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Koponen AM, Gissler M, Nissinen NM, Autti-Rämö I, Kahila H, Sarkola T. Cumulative risk factors for injuries and poisoning requiring hospital care in youth with prenatal substance exposure: A longitudinal controlled cohort study. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2024; 41:156-174. [PMID: 38645973 PMCID: PMC11027846 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231202074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether the youth with prenatal substance exposure (PSE) (aged 15-24 years, n = 615) had been in hospital care more often due to injuries and poisoning in comparison with unexposed matched controls (n = 1787). Methods: Data from medical records (exposure) and national health and social welfare registers (outcome and confounders) were combined and youths were monitored from birth until either outpatient or inpatient hospital care for injury or poisoning, death or the end of the study period (December 2016). Cox regression models were used in the analyses accounting for associated child and maternal risk factors. Results: Half (50.4%) of the exposed group and 40.6% of controls had been in hospital care due to injury or poisoning during the follow-up (p < 0.001). The difference between groups was diminished after controlling for postnatal child and maternal risk factors (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72-1.07, p > 0.05). Cumulative adversity, especially out-of-home care in combination with a diagnosed attention or behavioural dysregulation problem, posed the highest risk in both groups (exposed: HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.24-2.19, p < 0.001; controls: HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.33-2.56, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Hospital care for injury and poisoning is more common in youth with PSE, but this is largely explained by the related postnatal child and maternal factors. Long-term support to families with maternal substance abuse problems could prevent injury and poisoning among youth with PSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Koponen
- Department of Public Health, and Social Psychology Unit, Folkhälsan Research Center, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Information Services Department, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ilona Autti-Rämö
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Kahila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taisto Sarkola
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
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McGovern R, Newham J, Addison M, Hickman M, Kaner E. The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions at reducing the frequency of alcohol and drug use in parents: findings of a Cochrane Review and meta-analyses. Addiction 2022; 117:2571-2582. [PMID: 35188313 PMCID: PMC9543590 DOI: 10.1111/add.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Parental substance use is a major public health and safeguarding concern. There have been a number of trials examining interventions targeting this risk factor. We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions at reducing parental substance use. DESIGN We used systematic methods to identify trials; pooling data using a random-effects model. Moderator analyses examined influence of parent gender, presence of child in treatment and intervention type. SETTING No restrictions on setting. PARTICIPANTS Substance using parents of children below the age of 21 years. INTERVENTIONS Psychosocial interventions including those that targeted drug and alcohol use only, and drug and alcohol use in combination with associated issues. MEASUREMENTS Frequency of alcohol use and frequency of drug use. FINDINGS We included eight unique studies with a total of 703 participants. Psychosocial interventions were more effective at reducing the frequency of parental alcohol use than comparison conditions at 6-month [standardized mean difference (SMD) = - 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.51 to -0.13, P = 0.001] and 12-month follow-up (SMD = -0.25, 95% CI = -0.47 to -0.03, P = 0.02) and frequency of parental drug use at 12 months only (SMD = -0.21, 95% CI = -0.41 to -0.01, P = 0.04). Integrated interventions which combined both parenting and substance use targeted components were effective at reducing the frequency of alcohol use (6 months: SMD = -0.56, 95% CI = -0.96 to -0.016, P = 0.006; 12 months: SMD = -0.42, 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.03, P = 0.04) and drug use (6 months: SMD = -0.39, 95% CI = -0.75 to -0.03, P = 0.04; 12 months: SMD = -0.43, 95% CI = -0.80 to -0.07, P = 0.02). Interventions targeting only substance use or parenting skills were not effective at reducing frequency of alcohol or drug use at either time-point. CONCLUSION Psychosocial interventions should target both parenting and substance use in an integrated intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McGovern
- Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - James Newham
- Faculty of Health and Life SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Matt Hickman
- Population Health SciencesBristol UniversityBristolUK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Lowthian E. The Secondary Harms of Parental Substance Use on Children's Educational Outcomes: A Review. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:511-522. [PMID: 35958702 PMCID: PMC9360289 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parental substance use, that is alcohol and illicit drugs, can have a deleterious impact on child health and wellbeing. An area that can be affected by parental substance use is the educational outcomes of children. Current reviews of the literature in the field of parental substance use and children's educational outcomes have only identified a small number of studies, and most focus on children's educational attainment. To grasp the available literature, the method from Arksey and O'Malley (2005) was used to identify literature. Studies were included if they were empirical, after 1950, and focused on children's school or educational outcomes. From this, 51 empirical studies were identified which examined the relationship between parental alcohol and illicit drug use on children's educational outcomes. Five main themes emerged which included attainment, behavior and adjustment, attendance, school enjoyment and satisfaction, academic self-concept, along with other miscellaneous outcomes. This paper highlights the main findings of the studies, the gaps in the current literature, and the challenges presented. Recommendations are made for further research and interventions in the areas of parental substance use and child educational outcomes specifically, but also for broader areas of adversity and child wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lowthian
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD Wales, UK
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK
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McGovern R, Homer T, Kaner E, Smart D, Ternent L. Preferences for Delivering Brief Alcohol Intervention to Risky Drinking Parents in Children's Social Care: A Discrete Choice Experiment. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:615-621. [PMID: 35443044 PMCID: PMC9465525 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Many parents in contact with children's social care services misuse alcohol however do not meet the threshold for specialist alcohol treatment, and typically do not receive appropriate support for their needs. Brief alcohol interventions have been found to be effective in healthcare settings, however, it is unknown whether the brief intervention structure delivered within health settings would transfer well into children's social care. This paper aims to examine the characteristics of brief intervention for alcohol misusing parents which social care practitioners consider to be important and acceptable to implement in this sector. METHODS We assessed preferences for, and acceptability of, brief alcohol intervention with parents in contact with children's social care using a discrete choice experiment. We recruited 205 children's social care practitioners from London and the North East of England. Data were analysed using mixed logit which accounted for repeated responses. FINDINGS Six attributes showed statistically significant coefficients, suggesting that a brief intervention with these attributes would encourage implementation. These were: level of alcohol-related risk targeted; intervention recipient; timing of intervention; duration of sessions; number of sessions and intervention structure. The attribute of most importance identified based on the attribute with the largest coefficient in the conditional logit model was risk level. CONCLUSIONS Brief alcohol interventions delivered to parents in social care should focus on the impact upon children and the wider family, they should be a flexible part of on-going casework and should be more intensive and less structured.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McGovern
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - T Homer
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - E Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - D Smart
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - L Ternent
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
