299 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2022-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to investigate facets of Psychological Flexibility (PF) and Psychological Inflexibility (PI) and their relations with depression, anxiety, and insomnia in people with chronic pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was predicted that the full set of facets would significantly predict all three outcomes. The relative contributions of differing facets and dimensions was explored. METHODS Participants with pain were selected from a sample of 1,657 Swedish adults responding to an online survey of health and COVID-19. Persistent pain was defined as pain on most days, present for three months or more. A total of 560, 33.8% of the total sample, were included in the analyses. Standardized and validated measures were used to measure depression, anxiety, and insomnia, and the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) was used to measure both PF and PI. RESULTS Significant rates of depression, anxiety, and insomnia, at 43.1, 26.4, and 64.2%, respectively, were found in this sample. These rates appear higher than those found in a general sample in Sweden. PF was negatively associated with these problems while PI was positively associated with them. Better prediction of outcome was obtained by PI compared to PF. CONCLUSIONS PF and especially PI appear to have played a role in relation to health outcomes in people with persistent pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. This group of people appears to have been especially vulnerable to the impacts of the pandemic. This study motivates further investigation and development of treatment approaches, possibly focusing on training PF, for people with persistent pain in the current pandemic context and in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Buhrman
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Brocki
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chater AM, Brook-Rowland P, Tolani F, Christopher E, Hart J, Byrne-Davis LMT, Moffat A, Shorter GW, Epton T, Kamal A, O’Connor DB, Whittaker E, Lewis LJM, McBride E, Swanson V, Arden MA. Understanding a constellation of eight COVID-19 disease prevention behaviours using the COM-B model and the theoretical domains framework: a qualitative study using the behaviour change wheel. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1130875. [PMID: 37475767 PMCID: PMC10355219 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1130875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of behavioural science and behaviour change within local authorities and public health has supported healthful change; as evidenced by its importance and contribution to reducing harm during the COVID-19 pandemic. It can provide valuable information to enable the creation of evidence-based intervention strategies, co-created with the people they are aimed at, in an effective and efficient manner. Aim This study aimed to use the COM-B model to understand the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation of performing a constellation of eight COVID-19 disease prevention behaviours related to the slogans of 'Hands, Face, Space, Fresh Air'; 'Find, Isolate, Test, (FIT), and Vaccinate' in those employed in workplaces identified as high risk for transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) to support intervention development. Methods This qualitative study recruited twenty-three participants (16 female, 7 male), who were interviewed from three environments (schools, care homes, warehouses) across three local authorities. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Ten core themes were identified inductively; (1) knowledge and skills, (2) regulating the behaviour, (3) willingness to act, (4) necessity and concerns, (5) emotional impact, (6) conducive environment, (7) societal influence, (8) no longer united against COVID-19, (9) credible leadership, and (10) inconsistent adherence to COVID-19 prevention behaviours. Themes were then deductively mapped to the COM-B model of behaviour change and the theoretical domains framework and a logic model using the behaviour change wheel (BCW) was produced to inform intervention design. Conclusion This study offers a novel approach to analysis that has included eight behaviours within a single thematic analysis and COM-B diagnosis. This will enable local authorities to direct limited resources to overarching priorities. Of key importance, was the need for supportive and credible leadership, alongside developing interventions collaboratively with the target audience. COVID-19 has had an emotional toll on those interviewed, however, promoting the value of disease prevention behaviours, over and above their costs, can facilitate behaviour. Developing knowledge and skills, through education, training, marketing and modelling can further facilitate behaviour. This supports guidance produced by the British Psychological Society COVID-19 behavioural science and disease prevention taskforce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel M. Chater
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe Brook-Rowland
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Foyeke Tolani
- Bedford Borough, Central Bedfordshire and Milton Keynes Councils’ Shared Public Health Services, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Christopher
- Bedford Borough, Central Bedfordshire and Milton Keynes Councils’ Shared Public Health Services, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Hart
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abby Moffat
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian W. Shorter
- Drug and Alcohol Research Network, School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Epton
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Atiya Kamal
- School of Social Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl B. O’Connor
- Laboratory for Stress and Health Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Whittaker
- North Yorkshire County Council, Northallerton, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley J. M. Lewis
- Behavioural Science Unit, Public Health, Somerset County Council, Taunton, United Kingdom
| | - Emily McBride
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivien Swanson
- Psychology Division, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Madelynne A. Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Braekman E, Charafeddine R, Berete F, Bruggeman H, Drieskens S, Gisle L, Hermans L, Van der Heyden J, Demarest S. Data collection in pandemic times: the case of the Belgian COVID-19 health surveys. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:124. [PMID: 37403166 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survey data were needed to assess the mental and social health, health related behaviors and compliance with preventive measures of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the pandemic challenged classical survey methods. Time and budgetary constraints at the beginning of the pandemic led to ad hoc recruitment of participants and easily manageable data collection modes. This paper describes the methodological choices and results in terms of participation for the COVID-19 health surveys conducted in Belgium. METHODS The COVID-19 health surveys refer to a series of ten non-probability web surveys organized between April 2020 and March 2022. The applied recruitment strategies were diverse including, amongst others, a launch through the website and the social media of the organizing research institute. In addition, the survey links were shared in articles published in the national press and participants were requested to share the surveys in their network. Furthermore, participants were asked consent to be re-contacted for next survey editions using e-mail invitations. RESULTS These mixed approaches allowed to reach a substantial number of participants per edition ranging from 49339 in survey 1 to 13882 in survey 10. In addition, a longitudinal component was created; a large share of the same individuals were followed up over time; 12599 participants completed at least 5 surveys. There were, however, sex, age, educational level and regional differences in participation. Post-stratification weighting on socio-demographic factors was applied to at least partly take this into account. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 health surveys allowed rapid data collection after the onset of the pandemic. Data from these non-probability web surveys had their limitations in terms of representativeness due to self-selection but were an important information source as there were few alternatives. Moreover, by following-up the same individuals over time it was possible to study the effect of the different crisis phases on, amongst others, the mental health. It is important to draw lessons from these experiences: initiatives in order to create a survey infrastructure better equipped for future crises are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Braekman
- Department Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Rana Charafeddine
- Department Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Finaba Berete
- Department Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helena Bruggeman
- Department Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Drieskens
- Department Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lydia Gisle
- Department Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lize Hermans
- Department Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Stefaan Demarest
