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Meneghetti da Rosa J, Lidani KCF, Andrade FA, Sena L, Nisihara R, Ambrosio AR, Messias-Reason IJ. Mannose Binding Lectin and C3 Serum Levels in Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Immunol Invest 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38634569 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2337023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of tissue injury in coronary artery disease (CAD) has been associated with activation of the complement system, partly due to the action of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and C3, which are expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of MBL and C3 in patients with CAD and to compare them with healthy controls. Additionally, we aim to assess the correlation between MBL and C3 levels and cardiometabolic parameters. METHODS MBL and C3 serum concentration were determined by ELISA and immunoturbidimetry, respectively, in up to 119 patients undergoing coronary angiography for CAD evaluation, comprising 48 individuals diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and 71 without MI. A total of 93 paired healthy controls were included in the study. RESULTS Individuals with CAD had MBL serum concentration higher than controls (p = .002), regardless of the presence of MI (p = .006). In addition, high concentration of MBL (>2000 ng/mL) was more frequent in patients with CAD (p = .007; OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.3-5.1). C3 levels were not significantly associated with any of the patient groups but were positively correlated with cardiometabolic parameters such as body mass index (BMI) and triglycerides levels. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of MBL were found to be associated with CAD, whereas C3 levels were found to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Meneghetti da Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kárita Cláudia Freitas Lidani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Léia Sena
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renato Nisihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Altair Rogerio Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Iara J Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Nguyen VD, Hughes TR, Zhou Y. From complement to complosome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: When location matters. Liver Int 2024; 44:316-329. [PMID: 38010880 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health threat and becoming the leading cause of liver transplantation. Nevertheless, no approved specific treatment is currently available for NAFLD. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifaceted and not yet fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant role of the complement system in the development and progression of NAFLD. Here, we provide an overview of the complement system, incorporating the novel concept of complosome, and summarise the up-to-date evidence elucidating the association between complement dysregulation and the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this process, the extracellular complement system is activated through various pathways, thereby directly contributing to, or working together with other immune cells in the disease development and progression. We also introduce the complosome and assess the evidence that implicates its potential influence in NAFLD through its direct impact on hepatocytes or non-parenchymal liver cells. Additionally, we expound upon how complement system and the complosome may exert their effects in relation with hepatic zonation in NAFLD. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the complement system, extracellularly and intracellularly, for NAFLD treatment. Finally, we present future perspectives towards a better understanding of the complement system's contribution to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Dien Nguyen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - You Zhou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Huang Q, Su J, Xu J, Yu H, Jin X, Wang Y, Yan M, Yu J, Chen S, Wang Y, Lv G. Beneficial effects of Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen flower saponins in rats with metabolic hypertension by inhibiting the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system through complement 3. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:13. [PMID: 36653797 PMCID: PMC9847118 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic hypertension (MH) has become the most common type of hypertension in recent years due to unhealthy eating habits and lifestyles of people, such as over-eating alcohol, high fat, and sugar diets (ACHFSDs). Therefore, effective means to combat MH are needed. Previous studies have shown that Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen flower saponins (PNFS) can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, whether it acts on MH and its mechanism of action remain unclear. METHODS: The pharmacodynamic effects of PNFS were evaluated in rats with ACHFSDs-induced MH. The blood pressure, blood biochemical, grip strength, face temperature, vertigo time, and liver index were estimated. The histological changes in the liver and aorta were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of ET-1, TXB2, NO, PGI2, Renin, ACE, Ang II, and ALD in plasma were detected using ELISA. The levels of C3, KLF5, LXRα, and Renin in kidney tissues were measured using qRT-PCR.The expression levels of C3, KLF5, LXRα, and Renin in kidney tissues were examined using Western blotting. RESULTS In the present study, PNFS was found to reduce blood