1
|
Summers J, Baribeau D, Perlman P, Hoang N, Cui S, Krakowski A, Ambrozewicz P, Ho A, Selvanayagam T, Sándor-Bajusz KA, Palad K, Patel N, McGaughey S, Gallagher L, Scherer SW, Szatmari P, Vorstman J. An integrated clinical approach to children at genetic risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions: interdisciplinary collaboration and research infrastructure. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:37. [PMID: 38970057 PMCID: PMC11229023 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sizeable proportion of pathogenic genetic variants identified in young children tested for congenital differences are associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders (NPD). In this growing group, a genetic diagnosis often precedes the emergence of diagnosable developmental concerns. Here, we describe DAGSY (Developmental Assessment of Genetically Susceptible Youth), a novel interdisciplinary 'genetic-diagnosis-first' clinic integrating psychiatric, psychological and genetic expertise, and report our first observations and feedback from families and referring clinicians. METHODS We retrieved data on referral sources and indications, genetic and NPD diagnoses and recommendations for children seen at DAGSY between 2018 and 2022. Through a survey, we obtained feedback from twenty families and eleven referring clinicians. RESULTS 159 children (mean age 10.2 years, 57.2% males) completed an interdisciplinary (psychiatry, psychology, genetic counselling) DAGSY assessment during this period. Of these, 69.8% had a pathogenic microdeletion or microduplication, 21.5% a sequence-level variant, 4.4% a chromosomal disorder, and 4.4% a variant of unknown significance with emerging evidence of pathogenicity. One in four children did not have a prior NPD diagnosis, and referral to DAGSY was motivated by their genetic vulnerability alone. Following assessment, 76.7% received at least one new NPD diagnosis, most frequently intellectual disability (24.5%), anxiety (20.7%), autism spectrum (18.9%) and specific learning (16.4%) disorder. Both families and clinicians responding to our survey expressed satisfaction, but also highlighted some areas for potential improvement. CONCLUSIONS DAGSY addresses an unmet clinical need for children identified with genetic variants that confer increased vulnerability for NPD and provides a crucial platform for research in this area. DAGSY can serve as a model for interdisciplinary clinics integrating child psychiatry, psychology and genetics, addressing both clinical and research needs for this emerging population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Summers
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Baribeau
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Polina Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ny Hoang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sunny Cui
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aneta Krakowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Ambrozewicz
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Ho
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thanuja Selvanayagam
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kinga A Sándor-Bajusz
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina Palad
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nishi Patel
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah McGaughey
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street Room 12.9702, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Csoka AB, El Kouhen N, Bennani S, Getachew B, Aschner M, Tizabi Y. Roles of Epigenetics and Glial Cells in Drug-Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biomolecules 2024; 14:437. [PMID: 38672454 PMCID: PMC11048423 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe deficits in social communication and interaction, repetitive movements, abnormal focusing on objects, or activity that can significantly affect the quality of life of the afflicted. Neuronal and glial cells have been implicated. It has a genetic component but can also be triggered by environmental factors or drugs. For example, prenatal exposure to valproic acid or acetaminophen, or ingestion of propionic acid, can increase the risk of ASD. Recently, epigenetic influences on ASD have come to the forefront of investigations on the etiology, prevention, and treatment of this disorder. Epigenetics refers to DNA modifications that alter gene expression without making any changes to the DNA sequence. Although an increasing number of pharmaceuticals and environmental chemicals are being implicated in the etiology of ASD, here, we specifically focus on the molecular influences of the abovementioned chemicals on epigenetic alterations in neuronal and glial cells and their potential connection to ASD. We conclude that a better understanding of these phenomena can lead to more effective interventions in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonei B. Csoka
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Nacer El Kouhen
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20100, Morocco
| | - Samia Bennani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20100, Morocco
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Isogami H, Murata T, Imaizumi K, Fukuda T, Kanno A, Kyozuka H, Yasuda S, Yamaguchi A, Sato A, Ogata Y, Horiuchi S, Shinohara R, Shinoki K, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, Yamagata Z, Hashimoto K, Fujimori K, Nishigori H. Association of Preconception or Antepartum Maternal Intimate Partner Violence with Autism Spectrum Disorder in 3-Year-Old Offspring: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:80-89. [PMID: 38019576 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We investigated the association between maternal antepartum intimate partner violence (IPV) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 3-year-old offspring. Materials and Methods: Secondary analysis of the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide prospective birth-cohort study, for preconceptional and antepartum psychological/physical IPV against mothers was undertaken based on data obtained from a maternal self-report questionnaire. Subgroup analysis by four-level IPV frequency versus no IPV was conducted, and the incidence of ASD diagnosed during ages 2-3 years was estimated using self-reported questionnaire data of participants from when the child was 3 years old. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association of preconceptional/antepartum IPV with ASD in 3-year-old offspring. Results: Among 79,324 offspring, 355 (0.45%) had ASD; preconceptionally and prenatally, 1,504 (1.9%) and 839 (1.1%) mothers were exposed to physical IPV whereas 9,162 (11.6%) and 10,240 (12.9%) mothers were exposed to psychological IPV, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed a significant association of preconceptional physical IPV with ASD in offspring (adjusted odds ratio, 3.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-8.31), but not for antepartum physical IPV and preconceptional and antepartum psychological IPV. Conclusion: Preconceptional, but not antepartum, physical IPV was associated with ASD in 3-year-old offspring. Preconceptional and antepartum psychological IPV was unassociated with ASD in 3-year-old offspring. Preconceptional care through prevention of preconceptional physical IPV is important for neurodevelopment in offspring, and the mechanisms underlying the effects of IPV among nonpregnant individuals on ASD development in offspring should be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Isogami
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shirakawa Kosei General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Karin Imaizumi
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toma Fukuda
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Aya Kanno
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hyo Kyozuka
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ota Nishinouchi Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shun Yasuda
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamaguchi
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Ogata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kosei Shinoki
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashimoto
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishigori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shin KC, Ali G, Ali Moussa HY, Gupta V, de la Fuente A, Kim HG, Stanton LW, Park Y. Deletion of TRPC6, an Autism Risk Gene, Induces Hyperexcitability in Cortical Neurons Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7297-7308. [PMID: 37552395 PMCID: PMC10657791 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder linked to numerous rare, inherited, and arising de novo genetic variants. ASD often co-occurs with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy, which are associated with hyperexcitability of neurons. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying hyperexcitability in ASD remain poorly understood. Transient receptor potential canonical-6 (TRPC6) is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that regulates store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and is a candidate risk gene for ASD. Using human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cortical neurons, single-cell calcium imaging, and electrophysiological recording, we show that TRPC6 knockout (KO) reduces SOCE signaling and leads to hyperexcitability of neurons by increasing action potential frequency and network burst frequency. Our data provide evidence that reduction of SOCE by TRPC6 KO results in neuronal hyperexcitability, which we hypothesize is an important contributor to the cellular pathophysiology underlying hyperactivity in some ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chul Shin
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gowher Ali
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Houda Yasmine Ali Moussa
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alberto de la Fuente
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lawrence W Stanton
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Yongsoo Park
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kereszturi É. Diversity and Classification of Genetic Variations in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16768. [PMID: 38069091 PMCID: PMC10706722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with symptoms that affect the whole personality and all aspects of life. Although there is a high degree of heterogeneity in both its etiology and its characteristic behavioral patterns, the disorder is well-captured along the autistic triad. Currently, ASD status can be confirmed following an assessment of behavioral features, but there is a growing emphasis on conceptualizing autism as a spectrum, which allows for establishing a diagnosis based on the level of support need, free of discrete categories. Since ASD has a high genetic predominance, the number of genetic variations identified in the background of the condition is increasing exponentially as genetic testing methods are rapidly evolving. However, due to the huge amount of data to be analyzed, grouping the different DNA variations is still challenging. Therefore, in the present review, a multidimensional classification scheme was developed to accommodate most of the currently known genetic variants associated with autism. Genetic variations have been grouped according to six criteria (extent, time of onset, information content, frequency, number of genes involved, inheritance pattern), which are themselves not discrete categories, but form a coherent continuum in line with the autism spectrum approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Kereszturi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yasuda Y, Matsumoto J, Miura K, Hasegawa N, Hashimoto R. Genetics of autism spectrum disorders and future direction. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:193-197. [PMID: 36038624 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been increasing in prevalence. ASD is a complex human genetic disorder with high heredity and involves interactions between genes and the environment. A significant inheritance pattern in ASD involves a rare genetic mutation; common copy number variants refer to duplication or deletion of stretches of chromosomal loci or protein-disrupting single-nucleotide variants. Haploinsufficiency is one of the more common single-gene causes of ASD, explaining at least 0.5% of cases. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, act at an interface of genetic and environmental risk and protective factors. Advances in genome-wide sequencing have broadened the view of the human methylome and have revealed the organization of the human genome into large-scale methylation domains with a footprint over neurologically important genes involved in embryonic development. Psychiatric disorders, including ASD, are expected to be diagnosed based on their genetically regulated pathophysiology and to be linked to their treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yasuda
- Life Grow Blliliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khoja S, Haile MT, Chen LY. Advances in neurexin studies and the emerging role of neurexin-2 in autism spectrum disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1125087. [PMID: 36923655 PMCID: PMC10009110 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1125087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 3 decades, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased globally from 20 to 28 million cases making ASD the fastest-growing developmental disability in the world. Neurexins are a family of presynaptic cell adhesion molecules that have been increasingly implicated in ASD, as evidenced by genetic mutations in the clinical population. Neurexins function as context-dependent specifiers of synapse properties and critical modulators in maintaining the balance between excitatory and inhibitory transmission (E/I balance). Disrupted E/I balance has long been established as a hallmark of ASD making neurexins excellent starting points for understanding the etiology of ASD. Herein we review neurexin mutations that have been discovered in ASD patients. Further, we discuss distinct synaptic mechanisms underlying the aberrant neurotransmission and behavioral deficits observed in different neurexin mouse models, with focus on recent discoveries from the previously overlooked neurexin-2 gene (Nrxn2 in mice and NRXN2 in humans). Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a summary of new synaptic insights into the molecular underpinnings of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lulu Y. Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Regulation of Neurodevelopment by miR-124. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3569-3583. [PMID: 36840845 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
