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Yehia NA, Isai L, Semnani-Azad Z, Lai KZH, Retnakaran R, Harris SB, Beaudry JL, Bazinet RP, Hanley AJ. Association of circulating branched chain fatty acids with insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in the PROMISE cohort. Lipids 2023; 58:171-183. [PMID: 37165723 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are mainly saturated fatty acids with a methyl branch on the penultimate or antepenultimate carbon atom. While BCFAs are endogenously produced via the catabolism of branched chain amino acids, the primary exogenous source of BCFAs in the human body is via the diet, including dairy products. Recently, BCFAs have been identified as having a potentially protective role in the etiology of cardiometabolic disorders although current literature is limited. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of circulating BCFAs across four serum pools with insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, and glucose concentrations in the PROMISE Cohort. Estimates of insulin sensitivity were assessed using Matsuda's insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2). Estimates of beta cell function were determined using the insulinogenic index divided by HOMA insulin resistance and the insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2). Baseline serum samples were analyzed for BCFAs using gas-chromatography flame ionization detection. Longitudinal associations were determined using generalized estimating equations. In the free fatty acid (FFA) pool, iso15:0 and anteiso15:0 were positively associated with logHOMA2 (iso15:0 logHOMA2-%S: β = 6.86, 95% CI: [1.64, 12.36], p < 0.05, anteiso15:0 logHOMA2-%S: β = 6.36, 95% CI: [0.63, 12.42], p < 0.05) while anteiso14:0 was inversely associated with measures of insulin sensitivity (iso14:0 logHOMA2-%S: β = -2.35, 95% CI: [-4.26, -0.40], p < 0.05, logISI: β = -2.30, 95% CI: [-4.32, -0.23], p < 0.05, anteiso14:0 logHOMA2-%S: β = -4.72, 95% CI: [-7.81, -1.52], p < 0.05, logISI: β = -6.13, 95% CI: [-9.49, -2.66], p < 0.01). Associations in other pools were less consistent. We identified the potential importance of specific BCFAs, specifically iso14:0, anteiso14:0, iso15:0, anteiso15:0, in cardiometabolic phenotypes underlying type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagam A Yehia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liridona Isai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhila Semnani-Azad
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kira Zhi Hua Lai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jacqueline L Beaudry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
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2
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Bando H, Taneda S, Manda N. Association between 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Lipid Profiles in Japanese with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:266-272. [PMID: 34719611 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Low 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are closely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in the general population. In addition, vitamin D status is lower in patients with the metabolic syndrome than in those without the syndrome. Therefore, we examined the association between lipid profiles and 25(OH)D levels. In this case control study, 285 type 2 diabetic patients who attended the Manda Memorial Hospital from March to October 2017 were selected and 25(OH)D, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels, were obtained. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the association between 25(OH)D concentrations and TG levels was statistically significant (p<0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, estimated glomerular flow rate (eGFR), insulin use, duration of diabetes mellitus, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), alcohol consumption, current smoking, and sampling timing. The serum 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with the TG level after the adjustment for the characteristics of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Buchmann N, Eckstein N, Spira D, Demuth I, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Norman K. Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome independent of insulin resistance and obesity in young adults - The Berlin Aging Study II. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3457. [PMID: 33886146 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related changes affect vitamin D absorption and metabolism. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations have been reported as risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, recent evaluations suggest this association might be explained by obesity or insulin resistance (IR) in subjects with MetS. Our aim was to analyze associations between vitamin D insufficiency and MetS in a young cohort without diabetes and two senior cohorts with and without diabetes. METHODS Four hundred sixteen young and 1357 older BASE-II participants were analyzed. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was defined according to European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines, MetS as suggested by International Diabetes Federation/American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (IDF/AHA/NHLBI 2009). Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations <50 nmol/L. Among other confounders, BMI and IR were taken into account. RESULTS MetS was prevalent in 7.7% of the young and in 35.6% of the older BASE-II participants and T2D occurred in 12.7% of the older participants. In young subjects without diabetes, vitamin D insufficiency was associated with an independent 3.2-fold increased odds of having MetS (OR: 3.2 CI: 1.0-8.7; p = 0.042). However, in the older participants, this association was lost once BMI was taken into account among those with diabetes, and once IR was taken into account among those without diabetes. CONCLUSION Independent associations between vitamin D insufficiency and MetS were only found among young subjects without diabetes. In the older adults, BMI annihilated these associations among subjects without diabetes as did HOMA-IR among subjects with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Buchmann
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin (Campus Benjamin Franklin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Eckstein
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (Including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Spira
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (Including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (Including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (Including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Norman
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute for Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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4
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Rivera-Paredez B, Hidalgo-Bravo A, León-Reyes G, León-Maldonado LS, Aquino-Gálvez A, Castillejos-López M, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Flores YN, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Total, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Equally Associate with Adiposity Markers and Metabolic Traits in Mexican Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103320. [PMID: 34684322 PMCID: PMC8539380 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], adiposity, and metabolic traits. The bioavailability of 25(OH)D is regulated by the albumin, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), and variants of the GC gene. Therefore, it is not clear if bioavailable or free 25(OH)D offer additional benefits compared to total 25(OH)D when estimating the magnitude of these associations. Our aim was to evaluate the association between 25(OH)D (total, free and bioavailable) with adiposity and metabolic traits. This was a cross-sectional study of 1904 subjects from the Health Workers Cohort Study from Mexico. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D were calculated based on VDBP and albumin determinations, using a formula adjusted for the GC gene diplotypes. Adiposity and metabolic traits were measured with standardized procedures. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels correlated with total 25(OH)D, r = 0.71 and 0.70, respectively (p < 0.001). Total, bioavailable and free 25(OH)D levels were negatively associated with the adiposity marker (visceral adiposity index) and metabolic traits (metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, triglycerides, triglycerides/HDL-c ratio, and triglycerides/glucose index) in multivariate regression models (ORs = 0.73 to 0.96). Our findings suggest that free and bioavailable 25(OH)D do not offer additional advantages over total 25(OH)D regarding its association with adiposity and several metabolic traits in Mexican adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.R.-P.); (J.S.)
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Department of Genetics, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Mexico City 014389, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe León-Reyes
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Leith S. León-Maldonado
- National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT)—Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas” (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.A.-G.); (M.C.-L.)
| | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas” (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.A.-G.); (M.C.-L.)
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca 62000, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Yvonne N. Flores
- Epidemiological and Health Services Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Cuernavaca 62000, Morelos, Mexico;
- UCLA Department of Health Policy and Management and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.R.-P.); (J.S.)