pressure, face temperature, and vertigo time, increase grip strength and improve dyslipidemia in rats with MH. In addition, PNFS decreased the plasma levels of ET-1 and TXB2, elevated the levels of NO and PGI2, and improved pathological aortic injury. Meanwhile, PNFS decreased the plasma levels of Renin, ACE, Ang II, and ALD. QRT-PCR and Western bolt showed that PNFS downregulated C3, KLF5, LXRα, and Renin protein and mRNA expression in the kidneys of rats with MH. CONCLUSION The finding of the present study suggested that PNFS could downregulate C3 and KLF-5 expression in rats with MH, thereby inhibiting the overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, while improving vascular endothelial function and ultimately reducing blood pressure in rats with MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Youhua Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Guo Z, Fan X, Yao J, Tomlinson S, Yuan G, He S. The role of complement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017467. [PMID: 36248852 PMCID: PMC9562907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading cause of chronic liver diseases globally. NAFLD includes a range of hepatic manifestations, starting with liver steatosis and potentially evolving towards nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the pathogenesis of NAFLD is incompletely understood, insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorder are implicated. The complement system is an essential part of the immune system, but it is also involved in lipid metabolism. In particular, activation of the alternative complement pathway and the production of complement activation products such as C3a, C3adesArg (acylation stimulating protein or ASP) and C5a, are strongly associated with insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorder, and hepatic inflammation. In this review, we briefly summarize research on the role of the complement system in NAFLD, aiming to provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianni Yao
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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5
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van der Ende EL, Heller C, Sogorb-Esteve A, Swift IJ, McFall D, Peakman G, Bouzigues A, Poos JM, Jiskoot LC, Panman JL, Papma JM, Meeter LH, Dopper EGP, Bocchetta M, Todd E, Cash D, Graff C, Synofzik M, Moreno F, Finger E, Sanchez-Valle R, Vandenberghe R, Laforce R, Masellis M, Tartaglia MC, Rowe JB, Butler C, Ducharme S, Gerhard A, Danek A, Levin J, Pijnenburg YAL, Otto M, Borroni B, Tagliavini F, de Mendonça A, Santana I, Galimberti D, Sorbi S, Zetterberg H, Huang E, van Swieten JC, Rohrer JD, Seelaar H. Elevated CSF and plasma complement proteins in genetic frontotemporal dementia: results from the GENFI study. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:217. [PMID: 36064709 PMCID: PMC9446850 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is emerging as an important pathological process in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but biomarkers are lacking. We aimed to determine the value of complement proteins, which are key components of innate immunity, as biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of presymptomatic and symptomatic genetic FTD mutation carriers. METHODS We measured the complement proteins C1q and C3b in CSF by ELISAs in 224 presymptomatic and symptomatic GRN, C9orf72 or MAPT mutation carriers and non-carriers participating in the Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative (GENFI), a multicentre cohort study. Next, we used multiplex immunoassays to measure a panel of 14 complement proteins in plasma of 431 GENFI participants. We correlated complement protein levels with corresponding clinical and neuroimaging data, neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). RESULTS CSF C1q and C3b, as well as plasma C2 and C3, were elevated in symptomatic mutation carriers compared to presymptomatic carriers and non-carriers. In genetic subgroup analyses, these differences remained statistically significant for C9orf72 mutation carriers. In presymptomatic carriers, several complement proteins correlated negatively with grey matter volume of FTD-related regions and positively with NfL and GFAP. In symptomatic carriers, correlations were additionally observed with disease duration and with Mini Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating scale® plus NACC Frontotemporal lobar degeneration sum of boxes scores. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of CSF C1q and C3b, as well as plasma C2 and C3, demonstrate the presence of complement activation in the symptomatic stage of genetic FTD. Intriguingly, correlations with several disease measures in presymptomatic carriers suggest that complement protein levels might increase before symptom onset. Although the overlap between groups precludes their use as diagnostic markers, further research is needed to determine their potential to monitor dysregulation of the complement system in FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. van der Ende
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin Heller
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aitana Sogorb-Esteve
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Imogen J. Swift
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David McFall
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Georgia Peakman
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arabella Bouzigues
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jackie M. Poos
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lize C. Jiskoot