miR-124 is a miRNA predominantly expressed in the nervous system and accounts for more than a quarter of the total miRNAs in the brain. It regulates neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, neuronal maturation, and synapse formation and is the most important miRNA in the brain. Furthermore, emerging evidence has suggested miR-124 may be associated with the pathogenesis of various neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we provide an overview of the role of miR-124 in neurodevelopment and the underling mechanisms, and finally, we prospect the significance of miR-124 research to the field of neuroscience.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ryan NM, Heron EA. Evidence for parent-of-origin effects in autism spectrum disorder: a narrative review. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:303-317. [PMID: 36710277 PMCID: PMC10076404 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders known to be highly heritable with a complex genetic architecture. Abnormal brain developmental trajectories that impact synaptic functioning, excitation-inhibition balance and brain connectivity are now understood to play a central role in ASD. Ongoing efforts to identify the genetic underpinnings still prove challenging, in part due to phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity.This review focuses on parent-of-origin effects (POEs), where the phenotypic effect of an allele depends on its parental origin. POEs include genomic imprinting, transgenerational effects, mitochondrial DNA, sex chromosomes and mutational transmission bias. The motivation for investigating these mechanisms in ASD has been driven by their known impacts on early brain development and brain functioning, in particular for the most well-documented POE, genomic imprinting. Moreover, imprinting is implicated in syndromes such as Angelman and Prader-Willi, which frequently share comorbid symptoms with ASD. In addition to other regions in the genome, this comprehensive review highlights the 15q11-q13 and 7q chromosomal regions as well as the mitochondrial DNA as harbouring the majority of currently identified POEs in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M Ryan
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth A Heron
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pan N, Auyeung B, Wang X, Lin LZ, Li HL, Zhan XL, Jin CK, Jing J, Li XH. Empathizing, systemizing, empathizing-systemizing difference and their association with autistic traits in children with autism spectrum disorder, with and without intellectual disability. Autism Res 2022; 15:1348-1357. [PMID: 35719032 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Empathizing, systemizing, and empathizing-systemizing difference can be linked to autistic traits in the general adult population and those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but these profiles and associations remain unclear in children with ASD, with and without intellectual disability (ASD + ID; ASD-noID). We recruited three groups including 160 boys with ASD (73 ASD + ID; 87 ASD-noID) and 99 typically developing (TD) boys (6-12 years). We measured empathizing, systemizing, and empathizing-systemizing difference using the parent-reported child Empathy and Systemizing Quotient (EQ-C/SQ-C). We measured autistic traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Among the three groups, children with ASD + ID and ASD-noID scored lower on the EQ-C and SQ-C than TD children (all p < 0.001). There was no difference in the EQ-C between children with ASD + ID and ASD-noID (16.59 ± 5.53 vs. 16.23 ± 5.85, p = 0.973), and the difference in the SQ-C attenuated to null when adjusting for intelligence between children with ASD-noID and TD children (18.89 ± 7.80 vs. 24.15 ± 6.73, p = 0.089). Children with ASD + ID scored higher on empathizing-systemizing difference than TD children but lower than children with ASD-noID (all p < 0.05). Negative associations between EQ-C and all autistic traits, null associations between SQ-C and all autistic traits, and positive associations between empathizing-systemizing difference and all autistic traits were found in all groups. We observed differences in empathizing, systemizing, and empathizing-systemizing difference and the consistency of their associations with autistic traits among the three groups. Our findings provide implication that behavioral interventions of ASD should consider the balance of empathizing and systemizing. LAY SUMMARY: We examined the profiles of empathizing, systemizing, and empathizing-systemizing difference in children with autism spectrum disorder, with and without intellectual disability (ASD + ID; ASD-noID), and typically developing (TD) children aged 6-12 years. We observed differences in these profiles and the consistency of their associations with autistic traits among the three groups. Empathizing and empathizing-systemizing difference, rather than systemizing, were associated with autistic traits within the three groups. Our findings provide implication that behavioral interventions of ASD should consider these imbalance profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Lin Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Kai Jin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A Next Generation Sequencing-Based Protocol for Screening of Variants of Concern in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010010. [PMID: 35011571 PMCID: PMC8750892 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with strong genetic influences. There is an increasing demand for ASD genetic testing beyond the traditionally recommended microarray and syndromic autism testing; however, the current whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) methods are lacking an academic standard for WGS variant annotation, reporting, and interpretation, tailored towards patients with ASD and offer very limited interpretation for clinical significance. Using WGS data from six family trios, we demonstrate the clinical feasibility and technical implementation of an evidence-based, fully transparent bioinformatics pipeline and report framework for an ASD-focused WGS genetic report. We confirmed a portion of the key variants with Sanger sequencing and provided interpretation with consideration of patients’ clinical symptoms and detailed literature review. Furthermore, we showed that identification of the genetic contributions of ASD core symptoms and comorbidities may promote a better understanding of the ASD pathophysiology, lead to early detection of associated comorbidities, and facilitate pharmacologic intervention based on pathological pathways inferred from the genetic information. We will make the bioinformatics pipeline and interpretation framework publicly available, in an easily accessible format, after validation with a larger cohort. We hope that the present proposed protocol can serve as a starting point to invite discourse and debate to further improve approaches in WGS-based genetic consultation for patients with ASD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Özaslan A, Kayhan G, İşeri E, Ergün MA, Güney E, Perçin FE. Identification of copy number variants in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a study from Turkey. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7371-7378. [PMID: 34637094 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variants (CNVs) play a key role in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, recent guidelines recommend chromosomal microarrays (CMAs) as first-tier genetic tests. This study's first aim was to determine the clinical usefulness of CMAs in children diagnosed with ASD in a Turkish population. The second aim was to describe the CNVs and clinical phenotypes of children with ASD. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the medical records of children with ASD followed at Gazi University Hospital, (Ankara, Turkey). The sample consisted of 47 ASD cases (mean age: 60.34 ± 25.60 months; 82.9% boys). The diagnostic yield of the CMAs was 8.5%. Four pathogenic CNVs were identified: 9p24.3p24.2 deletion, 15q11-q13 duplication, 16p11.2 deletion, and 22q13.3 deletion. Also, four variants were found at 2q36.3, 10p11.21, 15q11.2, and Xp11.22, which were classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). CONCLUSIONS The TRAP12 and PARD3 genes in CNVs classified as VUS may be worth investigating for autism. The initial identification of both clinical and biological markers can facilitate monitoring, early intervention, or prevention and advance our understanding of the neurobiology underlying ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Özaslan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Emniyet Mahallesi, Bandırma Caddesi No. 6/1, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gülsüm Kayhan
- Medical Genetics Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elvan İşeri
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Emniyet Mahallesi, Bandırma Caddesi No. 6/1, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Ergün
- Medical Genetics Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Güney
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Emniyet Mahallesi, Bandırma Caddesi No. 6/1, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferda Emriye Perçin
- Medical Genetics Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Havdahl A, Niarchou M, Starnawska A, Uddin M, van der Merwe C, Warrier V. Genetic contributions to autism spectrum disorder. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2260-2273. [PMID: 33634770 PMCID: PMC8477228 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (autism) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by early childhood-onset impairments in communication and social interaction alongside restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests. This review summarizes recent developments in human genetics research in autism, complemented by epigenetic and transcriptomic findings. The clinical heterogeneity of autism is mirrored by a complex genetic architecture involving several types of common and rare variants, ranging from point mutations to large copy number variants, and either inherited or spontaneous (de novo). More than 100 risk genes have been implicated by rare, often de novo, potentially damaging mutations in highly constrained genes. These account for substantial individual risk but a small proportion of the population risk. In contrast, most of the genetic risk is attributable to common inherited variants acting en masse, each individually with small effects. Studies have identified a handful of robustly associated common variants. Different risk genes converge on the same mechanisms, such as gene regulation and synaptic connectivity. These mechanisms are also implicated by genes that are epigenetically and transcriptionally dysregulated in autism. Major challenges to understanding the biological mechanisms include substantial phenotypic heterogeneity, large locus heterogeneity, variable penetrance, and widespread pleiotropy. Considerable increases in sample sizes are needed to better understand the hundreds or thousands of common and rare genetic variants involved. Future research should integrate common and rare variant research, multi-omics data including genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics, and refined phenotype assessment with multidimensional and longitudinal measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Havdahl
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Niarchou
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
| | - A. Starnawska
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Center for Genomics for Personalized Medicine, CGPM, and Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M. Uddin
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - C. van der Merwe
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, MA, USA
| | - V. Warrier
- Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Veselinović A, Petrović S, Žikić V, Subotić M, Jakovljević V, Jeremić N, Vučić V. Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57090893. [PMID: 34577816 PMCID: PMC8464922 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. The maternal status of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) regulates microglial activity and neuroinflammatory pathways during a child's brain development. In children with ASD, the metabolism of PUFA is thought to be deficient or abnormal, leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, increased oxidative stress and an imbalance in the formation and action of neurotransmitters. In addition, nutritional deficits in omega-3 PUFA may affect gut microbiota and contribute to ASD by the gut-brain axis. The aim of this study was to review the possible role of neuroinflammation in ASD development and the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in children with ASD. Due to a wide heterogeneity across RCTs, no definitive conclusion about omega-3 PUFA effects in ASD can be drawn. Supplementation with PUFA could be considered as one of the aspects in regulating the biological status of the organism and could provide added value to standard medical and psychological interventions for reducing behavioral deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Veselinović
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Centre”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Ž.); (M.S.)