- Department Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lecours A, Gilbert MH, Boucher N, Vincent C. The Influence of Teleworking in a Pandemic Context on the Work Experience of Individuals with Physical Disabilities: A Quebec Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:375-388. [PMID: 36342631 PMCID: PMC9640780 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous changes in work environments. Thousands of workers quickly found themselves having to telework without being prepared, which had consequences on their work experience and health. Authors proposed telework practices that promote the healthy work experience of workers in a pandemic context, but less attention has been paid to consider the realities and needs of individuals with physical disabilities. Purpose This study aimed to explore the influence of telework during the pandemic on the work experience of people with physical disabilities. Methods Following an interpretive descriptive research design, interviews were conducted with 16 workers with physical disabilities (i.e., motor, or sensory). The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis strategy. Results The results revealed 15 factors that influence the work experience of teleworkers with physical disabilities. These factors are related to interactions between three spheres of the worker's life: the individual, the organization, and the environment. Ten recommendations are proposed to consider the reality and needs of individuals with physical disabilities in the telework practices. Conclusion Given that telework has expanded since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and will likely continue to remain a widespread modality of work delivery, it becomes even more important to expand knowledge about it, to benefit the work experience of teleworkers with physical disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lecours
- Département d'ergothérapie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 555 Boul de l'Université, Drummondville, QC, J2C 0R5, Canada.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Normand Boucher
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Vincent
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de Réadaptation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pourmasumi S, Kounis NG, Naderi M, Hosseinisadat R, Khoradmehr A, Fagheirelahee N, Kouni SN, de Gregorio C, Dousdampanis P, Mplani V, Michalaki MA, Plotas P, Assimakopoulos S, Gogos C, Aidonidis G, Roditis P, Matsas N, Velissaris D, Calogiuri G, Hung MY, Koniari I. Effects of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination on the Female Reproductive System: A Narrative Review. Balkan Med J 2023; 40:153-164. [PMID: 37114907 PMCID: PMC10175880 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2023.2023-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies and research papers have been published to elucidate and understand the mechanism of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its long-term effects on the human body. COVID-19 affects a number of organs, including the female reproductive system. However, less attention has been given to the effects of COVID-19 on the female reproductive system due to their low morbidity. The results of studies investigating the relationship between COVID-19 infection and ovarian function in women of reproductive age have shown the harmless involvement of COVID-19 infection. Several studies have reported the involvement of COVID-19 infection in oocyte quality, ovarian function, and dysfunctions in the uterine endometrium and the menstrual cycle. The findings of these studies indicate that COVID-19 infection negatively affects the follicular microenvironment and dysregulate ovarian function. Although the COVID-19 pandemic and female reproductive health have been studied in humans and animals, very few studies have examined how COVID-19 affects the female reproductive system. The objective of this review is to summarize the current literature and categorize the effects of COVID-19 on the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, uterus, and hormonal profiles. The effects on oocyte maturation, oxidative stress, which causes chromosomal instability and apoptosis in ovaries, in vitro fertilization cycle, high-quality embryos, premature ovarian insufficiency, ovarian vein thrombosis, hypercoagulable state, women’s menstrual cycle, the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis, and sex hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and the anti-Müllerian hormone, are discussed in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Pourmasumi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nicholas G. Kounis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Monavar Naderi
- Knowledge and Information Science, Vice Chancellor for Science and Technology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Robabe Hosseinisadat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Niloofar Fagheirelahee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Cesare de Gregorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Medical School, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Virginia Mplani
- Intensive Care Unit, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina A. Michalaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Fculty of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Stelios Assimakopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Gogos
- COVID-19 Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Pavlos Roditis
- Department of Cardiology, Mamatsio Kozanis General Hospital, Kozani, Greece
| | | | | | - Gianfranco Calogiuri
- Pneumonology Department, Civil Hospital “Ninetto Melli”, Pietro Vernoti, Brindisi, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Section of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ming-Yow Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ioanna Koniari
- Departmentof Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jarosz M, Dębski P, Główczyński P, Badura-Brzoza K. Health-Promoting Factors and Their Relationships with the Severity of Symptoms in Patients with Anxiety Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081153. [PMID: 37107986 PMCID: PMC10138080 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders in the modern world. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the onset of many mental disorders in people who did not have them before. It can be suspected that in people who already had anxiety disorders before the pandemic, their quality of life has significantly deteriorated. AIM The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between life satisfaction, acceptance of illness, the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms and health behaviors in a group of patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted in the period from March 2020 to March 2022. There were 70 people among the respondents, including 44 women aged 44.06 ± 14.89 years and 26 men aged 40.84 ± 16.72 years. All persons were diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Patients with other co-occurring disorders were excluded, i.e., depression and signs of organic damage to the central nervous system, as were those with cognitive disorders that prevented the completion of the questionnaires. The following scales were used in the study: the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS In the Satisfaction in Life questionnaire, the respondents obtained an average score of 17.59 ± 5.74 points. In the AIS scale, the mean score obtained by the patients was 27.10 ± 9.65 points. In the overall Health Behavior Inventory (HBI), the average score was 79.52 ± 15.24 points. In the HADS questionnaire, probants obtained an average of 8.17 ± 4.37 points in the depression subscale and 11.55 ± 4.46 points in the anxiety subscale. In addition, there were significant negative correlations between life satisfaction (SWLS) and the severity of anxiety and depression (HADS). The lower the perceived quality of life, the significantly higher the anxiety and depressive disorders. The result obtained in the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) as well as in the subscale of Prohealth Activities (PHA) was negatively associated with the severity of anxiety symptoms. Prohealth activities should therefore be developed to prevent anxiety disorders, as well as to promote positive mental attitudes. In the study, the average result obtained in the subscale of positive mental attitudes correlated negatively with both anxiety and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Life during the pandemic was assessed by patients as unsatisfactory. Health-promoting behaviors, and especially positive mental attitudes, may play a protective role in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms in a situation of increased stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic in a group of patients with anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jarosz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-000 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Dębski
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-000 Katowice, Poland
- Institute of Psychology, Humanitas University in Sosnowiec, 34-112 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Patryk Główczyński
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-000 Katowice, Poland
| | - Karina Badura-Brzoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-000 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The benefits of continuing patient and public involvement as part of a randomised controlled trial during the Covid-19 global pandemic. RESEARCH FOR ALL 2023. [DOI: 10.14324/rfa.07.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Patient and public involvement (PPI) in clinical research strengthens the quality and relevance of research, and has been crucial to ensure that researchers continue to investigate relevant and important topics during the global Covid-19 pandemic. The MICE (Mental Health Intervention for Children with Epilepsy) randomised controlled trial relies upon PPI to steer the direction and delivery of the trial, and the PPI Research Advisory Group (RAG) adapted to remote online meetings during the pandemic. This article first describes how the PPI RAG supported the research trial during the course of the pandemic, particularly with key trial stages of recruitment, retention and follow-up. It considers how the PPI tasks were adapted to ensure that they remained meaningful throughout this period, particularly for children and young people. Second, the article explores the acceptability of PPI in research using teleconferencing methods, via a co-produced survey of the PPI group members. Survey results indicated that, while participants valued face-to-face meetings, having remote PPI meetings was preferable to having nothing. There was some suggestion that teleconferencing platforms make it challenging for reserved members of the group, and for children, to contribute. Our findings emphasise the importance of continuing PPI even when circumstances are sub-optimal. We hope that our findings will contribute to the wider conversation about what makes PPI effective, particularly in a digital world.