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Holst C, Tolstrup JS, Becker U. Risk of somatic disease and mortality in individuals of parents with alcohol use disorder: a register-based cohort study. Addiction 2022; 117:905-912. [PMID: 34697856 DOI: 10.1111/add.15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the risks of 12 types of somatic disease-alcohol-related, blood, cancer, circulatory, digestive, endocrine and metabolic, genitourinary, infectious, musculoskeletal, nervous, respiratory and skin-in individuals with parental alcohol use disorder (AUD) versus a reference population, and to estimate the risks of all-cause mortality and of death from an alcohol-related cause. DESIGN Matched cohort study followed-up through nation-wide health registries. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). SETTING Denmark. PARTICIPANTS A total of 14 008 individuals born 1962-2003 of parents with AUD and 139 087 reference offspring randomly selected from the Danish Civil Registration System were followed from their 15th birthday and onward during 1970-2018. Follow-up time ranged between 2 423 955 and 3 208 366 person-years for somatic diseases and was 3 214 411 person-years for all-cause and alcohol-related mortality. MEASUREMENTS Information on somatic disease was obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry. Causes of death were obtained from the Danish Cause of Death Registry. FINDINGS Individuals of parents with AUD had a higher risk of alcohol-related diseases (HR = 2.70, 95% CI = 2.24-3.24) compared with the reference individuals. Higher HRs among individuals with parental AUD compared with reference individuals were also observed in all other somatic diseases except for cancer. All-cause mortality (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.63-2.00) and alcohol-related mortality (HR = 3.28, 95% CI = 2.11-5.08) were higher among individuals of parents with AUD compared with the reference individuals. No significant differences were found in relation to the gender of either parents or offspring. CONCLUSIONS In Denmark, parental alcohol use disorder appears to predict alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related somatic morbidity and mortality in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Holst
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Becker
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hope H, Osam CS, Kontopantelis E, Hughes S, Munford L, Ashcroft DM, Pierce M, Abel KM. The healthcare resource impact of maternal mental illness on children and adolescents: UK retrospective cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 2021; 219:515-522. [PMID: 35048862 PMCID: PMC8387858 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2021.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The general health of children of parents with mental illness is overlooked. AIMS To quantify the difference in healthcare use of children exposed and unexposed to maternal mental illness (MMI). METHOD This was a retrospective cohort study of children aged 0-17 years, from 1 April 2007 to 31 July 2017, using a primary care register (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) linked to Hospital Episodes Statistics. MMI included non-affective/affective psychosis and mood, anxiety, addiction, eating and personality disorders. Healthcare use included prescriptions, primary care and secondary care contacts; inflation adjusted costs were applied. The rate and cost was calculated and compared for children exposed and unexposed to MMI using negative binomial regression models. The total annual cost to NHS England of children with MMI was estimated. RESULTS The study included 489 255 children: 238 106 (48.7%) girls, 112 741 children (23.0%) exposed to MMI. Compared to unexposed children, exposed children had a higher rate of healthcare use (rate ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.26-1.28), averaging 2.21 extra contacts per exposed child per year (95% CI 2.14-2.29). Increased healthcare use among exposed children occurred in inpatients (rate ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.32-1.42), emergency care visits (rate ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.33-1.36), outpatients (rate ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.28-1.32), prescriptions (rate ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.26-1.30) and primary care consultations (rate ratio 1.24, 95% CI 1.23-1.25). This costs NHS England an additional £656 million (95% CI £619-£692 million), annually. CONCLUSIONS Children of mentally ill mothers are a health vulnerable group for whom targeted intervention may create benefit for individuals, families, as well as limited NHS resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Hope
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK,Correspondence: Holly Hope.
| | - Cemre Su Osam
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Evangelos Kontopantelis
- Division of Informatics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sian Hughes
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; and Population Health Analysis, Department of Health and Social Care, UK
| | - Luke Munford
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Darren M. Ashcroft
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Matthias Pierce
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Kathryn M. Abel
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Raitasalo K, Østergaard J, Andrade SB. Educational attainment by children with parental alcohol problems in Denmark and Finland. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2021; 38:227-242. [PMID: 35310611 PMCID: PMC8899250 DOI: 10.1177/1455072520968343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences have negative outcomes for children, yet previous research suggests the independent effect of parental alcohol problems is inconsistent. Objectives Our aim was (1) to compare educational attainment among Danish and Finnish youth with parental alcohol problems and (2) to study the associations between parental alcohol problems and children's educational attainment in these two Nordic welfare states. Data and methods Administrative longitudinal data on children born in 1991 in Finland (n = 64,696) and Denmark (n = 64,138) and their biological parents. The children were followed until their 21st birthdays. We applied a mediation analysis to investigate how the association between parental alcohol problems and children's educational attainment is mediated by four indicators for poor socioeconomic family background (low parental education, long-term economic distress, psychiatric disorders, and living in a non-intact family). Results At age 20 years, Finnish children were more likely to complete their education than their Danish peers. Young adults with parental alcohol problems faced early school leaving more frequently in both countries compared with their peers, but the relative risk was higher in Finland. In both countries, long-term economic distress mediated the highest proportion of the effect of alcohol problems (39% in Denmark and 34% in Finland). Low parental education and psychiatric disorders mediated part of the effect, but not to the same degree as economic distress. Conclusions Ensuring education for children with parental alcohol problems is a key to improving their long-term outcomes in different life domains. Consequently, healthcare, social work and education sectors should prioritise advancing education among these children in order to prevent their exclusion from education and labour markets, and they should cooperate closely in doing so.
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Shrestha S, Roberts MH, Maxwell JR, Leeman LM, Bakhireva LN. Post-discharge healthcare utilization in infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 86:106975. [PMID: 33766722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The opioid epidemic in the United States has led to a significant increase in the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS); however, the understanding of long-term consequences of NOWS is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate post-discharge healthcare utilization in infants with NOWS and examine the association between NOWS severity and healthcare utilization. A retrospective cohort design was used to ascertain healthcare utilization in the first year after birth-related discharge using the CERNER Health Facts® database. ICD-9/ICD-10 diagnostic codes were used to identify live births and to classify infants into two study groups: NOWS and uncomplicated births (a 25% random sample). Evaluated outcomes included rehospitalization, emergency department (ED) visits within 30-days and one-year after discharge, and a composite one-year utilization event (either hospitalization or emergency department visit during that year). NOWS severity was operationalized as pharmacologic treatment, length of hospitalization, and medical conditions often associated with NOWS. In 3,526 infants with NOWS (restricted to gestational age ≥ 33 weeks), NOWS severity was associated with an increase in composite one-year utilization (OR: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.04-1.2) after adjusting for prematurity, sepsis, jaundice, use of antibiotics, infant sex, insurance status, race, hospital bed size, year of birth, and census division. In a subset of full-term infants (3008 with NOWS and 88,452 uncomplicated births), having a NOWS diagnosis was associated with higher odds of a 30-day (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.03-2.4) and one-year rehospitalization (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.4) after adjusting for infant sex, race, type of medical insurance, hospital location, census division, year of primary encounter, hospital bed size, and medical conditions. This study found higher healthcare utilization during the first year of life in infants diagnosed with NOWS, especially those with severe NOWS. Findings suggest a need for closer post-discharge follow-up and management of infants with NOWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Shrestha
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (Current Affiliation), United States of America; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (Institution where the research was carried out), United States of America.