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-3208-552; Fax: +381-11-2624-168
| | - Snježana Petrović
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Vladica Žikić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Centre”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Ž.); (M.S.)
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miško Subotić
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Centre”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Ž.); (M.S.)
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nevena Jeremić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Vučić
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.P.); (V.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ustinova NV, Namazova-Baranova LS. Role of Pediatrician in Early Risk Evaluation, Diagnosis and Management of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. CURRENT PEDIATRICS 2021. [DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v20i2.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The article discusses recent ideas about autism: classification approaches, incidence, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, comorbid medical conditions, early detection approaches and medical care for children with autism spectrum disorders. The focus is on the information needed for pediatricians in their practice to provide effective medical care for children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya V. Ustinova
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children's Health in Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents n.a. G.E. Sukhareva
| | - Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children's Health in Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jangjoo M, Goodman SJ, Choufani S, Trost B, Scherer SW, Kelley E, Ayub M, Nicolson R, Georgiades S, Crosbie J, Schachar R, Anagnostou E, Grunebaum E, Weksberg R. An Epigenetically Distinct Subset of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Resulting From Differences in Blood Cell Composition. Front Neurol 2021; 12:612817. [PMID: 33935932 PMCID: PMC8085304 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.612817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that often involves impaired cognition, communication difficulties and restrictive, repetitive behaviors. ASD is extremely heterogeneous both clinically and etiologically, which represents one of the greatest challenges in studying the molecular underpinnings of ASD. While hundreds of ASD-associated genes have been identified that confer varying degrees of risk, no single gene variant accounts for >1% of ASD cases. Notably, a large number of ASD-risk genes function as epigenetic regulators, indicating potential epigenetic dysregulation in ASD. As such, we compared genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) in the blood of children with ASD (n = 265) to samples from age- and sex-matched, neurotypical controls (n = 122) using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 arrays. Results: While DNAm patterns did not distinctly separate ASD cases from controls, our analysis identified an epigenetically unique subset of ASD cases (n = 32); these individuals exhibited significant differential methylation from both controls than the remaining ASD cases. The CpG sites at which this subset was differentially methylated mapped to known ASD risk genes that encode proteins of the nervous and immune systems. Moreover, the observed DNAm differences were attributable to altered blood cell composition, i.e., lower granulocyte proportion and granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in the ASD subset, as compared to the remaining ASD cases and controls. This ASD subset did not differ from the rest of the ASD cases in the frequency or type of high-risk genomic variants. Conclusion: Within our ASD cohort, we identified a subset of individuals that exhibit differential methylation from both controls and the remaining ASD group tightly associated with shifts in immune cell type proportions. This is an important feature that should be assessed in all epigenetic studies of blood cells in ASD. This finding also builds on past reports of changes in the immune systems of children with ASD, supporting the potential role of altered immunological mechanisms in the complex pathophysiology of ASD. The discovery of significant molecular and immunological features in subgroups of individuals with ASD may allow clinicians to better stratify patients, facilitating personalized interventions and improved outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jangjoo
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah J. Goodman
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brett Trost
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eyal Grunebaum
- Institute of Medical Science, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ünsel Bolat G, Bolat H. The Role of Copy Number Variations and FHIT Gene on Phenotypic Characteristics of Cases Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mol Syndromol 2020; 12:12-19. [PMID: 33776622 DOI: 10.1159/000512171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) have been implied in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and microarray-based techniques are performed as a first-step genetic test. Our aim was to present clinical features and CNV profiles of patients with ASD and their parents. Array-CGH was applied to detect CNVs. Previously as likely pathogenic reported duplications were detected at 16p13.11 and 11p15.2p15.1. Other variants were found in 16p11.2p11.1, 3p14.2, 15q11.2, 10q11.22, 3p26.3, 4q13.3, 22q13.32q13.33, and 1q44 and were classified as variants of unknown significance. Deletion of the FHIT gene was associated with the regression of language and social skills without mental impairment. Paternal inheritance of difficulty in social skills and the FHIT gene was documented. In addition, varying olfactory receptor family genes were implicated in de novo and hereditary CNVs. In this study, we aimed to present the clinical characteristics of the cases and parents in more detail, especially in pathogenic CNV cases, which enables us to increase our knowledge on inherited CNVs and genotype-phenotype correlation. We suggest that both genetic and psychiatric evaluation of the parents of the cases is important for better understanding the clinical relevance of the CNV results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gül Ünsel Bolat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Balıkesir University School of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Bolat
- Department of Medical Genetics, Balıkesir Atatürk City Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Wagner KE, McCormick JB, Barns S, Carney M, Middleton FA, Hicks SD. Parent Perspectives Towards Genetic and Epigenetic Testing for Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:3114-3125. [PMID: 30903561 PMCID: PMC6755071 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-03990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Examining community views on genetic/epigenetic research allows collaborative technology development. Parent perspectives toward genetic/epigenetic testing for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not well-studied. Parents of children with ASD (n = 131), non-ASD developmental delay (n = 39), and typical development (n = 74) completed surveys assessing genetic/epigenetic knowledge, genetic/epigenetic concerns, motives for research participation, and attitudes/preferences toward ASD testing. Most parents (96%) were interested in saliva-based molecular testing for ASD. Some had concerns about privacy (14%) and insurance-status (10%). None (0%) doubted scientific evidence behind genetic/epigenetic testing. Most reported familiarity with genetics (88%), but few understood differences from epigenetics (19%). Child developmental status impacted insurance concerns (p = 0.01). There is broad parent interest in a genetic/epigenetic test for ASD. It will be crucial to carefully consider and address bioethical issues surrounding this sensitive topic while developing such technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E Wagner
- Quadrant Biosciences Inc., Syracuse, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience & Physiology, Psychiatry, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pediatrics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Jennifer B McCormick
- Department of Humanities, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Mail Code H134, Hershey, USA
| | - Sarah Barns
- Quadrant Biosciences Inc., Syracuse, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience & Physiology, Psychiatry, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pediatrics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Molly Carney
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code HS83, Hershey, USA
| | - Frank A Middleton
- Departments of Neuroscience & Physiology, Psychiatry, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pediatrics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Steven D Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code HS83, Hershey, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pauly R, Ziats CA, Abenavoli L, Schwartz CE, Boccuto L. New Strategies for Clinical Trials in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2020; 16:131-137. [PMID: 33222679 DOI: 10.2174/1574887115666201120093634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that poses several challenges in terms of clinical diagnosis and investigation of molecular etiology. The lack of knowledge on the pathogenic mechanisms underlying ASD has hampered the clinical trials that so far have tried to target ASD behavioral symptoms. In order to improve our understanding of the molecular abnormalities associated with ASD, a deeper and more extensive genetic profiling of targeted individuals with ASD was needed. METHODS The recent availability of new and more powerful sequencing technologies (third-generation sequencing) has allowed to develop novel strategies for the characterization of comprehensive genetic profiles of individuals with ASD. In particular, this review will describe integrated approaches based on the combination of various omics technologies that will lead to a better stratification of targeted cohorts for the design of clinical trials in ASD. RESULTS In order to analyze the big data collected by assays such as the whole genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome, it is critical to develop an efficient computational infrastructure. Machine learning models are instrumental to identify non-linear relationships between the omics technologies and, therefore, establish a functional informative network among the different data sources. CONCLUSION The potential advantage provided by these new integrated omics-based strategies is better characterization of the genetic background of ASD cohorts, to identify novel molecular targets for drug development, and ultimately offer a more personalized approach in the design of clinical trials for ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rini Pauly
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, United States
| | | | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Boccuto
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Identification of a β-Arrestin 2 Mutation Related to Autism by Whole-Exome Sequencing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8872577. [PMID: 33204724 PMCID: PMC7661115 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8872577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological disease characterized by impaired social communication and interaction skills, rigid behavior, decreased interest, and repetitive activities. The disease has a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic cause of ASD in many autistic individuals is currently unclear. In this study, we report a patient with ASD whose clinical features included social interaction disorder, communication disorder, and repetitive behavior. We examined the patient's genetic variation using whole-exome sequencing technology and found new de novo mutations. After analysis and evaluation, ARRB2 was identified as a candidate gene. To study the potential contribution of the ARRB2 gene to the human brain development and function, we first evaluated the expression profile of this gene in different brain regions and developmental stages. Then, we used weighted gene coexpression network analysis to analyze the associations between ARRB2 and ASD risk genes. Additionally, the spatial conformation and stability of the ARRB2 wild type and mutant proteins were examined by simulations. Then, we further established a mouse model of ASD. The results showed abnormal ARRB2 expression in the mouse ASD model. Our study showed that ARRB2 may be a risk gene for ASD, but the contribution of de novo ARRB2 mutations to ASD is unclear. This information will provide references for the etiology of ASD and aid in the mechanism-based drug development and treatment.
