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Wątroba M, Grabowska AD, Szukiewicz D. Effects of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Dysglycemia on the Functions of Blood-Brain Barrier and the Risk of Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10069. [PMID: 37373216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases worldwide, and its long-term complications include neuropathy, referring both to the peripheral and to the central nervous system. Detrimental effects of dysglycemia, especially hyperglycemia, on the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), seem to be a significant backgrounds of diabetic neuropathy pertaining to the central nervous system (CNS). Effects of hyperglycemia, including excessive glucose influx to insulin-independent cells, may induce oxidative stress and secondary innate immunity dependent inflammatory response, which can damage cells within the CNS, thus promoting neurodegeneration and dementia. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) may exert similar, pro-inflammatory effects through activating receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), as well as some pattern-recognition receptors (PRR). Moreover, long-term hyperglycemia can promote brain insulin resistance, which may in turn promote Aβ aggregate accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. This review is focused on a detailed analysis of the effects mentioned above towards the CNS, with special regard to mechanisms taking part in the pathogenesis of central long-term complications of diabetes mellitus initiated by the loss of BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wątroba
- Laboratory of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna D Grabowska
- Laboratory of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Laboratory of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Csongová M, Scheijen JLJM, van de Waarenburg MPH, Gurecká R, Koborová I, Tábi T, Szökö É, Schalkwijk CG, Šebeková K. Association of α-Dicarbonyls and Advanced Glycation End Products with Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Young Subjects: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224929. [PMID: 36432614 PMCID: PMC9695161 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance by a variety of mechanisms. To investigate whether young insulin-resistant subjects present markers of increased dicarbonyl stress, we determined serum α-dicarbonyls-methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone; their derived free- and protein-bound, and urinary AGEs using the UPLC/MS-MS method; soluble receptors for AGEs (sRAGE), and cardiometabolic risk markers in 142 (49% females) insulin resistant (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) ≤ 0.319) and 167 (47% females) age-, and waist-to-height ratio-matched insulin-sensitive controls aged 16-to-22 years. The between-group comparison was performed using the two-factor (sex, presence/absence of insulin resistance) analysis of variance; multiple regression via the orthogonal projection to latent structures model. In comparison with their insulin-sensitive peers, young healthy insulin-resistant individuals without diabetes manifest alterations throughout the α-dicarbonyls-AGEs-sRAGE axis, dominated by higher 3-deoxyglucosone levels. Variables of α-dicarbonyls-AGEs-sRAGE axis were associated with insulin sensitivity independently from cardiometabolic risk markers, and sex-specifically. Cleaved RAGE associates with QUICKI only in males; while multiple α-dicarbonyls and AGEs independently associate with QUICKI particularly in females, who displayed a more advantageous cardiometabolic profile compared with males. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether interventions alleviating dicarbonyl stress ameliorate insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Csongová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jean L. J. M. Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Radana Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Koborová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Szökö
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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3
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Sabbatinelli J, Castiglione S, Macrì F, Giuliani A, Ramini D, Vinci MC, Tortato E, Bonfigli AR, Olivieri F, Raucci A. Circulating levels of AGEs and soluble RAGE isoforms are associated with all-cause mortality and development of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:95. [PMID: 35668468 PMCID: PMC9169316 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) play a pivotal role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. In this retrospective cohort study, we explored the association of circulating levels of soluble RAGE (sRAGE) isoforms, i.e., endogenous secretory esRAGE and cleaved cRAGE, AGEs and their respective ratios with 15-year all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Baseline AGEs and sRAGE isoforms concentration were measured by ELISA in 362 patients with type 2 diabetes and in 125 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (CTR). Independent predictors of mortality were determined using Cox proportional-hazards models and used to build and validate a nomogram for all-cause mortality prediction in type 2 diabetes. RESULTS AGEs, total sRAGE, cRAGE and the AGEs/sRAGE and AGEs/esRAGE ratios were significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to CTR (p < 0.001). In CTR subjects, but not in type 2 diabetes patients, a significant negative correlation between cRAGE and age was confirmed (p = 0.003), whereas the AGEs/sRAGE (p = 0.032) and AGEs/cRAGE (p = 0.006) ratios were positively associated with age. At an average follow-up of 15 years (4,982 person-years), 130 deaths were observed. The increase in the AGEs/cRAGE ratio was accompanied by a higher risk of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (HR per each SD increment = 1.30, 95% CI 1.15-1.47; p < 0.001). Moreover, sRAGE was associated with the development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetes patients without previous MACE (OR for each SD increase: 1.48, 95% CI 1.11-1.89). A nomogram based on age, sex, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, and the AGEs/cRAGE ratio was built to predict 5-, 10- and 15-year survival in type 2 diabetes. Patients were categorized into quartiles of the monogram scores and Kaplan-Meier survival curves confirmed the prognostic accuracy of the model (log-rank p = 6.5 × 10- 13). CONCLUSIONS The ratio between AGEs and the cRAGE isoform is predictive of 15-year survival in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our data support the assessment of circulating AGEs and soluble RAGE isoforms in patients with type 2 diabetes as predictors of MACE and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Castiglione
- Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Macrì
- Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Deborah Ramini
- Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostic, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Vinci
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tortato
- Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology Department, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
- Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostic, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angela Raucci
- Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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4
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Steenbeke M, De Bruyne S, De Buyzere M, Lapauw B, Speeckaert R, Petrovic M, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM. The role of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) in the general population and patients with diabetes mellitus with a focus on renal function and overall outcome. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:113-130. [PMID: 32669010 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1791045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isoforms of the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) protein, which lack the transmembrane and the signaling (soluble RAGE or sRAGE) domains are hypothesized to counteract the detrimental action of the full-length receptor by acting as a decoy, and they provide a potential tool to treat RAGE-associated diseases. Multiple studies have explored the relationship between sRAGE and endogenous secretory RAGE and its polymorphism and obesity, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, kidney function, and increased mortality in the general population. In addition, sRAGE may be a key player in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its microvascular (e.g. kidney disease) as well as macrovascular (e.g. cardiovascular disease) complications. In this review, we focus on the role of sRAGE as a biomarker in these specific areas. As there is a lack of an underlying unifying hypothesis about how sRAGE changes according to the disease condition or risk factor, there is a call to incorporate all three players of the AGE-RAGE axis into a new universal biomarker/risk marker: (AGE + RAGE)/sRAGE. However, the measurement of RAGE in humans is not practical as it is a cell-bound receptor for which tissue is required for analysis. A high AGE/sRAGE ratio may be a valuable alternative and practical universal biomarker/risk marker for diseases associated with the AGE-RAGE axis, irrespective of low or high serum sRAGE concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Steenbeke
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander De Bruyne
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc De Buyzere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Mirko Petrovic
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
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Moldogazieva NT, Mokhosoev IM, Mel'nikova TI, Porozov YB, Terentiev AA. Oxidative Stress and Advanced Lipoxidation and Glycation End Products (ALEs and AGEs) in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3085756. [PMID: 31485289 PMCID: PMC6710759 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3085756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a consequence of the use of oxygen in aerobic respiration by living organisms and is denoted as a persistent condition of an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of the endogenous antioxidant system (AOS) to detoxify them. The oxidative stress theory has been confirmed in many animal studies, which demonstrated that the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and biomolecular stability and integrity is crucial for cellular longevity and successful aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein homeostasis (proteostasis) network, alteration in the activities of transcription factors such as Nrf2 and NF-κB, and disturbances in the protein quality control machinery that includes molecular chaperones, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and autophagy/lysosome pathway have been observed during aging and age-related chronic diseases. The accumulation of ROS under oxidative stress conditions results in the induction of lipid peroxidation and glycoxidation reactions, which leads to the elevated endogenous production of reactive aldehydes and their derivatives such as glyoxal, methylglyoxal (MG), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) giving rise to advanced lipoxidation and glycation end products (ALEs and AGEs, respectively). Both ALEs and AGEs play key roles in cellular response to oxidative stress stimuli through the regulation of a variety of cell signaling pathways. However, elevated ALE and AGE production leads to protein cross-linking and aggregation resulting in an alteration in cell signaling and functioning which causes cell damage and death. This is implicated in aging and various age-related chronic pathologies such as inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, and vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. In the present review, we discuss experimental data evidencing the impairment in cellular functions caused by AGE/ALE accumulation under oxidative stress conditions. We focused on the implications of ALEs/AGEs in aging and age-related diseases to demonstrate that the identification of cellular dysfunctions involved in disease initiation and progression can serve as a basis for the discovery of relevant therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T. Moldogazieva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Innokenty M. Mokhosoev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanov Street, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Mel'nikova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri B. Porozov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 49 Kronverksky Prospect, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Terentiev