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(55)-5350-1900; Fax: +52-(55)-5350-1999
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Hajhashemy Z, Shahdadian F, Moslemi E, Mirenayat FS, Saneei P. Serum vitamin D levels in relation to metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13223. [PMID: 33829636 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies examined the association of serum vitamin D with metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the findings were inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to quantify the association between blood vitamin D levels and MetS in adults. A systematic search up to December 2020 was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), ISI (Web of Science), Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for epidemiological studies that assessed the relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (as the exposure) and MetS (as the outcome) in adults. Eligible cross-sectional studies were restricted to those with representative populations. Finally, 43 studies were included in the analysis (38 cross-sectional, one nested case-control, and four cohorts studies). Combining 41 effect sizes from 38 cross-sectional studies included 298,187 general adult population revealed that the highest level of serum vitamin D, compared with the lowest level, was significantly related to a 43% decreased odds of MetS in developed countries (odds ratio [OR]: 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49-0.65) and 40% in developing countries (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.52-0.70). Linear dose-response analysis (including 222,175 healthy individuals and 39,308 MetS patients) revealed that each 25 nmol/L increase in serum vitamin D level was significantly associated with a 15% decreased odds of MetS (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.91); however, we found no significant nonlinear association. Meta-analysis of five prospective studies with 11,019 participants revealed no significant relation (relative risk [RR]: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.37-1.32). This meta-analysis indicated an inverse association between serum vitamin D concentrations and risk of MetS in general adult populations in cross-sectional studies in a dose-response manner. However, no significant association was found in a small number of cohorts. More prospective studies are needed to confirm the causality of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajhashemy
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Shahdadian
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Moslemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fateme Sadat Mirenayat
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Yeap BB, Dedic D, Budgeon CA, Murray K, Knuiman MW, Hunter M, Zhu K, Cooke BR, Lim EM, Mulrennan S, Walsh JP, Green DJ. U-shaped association of vigorous physical activity with risk of metabolic syndrome in men with low lean mass, and no interaction of physical activity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with metabolic syndrome risk. Intern Med J 2021; 50:460-469. [PMID: 31161619 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is uncertainty over how lean mass, physical activity (PA) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) status interact on metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in adults. AIMS To test the hypothesis that these factors additively influence MetS risk. METHODS Four thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight adults (54.6% female) mean ± SD age 58.0 ± 5.8 years, body mass index 28.1 ± 4.8 kg/m2 , resident in Busselton, Western Australia. PA assessed by questionnaire (all/total and vigorous), lean mass using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (% total body mass), serum 25-OH-D via immunoassay, analysed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS In men, lower total PA was associated with MetS (no vs >24 h/week odds ratio (OR) = 3.1; ≤8 vs >24 h/week OR = 1.8, both P < 0.001), as was lower lean mass (low vs high OR = 20.4; medium vs high OR = 7.4, both P < 0.001). Men with low lean mass exhibited a U-shaped relationship of vigorous PA with MetS risk (covariate-adjusted: 0 vs 4-8 h/week OR = 2.1, P = 0.037; >12 vs 4-8 h/week OR = 4.3, P = 0.002; interaction P = 0.039). In women, low PA (0 vs >24 h/week OR = 2.1, P = 0.003) and lean mass (low vs high OR = 13.1; medium vs high OR = 7.2, both P < 0.001) were associated with MetS risk. Low 25-OH-D status was associated with MetS in men (low vs high OR = 4.1; medium vs high OR = 2.3, both P < 0.001) and women (OR = 3.5 and 2.1 respectively, both P < 0.001) with no PA interaction. CONCLUSIONS Men and women with high lean mass have low risk of MetS regardless of PA. Low lean mass identifies men who may benefit most from increasing PA, with an optimal level associated with lowest risk. 25-OH-D and PA do not interact on MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deila Dedic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Charley A Budgeon
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew W Knuiman
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Hunter
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Busselton, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brian R Cooke
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ee M Lim
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Siobhain Mulrennan
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John P Walsh
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Liu L, Cao Z, Lu F, Liu Y, Lv Y, Qu Y, Gu H, Li C, Cai J, Ji S, Li Y, Zhao F, Shi X. Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in elderly Chinese individuals: evidence from CLHLS. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:58. [PMID: 32760432 PMCID: PMC7391611 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Both low vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are worldwide concerns, and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with MetS; however, related epidemiological evidence based on elderly Chinese individuals, especially those over 80 years of age, is limited. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D and MetS in elderly Chinese individuals. Method Serum 25(OH)D was measured in a cross-sectional sample of 2493 elderly people aged 65–112 years from eight areas of China in which the density of centenarians is exceptionally high. MetS was diagnosed according to blood pressure, lipid, and blood sugar levels; waist circumference; and body mass index (BMI). Adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between vitamin D and MetS based on different diagnostic criterias. Results A total of 890 (35.7%) of the recruited elderly individuals had insufficient levels of vitamin D, and 1029 participants (41.3%) were vitamin D deficient. High serum vitamin D concentrations were associated with a low prevalence of MetS according to the modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria for adequate versus deficient vitamin D levels (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.88) and inadequate versus deficient vitamin D levels (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.92). Each 10 ng/ml increase in serum vitamin D was significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of MetS according to the modified ATP III criteria for people with normal waist circumference (WC) (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.43,0.71). However, no significant statistical correlation was found among elderly people with a high WC. Additionally, in the analysis of the individual components, the ORs of adequate versus deficient vitamin D levels were 0.46 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.71) for elevated triglycerides and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.97) for reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) after adjustment for other components. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is very common among elderly Chinese individuals. Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for MetS; however, the association was only statistically significant among elderly people with noncentral obesity. Further studies are needed to examine the causal direction of the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Feng Lu
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center, (Beijing Municipal Health Commission Policy Research Center), Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yingli Qu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Heng Gu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jiayi Cai
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Saisai Ji
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yawei Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Feng Zhao
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
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8
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Lu X, Vick S, Chen Z, Chen J, Watsky MA. Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Knockout and Vitamin D Deficiency on Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing and Nerve Density in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:1042-1051. [PMID: 32139594 PMCID: PMC7171964 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic keratopathy occurs in ∼70% of all people with diabetes. This study was designed to examine the effects of vitamin D receptor knockout (VDR-/-) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve density in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced using the low-dose streptozotocin method. Corneal epithelial wounds were created using an Algerbrush, and wound healing was monitored over time. Corneal nerve density was measured in unwounded mice. VDR-/- and VDD diabetic mice (diabetic for 8 and 20 weeks, respectively) had slower healing ratios than wild-type diabetic mice. VDR-/- and VDD diabetic mice also showed significantly decreased nerve density. Reduced wound healing ratios and nerve densities were not fully rescued by a supplemental diet rich in calcium, lactose, and phosphate. We conclude that VDR-/- and VDD significantly reduce both corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve density in diabetic mice. Because the supplemental diet did not rescue wound healing or nerve density, these effects are likely not specifically related to hypocalcemia. This work supports the hypothesis that low vitamin D levels can exacerbate preexisting ophthalmic conditions, such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Lu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Sarah Vick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Jie Chen