| | - Melissa H Roberts
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (Institution where the research was carried out), United States of America
| | - Jessie R Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Lawrence M Leeman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Ludmila N Bakhireva
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (Institution where the research was carried out), United States of America; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America; Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
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Heuckendorff S, Johansen MN, Johnsen SP, Overgaard C, Fonager K. Parental mental health conditions and use of healthcare services in children the first year of life- a register-based, nationwide study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:557. [PMID: 33743653 PMCID: PMC7981963 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental mental health conditions have been associated with increased morbidity and use of healthcare services in offspring. Existing studies have not examined different severities of parental mental health conditions, and the impact of paternal mental health has been overlooked. We examined the association between two severities of parental mental health conditions and use of healthcare services for children during the first year of life and explored the impact of both maternal and paternal mental health conditions. METHODS This register-based cohort study included all live-born children born in Denmark from 2000 to 2016. Information on socioeconomics, diagnoses, drug prescriptions, and healthcare contacts was extracted from nationwide public registries. Parents were grouped according to severity of mental condition based on the place of treatment of the mental health condition. Negative binominal regression analyses were performed to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of contacts to general practice (GP), out-of-hour medical service, emergency room (ER), and out- and inpatient hospital contacts during the first 12 months of the child's life. RESULTS The analyses included 964,395 children. Twenty percent of the mothers and 12 % of the fathers were identified with mental health conditions. Paternal mental health conditions were independently associated with increased risk of infant healthcare contacts (GP IRR 1.05 (CI95% 1.04-1.06) and out-of-hour IRR 1.20 (CI95% 1.18-1.22)). Risks were higher for maternal mental health conditions (GP IRR 1.18 (CI95% 1.17-1.19) and out-of-hour IRR 1.39 (CI95% 1.37-1.41)). The risks were even higher if both parents were classified with a mental health condition (GP IRR 1.25 (CI95% 1.23-1.27) and out-of-hour contacts IRR 1.49 (CI95% 1.45-1.54)), including minor mental health condition (GP IRR 1.22 (CI95% 1.21-1.24) and out-of-hour IRR 1.37 (CI95% 1.34-1.41)). This pattern was the same for all types of healthcare contacts. CONCLUSIONS Both maternal and paternal mental health conditions, including minor mental health conditions, were associated with increased utilization of healthcare services. Focus on both parents' mental health conditions (even if minor) may be warranted in service planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Heuckendorff
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Havrevangen 1, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University & Aalborg University Hospital, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark.
| | - Martin Nygård Johansen
- Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Forskningens Hus (Aalborg University Hospital Science and Innovation Center), Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Paaske Johnsen
- Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University & Aalborg University Hospital, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Overgaard
- Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Niels Jernes Vej 14, 1.sal, room 3-214, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Fonager
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Havrevangen 1, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Forskningens Hus, Sdr. Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
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McGovern R, Newham JJ, Addison MT, Hickman M, Kaner EF. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 3:CD012823. [PMID: 33723860 PMCID: PMC8094759 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012823.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental substance use is a substantial public health and safeguarding concern. There have been a number of trials of interventions relating to substance-using parents that have sought to address this risk factor, with potential outcomes for parent and child. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in reducing parental substance use (alcohol and/or illicit drugs, excluding tobacco). SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases from their inception to July 2020: the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group Specialised Register; CENTRAL; MEDLINE; Embase; PsycINFO; CINAHL; Applied Social Science (ASSIA); Sociological Abstracts; Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP, and TRoPHI. We also searched key journals and the reference lists of included papers and contacted authors publishing in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA We included data from trials of complex psychosocial interventions targeting substance use in parents of children under the age of 21 years. Studies were only included if they had a minimum follow-up period of six months from the start of the intervention and compared psychosocial interventions to comparison conditions. The primary outcome of this review was a reduction in the frequency of parental substance use. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included 22 unique studies with a total of 2274 participants (mean age of parents ranged from 26.3 to 40.9 years), examining 24 experimental interventions. The majority of studies intervened with mothers only (n = 16; 73%). Heroin, cocaine, and alcohol were the most commonly reported substances used by participants. The interventions targeted either parenting only (n = 13; 59%); drug and alcohol use only (n = 5; 23%); or integrated interventions which addressed both (n = 6; 27%). Half of the studies (n = 11; 50%) compared the experimental intervention to usual treatment. Other comparison groups were minimal intervention, attention controls, and alternative intervention. Eight of the included studies reported data relating to our primary outcome at 6- and/or 12-month follow-up and were included in a meta-analysis. We investigated intervention effectiveness separately for alcohol and drugs. Studies were found to be mostly at low or unclear risk for all 'Risk of bias' domains except blinding of participants and personnel and outcome assessment. We found moderate-quality evidence that psychosocial interventions are probably more effective at reducing the frequency of parental alcohol misuse than comparison conditions at 6-month (mean difference (MD) -0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.51 to -0.13; 6 studies, 475 participants) and 12-month follow-up (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.25, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.03; 4 studies, 366 participants). We found a significant reduction in frequency of use at 12 months only (SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.01; 6 studies, 514 participants, moderate-quality evidence). We examined the effect of the intervention type. We found low-quality evidence that psychosocial interventions targeting substance use only may not reduce the frequency of alcohol (6 months: SMD -0.35, 95% CI -0.86 to 0.16; 2 studies, 89 participants and 12 months: SMD -0.09, 95% CI -0.86 to 0.61; 1 study, 34 participants) or drug use (6 months: SMD 0.01, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.44; 2 studies; 87 participants and 12 months: SMD -0.08, 95% CI -0.81 to 0.65; 1 study, 32 participants). A parenting intervention only, without an adjunctive substance use component, may not reduce frequency of alcohol misuse (6 months: SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.46 to 0.04, 3 studies; 273 participants, low-quality evidence and 12 months: SMD -0.11, 95% CI -0.64 to 0.41; 2 studies; 219 participants, very low-quality evidence) or frequency of drug use (6 months: SMD 0.10, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.30; 4 studies; 407 participants, moderate-quality evidence and 12 months: SMD -0.13, 95% CI -0.52 to 0.26; 3 studies; 351 participants, very low-quality evidence). Parents receiving integrated interventions which combined both parenting- and substance use-targeted components may reduce alcohol misuse with a small effect size (6 months: SMD -0.56, 95% CI -0.96 to -0.16 and 12 months: SMD -0.42, 95% CI -0.82 to -0.03; 2 studies, 113 participants) and drug use (6 months: SMD -0.39, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.03 and 12 months: SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.07; 2 studies, 131 participants). However, this evidence was of low quality. Psychosocial interventions in which the child was present in the sessions were not effective in reducing the frequency of parental alcohol or drug use, whilst interventions that did not involve children in any of the sessions were found to reduce frequency of alcohol misuse (6 months: SMD -0.47, 95% CI -0.76 to -0.18; 3 studies, 202 participants and 12 months: SMD -0.34, 95% CI -0.69 to 0.00; 2 studies, 147 participants) and drug use at 12-month follow-up (SMD -0.34, 95% CI -0.69 to 0.01; 2 studies, 141 participants). The quality of this evidence was low. Interventions appeared to be more often beneficial for fathers than for mothers. We found low- to very low-quality evidence of a reduction in frequency of alcohol misuse for mothers at six months only (SMD -0.27, 95% CI -0.50 to -0.04; 4 studies, 328 participants), whilst in fathers there was a reduction in frequency of alcohol misuse (6 months: SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.78 to -0.09; 2 studies, 147 participants and 12 months: SMD -0.34, 95% CI -0.69 to 0.00; 2 studies, 147 participants) and drug use (6 months: SMD -0.31, 95% CI -0.66 to 0.04; 2 studies, 141 participants and 12 months: SMD -0.34, 95% CI -0.69 to 0.01; 2 studies, 141 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found moderate-quality evidence that psychosocial interventions probably reduce the frequency at which parents use alcohol and drugs. Integrated psychosocial interventions which combine parenting skills interventions with a substance use component may show the most promise. Whilst it appears that mothers may benefit less than fathers from intervention, caution is advised in the interpretation of this evidence, as the interventions provided to mothers alone typically did not address their substance use and other related needs. We found low-quality evidence from few studies that interventions involving children are not beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McGovern
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James J Newham
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michelle T Addison
- Faculty of Arts, Design and Social Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eileen Fs Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Haugland S, Coombes L, Strandheim A. Parental alcohol intoxication and adverse health outcomes among offspring. A 4-year follow up HUNT study among 2399 Norwegian adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101170. [PMID: 32817811 PMCID: PMC7426560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether experience of parental alcohol intoxication was associated with adverse health outcomes among adolescents four years later. A population-based Norwegian cohort study of 2399 adolescents who participated in the Young-HUNT1 Survey 1995-97 (T1, 13-15 years old) was followed up four years later (T2) in 2000 (Young-HUNT2, 17-19 years old). Measures were based on adolescent self-report of exposure to parental alcohol intoxication, self-rated general health, mental distress (SCL-5) and lifetime hospital admission. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusted for gender, age and parental education were applied. Results show that half of the adolescents (51%) had seen parents intoxicated at age 13-15 years. Four years later, those who had reported parental alcohol intoxication at T1 had increased odds of admission to hospital with odds ratios ranging from OR1.3; CI 1.0-1.7 to OR 2.2; CI 1.3-3.9, poorer self-rated health (odds ratio ranging from 1.8;1.2-2.6 to 2.0;1.1-3.7) and more mental distress (odds ratio ranging from 1.7;1.1-2.5 to 1.9;1.0-3.6). Furthermore, the increased frequency of experience of parental alcohol intoxication are associated with higher prevalence of admission to hospital and mental distress and lower levels of self-rated health. Findings from this large, representative population of Norwegian adolescents indicate that adverse health outcomes among adolescents in a general population are related to relatively common heavy drinking behaviours among parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.H. Haugland
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, Postboks 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - L. Coombes
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, Social Work and Public Health, Oxford Brookes University, Gypsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - A. Strandheim
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, 7600 Levanger, Norway
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12
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McGovern R, Gilvarry E, Addison M, Alderson H, Geijer-Simpson E, Lingam R, Smart D, Kaner E. The Association Between Adverse Child Health, Psychological, Educational and Social Outcomes, and Nondependent Parental Substance: A Rapid Evidence Assessment. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2020; 21:470-483. [PMID: 29739281 PMCID: PMC7243080 DOI: 10.1177/1524838018772850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 5% and 30% of children in high-income countries live with a substance misusing parent, the majority of which is below dependent levels. However, little is understood about the impact of nondependent parental substance misuse upon children. METHODS We searched the international literature using rigorous systematic methods to identify studies examining parental substance misuse and adverse outcomes in children. The inclusion criteria were cross-sectional, longitudinal, case-control, and cohort studies; of children aged 0-18 years whose parents are high-risk substance misusers; reporting on their health, psychological, substance use, educational, and social outcomes. RESULTS We identified 36 papers (from 33 unique studies), most of which were assessed as being of medium to high methodological quality (N= 28). Parental nondependent substance misuse was found to be associated with adversity in children, with strong evidence of an association with externalizing difficulties (N = 7 papers, all finding an association) and substance use (N = 23 papers, all finding an association) in adolescents and some evidence of adverse health outcomes in early childhood (N = 6/8 papers finding an association). There is less evidence of an association between parental substance misuse and adverse educational and social outcomes. The body of evidence was largest for parental alcohol misuse, with research examining the impact of parental illicit drug use being limited. CONCLUSION Methodological limitations restrict our ability to make causal inference. Nonetheless, the prevalence of adverse outcomes in children whose parents are nondependent substance misusers highlights the need for practitioners to intervene with this population before a parent has developed substance dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McGovern
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Eilish Gilvarry
- Northumberland, Tyne and Wear Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Addison
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Alderson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Geijer-Simpson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Raghu Lingam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debbie Smart
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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13
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Plant CP, Donohue B, Freeman AJ, Allen DN. Examination of the Influence of Cognitive Behavior Therapy Components, Consumer Satisfaction and Engagement in Mothers Referred for Drug Abuse and Child Neglect on Treatment Outcomes. Behav Modif 2020; 45:1011-1040. [PMID: 32578438 DOI: 10.1177/0145445520935394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychological interventions for child maltreatment have predominately been limited to family-supported, multi-component behavioral therapies. Although these comprehensive programs have resulted in positive outcomes, they are relatively costly and there is limited information available as to how the components of these programs influence treatment outcomes. In this study, the CBT components of an evidence-based treatment for child neglect and drug abuse (Family Behavior Therapy) were examined in regards to consumer preferences, consumer engagement and treatment outcomes. Thirty-five mothers identified for child neglect and drug abuse were administered various CBT components successively and cumulatively based on their preferences. Repeated measure ANOVAs indicated that participants chose to receive components that were specific to managing antecedents to drug abuse and child neglect most frequently, followed by parenting skills training, communication skills training, and job/financial skills training. No differences were found in treatment providers' ratings of the participants' engagement across intervention components throughout treatment. Participants rated the intervention components as similarly helpful. Partial correlations revealed that participants' ratings of helpfulness and provider ratings of participants' engagement were not associated with improved drug use outcomes at 6- and 10-months post baseline. Participants' ratings of helpfulness were associated with child maltreatment outcomes at 10-month post baseline, and provider ratings of participants' engagement were associated with child maltreatment outcomes at both 6- and 10-month post baseline. Participants identified for neglect not related to drug exposure in utero improved at a higher percentage than did participants identified for in utero drug exposure, and receiving behavioral intervention components more frequently led to greater percentages of participants improving in both drug use and child maltreatment outcomes.