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica L. Panman
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janne M. Papma
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke H. Meeter
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elise G. P. Dopper
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Todd
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Cash
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Graff
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa Spain
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Robert Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département Des Sciences Neurologiques, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - James B. Rowe
- Cambridge University Centre for Frontotemporal Dementia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Butler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Ducharme
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec Canada
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik Und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Neurologische Klinik Und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Isabel Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - John C. van Swieten
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan D. Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Alzheimer Center Rotterdam and Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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El Khoudary SR, Chen X, McConnell D, Brooks MM, Billheimer J, Orchard TJ. Associations of HDL subclasses and lipid content with complement proteins over the menopause transition: The SWAN HDL ancillary study: HDL and complement proteins in women. J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:649-657. [PMID: 35987805 PMCID: PMC11218699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The menopause transition (MT) could trigger low-grade chronic inflammation which may modify high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and lead to additional inflammatory responses contributing to atherosclerosis development. OBJECTIVE To test whether complement proteins C3 and C4 increase around the final menstrual period (FMP), and whether changes in HDL subclasses and lipid content associate with C3 and C4 levels over time in midlife women. METHODS The study included 471 women (at baseline: age 50.2(2.7) years; 87.3% pre or peri-menopausal) who had nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy HDL subclasses, lipid content, and C3 and C4 measured up to 5 times over the MT. RESULTS Adjusted annual changes in C3 and C4 varied by time segments relative to FMP with significant increases, steeper for C3, only observed within 1 year before to 2 years after the FMP. Greater decreases in large HDL particles (HDL-P), HDL size, and HDL-phospholipids, and greater increases in small HDL-P and HDL-Triglycerides were associated with higher C3 and C4 over time, although associations with C4 were weaker than those with C3. CONCLUSION Complement proteins C3 and C4 significantly rise around menopause with C3 showing the steepest rise. Changes in HDL subclasses, overall size, and lipid content, over the MT may play a role in modulating inflammation responses known to be related to atherosclerosis. These results raise the possibility that novel therapeutic agents focusing on HDL might contribute to CVD protection by modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R El Khoudary
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA (Drs Khoudary, Chen, Brooks, and Orchard).
| | - Xirun Chen
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA (Drs Khoudary, Chen, Brooks, and Orchard).
| | - Dan McConnell
- University of Michigan Department of Epidemiology, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA (Dr McConnell).
| | - Maria M Brooks
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA (Drs Khoudary, Chen, Brooks, and Orchard).
| | - Jeff Billheimer
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA (Dr Billheimer).
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA (Drs Khoudary, Chen, Brooks, and Orchard).
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7
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Jin S, Kusters YHAM, Houben AJHM, Plat J, Joris PJ, Mensink RP, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, van Greevenbroek MMJ. A randomized diet-induced weight-loss intervention reduces plasma complement C3: Possible implication for endothelial dysfunction. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1401-1410. [PMID: 35785477 PMCID: PMC9545581 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complement C3 and other components of the alternative pathway are higher in individuals with obesity. Moreover, C3 has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study investigated whether, and how, a weight-loss intervention reduced plasma C3, activated C3 (C3a), and factor D and explored potential biological effects of such a reduction. METHODS The study measured plasma C3, C3a, and factor D by ELISA and measured visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and intrahepatic lipid by magnetic resonance imaging in lean men (n = 25) and men with abdominal obesity (n = 52). The men with obesity were randomized to habitual diet or an 8-week dietary weight-loss intervention. RESULTS The intervention significantly reduced C3 (-0.15 g/L [95% CI: -0.23 to -0.07]), but not C3a or factor D. The C3 reduction was mainly explained by reduction in visceral adipose tissue but not subcutaneous adipose tissue or intrahepatic lipid. This reduction in C3 explained a part of the weight-loss-induced improvement of markers of endothelial dysfunction, particularly the reduction in soluble endothelial selectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule. CONCLUSIONS Diet-induced weight loss in men with abdominal obesity could be a way to lower plasma C3 and thereby improve endothelial dysfunction. C3 reduction may be part of the mechanism via which diet-induced weight loss could ameliorate the risk of cardiovascular disease in men with abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxin Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Yvo H. A. M. Kusters