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Mitchell A Watsky
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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9
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Xiao P, Dong H, Li H, Yan Y, Cheng H, Liu J, Zhao X, Hou D, Mi J. Adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are inversely associated with various cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese children, especially obese children. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:e000846. [PMID: 32071197 PMCID: PMC7039595 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency has recently evolved as a major public health issue worldwide. But the relationship between vitamin D and cardiovascular health in children remains unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors, and to assess the possible effect modification of obesity on the associations in a Chinese pediatric population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional sample of 6091 children aged 6-18 years was obtained using a cluster sampling method. The 25(OH)D concentrations, and metabolic risk factors, including waist to height ratio, blood pressure, blood lipids, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and insulin were measured. Adjusted ORs and multiplicative or additive interaction were calculated to assess the associations and effect modification, respectively. RESULTS Triglycerides, FBG, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentrations (p<0.05) in both sexes. The OR of hyperglycemia among individuals with insufficient vitamin D was higher than those with adequate vitamin D after adjusting for covariates (OR: 1.47; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.70). Moreover, girls with insufficient vitamin D had significantly higher odds for hypertension and high total cholesterol than those with adequate vitamin D, which was not observed in boys. Thirty-two percent (95% CI 14% to 51%) of the increased odds of hyperglycemia can be explained by the interaction between insufficient vitamin D and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with increased odds of various cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese children and has a synergistic effect on hyperglycemia with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Dong
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqing Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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10
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Weldegiorgis TZ, Hidru TH, Yang X, Xia Y, Ma L, Li H. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and metabolic syndrome in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population in Dalian, northeast China: A cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:184-191. [PMID: 31145541 PMCID: PMC6944851 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-[OH]D) concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. METHODS The present study included 2,764 participants (aged >50 years). The joint interim statement was used for the standard definition of MetS. Serum 25-(OH)D concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The study participants were categorized into quartiles based on serum 25-(OH)D concentrations, and the quartiles were calculated for the differences using anova and the χ2 -test for continuous and categorical data, respectively. A logistic regression analysis model was applied to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each quartile of serum 25-(OH)D concentrations compared with the highest quartile. RESULTS Serum 25-(OH)D levels were markedly lower in men in the MetS group than in those without MetS. We observed a negative correlation between the higher quartiles of serum 25-(OH)D levels and the presence of MetS among men. The correlation between serum 25-(OH)D levels and the prevalence of MetS persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, cigarette smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, low-density lipoprotein, creatinine and total serum cholesterol. Adjusted odds ratios of MetS in the second through fourth compared with the lowest quartile for serum 25-(OH)D levels were 0.93 (95% CI 0.54-1.59), 0.89 (95% CI 0.50-1.56) and 0.48 (95% CI 0.28-0.84), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum 25-(OH)D level is significantly correlated with MetS in middle-aged men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiao‐lei Yang
- Department of CardiologyInstitute of Cardiovascular DiseasesFirst Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yun‐long Xia
- Department of CardiologyInstitute of Cardiovascular DiseasesFirst Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public HealthDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Hui‐Hua Li
- School of Public HealthDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Department of CardiologyInstitute of Cardiovascular DiseasesFirst Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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11
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Carrivick S, Alfonso H, Golledge J, Clancy P, Flicker L, Gunton JE, Hankey GJ, Almeida OP, Norman PE, Yeap BB. Differential associations of ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D with fasting glucose and diabetes risk in community dwelling older men. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3172. [PMID: 30997951 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We examined associations of ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D with fasting glucose and prevalent diabetes in older men. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of 4153 community-dwelling men aged 70 to 89 years in Western Australia. Plasma ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and glucose were assayed. Diabetes was ascertained from self-report, medications, and fasting glucose. RESULTS There were 577 men with diabetes (13.9%). In the whole cohort, ferritin was associated with fasting glucose (0.051 mmol/L per 1 SD increase in ferritin, P = .006) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated (-0.085 mmol/L per 1 SD, P < .001). Ferritin was not associated with prevalent diabetes (highest vs. lowest quartile; >225 vs <66 μg/L: adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-1.27, P = .83). Higher vitamin D was associated with decreased odds of prevalent diabetes (highest vs lowest quartile; >82 nmol/L vs <53 nmol/L: OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.43-0.75, P < .001). There was no interaction between ferritin and vitamin D on diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS In older men, ferritin is associated with fasting glucose but not prevalent diabetes. Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are independently associated with lower fasting glucose and reduced risk of diabetes. Clinical trials are required to determine whether interventions, which raise vitamin D concentrations, would reduce incidence of diabetes in this expanding demographic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Carrivick
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Helman Alfonso
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Paula Clancy
- Health Practitioners And Researchers Together-Blood Endothelium And Tissue (HART-BEAT), Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Paul E Norman
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
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12
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Santaren ID, Bazinet RP, Liu Z, Johnston LW, Sievenpiper JL, Giacca A, Retnakaran R, Harris SB, Zinman B, Hanley AJ. The Distribution of Fatty Acid Biomarkers of Dairy Intake across Serum Lipid Fractions: The Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) Cohort. Lipids 2019; 54:617-627. [PMID: 31429083 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Circulating fatty acids (FA) derived largely from dairy consumption have most commonly been measured in total human serum or phospholipid (PL) fractions, and have been used as validated biomarkers of dairy intake in a growing number of epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, measurement and characterization of a wider spectrum of FA biomarkers of dairy across the four major serum lipid fractions is lacking. This study aimed to (1) quantify FA biomarkers of dairy in PL, triacylglycerol (TAG), cholesteryl ester (CE), and unesterified fatty acid (FFA) serum lipid fractions; and (2) identify potential demographic and metabolic factors that may modify the proportions of these FA across serum fractions. Baseline data from 444 adults in the PROMISE cohort were analyzed. FA biomarkers, 15:0, t16:1n-7, 18:2-c9,t11, and t18:1n-7 were quantified from serum. Dairy intake was estimated using the validated Canadian Diet History Questionnaire. Our results show that t18:1n-7 was the most abundant FA biomarker in all fractions except CE, where 18:2-c9,t11 was the most abundant. Positive correlations within fractions, and across FA in the PL, CE, and FFA fractions were found, however, TAG FA were negatively correlated with the other fractions. PL and CE FA were positively associated with dairy intake, and negatively associated with markers of dysmetabolism while, in contrast, these markers were predictors of higher TAG dairy FA. This study is the first to demonstrate distinct proportions of dairy FA in different serum lipid fractions. PL and CE FA marked dairy intake in this cohort, while TAG FA appeared to be markers of dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid D Santaren
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke W Johnston
