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Portogallo HJ, Skvarc DR, Shore LA, Toumbourou JW. Consequence of child and adolescent depressive symptom trajectories for adult depressive disorders and symptoms: A systematic review & meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:643-652. [PMID: 39079604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group differences in longitudinal patterns of child and adolescent depressive symptoms are commonly observed. However, the implications for adult mental health are unclear. This study presents a systematic review of child and adolescent depressive symptom trajectory research and meta-analysis of their longitudinal effects on adult depressive symptoms and disorders. METHODS A systematic search identified 12 longitudinal studies (12 cohorts, N = 35,058) that were harmonized to identify common symptom trajectories prior to age 18 years. Examination of follow-up in the same groups was made (at average age 20.5 years) to estimate longitudinal associations with adult depressive symptoms (Sx) and disorders (Dx), using random effects meta-analyses. RESULTS The included studies identified Low (70.3 %), Moderate (17.9 %), High (9.5 %), Increasing (9.5 %) and Decreasing (5.1 %) symptom trajectories. These trajectories were found to predict variation in symptoms and disorders in adulthood: Low, Dx = 4.5 %, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 2.7-6.8 %, Sx [Mean] = 8.33, Standard Deviation [SD] = 6.30; Moderate, Dx = 20.9 %, CI 11.9-31.5 % - Sx = 18.13, SD = 3.38; High, Dx = 34.4 % CI 17.2-54.0 % - Sx = 38.80, SD = 7.75; Increasing, Dx = 38.3 %, CI 12.7-67.5 % - Sx = 24.73, SD = 18.64; Decreasing, Dx = 15.4 %, CI 10.5-20.9 % - Sx = 17.00, SD = 12.18. LIMITATIONS Confidence intervals are wide for some trajectory effects. There was significant between-cohort heterogeneity in predictive effects for High trajectories, suggesting the need for further research to identify characteristics influencing variation. CONCLUSION Low symptom trajectories forecast lower adult depression symptoms and disorders. Programs effectively targeting reductions in Moderate, High, Increasing and Decreasing trajectories will likely prevent problems in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Portogallo
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - D R Skvarc
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - J W Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Leung CY, Kyung M, Weiss SJ. Greater perceived stress and lower cortisol concentration increase the odds of depressive symptoms among adolescents. J Affect Disord 2024; 365:41-48. [PMID: 39142582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression is a major public health concern. Although stress has been linked to more severe depression, its association with mild depression among adolescents is not understood. This study assesses the relationship between perceived stress and cortisol (a physiologic measure of stress) and examines the relationships between these stress measures and depressive symptoms among adolescents 13-19 years of age. METHODS Stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale-10 and through salivary sampling for cortisol four times throughout the day. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to measure depressive symptoms (range 0-27), where ≥5 indicated the threshold for experiencing at least mild depressive symptoms. Spearman coefficients and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between our variables of interest. RESULTS The mean age of the 73 participants in our study was 15.82 years. 49 % of the participants reported depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥ 5). Both higher perceived stress (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, p = 0.022) and lower cortisol (area-under-the curve; AUCG) (OR = 0.99, p = 0.009) were associated with increased odds of having depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Few participants had moderate to severe PHQ-9 depression, therefore our study reported findings on mild depression or greater. CONCLUSIONS Perceived stress and cortisol appear to reflect distinct, independent components of the stress experience. However, both greater perceived stress and less circulating cortisol may indicate difficulties in regulating stress as potential factors underlying depressive symptoms. Future research should focus on the different types of adolescent stressors and the importance of routine screening of stress and depression, including mild depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Y Leung
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Minjung Kyung
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandra J Weiss
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yang J. Childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, borderline personality feature, suicidal risk in adolescents: Direct and indirect associations among developmental trajectories. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1278-1292. [PMID: 38734993 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, and borderline personality traits have all been shown to be linked to suicidal risk. However, there remains a need to illuminate the possible direct and indirect pathways among them from a developmental perspective that could serve as intervention targets. This study thus aimed to investigate the direct and indirect relationships among developmental trajectories of childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, borderline personality feature, and suicidal risk in adolescents. METHODS A total of 1648 Chinese adolescents (48.12% boys; Mage = 13.69; SD = 0.82) in junior middle schools completed self-report measures on three-time points across 1 year. Latent growth curve modeling was used to evaluate the direct and indirect relationships among the developmental trajectories of the aforementioned study variables. RESULTS The developmental trajectories of childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, and borderline personality feature were positively and directly related to the developmental trajectory of suicidal risk; and the developmental trajectories of childhood maltreatment, peer victimization were indirectly related to the developmental trajectory of suicidal risk through the mediating effect of the developmental trajectory of borderline personality feature. CONCLUSIONS The findings elucidated the direct and indirect longitudinal relationships among childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, borderline personality feature, and suicidal risk, highlighting that interventions should target childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, and borderline personality feature to decrease suicidal risk in adolescents with a developmental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Yang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Liwan District Institute for Educational Development Research, Guangzhou, China
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Tsang RSM, Stow D, Kwong ASF, Donnelly NA, Fraser H, Barroso IA, Holmans PA, Owen MJ, Wood ML, van den Bree MBM, Timpson NJ, Khandaker GM. Immunometabolic Blood Biomarkers of Developmental Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms: Findings From the ALSPAC Birth Cohort. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.12.24310330. [PMID: 39040209 PMCID: PMC11261916 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.12.24310330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Studies of longitudinal trends of depressive symptoms in young people could provide insight into aetiologic mechanism, heterogeneity and origin of common cardiometabolic comorbidities for depression. Depression is associated with immunological and metabolic alterations, but immunometabolic characteristics of developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms remain unclear. Using depressive symptoms scores measured on 10 occasions between ages 10 and 25 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n=7302), we identified four distinct trajectories: low-stable (70% of the sample), adolescent-limited (13%), adulthood-onset (10%) and adolescent-persistent (7%). We examined associations of these trajectories with: i) anthropometric, cardiometabolic and psychiatric phenotypes using multivariable regression (n=1709-3410); ii) 67 blood immunological proteins and 57 metabolomic features using empirical Bayes moderated linear models (n=2059 and n=2240 respectively); and iii) 28 blood cell counts and biochemical measures using multivariable regression (n=2256). Relative to the low-stable group, risk of depression and anxiety in adulthood was higher for all other groups, especially in the adolescent-persistent (ORdepression=22.80, 95% CI 15.25-34.37; ORGAD=19.32, 95% CI 12.86-29.22) and adulthood-onset (ORdepression=7.68, 95% CI 5.31-11.17; ORGAD=5.39, 95% CI 3.65-7.94) groups. The three depression-related trajectories vary in their immunometabolic profile, with evidence of little or no alterations in the adolescent-limited group. The adulthood-onset group shows widespread classical immunometabolic changes (e.g., increased immune cell counts and insulin resistance), while the adolescent-persistent group is characterised by higher BMI both in childhood and adulthood with few other immunometabolic changes. These findings point to distinct mechanisms and intervention opportunities for adverse cardiometabolic profile in different groups of young people with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby S M Tsang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniel Stow
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alex S F Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas A Donnelly
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Avon and Wiltshire NHS Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Holly Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Inês A Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Peter A Holmans
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Megan L Wood
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Golam M Khandaker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
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Faura-Garcia J, Calvete E, Orue I. Longitudinal Associations Between Nonsuicidal Self-Injury, Depressive Symptoms, Hopelessness, and Emotional Dysregulation in Adolescents. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:800-814. [PMID: 37498639 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2237075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents has been associated with increased depressive symptomatology, hopelessness, and emotional dysregulation; however, few studies have examined longitudinal associations between NSSI and these problems. This study examines the longitudinal relationships among these variables in community adolescents and whether the pattern of relationships varies between boys and girls. The participants were 785 adolescents (57.1% girls) aged 13 to 18 years (M = 15.64; SD = 1.08) who completed self-reported measures of NSSI, depression, hopelessness, and emotional dysregulation at least once at two moments separated by 1 year. The longitudinal model was tested through structural equation modeling and multiple group analysis. NSSI predicted increased depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and emotional dysregulation; depressive symptoms predicted NSSI; hopelessness predicted depressive symptoms; and emotional dysregulation predicted depressive symptoms and hopelessness. The pattern was similar for girls and boys, although girls scored higher on all variables. The results underscore the important bidirectional associations between NSSI and other risk factors throughout adolescence. These findings will support prevention and interventions for NSSI and internalizing symptoms in adolescents in school and clinical settings.
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Durdurak BB, Williams B, Zhigalov A, Moore A, Mallikarjun P, Wong D, Marwaha S, Morales-Muñoz I. Factors associated with chronic depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood: a UK birth cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2024; 33:e32. [PMID: 38920396 PMCID: PMC11362687 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796024000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Identifying children and/or adolescents who are at highest risk for developing chronic depression is of utmost importance, so that we can develop more effective and targeted interventions to attenuate the risk trajectory of depression. To address this, the objective of this study was to identify young people with persistent depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood and examine the prospective associations between factors and persistent depressive symptoms in young people. METHODS We used data from 6711 participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Depressive symptoms were assessed at 12.5, 13.5, 16, 17.5, 21 and 22 years with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and we further examined the influence of multiple biological, psychological and social factors in explaining chronic depressive symptoms. RESULTS Using latent class growth analysis, we identified four trajectories of depressive symptoms: persistent high, persistent low, persistent moderate and increasing high. After applying several logistic regression models, we found that loneliness and feeling less connected at school were the most relevant factors for chronic course of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute with the identification of those children who are at highest risk for developing chronic depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Durdurak
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - B. Williams
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. Zhigalov
- School of Engineering and Technology, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge Herchel Smith Building for Brain & Mind Sciences, Cambridge, UK
| | - P. Mallikarjun
- Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D. Wong
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S. Marwaha
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Specialist Mood Disorders Clinic, The Barberry Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - I. Morales-Muñoz
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Chen EYJ, Tung EYL. Similarities and Differences in the Longitudinal Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms from Mid-Adolescence to Young Adulthood: the Intersectionality of Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Levels of Depressive Symptoms. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1541-1556. [PMID: 37162740 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding similarities and differences between groups with intersecting social identities provides key information in research and practice to promote well-being. Building on the intersectionality literature indicating significant gender and racial/ethnic differences in depressive symptoms, the present study used quantile regression to systematically present the diversity in the development of depressive symptoms for individuals with intersecting gender, race/ethnicity, and levels of symptoms. METHODS Information from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79: Child and Young Adult study was employed. A detailed picture of depressive symptom trajectories from low to high quantiles was illustrated by depicting 13 quantile-specific trajectories using follow-up data from ages 15 to 40 in six gender-race/ethnicity groups: both genders of Black, Hispanic, and non-Black, non-Hispanic individuals. RESULTS From low to high quantiles, Black and non-Black, non-Hispanic individuals showed mostly curved, and Hispanic individuals showed mostly flat trajectories. Across the six gender-race/ethnicity groups, the trajectories below 0.50 quantiles were similar in levels and shapes from mid-adolescence to young adulthood. The differences between the six gender-race/ethnicity groups widened, indicated by outspreading trajectories, especially at quantiles above 0.50. Furthermore, non-Black, non-Hispanic males and females showed especially fast-increasing patterns at quantiles above 0.75. Among those without or with only a high school degree, Black females and non-Black, non-Hispanic females tended to report similar levels of depressive symptoms higher than other groups at high quantiles. These unique longitudinal trajectory profiles cannot be captured by the mean trajectories. CONCLUSIONS The intersectionality of gender, race/ethnicity, and quantile of symptoms on the development of depressive symptoms was identified. Further studying the mechanism explaining this diversity can help reduce mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Educational Psychology, Foundations, and Leadership Studies, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, 50614, USA.