Collapse
|
25
|
Coca KP, Chien LY, Lee EY, Souza ACDP, Hong SA, Chang YS. Factors associated with postpartum depression symptoms among postpartum women in five countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:171. [PMID: 36922822 PMCID: PMC10016169 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine factors associated with postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among postpartum women in five countries, a subject that has not been investigated thus far. METHODS A multi-country, cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 3,523 postpartum women in Brazil, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United Kingdom, from July to November 2021. Sociodemographic and obstetric data, food insecurity, COVID-19 positive status, COVID-19 vaccination, infant feeding, breastfeeding belief score, and social support were investigated. PPD and social support were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Maternal Social Support Scale, respectively. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and t-tests were used to identify associations with PPD symptoms. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify explanatory factors associated with PPD and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Women in Taiwan (AOR = 0.5; 95%CI 0.34, 0.73) and Thailand (AOR = 0.68; 95%CI 0.46, 0.99) had a lower risk of PPD symptoms than those in Brazil. In addition, women with planned pregnancies had a lower risk of PPD (AOR = 0.74; 95%CI 0.60, 0.91). Younger women (AOR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.05, 2.51), health problems during pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum (AOR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.42, 2.06), and no change or worse food insecurity during COVID-19 (AOR = 1.66; 95%CI 1.21, 1.27 for no change and AOR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.27, 1.23, respectively) presented a higher likelihood of having PPD. Feeding babies with expressed human milk (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI 1.03, 1.50) and/or complementary food (AOR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.17, 1.94) were associated with PPD symptoms. Women who received low (AOR = 7.74; 95%CI 5.43, 11.03) or medium support (AOR = 3.25; 95%CI 2.71, 3.88) had higher likelihoods of PPD. CONCLUSION PPD symptoms during the pandemic were high in young women, particularly Brazilian women, with health problems in the puerperal pregnancy cycle who fed their babies expressed breast milk and/or complementary food. Low social support also impacted PPD symptoms. This study highlights the need for the professional screening for PPD and provision of virtual or personal support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Pereira Coca
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Li-Yin Chien
- Institute of Community Health Care, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yang-Ming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Nursing, Catholic Kkottongnae University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seo Ah Hong
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Institute for Health and Society, Mahidol University, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand.
| | - Yan-Shing Chang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Saravanan P, Nisar T, Zhang Q, Masud F, Sasangohar F. Occupational stress and burnout among intensive care unit nurses during the pandemic: A prospective longitudinal study of nurses in COVID and non-COVID units. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1129268. [PMID: 36993929 PMCID: PMC10040835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1129268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are highly prone to occupational stress and burnout, affecting their physical and mental health. The occurrence of the pandemic and related events increased nurses' workload and further exacerbated their stress and burnout. This work investigates occupational stress and burnout experienced by ICU nurses working with COVID and non-COVID patients. Method A prospective longitudinal mixed-methods study was conducted with a cohort of ICU nurses working in medical ICU (COVID unit; n = 14) and cardiovascular ICU (non-COVID unit; n = 5). Each participant was followed for six 12-h shifts. Data on occupational stress and burnout prevalence were collected using validated questionnaires. Physiological indices of stress were collected using wrist-worn wearable technologies. Participants elaborated on the causes of stress experienced each shift by completing open-ended questions. Data were analyzed using statistical and qualitative methods. Results Participants caring for COVID patients at the COVID unit were 3.71 times more likely to experience stress (p < 0.001) in comparison to non-COVID unit participants. No differences in stress levels were found when the same participants worked with COVID and non-COVID patients at different shifts (p = 0.58) at the COVID unit. The cohorts expressed similar contributors to stress, based in communication tasks, patient acuity, clinical procedures, admission processes, proning, labs, and assisting coworkers. Conclusion Nurses in COVID units, irrespective of whether they care for a COVID patient, experience occupational stress and burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Saravanan
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tariq Nisar
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Faisal Masud
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farzan Sasangohar
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Heinsch M, Cootes H, Tickner C. Another implementation science is possible: engaging an 'intelligent public' in knowledge translation. HEALTH SOCIOLOGY REVIEW : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEALTH SECTION OF THE AUSTRALIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2023; 32:1-14. [PMID: 36880797 DOI: 10.1080/14461242.2023.2174897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the world contends with the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific expertise has permeated political discourse and the phrase 'following the science' is being used to build trust and justify government decision-making. This phrase reflects a problematic assumption that there is one objective science to follow and that the use of scientific knowledge in decision-making is inherently neutral. In this article, we examine more closely the dense and intricate relationships, values, politics, and interests that determine whose knowledge counts, who gets to speak, who is spoken for, and with what consequences, in the translation of scientific knowledge. Drawing key insights from Stengers' Manifesto for Slow Science, we argue that implementation science has a central role to play in problematising the historic dominance of certain voices and institutional structures that have come to symbolise trust, rigour, and knowledge. Yet to date, implementation science has tended to overlook these economic, social, historical, and political forces. Fraser's conception of social justice and Jasanoff's 'technologies of humility' are introduced as useful frameworks to extend the capacity of implementation science to engage the broader public as an 'intelligent public' in the translation of knowledge, during and beyond the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Heinsch
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australila
| | - Hannah Cootes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australila
| | - Campbell Tickner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australila
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Macyko SJ. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children/Youth With Special Health Care Needs: A School Nurse's Perspective. J Pediatr Health Care 2023; 37:117-121. [PMID: 36588055 PMCID: PMC9729642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
School nurses repeatedly have been stretched to the limits over the past few years with the COVID-19 pandemic-managing not only routine daily care of students but also juggling those unique needs of children and youth with special health care needs, especially for those who also lost a parent/caregiver from COVID-19. This article provides background demographic information on how the COVID-19 pandemic affected these children, along with a specific case report of a middle school student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who also experienced the loss of a parent from COVID-19. Specific practical suggestions are discussed on how school nurses proactively and collaboratively can assist these students whose lives were permanently changed by the life-changing event of losing a parent/caregiver from COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Macyko
- Susan J. Macyko, XXX, Conway School of Nursing, the Catholic University of America, Washington, DC.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
A mixed methods exploration of a pilot photo-reflection intervention for enhancing coping and well-being during COVID-19. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2023; 82:101990. [PMID: 36506482 PMCID: PMC9721269 DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2022.101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Restrictions enforced during the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with negative impacts on mental health and well-being. There is a need to support individuals to cope with these challenging circumstances. An embedded design mixed methods approach was employed to explore challenges experienced during the pandemic, the effectiveness of a photo-reflection intervention for enhancing coping, wellbeing, and resilience, and how this intervention functioned to impact on these outcomes. 108 participants were randomised to one of three photo-taking conditions; challenges experienced, coping strategies, or experiences and were assessed with measures of wellbeing, coping and resilience. In addition, open-ended survey questions were used to assess perceptions of experiences and of the effects of the intervention. There were no significant differences across the groups, however subjective psychological well-being, and emotional and functional well-being improved post-intervention regardless of intervention type. There was also an increase in planning and self-distraction coping for those whom the intervention elicited reflection. Qualitative data highlighted a range of challenges experienced and examples of both adaptive and maladaptive coping approaches. Photo-reflection intervention approaches may improve well-being and enhance coping during these challenging circumstances through providing opportunity to review and reflect on life experiences.