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen St. East, M5C 2T2, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria St., M5B 1T8, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen St. East, M5C 2T2, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Western Center for Public Health and Family Medicine, Western University, 1465 Richmond St., N6G 2M1, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with obesity and metabolic parameters in US children. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:1223-1225. [PMID: 31288870 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Aatsinki SM, Elkhwanky MS, Kummu O, Karpale M, Buler M, Viitala P, Rinne V, Mutikainen M, Tavi P, Franko A, Wiesner RJ, Chambers KT, Finck BN, Hakkola J. Fasting-Induced Transcription Factors Repress Vitamin D Bioactivation, a Mechanism for Vitamin D Deficiency in Diabetes. Diabetes 2019; 68:918-931. [PMID: 30833469 PMCID: PMC6477896 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels correlate with the prevalence of diabetes; however, the mechanisms remain uncertain. Here, we show that nutritional deprivation-responsive mechanisms regulate vitamin D metabolism. Both fasting and diabetes suppressed hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2R1, the main vitamin D 25-hydroxylase responsible for the first bioactivation step. Overexpression of coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), induced physiologically by fasting and pathologically in diabetes, resulted in dramatic downregulation of CYP2R1 in mouse hepatocytes in an estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα)-dependent manner. However, PGC-1α knockout did not prevent fasting-induced suppression of CYP2R1 in the liver, indicating that additional factors contribute to the CYP2R1 repression. Furthermore, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation repressed the liver CYP2R1, suggesting GR involvement in the regulation of CYP2R1. GR antagonist mifepristone partially prevented CYP2R1 repression during fasting, suggesting that glucocorticoids and GR contribute to the CYP2R1 repression during fasting. Moreover, fasting upregulated the vitamin D catabolizing CYP24A1 in the kidney through the PGC-1α-ERRα pathway. Our study uncovers a molecular mechanism for vitamin D deficiency in diabetes and reveals a novel negative feedback mechanism that controls crosstalk between energy homeostasis and the vitamin D pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna-Mari Aatsinki
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Admescope Ltd., Oulu, Finland
| | - Mahmoud-Sobhy Elkhwanky
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Kummu
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko Karpale
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marcin Buler
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirkko Viitala
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Maija Mutikainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andras Franko
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Kari T Chambers
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian N Finck
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jukka Hakkola
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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15
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Migliaccio S, Di Nisio A, Mele C, Scappaticcio L, Savastano S, Colao A. Obesity and hypovitaminosis D: causality or casualty? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2019; 9:20-31. [PMID: 31391922 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-019-0010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reported that vitamin D deficiency represents an increasingly widespread phenomenon in various populations. Vitamin D deficiency is considered a clinical syndrome determined by low circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which is the biologically-inactive intermediate and represents the predominant circulating form. Different mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the association between hypovitaminosis D and obesity, including lower dietary intake of vitamin D, lesser skin exposure to sunlight, due to less outdoor physical activity, decreased intestinal absorption, impaired hydroxylation in adipose tissue and 25(OH)D accumulation in fat. However, several studies speculated that vitamin D deficiency itself could cause obesity or prevent weight loss. The fat-solubility of vitamin D leads to the hypothesis that a sequestration process occurs in body fat depots, resulting in a lower bioavailability in the obese state. After investigating the clinical aspects of vitamin D deficiency and the proposed mechanisms for low 25(OH)D in obesity, in this manuscript we discuss the possible role of vitamin D replacement treatment, with different formulations, to restore normal levels in individuals affected by obesity, and evaluate potential positive effects on obesity itself and its metabolic consequences. Food-based prevention strategies for enhancement of vitamin D status and, therefore, lowering skeletal and extra-skeletal diseases risk have been widely proposed in the past decades; however pharmacological supplementation, namely cholecalciferol and calcifediol, is required in the treatment of vitamin D insufficiency and its comorbidities. In individuals affected by obesity, high doses of vitamin D are required to normalize serum vitamin D levels, but the different liposolubility of different supplements should be taken into account. Although the results are inconsistent, some studies reported that vitamin D supplementation may have some beneficial effects in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit Endocrinology, University Foro Italico, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Nisio
- 2Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Mele
- 3Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,4Division of General Medicine, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scappaticcio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Dept of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences and Aging, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- 6Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Roma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- 6Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Roma, Italy
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16
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Ghadieh R, Mattar Bou Mosleh J, Al Hayek S, Merhi S, El Hayek Fares J. The relationship between hypovitaminosis D and metabolic syndrome: a cross sectional study among employees of a private university in Lebanon. BMC Nutr 2018; 4:36. [PMID: 32153897 PMCID: PMC7050701 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-018-0243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of low vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome is increasing globally and in Lebanon. The objectives of this study are to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components (elevated triglycerides, low HDL, abdominal obesity defined by high waist circumference, hypertension, impaired fasting blood glucose) and investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and MetS and its components among a sample of Lebanese adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on Notre Dame University employees. A background questionnaire, a short-form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire were administered. Participants were invited to the nutrition laboratory to gather data on anthropometric (height, waist circumference, weight, body composition and body mass index) and biochemical measurements (serum vitamin D, triglycerides, HDL and fasting blood glucose). Vitamin D status was assessed according to the Institute of Medicine cut-offs (inadequate or adequate: 25(OH)D < or ≥ 50 nmol/L).The definition of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program was used to identify individuals who had MetS. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 344 participants (age range of 20 to 74 years) were included in the study. The prevalence of MetS was 23.5%. Among MetS components, central obesity was the most prevalent condition (50.6%), while the least prevalent was impaired fasting blood glucose (20.3%). The odds of having MetS were found to be 2.5 (95% CI 1.3-4.7) higher among those with inadequate vitamin D status, than among those with adequate vitamin D status while controlling for important confounders (age, marital status, education level, income, medical morbidity, smoking and percent body fat and gender). Among the components of MetS, only hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.3-4.2) and low HDL (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.0) were associated with inadequate vitamin D status while controlling for important confounders. CONCLUSIONS Early identification and control of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the primary care level is needed, particularly among adults who have low vitamin D status, are obese, and have low income level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Ghadieh
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University- Louaize (NDU), Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne Cedex, France
| | | | - Sibelle Al Hayek
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University- Louaize (NDU), Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Samar Merhi
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University- Louaize (NDU), Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Jessy El Hayek Fares
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University- Louaize (NDU), Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
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17
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Karonova T, Grineva E, Belyaeva O, Bystrova A, Jude EB, Andreeva A, Kostareva A, Pludowski P. Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms With Markers of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:448. [PMID: 30166978 PMCID: PMC6106967 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies have demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency contributes to the development of metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms had been described to play a role in these conditions since vitamin D receptors were found in many tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between vitamin D status and VDR gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome (MS) parameters in Russian middle-aged women. Materials and Methods: A total of 697 women aged between 30 to 55 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and four VDR gene polymorphisms rs1544410 (BsmI), rs7975232 (ApaI), rs731236 (TaqI), and rs2228570 (FokI) were measured. We applied the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria to identify subjects with MS. Results: 9.3% of subjects had normal vitamin D level, while 90.7% were insufficient or deficient. Abdominal obesity (AO) was seen in 75.5%, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2DM was observed in 33.3%, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in 32.2% and hypertriglyceridemia in 23.4%. Serum 25(OH)D level in women with or without MS did not differ (48.6 ± 1.8 and 51.1 ± 1.5 nmol/l, p > 0.05). Subjects with vitamin D deficiency showed an increased risk of AO [CI 95% 2.23; 1.15-4.30] and low HDL-C [CI95% 2.60; 1.04-6.49] compared to subjects with normal 25(OH)D level. IGT and T2DM risk was increased only when 25(OH)D concentration was less than 39.0 nmol/l [CI 95% 7.17; 2.99-17.7], but risk of MS did not differ in normal vitamin D status subjects and insufficient/deficient ones (p > 0.05). T allele carriers (A) of rs7975232 had higher total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with the GG (aa) genotypes. Similarly, GG (BB) genotype carriers of rs1544410 had higher triglyceride levels than subjects with A (b) allele carriers. However VDR gene polymorphisms did not seem to be associated with an increased risk of MS. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency, rs7975232, and rs1544410 VDR gene variants are associated with MS parameters in Russian middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Karonova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Internal Medicine Department, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- *Correspondence: Tatiana Karonova