| | - Eli Yi-Liang Tung
- Department of Analytics and Operations, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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Reynolds A, Paige KJ, Colder CR, Mushquash CJ, Wendt DC, Burack JA, O'Connor RM. Negative Affect and Drinking among Indigenous Youth: Disaggregating Within- and Between-Person Effects. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:865-876. [PMID: 38407776 PMCID: PMC11108953 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Negative affect (depression/anxiety) and alcohol use among Indigenous youth in Canada remain a concern for many communities. Disparate rates of these struggles are understood to be a potential outcome of colonization and subsequent intergenerational trauma experienced by individuals, families, and communities. Using a longitudinal design, we examined change in alcohol use and negative affect, and reciprocal associations, among a group of Indigenous adolescents. Indigenous youth (N = 117; 50% male; Mage=12.46-16.28; grades 6-10) from a remote First Nation in northern Quebec completed annual self-reported assessments on negative affect (depression/anxiety) and alcohol use. A Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals (LCM-SR) was used to distinguish between- and within-person associations of negative affect and alcohol use. Growth models did not support change in depression/anxiety, but reports of drinking increased linearly. At the between-person level, girls reported higher initial levels of depression/anxiety and drinking; depression/anxiety were not associated with drinking. At the within-person level, drinking prospectively predicted increases in depression/anxiety but depression/anxiety did not prospectively predict drinking. When Indigenous adolescents reported drinking more alcohol than usual at one wave of assessment, they reported higher levels of negative affect than expected (given their average levels of depression/anxiety) at the following assessment. Our findings suggest that when Indigenous youth present for treatment reporting alcohol use, they should also be screened for negative affect (depression/anxiety). Conversely, if an Indigenous adolescent presents for treatment reporting negative affect, they should also be screened for alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Katie J Paige
- Department of Psychology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Craig R Colder
- Department of Psychology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Mushquash
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Dilico Anishinabek Family Care, Fort William First Nation, Thunder Bay, Ontorio, Canada
| | - Dennis C Wendt
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacob A Burack
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roisin M O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Corbett BA, Muscatello RA, McGonigle T, Vandekar S, Burroughs C, Sparks S. Trajectory of depressive symptoms over adolescence in autistic and neurotypical youth. Mol Autism 2024; 15:18. [PMID: 38698474 PMCID: PMC11064411 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-024-00600-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence coincides with a dramatic rise in the onset of psychiatric conditions including depression. Depression symptoms may be particularly prevalent and impairing for youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While prior research suggests adolescence is associated with worsening depression symptoms for typically developing (TD) and autistic youth, it is unclear if they follow a similar course. METHOD The study examined the trajectory of depressive symptoms in autistic and neurotypical youth over a 4-year longitudinal study using linear and logistic mixed effects models. In youth with clinically relevant depressive scores (t-score > 65), moderating factors (i.e., diagnosis, age, puberty, sex) were explored. During Year 1, the sample included 244 youth 10-to-13 years: 140 in the ASD group (36 females) and 104 in the TD group (46 females). RESULTS Autistic youth had elevated depression scores compared to TD peers (p < 0.001) and females were higher than males in both groups (p = 0.001). There was significant diagnosis by age (p < 0.001) and diagnosis by pubertal stage (p < 0.05) interactions. In the ASD group, elevated depressive scores presented in early adolescence and decreased during middle adolescence and puberty, whereas the TD group showed the opposite trend with an increase in depression symptoms with advancing development. LIMITATIONS Limitations include an unequal sex distribution (fewer females), non-representative autistic sample (e.g., cognition and race/ethnicity), and potential confound of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Autistic youth present with higher rates of depressive symptoms early in development; yet, approaching middle adolescence and puberty, the symptom trajectory in the autistic youth declines coinciding with an increase in the TD youth. While group trajectories are divergent, they lead to similar levels of depression in late adolescence with higher symptoms in females. Findings suggest a period of quiescence in depressive symptomology influenced by biopsychosocial factors impacting affective profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe A Corbett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Rachael A Muscatello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Trey McGonigle
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Simon Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christina Burroughs
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Sloane Sparks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
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Zhu J, Zhang W, Chen Y, Teicher MH. Joint Trajectories of Depression and Rumination: Experiential Predictors and Risk of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00114-X. [PMID: 38460746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common in adolescence. Rumination is a key risk factor and often co-occurs with depressive symptoms. This is the first study to examine the joint longitudinal trajectories of rumination and depressive symptoms as predictors of NSSI, and the adverse experiences associated with these trajectories. METHOD A community sample of 1,835 adolescents (55.9% male participants, 12.3 ± 0.5 years of age) completed questionnaires to assess adverse childhood experiences, rumination, depressive symptoms, and NSSI. Assessments were made 4 times over 18 months. RESULTS A parallel process growth mixture model showed that youth with high trajectories of rumination but low trajectories of depression had moderately increased odds of NSSI (2.43-fold, 95% CI 1.53-3.91) compared with adolescents with low trajectories of both rumination and depression. Odds ratios (ORs) in adolescents with low trajectories of rumination but increasing or high trajectories of depression were similarly elevated, suggesting that high trajectories of rumination or depression were risk factors in isolation. However, odds were 10.06-fold greater (95% CI 5.68-18.02) when high trajectories of rumination occurred in tandem with high trajectories of depression. Multinomial logistic regression showed that male sex (OR 10.54, 95% CI 5.66-19.63), peer victimization (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.72-2.96), and parental alienation (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.46-2.57) were key determinants of membership in the highest risk group. CONCLUSION Risk for NSSI is markedly increased in adolescents with high longitudinal trajectories of depression and rumination. Reducing exposure to peer victimization, cyber victimization, emotional abuse, parental alienation, and interparental conflict may reduce risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Gimbrone C, Packard SE, Finsaas MC, Sprague NL, Jacobowitz A, Leventhal AM, Rundle AG, Keyes KM. Sex-Specific Depressive Symptom Trajectories Among Adolescents in Los Angeles County, 2013 to 2017. JAACAP OPEN 2024; 2:55-65. [PMID: 38469457 PMCID: PMC10927262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Objective After remaining stable for many years, the prevalence of depression among adolescents increased over the past decade, particularly among girls. In this study, we used longitudinal data from a cohort of high school students to characterize sex-specific trajectories of depressive symptoms during this period of increasing prevalence and widening gender gap in adolescent depression. Method Using data from the Health and Happiness Cohort, a longitudinal 8-wave study of high school students residing in Los Angeles County from 2013 to 2017 (N = 3,393), we conducted a multiple-group, latent class growth analysis by sex to differentiate developmental trajectories in depressive symptoms scores measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies- Depression (CES-D) scale (range, 0-60). Results A 4-class solution provided the best model fit for both girls and boys. Trajectories among girls included low stable (35.1%), mild stable (42.8%), moderate decreasing (16.2%), and high arching (5.9%). Trajectories among boys included low stable (49.2%), mild increasing (34.7%), moderate decreasing (12.2%), and high increasing (3.9%). Average scores consistently exceeded or crossed the threshold for probable depression (≥16). Across comparable sex-specific trajectory groups, the average CES-D scores of girls were higher than those of boys, whose average scores increased over time. Conclusion In a diverse cohort of students in Los Angeles County, depressive symptom trajectories were comparable to prior time periods but with a higher proportion of students in trajectories characterized by probable depression. Trajectories differed by sex, suggesting that future research should consider differential severity and onset of depression between boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gimbrone
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Samuel E Packard
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Megan C Finsaas
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Nadav L Sprague
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Ahuva Jacobowitz
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Ms. Gimbrone, Mr. Packard, Mr. Sprague, Ms. Jacobowitz, Dr. Rundle, and Dr. Keyes are with Columbia the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. Dr. Leventhal is with the Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California. Dr. Finsaas is with the City College of New York
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12
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Davis M, Jones JD, Gallop R, So A, Dysart G, Young JF. Adolescent Depression Symptom Trajectories Detected Via Universal Screening in Pediatric Primary Care. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:183-194. [PMID: 37642920 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Unique trajectories of adolescent depression symptoms have been identified, yet less is known about whether such patterns translate to real-world clinical settings. Because annual adolescent depression screening is becoming more prevalent in primary care, we examined whether longitudinal patterns of depression symptoms documented in the developmental psychopathology literature can also be detected via routine screening in primary care and explored how membership in the identified trajectories varied based on concurrent suicide risk and sociodemographic factors. A total of 1,359 adolescents aged 12-16 years old at the first timepoint were included in the current analyses. These adolescents completed three depression screeners during their well-visits in a large pediatric primary care network between November 15, 2017 and February 1, 2020. Retrospective electronic health record data were extracted, including sociodemographic variables and depression screening results. Dynamic functional time series clustering results indicated the optimal number of clusters was five. The five depression symptom trajectories were: (1) A-Shaped (i.e., relatively low depression symptoms at Time 1, a substantial increase in symptoms at Time 2, and a return to low symptoms at Time 3), (2) Increasing, (3) Low-Stable, (4) High-Decreasing, and (5) Low-Decreasing. Cluster differences in suicide risk largely mapped onto depression symptom levels at each assessment. We found cluster differences based on practice location, insurance type, and adolescent race. The symptom trajectories observed in this study resemble those found in the developmental psychopathology literature, though some key differences were noted. Findings can inform future research and symptom monitoring in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Davis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Implementation Science Center at the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (PISCE@LDI), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jason D Jones
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Gallop
- Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Amy So
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Psychology Department at Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Gillian Dysart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jami F Young
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Lee S, Bernstein R, Ip KI, Olson SL. Developmental cascade models linking contextual risks, parenting, and internalizing symptoms: A 17-year longitudinal study from early childhood to emerging adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:144-160. [PMID: 36453121 PMCID: PMC10232681 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Although internalizing problems are the most common forms of psychological distress among adolescents and young adults, they have precursors in multiple risk domains established during childhood. This study examined cascading risk pathways leading to depression and anxiety symptoms in emerging adulthood by integrating broad contextual (i.e., multiple contextual risks), parental (i.e., negative parenting), and child (i.e., internalizing behaviors) characteristics in early and middle childhood. We also compared common and differential pathways to depression and anxiety symptoms depending on the conceptualization of symptom outcomes (traditional symptom dimension vs. bifactor dimensional model). Participants were 235 children (109 girls) and their families. Data were collected at 3, 6, 10, and 19 years of child age, using multiple informants and contexts. Results from a symptom dimension approach indicated mediation pathways from early childhood risk factors to depression and anxiety symptoms in emerging adulthood, suggesting common and distinct risk processes between the two disorders. Results from a bifactor modeling approach indicated several indirect pathways leading to a general internalizing latent factor, but not to symptom-specific (i.e., depression, anxiety) latent factors. Our findings highlighted comparative analytic approaches to examining transactional processes associated with later internalizing symptoms and shed light on issues of early identification and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rachel Bernstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ka I Ip