Collapse
|
30
|
Stewart TM, Fry D, Wilson J, McAra L, Hamilton S, King A, Laurie M, McCluskey G. Adolescent Mental Health Priorities During the Covid-19 Pandemic. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 15:247-259. [PMID: 36340296 PMCID: PMC9618414 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that the Covid-19 outbreak has impacted adolescents' mental health. Utilising a mixed-method design, the current study examined a total of 518 adolescent perspectives (60% female), in Scotland, on what has and could help their mental health in the context of Covid-19. A reflexive thematic analysis revealed three themes in relation to what has helped adolescents' mental health since the Covid-19 outbreak. These related to findings about the value of: (1) engaging in recreational activities, (2) engaging with friends, and (3) the disruption to schooling. The remaining four themes related to what could have helped adolescents mental health and wellbeing since the Covid-19 outbreak. These focussed on (1) better support: in relation to mental health; school work; and communication, (2) contact with friends, and (3) more opportunities for recreational activities. Males were more likely to report recreational activities had helped and less likely to report better support could have helped. Adolescents who reached clinical threshold for depression and anxiety and those with elevated PTSD-like symptoms about Covid-19 were more likely to state more support could have helped, and adolescents who reached clinical threshold for depression were less likely to report that friends could have helped their mental health. The findings may inform mental health policy and interventions in the recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M. Stewart
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ Scotland, UK
| | - Debi Fry
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ Scotland, UK
| | - Jenny Wilson
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ Scotland, UK
| | - Lesley McAra
- Edinburgh Law School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK
| | | | | | - Margaret Laurie
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ Scotland, UK
| | - Gillean McCluskey
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kubota M, Haga N. Impact of the coronavirus pandemic on families of patients with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15415. [PMID: 36371639 PMCID: PMC9877935 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks have dramatically changed lifestyles, with various effects on the physical and mental health of families and children with various childhood-onset neurological diseases. A questionnaire survey was conducted to identify family-specific issues and needs of patients with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) during major changes in their daily lives due to the COVID-19 outbreaks. METHODS An anonymous questionnaire was sent to 56 families that were members of the Association of Patients and Families of CIPA in Japan between October and November 2020, the first 2 months of the third outbreak. RESULTS Thirty-eight families (67.2% response rate) responded to the questionnaire. The current concerns of the parents were (1) difficulty in predicting the future (19 parents, 50%), (2) household and work concerns (eight parents, 21.1%), and (3) whether they would become infected (25 parents, 65.8%). Fifteen families indicated stress due to increased time together (stress + group), and 10 families had a better understanding of each other due to increased time together. New sleep disturbances and behavioral changes were observed in approximately 20% and 50% of patients with CIPA, respectively. No single factor could explain family stress. There were also free descriptions of the importance of peer support, connections with experts, and prompt responses for resolution. CONCLUSIONS Each family has its own way of coping with multiple factors that contribute to the stress of the patient and family. A long-established resilience to the disease proved effective during this pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimada Ryoiku Medical Center for Challenged Children, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Haga
- Rehabilitation Services Bureau, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Probable COVID-19 infection is associated with subsequent poorer mental health and greater loneliness in the UK COVID-19 Mental Health and Wellbeing study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20795. [PMID: 36460665 PMCID: PMC9718764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with psychological distress. In addition to physical effects including fatigue and cognitive impairment, contracting COVID-19 itself may also be related to subsequent negative mental health outcomes. The present study reports data from a longitudinal, national survey of the UK adult population investigating whether contracting suspected or confirmed COVID-19 at the early stages of the pandemic (March-May 2020) was associated with poorer mental health outcomes in May/June 2020, October/November 2020 and June/July 2021. A quota survey design and a sampling frame that permitted recruitment of a national sample (n = 3077) were utilised. Experience of contracting COVID-19 during the first UK lockdown was assessed along with levels of depression, anxiety, mental wellbeing and loneliness. Around 9% of participants reported contracting COVID-19 in March/May 2020 (waves 1-3) with just under 13% of the overall sample reporting COVID-19 at any one of the first three time points. Compared to those without probable COVID-19 infection, participants with probable COVID-19 had poorer mental health outcomes at follow-up with these effects lasting up to 13 months (e.g., May/June 2020:ORdepression = 1.70, p < 0.001; ORanxiety = 1.61, p = 0.002; Oct/Nov 2020, ORdepression = 1.82, p < 0.001; ORanxiety 1.56, p = 0.013; June/July 2021, ORdepression = 2.01, p < 0.001; ORanxiety = 1.67, p = 0.008). Having a pre-existing mental health condition was also associated with greater odds of having probable COVID-19 during the study (OR = 1.31, p = 0.016). The current study demonstrates that contracting probable COVID-19 at the early stage of the pandemic was related to long-lasting associations with mental health and the relationship between mental health status and probable COVID-19 is bidirectional.