Collapse
|
22
|
Brain Magnetic Resonance Findings in 117 Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder under 5 Years Old. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100741. [PMID: 33081247 PMCID: PMC7602717 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the potential benefits of neuroimaging measurements across the first 5 years of life in detecting early comorbid or etiological signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In particular, we analyzed the prevalence of neuroradiologic findings in routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of a group of 117 ASD children younger than 5 years old. These data were compared to those reported in typically developing (TD) children. MRI findings in children with ASD were analyzed in relation to their cognitive level, severity of autistic symptoms, and the presence of electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities. The MRI was rated abnormal in 55% of children with ASD with a significant prevalence in the high-functioning subgroup compared to TD children. We report significant incidental findings of mega cisterna magna, ventricular anomalies and abnormal white matter signal intensity in ASD without significant associations between these MRI findings and EEG features. Based on these results we discuss the role that brain MRI may play in the diagnostic procedure of ASD.
Collapse
|
23
|
Brain-Enriched Coding and Long Non-coding RNA Genes Are Overrepresented in Recurrent Neurodevelopmental Disorder CNVs. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108307. [PMID: 33113368 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with substantial phenotypic and etiological heterogeneity. Although 10%-20% of ASD cases are attributable to copy number variation (CNV), causative genomic loci and constituent genes remain unclarified. We have developed SNATCNV, a tool that outperforms existing tools, to identify 47 recurrent ASD CNV regions from 19,663 cases and 6,479 controls documented in the AutDB database. Analysis of ASD CNV gene content using FANTOM5 shows that constituent coding genes and long non-coding RNAs have brain-enriched patterns of expression. Notably, such enrichment is not observed for regions identified by using other tools. We also find evidence of sexual dimorphism, one locus uniquely comprising a single lncRNA gene, and correlation of CNVs to distinct clinical and behavioral traits. Finally, we analyze a large dataset for schizophrenia to further demonstrate that SNATCNV is an effective, publicly available tool to define genomic loci and causative genes for multiple CNV-associated conditions.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yusuf A, Peltekova I, Savion‐Lemieux T, Frei J, Joober R, Howe J, Scherer SW, Elsabbagh M. Adaptation and validation of the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale for autism spectrum disorders and related conditions. J Genet Couns 2020; 30:305-318. [PMID: 32893416 PMCID: PMC7891368 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The genetics care pathway experienced by families affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) around the time of diagnosis is currently uncharacterized and potentially variable across contexts. The lack of consensus on outcome measures to capture the impact of genetic services for these families shows a gap in understanding and optimizing this genetics care pathway. The Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS‐24) is a validated outcome measure of clinical genetics services. The current study aims to adapt and validate the GCOS‐24 as an outcome measure in the context routine genetic testing in ASD and related conditions. Families seen for their child’s developmental evaluation for ASD and related conditions were invited to participate in a genomics cohort between 2016 and 2018. Families (n = 111) completed the mGCOS‐24 (modified GCOS‐24), adapted from the original GCOS‐24 by clinicians working in the target population’s routine care pathway. The mGCOS‐24 has acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.84) and high test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.88). It also inversely correlates with stress as measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐10) and distress, as measured by the Distress Thermometer, rs ≥ 0.39, ps < 0.001. The mGCOS‐24 had adequate readability, as supported by cognitive interviews completed by a sub‐sample of five mothers of a child with ASD. Together, our findings show that the mGCOS‐24 has good validity for the target population. Preliminary characterization of the genetics care pathway in this population revealed remarkable variability in pre‐test counseling and limited post‐test counseling. The use of the mGCOS‐24 as an outcome measure is useful in filling some of these gaps by offering a way to assess, and in the future, optimize the genetics care pathway for families affected by autism and related neurodevelopmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afiqah Yusuf
- Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, Montreal Neurological Institute‐HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Research‐Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| | - Iskra Peltekova
- Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, Montreal Neurological Institute‐HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Research‐Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| | - Tal Savion‐Lemieux
- Research‐Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| | - Jennifer Frei
- Research‐Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontrealQCCanada
| | - Jennifer Howe
- The Centre for Applied GenomicsHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied GenomicsHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
- McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, Montreal Neurological Institute‐HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Research‐Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zarrei M, Dong R, Yang X, Zhao D, Scherer SW, Gai Z. Refining critical regions in 15q24 microdeletion syndrome pertaining to autism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:217-226. [PMID: 31953991 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, hearing loss, hypotonia, recurrent infection, and other congenital malformations including microcephaly, scoliosis, joint laxity, digital anomalies, as well as sometimes having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Here, we report a boy with a 2.58-Mb de novo deletion at chromosome 15q24. He is diagnosed with ASD and having multiple phenotypes similar to those reported in cases having 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. To delineate the critical genes and region that might be responsible for these phenotypes, we reviewed all previously published cases. We observe a potential minimum critical region of 650 kb (LCR15q24A-B) affecting NEO1 among other genes that might pertinent to individuals with ASD carrying this deletion. In contrast, a previously defined minimum critical region downstream of the 650-kb interval (LCR15q24B-D) is more likely associated with the developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, recurrent infection, and other congenital malformations. As a result, the ASD phenotype in this individual is potentially attributed by genes particularly NEO1 within the newly proposed critical region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Pediatric Health Care Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250022, China
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Pediatric Health Care Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250022, China
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A framework for an evidence-based gene list relevant to autism spectrum disorder. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 21:367-376. [PMID: 32317787 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-0231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often grouped with other brain-related phenotypes into a broader category of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). In clinical practice, providers need to decide which genes to test in individuals with ASD phenotypes, which requires an understanding of the level of evidence for individual NDD genes that supports an association with ASD. Consensus is currently lacking about which NDD genes have sufficient evidence to support a relationship to ASD. Estimates of the number of genes relevant to ASD differ greatly among research groups and clinical sequencing panels, varying from a few to several hundred. This Roadmap discusses important considerations necessary to provide an evidence-based framework for the curation of NDD genes based on the level of information supporting a clinically relevant relationship between a given gene and ASD.