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14
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Lowthian E, Moore G, Greene G, Kristensen SM, Moore SC. A Latent Class Analysis of Parental Alcohol and Drug Use: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Addict Behav 2020; 104:106281. [PMID: 31958709 PMCID: PMC7378565 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We identified four parental substance use classes using quantity-frequency measures. Heavy use of alcohol formed a class which also included a large proportion of drug users. Mothers’ and their partner’s tended to have similar patterns of substance use behaviours.
Previous measures of parental substance use have often paid limited attention to the co-occurrence of alcohol and drugs, or to the between-parent dynamics in the use of substances. These shortcomings may have important implications for our understandings of the relationship between parental substance use and child wellbeing. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK community-based cohort study from 1990 onwards (n = 9,451), we identified groups of parental substance use using latent class analysis. The 4-class solution offered the best fit, balancing statistical criteria and theoretical judgement. The results show distinct classes across the range of parental substance use, including very low users, low users, moderate users and heavy users. These classes suggest that substance use patterns among mothers are somewhat mirrored by those of their partners, while heavy use of alcohol by mothers and their partners is related to increased mothers drug use. We suggest that studies that investigate the effects of parental substance use on child wellbeing should pay greater attention to the dynamics of substance use by parental figures.
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15
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Moan IS, Bye EK, Storvoll EE, Lund IO. Self-reported harm from others' alcohol, cigarette and illegal drug use in Norway. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2019; 36:413-429. [PMID: 32934576 PMCID: PMC7434141 DOI: 10.1177/1455072519836372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS While it is documented that substance use harms others than the user, less is known about which substances people experience most harm from, and who the victims and perpetrators are. The aims were: (i) to estimate the prevalence of and overlap in self-reported harm from others' alcohol, cigarette, and illegal drug use; (ii) to examine potential differences in the prevalence of harm from close relations' and strangers' use; and (iii) to examine how the prevalence of harm varies according to demographics and the respondents' substance use. METHODS Population surveys conducted among 16-64-year-old Norwegians in 2012 and 2016 (N = 3407) assessed self-reported harm from others' alcohol, cigarette and illegal drug use with identical measures, demographic variables and the respondents' substance use. RESULTS Experience of harm from others' alcohol use was most common, followed by others' smoking. For all three substances, a higher proportion experienced harm from close relations' use. Nearly half had experienced harm from others' use of at least one substance. Women and younger participants were more likely to report harm from others' alcohol and cigarette use. While alcohol and illegal drug users were more often harmed by others' use of these substances, smokers reported being less often harmed by others' smoking. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported harm from others' alcohol, cigarette and illegal drug use corresponds with the prevalence of use of these substances in Norway. For all three substances, close relations' use accounted for more harm than strangers' use. Own substance use was an important correlate of experienced harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Synnøve Moan
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norway
| | - Elin K Bye
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norway
| | - Elisabet E Storvoll
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norway
| | - Ingunn Olea Lund
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Mental Disorders, Norway
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16
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Trangenstein P, Wall P, Jernigan D. Collateral damage from college drinking: A conceptual framework for alcohol's harms to others among US college students. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1297-1308. [PMID: 31008671 PMCID: PMC6510638 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1573836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing literature shows that drinkers can harm bystanders through alcohol-related harms to others (HTO). The burden of HTO is particularly consequential in college environments, where heavy alcohol consumption and related harms are highly prevalent. A key limitation to the current literature on HTO among college students is that the determinants of HTO in college settings are not well-described. OBJECTIVE This article presents an evidence- and theory-based conceptual framework of HTO among United States college students. METHODS This study used a literature review in Embase, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science to determine the prevalence of HTO among college students and literature gaps. Researchers supplemented college HTO literature with broader HTO literature to develop a conceptual framework. RESULTS Prevalence estimates for HTO among college populations range from 59% to 84%. Literature on HTO among college students is mostly confined to brief sections of larger surveys. The college HTO literature lacks the level of detail necessary to support methodologically rigorous research. CONCLUSIONS HTO are prevalent among college populations but their prevalence and etiology are not well understood. This likely leads to systematic undercounting of the impact of alcohol in college settings, exacerbating the "translation" gap between what the research says is effective and what colleges actually do. Better understanding of HTO mechanisms through which drinkers harm those around them would inform alcohol research and policy on college campuses, and lead to more accurate assessments of the degree to which stronger alcohol policies could benefit all students, regardless of their drinking patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Payton Wall
- Johns Hopkins University, Public Health Studies Department, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Jernigan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Abstract
Mothers have used opioids for thousands of years but neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) or rather, survivors of NAS, is a modern phenomenon. Unrecognized and/or untreated opioid withdrawal was almost always fatal but with greater awareness and standardization of treatment, NAS is now an uncommon direct cause of infant death. However, opioids are now increasingly accessible and potent and the outcomes of children after the neonatal period are of great concern, especially when coupled with multiple other social and health risks. Complex individual, environmental and genetic factors need to be considered when assessing outcomes or future research for babies with NAS. Any intervention or research efforts must address these multifactorial complexities. This review will discuss pertinent post neonatal outcomes, including mortality, physical and mental health and social functioning of children with a history of NAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Lee Oei
- Department of Newborn Care, The Royal Hospital for Women, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia; Drug and Alcohol Services, Murrumbidgee Local Health District, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia.