Collapse
|
33
|
Denerel N, Lima Y. Competing against COVID-19: what about the mental health problems of athletes with disabilities? PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 50:546-552. [PMID: 34961402 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2021.2022967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although there is growing interest in athletes' mental health (MH), there is a paucity of research exploring MH in athletes with disabilities (AWD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological state of AWD. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online survey including demographic questions, SARS-CoV-2-related questions, and standardized scales assessing depression, anxiety, stress, coronavirus anxiety (CAS), and nonspecific psychological distress was distributed to AWD. RESULTS A total of 362 athletes (183 AWD) participated in the study (response rate 31.2%). AWD infected with SARS-CoV-2 reported higher depression, anxiety, and CAS scores than AWD not infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Z = -2.10, ES = 0.15 Z = -3.45, ES = 0.25; Z = -2.43, ES = 0.18; respectively). Female AWD reported higher anxiety scores compared to males (Z = -2.25, ES = 0.16). Depression (Z = -2.80, ES = 0.20), stress (Z = -2.12, ES = 0.15) and K-10 (Z = -2.02, ES = 0.14 scores of individual sport AWD were higher than team sports AWD. CONCLUSION MH problems in AWD were associated with a wide range of variables such as being infected with SARS-CoV-2, female gender, competing in an individual sport, and having performance concerns. In light of these results, MH assessment should be undertaken for AWD to ensure appropriate and timely intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevzad Denerel
- Sports Medicine Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yavuz Lima
- Sports Medicine Department, Balıkesir Atatürk City Hospital, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wilding S, O'Connor DB, Ferguson E, Wetherall K, Cleare S, O'Carroll RE, Robb KA, O'Connor RC. Information seeking, mental health and loneliness: Longitudinal analyses of adults in the UK COVID-19 mental health and wellbeing study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114876. [PMID: 36215778 PMCID: PMC9526871 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Information seeking has generally been seen as an adaptive response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it may also result in negative outcomes on mental health. The present study tests whether reporting COVID-related information seeking throughout the pandemic is associated with subsequently poorer mental health outcomes. A quota-based, non-probability-sampling methodology was used to recruit a nationally representative sample. COVID-related information seeking was assessed at six waves along with symptoms of depression, anxiety, mental wellbeing and loneliness (N = 1945). Hierarchical linear modelling was used to assess the relationship between COVID-related information seeking and mental health outcomes. Information seeking was found to reduce over time. Overall, women, older and higher socioeconomic group individuals reported higher levels of information seeking. At waves 1-4 (March-June 2020) the majority of participants reported that they sought information on Covid 1-5 times per day, this decreased to less than once per day in waves 5 and 6 (July-November 2020). Higher levels of information seeking were associated with poorer mental health outcomes, particularly clinically significant levels of anxiety. Use of a non-probability sampling method may have been a study limitation, nevertheless, reducing or managing information seeking behaviour may be one method to reduce anxiety during pandemics and other public health crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl B. O'Connor
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom,Corresponding author
| | - Eamonn Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Wetherall
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Seonaid Cleare
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ronan E. O'Carroll
- Division of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn A. Robb
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rory C. O'Connor
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wilding S, Prudenzi A, Conner M, O'Connor DB. Do reasoned action approach variables mediate relationships between demographics and cervical cancer screening intentions or behaviour? An online study of women from the UK. Soc Sci Med 2022; 313:115354. [PMID: 36191387 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the UK, approximately 3,200 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year. Regular screening is one of the best ways to prevent cervical cancer from developing, yet screening rates are declining and vary by sociodemographic variables. The present stratified online study aimed to investigate relationships between sociodemographic factors and screening intentions and past behaviour. Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) variables were assessed as potential mediators. METHODS In total, 500 women living in the UK were recruited via an online research recruitment website to an online cross-sectional survey. Participant recruitment was stratified by age, socioeconomic status and ethnicity to ensure adequate representation of each strata. Participants completed measures on RAA variables (affective attitudes, cognitive attitudes, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, capability, autonomy, and intention) as well as screening past behaviour. RESULTS Among the demographic variables, age, ethnicity and deprivation were significantly related to screening intention. Younger women, those from less deprived areas, along with white women were more likely to report higher intentions to attend screening. Past behaviour was significantly negatively predicted by deprivation only, indicating that individuals from less deprived areas were more likely to be up to date with their screening. Both intention and past behaviour were significantly positively correlated with all RAA variables. Capability and cognitive attitude partially mediated the relationship between age and intention and fully mediated the relationship between ethnicity and intention. Capability fully mediated the relationships between deprivation and intention and between deprivation and past behaviour. CONCLUSION Intentions toward attending cervical cancer screening are related to age, ethnicity, and level of deprivation, with older women and those from areas of greater deprivation and ethnic minority groups reporting lower intentions. Capability (confidence engaging in cervical screening) and cognitive attitudes (how useful/beneficial screening is seen to be) are key variables to target to promote cervical screening attendance and reduce potential inequalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Arianna Prudenzi
- School of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Harrison V, Moulds ML, Jones K. Support from friends moderates the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and postnatal wellbeing during COVID-19. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2022; 40:516-531. [PMID: 33586544 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2021.1886260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has linked repetitive negative thinking (RNT) to postnatal depression and anxiety, yet the factors moderating this relationship have been minimally investigated. During the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, social restrictions imposed to reduce viral transmission limited access to social support, which is critical to postnatal psychological wellbeing - potentially intensifying RNT. OBJECTIVE We examined whether perceived social support (from friends, family, and a significant other) played a moderating role in the relationship between RNT and maternal postnatal anxiety and depressive symptoms. METHODS A sample of women (N = 251) who had given birth in the preceding 12 months completed an online battery of standardised measures during the COVID-19 'lockdown' of May 2020. RESULTS As predicted, social support moderated the relationship between RNT and depression such that the association between RNT and depression was stronger for women who reported lower levels of social support. Interestingly, this finding emerged for social support from friends only; for support from family and significant other, social support did not play a moderating role. Further, and unexpectedly, overall social support did not moderate the relationship between RNT and postnatal anxiety, however, social support from friends was a significant moderator. CONCLUSIONS High levels of perceived social support from friends (but not family or significant others) buffered the effects of RNT on depression and anxiety during the postpartum period. Strategies to bolster peer social support may be a valuable inclusion in interventions to prevent and treat postnatal depression and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Harrison
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Michelle L Moulds
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katie Jones
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kennedy EB, Charifson M, Jehn M, Jensen EA, Vikse J. Prospective sampling bias in COVID-19 recruitment methods: experimental evidence from a national randomized survey testing recruitment materials. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:251. [PMID: 36162985 PMCID: PMC9510455 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, social science research has required recruiting many prospective participants. Many researchers have explicitly taken advantage of widespread public interest in COVID-19 to advertise their studies. Leveraging this interest, however, risks creating unrepresentative samples due to differential interest in the topic. In this study, we investigate the design of survey recruitment materials with respect to the views of resultant participants. Methods Within a pan-Canadian survey (stratified random mail sampling, n = 1969), the design of recruitment invitations to prospective respondents was experimentally varied, with some prospective respondents receiving COVID-specific recruitment messages and others receiving more general recruitment messages (described as research about health and health policy). All respondents participated, however, in the same survey, allowing comparison of both demographic and attitudinal features between these groups. Results Respondents recruited via COVID-19 specific postcards were more likely to agree that COVID-19 is serious and believe that they were likely to contract COVID-19 compared to non-COVID respondents (odds = 0.71, p = 0.04; odds = 0.74, p = 0.03 respectively; comparing health to COVID-19 framed respondents). COVID-19 specific respondents were more likely to disagree that the COVID-19 threat was exaggerated compared to the non-COVID survey respondents (odds = 1.44, p = 0.02). Conclusions COVID-19 recruitment framing garnered a higher response rate, as well as a sample with greater concern about coronavirus risks and impacts than respondents who received more neutrally framed recruitment materials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-022-01726-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Kennedy
- Disaster and Emergency Management, School of Administrative Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Mia Charifson
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Megan Jehn
- Global Health, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Eric A Jensen
- Research Department, Institute for Methods Innovation, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jenna Vikse
- Discourse, Science, Publics Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Connecting to Nature through 360° Videos during COVID-19 Confinement: A Pilot Study of a Brief Psychological Intervention. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:4242888. [PMID: 36157309 PMCID: PMC9492359 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4242888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychological interventions have been shown to be beneficial in mitigating stress related to COVID-19 confinement. According to theories of restorative environments, exposure to natural surroundings has positive effects on well-being and stress through its restorative qualities. With 360° video-based Virtual Reality (VR), people can be exposed to nature and so better manage the consequences associated with mobility restrictions during confinement. The main aim of this pilot study was to examine whether a 360° video-based VR intervention composed of five 13-minute sessions (once a day) has positive effects on affect, well-being, and stress. The sample was made up of 10 participants (4 men and 6 women; age : M = 46.5, SD = 11.7) who were confined at home (voluntarily or not) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were instructed to watch a 360° video each day (of a “beach” or “lake” environment) using their smartphone and VR glasses sent to them by mail. Participants responded with several self-reports before and/or after each session (emotions and sense of presence) and before and/or after the intervention (affect, well-being, perceived stress, perceived restorativeness of nature, and the usefulness and acceptability of the intervention). Results showed a tendency to improve positive (e.g., happiness) and negative (e.g., anxiousness) emotions and experience a high sense of presence after each session. Moreover, perceived restorative qualities of the environment and their cognitive and behavioral effects were high. A significant decrease in negative affect was found after the intervention. Usefulness and acceptability were also high. This is the first study to show that an affordable and accessible technology can be used to overcome the negative consequences of confinement and counteract its harmful psychological effects.