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Alfons J. H. M. Houben
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Top Institute of Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Joris
- Top Institute of Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. Mensink
- Top Institute of Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Coen D. A. Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Marleen M. J. van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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8
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Xing Z, Wang Y, Gong K, Chen Y. Plasma C4 level was associated with mortality, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:232. [PMID: 35768780 PMCID: PMC9245318 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) exhibit a high risk of death, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs). Previous studies indicated complement activation associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in HD patients. This study aimed to explore whether the critical complement factors were associated with the adverse outcomes in HD patients. METHODS A total of 108 HD patients were included and followed up for 52 months. The baseline clinical characteristics and plasma C3c, C1q, CFH, CFB, C4, MAC, C5a, C3a and MBL were measured. The three endpoints were death, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (CCEs) and the composition of them. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression identified factors associated with the three endpoints respectively. X-tile analyses determined the optimal cut-off values for high risks. Restricted cubic spline plots illustrated the dose-response relationships. Correlations between the complement factors and risk factors for CCDs were analyzed. RESULTS Baseline plasma C4 was finally selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for three endpoints, including all-cause mortality, CCEs and the composition of them. When baseline plasma C4 exceeded 0.47 (P = 0.001) or 0.44 (P = 0.018) g/L respectively, the risks for death or achieving the composite endpoint enhanced significantly. The relationships of C4 and HR for the three endpoints showed a positive linear trend. Plasma C4 had prominent correlations with blood TG (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) and HDL (r = -0.38, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A higher baseline plasma C4 level was significantly associated with the future incidence of decease, CCEs and either of them. Plasma C4 level correlated with blood TG and HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Xing
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kunjing Gong
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.
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9
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Dumić J, Cvetko A, Abramović I, Šupraha Goreta S, Perović A, Njire Bratičević M, Kifer D, Sinčić N, Gornik O, Žarak M. Changes in Specific Biomarkers Indicate Cardiac Adaptive and Anti-inflammatory Response of Repeated Recreational SCUBA Diving. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:855682. [PMID: 35360010 PMCID: PMC8964121 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.855682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveRecreational SCUBA (rSCUBA) diving has become a highly popular and widespread sport. Yet, information on molecular events underlying (patho)physiological events that follow exposure to the specific environmental conditions (hyperbaric conditions, coldness, immersion, and elevated breathing pressure), in which rSCUBA diving is performed, remain largely unknown. Our previous study suggested that repeated rSCUBA diving triggers an adaptive response of cardiovascular and immune system. To elucidate further molecular events underlying cardiac and immune system adaptation and to exclude possible adverse effects we measured blood levels of specific cardiac and inflammation markers.MethodsThis longitudinal intervention study included fourteen recreational divers who performed five dives, one per week, on the depth 20–30 m that lasted 30 min, after the non-dive period of 5 months. Blood samples were taken immediately before and after the first, third, and fifth dives. Copeptin, immunoglobulins A, G and M, complement components C3 and C4, and differential blood count parameters, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were determined using standard laboratory methods. Cell-free DNA was measured by qPCR analysis and N-glycans released from IgG and total plasma proteins (TPP), were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography.ResultsCopeptin level increased after the first dive but decreased after the third and fifth dive. Increases in immunoglobulins level after every dive and during whole studied period were observed, but no changes in C3, C4, and cfDNA level were detected. NLR increased only after the first dive. IgG and TPP N-glycosylation alterations toward anti-inflammatory status over whole studied period were manifested as an increase in monogalyctosylated and core-fucosylated IgG N-glycans and decrease in agalactosylated TPP N-glycans.ConclusionrSCUBA diving practiced on a regular basis promotes anti-inflammatory status thus contributing cardioprotection and conferring multiple health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerka Dumić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Cvetko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Abramović