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sheryl L Olson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Urbańska-Grosz J, Sitek EJ, Pakalska A, Pietraszczyk-Kędziora B, Skwarska K, Walkiewicz M. Family Functioning, Maternal Depression, and Adolescent Cognitive Flexibility and Its Associations with Adolescent Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:131. [PMID: 38275441 PMCID: PMC10814122 DOI: 10.3390/children11010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores family functioning and its associations with adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD), comparing its dynamics with healthy counterparts. Family functioning (cohesion, flexibility, communication, and satisfaction), maternal depressive symptoms, postpartum depression history, parental divorce, parental alcohol abuse, and the adolescents' cognitive flexibility, are examined. The research incorporates the perspectives of both adolescents and mothers. METHODS The sample includes 63 mother-teenager dyads in the clinical group and 43 in the control group. Instruments encompass the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES IV), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI-2), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), The Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test, and structured interviews. RESULTS Families of adolescents with MDD exhibit lower flexibility, cohesion, communication, and overall satisfaction. Depressed adolescents display reduced cognitive flexibility. Discrepancies were observed between adolescents' and mothers' perspectives as associated with adolescents' MDD. Teenagers emphasized the severity of maternal depressive symptoms, while mothers highlighted the importance of family cohesion and flexibility. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes a holistic strategy in addressing adolescent depression, including family-based assessment and therapy. Screening for maternal depressive symptoms is identified as valuable. Cognitive flexibility also needs to be addressed during therapy for depression in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Urbańska-Grosz
- Rehabilitation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gdansk Health Center, 80-542 Gdansk, Poland; (J.U.-G.); (E.J.S.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropsychology, Neurolinguistics and Neuropsychotherapy, Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emilia J. Sitek
- Rehabilitation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gdansk Health Center, 80-542 Gdansk, Poland; (J.U.-G.); (E.J.S.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropsychology, Neurolinguistics and Neuropsychotherapy, Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Pakalska
- Rehabilitation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gdansk Health Center, 80-542 Gdansk, Poland; (J.U.-G.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Bożena Pietraszczyk-Kędziora
- Rehabilitation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gdansk Health Center, 80-542 Gdansk, Poland; (J.U.-G.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Kalina Skwarska
- Rehabilitation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gdansk Health Center, 80-542 Gdansk, Poland; (J.U.-G.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Maciej Walkiewicz
- Rehabilitation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gdansk Health Center, 80-542 Gdansk, Poland; (J.U.-G.); (E.J.S.)
- Division of Quality of Life Research, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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15
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Kökönyei G, Kovács LN, Szabó J, Urbán R. Emotion Regulation Predicts Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: A Prospective Study. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:142-158. [PMID: 37985558 PMCID: PMC10761508 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation as a proximal factor has been linked with depressive symptoms. However, studies have mainly focused on a limited number of strategies and have mostly been cross-sectional in design. This is particularly evident when examining the protective effects of adaptive strategies. This study aimed to investigate the prospective relationship between putatively adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Additionally, a person-oriented approach was applied to identify latent classes of adolescents based on their depressive symptoms and compared these classes in terms of their adaptive and maladaptive strategies. Two waves of data from a prospective study, which included 1371 youth (mean age: 15.66 years; SD = 0.49 years; 55.1% girls), were analysed. The two points of data collection were spaced approximately half a year apart. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and putatively adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were assessed with the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Seven strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, self-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing) were categorised into adaptive and maladaptive factors using exploratory structural equation modeling. After controlling for gender, age, and depressive symptoms at Time 1, both maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation strategies at Time 1 predicted depressive symptoms at Time 2. Three subgroups emerged based on the intensity of depressive symptoms across the waves: the stable low, stable moderate, and stable high depressive symptom groups. The use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (such as rumination, self-blame, and catastrophizing) at Time 1 was more pronounced in the stable moderate and high symptom groups compared to the stable low depressive symptom group. The comparable prospective associations between putatively adaptive and maladaptive strategies with symptoms suggest the need to identify factors that may mitigate the negative impact of maladaptive emotion regulation and/or promote adaptive emotion regulation to buffer the effects of everyday stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lilla Nóra Kovács
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Szabó
- National Institute of Criminology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Elam KK, Su J, Kutzner J, Trevino A. Individual Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Within Racially-Ethnically Diverse Youth: Associations with Polygenic Risk for Depression and Substance Use Intent and Perceived Harm. Behav Genet 2024; 54:86-100. [PMID: 38097814 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
There are distinct individual trajectories of depressive symptoms across adolescence which are most often differentiated into low, moderate/stable, and high/increasing groups. Research has found genetic predisposition for depression associated with trajectories characterized by greater depressive symptoms. However, the majority of this research has been conducted in White youth. Moreover, a separate literature indicates that trajectories with elevated depressive symptoms can result in substance use. It is critical to identify depressive symptom trajectories, genetic predictors, and substance use outcomes in diverse samples in early adolescence to understand distinct processes and convey equitable benefits from research. Using data from the Adolescent Cognitive Brain Development Study (ABCD), we examined parent-reported depressive symptom trajectories within Black/African American (AA, n = 1783), White/European American (EA, n = 6179), and Hispanic/Latinx (LX, n = 2410) youth across four annual assessments in early adolescence (age 9-10 to 12-13). We examined racially/ethnically aligned polygenic scores (Dep-PGS) as predictors of trajectories as well as substance use intent and perceived substance use harm as outcomes at age 12-13. Differential trajectories were found in AA, EA, and LX youth but low and high trajectories were represented within each group. In EA youth, greater Dep-PGS were broadly associated with membership in trajectories with greater depressive symptoms. Genetic effects were not significant in AA and LX youth. In AA youth, membership in the low trajectory was associated with greater substance use intent. In EA youth, membership in trajectories with higher depressive symptoms was associated with greater substance use intent and less perceived harm. There were no associations between trajectories and substance use intent and perceived harm in LX youth. These findings indicate that there are distinct depressive symptom trajectories in AA, EA, and LX youth, accompanied by unique associations with genetic predisposition for depressive symptoms and substance use outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit K Elam
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th St., Suite 116, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
| | - Jodi Kutzner
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th St., Suite 116, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Angel Trevino
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
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17
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Agnafors S, Sydsjö G, Svedin CG, Bladh M. Symptoms of depression and internalizing problems in early adulthood - associated factors from birth to adolescence. Nord J Psychiatry 2023; 77:799-810. [PMID: 37688331 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2254281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Even though the mechanisms behind the development of depression and internalizing problems remains unknown, many different factors have been shown to increase the risk. Longitudinal studies enable the investigation of exposure during different developmental periods during childhood. This study aims to examine factors associated with depressive and internalizing problems at age 20 in terms of sociodemographic factors, previous mental health problems and stressful life events during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. METHODS A birth cohort of 1723 children were followed to age 20. At the 20-year follow-up, n = 731 (44%) participated. Standardized instruments were filled out at baseline and the 3-,12- and 20-year follow-ups. RESULTS Depressive problems at age 20 were associated with female gender, experience of interpersonal life events reported at age 20, bullying victimization and reports on paternal mental health problems. Participants with depressive problems were also less likely to have experienced adolescence as happy and to report that their father had been a good father. Internalizing problems at age 20 were, in addition, associated with internalizing problems at age 12 and reports on maternal mental health problems. Internalizing problems were associated with a lower likelihood of experiencing adolescence as happy in the final model. CONCLUSION Recent events (i.e. interpersonal life events and bullying) seemed to be the most influential factors on the development of internalizing and depressive problems. Internalizing problems during childhood increased the risk for internalizing problems in early adulthood, emphasizing the importance of early intervention. Fewer factors were found to increase the risk for depressive problems compared to internalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Agnafors
- Division of Children's and Women's health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Research, Södra Älvsborgs Hospital, Borås, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Sydsjö
- Division of Children's and Women's health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carl Göran Svedin
- Department of Social Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Sköndal, Sweden
| | - Marie Bladh
- Division of Children's and Women's health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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18
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Orm S, Wood J, Corbett B, Fjermestad K. Suicidal Risk Behaviors in Adolescents With Rare Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Role of Sex, Autistic Traits, and Mental Health Difficulties. J Pediatr Psychol 2023; 48:852-860. [PMID: 37553221 PMCID: PMC10857814 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autistic traits are associated with mental health difficulties and risk of suicidal risk behaviors among adolescents. Little is known about how autistic traits affect the mental health of adolescents with rare neurodevelopmental disorders (RNDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between autistic traits, mental health difficulties, and suicidal risk behaviors in adolescents with RNDs. METHODS Parents (N = 93) completed the Child Behavior Checklist, Social Communication Questionnaire, and Social Responsiveness Scale about their adolescent (Mage = 13.1, SD = 2.3, 62.4% females) with an RND (e.g., sex chromosome aneuploidies, Fragile X syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome). The data were analyzed with hierarchical logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal risk behaviors (16.1%) was similar to that reported among autistic youth and was higher among boys than girls. More autistic traits were associated with suicidal risk behaviors in bivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, more anxiety/depressive symptoms were associated with more suicidal risk behaviors and externalizing problems associated with suicidal risk behaviors beyond autistic traits and anxiety/depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Adolescents with RNDs are at risk of suicidal risk behaviors, especially those with higher levels of autistic traits, anxiety/depressive symptoms, and externalizing problems. Assessment of autistic traits, mental health difficulties, and suicide risk may be indicated for adolescents with RNDs to determine if corresponding intervention is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Orm
- Division of Mental Health Care, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway
- Frambu Resource Center for Rare Disorders, Norway
| | - Jeffrey Wood
- Department of Education, University of California, USA
| | - Blythe Corbett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Krister Fjermestad
- Frambu Resource Center for Rare Disorders, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
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19
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Weavers B, Riglin L, Martin J, Anney R, Collishaw S, Heron J, Thapar A, Thapar A, Rice F. Characterising depression trajectories in young people at high familial risk of depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 337:66-74. [PMID: 37224886 PMCID: PMC10824668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental depression is a common and potent risk factor for depression in offspring. However, the developmental course of depression from childhood to early-adulthood has not been characterized in this high-risk group. METHODS Using longitudinal data from 337 young people who had a parent with a history of recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD), we characterized trajectories of broadly defined depressive disorder using latent class growth analysis. We used clinical descriptions to further characterise trajectory classes. RESULTS Two trajectory classes were identified: childhood-emerging (25 %) and adulthood-emerging (75 %). The childhood-emerging class showed high rates of depressive disorder from age 12.5, which persisted through the study period. The adulthood-emerging class showed low rates of depressive disorder until age 26. Individual factors (IQ and ADHD symptoms) and parent depression severity (comorbidity, persistence and impairment) differentiated the classes but there were no differences in family history score or polygenic scores associated with psychiatric disorder. Clinical descriptions indicated functional impairment in both classes, but more severe symptomatology and impairment in the childhood-emerging class. LIMITATIONS Attrition particularly affected participation in young adulthood. Factors associated with attrition were low family income, single parent household status and low parental education. CONCLUSIONS The developmental course of depressive disorder in children of depressed parents is variable. When followed up to adult life, most individuals exhibited some functional impairment. An earlier age-of-onset was associated with a more persistent and impairing course of depression. Access to effective prevention strategies is particularly warranted for at-risk young people showing early-onsetting and persistent depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Weavers
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.
| | - Lucy Riglin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Joanna Martin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Richard Anney
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Ajay Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Frances Rice
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
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20
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Panayiotou M, Finning K, Hennessey A, Ford T, Humphrey N. Longitudinal pathways between emotional difficulties and school absenteeism in middle childhood: Evidence from developmental cascades. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1323-1334. [PMID: 34955109 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100122x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Emotional difficulties are associated with both authorized and unauthorized school absence, but there has been little longitudinal research and the temporal nature of these associations remains unclear. This study presents three-wave random-intercepts panel models of longitudinal reciprocal relationships between teacher-reported emotional difficulties and authorized and unauthorized school absence in 2,542 English children aged 6 to 9 years old at baseline, who were followed-up annually. Minor differences in the stability effects were observed between genders but only for the authorized absence model. Across all time points, children with greater emotional difficulties had more absences, and vice versa (authorized: ρ = .23-.29, p < .01; unauthorized: ρ = .28, p < .01). At the within-person level, concurrent associations showed that emotional difficulties were associated with greater authorized (β = .15-.17, p < .01) absence at Time 3 only, but with less unauthorized (β = -.08-.13, p < .05) absence at Times 1 and 2. In cross-lagged pathways, neither authorized nor unauthorized absence predicted later emotional difficulties, and emotional difficulties did not predict later authorized absence at any time point. However, greater emotional difficulties were associated with fewer unauthorized absences across time (β = -13-.22, p < .001). The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neil Humphrey
- University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Education, Manchester, UK
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21
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Hipwell AE, Tung I, Krafty RT, Leong AW, Spada M, Vaccaro H, Homitsky SC, Moses-Kolko E, Keenan K. A lifespan perspective on depression in the postpartum period in a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of young mothers. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4415-4423. [PMID: 35513948 PMCID: PMC9637236 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consistent evidence from retrospective reports and case registry studies indicates that a history of depression is a major risk factor for depression in the peripartum period. However, longitudinal studies with racially and socioeconomically diverse samples of young mothers are lacking, and little is known about developmental patterns of depression across the lifespan that can inform preventive interventions. METHODS Young primiparous mothers (n = 399, 13-25 years, 81% Black) were recruited from a population-based prospective study that began in childhood. Women reported on depression symptoms for at least 3 years prior to their pregnancy, during pregnancy, and at 4 months postpartum. Linear regression models were used to estimate change in pre-pregnancy depression severity and to evaluate associations between patterns of lifetime history and postpartum depression symptoms. RESULTS Results revealed high levels of continuity in depression from pregnancy to postpartum, and across multiple years pre-pregnancy to postpartum. Overall, depression severity leading up to pregnancy decreased over time, but patterns of worsening or improving symptoms were not associated with depression severity in the postpartum period. Instead, area under the pre-pregnancy trajectory curve, representing cumulative lifetime depression burden, was uniquely associated with postpartum depression after adjusting for prenatal depression severity. CONCLUSIONS Depression in the postpartum period should be considered within a lifespan perspective of risk that accumulates before conception. Clinical screening and early interventions are needed in adolescence and young adulthood to prevent the onset and persistence of depressive symptoms that could have long-term implications for peripartum health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Irene Tung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Robert T. Krafty
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Audrey W. Leong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Meredith Spada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hope Vaccaro
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah C. Homitsky
- Women's Behavioral Health, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eydie Moses-Kolko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Puolakanaho A, Muotka JS, Lappalainen R, Lappalainen P, Hirvonen R, Kiuru N. Adolescents' stress and depressive symptoms and their associations with psychological flexibility before educational transition. J Adolesc 2023; 95:990-1004. [PMID: 36960576 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relatively little is known about individual differences in adolescent psychological flexibility and its associations with symptoms of stress and depression. This study examined different profiles of adolescent stress and depressive symptoms and their associations with developing psychological flexibility before the critical educational transition. METHODS The data were derived from a general sample of 740 Finnish ninth-grade adolescents (Mage = 15.7 years, 57% female) who were assessed twice during the final grade of their basic education. The data were analyzed using growth mixture modeling. RESULTS Four profiles of stress and depressive symptoms were identified during a school year: (1) no stress and no depressive symptoms (None; 69%); (2) mild and decreasing stress and depressive symptoms (Decreasing; 15%); (3) low but increasing stress and depressive symptoms (Increasing; 6%); and (4) high and stable levels of stress and depressive symptoms (High; 10%). The adolescents in these profiles differed from each other in their initial levels and changes of psychological flexibility. The initial level of psychological flexibility was highest in the no-symptom profile group. We observed simultaneous change trends in symptoms and psychological flexibility during a school year. When symptoms decreased, psychological flexibility increased, and when symptoms increased, psychological flexibility decreased. CONCLUSIONS A bidirectional pattern of relationships between psychological flexibility and psychological symptoms was found. Despite initially high level of skills in psychological flexibility, some adolescents, unexpectedly, experienced increased symptoms of stress and depression during the school year. The results call for further studies to explore in-depth the developmental diversity in adolescents' well-being and its antecedents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Puolakanaho
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Joona S Muotka
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Raimo Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Päivi Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology and GeroCenter, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Riikka Hirvonen
- School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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23
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Goodfellow C, Willis M, Inchley J, Kharicha K, Leyland AH, Qualter P, Simpson S, Long E. Mental health and loneliness in Scottish schools: A multilevel analysis of data from the health behaviour in school-aged children study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 93:608-625. [PMID: 36683467 PMCID: PMC10952245 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent loneliness and poor mental health represent dual public health concerns. Yet, associations between loneliness and mental health, and critically, how these associations vary in school settings are less understood. AIMS Framed by social-ecological theory, we aimed to identify key predictors of adolescent mental health and examine school-level variation in the relationship between loneliness and mental health. SAMPLE Cross-sectional data on adolescents from the 2018 wave of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC) in Scotland were used (N = 5286). METHODS Mental health was measured as a composite variable containing items assessing nervousness, irritability, sleep difficulties and feeling low. Loneliness was measured via a single item assessing how often adolescents felt 'left out'. Multilevel models were used to identify social-ecological predictors of mental health, associations with loneliness and between-school variation. RESULTS Loneliness, as well as demographic, social and school factors, was found to be associated with mental health. Mental health varied across schools, with the between-school difference greater among adolescents with high levels of loneliness. Additionally, the negative effect of loneliness on mental health was stronger in schools with lower average mental health scores. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that schools can play an important role in shaping adolescent mental health. Our study uniquely identifies that school-based interventions targeting mental health may be especially necessary among lonely adolescents, and programmes aimed at tackling loneliness may be more beneficial in schools with poorer mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Goodfellow
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Malachi Willis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Joanna Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Kalpa Kharicha
- Campaign to End Loneliness part of What Works Centre for WellbeingLondonUK
| | - Alastair H. Leyland
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of EducationUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Sharon Simpson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Emily Long
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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24
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Guzman Holst C, Bowes L, Waite P, Skripkauskaite S, Shum A, Pearcey S, Raw J, Patalay P, Creswell C. Examining Children and adolescent mental health trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a year of the Co-SPACE study. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12153. [PMID: 37753152 PMCID: PMC10519733 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A major concern throughout the COVID-19 pandemic has been on young people's experiences with mental health. In this study we mapped children and adolescents' mental health trajectories over 13 months of the pandemic and examine whether family, peer, and individual-level factors were associated with trajectory membership. Methods This study focuses on a sub-sample from the Co-SPACE study of 3322 children and adolescents (aged 4-16 years) for whom parents completed a survey at Time 0 and at least one follow-up survey between March 2020 and May 2021. We used growth mixture models to examine trajectories in emotional, conduct, and hyperactivity/inattention difficulties using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and multinomial logistic regression models to estimate factors associated with individual trajectory membership. Results The average trend in young people's mental health appeared to follow changes in national guidelines regarding the pandemic. Distinct trends in GMM models highlighting individual differences showed that a 5-trajectory model best explained the changes in emotional problems whilst 4-trajectory models best explained variation in hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems. While most young people followed low stable (62%-85%) or moderate stable (28%) symptom trajectories, 14%-31% experienced very high, high stable or increasing mental health difficulties. Young people following high stable trajectories were more likely to have special educational needs and/or neurodevelopmental disorders, parents reporting higher levels of distress and parent-child conflict, and were less likely to have at least one close friend. Conclusions Most young people adapted well and experienced low stable symptoms, but nearly one third experienced high stable or increasing mental health difficulties. Young people with complex needs and parents with higher psychological distress were particularly vulnerable to high stable problems while those with positive peer relationships were less vulnerable. This study offers insight into potential factors that can be addressed using targeted interventions to improve the wellbeing of parents and young people in the event of future lockdowns and school closures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Bowes