Collapse
|
27
|
Matsumura K, Seiriki K, Okada S, Nagase M, Ayabe S, Yamada I, Furuse T, Shibuya H, Yasuda Y, Yamamori H, Fujimoto M, Nagayasu K, Yamamoto K, Kitagawa K, Miura H, Gotoda-Nishimura N, Igarashi H, Hayashida M, Baba M, Kondo M, Hasebe S, Ueshima K, Kasai A, Ago Y, Hayata-Takano A, Shintani N, Iguchi T, Sato M, Yamaguchi S, Tamura M, Wakana S, Yoshiki A, Watabe AM, Okano H, Takuma K, Hashimoto R, Hashimoto H, Nakazawa T. Pathogenic POGZ mutation causes impaired cortical development and reversible autism-like phenotypes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:859. [PMID: 32103003 PMCID: PMC7044294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pogo transposable element derived with ZNF domain (POGZ) has been identified as one of the most recurrently de novo mutated genes in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability and White-Sutton syndrome; however, the neurobiological basis behind these disorders remains unknown. Here, we show that POGZ regulates neuronal development and that ASD-related de novo mutations impair neuronal development in the developing mouse brain and induced pluripotent cell lines from an ASD patient. We also develop the first mouse model heterozygous for a de novo POGZ mutation identified in a patient with ASD, and we identify ASD-like abnormalities in the mice. Importantly, social deficits can be treated by compensatory inhibition of elevated cell excitability in the mice. Our results provide insight into how de novo mutations on high-confidence ASD genes lead to impaired mature cortical network function, which underlies the cellular pathogenesis of NDDs, including ASD. De novo mutations significantly contribute to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, the authors demonstrate that ASD-associated de novo mutations in the POGZ gene, one of a high-confidence ASD gene, lead to ASD-related impaired neuronal development and disrupted mature cortical network function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Matsumura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Research Fellowships for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kaoru Seiriki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shota Okada
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagase
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567, Japan
| | - Shinya Ayabe
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yamada
- Technology and Developmental Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Tamio Furuse
- Technology and Developmental Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Shibuya
- Technology and Developmental Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.,Life Grow Brilliant Clinic, Osaka, Osaka, 530-0012, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.,Japan Community Health care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, 553-0003, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nanaka Gotoda-Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisato Igarashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Misuzu Hayashida
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Baba
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Momoka Kondo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hasebe
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kosei Ueshima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tokuichi Iguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shun Yamaguchi
- Department of Morphological Neuroscience, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Developmental Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Technology and Developmental Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan.,Department of Gerontology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Ayako M Watabe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.,Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ross PJ, Zhang WB, Mok RS, Zaslavsky K, Deneault E, D’Abate L, Rodrigues DC, Yuen RK, Faheem M, Mufteev M, Piekna A, Wei W, Pasceri P, Landa RJ, Nagy A, Varga B, Salter MW, Scherer SW, Ellis J. Synaptic Dysfunction in Human Neurons With Autism-Associated Deletions in PTCHD1-AS. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:139-149. [PMID: 31540669 PMCID: PMC6948145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Xp22.11 locus that encompasses PTCHD1, DDX53, and the long noncoding RNA PTCHD1-AS is frequently disrupted in male subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the functional consequences of these genetic risk factors for ASD are unknown. METHODS To evaluate the functional consequences of PTCHD1 locus deletions, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from unaffected control subjects and 3 subjects with ASD with microdeletions affecting PTCHD1-AS/PTCHD1, PTCHD1-AS/DDX53, or PTCHD1-AS alone. Function of iPSC-derived cortical neurons was assessed using molecular approaches and electrophysiology. We also compiled novel and known genetic variants of the PTCHD1 locus to explore the roles of PTCHD1 and PTCHD1-AS in genetic risk for ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, genome editing was used to explore the functional consequences of deleting a single conserved exon of PTCHD1-AS. RESULTS iPSC-derived neurons from subjects with ASD exhibited reduced miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction. We found that 35 ASD-associated deletions mapping to the PTCHD1 locus disrupted exons of PTCHD1-AS. We also found a novel ASD-associated deletion of PTCHD1-AS exon 3 and showed that exon 3 loss altered PTCHD1-AS splicing without affecting expression of the neighboring PTCHD1 coding gene. Finally, targeted disruption of PTCHD1-AS exon 3 recapitulated diminished miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency, supporting a role for the long noncoding RNA in the etiology of ASD. CONCLUSIONS Our genetic findings provide strong evidence that PTCHD1-AS deletions are risk factors for ASD, and human iPSC-derived neurons implicate these deletions in the neurophysiology of excitatory synapses and in ASD-associated synaptic impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Joel Ross
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,These authors contributed equally to this work,Present address: Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Wen-Bo Zhang
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rebecca S.F. Mok
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kirill Zaslavsky
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Deneault
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lia D’Abate
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Genetics & Genome Biology Program and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deivid C. Rodrigues
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan K.C. Yuen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Genetics & Genome Biology Program and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marat Mufteev
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alina Piekna
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Wei
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Pasceri
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca J. Landa
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tenenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Balazs Varga
- Lunenfeld-Tenenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Present address: Wellcome Trust MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Michael W. Salter
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Genetics & Genome Biology Program and The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hyman SL, Levy SE, Myers SM. Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-3447. [PMID: 31843864 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with reported prevalence in the United States of 1 in 59 children (approximately 1.7%). Core deficits are identified in 2 domains: social communication/interaction and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior. Children and youth with ASD have service needs in behavioral, educational, health, leisure, family support, and other areas. Standardized screening for ASD at 18 and 24 months of age with ongoing developmental surveillance continues to be recommended in primary care (although it may be performed in other settings), because ASD is common, can be diagnosed as young as 18 months of age, and has evidenced-based interventions that may improve function. More accurate and culturally sensitive screening approaches are needed. Primary care providers should be familiar with the diagnostic criteria for ASD, appropriate etiologic evaluation, and co-occurring medical and behavioral conditions (such as disorders of sleep and feeding, gastrointestinal tract symptoms, obesity, seizures, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and wandering) that affect the child's function and quality of life. There is an increasing evidence base to support behavioral and other interventions to address specific skills and symptoms. Shared decision making calls for collaboration with families in evaluation and choice of interventions. This single clinical report updates the 2007 American Academy of Pediatrics clinical reports on the evaluation and treatment of ASD in one publication with an online table of contents and section view available through the American Academy of Pediatrics Gateway to help the reader identify topic areas within the report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Hyman
- Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York;
| | - Susan E Levy
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Scott M Myers
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chang YS, Lin CY, Huang HY, Chang JG, Kuo HT. Chromosomal microarray and whole-exome sequence analysis in Taiwanese patients with autism spectrum disorder. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e996. [PMID: 31595719 PMCID: PMC6900387 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. Interplay between de novo and inherited rare variants has been suspected in the development of ASD. METHODS Here, we applied 750K oligonucleotide microarray analysis and whole-exome sequencing (WES) to five trios from Taiwanese families with ASD. RESULTS The chromosomal microarray analysis revealed three representative known diagnostic copy number variants that contributed to the clinical presentation: the chromosome locations 2q13, 1q21.1q21.2, and 9q33.1. WES detected 22 rare variants in all trios, including four that were newly discovered, one of which is a de novo variant. Sequencing variants of JMJD1C, TCF12, BIRC6, and NHS have not been previously reported. A novel de novo variant was identified in NHS (p.I7T). Additionally, seven pathogenic variants, including SMPD1, FUT2, BCHE, MYBPC3, DUOX2, EYS, and FLG, were detected in four probands. One of the involved genes, SMPD1, had previously been reported to be mutated in patients with Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that de novo or inherited rare variants and copy number variants may be double or multiple hits of the probands that lead to ASD. WES could be useful in identifying possible causative ASD variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sian Chang
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Precision Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Gowth Chang
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Precision Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haung-Tsung Kuo
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Matsumura K, Baba M, Nagayasu K, Yamamoto K, Kondo M, Kitagawa K, Takemoto T, Seiriki K, Kasai A, Ago Y, Hayata-Takano A, Shintani N, Kuriu T, Iguchi T, Sato M, Takuma K, Hashimoto R, Hashimoto H, Nakazawa T. Autism-associated protein kinase D2 regulates embryonic cortical neuron development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:626-632. [PMID: 31540692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impaired social interaction, repetitive behavior and restricted interests. Although the molecular etiology of ASD remains largely unknown, recent studies have suggested that de novo mutations are significantly involved in the risk of ASD. We and others recently identified spontaneous de novo mutations in PKD2, a protein kinase D family member, in sporadic ASD cases. However, the biological significance of the de novo PKD2 mutations and the role of PKD2 in brain development remain unclear. Here, we performed functional analysis of PKD2 in cortical neuron development using in utero electroporation. PKD2 is highly expressed in cortical neural stem cells in the developing cortex and regulates cortical neuron development, including the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells and migration of newborn neurons. Importantly, we determined that the ASD-associated de novo mutations impair the kinase activity of PKD2, suggesting that the de novo PKD2 mutations can be a risk factor for the disease by loss of function of PKD2. Our current findings provide novel insight into the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Matsumura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Research Fellowships for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Masayuki Baba
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Momoka Kondo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaoru Seiriki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kuriu
- Osaka Medical College, Research and Development Center, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tokuichi Iguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takuma