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanov Street, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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6
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Miranda ER, Fuller KNZ, Perkins RK, Beisswenger PJ, Farabi SS, Quinn L, Haus JM. Divergent Changes in Plasma AGEs and sRAGE Isoforms Following an Overnight Fast in T1DM. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020386. [PMID: 30781793 PMCID: PMC6413006 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) promote the development of diabetic complications through activation of their receptor (RAGE). Isoforms of soluble RAGE (sRAGE) sequester AGEs and protect against RAGE-mediated diabetic complications. We investigated the effect of an overnight fast on circulating metabolic substrates, hormones, AGEs, and sRAGE isoforms in 26 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Blood was collected from 26 young (18–30 years) T1DM patients on insulin pumps before and after an overnight fast. Circulating AGEs were measured via LC-MS/MS and sRAGE isoforms were analyzed via ELISA. Glucose, insulin, glucagon, and eGFRcystatin-c decreased while cortisol increased following the overnight fast (p < 0.05). AGEs (CML, CEL, 3DG-H, MG-H1, and G-H1) decreased (21–58%, p < 0.0001) while total sRAGE, cleaved RAGE (cRAGE), and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) increased (22–24%, p < 0.0001) following the overnight fast. The changes in sRAGE isoforms were inversely related to MG-H1 (rho = −0.493 to −0.589, p < 0.05) and the change in esRAGE was inversely related to the change in G-H1 (rho = −0.474, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analyses revealed a 1 pg/mL increase in total sRAGE, cRAGE, or esRAGE independently predicted a 0.42–0.52 nmol/L decrease in MG-H1. Short-term energy restriction via an overnight fast resulted in increased sRAGE isoforms and may be protective against AGE accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin R Miranda
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 401 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd. Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Ryan K Perkins
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 401 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Paul J Beisswenger
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Rd., Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Sarah S Farabi
- Endocrine, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Division of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl., Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Lauretta Quinn
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jacob M Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 401 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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7
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Miyoshi A, Koyama S, Sasagawa-Monden M, Kadoya M, Konishi K, Shoji T, Inaba M, Yamamoto Y, Koyama H. JNK and ATF4 as two important platforms for tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated shedding of receptor for advanced glycation end products. FASEB J 2018; 33:3575-3589. [PMID: 30452882 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701553rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), shed from cell surfaces, is found in human circulation and has been implicated in cardiovascular disease. Its pathophysiological regulation and underlying mechanisms are scarcely understood. In endothelium-specific human RAGE transgenic mice, human sRAGE was detected in circulation, whereas its level was markedly increased after LPS treatment. That increase was preceded by a rapid rise in TNF-α level. Treatment with TNF-α also significantly increased serum sRAGE. In human microvascular endothelial cells or human umbilical vein endothelial cells with RAGE overexpression, TNF-α markedly induced RAGE shedding, which was dependent on MMP9 and ADAM10. TNF-α-stimulated MMP9 expression was completely dependent on JNK activation, with its inhibition partially effective in suppressing TNF-α-induced RAGE shedding. In contrast, TNF-α transiently induced activation transcription factor (ATF)4, a major component in unfolded protein response (UPR), whereas knockdown of ATF4 abrogated TNF-α-stimulated RAGE shedding. Protein levels of the pro and activated forms of ADAM10 were also decreased by ATF4 knockdown, whereas inhibition of other components of UPR, including XBP1 and ATF6, failed to block TNF-α-stimulated RAGE shedding. Although the endoplasmic reticulum stressors thapsigargin and tunicamycin induced markedly and sustained expression of ATF4 and XBP-1, they did not induce RAGE shedding to the same level as TNF-α, suggesting that ATF4 is necessary but not sufficient alone for TNF-α-mediated RAGE shedding. ATF4 inhibition did not affect TNF-α-stimulated MMP9 expression, whereas inhibition of JNK activity did not influence ADAM10 activation. Thus, inflammatory cascades including TNF-α induced RAGE shedding in endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. JNK and ATF4 may be 2 platforms for regulation of TNF-α-stimulated RAGE shedding.-Miyoshi, A., Koyama, S., Sasagawa-Monden, M., Kadoya, M., Konishi, K., Shoji, T., Inaba, M., Yamamoto, Y., Koyama, H. JNK and ATF4 as two important platforms for tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated shedding of receptor for advanced glycation end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Miyoshi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Sachie Koyama
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masayo Sasagawa-Monden
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Manabu Kadoya
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kosuke Konishi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takuhito Shoji