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Polly Waite
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Simona Skripkauskaite
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Adrienne Shum
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Samantha Pearcey
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jasmine Raw
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and AgeingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Cathy Creswell
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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25
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Fernandes MDSV, Mendonça CR, da Silva TMV, Noll PRES, de Abreu LC, Noll M. Relationship between depression and quality of life among students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6715. [PMID: 37185375 PMCID: PMC10126541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this systematic review were to estimate the prevalence of depression and to identify the relationship between depression and quality of life (QOL) among high school and university students. Literature search was performed in the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Scielo, CINAHL and Web of Science databases, following the PRISMA methodology. The results were presented through descriptive approaches and meta-analysis. Thirty-six studies met the eligibility criteria, and twenty-six were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27% (95% CI 0.21-0.33) among students, being high school and university students was 25% (95% CI 0.14-0.37) and 27% (95% CI 0.20-0.34), respectively, and most studies have shown that depression was associated with low QOL. Among the limitations of the study is the difficulty of generalizing the results found, considering the large sample of health students. New studies should be conducted considering the severity, duration, and patterns of depressive symptoms in high school and university students, to better understand the relationship between depression and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele da Silva Valadão Fernandes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, GO-154, Km 03, Ceres, Goiás, 76300-000, Brazil.
- Rede Estadual e Municipal de Educação de São Luís de Montes Belos, Ceres, Goiás, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Priscilla Rayanne E Silva Noll
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, GO-154, Km 03, Ceres, Goiás, 76300-000, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Matias Noll
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, GO-154, Km 03, Ceres, Goiás, 76300-000, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
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26
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Brooks M, Burmen B, Olashore A, Gezmu AM, Molebatsi K, Tshume O, Phoi O, Morales K, Matshaba M, Benton T, Lowenthal ED. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and thoughts of suicide/self-injury in adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Botswana. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH : AJAR 2023; 22:54-62. [PMID: 37116112 PMCID: PMC10787227 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2023.2186252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Globally, mental health problems have been reported to be more common in youth living with HIV (YLWH) than in the general population, but routine mental health screening is rarely done in high-volume HIV clinics. In 2019, YLWH in a large HIV clinic in Botswana were screened using the Generalized Anxiety Scale-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in a pilot standard-of-care screening programme. Two-way ANOVA was used to describe the effects of age group (12-<16, 16-<20 and 20-25 years old) and sex on GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores. Chi-square statistics were used to compare characteristics of YLWH with and without potential suicidality/self-harm symptoms based on question 9 in the PHQ-9. Among 1 469 YLWH, 33.1%, 44.3% and 15.0% had anxiety, depression and potential suicidality/self-harm symptoms respectively. YLWH of 20-25 years old and 16-<20 years old had higher GAD-7 scores compared to 12-<16-year-olds (p = 0.014 and p = <0.001 respectively). Female YLWH of 20-25 years old had higher PHQ-9 scores compared to 12-<16-year-olds (p = 0.002). There were no other sex-age dynamics that were statistically significant. Female YLWH endorsed more thoughts of suicidality/self-harm than males (17% versus 13%, p = 0.03 respectively). Given the proportion of YLWH with mental health symptoms, Botswana should enhance investments in mental health services for YLWH, especially for young female adults who bear a disproportionate burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrian Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, Craig Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Anthony Olashore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | | | - Ontibile Tshume
- Botswana Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Onkemetse Phoi
- Botswana Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Knashawn Morales
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mogomotsi Matshaba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Retrovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Tami Benton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Lowenthal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
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27
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Ho YC, Chiou HY, Molloy L, Lin KC, Chang PC, Chang HJ. Identifying differential trajectories and predictors for depressive symptoms in adolescents using latent class growth analysis: A population-based cohort study. J Adolesc 2023. [PMID: 36946618 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the differential trajectories and relevant determinants of depressive symptoms in adolescents by following cohorts that included junior, senior, and vocational high school adolescents, over a 3-year period in Taiwan. METHODS Longitudinal data were obtained from 575 adolescents who participated in the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Study. Data analysis included latent class growth with time-varying covariate, univariate, and multivariate analysis. RESULTS A three-class ("low but increasing trajectory," "moderate and stable trajectory," and "high but decreasing trajectory") model fit the data of the cohort. Our findings indicated that 29%, 38%, and 33% of the adolescents were in the low but increasing, moderate and stable, and high but decreasing trajectories, respectively. After confounders were controlled for, bullying experiences were identified as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. The protective factors against depressive symptoms included resilience and peer and social support. CONCLUSIONS The transitions between different educational stages critically influence the depressive symptoms of adolescents, and the adolescents follow different depressive trajectories, that have different etiology. Therefore, identifying adolescents at high risk for depression and designing student-centered intervention programs through individualized and multidimensional assessment of depressive symptoms are crucial for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chung Ho
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Luke Molloy
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kuan-Chia Lin
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Community Medicine Research Center, Preventive Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pi-Chen Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Ju Chang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Efficient Smart Care Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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28
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Brendgen M, Zheng Y, Vitaro F, Dionne G, Boivin M. Gene-Environment Interplay Linking Peer Victimization With Adolescents' Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:261-271. [PMID: 36007818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined to what extent genetic and environmental factors explain-either additively or interactively with peer victimization-different trajectories of adolescents' depressive symptoms and whether genetic factors related to distinct trajectories are correlated with peer victimization. METHOD Participants included 902 twins (52% girls) who self-reported peer victimization and depressive symptoms in grades 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11. RESULTS Growth mixture modeling revealed 3 trajectories of depressive symptoms: low (69.2% of participants), increasing (19.5%), and high-decreasing-increasing (11.3%). Biometric modeling showed that, for both sexes, genetic factors explained roughly half (52.6%, 47.5%) of the probability of following either a low or an increasing trajectory. Genetic influences (41%) were also observed for the high-decreasing-increasing trajectory, albeit only for girls. Nonshared environmental influences explained the remaining variances, along with shared environmental influences (27%) on the high-decreasing-increasing trajectory. Only for the low and the increasing trajectories, nonshared environmental influences increased with more frequent peer victimization (blow = 0.206, 95% CI [0.094, 0.325]; bincreasing = 0.246, 95% CI [0.143, 0.356]). Moreover, peer victimization was associated with a lower probability of a low trajectory and a higher probability of an increasing or high-decreasing-increasing trajectory, and these associations were mostly explained by common underlying genetic factors. CONCLUSION Youth expressing (partly inherited) depressive symptoms may be at risk of peer victimization. However, increasing depressive symptoms in victims may be mitigated by other environmental factors except for those who enter adolescence with already high levels of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Brendgen
- Université du Québec à Montréal and the Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Yao Zheng
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Université de Montréal and the Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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29
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Smout S, Gardner LA, Newton N, Champion KE. Dose-response associations between modifiable lifestyle behaviours and anxiety, depression and psychological distress symptoms in early adolescence. Aust N Z J Public Health 2023; 47:100010. [PMID: 36645951 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2022.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between key modifiable lifestyle behaviours (sleep; physical activity; fruit, vegetable and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; screen time; alcohol use and tobacco use) and mental health among early adolescents in Australia. METHODS Cross-sectional self-report data from 6,640 Year 7 students (Mage:12.7[0.5]; 50.6% male, 48.9% female, 0.5% non-binary) from 71 schools in New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia were analysed using multivariate linear regression adjusting for sociodemographic factors and school-level clustering. RESULTS All examined behaviours were associated with anxiety, depression and psychological distress (p≤0.001), with the lowest mental health symptom scores observed in participants who slept 9.5-10.5 hours per night; consumed three serves of fruit daily; consumed two serves of vegetables daily; never or rarely drank sugar-sweetened beverages; engaged in six days of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week; kept daily recreational screen time to 31-60 minutes; had not consumed a full standard alcoholic drink (past six months); or smoked a cigarette (past six months). CONCLUSIONS Targeting modifiable risk behaviours offers promising prevention potential to improve adolescent mental health; however, further longitudinal research to determine directionality and behavioural interactions is needed. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH While Australian Dietary, Movement and Alcohol Guidelines target physical health, findings indicate similar behaviour thresholds may offer mental health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Smout
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Lauren A Gardner
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina E Champion