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Šupraha Goreta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonija Perović
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Dubrovnik General Hospital, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | | | - Domagoj Kifer
- Department of Biophysics, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sinčić
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Žarak
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Marko Žarak,
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10
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Thomas AM, Chaban V, Pischke SE, Orrem HL, Bosnes V, Sunde K, Seljeflot I, Lundqvist C, Nakstad ER, Andersen GØ, Schjalm C, Mollnes TE, Barratt-Due A. Complement ratios C3bc/C3 and sC5b-9/C5 do not increase the sensitivity of detecting acute complement activation systemically. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:273-279. [PMID: 34906905 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement activation plays an important pathogenic role in numerous diseases. The ratio between an activation product and its parent protein is suggested to be more sensitive to detect complement activation than the activation product itself. In the present study we explored whether the ratio between the activation product and the parent protein for C3 (C3bc/C3) and for C5 (sC5b-9/C5) increased the sensitivity to detect complement activation in acute clinical settings compared to the activation product alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from patients with acute heart failure following ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and from patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) were used. C3, C3bc and C5, sC5b-9 were analysed in 629 and 672 patient samples, respectively. Healthy controls (n = 20) served to determine reference cut-off values for activation products and ratios, defined as two SD above the mean. RESULTS Increased C3bc/C3- and sC5b-9/C5 ratios were vastly dependent on C3bc and sC5b-9. Thus, 99.5 % and 98.1 % of the increased C3bc/C3- and sC5b-9/C5 ratios were solely dependent on increased C3bc and sC5b-9, respectively. Significantly decreased C3 and C5 caused increased ratios in only 3/600 (0.5 %) and 4/319 (1.3 %) samples, respectively. Strong correlations between C3bc and C3bc/C3-ratio and between sC5b-9 and sC5b-9/C5-ratio were found in the STEMI- (r = 0.926 and r = 0.786, respectively) and the OHCA-population (r = 0.908 and r = 0.843, respectively; p < 0.0001 for all). Importantly, sC5b-9 identified worse outcome groups better than sC5b-9/C5-ratio. CONCLUSION C3bc and sC5b-9 were sensitive markers of complement activation. The ratios of C3bc/C3 and sC5b-9/C5 did not improve detection of complement activation systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anub Mathew Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway
| | - Viktoriia Chaban
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Søren E Pischke
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Hilde Lang Orrem
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Vidar Bosnes
- Department of Immunology, Section of Medical Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Sunde
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Christofer Lundqvist
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Rostrup Nakstad
- Norwegian National Unit for CBRNE Medicine, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Camilla Schjalm
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
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11
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Zhang X, Yin J, Shao K, Yang L, Liu W, Wang Y, Diao S, Huang S, Xue Q, Ni J, Yang Y. High serum complement component C4 as a unique predictor of unfavorable outcomes in diabetic stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2313-2322. [PMID: 34480681 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that diabetic stroke patients had a poor prognosis and excess complement system activation in the peripheral blood. In this study, the association of serum complement levels with the prognosis of diabetic stroke was examined. Patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited and were divided into two groups according to their history of diabetes. Baseline data on the admission, including C3 and C4 were collected. Neurologic function at discharge was the primary outcome and was quantified by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). A total of 426 patients with acute ischemic stroke (116 diabetic strokes and 310 non-diabetic strokes) were recruited in this study. There were significant differences between the two groups in hypertension, coronary disease, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, C4, and mortality rates. Furthermore, the values of complement protein levels were divided into tertiles. In the diabetic stroke group, serum C4 level at the acute phase in the upper third was independently associated with NIHSS score at discharge and concurrent infection. These associations were not significant in non-diabetic stroke. High serum C4 level at admission, as a unique significant predictor, was associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in the diabetic stroke, independently of traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Zhang