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Santos-Bezerra DP, Machado-Lima A, Monteiro MB, Admoni SN, Perez RV, Machado CG, Shimizu MH, Cavaleiro AM, Thieme K, Queiroz MS, Machado UF, Giannella-Neto D, Passarelli M, Corrêa-Giannella ML. Dietary advanced glycated end-products and medicines influence the expression of SIRT1 and DDOST in peripheral mononuclear cells from long-term type 1 diabetes patients. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:81-89. [PMID: 29027826 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117733918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to quantify expression of two genes coding for advanced glycation end-product receptors [RAGE ( AGER) and AGER1 ( DDOST)] and of the gene coding the deacetylase SIRT1 ( SIRT1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 1 diabetes patients without [Group A, n = 35; 28.5 (24-39) years old; median (interquartile interval)] or with at least one microvascular complication [Group B, n = 117; 34.5 (30-42) years old]; 31 healthy controls were also included. In a subgroup of 48 patients, daily advanced glycation end-products intake before blood collection was assessed. Lower expression of DDOST was found in patients than in controls after adjustment for sex, age, use of statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Higher expressions of AGER, DDOST and SIRT1 were observed in Group A. Stratifying by complications, AGER and DDOST expressions were higher in those without retinopathy and without diabetic kidney disease, respectively, compared to patients with these complications. Patients using statins or angiotensin receptor blockers presented higher expression of DDOST. Expression of SIRT1 was higher in patients consuming ≥12,872 KU daily of advanced glycation end-products. Although AGER, DDOST and SIRT1 are differently expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 1 diabetes patients with and without microvascular complications, they are also influenced by dietary advanced glycation end-products and by statins and angiotensin receptor blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele P Santos-Bezerra
- 1 Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios (LIM-18), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Machado-Lima
- 2 Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Monteiro
- 1 Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios (LIM-18), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sharon N Admoni
- 1 Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios (LIM-18), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo V Perez
- 1 Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios (LIM-18), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleide G Machado
- 3 Divisão de Oftalmologia, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Heloíza Shimizu
- 4 Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica em Doenças Renais (LIM-12), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M Cavaleiro
- 1 Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios (LIM-18), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Thieme
- 1 Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios (LIM-18), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia S Queiroz
- 5 Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan F Machado
- 6 Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Giannella-Neto
- 7 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- 2 Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Corrêa-Giannella
- 1 Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios (LIM-18), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- 7 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
- 8 Núcleo de Estudos e Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL/NETCEM) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Prasad K, Mishra M. AGE-RAGE Stress, Stressors, and Antistressors in Health and Disease. Int J Angiol 2017; 27:1-12. [PMID: 29483760 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1613678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse effects of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on the tissues are through nonreceptor- and receptor-mediated mechanisms. In the receptor-mediated mechanism, interaction of AGEs with its cell-bound receptor of AGE (RAGE) increases generation of oxygen radicals, activates nuclear factor-kappa B, and increases expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in the cellular damage. The deleterious effects of AGE and AGE-RAGE interaction are coined as "AGE-RAGE stress." The body is equipped with defense mechanisms to counteract the adverse effects of AGE and RAGE through endogenous enzymatic (glyoxalase 1, glyoxalase 2) and AGE receptor-mediated (AGER1, AGER2) degradation of AGE, and through elevation of soluble receptor of AGE (sRAGE). Exogenous defense mechanisms include reduction in consumption of AGE, prevention of AGE formation, and downregulation of RAGE expression. We have coined AGE and RAGE as "stressors" and the defense mechanisms as "anti-stressors." AGE-RAGE stress is defined as a shift in the balance between stressors and antistressors in the favor of stressors. Measurements of stressors or antistressors alone would not assess AGE-RAGE stress. For true assessment of AGE-RAGE stress, the equation should include all the stressors and antistressors. The equation for AGE-RAGE stress, therefore, would be the ratio of AGE + RAGE/sRAGE + glyoxalase1 + glyoxalase 2 + AGER1 +AGER2. This is, however, not practical in patients. AGE-RAGE stress may be assessed simply by the ratio of AGE/sRAGE. A high ratio of AGE/sRAGE indicates a relative shift in stressors from antistressors, suggesting the presence of AGE-RAGE stress, resulting in tissue damage, initiation, and progression of the diseases and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Manish Mishra
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada
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Brinkley TE, Leng X, Nicklas BJ, Kritchevsky SB, Ding J, Kitzman DW, Hundley WG. Racial differences in circulating levels of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts in middle-aged and older adults. Metabolism 2017; 70:98-106. [PMID: 28403949 PMCID: PMC5396843 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) have been implicated in a number of chronic diseases. Previous studies indicate that sRAGE levels are ~30% lower in Blacks compared to Whites. However, the reasons for these differences are unclear. PURPOSE We aimed to identify predictors of circulating sRAGE biomarkers among Black and White adults at high cardiac risk. METHODS Serum levels of total sRAGE, endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), carboxymethyl-lysine (CML, a major RAGE ligand), and their ratios were measured in 99 Blacks and 454 Whites. RESULTS Blacks had a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile, as well as lower median levels of total sRAGE (972 vs. 1564pg/ml) and esRAGE (474 vs. 710pg/ml) compared to Whites (p<0.0001). In addition, the proportion of esRAGE was higher in Blacks (47% vs. 44%, p=0.02), as were the CML/total sRAGE (0.89 vs. 0.56ng/pg) and CML/esRAGE (1.72 vs. 1.20ng/pg) ratios (p<0.0001). Racial differences persisted after adjustment for key covariates including age, gender, tobacco use, comorbidities, BMI, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and renal function (p<0.05). Race alone accounted for nearly half of the variability in total sRAGE levels (10.6%; model explained 23.9%). In stratified analyses, gender and heart rate were independently associated with total sRAGE and esRAGE in Whites, while CML and C-reactive protein were associated with total sRAGE in Blacks. CONCLUSIONS We identified several independent predictors of sRAGE biomarkers. Notably, Black race was associated with an adverse AGE/RAGE profile, including lower sRAGE and higher CML/sRAGE ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina E Brinkley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
| | - Xiaoyan Leng
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jingzhong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - W Gregory Hundley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Gurecká R, Koborová I, Csongová M, Šebek J, Šebeková K. Correlation among soluble receptors for advanced glycation end-products, soluble vascular adhesion protein-1/semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (sVAP-1) and cardiometabolic risk markers in apparently healthy adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:599-606. [PMID: 27300745 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In non-diabetics, low levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycations end products (sRAGE) associate with an increased risk of development of diabetes, cardiovascular afflictions, or death. The majority of studies in non-diabetics report an inverse relationship between measures of obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors and sRAGE and/or endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) levels. To elucidate whether this inconsistency is related to the metabolically healthy obese phenotype, or a different impact of the risk factors in presence and absence of obesity, we analyzed data from 2206 apparently healthy adolescents (51 % girls) aged 15-to-19 years. The association of sRAGE levels with soluble vascular adhesion protein-1/semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (sVAP-1/SSAO) was also investigated. Centrally obese, including metabolically healthy, adolescents present significantly lower sRAGE and esRAGE, but not sVAP-1, levels in comparison with their lean counterparts. An increasing number of cardiometabolic risk factors did not associate with significant changes in sRAGE, esRAGE or sVAP-1 levels either in lean or in obese subjects. In multivariate analyses, WHtR, hsCRP, markers of glucose homeostasis, renal function, adiponectin, and sVAP-1 associated significantly with sRAGE and esRAGE. SVAP-1 correlated significantly with glycemia, adiponectin, hsCRP, and sRAGE. Thus, in adolescents, a decline in sRAGE and esRAGE precedes the development of metabolic syndrome. When combined, standard and non-standard cardiometabolic risk factors explain only minor proportion in a variability of sRAGE and esRAGE (8 %-11 %); or sVAP-1 (12 %-20 %). Elucidation of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying early decline in sRAGE and esRAGE levels in obese adolescents and their clinical impact with regard to future cardiometabolic health requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radana Gurecká
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Koborová
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Melinda Csongová
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Šebek
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Materials & Machine Mechanics, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Šebeková
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Braley A, Kwak T, Jules J, Harja E, Landgraf R, Hudson BI. Regulation of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) Ectodomain Shedding and Its Role in Cell Function. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12057-73. [PMID: 27022018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.702399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand transmembrane receptor that can undergo proteolysis at the cell surface to release a soluble ectodomain. Here we observed that ectodomain shedding of RAGE is critical for its role in regulating signaling and cellular function. Ectodomain shedding of both human and mouse RAGE was dependent on ADAM10 activity and induced with chemical activators of shedding (ionomycin, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate) and endogenous stimuli (serum and RAGE ligands). Ectopic expression of the splice variant of RAGE (RAGE splice variant 4), which is resistant to ectodomain shedding, inhibited RAGE ligand dependent cell signaling, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell spreading, and cell migration. We found that blockade of RAGE ligand signaling with soluble RAGE or inhibitors of MAPK or PI3K blocked RAGE-dependent cell migration but did not affect RAGE splice variant 4 cell migration. We finally demonstrated that RAGE function is dependent on secretase activity as ADAM10 and γ-secretase inhibitors blocked RAGE ligand-mediated cell migration. Together, our data suggest that proteolysis of RAGE is critical to mediate signaling and cell function and may therefore emerge as a novel therapeutic target for RAGE-dependent disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Braley
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Taekyoung Kwak
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Joel Jules