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan; Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mouga S, Correia BR, Café C, Duque F, Oliveira G. Language Predictors in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights from Neurodevelopmental Profile in a Longitudinal Perspective. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2019; 48:149-161. [PMID: 31410701 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Language outcome in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is predicted by early developmental milestones and cognitive abilities. The development and acquisition of expressive language (particularly the onset of first phrases) is a relevant clinical milestone by school age, since its early presentation is associated to better long-term life outcomes and to lower core clinical severity of ASD. Focusing on predictors of language in ASD children, a number of outstanding questions remain to be answered, namely, whether there are differences in the early key neurodevelopmental abilities and whether those differences in a specific period of time might predict verbal development and acquisition of expressive language. We aim to understand how the neurodevelopmental profile of ASD children evolves from the preschool to the school age and if and which subarea can better predict acquisition of expressive language. Children with ASD (N = 205) were evaluated with a structured assessment of neurodevelopment in two different age periods: 1) preschool period (mean age four years) and 2) reassessment in the school period (mean age seven years). Our findings demonstrate that in nonverbal preschool children with ASD normal or near normal Performance Developmental Quotient (superior to 73.5) evaluated at preschool age is a good predictor of later language development in ASD, which has important implications for intervention programs targeting this population and family information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mouga
- CNC.IBILI - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Neurodevelopmental and Autism Unit from Child Developmental Center and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clínica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Bárbara Regadas Correia
- CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department Quantitative Methods and Information and Management Systems, Coimbra Business School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Café
- Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo do Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico Duque
- CNC.IBILI - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurodevelopmental and Autism Unit from Child Developmental Center and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clínica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,University Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Guiomar Oliveira
- CNC.IBILI - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurodevelopmental and Autism Unit from Child Developmental Center and Centro de Investigação e Formação Clínica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,University Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Siu MT, Butcher DT, Turinsky AL, Cytrynbaum C, Stavropoulos DJ, Walker S, Caluseriu O, Carter M, Lou Y, Nicolson R, Georgiades S, Szatmari P, Anagnostou E, Scherer SW, Choufani S, Brudno M, Weksberg R. Functional DNA methylation signatures for autism spectrum disorder genomic risk loci: 16p11.2 deletions and CHD8 variants. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:103. [PMID: 31311581 PMCID: PMC6636171 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common and etiologically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Although many genetic causes have been identified (> 200 ASD-risk genes), no single gene variant accounts for > 1% of all ASD cases. A role for epigenetic mechanisms in ASD etiology is supported by the fact that many ASD-risk genes function as epigenetic regulators and evidence that epigenetic dysregulation can interrupt normal brain development. Gene-specific DNAm profiles have been shown to assist in the interpretation of variants of unknown significance. Therefore, we investigated the epigenome in patients with ASD or two of the most common genomic variants conferring increased risk for ASD. Genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) was assessed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 and MethylationEPIC arrays in blood from individuals with ASD of heterogeneous, undefined etiology (n = 52), and individuals with 16p11.2 deletions (16p11.2del, n = 9) or pathogenic variants in the chromatin modifier CHD8 (CHD8+/−, n = 7). Results DNAm patterns did not clearly distinguish heterogeneous ASD cases from controls. However, the homogeneous genetically-defined 16p11.2del and CHD8+/− subgroups each exhibited unique DNAm signatures that distinguished 16p11.2del or CHD8+/− individuals from each other and from heterogeneous ASD and control groups with high sensitivity and specificity. These signatures also classified additional 16p11.2del (n = 9) and CHD8 (n = 13) variants as pathogenic or benign. Our findings that DNAm alterations in each signature target unique genes in relevant biological pathways including neural development support their functional relevance. Furthermore, genes identified in our CHD8+/− DNAm signature in blood overlapped differentially expressed genes in CHD8+/− human-induced pluripotent cell-derived neurons and cerebral organoids from independent studies. Conclusions DNAm signatures can provide clinical utility complementary to next-generation sequencing in the interpretation of variants of unknown significance. Our study constitutes a novel approach for ASD risk-associated molecular classification that elucidates the vital cross-talk between genetics and epigenetics in the etiology of ASD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0684-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Siu
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D T Butcher
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A L Turinsky
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Cytrynbaum
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D J Stavropoulos
- Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Walker
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - O Caluseriu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Carter
- Department of Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Lou
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Szatmari
- Child and Youth Mental Health Collaborative, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Anagnostou
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S W Scherer
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Choufani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Brudno
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vllasaliu L, Jensen K, Dose M, Hagenah U, Hollmann H, Kamp-Becker I, Lechmann C, Poustka L, Sinzig J, Spitzcok von Brisinski I, van Elst LT, Will D, Vogeley K, Freitag CM. Diagnostik von Autismus- Spektrum-Störungen im Kindes-, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter: Überblick zu den wesentlichen Fragestellungen und Ergebnissen des ersten Teils der S3-Leitlinie. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2019; 47:359-370. [DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS) umfassen die ICD-10-Diagnosen (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) frühkindlicher Autismus, Asperger-Syndrom und atypischer Autismus und zeigen eine Lebenszeitprävalenz von bis zu 1 %. Die S3-Leitlinie der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. hat zum Ziel, evidenzbasierte Diagnostik und Therapie für professionelle Akteure im Gesundheits- und Sozialsystem systematisch zusammenzufassen und klinische Empfehlungen zu konsentieren. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse zum Teil Diagnostik zusammen. Methodik: Die Leitliniengruppe besteht aus 14 klinischen und wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften sowie Patienten-/Angehörigen-Vertretern. Die Empfehlungen basieren dabei auf den Ergebnissen systematischer Literatursuche, Datenextraktion, Studienqualitäts-Bewertung sowie metaanalytischer Datenaggregation in Kombination mit der klinischen Expertise der jeweiligen Vertreter. Die Empfehlungen wurden anhand eines nominalen Gruppenprozesses abgestimmt. Ergebnisse: Der aktuelle Forschungsstand zur Diagnostik wird zusammengefasst. Dabei liegt ein besonderer Schwerpunkt auf der Frage der Notwendigkeit und Entbehrlichkeit verschiedener Bestandteile des diagnostischen Prozesses. Nach einer allgemeinen Einführung zum Krankheitsbild werden insbesondere die wesentlichen Aspekte der Anamnese, die sinnvolle Verwendung von Screening- und Diagnostikinstrumenten, die internistisch-neurologische Untersuchung, apparative Diagnostik, testpsychologische Untersuchung, Aufklärung und Beratung sowie sinnvolle Verlaufsdiagnostik detailliert dargestellt. Schlussfolgerung: Die ASS-Leitlinie gibt evidenzbasierte, klinisch konsentierte Empfehlungen zum Prozess der Diagnostik von ASS im Kindes-, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter. Sie bietet Anwendern zudem die Möglichkeit, sich in kurzer Zeit über die Hintergründe der Störung sowie verschiedene diagnostische Instrumente zu informieren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonora Vllasaliu
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Autismus-Therapie- und Forschungszentrum, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität
| | - Katrin Jensen
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Informatik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - Matthias Dose
- kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum gemeinnützige GmbH; München-Ost; Sitz Haar, Landkreis München
| | - Ulrich Hagenah
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
| | | | - Inge Kamp-Becker
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Philipps-Universität Marburg
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
| | - Judith Sinzig
- Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, LVR-Klinik Bonn, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Bonn
| | | | | | - Diana Will
- Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeutin, Leiterin der Ambulanz und Beratungsstelle Kiel und der Autismus-Therapiezentren (ATZ) Neumünster und Lübeck von Hilfe für das autistische Kind e. V. Landesverband Schleswig-Holstein, Timmendorfer Strand
| | - Kai Vogeley
- Zentrum für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Köln
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Autismus-Therapie- und Forschungszentrum, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vicari S, Napoli E, Cordeddu V, Menghini D, Alesi V, Loddo S, Novelli A, Tartaglia M. Copy number variants in autism spectrum disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:421-427. [PMID: 30797015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an explosive increase in genetic studies related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This implicated the accumulation of a large amount of molecular data that may be used to verify various hypotheses and models developed to explore the complex genetic component of ASD. Several lines of evidence support the view that structural genomic variation contributes to the pathogenesis of ASD. The introduction of more sophisticated techniques for whole-genome screening, including array comparative genome hybridization and high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, has allowed to identify an increasing number of ASD susceptibility loci. Copy number variants (CNVs) are the most common type of structural variation in the human genome and are considered important contributors to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD. In this review, we describe the accumulated evidence concerning the genetic events associated with ASD, and summarize current knowledge about the clinical relevance of CNVs in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vicari
- Department of Neuroscience, Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Cordeddu
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Deny Menghini
- Department of Neuroscience, Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Alesi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Loddo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zahedi Abghari F, Moradi Y, Akouchekian M. PTEN gene mutations in patients with macrocephaly and classic autism: A systematic review. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2019; 33:10. [PMID: 31086789 PMCID: PMC6504940 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder characterized by massive damage in various fields of development. Impaired social interaction and communication skills, unusual behavior or interests, and repetitive activities are considerably disabling in these patients. There are several challenges in diagnosis of ASD patients such as co-existing epilepsy, difference in clinician attitudes and possibly multifactorial etiology of autistic behavior among children and adults. Research in recent years has emphasized a possible connection between mutations in PTEN and macrocephaly (head circumference > 97th centile). Methods: Articles in English Language were searched from international databases including Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar, Scopus, and CINHAL from January 1998 to January 2016. Results: The results showed that among 2940 patients with behavioral disorders, 2755 individuals had ASD, and 35 cases with macrocephaly had mutations in PTEN. About 77% of the articles (7/9) analyzed mutations in PTEN in patients with head circumference more than 2SD away from the mean, but did not check mutations in this gene in other ASD patients without macrocephaly. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first systematic review on human PTEN mutations and classical autistic behavior. Conclusion: We conclude that the presence of macrocephaly may not be sufficient to examine the PTEN mutation in this group; however, surveying this gene in all cases of macrocephaly seems to be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Zahedi Abghari
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Akouchekian