| | - Elena Grineva
- Institute of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Internal Medicine Department, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Belyaeva
- Internal Medicine Department, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Bystrova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Internal Medicine Department, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Edward B. Jude
- Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton Under Lyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alena Andreeva
- Institute of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pawel Pludowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in Brazilian children, regardless of body fat distribution. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:2878-2886. [PMID: 28829285 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001700194x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors, controlled by adiposity, in a representative sample of prepubescent children. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric measures and blood pressure were performed. Laboratory analyses were performed to determine the levels of vitamin D (25-hydroxyitamin D; 25(OH)D), glucose, insulin, serum lipids and intact parathyroid hormone. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24 h recalls. SETTING Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2015. SUBJECTS Representative sample of 378 children aged 8 and 9 years from urban schools. RESULTS Inadequate serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were diagnosed in more than half of the children and none of them met the recommended vitamin D intake. After adjusting for confounding factors in the multiple regression analysis, lower prevalence of insulin resistance and hypertriacylglycerolaemia was found in children with serum 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/l (prevalence ratio=0·25; 95 % CI 0·08, 0·85) and ≥50 nmol/l (prevalence ratio=0·61; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·99), respectively. However, after adjusting for different indicators of adiposity, insulin resistance remained independently associated and the association with hypertriacylglycerolaemia was lost after adjusting for central adiposity. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was associated with the number of cardiometabolic alterations in children. CONCLUSIONS The study results showed that prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was high among the children and insulin resistance was the main cardiometabolic alteration associated with this condition, even in a tropical climate country such as Brazil.
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Al-Dabhani K, Tsilidis KK, Murphy N, Ward HA, Elliott P, Riboli E, Gunter M, Tzoulaki I. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and association with metabolic syndrome in a Qatari population. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e263. [PMID: 28394362 PMCID: PMC5436094 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite long hours of sunlight in Qatar and other regions of the Middle East, vitamin D deficiency has been rising. In parallel, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has also been increasing in Qatar. Vitamin D levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome but the data are inconsistent and no studies have addressed these inter-relationships in a Middle Eastern population where the prevalence of these conditions is high. The objective is to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with metabolic syndrome and its components in the Qatar Biobank population. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 1205 participants (702 women and 503 men) from the Qatar Biobank, comprising Qataris and non-Qataris between the ages of 18 and 80 years, was used to perform multivariate linear regression analyses to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (defined as <20 ng ml-1 serum vitamin D levels) adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, season of blood collection, physical activity and education. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all analyses. RESULTS Approximately 64% of participants were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng ml-1) with more men being deficient (68.6%) than women (61.3%). Serum vitamin D was 8% lower in individuals with metabolic syndrome (RR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87-0.98, P-value: 0.01) compared to individuals without metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference and HDL as well as high triglyceride levels were also significantly positively associated with vitamin D deficiency. No association was found between the other components of metabolic syndrome or diabetes and the presence of vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in this Qatari population. Presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with presence of vitamin D deficiency. Future prospective studies need to be conducted to investigate the potential for causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Al-Dabhani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - K K Tsilidis
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - N Murphy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer
| | - H A Ward
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Elliott
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Riboli
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Gunter
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer
| | - I Tzoulaki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Al-khalidi B, Kimball SM, Rotondi MA, Ardern CI. Standardized serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are inversely associated with cardiometabolic disease in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES, 2001-2010. Nutr J 2017; 16:16. [PMID: 28241878 PMCID: PMC5329954 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously reported associations between vitamin D status, as measured by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, and cardiometabolic risk factors were largely limited by variability in 25(OH)D assay performance. In accordance with the Vitamin D Standardization Program, serum 25(OH)D measurement was recently standardized in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to reduce laboratory and method related differences in serum 25(OH)D results. We evaluated the overall and ethnic-specific associations between the newly standardized serum 25(OH)D concentrations and cardiometabolic risk in U.S. adults. METHODS This study examined standardized 25(OH)D data from five cycles of the NHANES (2001-2010). The total sample included 7674 participants (1794 Mexican-Americans, 4289 non-Hispanic whites, and 1591 non-Hispanic blacks) aged ≥ 20 years who were examined in the morning after overnight fasting. Serum 25(OH)D was directly measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in 2007-2010, and was predicted from LC-MS/MS equivalents for 2001-2006. Serum 25(OH)D levels were categorized into quartiles (<43.4, 43.4-58.6, 58.7-74.2, ≥74.3 nmol/L). Cardiometabolic risk was defined by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and Framingham cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using modified Poisson regression. RESULTS After full adjustment for confounders, serum 25(OH)D ≥74.3 nmol/L was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk compared to 25(OH)D <43.4 nmol/L in the overall sample [HOMA-IR: 0.70 (0.59, 0.84); MetS: 0.82 (0.74, 0.91); CVD risk: 0.78 (0.66, 0.91)]. These associations remained significant in Mexican-Americans [HOMA-IR: 0.54 (0.35, 0.82); MetS: 0.73 (0.55, 0.96)], non-Hispanic whites [HOMA-IR: 0.81 (0.68, 0.96); MetS: 0.84 (0.73, 0.95); CVD risk: 0.78 (0.64, 0.93)]; and in non-Hispanic blacks [HOMA-IR: 0.67 (0.45, 0.99); MetS: 0.75 (0.56, 0.97); CVD risk: 0.58 (0.41, 0.81)]. CONCLUSIONS Low vitamin D status is a significant risk factor for cardiometabolic disease in U.S. adults based on standardized serum 25(OH)D results, irrespective of ethnic background. Future studies using standardized 25(OH)D data are needed to confirm these results, particularly amongst U.S. blacks with 25(OH)D concentrations above 75 nmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banaz Al-khalidi
- School of Kinesiology and Heath Science, York University, Toronto, M3J1P3 ON Canada
| | | | - Michael A. Rotondi
- School of Kinesiology and Heath Science, York University, Toronto, M3J1P3 ON Canada
| | - Chris I. Ardern
- School of Kinesiology and Heath Science, York University, Toronto, M3J1P3 ON Canada
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Commonalities in the Association between PPARG and Vitamin D Related with Obesity and Carcinogenesis. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:2308249. [PMID: 27579030 PMCID: PMC4992792 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2308249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PPAR nuclear receptor family has acquired great relevance in the last decade, which is formed by three different isoforms (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPAR ϒ). Those nuclear receptors are members of the steroid receptor superfamily which take part in essential metabolic and life-sustaining actions. Specifically, PPARG has been implicated in the regulation of processes concerning metabolism, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cell differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, a considerable amount of literature has emerged in the last ten years linking PPARG signalling with metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and, more recently, cancer. This review paper, at crossroads of basic sciences, preclinical, and clinical data, intends to analyse the last research concerning PPARG signalling in obesity and cancer. Afterwards, possible links between four interrelated actors will be established: PPARG, the vitamin D/VDR system, obesity, and cancer, opening up the door to further investigation and new hypothesis in this fascinating area of research.