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Evis Harja
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Ralf Landgraf
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Barry I Hudson
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
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Glaser N, Lo W, Tancredi D, Orgain M, Puvenna V, Janigro D, O׳Donnell M. Levels of S100B in brain and blood of rats with diabetic ketoacidosis. Brain Res 2015; 1624:536-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Heier M, Margeirsdottir HD, Gaarder M, Stensæth KH, Brunborg C, Torjesen PA, Seljeflot I, Hanssen KF, Dahl-Jørgensen K. Soluble RAGE and atherosclerosis in youth with type 1 diabetes: a 5-year follow-up study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:126. [PMID: 26408307 PMCID: PMC4582642 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a role in the development of late complications and atherosclerosis in diabetes by engaging the receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE. Receptor binding leads to activation of the vascular endothelium and increased inflammation in the vessel wall. The soluble variants of the receptor, endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) and the cleaved cell-surface part of RAGE, which together comprise soluble RAGE (sRAGE), are suggested to have a protective effect acting as decoys for RAGE. We aimed to test whether high levels of soluble variants of RAGE could be protective against atherosclerosis development. METHODS Participants in the prospective atherosclerosis and childhood diabetes study were examined at baseline (aged 8-18) and at follow-up after 5 years. Both sRAGE and esRAGE were measured by immunoassay in 299 patients with type 1 diabetes and 112 healthy controls at baseline and 241 patients and 128 controls at follow-up. The AGEs methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1) and carboxymethyllysine (CML) were measured by immunoassay. The surrogate markers of atherosclerosis assessed were carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Young's modulus, measures of arterial wall thickness, inflammation and arterial stiffness, respectively. RESULTS Levels of sRAGE and esRAGE correlated strongly both at baseline and at follow-up in both diabetes patients and controls. With increasing age, mean values of both variants declined, independent of gender, diabetes or pubertal stage. In the diabetes group, multiple regression analysis showed a positive association between both variants of soluble RAGE and cIMT. There was no significant relationship with Young's modulus, but a negative association between sRAGE at baseline and CRP at follow-up. The ratios between the AGEs and the variants of soluble RAGE were increased in diabetes patients compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The results show a possible protective effect of high levels of sRAGE at baseline against inflammation 5 years later, but not on arterial stiffness or wall thickness, in this cohort of adolescents and young adults with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heier
- Pediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hanna Dis Margeirsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.
- Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Mario Gaarder
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Knut Haakon Stensæth
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Peter Abusdal Torjesen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Hormone Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kristian Folkvord Hanssen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Pediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway.
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Lee ACH, Lam JKY, Shiu SWM, Wong Y, Betteridge DJ, Tan KCB. Serum Level of Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Is Associated with A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10 in Type 1 Diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137330. [PMID: 26325204 PMCID: PMC4556489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, and soluble forms of the receptor (sRAGE) can counteract the detrimental action of the full-length receptor by acting as decoy. Soluble RAGE is produced by alternative splicing [endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE)] and/or by proteolytic cleavage of the membrane-bound receptor. We have investigated the role of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) in the ectodomain shedding of RAGE. METHODS Constitutive and insulin-induced shedding of RAGE in THP-1 macrophages by ADAM10 was evaluated using an ADAM10-specific metalloproteinase inhibitor. Serum ADAM10 level was measured in type 1 diabetes and control subjects, and the association with serum soluble RAGE was determined. Serum total sRAGE and esRAGE were assayed by ELISA and the difference between total sRAGE and esRAGE gave an estimated measure of soluble RAGE formed by cleavage (cRAGE). RESULTS RAGE shedding (constitutive and insulin-induced) was significantly reduced after inhibition of ADAM10 in macrophages, and insulin stimulated ADAM10 expression and activity. Diabetic subjects have higher serum total sRAGE and esRAGE (p<0.01) than controls, and serum ADAM10 was also increased (p<0.01). Serum ADAM10 correlated with serum cRAGE in type 1 diabetes (r = 0.40, p<0.01) and in controls (r = 0.31. p<0.01) but no correlations were seen with esRAGE. The association remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking status and HbA1c. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that ADAM10 contributed to the shedding of RAGE. Serum ADAM10 level was increased in type 1 diabetes and was a significant determinant of circulating cRAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C. H. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joanne K. Y. Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sammy W. M. Shiu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - D. John Betteridge