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhou WZ, Zhang J, Li Z, Lin X, Li J, Wang S, Yang C, Wu Q, Ye AY, Wang M, Wang D, Pu TZ, Wu YY, Wei L. Targeted resequencing of 358 candidate genes for autism spectrum disorder in a Chinese cohort reveals diagnostic potential and genotype-phenotype correlations. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:801-815. [PMID: 30763456 PMCID: PMC6593842 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a childhood neuropsychiatric disorder with a complex genetic architecture. The diagnostic potential of a targeted panel of ASD genes has only been evaluated in small cohorts to date and is especially understudied in the Chinese population. Here, we designed a capture panel with 358 genes (111 syndromic and 247 nonsyndromic) for ASD and sequenced a Chinese cohort of 539 cases evaluated with the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) as well as 512 controls. ASD cases were found to carry significantly more ultra‐rare functional variants than controls. A subset of 78 syndromic and 54 nonsyndromic genes was the most significantly associated and should be given high priority in the future screening of ASD patients. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were detected in 9.5% of cases. Variants in SHANK3 and SHANK2 were the most frequent, especially in females, and occurred in 1.2% of cases. Duplications of 15q11–13 were detected in 0.8% of cases. Variants in CNTNAP2 and MEF2C were correlated with epilepsy/tics in cases. Our findings reveal the diagnostic potential of ASD genetic panel testing and new insights regarding the variant spectrum. Genotype–phenotype correlations may facilitate the diagnosis and management of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhen Zhou
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Yang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Adam Yongxin Ye
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Yuning Psychiatry Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liping Wei
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chan AJS, Cytrynbaum C, Hoang N, Ambrozewicz PM, Weksberg R, Drmic I, Ritzema A, Schachar R, Walker S, Uddin M, Zarrei M, Yuen RKC, Scherer SW. Expanding the neurodevelopmental phenotypes of individuals with de novo KMT2A variants. NPJ Genom Med 2019; 4:9. [PMID: 31044088 PMCID: PMC6486600 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-019-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the KMT2A gene are associated with Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome (WSS). Recently, de novo KMT2A variants have been identified in sequencing studies of cohorts of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, most of these studies lack the detailed clinical information required to determine whether those individuals have isolated NDDs or WSS (i.e. syndromic NDDs). We performed thorough clinical and neurodevelopmental phenotyping on six individuals with de novo KMT2A variants. From these data, we found that all six patients met clinical criteria for WSS and we further define the neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with KMT2A variants and WSS. In particular, we identified a subtype of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in five individuals, characterized by marked rigid, repetitive and inflexible behaviours, emotional dysregulation, externalizing behaviours, but relative social motivation. To further explore the clinical spectrum associated with KMT2A variants, we also conducted a meta-analysis of individuals with KMT2A variants reported in the published literature. We found that de novo LoF or missense variants in KMT2A were significantly more prevalent than predicted by a previously established statistical model of de novo mutation rate for KMT2A. Our genotype-phenotype findings better define the clinical spectrum associated with KMT2A variants and suggest that individuals with de novo LoF and missense variants likely have a clinically unrecognized diagnosis of WSS, rather than isolated NDD or ASD alone. This highlights the importance of a clinical genetic and neurodevelopmental assessment for individuals with such variants in KMT2A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada J. S. Chan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Cheryl Cytrynbaum
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ny Hoang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Patricia M. Ambrozewicz
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Irene Drmic
- Ron Joyce Children’s Health Centre, Hamilton Health Services, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Anne Ritzema
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ryan K. C. Yuen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- McLaughin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Deneault E, Faheem M, White SH, Rodrigues DC, Sun S, Wei W, Piekna A, Thompson T, Howe JL, Chalil L, Kwan V, Walker S, Pasceri P, Roth FP, Yuen RK, Singh KK, Ellis J, Scherer SW. CNTN5-/+or EHMT2-/+human iPSC-derived neurons from individuals with autism develop hyperactive neuronal networks. eLife 2019; 8:40092. [PMID: 30747104 PMCID: PMC6372285 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons are increasingly used to model Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. To study the complex relationship of penetrant and weaker polygenic risk variants to ASD, 'isogenic' iPSC-derived neurons are critical. We developed a set of procedures to control for heterogeneity in reprogramming and differentiation, and generated 53 different iPSC-derived glutamatergic neuronal lines from 25 participants from 12 unrelated families with ASD. Heterozygous de novo and rare-inherited presumed-damaging variants were characterized in ASD risk genes/loci. Combinations of putative etiologic variants (GLI3/KIF21A or EHMT2/UBE2I) in separate families were modeled. We used a multi-electrode array, with patch-clamp recordings, to determine a reproducible synaptic phenotype in 25% of the individuals with ASD (other relevant data on the remaining lines was collected). Our most compelling new results revealed a consistent spontaneous network hyperactivity in neurons deficient for CNTN5 or EHMT2. The biobank of iPSC-derived neurons and accompanying genomic data are available to accelerate ASD research. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Deneault
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sean H White
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Deivid C Rodrigues
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Song Sun
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wei Wei
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alina Piekna
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tadeo Thompson
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leon Chalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Vickie Kwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Pasceri
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Frederick P Roth
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Canada
| | - Ryan Kc Yuen
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karun K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu A, Zhou W, Qu L, He F, Wang H, Wang Y, Cai C, Li X, Zhou W, Wang M. Altered Urinary Amino Acids in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:7. [PMID: 30733669 PMCID: PMC6354128 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect 1% of children. Although there is no cure, early diagnosis and behavioral intervention can relieve the symptoms. The clinical heterogeneity of ASD has created a need for improved sensitive and specific laboratory diagnostic methods. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based analysis of the metabolome has shown great potential to uncover biomarkers for complex diseases such as ASD. Here, we used a two-step discovery–validation approach to identify potential novel metabolic biomarkers for ASD. Urine samples from 57 children with ASD and 81 matched children with typical development (TD) were analyzed by LS-MS/MS to assess differences in urinary amino acids and their metabolites (referred to as UAA indicators). A total of 63 UAA indicators were identified, of which 21 were present at significantly different levels in the urine of ASD children compared with TD children. Of these 21, the concentrations of 19 and 10 were higher and lower, respectively, in the urine of ASD children compared with TD children. Using support vector machine modeling and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we identified a panel of 7 UAA indicators that discriminated between the samples from ASD and TD children (lysine, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, proline, aspartate, arginine/ornithine, and 4-hydroxyproline). Among the significantly changed pathways in ASD children were the ornithine/urea cycle (decreased levels of the excitatory amino acid aspartate [p = 2.15 × 10-10] and increased arginine/ornithine [p = 5.21 × 10-9]), tryptophan metabolism (increased levels of inhibitory 5-hydroxytryptamine p = 3.62 × 10-9), the methionine cycle (increased methionine sulfoxide [p = 1.46 × 10-10] and decreased homocysteine [p = 2.73 × 10-7]), and lysine metabolism (reduced lysine [p = 7.8 × 10-9], α-aminoadipic acid [p = 1.16 × 10-9], and 5-aminovaleric acid [p = 1.05 × 10-5]). Collectively, the data presented here identify a possible imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acid metabolism in ASD children. The significantly altered UAA indicators could therefore be potential diagnostic biomarkers for ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Liu
- Shiyan Prevention and Health Care Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Division of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuhong Qu
- Division of Neonatology, The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Huadu District, Huadu Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Hui Wang
- Xiamen Branch of Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Children's Hospital), Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Neonatology, The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Huadu District, Huadu Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunquan Cai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoge Li
- Tianjin Jinnan Xiaozhan Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Division of Neonatology, Xiamen Branch of Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Children's Hospital), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Amorim IS, Lach G, Gkogkas CG. The Role of the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Genet 2018; 9:561. [PMID: 30532767 PMCID: PMC6265315 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells is a complex, multi-step and tightly regulated process. Translation initiation, the rate limiting step in protein synthesis, is dependent on the activity of eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E). eIF4E is the cap-binding protein which, in synergy with proteins such as the helicase eIF4A and the scaffolding protein eIF4G, binds to mRNA, allowing the recruitment of ribosomes and translation initiation. The function of eIF4E is tightly regulated in cells under normal physiological conditions and can be controlled by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, and by the binding of inhibitory proteins, including eIF4E binding proteins (4E-BPs) and CYFIP1. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of eIF4E in normal or aberrant function of the nervous system. In this mini-review, we will highlight the role of eIF4E function and regulation in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês S Amorim
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gilliard Lach
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christos G Gkogkas
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,The Patrick Wild Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Deneault E, White SH, Rodrigues DC, Ross PJ, Faheem M, Zaslavsky K, Wang Z, Alexandrova R, Pellecchia G, Wei W, Piekna A, Kaur G, Howe JL, Kwan V, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Walker S, Lionel AC, Pasceri P, Merico D, Yuen RKC, Singh KK, Ellis J, Scherer SW. Complete Disruption of Autism-Susceptibility Genes by Gene Editing Predominantly Reduces Functional Connectivity of Isogenic Human Neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1211-1225. [PMID: 30392976 PMCID: PMC6235011 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous. We present a CRISPR gene editing strategy to insert a protein tag and premature termination sites creating an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) knockout resource for functional studies of ten ASD-relevant genes (AFF2/FMR2, ANOS1, ASTN2, ATRX, CACNA1C, CHD8, DLGAP2, KCNQ2, SCN2A, TENM1). Neurogenin 2 (NGN2)-directed induction of iPSCs allowed production of excitatory neurons, and mutant proteins were not detectable. RNA sequencing revealed convergence of several neuronal networks. Using both patch-clamp and multi-electrode array approaches, the electrophysiological deficits measured were distinct for different mutations. However, they culminated in a consistent reduction in synaptic activity, including reduced spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequencies in AFF2/FMR2-, ASTN2-, ATRX-, KCNQ2-, and SCN2A-null neurons. Despite ASD susceptibility genes belonging to different gene ontologies, isogenic stem cell resources can reveal common functional phenotypes, such as reduced functional connectivity. iPSC knockout resource for functional studies of ten ASD-risk genes Disruption of common transcriptional networks associated with neurons and synapses Reduced synaptic activity commonly observed for functionally diverse ASD-risk genes
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Deneault
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sean H White
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Deivid C Rodrigues
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - P Joel Ross
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kirill Zaslavsky
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Roumiana Alexandrova
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Wei Wei
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Alina Piekna
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Gaganjot Kaur
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Vickie Kwan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Susan Walker
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Anath C Lionel
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Peter Pasceri
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Karun K Singh
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - James Ellis
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada.