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18
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Donohue B, Plant CP, Chow G, Schubert K, Bradshaw K, Urgelles Cappellano J, Allen DN. Contribution of Illicit/Non-Prescribed Marijuana and Hard-Drug Use to Child-Abuse and Neglect Potential while Considering Social Desirability. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK 2019; 49:77-95. [PMID: 30799884 PMCID: PMC6368102 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Illicit drug use by mothers has been indicated to increase child abuse and neglect. However, investigators have not assessed the relative contribution of particular drugs on child-abuse and neglect potential using validated measures with collateral reports. This study compares the contribution of marijuana and hard-drug use to child-abuse and neglect potential in mothers referred to behavioural treatment by child-protective services. Reports of marijuana and hard-drug use by mothers were three times higher than reports of the mothers' marijuana and hard-drug use by family or friends, and marijuana- and hard-drug-use reports by mothers were more consistent with urinalysis testing than their significant others. Regression analyses showed mothers' marijuana and hard-drug-use reports contributed to their potential to abuse and neglect irrespective of socially desirable responding, stress and socio-demographic variables. Reports of mothers' marijuana and hard-drug use by significant others were not associated with mothers' child-abuse and neglect potential. Thus, mothers' self-reports of marijuana and hard-drug use appear to provide greater utility in the prediction of child abuse and neglect, as compared to reports from their significant others. Future recommendations and study limitations are discussed in light of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Graig Chow
- Florida State University, College of Education, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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19
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Tamutienė I, Jogaitė B. Disclosure of alcohol-related harm: Children's experiences. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2018; 36:209-222. [PMID: 32934561 PMCID: PMC7434161 DOI: 10.1177/1455072518807789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: (1) to learn to whom children disclose experiences of harm caused
by their parents’ or carers’ substance abuse, (2) to show
whether professionals enable children to disclose this harm, and
(3) to highlight what kind of assistance they provide after
disclosure of harm. Methods: The study is based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with
children living with alcohol-abusing caregivers in Lithuania.
Twenty-three children, aged from 8 to 18 years, from social risk
families participated in this study. Results: Children suffer not only from the maltreatment itself, but also
from the associative stigma of the caregivers’ drinking. They
prefer to disclose their troubles in informal settings because
professionals often do not help children to disclose harm and
may even ignore it. Conclusion: The analysis shows that when children reveal parental alcohol
problems, there is no inquiry, follow-up, or management of the
children’s problems related to the caregivers’ drinking. And
yet, protective factors such as social support and positive
experiences may enhance children’s resilience in adverse
conditions. Policy-makers should reduce barriers to disclosure
and refocus their strategies from risk identification to
identification of protective factors. Professionals need to
develop an understanding about how they can support children to
disclose harms related to the caregivers’ drinking so that harms
to children can be managed sensitively and well.
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20
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Martikainen P, Korhonen K, Moustgaard H, Aaltonen M, Remes H. Substance abuse in parents and subsequent risk of offspring psychiatric morbidity in late adolescence and early adulthood: A longitudinal analysis of siblings and their parents. Soc Sci Med 2018; 217:106-111. [PMID: 30300760 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of substance abuse on other family members are not fully established. We estimate the contribution of parental substance abuse on offspring psychiatric morbidity in late adolescence and early adulthood, with emphasis on the timing and persistency of exposure. We used a nationally representative 20% sample of Finnish families with children born in 1986-1996 (n = 136,604) followed up in 1986-2011. We identified parental substance abuse and offspring psychiatric morbidity from hospital discharge records, death records and medication registers. The effects of parental substance abuse at ages 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 on psychiatric morbidity after age 15 were estimated using population averaged and sibling fixed effects models; the latter controlling for unobserved factors shared by siblings. Parental substance abuse at ages 0-14 was associated with almost 2-fold increase in offspring psychiatric morbidity (HR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.78-1.95). Adjustment for childhood parental education, income, social class and family type reduced these effects by about 50%, with some further attenuation after adjustment for time-varying offspring characteristics. In the sibling fixed effects models those exposed at 0-4 or 5-9 years had 20% (HR = 1.20, 95% CI 0.90-1.60) and 33% (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.74) excess morbidity respectively. Also in sibling models those with early exposure at ages 0-4 combined with repeated exposure in later childhood had about 80-90% higher psychiatric morbidity as compared to never exposed siblings (e.g. for those exposed throughout childhood HR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.01-3.25). Childhood exposure to parental substance abuse is strongly associated with subsequent psychiatric morbidity. Although these effects are to a large extent due to other characteristics shared within the parental home, repeated exposure to parental substance abuse is independently associated with later psychiatric morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Martikainen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany.
| | - Kaarina Korhonen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heta Moustgaard
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Aaltonen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Remes
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Bartle-Haring S, Slesnick N, Murnan A. Benefits to Children Who Participate in Family Therapy with their Substance-Using Mother. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2018; 44:671-686. [PMID: 28950404 PMCID: PMC10134504 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is rare that family members other than the identified patient are followed over time in studies of therapy effectiveness. Family therapy is believed to be effective because it targets processes within the system that maintain symptoms. If these processes are changed, then all family members can benefit. Using a sample of 183 mother-child dyads from a study comparing family therapy for adult substance use versus an attention control, change in child's substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) was estimated. Children who participated in family therapy with their mothers showed greater decreases in alcohol and tobacco use and were less likely to begin using compared to children whose mothers participated in the attention control condition.