- Department of Medicine, Royal Free & University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn C. B. Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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Schmidt AM. Soluble RAGEs - Prospects for treating & tracking metabolic and inflammatory disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 72:1-8. [PMID: 26130225 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence links the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) to the pathogenesis of tissue damage in chronic metabolic and inflammatory diseases. In human subjects, multiple reports suggest that in the plasma/serum, circulating levels of distinct forms of soluble RAGEs may be biomarkers of the presence or absence, and the extent of chronic disease. These considerations prompt us to consider in this review, what are soluble RAGEs; how are they formed; what might be their natural functions; and may they serve as biomarkers of inflammatory and metabolic disease activity? In this brief review, we seek to address what is known and suggest new areas for scientific investigation to uncover the biology of soluble RAGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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Prasad K. Pathophysiology and Medical Treatment of Carotid Artery Stenosis. Int J Angiol 2015; 24:158-72. [PMID: 26417183 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1554911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of mortality. Approximately 80 to 85% strokes are ischemic due to carotid artery stenosis (CAS). The prevalence of significant CAS is 7% in women and 9% in men. Severe asymptomatic CAS varies from 0 to 3.1%. Prevalence of symptomatic CAS is high in patients with peripheral arterial disease. CAS is due to atherosclerosis, the major risk factors for which include dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cigarette smoking, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptors (RAGE, soluble RAGE [sRAGE]), lack of exercise and C-reactive protein (CRP). This article discusses the basic mechanism of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms by which these risk factors induce atherosclerosis. The role of AGEs and its receptors in the development and progression of CAS has been discussed in detail. Lifestyle changes and medical treatment of CAS such as lifestyle changes, lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive agents, antidiabetic drugs, anti-AGE therapy, measures to elevate soluble receptors of AGE (sRAGE, esRAGE). CRP-lowering agents have been discussed in detail. The drugs especially lipid-lowering agents, and antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs suppress, regress, and slow the progression of CAS. The possible role of lowering the levels of AGEs and raising the levels of sRAGE in the treatment of CAS has been proposed. Lifestyle changes besides medical treatment have been stressed. Lifestyle changes and medical treatment not only would slow the progression of CAS but would also regress the CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Okada Y, Okada M. Effects of methanolic extracts from edible plants on endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products induced by the high glucose incubation in human endothelial cells. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:145-50. [PMID: 25883519 PMCID: PMC4399013 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.148783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In diabetic populations, endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) levels may be related to the degree of diabetic complications or to the protection from diabetic complications. Objective: We investigated the impact of 29 methanolic extracts from edible plants on esRAGE production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in high (4.5 g/L) glucose. Materials and Methods: Edible plants were minced, and extracts were obtained with methanol overnight. The methanolic extracts from 29 edible plants were evaporated in a vacuum. For screening study purposes, HUVECs were seeded in culture dishes (1.5 × 105 cells). Then, HUVECs were incubated with 1 g/L or 4.5 g/L of glucose in SFM CS-C medium treated with methanolic extracts from edible plants (MEEP) for 96 h. Determination of esRAGE production in the cell culture-derived supernatants was performed by colorimetric ELISA. The 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level was determined by using the 8-OHdG Check ELISA kit. Peroxynitrite-dependent oxidation of 2’, 7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein to 2’, 7’-dichlorofluorescein was estimated based on the method described by Crow. Because MEEP were methanolic extracts, we measured their total phenolic content (TPC). TPC was measured with a modified version of the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Results: The results showed eight extracts increased esRAGE production. The extract from white radish sprouts showed the highest esRAGE production activity, and then eggplant, carrot peel, young sweet corn, Jew's marrow, broad bean, Japanese radish and cauliflower. In order to understand the mechanism of esRAGE production, the eight extracts were examined for DNA damage, peroxynitrite scavenging activity, and TPC in correlation with their esRAGE production. The results showed esRAGE production correlates with the peroxynitrite level and TPC. Conclusion: This study supports the utilization of these eight extracts in folk medicine for improved treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okada
- Laboratory on Ageing and Health Management, Graduate School of Nursing and Health, Aichi Prefectural University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mizue Okada
- Nutrition Section, Ageing and Nutrition Research, Yms Laboratory, Gifu, Japan