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada; McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang J, Liu J, Gao Y, Wang K, Jiang K. Autism spectrum disorder early in development associated with CHD8 mutations among two Chinese children. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:338. [PMID: 30376831 PMCID: PMC6208010 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders. Genetically based subtype identification may prove more beneficial not only in illuminating the course and prognosis, but also for individualized treatment targets of an ASD sub-group. Increasing evidence has shown that de novo loss-of-function mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) gene are associated with an ASD sub-group. Case presentation Here we describe two ASD cases in children with mild intellectual disability, early motor deficits, and speech delay, without distinct structural or EEG brain anomalies. Exome sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous nonsense/missense mutations(c.2647C > A/p.E883X and c.1677C > A/p.M559I respectively) in CHD8 gene. Conclusions There were few cases in the literature reporting de novo mutation of CHD8 in ASD. As demonstrated in our patients, along with other previously reported studies support that disruption of the CHD8 gene represents a specific genetic sub-type of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Department of Respiration, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kewen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China. .,Department of Laboratory, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fernandez BA, Scherer SW. Syndromic autism spectrum disorders: moving from a clinically defined to a molecularly defined approach. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 29398931 PMCID: PMC5789213 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2017.19.4/sscherer] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of neurodevelopmental conditions diagnosed solely on the basis of behavioral assessments that reveal social deficits. Progress has been made in understanding its genetic underpinnings, but most ASD-associated genetic variants, which include copy number variants (CNVs) and mutations in ASD-risk genes, account for no more than 1 % of ASD cases. This high level of genetic heterogeneity leads to challenges obtaining and interpreting genetic testing in clinical settings. The traditional definition of syndromic ASD is a disorder with a clinically defined pattern of somatic abnormalities and a neurobehavioral phenotype that may include ASD. Most have a known genetic cause. Examples include fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex. We propose dividing syndromic autism into the following two groups: (i) ASD that occurs in the context of a clinically defined syndrome-recognizing these disorders depends on the familiarity of the clinician with the features of the syndrome, and the diagnosis is typically confirmed by targeted genetic testing (eg, mutation screening of FMR1); (ii) ASD that occurs as a feature of a molecularly defined syndrome-for this group of patients, ASD-associated variants are identified by genome-wide testing that is not hypothesis driven (eg, microarray, whole exome sequencing). These ASD groups cannot be easily clinically defined because patients with a given variant have variable somatic abnormalities (dysmorphism and birth defects). In this article, we review common diagnoses from the above categories and suggest a testing strategy for patients, guided by determining whether the individual has essential or complex ASD; patients in the latter group have multiple morphologic anomalies on physical examination. Finally, we recommend that the syndromic versus nonsyndromic designation ultimately be replaced by classification of ASD according to its genetic etiology, which will inform about the associated spectrum and penetrance of neurobehavioral and somatic manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Fernandez
- Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Center for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; McLaughlin Center and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yuen T, Carter MT, Szatmari P, Ungar WJ. Cost-effectiveness of Genome and Exome Sequencing in Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2018; 16:481-493. [PMID: 29651777 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-018-0390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome (GS) and exome sequencing (ES) could potentially identify pathogenic variants with greater sensitivity than chromosomal microarray (CMA) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but are costlier and result interpretation can be uncertain. Study objective was to compare the costs and outcomes of four genetic testing strategies in children with ASD. METHODS A microsimulation model estimated the outcomes and costs (in societal and public payer perspectives in Ontario, Canada) of four genetic testing strategies: CMA for all, CMA for all followed by ES for those with negative CMA and syndromic features (CMA+ES), ES or GS for all. RESULTS Compared to CMA, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per additional child identified with rare pathogenic variants within 18 months of ASD diagnosis was $CAN5997.8 for CMA+ES, $CAN13,504.2 for ES and $CAN10,784.5 for GS in the societal perspective. ICERs were sensitive to changes in ES or GS diagnostic yields, wait times for test results or pre-test genetic counselling, but were robust to changes in the ES or GS costs. CONCLUSION Strategic integration of ES into ASD care could be a cost-effective strategy. Long wait times for genetic services and uncertain utility, both clinical and personal, of sequencing results could limit broader clinical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Yuen
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 11/F, 686 Bay St, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Melissa T Carter
- Regional Genetics Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 11/F, 686 Bay St, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wendy J Ungar
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 11/F, 686 Bay St, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
DeThorne LS, Ceman S. Genetic testing and autism: Tutorial for communication sciences and disorders. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2018; 74:61-73. [PMID: 29879582 PMCID: PMC6083877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial provides professionals in communication sciences and disorders with an overview of the molecular basis and parental perceptions of genetic testing as associated with autism. The introduction notes the prominence of genetic testing within present-day medical practices and highlights related limitations and concerns through the lens of disability critique. The body of the tutorial provides an overview of four different forms of genetic variation, highlighting the potential associations with autism and available genetic testing. In sum, most autism cases cannot be associated directly with specified forms of genetic variation but are attributed instead to multiple genetic and environmental influences working in concert. Finally, the discussion focuses on parental perceptions of the genetic testing associated with autism, both the potential benefits and harms, and emphasizes the need to integrate first-person perspectives from autistic individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura S DeThorne
- Department of Speech & Hearing Science, University of Illinois, 901 S. Sixth Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, United States.
| | - Stephanie Ceman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 601 S. Goodwin Ave Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Woodbury-Smith M, Scherer SW. Progress in the genetics of autism spectrum disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 2018; 60:445-451. [PMID: 29574884 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A genetic basis for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is now well established, and with the availability of high-throughput microarray and sequencing platforms, major advances have been made in our understanding of genetic risk factors. Rare, often de novo, copy number and single nucleotide variants are both implicated, with many ASD-implicated genes showing pleiotropy and variable penetrance. Additionally, common variants are also known to play a role in ASD's genetic etiology. These new insights into the architecture of ASD's genetic etiology offer opportunities for the identification of molecular targets for novel interventions, and provide new insight for families seeking genetic counselling. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS A number of rare genetic variants are implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with some showing recurrence. Common genetic variants are also important and a number of loci are now being uncovered. Genetic testing for individuals with ASD offers the opportunity to identify relevant genetic etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Woodbury-Smith
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Troubles en mathématiques : une origine multiple ? L’exemple des syndromes de Turner et de l’X Fragile. Arch Pediatr 2018; 25:223-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
49
|
Zhang R, Zhou J, Ren J, Sun S, Di Y, Wang H, An X, Zhang K, Zhang J, Qian Z, Shi M, Qiao Y, Ren W, Tian Y. Transcriptional and splicing dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex in valproic acid rat model of autism. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 77:53-61. [PMID: 29427782 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene-environmental interaction could be the major cause of autism. The aim of the current study is to detect the effects of valproic acid on gene expression profiles and alternatively spliced genes in the prefrontal cortex in rat models of autism. Female rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg/kg valproic acid at day 12.5 post-conception, and controls were injected with saline. Only male offspring were employed in the current study. RNA sequencing was used to investigate transcriptome in the prefrontal cortex of VPA-exposed rats. There were 3228 differently expressed genes and 637 alternative spliced genes, in VPA rats compared to controls. Pathways enrichment among the differently expressed genes and alternatively spliced genes were associated with neurological diseases and neural system development. The results implied VPA affected transcriptional and splicing events genome-wide and the transcriptional and splicing events may be associated with the autistic behaviors of VPA rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Junrong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Yuanyuan Di
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Xiaoqin An
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Meimei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Yanning Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Yingfang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hoang N, Cytrynbaum C, Scherer SW. Communicating complex genomic information: A counselling approach derived from research experience with Autism Spectrum Disorder. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2018; 101:352-361. [PMID: 28803755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) share characteristics (impairments in socialization and communication, and repetitive interests and behaviour), but differ in their developmental course, pattern of symptoms, and cognitive and language abilities. The development of standardized phenotyping has revealed ASD to clinically be vastly heterogeneous, ranging from milder presentations to more severe forms associated with profound intellectual disability. Some 100 genes have now been implicated in the etiology of ASD, and advances in genome-wide testing continue to yield new data at an unprecedented rate. As the translation of this data is incorporated into clinical care, genetic professionals/counsellors, as well as other health care providers, will benefit from guidelines and tools to effectively communicate such genomic information. Here, we present a model to facilitate communication regarding the complexities of ASD, where clinical and genetic heterogeneity, as well as overlapping neurological conditions are inherent. We outline an approach for counselling families about their genomic results grounded in our direct experience from counselling families participating in an ASD research study, and supported by rationale from the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ny Hoang
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Cheryl Cytrynbaum
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|