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Al-Eisa ES, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Correlation between vitamin D levels and muscle fatigue risk factors based on physical activity in healthy older adults. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:513-22. [PMID: 27217733 PMCID: PMC4862760 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of serum vitamin D levels with physical activity, obesity, muscle fatigue biomarkers, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in healthy older adults. METHODS A total of 85 healthy older subjects aged 64-96 years were recruited in this study. Based on estimated energy expenditure scores, the participants were classified into three groups: inactive (n=25), moderate (n=20), and physically active (n=35). Serum 25(OH)D (25-hydroxy vitamin D) levels, metabolic syndrome parameters, TAC activity, muscle fatigue biomarkers (Ca, creatine kinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, troponin I, hydroxyproline), physical activity, body fatness, and fatigue score (visual analog scale) were estimated using immunoassay techniques and prevalidated questionnaires, respectively. RESULTS Physical activity was estimated in 64.6% of the participants. Males showed higher physical activity (42.5%) compared to females (26.25%). Compared to participants with lower activity, significant reduction in body mass index, waist circumference, hips, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were observed in moderate and physically active participants. Also, significant increase in the levels of serum 25(OH)D concentrations, calcium, and TAC activity along with reduction in the levels of muscle fatigue biomarkers: creatine kinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, troponin I, hydroxyproline, and fatigue scores (visual analog scale) were reported in physically active participants compared to those of lower physical activity. In all participants, serum 25(OH)D concentrations correlated positively with Ca, TAC, physical activity scores, and negatively with body mass index, lipid profile, fatigue scores (visual analog scale), and muscle fatigue biomarkers. Stepwise regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D concentrations, physical activity, Ca, TAC, and demographic parameters explained approximately 61.4%-85.8% of reduction in both fatigue scores and muscle fatigue biomarkers with substantial improvement in muscle performance in healthy older adults. CONCLUSION The data showed that considerable levels of 25(OH)D concentrations, calcium intake, and lower obesity positively correlated with the improvement in the muscle relief and performance of physically active participants. These results demonstrate that 25(OH)D concentrations and calcium might prevent muscle fatigue by regulation of the biosynthesis of creatine kinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, troponin I, and hydroxyproline via a proposed antifree radical mechanism reported by higher TAC activity. It was suggested that vitamin D status could be reported as a marker of the improvement of muscle performance, especially in healthy older adults with lower physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einas S Al-Eisa
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Akter S, Eguchi M, Kurotani K, Kochi T, Kashino I, Ito R, Kuwahara K, Tsuruoka H, Kabe I, Mizoue T. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and metabolic syndrome in a Japanese working population: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study. Nutrition 2016; 36:26-32. [PMID: 28336104 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence has suggested a protective role of vitamin D on metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, studies addressing this issue are limited in Asia and it remains unclear whether calcium could modify the association. We examined the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status with MetS, and the potential effect modification by calcium intake in a Japanese working population. METHODS Study subjects were 1790 workers, ages 18 to 69 y, who participated in a health survey at the time of periodic checkup. MetS was defined according to the joint interim statement. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by a protein binding assay. Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS An inverse trend was observed between 25(OH)D and MetS. Compared with those with a 25(OH)D of <20 ng/mL, multivariable adjusted OR (95% confidence interval) for MetS was 0.79 (0.55-1.15) and 0.52 (0.25-1.04) for those with a 25(OH)D of 20 to 29 ng/mL and ≥30 ng/mL, respectively (P for trend = 0.051). Similar association was observed in the analysis using quartile categories of 25(OH)D; the OR in the highest quartile of 25(OH)D compared with the lowest quartile was 0.61 (0.36-1.01) (P for trend = 0.046). This association was noted only in older subjects (≥44 y). The inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and MetS was more pronounced in subjects with high calcium intake. The inverse association between 25(OH)D and MetS appears to be linear according to restricted cubic spline regression. There was inverse, but statistically nonsignificant, associations between 25(OH)D and each component of MetS. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that higher circulating vitamin D is associated with decreased likelihood of having MetS among Japanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Eguchi
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kochi
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kashino
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Ito
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsuruoka
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isamu Kabe
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Mohamad MI, El-Sherbeny EE, Bekhet MM. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:399-404. [PMID: 26391639 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1026427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with regard to their glycemic control and lipid profile. METHODS One hundred subjects with T2DM were recruited and given 4500 IU/day of vitamin D for 2 months. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid profile were measured pre- and postsupplementation. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the mean value of 25(OH)D level after supplementation (baseline level 16 ± 5.3 ng/ml vs. after supplement level 49.2 ± 17.7 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Both FBG and HbA1c but not lipid profile were significantly decreased after supplementation. However, the univariate general linear model between 25(OH)D percentiles and lipid profile levels showed that diabetic subjects with high 25(OH)D levels (>61 ng/ml) had significantly lower levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in comparison to those in the low or middle percentiles. Furthermore, participants in a higher percentile had a significantly higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than those in the middle percentile. Lipid profile levels were not affected by the supplement except for triglycerides (TG) levels in females, which were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial to diabetic subjects because it improved glycemic control. Diabetic subjects with high 25(OH)D levels (>61 ng/ml) had better lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enas E El-Sherbeny
- c Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EGYPT; Public Health & Community Medicine Department , Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGYPT
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The Effect of Changing Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations on Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal Analysis of Participants of a Preventive Health Program. Nutrients 2015; 7:7271-84. [PMID: 26343719 PMCID: PMC4586533 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that a poor vitamin D status may increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, which leaves the question whether improving one's vitamin D status may reduce the risk for the syndrome. Here we investigate the effect of temporal changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations on metabolic syndrome among Canadians enrolled in a preventive health program that promotes vitamin D supplementation. We accessed and analyzed data of 6682 volunteer participants with repeated observations on serum 25(OH)D concentrations and metabolic syndrome. We applied logistic regression to quantify the independent contribution of baseline serum 25(OH)D and temporal increases in serum 25(OH)D to the development of metabolic syndrome. In the first year in the program, participants, on average, increased their serum 25(OH)D concentrations by 37 nmol/L. We observed a statistical significant inverse relationship of increases in serum 25(OH)D with risk for metabolic syndrome. Relative to those without improvements, those who improved their serum 25(OH)D concentrations with less 25 nmol/L, 25 to 50 nmol/L, 50 to 75 nmol/L, and more 75 nmol/L had respectively 0.76, 0.64, 0.59, 0.56 times the risk for metabolic syndrome at follow up. These estimates were independent of the effect of baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations on metabolic syndrome. Improvement of vitamin D status may help reduce the public health burden of metabolic syndrome, and potential subsequent health conditions including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Strange RC, Shipman KE, Ramachandran S. Metabolic syndrome: A review of the role of vitamin D in mediating susceptibility and outcome. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:896-911. [PMID: 26185598 PMCID: PMC4499524 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-recognised role of vitamin D in a wide range of physiological processes, hypovitaminosis is common worldwide (prevalence 30%-50%) presumably arising from inadequate exposure to ultraviolet radiation and insufficient consumption. While generally not at the very low levels associated with rickets, hypovitaminosis D has been implicated in various very different, pathophysiological processes. These include putative effects on the pathogenesis of neoplastic change, inflammatory and demyelinating conditions, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. This review focuses on the association between hypovitaminosis D and the metabolic syndrome as well as its component characteristics which are central obesity, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidaemia. We also consider the effects of hypovitaminosis D on outcomes associated with the metabolic syndrome such as CVD, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We structure this review into 3 distinct sections; the metabolic syndrome, vitamin D biochemistry and the putative association between hypovitaminosis D, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk.