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Bakken NR, Hannigan LJ, Shadrin A, Hindley G, Ask H, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Tesli M, Andreassen OA, Havdahl A. Childhood temperamental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics associated with mood and anxiety disorders in adolescence: A prospective study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023; 147:217-228. [PMID: 36398468 PMCID: PMC10099752 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood and anxiety disorders account for a large share of the global burden of disability. Some studies suggest that early signs may emerge already in childhood. However, there is a lack of well-powered, prospective studies investigating how and when childhood mental traits and trajectories relate to adolescent mood and anxiety disorders. METHODS We here examine cross-sectional and longitudinal association between maternally reported temperamental traits, emotional and behavioral problems in childhood (0.5-8 years) and clinical diagnosis of mood or anxiety ("emotional") disorders in adolescence (10-18 years), using the prospective Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) of 110,367 children. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses showed consistent and increasing associations between childhood negative emotionality, behavioral and emotional problems and adolescent diagnosis of emotional disorders, present from 6 months of age (negative emotionality). Latent profile analysis incorporating latent growth models identified five developmental profiles of emotional and behavioral problems. A profile of early increasing behavioral and emotional problems with combined symptoms at 8 years (1.3% of sample) was the profile most strongly associated with emotional disorders in adolescence (OR vs. reference: 5.00, 95% CI: 3.70-6.30). CONCLUSIONS We found a consistent and increasing association between negative emotionality, behavioral and emotional problems in early to middle childhood and mood and anxiety disorders in adolescence. A developmental profile coherent with early and increasing disruptive mood dysregulation across childhood was the profile strongest associated with adolescent emotional disorders. Our results highlight the importance of early emotional dysregulation and childhood as a formative period in the development of adolescent mood and anxiety disorders, supporting potential for prevention and early intervention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora R Bakken
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurie J Hannigan
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy Hindley
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helga Ask
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Kallas KA, Marr K, Moirangthem S, Heude B, Koehl M, van der Waerden J, Downes N. Maternal Mental Health Care Matters: The Impact of Prenatal Depressive and Anxious Symptoms on Child Emotional and Behavioural Trajectories in the French EDEN Cohort. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031120. [PMID: 36769767 PMCID: PMC9917852 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated longitudinal trajectories of child socioemotional and behavioural development in relation to maternal prenatal mental health exposure or taken into consideration of the potential buffering effects of psychological intervention during pregnancy. Using data from 1135 mother-child dyads from the EDEN cohort from the general French population, Group-based trajectory modelling was used to model trajectories of behavioural and emotional characteristics measured at four timepoints via a parent-administered Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Using propensity scores and inverse probability weighting to account for confounding factors, multinomial logistic regressions were used to quantify the associations with maternal symptoms of prenatal depression and anxiety. Stratified analyses were conducted by reporting psychologist and psychiatrist consultations during pregnancy. Compared to those without psychological problems, children of mothers with comorbid anxiety and depression retained a higher probability of following high and intermediate trajectories of emotional problems and a high trajectory of conduct problems throughout childhood. This increased risk was not present in the children of mothers who sought support through a prenatal psychologist or psychiatrist consultation. This article adds to a body of evidence underlining the importance of mental health care for expecting mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri-Ann Kallas
- Social Epidemiology Research Team, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Ketevan Marr
- Social Epidemiology Research Team, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Simi Moirangthem
- Social Epidemiology Research Team, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Orchad Team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center, INSERM UMR1153, INRAE, Université de Paris, 75001 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Koehl
- Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology Group, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Social Epidemiology Research Team, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Naomi Downes
- Social Epidemiology Research Team, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
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Xu X, Huebner ES, Tian L. Mother-child cohesion, friendship quality, and depressive symptoms in children: Direct and indirect associations between developmental trajectories. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:413-420. [PMID: 36202299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mother-child cohesion and friendship quality have been shown to be protective factors against the development of children's depressive symptoms. However, the possible direct and indirect pathways from these two important interpersonal relationships to children's depressive symptoms need to be further elucidated. Moreover, these associations have not been examined from a developmental perspective. Therefore, this study examined the direct and indirect relations among developmental trajectories of mother-child cohesion, friendship quality, and depressive symptoms in children. METHODS A total of 4078 Chinese children (45.2 % girls, Mage = 9.90 years, SD = 0.73) participated in assessments at five time points across 2.5 years, employing six-month intervals. Latent growth curve modeling was conducted to examine the direct and indirect relations among the developmental trajectories of mother-child cohesion, friendship quality, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The developmental trajectories of both mother-child cohesion and friendship quality were negatively and directly associated with the developmental trajectory of children's depressive symptoms. The developmental trajectory of friendship quality was indirectly associated with the developmental trajectory of depressive symptoms through the mediating role of mother-child cohesion. LIMITATIONS This study did not investigate father-child cohesion and other important psychological mechanisms linking interpersonal relationships to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The findings documented the direct and indirect relations among mother-child cohesion, friendship quality, and depressive symptoms from a developmental perspective, which suggested that prevention and intervention efforts target improving mother-child cohesion and friendship quality to reduce children's depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xu
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Lili Tian
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
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Brittain H, Vaillancourt T. Longitudinal associations between academic achievement and depressive symptoms in adolescence: Methodological considerations and analytical approaches for identifying temporal priority. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:327-355. [PMID: 37080673 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Failure to meet educational expectations in adolescence can derail an individual's potential, leading to hardship in adulthood. Lower academic achievement is also associated with poorer mental health, and both share common pathways to adult functional outcomes like employment status and economic security. Although linked in adolescence, and predictive of similar outcomes in adulthood, methodological and analytical limitations of the literature do not permit the assessment of the temporal priority between academic achievement and mental health. This omission of directionality hampers intervention and prevention efforts. In this narrative review, we summarize the literature on the temporal ordering between academic achievement and depressive symptoms in adolescence, a particularly vulnerable developmental period. We propose methodological and analytical strategies to guide future research to disentangle the chronological ordering between academic achievement and depressive symptoms-recommendations that can be used to examine other sets of correlated variables over time. Specifically, we highlight methodological issues that require attention such as the need to understand reciprocal and cascading influences over time by attending to repeated measures and timing, measurement consistency, reporter effects, examination of processes and mechanisms, and missing data. Finally, we discuss the need to embrace analytical methods that separate within-person from between-person effects; account for heterogeneity in associations using person-centered approaches; and use the two approaches as complementary, rather than competing, for a more holistic examination of temporality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Brittain
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Wang D, Chen XY, Ma Z, Liu X, Fan F. Has the "Double Reduction" policy relieved stress? A follow-up study on Chinese adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:91. [PMID: 36443852 PMCID: PMC9707210 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE "Double Reduction" Policy requires schools to reduce the burden of excessive homework and off-campus training for Chinese students to reduce their academic stress and promote mental health. We conducted a study in compulsory education students before and after the "Double Reduction" Policy to explore changes in mental health problems and relevant influential factors. METHODS A total of 28,398 elementary and junior high school students completed both waves of the survey through electronic questionnaires. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Heath Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GDA-7). Demographic information was evaluated at baseline, and "Double Reduction" related factors and negative life events were measured at follow up. RESULTS The overall depression and anxiety levels significantly decreased after the "Double Reduction" Policy. Girls, poor parental marital quality, chronic physical illness, and psychiatric family history were related to increased occurrence of mental health. Sleep duration > 8 h/night, reduced homework, more extracurricular activities more time with parents, and reduced academic stress were protective factors against mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS The "Double Reduction" Policy has improved the mental health symptoms of students to a certain extent. Appropriately increasing sleep time, participating in more extracurricular activities and parental involvement, and reducing the burden of homework are effective ways to promote the development of students' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Shipai Road, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Shipai Road, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Shipai Road, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Fang Fan
- Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Shipai Road, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Reck A, Seaton E, Oshri A, Kogan S. Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among Black American Adolescents: Sociocultural, Racism and Familial Predictors. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36383042 PMCID: PMC10185710 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2140432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of depressive symptoms often increases in adolescence, and for Black American youth, can result in disproportionately long-lasting and deleterious outcomes. Despite the epidemiological trend, scant research has examined the longitudinal development of heterogeneous patterns of depressive symptoms among Black American youth. Moreover, less is known on the impact of contextual covariates on depressive symptom trajectories among Black American youth. The investigation into within-group differences of depressive symptoms is crucial for culturally informed interventions. METHODS The sample consisted of 472 Black American youth and their primary caregivers from eight counties in Georgia who provided data at five time points (i.e., youth ages 11 to 15). Hypotheses were tested with latent class growth analysis to investigate multiple trajectories of depressive symptoms, and examine sociocultural and familial covariates of trajectory group, including caregiver depressive symptoms, involved vigilant parenting, racial discrimination experiences, Black pride, and internalized racism. RESULTS Four-classes of depressive symptoms were identified including stable low (58.4%); high start, decreasing (20%); later onset (13%); and high and increasing (8.5%). Family and race-related predictors differentiated youth's depressive symptom trajectories class and identified warning signs for high-symptomology trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide novel insights into developmental patterns of depressive symptoms and the role of contextual and sociocultural factors within a sample of Black American youth. Implications include treatment and prevention recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Reck
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia
| | - Eleanor Seaton
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia
| | - Steven Kogan
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia
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Carroll R, Bice AA, Roberto A, Prentice CR. Examining Mental Health Disorders in Overweight and Obese Pediatric Patients. J Pediatr Health Care 2022; 36:507-519. [PMID: 35760667 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the frequency and variation in three mental health diagnoses among obese or overweight children and adolescents. METHOD Logistic regression was used to examine the association between the outcome variables-anxiety, depression, and adjustment disorders-with the following covariates: overweight/obesity status, sex, age, and race. RESULTS Findings show anxiety, depressive, and adjustment disorder diagnoses were significantly higher for overweight or obese youth in our sample. In addition, diagnosis rates for one or more of these disorders increase as children grow into adolescence. Furthermore, we found significantly higher rates of depression and significantly lower rates of anxiety among youth who live in places with higher rates of poverty. DISCUSSION Findings indicate a target age for providers to focus on mental health screening among overweight/obese patients: (1) early adolescence (aged 11-14 years) for depressive and adjustment disorders and (2) early childhood (aged 2-4 years) for anxiety disorder.