Collapse
|
39
|
Azim T, Bhushan A, Del Rio Vilas VJ, Srivastava R, Wijesinghe PR, Ofrin R, Chauhan S, Krishnan A. Public health research priorities for WHO on COVID-19 in the South-East Asia Region: results of a prioritization survey. Health Res Policy Syst 2022; 20:96. [PMID: 36064411 PMCID: PMC9443619 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-022-00862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effectively addressing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the new pathogen requires continuous generation of evidence to inform decision-making. Despite an unprecedented amount of research occurring globally, the need to identify gaps in knowledge and prioritize a research agenda that is linked to public health action is indisputable. The WHO South-East Asia Region (SEAR) is likely to have region-specific research needs. Methods We aimed to identify a priority research agenda for guiding the regional and national response to the COVID-19 pandemic in SEAR countries. An online, anonymous research prioritization exercise using recent WHO guidance was conducted among the technical staff of WHO’s country and regional offices engaged with the national COVID-19 response during October 2020. They were each asked to contribute up to five priority research ideas across seven thematic areas. These research ideas were reviewed, consolidated and scored by a core group on six parameters: regional specificity, relevance to the COVID-19 response, feasibility within regional research capacity, time to availability for decision-making, likely impact on practice, and promoting equity and gender responsiveness. The total scores for individual suggestions were organized in descending order, and ideas in the upper tertile were considered to be of high priority. Results A total of 203 priority research ideas were received from 48 respondents, who were primarily research and emergency response focal points in country and regional offices. These were consolidated into 78 research ideas and scored. The final priority research agenda of 27 items covered all thematic areas—health system (n=10), public health interventions (n=6), disease epidemiology (n=5), socioeconomic and equity (n=3), basic sciences (n=1), clinical sciences (n=1) and pandemic preparedness (n=1). Conclusions This exercise, a part of WHO’s mandate to “shape the research agenda”, can help build a research roadmap ensuring efficient use of limited resources. This prioritized research agenda can act as a catalyst for Member States to accelerate research that could impact the COVID-19 response in SEAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Azim
- World Health Organization, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anjana Bhushan
- World Health Organization, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rahul Srivastava
- World Health Organization, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Sharat Chauhan
- World Health Organization, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Khubchandani J, Sharma S, Webb FJ, Wiblishauser MJ, Sharma M. COVID-19 Infection among Family and Friends: The Psychological Impact on Non-Infected Persons. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1123. [PMID: 36138859 PMCID: PMC9497068 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the mental health impact of having a family member or friend infected with COVID-19. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive national assessment of the psychological impact of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, or death among family members and friends. A multi-item valid and reliable questionnaire was deployed online to recruit adults in the U.S. A total of 2797 adult Americans without a history of COVID-19 infection participated in the study and reported that they had a family member or friend infected with (54%), hospitalized due to (48%), or die (36%) of COVID-19 infection. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both (i.e., psychological distress) were statistically significantly higher among those who had family members/friends infected, hospitalized, or die due to COVID-19. Also, this study found that the greater the number of family members/friends affected by COVID-19, or the more severe the COVID-19 infection outcome (i.e., hospitalization vs. death), the higher the odds of symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both. There is an urgent need to develop educational interventions and implement policy measures that address the growing mental health needs of this subgroup of the population that was not infected but indirectly affected by COVID-19 infections among social networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Khubchandani
- College of Health, Education & Social Transformation, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Provost Office, Texas A&M University Texarkana, Texarkana, TX 75503, USA
| | - Fern J. Webb
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Michael J. Wiblishauser
- School of Education, Health Professions & Human Development, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901, USA
| | - Manoj Sharma
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ramshaw G, McKeown A, Lee R, Conlon A, Brown D, Kennedy PJ. Introduction of Technology to Support Young People’s Care and Mental Health—A Rapid Evidence Review. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2022; 52:509-531. [PMID: 35966643 PMCID: PMC9362215 DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Technology and its use within mental health services has advanced dramatically over recent years. Opportunities for mental health services to utilise technology to introduce novel, effective, and more efficient means of delivering assessment, and treatment are increasing. Objective The current rapid-evidence paper reviews evidence regarding the introduction of novel technology to support young people’s mental health and psychological well-being. Methods A rapid evidence review was conducted. PSYCHINFO and CINAHL were searched for research articles between 2016 and 2021 that were specific to young people, mental health, and technology developments within this domain. N = 27 studies which explored the introduction, feasibility, and value of technology for mental health purposes were included in a narrative synthesis. Quality or risk of bias analyses were not completed. Results Overall, technological advancements in young people’s care were considered positive and engaging for young people. Factors including resources, efficiency of care, engagement, therapeutic effectiveness, ethical considerations, therapeutic alliance, and flexibility were considered within this review. Nevertheless, potential barriers include clinician concerns, socioeconomic factors, and motivation. Conclusion Effective and sustained use of technology within young people’s mental health services will depend on the technology’s usability, efficiency, and ability to engage young people. This paper expands on existing research by reviewing a broader range of technology proposed to support young people’s mental health and well-being. This will assist in the application of novel technological advancements by indicating effectiveness, preferences, potential barriers, and recommendations for the feasibility and efficacy of introducing technology into young people’s services.