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Lonardo A, Ballestri S, Marchesini G, Angulo P, Loria P. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a precursor of the metabolic syndrome. Dig Liver Dis 2015; 47:181-90. [PMID: 25739820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The conventional paradigm of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease representing the "hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome" is outdated. We identified and summarized longitudinal studies that, supporting the association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with either type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome, suggest that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease precedes the development of both conditions. Online Medical databases were searched, relevant articles were identified, their references were further assessed and tabulated data were checked. Although several cross-sectional studies linked nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to either diabetes and other components of the metabolic syndrome, we focused on 28 longitudinal studies which provided evidence for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for the future development of diabetes. Moreover, additional 19 longitudinal reported that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease precedes and is a risk factor for the future development of the metabolic syndrome. Finally, molecular and genetic studies are discussed supporting the view that aetiology of steatosis and lipid intra-hepatocytic compartmentation are a major determinant of whether fatty liver is/is not associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Data support the novel paradigm of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a strong determinant for the development of the metabolic syndrome, which has potentially relevant clinical implications for diagnosing, preventing and treating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- AUSL Modena and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, NOCSAE - Baggiovara, Modena, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ballestri
- AUSL Modena, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Pavullo, Pavullo nel Frignano, Italy
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- "Alma Mater Studiorum" University, Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul Angulo
- University of Kentucky, Division of Digestive Diseases & Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Paola Loria
- AUSL Modena and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, NOCSAE - Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
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Peterson CA, Tosh AK, Belenchia AM. Vitamin D insufficiency and insulin resistance in obese adolescents. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2014; 5:166-89. [PMID: 25489472 PMCID: PMC4257980 DOI: 10.1177/2042018814547205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese adolescents represent a particularly vulnerable group for vitamin D deficiency which appears to have negative consequences on insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Poor vitamin D status is also associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the obese. The biological mechanisms by which vitamin D influences glycemic control in obesity are not well understood, but are thought to involve enhancement of peripheral/hepatic uptake of glucose, attenuation of inflammation and/or regulation of insulin synthesis/secretion by pancreatic β cells. Related to the latter, recent data suggest that the active form of vitamin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, does not impact insulin release in healthy pancreatic islets; instead they require an environmental stressor such as inflammation or vitamin D deficiency to see an effect. To date, a number of observational studies exploring the relationship between the vitamin D status of obese adolescents and markers of glucose homeostasis have been published. Most, although not all, show significant associations between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamn D concentrations and insulin sensitivity/resistance indices. In interpreting the collective findings of these reports, significant considerations surface including the effects of pubertal status, vitamin D status, influence of parathyroid hormone status and the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The few published clinical trials using vitamin D supplementation to improve insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance in obese adolescents have yielded beneficial effects. However, there is a need for more randomized controlled trials. Future investigations should involve larger sample sizes of obese adolescents with documented vitamin D deficiency, and careful selection of the dose, dosing regimen and achievement of target 25-hydroxyvitamn D serum concentrations. These trials should also include clamp-derived measures of in vivo sensitivity and β-cell function to more fully characterize the effects of vitamin D replenishment on insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Peterson
- University of Missouri, Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Aneesh K Tosh
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anthony M Belenchia
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Morales E, Rodriguez A, Valvi D, Iñiguez C, Esplugues A, Vioque J, Marina LS, Jiménez A, Espada M, Dehli CR, Fernández-Somoano A, Vrijheid M, Sunyer J. Deficit of vitamin D in pregnancy and growth and overweight in the offspring. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:61-8. [PMID: 25189178 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal vitamin D status during fetal development may influence offspring growth and risk of obesity; however, evidence in humans is limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentration in pregnancy is associated with offspring prenatal and postnatal growth and overweight. METHODS Plasma 25(OH)D3 concentration was measured in pregnant women (median weeks of gestation 14.0, range 13.0-15.0) from the INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) cohort (Spain, 2003-2008) (n = 2358). Offspring femur length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were evaluated at 12, 20 and 34 weeks of gestation by ultrasound examinations. Fetal overweight was defined either as AC or as EFW ⩾ 90th percentile. Child's anthropometry was recorded at ages 1 and 4 years. Rapid growth was defined as a weight gain z-score of >0.67 from birth to ages 6 months and 1 year. Age- and sex-specific z-scores for body mass index (BMI) were calculated at ages 1 and 4 years (World Health Organization referent); infant's overweight was defined as a BMI z-score ⩾ 85th percentile. RESULTS We found no association of maternal 25(OH)D3 concentration with FL and a weak inverse association with BPD at 34 weeks. Maternal deficit of 25(OH)D3 (<20 ng ml(-1)) was associated with increased risk of fetal overweight defined as AC ⩾ 90th percentile (odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.21; P = 0.041) or either as EFW ⩾ 90th percentile (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.00-2.16; P = 0.046). No significant associations were found with rapid growth. Deficit of 25(OH)D3 in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of overweight in offspring at age 1 year (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.02-1.97; P = 0.039); however, the association was attenuated at age 4 years (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.83-1.72; P = 0.341). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy may increase the risk of prenatal and early postnatal overweight in offspring. Clinical trials are warranted to determine the role of vitamin D in the early origins of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Morales
- 1] Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [2] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [3] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [4] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez
- 1] Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Institut Universitari ParcTaulí-UAB, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus d'Excelència Internacional Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D Valvi
- 1] Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [3] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Iñiguez
- 1] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain [2] Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - A Esplugues
- 1] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain [2] Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - J Vioque
- 1] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain [2] Departamento de Salud Publica, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
| | - L S Marina
- 1] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain [2] Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain [3] Health Research Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - A Jiménez
- 1] Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain [2] Health Research Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - M Espada
- Clinical Chemistry Unit, Public Health Laboratory of Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - C R Dehli
- Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Somoano
- 1] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain [2] Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Vrijheid
- 1] Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [3] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Sunyer
- 1] Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [2] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [3] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [4] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with lifestyle factors and metabolic and cardiovascular disease markers: population-based cross-sectional study (FIN-D2D). PLoS One 2014; 9:e100235. [PMID: 25000408 PMCID: PMC4085035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level has been associated with an increased risk of several chronic diseases. Our aim was to determine lifestyle and clinical factors that are associated with 25OHD level and to investigate connection of 25OHD level with metabolic and cardiovascular disease markers. Design In total, 2868 Finnish men and women aged 45–74 years participated in FIN-D2D population-based health survey in 2007. Participants that had a serum sample available (98.4%; n = 2822) were included in this study. 25OHD was measured with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method. Results The mean 25OHD level was 58.2 nmol/l in men (n = 1348) and 57.1 nmol/l in women (n = 1474). Mean 25OHD level was lower in the younger age groups than in the older ones (p<0.0001 both in men and women). This study confirmed that low physical activity (p<0.0001 both in men and women), smoking (p = 0.0002 in men and p = 0.03 in women) and high BMI (p<0.0001 in women) are factors that independently associate with low 25OHD level. Of the metabolic and cardiovascular disease markers high triglyceride concentration (p = 0.02 in men and p = 0.001 in women) and high apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (p = 0.04 in men and p = 0.03 in women) were independently associated with low 25OHD level. Conclusions Higher age did not predict lower 25OHD level in this study population of aged 45–74 years which may derive from a healthy life-style of “active pensioners”. Low physical activity and smoking came up as independent lifestyle factors associated with low 25OHD level. Defining the molecular mechanisms behind the associations of 25OHD with low physical activity and smoking are important objective in future studies. The association of 25OHD with BMI, high triglyceride concentration and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio may be related to the role of vitamin D in inflammation, but more detailed studies are needed.