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Salonen KM, Ryhänen SJ, Forbes JM, Borg DJ, Härkönen T, Ilonen J, Simell O, Veijola R, Groop PH, Knip M. Decrease in circulating concentrations of soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products at the time of seroconversion to autoantibody positivity in children with prediabetes. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:665-70. [PMID: 25573878 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their interactions with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) may play a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. This study set out to assess whether there is any association of circulating concentrations of soluble RAGE (sRAGE), AGEs, and their ratio with the appearance of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in children progressing to clinical diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum concentrations of sRAGE, N-ε(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) adducts, and the sRAGE/CML ratio were analyzed in children who progressed to type 1 diabetes. The samples were taken at four time points: before seroconversion, at the time of the first autoantibody-positive sample, at the time of the first sample positive for multiple (>2) autoantibodies, and close to the disease diagnosis. Samples of autoantibody-negative controls matched for age, sex, and HLA-conferred diabetes risk were analyzed at corresponding time points. RESULTS The prediabetic children had higher sRAGE concentrations before seroconversion (Pc = 0.03), at the appearance of multiple autoantibodies (Pc = 0.008), and close to diagnosis (Pc = 0.04). Close to diagnosis, the cases had lower CML concentrations than the controls (Pc = 0.004). Prediabetic children had a higher sRAGE/CML ratio than the controls before seroconversion (Pc = 0.008) and at diagnosis (Pc < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Prediabetic children have higher concentrations of sRAGE and a higher sRAGE/CML ratio than healthy controls. Circulating sRAGE concentrations seem to decline with the appearance of diabetes-predictive autoantibodies in children progressing to type 1 diabetes. The higher sRAGE/CML ratio in prediabetic children may reflect a higher AGE scavenger capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi M Salonen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samppa J Ryhänen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Danielle J Borg
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Taina Härkönen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Huang M, Que Y, Shen X. Correlation of the plasma levels of soluble RAGE and endogenous secretory RAGE with oxidative stress in pre-diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:422-6. [PMID: 25659638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble RAGE (sRAGE), endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) and oxidative stress played important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The changes in sRAGE and esRAGE during pre-diabetes were indefinite. METHODS Patients were divided into NGT, pre-diabetes (pre-DM), and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) groups according to blood glucose levels. The levels of sRAGE, esRAGE, 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and other related indicators were then assessed. RESULTS sRAGE and esRAGE in the pre-DM and DM groups were significantly lower than in the NGT group (p<0.05). In the pre-DM group, sRAGE was positively correlated with esRAGE (r=0.382, P=0.007), and negatively correlated with homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), MDA, and 8-iso-PGF2α (r=-0.314, -0.313, and -0.34, P=0.028, 0.028, and 0.016, respectively). The concentration of esRAGE was positively correlated with sRAGE and TAOC (r=0.382 and 0.598, and P=0.007, <0.001), and negatively correlated with MDA (r=-0.397, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Changes in sRAGE, esRAGE, and oxidative stress occurred in pre-diabetic patients. sRAGE and esRAGE might play an essential role in the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. THE SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS OF THE STUDY Changes in sRAGE, esRAGE, and oxidative stress occurred in pre-diabetic patients. THIS STUDY ADDS: sRAGE, esRAGE, and oxidative stress are altered early during pre-diabetes. sRAGE and esRAGE may have played different roles in the balance between oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense.
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Prasad S, Sajja RK, Naik P, Cucullo L. Diabetes Mellitus and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction: An Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2:125. [PMID: 25632404 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A host of diabetes-related insults to the central nervous system (CNS) have been clearly documented in type-1 and -2 diabetic patients as well as experimental animal models. These host of neurological disorders encompass hemodynamic impairments (e.g., stroke), vascular dementia, cognitive deficits (mild to moderate), as well as a number of neurochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral alterations. The underlying causes of diabetes-induced CNS complications are multifactorial and are relatively little understood although it is now evident that blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage plays a significant role in diabetes-dependent CNS disorders. Changes in plasma glucose levels (hyper- or hypoglycemia) have been associated with altered BBB transport functions (e.g., glucose, insulin, choline, amino acids, etc.), integrity (tight junction disruption), and oxidative stress in the CNS microcapillaries. Last two implicating a potential causal role for upregulation and activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). This type I membrane-protein also transports amyloid-beta (Aβ) from the blood into the brain across the BBB thus, establishing a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD, also referred to as "type 3 diabetes"). Hyperglycemia has been associated with progression of cerebral ischemia and the consequent enhancement of secondary brain injury. Difficulty in detecting vascular impairments in the large, heterogeneous brain microvascular bed and dissecting out the impact of hyper- and hypoglycemia in vivo has led to controversial results especially with regard to the effects of diabetes on BBB. In this article, we review the major findings and current knowledge with regard to the impact of diabetes on BBB integrity and function as well as specific brain microvascular effects of hyper- and hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health, Texas, USA
| | - Ravi K Sajja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health, Texas, USA
| | - Pooja Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health, Texas, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health, Texas, USA ; Vascular Drug research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
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