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22
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Oei JL. Adult consequences of prenatal drug exposure. Intern Med J 2018; 48:25-31. [PMID: 29314518 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal drug use is not new but over the last few decades, the number of mothers using drugs of addiction has escalated to epidemic levels. These drugs are both legal (e.g. prescription medication) and illegal (e.g. heroin) and all will cross the placental barrier into the developing infant. The most immediate and obvious consequence of intra-uterine drug exposure is newborn withdrawal or the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) which is now, with prompt recognition and treatment, an uncommon cause of neonatal death. Thousands (if not millions) of adults most likely would have had a history of passive drug exposure during gestation and the outcomes of these people are unknown. Most are physically healthy and do not need extra medical attention but the effects of prenatal drug exposure may be subtle and extensive. Drug-use disorders are accompanied by a myriad of other adverse problems, including poverty, mental and physical health problems and inadequate parenting ability that may compound the negative effects of drugs. Emerging data suggest that vulnerability to health and neurocognitive issues are pervasive and long-lasting as are lifestyle issues. This review will address current evidence in this area and highlight the knowledge gaps that must be addressed in order to optimise the outcomes for this vulnerable and marginalised but rapidly expanding population of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Lee Oei
- Department of Newborn Care, The Royal Hospital for Women, and School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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McGovern R, Stamp E, Javanbakht M, McColl E, Hickman M, Kaner E. Promoting Alcohol Reduction in Non-Treatment Seeking parents (PAReNTS): a protocol for a pilot feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial of alcohol screening and brief interventions to reduce parental alcohol use disorders in vulnerable families. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018; 4:111. [PMID: 29930865 PMCID: PMC5994069 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-018-0305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research estimates that 30% of children under the age of 16 years in the UK live with at least one parent with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Parental AUDs are associated with adverse childhood experiences and poorer outcomes for children. The PAReNTS (Promoting Alcohol Reduction in Non-Treatment Seeking parents) trial aims to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a randomised controlled trial of brief alcohol interventions to reduce parental alcohol misuse. Methods The cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted within early help family support and children’s social care services in three local authorities in the North East of England: Newcastle, Durham and North Tyneside. All eligible parents the caseloads of participating practitioners will be screened for an AUD using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test – Consumption (AUDIT-C) screening tool by the social care practitioners within routine appointments. All parents who score 5 or more on the AUDIT-C will be invited to participate in the trial. Consenting participants will complete a baseline questionnaire before receiving one of three randomised interventions: (i) healthy lifestyle leaflet (control intervention); (ii) a brief alcohol advice intervention delivered by the social care practitioner plus healthy lifestyle leaflet; (iii) a brief alcohol advice intervention delivered by the social care practitioner, healthy lifestyle leaflet plus a 40-min behaviour change intervention with an optional review session delivered by the local alcohol service. Follow-up data will be collected 6 and 12 months post recruitment. A linked qualitative study will explore participating parent and practitioner views on the acceptability of trial processes and interventions. Discussion The PAReNTS trial will provide a robust estimate of recruitment, retention and consent rates in order to inform the design of a future definitive study examining the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alcohol screening and brief interventions to reduce parental AUDs within vulnerable families. Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN60291091; protocol version 2; 17.10.2016 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40814-018-0305-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McGovern
- 1Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elaine Stamp
- 1Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mehdi Javanbakht
- 1Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elaine McColl
- 1Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- 2School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- 1Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Tamutienė I. Alcohol-related child maltreatment: Reports to the Child Rights Protection Service in Kaunas municipality. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2018; 35:9-23. [PMID: 32934510 PMCID: PMC7434118 DOI: 10.1177/1455072517749132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To increase understanding of alcohol-related child maltreatment on the basis of child protection cases in Lithuania. The study is based on a document content analysis of 203 case records of families at social risk. It identifies the prevalence of alcohol-related harm by analysing associations between types of drinkers and child maltreatment. It also maps the distribution of people who typically report this maltreatment. Both qualitative and quantitative analytical approaches are employed. Results Child neglect was the most prevalent type of child maltreatment and was usually reported together with other types of child maltreatment. Child maltreatment was typically mentioned in the context of a caregiver's heavy drinking. In 85.7% (174) of the cases, the family had at least one problem drinker. More than one problem drinker was detected in as many as a third of all cases. At least one form of child maltreatment was detected in families with a drinking mother in 60% of the cases (χ2 = 4.825, p < 0.05), with a drinking father in 36% of the cases (p > 0.05), and in 15% of the cases (p > 0.05) when there was a drinking partner in the family. The most common source of reporting by the authorities was the police (26.6%), and the most typical non-official source was the child's relatives (16.3%). Conclusions Alcohol-related child maltreatment needs special attention if issues of child safety in Lithuania are to be disclosed, evaluated, and responded to. Further research on this topic is needed.
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McGovern R, Addison MT, Newham JJ, Hickman M, Kaner EFS. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McGovern
- Newcastle University; Institute of Health & Society; Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE2 4AX
| | - Michelle T Addison
- Newcastle University; Institute of Health and Society; Medical Faculty Baddiley-Clark Building Richardson Road Newcastle Upon Tyne UK NE2 4AX
| | - James J Newham
- King's College London; Primary Care & Public Health Sciences; Addison House, Guy's campus London UK SE1 1UL
| | - Matthew Hickman
- University of Bristol; School of Social and Community Medicine; Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road Bristol UK BS8 2PS
| | - Eileen FS Kaner
- Newcastle University; Institute of Health and Society; Richardson Road Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE2 4AX
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26
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Laslett AML, Waleewong O, Obot I, Benegal V, Hettige S, Florenzano R, Hanh HTM, Hanh VTM, Rao GN, Room R. Scoping Response System Management of Alcohol's Harm to others in Lower Middle Income Countries. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/nsad-2016-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims As part of the WHO Harm from others' drinking project, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Chile, Nigeria and Vietnam undertook scoping studies to examine: which service agencies in low and middle income countries responded to people affected by others' drinking; how commonly key informants from these agencies indicated alcohol was part of the problems they managed; and whether any routine reporting systems collected information on alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) and the types and examples of harms experienced across the six countries. Methods Researchers synthetised within country peer-review literature, reports, news and agency website information. Additionally, researchers interviewed key informants to investigate current structures, functions and practices of service agencies, and in particular their recording practices surrounding cases involving others' drinking. Results 111 key informants agreed to participate from 91 purposively selected agencies from health, social protection, justice and police, and ‘other' sectors. National and provincial level data, as well as state-run and civil society agency data were collected. Diverse service response systems managed AHTO in the different countries. A large range in the percentage of all cases attributed to AHTO was identified. Case story examples from each country illustrate the different responses to, and the nature of, many severe problems experienced because of others' drinking. Conclusions AHTO was a major issue for service systems in LMIC, and significantly contributed to their workload, yet, very few recording systems routinely collected AHTO data. Recommendations are outlined to improve AHTO data collection across multiple sectors and enable LMIC to better identify and respond to AHTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Louise Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Orratai Waleewong
- Thai Health Promotion Foundation School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne
| | - Isidore Obot
- Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse (CRISA) Uyo, Nigeria Department of Psychology University of Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences Bangalore, India
| | - Siri Hettige
- Department of Sociology University of Colombo, Sri Lanka; Globalism Research Centre School of Social Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ramon Florenzano
- Universidad del Desarrollo Servicio de Psiquiatria Hospital del Salvador Santiago de Chile
| | | | - Vu Thi Minh Hanh
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute (HSPI) Ministry of Health, Vietnam
| | - Girish N Rao