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Zhang J, Lin G, Cai Q, Hu Q, Xu Y, Guo Z, Hong D, Huang Y, Lv Y, Chen J, Jiang S. The role of family and peer factors in the development of early adolescent depressive symptoms: A latent class growth analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:914055. [PMID: 36186869 PMCID: PMC9520917 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.914055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have explored the trajectories of Chinese early adolescent depressive symptoms or comprehensively considered the factors of family and peers. The present study aimed to identify the trajectories of depressive symptoms in early adolescence using a school-based sample assessed in three waves. The study also examined whether family and peer factors were significant predictors. A total of 586 Chinese primary and middle school students participated in the survey. A growth mixture model was used to find the trajectories of depressive symptoms, and multinominal logistic regression was used to identify the predictors. Three trajectories were identified, including a stable-low class, an increasing class, and a high-decreasing class. Results indicated that gender, parental psychological aggression and neglect, parental psychological control, traditional bullying/cyberbullying victimization, and friendship quality were significant predictors. However, witnessing intimate partner violence, parental behavior control, and traditional bullying/cyberbullying perpetration could not significantly predict the trajectories. The findings of this study can provide an empirical basis for teachers and clinical interveners to determine different development trajectories of depressive symptoms and carry out prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Lin
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaole Cai
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Foreign Languages, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Guo
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Defan Hong
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijun Lv
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Planning and Development Decision Institute (Higher Education Research Institute), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suo Jiang
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Applied Psychology in School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Felton JW, Shadur JM, Havewala M, Cassidy J, Lejuez CW, Chronis-Tuscano A. Specific Pathways from Parental Distress Reactions to Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Youths' Reactions to Negative Life Events. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022; 44:750-762. [PMID: 36189339 PMCID: PMC9523721 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The current multimethod longitudinal study examines how parents' distress reactions to adolescents' negative emotions may shape youths' own perceptions of negative life events and subsequent increases in depressive symptomology. Ninety adolescents (41 girls, 49 boys, average age = 16.5 years old) and their parents were assessed over three timepoints. We found that greater parent-reported distress reactions to adolescents' emotions predicted subsequent increase in youths' own self-reported negative reactions to stressful experiences over a two-week period, which in turn predicted steeper increases in youth-reported depressive symptoms across this same two-week period. Moreover, youths' negative reactions mediated the relation between parent emotion socialization and increases in adolescent depressive symptoms. These findings support the use of interventions that simultaneously target parent and child distress to prevent the onset of adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia W. Felton
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Julia M. Shadur
- School of Integrative Studies (Childhood Studies) and Human Development & Family Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Mazneen Havewala
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jude Cassidy
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Carl W. Lejuez
- Office of the Provost and Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Adolescent Mental Health and Family Economic Hardships: The Roles of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Family Conflict. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:2294-2311. [PMID: 35997913 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Rising and economically disproportionate rates of adverse mental health outcomes among children and youth warrant research investigating the complex pathways stemming from socioeconomic status. While adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been considered a possible mechanism linking socioeconomic status (SES) and child and youth psychopathology in previous studies, less is understood about how family environments might condition these pathways. Using data from a longitudinal, multiple-wave study, the present study addresses this gap by examining the direct relationships between family economic status and youth internalizing and externalizing symptoms, if ACEs mediate these relationships, and if conflictual family environments moderate these direct and indirect relationships. The data were obtained from 5510 youth participants [mean age at baseline = 9.52 (SD = 0.50), 47.7% female, 2.1% Asian, 10.3% Black, 17.6% Hispanic, 9.8% Multiracial/Multiethnic, 60.2% White] and their caretakers from the baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow up waves. Conditional process analysis assessed the direct, indirect, and moderated relationships in separate, equivalent models based on youth- versus caregiver-raters of ACEs and youth psychopathology to capture potential differences based on the rater. The results of both the youth- and caregiver-rated models indicated that lower family economic status directly predicted higher levels of externalizing symptoms, and ACEs indirectly accounted for higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Additionally, family conflict moderated some, but not all, of these relationships. The study's findings highlight that lower family economic status and ACEs, directly and indirectly, contribute to early adolescent psychopathology, and conflictual family environments can further intensify these relationships. Implementing empirically supported policies and interventions that target ACEs and family environments may disrupt deleterious pathways between SES and youth psychopathology.
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Xiang Q, Chen K, Peng L, Luo J, Jiang J, Chen Y, Lan L, Song H, Zhou X. Prediction of the trajectories of depressive symptoms among children in the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study using machine learning approach. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:162-171. [PMID: 35545159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression often first emerges during adolescence and evidence shows that the long-term patterns of depressive symptoms over time are heterogeneous. It is meaningful to predict the trajectory of depressive symptoms in adolescents to find early intervention targets. METHODS Based on the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, we included 4962 participants aged 9-10 who were followed-up for 2 years. Trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified by Latent Class Growth Analyses (LCGA). Four types of machine learning models were built to predict the identified trajectories and to obtain variables with predictive value based on the best performance model. RESULTS Of all participants, 536 (10.80%) were classified as increasing, 269 (5.42%) as persistently high, 433 (8.73%) as decreasing, and 3724 (75.05%) as persistently low by LCGA. Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model got the highest discriminant performance. Sleep quality, parental emotional state and family financial adversities were the most important predictors and three resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity data were also helpful to distinguish trajectories. LIMITATION We only have depressive symptom scores at three time points. Some valuable predictors are not specific to depression. External validation is an important next step. These predictors should not be interpreted as etiology and some variables were reported by parents/caregivers. CONCLUSION Using GBM combined with baseline characteristics, the trajectories of depressive symptoms with two years among adolescents aged 9-10 years can be well predicted, which might further facilitate the identification of adolescents at high risk of depressive symptoms and development of effective early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Xiang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawei Luo
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Lan
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Song
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Noyes BK, Munoz DP, Khalid-Khan S, Brietzke E, Booij L. Is subthreshold depression in adolescence clinically relevant? J Affect Disord 2022; 309:123-130. [PMID: 35429521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subthreshold depression is highly prevalent in adolescence, but compared to major depressive disorder, the clinical impact is under-researched. The aim of this review was to compare subthreshold depression and major depressive disorder in adolescents by reviewing available literature on epidemiology, risk factors, illness trajectories, brain anatomy and function, genetics, and treatment response. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of papers on subthreshold depression and major depressive disorder in adolescence published in English. Studies in adults were included when research in adolescence was not available. RESULTS We found that individuals with subthreshold depression were similar to individuals with major depressive disorder in several regards, including female/male ratio, onset, functional impairment, comorbidity, health care utilization, suicidal ideation, genetic predisposition, brain alterations, and treatment response. Further, subthreshold depression was about two times more common than major depressive disorder. LIMITATIONS The definition of subthreshold depression is highly variable across studies. Adolescent-specific data are limited in the areas of neurobiology and treatment. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current review support the idea that subthreshold depression is of clinical importance and provide evidence for a spectrum, versus categorical model, for depressive symptomatology. Given the frequency of subthreshold depression escalating to major depressive disorder, a greater recognition and awareness of the significance of subthreshold depression in research, clinical practice and policy-making may facilitate the development and application of early prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake K Noyes
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Sarosh Khalid-Khan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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Pelham WE, Tapert SF, Gonzalez MR, Guillaume M, Dick AS, Sheth CS, Baker FC, Baskin-Sommers A, Marshall AT, Lisdahl KM, Breslin FJ, Van Rinsveld A, Brown SA. Parental Knowledge/Monitoring and Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence: Protective Factor or Spurious Association? Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:919-931. [PMID: 35061153 PMCID: PMC8777180 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parental knowledge/monitoring is negatively associated with adolescents' depressive symptoms, suggesting monitoring could be a target for prevention and treatment. However, no study has rigorously addressed the possibility that this association is spurious, leaving the clinical and etiological implications unclear. The goal of this study was to conduct a more rigorous test of whether knowledge/monitoring is causally related to depressive symptoms. 7940 youth (ages 10.5-15.6 years, 49% female) at 21 sites across the U.S. completed measures of parental knowledge/monitoring and their own depressive symptoms at four waves 11-22 weeks apart during the COVID-19 pandemic. First, monitoring and depression were examined in standard, between-family regression models. Second, within-family changes in monitoring and depression between assessments were examined in first differenced regressions. Because the latter models control for stable, between-family differences, they comprise a stronger test of a causal relation. In standard, between-family models, parental monitoring and youths' depressive symptoms were negatively associated (standardized [Formula: see text]= -0.22, 95% CI = [-0.25, -0.20], p < 0.001). In first-differenced, within-family models, the association shrunk by about 55% (standardized [Formula: see text]= -0.10, 95% CI = [-0.12, -0.08], p < 0.001). The magnitude of within-family association remained similar when adjusting for potential time-varying confounders and did not vary significantly by youth sex, age, or history of depressive disorder. Thus, in this community-based sample, much of the prima facie association between parental knowledge/monitoring and youths' depressive symptoms was driven by confounding variables rather than a causal process. Given the evidence to date, a clinical focus on increasing parental knowledge/monitoring should not be expected to produce meaningfully large improvements in youths' depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Pelham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marybel R Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mathieu Guillaume
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Anthony Steven Dick
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Chandni S Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Andrew T Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Florence J Breslin
- National Center for Wellness & Recovery, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | | | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Arenas E, Teruel G, Gaitán-Rossi P. Time and gender measurement invariance in the modified Calderon depression scale. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2022; 20:100. [PMID: 35752851 PMCID: PMC9233789 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-022-02007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessing change and comparing groups requires high quality and invariant scales. However, there is limited evidence of simultaneous longitudinal and gender measurement invariance for depression scales. This evidence is even more scant with long-established panel studies from low and middle-income countries. Methods In this paper, we used three waves (years 2002, 2005, and 2009) of a nationally representative panel study to examine the psychometric properties of the modified Calderon Depression Scale (CAL-DM)—a one-item exclusion of a depression scale designed for a population residing in a middle-income country (i.e., Mexico). Our analytical sample included 16,868 participants: 7,696 men and 9,172 women. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), we first examined overall fit in each wave, and then we tested time, gender, and time-gender measurement invariance across three waves. We also estimated and compared depression score means by gender and time. Finally, we examined the association between depression scores and self-rated health. Results Our analyses indicated the CAL-DM is a robust scale, suitable for time, gender, and time by gender comparisons. Mean comparisons exemplified how the scale can be used as a latent variable or a summative score. Women have higher depression scores than men and the gap is narrowing from 3.4 in 2002 to 2.5 in 2009. Conclusions The CAL-DM is a reliable instrument to measure depression in the Mexican general population that can be used for epidemiological research. Our results will contribute to a burgeoning line of research that examines the social determinants of depression, and the risk factors associated with different individuals’ depression trajectories over the life course. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12955-022-02007-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Arenas
- Department of Sociology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Graciela Teruel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Para El Desarrollo Con Equidad (EQUIDE), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Gaitán-Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Para El Desarrollo Con Equidad (EQUIDE), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Developmental Trajectory of Depressive Symptoms in Chinese College Students: Latent Classes and Gender Effect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063508. [PMID: 35329200 PMCID: PMC8954229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are prevalent in Chinese college students, but little is known about the heterogeneity in the developmental trajectory of depressive symptoms in China. This study examined heterogeneity in the development of depressive symptoms and examined the effect of gender on the developmental trajectories over a 14-month period among Chinese college students (N = 1163, mean age 20.18, 80.31% female). Three different trajectories, moderate-increasing, high-stable and low-stable, captured the heterogeneity in the development of depressive symptoms. Gender showed significant influence on class membership. Relative to the moderate-increasing class, males emerged as significantly more likely than females to be found in the low-stable class (odds ratio (OR) = 2.73, 95% CI = (1.21, 6.13), p = 0.015) and the high-stable class (OR = 5.10, 95% CI = (1.12, 23.18), p = 0.035). The results provide additional evidence for the conclusion that the trajectories of depressive symptoms are heterogeneous with Chinese samples. Moreover, cultural difference should be paid more attention to when examining the effect of gender and other predictors of the trajectories of depressive symptoms.