Collapse
|
42
|
Schluter PJ, Généreux M, Landaverde E, Chan EYY, Hung KKC, Law R, Mok CPY, Murray V, O'Sullivan T, Qadar Z, Roy M. An eight country cross-sectional study of the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 induced quarantine and/or isolation during the pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13175. [PMID: 35915133 PMCID: PMC9341149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced quarantine and nationwide lockdowns have been a primary response by many jurisdictions in their attempt at COVID-19 elimination or containment, yet the associated mental health burden is not fully understood. Using an eight country cross-sectional design, this study investigates the association between COVID-19 induced quarantine and/or isolation on probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episode (MDE) psychological outcomes approximately eight months after the pandemic was declared. Overall, 9027 adults participated, and 2937 (32.5%) were indicated with GAD and/or MDE. Reported quarantine and/or isolation was common, with 1199 (13.8%) confined for travel or health requirements, 566 (6.5%) for being close contact, 720 (8.3%) for having COVID-19 symptoms, and 457 (5.3%) for being COVID-19 positive. Compared to those not quarantining or isolating, the adjusted estimated relative risks of GAD and/or MDE associated with quarantine and/or isolation was significant (p < 0.001), ranging from 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 1.43) for travel/health to 1.37 (95% CI 1.19, 1.59) for COVID-19 symptom isolation reasons. While almost universally employed, quarantine and/or isolation is associated with a heavy mental health toll. Preventive strategies are needed, such as minimizing time-limits imposed and providing clear rationale and information, together with additional treatment and rehabilitation resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Schluter
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury-Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand. .,School of Clinical Medicine - Primary Care Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Mélissa Généreux
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Elsa Landaverde
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Emily Y Y Chan
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin K C Hung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Law
- Department of Health, 2932, Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Catherine P Y Mok
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Tracey O'Sullivan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Zeeshan Qadar
- National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Family Medicine & Emergency Medicine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Islam MS, Amin M, Karatepe OM, Herjanto H. Leader–member exchange, work–family enrichment and their effects on mental health: the moderating role of remote e-work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-05-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of leader–member exchange (LMX) and work–family enrichment (WFE) on anxiety and depression, social functioning and loss of confidence as three dimensions of mental health. Furthermore, the paper aims to investigate telework and information and communication technology-based mobile work (TICTM) as a moderator of the effects of LMX and WFE on mental health.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 214 Bangladeshi employees in the public and private sectors via an online survey. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multi-group analysis were performed to gauge the abovementioned linkages.FindingsThe findings reveal that LMX fosters employees' social functioning while it mitigates their losing confidence. The findings further indicate that WFE enhances social functioning while alleviating anxiety and depression. However, TICTM did not act as a moderator of the effects of LMX and WFE on three dimensions of mental health.Originality/valueDespite a plethora of empirical studies on LMX and WFE, no empirical studies have examined the effect on employee mental health as well as TICTM as a moderator in these linkages in the extant service literature so far. This paper set out to fill in these voids.
Collapse
|
44
|
Jones K, Harrison V, Moulds ML, Lazard L. A qualitative analysis of feelings and experiences associated with perinatal distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:572. [PMID: 35850668 PMCID: PMC9294838 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rates of perinatal mental health difficulties (experienced during pregnancy and the 12-months postpartum) increased worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the UK, anxiety and depression were estimated to affect more than half of perinatal women during the first national lockdown. However, little is known about women’s qualitative experiences of distress. This study aimed to extend published quantitative findings resulting from the same data set (Harrison et al., Women Birth xxxx, 2021; Harrison et al., J Reprod Infant Psychol 1–16, 2021) to qualitatively explore: 1) the feelings and symptoms associated with maternal perinatal distress during the COVID-19 pandemic; and 2) the associated sources of distress. Methods As part of an online survey during May 2020, 424 perinatal women responded to an open-ended question regarding a recent experience of distress. Qualitative data were analysed using an initial content analysis, followed by an inductive thematic analysis adopting a realist approach. Data were explored in the context of self-reported perinatal anxiety and depression symptoms. Results Initial content analysis of the data identified twelve distinct categories depicting participants’ feelings and symptoms associated with psychological distress. Despite the high rates of probable depression in the sample, women’s descriptions were more indicative of anxiety and general distress, than of symptoms traditionally related to depression. In terms of the associated psychosocial stressors, a thematic analysis identified five themes: Family wellbeing; Lack of support; Mothering challenges; Loss of control due to COVID-19; and Work and finances. Unsurprisingly given the context, isolation was a common challenge. Additionally, psychological conflict between maternal expectations and the reality of pregnancy and motherhood, loss of autonomy and control, and fears surrounding family health, safety, and wellbeing underlay many of the themes. Conclusions This study presents an array of feelings and symptoms expressed by perinatal mothers which may be useful to consider in relation to perinatal wellbeing. Furthermore, our data highlights several common sources of distress, including multiple COVID-19 specific factors. However, many were related to more general perinatal/maternal experiences. Our findings also point to considerations that may be useful in alleviating distress in pregnancy and early motherhood, including social support, realistic perinatal/maternal expectations, and support for those with perceived perinatal trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Jones
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | - Virginia Harrison
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Lisa Lazard
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Village A, Francis LJ. How Did the Psychological Well-Being of Church of England Clergy and Laity Change From the First to the Third National COVID-19 Lockdowns? PASTORAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 71:653-666. [PMID: 35821736 PMCID: PMC9261886 DOI: 10.1007/s11089-022-01017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The balanced affect model of psychological well-being conceptualises positive and negative affect as two separate continua and well-being as the function of these two entities. The COVID-19 pandemic lasted over two years in the United Kingdom and initially caused widespread declines in mental health and well-being. This paper tests whether such declines continued or stabilised as the pandemic lockdowns persisted. The psychological well-being of a religiously committed sample was assessed by perceived changes in affect balance (a function of negative and positive affect) using The Index of Affect Balance Change (TIBACh) from the first to the third COVID-19 lockdowns in the Church of England. The 2020 sample in the first lockdown comprised 792 stipendiary parochial clergy and 2,815 laity who were not in licensed ministry in the Church of England. A repeat survey in the third lockdown in England in 2021 collected responses from 401 equivalent clergy and 1027 equivalent laity. Both clergy and lay people showed increased proportions reporting lower positive affect and increased proportions reporting higher negative affect in the second survey, suggesting psychological well-being had continued to deteriorate as lockdowns persisted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Village
- School of Humanities, York St John University, Lord Mayor’s Walk, York, YO31 7EX UK
| | - Leslie J. Francis