- Centre for Public Health National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences Bangalore, India
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Taylor MF, Marquis R, Coall D, Wilkinson C. Substance Misuse–Related Parental Child Maltreatment. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042616683670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In Australia, children removed from the parental home because substance use–related child maltreatment issues are commonly placed in grandparent custodial care; however, the longer term relational costs of this approach have yet to be determined. Conventional, summative, and directive content analyses were conducted on data extracted from 88 Australian custodial grandparent completed Grandcarer Needs, Wellbeing and Health Surveys. Conventional analysis revealed the most common reason grandparents gave for their assumption of custodial care was drug use–related acts of parental child maltreatment. Summative analysis revealed antidepressants, marijuana, Valium, ice, and amphetamines were the most commonly used parental drugs and that these drugs were frequently used in combination with dexamphetamine, antipsychotics, heroin, ecstasy, and cocaine. Directed analysis contextualized the strain that drug use–related custodial caregiving places on grandparents’ financial resources, and how this strain is burdensome when the grandparents’ annual income is less than Aus$80,000. It also contextualizes the need for future research to explore family reunification desires/barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Coall
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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28
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Contextualizing Alcohol's Harm to others in Space and over Time. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/nsad-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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29
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Tamutiene I, Laslett AM. Associative stigma and other harms in a sample of families of heavy drinkers in Lithuania. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2016.1232760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Tamutiene
- Department of Public Administration, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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30
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Raitasalo K, Holmila M. Parental substance abuse and risks to children’s safety, health and psychological development. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2016.1232371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marja Holmila
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Alcohol and Drugs, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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SUBSTANCE-ABUSING PREGNANT WOMEN: PRENATAL INTERVENTION USING ULTRASOUND CONSULTATION AND MENTALIZATION TO ENHANCE THE MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP AND REDUCE SUBSTANCE USE. Infant Ment Health J 2016; 37:317-34. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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32
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Uebel H, Wright IM, Burns L, Hilder L, Bajuk B, Breen C, Abdel-Latif ME, Ward M, Eastwood J, Feller JM, Falconer J, Clews S, Oei JL. Epidemiological Evidence for a Decreasing Incidence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, 2000-11. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2016; 30:267-73. [PMID: 26849178 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyses the incidence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) in a large geographically defined population in Australia. METHOD Database linkage analysis of all births between 2000 and 2011 in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The diagnosis of NAS was derived from hospital coding P96.1, 'Neonatal withdrawal symptoms from maternal use of drugs of addiction'. Temporal trends were studied by comparing epoch 1 (2000-05) with epoch 2 (2006-11). The relationship with changes in maternal factors was further analysed. RESULTS The NAS was coded in 3842 of 1 022 263 live born infants (0.38%). NAS incidence peaked at 5.07 per 1000 live births in 2002, decreasing to 3.18 in 2011 and was negatively correlated with maternal age (r = -0.7). The rate of NAS in epoch 2 (3.4 per 1000 births, 95% CI 3.28, 3.58) was significantly lower than in epoch 1 (4.1 per 1000 births, 95% CI 3.96, 4.33). Epoch 2 mothers were significantly older (mean 29.8 years vs. 28.3 years), less likely to be multiparous (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6, 0.9) or smoke (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.4, 0.5). They were more likely to engage in antenatal care earlier (mean first visit: 14.1 vs. 18.9 weeks). Most infants (~80%) were born at term (>37 weeks gestation). CONCLUSION The incidence of NAS as a discharge diagnosis has decreased in our population since 2002. Mothers are also older and engaging earlier in prenatal care. Whether these changes alter NAS presentation and diagnosis or whether pregnant women are using drugs that do not cause typical NAS (e.g. amphetamines) is uncertain and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Uebel
- School of Women's and Children's Heath, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian M Wright
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy Burns
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Hilder
- School of Women's and Children's Heath, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Bajuk
- Perinatal Services Network, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Courtney Breen
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohamed E Abdel-Latif
- Department of Neonatology, The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, the Australian National University, Deakin, ACT, Australia
| | - Meredith Ward
- School of Women's and Children's Heath, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Department of Newborn Care, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - John Eastwood
- School of Women's and Children's Heath, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - John M Feller
- School of Women's and Children's Heath, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Sara Clews
- The Langton Centre, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
| | - Ju Lee Oei
- School of Women's and Children's Heath, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Department of Newborn Care, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Esser MB, Rao GN, Gururaj G, Murthy P, Jayarajan D, Sethu L, Jernigan DH, Benegal V. Physical abuse, psychological abuse and neglect: Evidence of alcohol-related harm to children in five states of India. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 35:530-8. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa B. Esser
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore USA
| | - Girish N. Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, Centre for Public Health; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences; Bangalore India
| | - Gopalkrishna Gururaj
- Department of Epidemiology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, Centre for Public Health; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences; Bangalore India
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences; Bangalore India
| | - Deepak Jayarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences; Bangalore India
| | - Lakshmanan Sethu
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences; Bangalore India
| | - David H. Jernigan
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore USA
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences; Bangalore India
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Lund IO, Bukten A. Harm to Others from Substance Use and Abuse: The Underused Potential in Nationwide Registers. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2015; 9:33-8. [PMID: 26560694 PMCID: PMC4629638 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article considers the potential in using nationwide registers to study harm to others from substance use and abuse. The advantages of using registry data include the opportunity to include the data on the entire population nationwide and continuously updated longitudinal datasets; they allow for studying small subpopulations and have little missing data. Personal identification numbers and family numbers enable linkage of data from different registers. Such datasets can include extensive information on individual and family levels. In this article, we provide an introduction to nationwide registers and explain how they can be applied to investigate two types of third-party harms: harm to children and harm to partners/spouses from substance use and abuse in parents and partners/spouses. Finally, we discuss challenges, benefits, and ethical considerations regarding the use of such data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Olea Lund
- The Norwegian Institute of Alcohol and Drug Research (SIRUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Bukten
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Oslo, Norway
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35
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Hamilton M. Reflecting on the interface between alcohol and other drug use, parenting and the outcomes for children in the modern state. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 34:1-3. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Hamilton
- School of Population & Global Health; University of Melbourne; Australia
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36
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Lund IO, Sundin E, Konijnenberg C, Rognmo K, Martinez P, Fielder A. Harm to Others From Substance Use and Abuse. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2015; 9:119-24. [PMID: 27199564 PMCID: PMC4861007 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s39722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Olea Lund
- Research Scientist, Department of Alcohol, Drug and Tobacco Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erica Sundin
- Research Analyst, Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolien Konijnenberg
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Cognitive Developmental Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kamilla Rognmo
- Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Priscilla Martinez
- Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate Scientist, Alcohol Research Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Fielder
- Senior Lecturer in Biosciences, Division of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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