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Wu Q, Zhao J, Zhao G, Li X, Du H, Chi P. Long-Term Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among Children Affected by Parental HIV: A 12-Year Follow-Up Study. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:2713-2722. [PMID: 35165794 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the trajectories of depressive symptoms over 12 years spanning from childhood to emerging adulthood and the between-trajectory differences in psychosocial adjustment among Chinese children (N = 492, 52.8% boys, aged 6 to 18 years at baseline) affected by parental HIV. Rebounding (12.6%), resilient (64.8%), and improving (22.6%) trajectories were identified. Individuals in the rebounding trajectory reported the highest levels of psychological distress and the lowest levels of subjective well-being, positive self-regard, and personal strengths in adulthood. Individuals in the resilient trajectory reported lower levels of psychological distress and negative affect than those in the improving trajectory. The findings support the development of programs by policymakers and practitioners to improve the psychosocial adjustment of children who have been affected by parental HIV while considering individual differences in the trajectories of depressive symptoms.
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Kohlhoff J, Cibralic S, Hawes D, Eapen V. Oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms and social, emotional and behavioral functioning in children and adolescents: a systematic narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104573. [PMID: 35149102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed available evidence regarding associations between polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and socio-emotional and behavioral functioning in children and adolescents. The search yielded 69 articles, which were grouped into nine categories: depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms, alcohol abuse, borderline personality disorder, conduct disorder symptoms or diagnosis, autism spectrum disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, early childhood attachment and behavior, pro-social skills, and resilience. Direct and/or gene x environment interactions were identified in over half of the studies. ASD and conduct disorder (including callous unemotional traits) were the diagnoses that were most studied and for which there was the strongest evidence of direct links with OXTR polymorphisms. In most studies identifying gene x environment interactions, the candidate OXTR polymorphism was rs53576. Results suggest that OXTR polymorphisms are associated with social, emotional or behavioural functioning in children and adolescents. The mixed findings do, however, highlight the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kohlhoff
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; Karitane, P.O. Box 241, Villawood NSW 2163, Australia.
| | - Sara Cibralic
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - David Hawes
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry and Clinical Academic, South West Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool NSW 2170, Australia.
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Psychopathological symptoms as precursors of depressive symptoms in adolescence: a prospective analysis of the GINIplus and LISA birth cohort studies. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1627-1639. [PMID: 35426507 PMCID: PMC9288954 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in adolescence, highlighting the need for early identification of precursors. Research into psychopathological symptoms predicting depressive psychopathology in adolescents is therefore of great relevance. Moreover, given that the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in adolescence shows marked differences between girls and boys, insight into potential sex-specific differences in precursors is important. METHODS This study examined the relationships between emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems, and difficulties in prosocial behaviour at age 10 (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15 (Depression Screener for Teenagers). Using data from 2824 participants of the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts, the association of each SDQ subscale at age 10 years with the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15 years was analyzed using sex-specific logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Emotional problems [odds ratio (OR) 1.99, p = 0.002 for boys and OR 1.77, p < 0.001 for girls] and peer problems (OR 2.62, p < 0.001 for boys, OR 1.91, p = 0.001 for girls) at age 10 showed an increased risk for the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15. Additionally, boys with conduct problems at age 10 were at greater risk of showing depressive symptoms in adolescence (OR 2.50, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION Based on the identified prospective relationships in our study, it might be of particular importance to tailor prevention approaches during childhood to peer and emotional problems to reduce the risk of depressive psychopathology in adolescence. Moreover, particularly in boys, it seems important to also target conduct problems in childhood as a precursor of depressive symptoms in the adolescent period.
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Liu X, Cui L, Wu H, Liu B, Yang Y. Profiles and transition of mental health problems among Chinese adolescents: The predictive role of friendship quality, parental autonomy support, and psychological control. J Adolesc 2022; 94:19-33. [PMID: 35353407 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health problems have become a global crisis of the 21st century, with adolescence being a typical period of the outbreak of these problems. However, the profiles and transition of mental health problems in Chinese adolescents remain unclear. In addition, protective and risk factors that shape mental health problems require further clarification. METHODS We measured depression, anxiety, and stress as indicators to identify the profiles and transition patterns of mental health problems among Chinese adolescents, as well as environment-related predictors (i.e., friendship quality, parental psychological control, and autonomy support). A total of 722 participants (376 females; Mage = 15.21, SDage = 0.74) completed a set of questionnaires at two time points with a 1-year interval (T1: November 2018; T2: November 2019). RESULTS The profile analysis revealed two groups: healthy and troubled. The development of mental health problems included four trajectories: steady low, steady high, increasing, and decreasing. Results indicated that parental autonomy support and friendship quality exerted protective and buffering effects, whereas parental psychological control acted as a risk factor for mental health problem profiles. Furthermore, friendship quality had a unique predictive effect on the decreasing trajectory. CONCLUSIONS The profiles of mental health problems showed high concurrency of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and developmental trajectories were largely stable over time. Friendship quality, parental autonomy support, and psychological control predicted the profiles of the mental health problems of Chinese adolescents, and only friendship quality predicted the transition from a troubled to healthy profile over 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Liu
- MiZhi Middle School of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Petersen KJ, Humphrey N, Qualter P. Dual-Factor Mental Health from Childhood to Early Adolescence and Associated Factors: A Latent Transition Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 51:1118-1133. [PMID: 34919196 PMCID: PMC9090675 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dual-factor model of mental health indicates the importance of simultaneously assessing symptoms and subjective wellbeing, but there is limited understanding of how dual-factor mental health changes during the transition from childhood to early adolescence and factors associated with change. The current study investigated dual-factor mental health over a 2-year period from when children were 8–9 years old to 10–11 years old (N = 2402; 48% female), using latent transition analysis. Further analyses determined whether sex and peer support were associated with initial mental health status or specific transitions during this period. Following class enumeration procedures, a 5-class model was selected at both timepoints. Classes were: (1) complete mental health, (2) vulnerable, (3) emotional symptoms but content, (4) conduct problems but content, and (5) troubled. Half of the sample changed mental health status during the study period. Sex and peer support were associated with specific mental health statuses and subsequent transitions. The findings have implications for mental health screening practice and identifying those in need of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Petersen
- Manchester Institute of Education, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Neil Humphrey
- Manchester Institute of Education, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of Education, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Felton JW, Schwartz KTG, Oddo LE, Lejuez CW, Chronis-Tuscano A. Transactional patterns of depressive symptoms between mothers and adolescents: The role of emotion regulation. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:1225-1233. [PMID: 34762765 PMCID: PMC8665117 DOI: 10.1002/da.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a highly prevalent, debilitating disorder that runs in families. Yet, empirical support for bidirectional mechanisms linking mother-adolescent depression symptoms remains limited. This study examined longitudinal bidirectional relations among emotion regulation (ER) constructs and depressive symptoms among mother-adolescent dyads over time. Pathways for girls and boys were explored separately, given extant research on sex differences in the intergenerational transmission of depression. METHODS Adolescent (n = 232; M = 15.02 years, SD = 0.95; 44% female)-mother dyads, drawn from a longitudinal study on the development of risky behaviors, completed annual assessments of depressive symptoms and facets of ER over 4 years. Panel modeling examined lagged and cross-lagged effects of mother-adolescent depressive symptoms and ER constructs over time, in a multigroup model of boys and girls. RESULTS Among girls, higher baseline maternal depression scores predicted increased adolescent ER difficulties (std. est. = -.42, p < .001) in turn, predicting increased adolescent depressive symptoms (std. est. = -.33, p = .002) and subsequent maternal ER difficulties (std. est. = .39, p = .002). The indirect effect of maternal depressive symptoms→adolescent ER→adolescent depressive symptoms→maternal ER was significant (ind. eff. = .10, 95% confidence interval [>.001, .19]) for girls, but not boys. CONCLUSION Implications for interrupting intergenerational cycles of depressive symptoms and emotion dysregulation are discussed.
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