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Palalar Alkan D, Ozbilgin M, Kamasak R. Social innovation in managing diversity: COVID-19 as a catalyst for change. EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/edi-07-2021-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PurposeCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an adverse impact on workforce diversity internationally. While in the Global North, many countries have sophisticated laws and organizational mechanisms and discourses to deal with such adverse impacts on workforce diversity, such structures of diversity management are either ceremonial or poorly developed in the Global South. The global pandemic disproportionately impacted Global North and Global South increases the existing gap due to vaccine rollout inequality and divergence in recoveries. The authors explore social innovation as a possible option for responding to the challenges induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on interviews in 26 distinctive organizations operating in various industries in Turkey. The authors have adopted a qualitative design to explore how social innovation helps to respond to diversity concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThe authors demonstrate that social innovation presents a viable option for a country with a poorly regulated context of diversity management. Social innovation could help overcome the challenge of the absence of supportive legislation, discourses and practices of diversity in poorly regulated contexts.Originality/valueThe field study revealed several distinct forms of social innovation for diversity management, which emerged as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors demonstrate that in the absence of supportive diversity management structures and frameworks, social innovation in diversity management at the organizational level could provide a viable response to the emergent needs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
|
47
|
Epton T, Ghio D, Ballard LM, Allen SF, Kassianos AP, Hewitt R, Swainston K, Fynn WI, Rowland V, Westbrook J, Jenkinson E, Morrow A, McGeechan GJ, Stanescu S, Yousuf AA, Sharma N, Begum S, Karasouli E, Scanlan D, Shorter GW, Arden MA, Armitage CJ, O'Connor DB, Kamal A, McBride E, Swanson V, Hart J, Byrne-Davis L, Chater A, Drury J. Interventions to promote physical distancing behaviour during infectious disease pandemics or epidemics: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2022; 303:114946. [PMID: 35605431 PMCID: PMC8957361 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical distancing, defined as keeping 1-2m apart when co-located, can prevent cases of droplet or aerosol transmitted infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV2. During the COVID-19 pandemic, distancing was a recommendation or a requirement in many countries. This systematic review aimed to determine which interventions and behavior change techniques (BCTs) are effective in promoting adherence to distancing and through which potential mechanisms of action (MOAs). METHODS Six databases were searched. The review included studies that were (a) conducted on humans, (b) reported physical distancing interventions, (c) included any comparator (e.g., pre-intervention versus post-intervention; randomized controlled trial), and (d) reported actual distancing or predictors of distancing behavior. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. BCTs and potential MoAs were identified in each intervention. RESULTS Six articles (with seven studies and 19 comparisons) indicated that distancing interventions could successfully change MoAs and behavior. Successful BCTs (MoAs) included feedback on behavior (e.g., motivation); information about health consequences, salience of health consequences (e.g., beliefs about consequences), demonstration (e.g., beliefs about capabilities), and restructuring the physical environment (e.g., environmental context and resources). The most promising interventions were proximity buzzers, directional systems, and posters with loss-framed messages that demonstrated the behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The evidence indicates several BCTs and potential MoAs that should be targeted in interventions and highlights gaps that should be the focus of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Epton
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK,Corresponding author. Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Daniela Ghio
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Sarah F. Allen
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, UK
| | | | | | - Katherine Swainston
- Psychology, Centre for Applied Psychological Science, Teesside University, UK
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Jenkinson
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Sabina Stanescu
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Nisha Sharma
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK
| | - Suhana Begum
- Department of Psychology, City University of London, UK,Surrey County Council, UK
| | | | - Daniel Scanlan
- Research and Communication, Education Support, London, N5 1EW, UK
| | - Gillian W. Shorter
- Centre for Improving Health Related Quality of Life, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Madelynne A. Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
| | - Christopher J. Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, UK,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK,NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Atiya Kamal
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, UK
| | - Emily McBride
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
| | | | - Jo Hart
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK,Division of Medical Education, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Lucie Byrne-Davis
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK,Division of Medical Education, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - John Drury
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wetherall K, Cleare S, McClelland H, Melson AJ, Niedzwiedz CL, O'Carroll RE, O'Connor DB, Platt S, Scowcroft E, Watson B, Zortea T, Ferguson E, Robb KA, O'Connor RC. Mental health and well-being during the second wave of COVID-19: longitudinal analyses of the UK COVID-19 Mental Health and Wellbeing study (UK COVID-MH). BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e103. [PMID: 35642377 PMCID: PMC9171032 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waves 1 to 3 (March 2020 to May 2020) of the UK COVID-19 Mental Health and Wellbeing study suggested an improvement in some indicators of mental health across the first 6 weeks of the UK lockdown; however, suicidal ideation increased. AIMS To report the prevalence of mental health and well-being of adults in the UK from March/April 2020 to February 2021. METHOD Quota sampling was employed at wave 1 (March/April 2020), and online surveys were conducted at seven time points. Primary analyses cover waves 4 (May/June 2020), 5 (July/August 2020), 6 (October 2020) and 7 (February 2021), including a period of increased restrictions in the UK. Mental health indicators were suicidal ideation, self-harm, suicide attempt, depression, anxiety, defeat, entrapment, loneliness and well-being. RESULTS A total of 2691 (87.5% of wave 1) individuals participated in at least one survey between waves 4 and 7. Depressive symptoms and loneliness increased from October 2020 to February 2021. Defeat and entrapment increased from July/August 2020 to October 2020, and remained elevated in February 2021. Well-being decreased from July/August 2020 to October 2020. Anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation did not change. Young adults, women, those who were socially disadvantaged and those with a pre-existing mental health condition reported worse mental health. CONCLUSIONS The mental health and well-being of the UK population deteriorated from July/August 2020 to October 2020 and February 2021, which coincided with the second wave of COVID-19. Suicidal thoughts did not decrease significantly, suggesting a need for continued vigilance as we recover from the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wetherall
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Seonaid Cleare
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Heather McClelland
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Ambrose J. Melson
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Steve Platt
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Tiago Zortea
- Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Rory C. O'Connor
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Batista P, Afonso A, Lopes M, Fonseca C, Oliveira-Silva P, Pereira A, Pinho L. Anxiety and Coping Stress Strategies in Researchers During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:850376. [PMID: 35692345 PMCID: PMC9175237 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.850376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has affected the whole world, leading to changes in one's personal and working life. Researchers have undergone extensive changes in their roles, mainly in the area of health care, with research into the virus now the priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Batista
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Research Centre for Human Development, Human Neurobehavioral Laboratory, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Patrícia Batista
| | - Anabela Afonso
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Center for Research in Mathematics and Applications (CIMA), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora, Portugal
| | - Manuel Lopes
- S. João de Deus School of Nursing, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - César Fonseca
- S. João de Deus School of Nursing, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Oliveira-Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Research Centre for Human Development, Human Neurobehavioral Laboratory, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Pereira
- Education and Psychology Department, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Anabela Pereira
| | - Lara Pinho
- S. João de Deus School of Nursing, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
- Lara Pinho
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Guest editorial: Reshaping work and workplaces: learnings from the pandemic for workplace health management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-06-2022-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|