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Effects of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms on the risk of schizophrenia and metabolic changes caused by risperidone treatment. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:806-7. [PMID: 24418047 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bardini G, Giannini S, Romano D, Rotella CM, Mannucci E. Lipid accumulation product and 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency in type 2 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2014; 10:243-51. [PMID: 24841878 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2013.10.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data suggest a link between vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and visceral adiposity. The lipid accumulation product (LAP), strictly correlated with abdominal fat depots, is proposed as marker of dysfunctional adiposity. AIM To verify the association between 25(OH)D levels and LAP in T2D. METHODS Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, HbA1c, lipids, and 25(OH)D were assessed in 420 T2D outpatients and in 150 non-diabetic obese with similar anthropometric characteristics. LAP was computed as the product of sex-specific enlarged WC and triglycerides (TG). RESULTS In T2D patients, 63.0% showed 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) vs. 71.3% in the obese control group. Overweight males showed a higher prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (60.3%) than women (48.8%, p < 0.001), while in obese patients this prevalence was not significant. In both genders, 25(OH)D was not significantly associated with HbA1c and fasting glucose. Age-adjusted 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with BMI (p < 0.001), WC (p < 0.001), and LAP (p < 0.001) in both genders. Metabolic syndrome presented an odds ratio (OR) for 25(OH)D deficiency of 1.6 (1.1-2.5, p = 0.048) in females and 1.7 (1.2-2.7, p = 0.016) in males, while the highest quartile of LAP showed an OR of 2.1 (1.2-3.6, p = 0.019) in females and 3.2 (1.6-6.5, p = 0.02) in males. A similar trend was observed in the obese control group. CONCLUSIONS In the presence of excess weight, subjects with and without T2D frequently feature low 25(OH)D levels. Subjects with higher LAP exhibit a high risk of 25(OH)D deficiency, suggesting that dysfunctional adiposity is a worsening factor for vitamin D hypovitaminosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bardini
- Obesity Agency, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Florence and Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannini
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Florence and Careggi University Hospital, Italy
| | - Desiderio Romano
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Florence and Careggi University Hospital, Italy
| | - Carlo M Rotella
- Obesity Agency, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Florence and Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Bouillon R, Carmeliet G, Lieben L, Watanabe M, Perino A, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K, Verstuyf A. Vitamin D and energy homeostasis: of mice and men. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:79-87. [PMID: 24247221 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D endocrine system has many extraskeletal targets, including adipose tissue. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃, the active form of vitamin D, not only increases adipogenesis and the expression of typical adipocyte genes but also decreases the expression of uncoupling proteins. Mice with disrupted vitamin D action--owing to gene deletion of the nuclear receptor vitamin D receptor (Vdr) or the gene encoding 1α-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1)--lose fat mass over time owing to an increase in energy expenditure, whereas mice with increased Vdr-mediated signalling in adipose tissue become obese. The resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice with disrupted Vdr signalling is caused at least partially by increased expression of uncoupling proteins in white adipose tissue. However, the bile acid pool is also increased in these animals, and bile acids are known to be potent inducers of energy expenditure through activation of several nuclear receptors, including Vdr, and G-protein-coupled receptors, such as GPBAR1 (also known as TGR5). By contrast, in humans, obesity is strongly associated with poor vitamin D status. A causal link has not been firmly proven, but most intervention studies have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. The reasons for the major discrepancy between mouse and human data are unclear, but understanding the link between vitamin D status and energy homeostasis could potentially be very important for the human epidemic of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Lieben
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mitsuhiro Watanabe
- Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo Fujisawa-shi, 252-0882 Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, AI 1149, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, AI 1149, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, AI 1149, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Athanassiou P, Gkountouvas A, Kaldrymides P. Vitamin D and glycemic control in diabetes mellitus type 2. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2013; 4:122-8. [PMID: 23997931 PMCID: PMC3755528 DOI: 10.1177/2042018813501189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The extraskeletal effects of vitamin D have attracted considerable interest. Vitamin D deficiency appears to be related to the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 and the metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D may affect glucose homeostasis, vitamin D levels having been found to be inversely related to glycosylated hemoglobin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. In addition, vitamin D appears to protect from the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim was to study levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and the relationship between 25(OH)D3 levels and glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. METHODS Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 25(OH)D3 levels were measured in a group of 120 diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. The same measurements were performed in a group of 120 control subjects of the same age and sex. 25(OH)D3 was measured by radioimmunoassay and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS 25(OH)D3 levels were lower in the diabetes mellitus type 2 patients than in the control group, being 19.26 ± 0.95 ng/ml and 25.49 ± 1.02 ng/ml, in the patient and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001, Student's t-test). 25(OH)D3 levels were found to be inversely associated with HbA1c levels in the diabetic patients (p = 0.008, r (2) = 0.058, linear regression). 25(OH)D3 levels were found to be inversely associated with HbA1c when the patient and control groups were analysed together (p < 0.001, r (2) = 0.086). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D levels appeared to be lower in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients than in the control group, vitamin D levels being related to glycemic control in diabetes mellitus type 2. These findings may have therapeutic implications as cautious vitamin D supplementation may improve glycemic control in diabetes mellitus type 2.
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