- Departments of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Shao
- Departments of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Departments of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Departments of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Diao
- Departments of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shicun Huang
- Departments of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Xue
- Departments of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqiang Ni
- Departments of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Departments of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Activation of the Complement System in Patients with Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225767. [PMID: 34830921 PMCID: PMC8616331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with cancer often suffer from severe weight loss as a result of the wasting of skeletal muscle and fat tissue. This has a strong negative impact on the patient’s prognosis and quality of life. Inflammation is thought to contribute to weight loss in cancer. To enable the future targeting of inflammation in patients with cancer who experience weight loss, we set out to characterize an important pro-inflammatory component of the immune system: the complement system. The blood levels of several elements of the complement system were analyzed in patients with and without weight loss and inflammation. We found that complement factors were activated specifically in patients with both weight loss and inflammation. Since complement inhibitory drugs are already on the market, these findings may open new opportunities for treating inflammation-mediated weight loss in patients with cancer. Abstract Systemic inflammation is thought to underlie many of the metabolic manifestations of cachexia in cancer patients. The complement system is an important component of innate immunity that has been shown to contribute to metabolic inflammation. We hypothesized that systemic inflammation in patients with cancer cachexia was associated with complement activation. Systemic C3a levels were higher in cachectic patients with inflammation (n = 23, C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 10 mg/L) as compared to patients without inflammation (n = 26, CRP < 10 mg/L) or without cachexia (n = 13) (medians 102.4 (IQR 89.4–158.0) vs. 81.4 (IQR 47.9–124.0) vs. 61.6 (IQR 46.8–86.8) ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.0186). Accordingly, terminal complement complex (TCC) concentrations gradually increased in these patient groups (medians 2298 (IQR 2022–3058) vs. 1939 (IQR 1725–2311) vs. 1805 (IQR 1552–2569) mAU/mL, respectively, p = 0.0511). C3a and TCC concentrations were strongly correlated (rs = 0.468, p = 0.0005). Although concentrations of C1q and mannose-binding lectin did not differ between groups, C1q levels were correlated with both C3a and TCC concentrations (rs = 0.394, p = 0.0042 and rs = 0.300, p = 0.0188, respectively). In conclusion, systemic inflammation in patients with cancer cachexia is associated with the activation of key effector complement factors. The correlations between C1q and C3a/TCC suggest that the classical complement pathway could play a role in complement activation in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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13
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Complement component C4 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1140-1144. [PMID: 32961544 PMCID: PMC8115103 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the complement system have been described in patients with schizophrenia, with those individuals having greater frequency of complement component 4A (C4A) alleles and higher C4A transcript levels in postmortem brain tissue. Importantly, abnormalities in C4A and other complement molecules have been associated with synaptic pruning abnormalities that occur during neurodevelopment. A few studies have investigated C4 levels in living patients with schizophrenia, but all of them did so using peripheral blood samples. No studies have examined C4 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), presumably a better biofluid choice given its intimate contact with the brain. Therefore, we report for the first time on C4 levels in CSF and plasma of patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we obtained CSF in 32 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 32 healthy volunteers and peripheral blood samples in 33 SSD and 31 healthy volunteers. C4 levels were measured using Abcam ELISA assays. Univariate analysis did not show a statistically significant difference in CSF C4 values between groups. However, a multivariable analysis showed a statistically significant increase in CSF C4 levels between groups after adjusting for sex and age. We also observed a high correlation between CSF C4 levels and age. By contrast, plasma C4 levels were not significantly different between groups. CSF and plasma C4 levels were not significantly correlated. Therefore, the use of CSF samples is critical and should be complementary to the use of peripheral blood samples to allow for a comprehensive understanding of complement C4 abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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14
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Arias de la Rosa I, Font P, Escudero-Contreras A, López-Montilla MD, Pérez-Sánchez C, Ábalos-Aguilera MC, Ladehesa-Pineda L, Ibáñez-Costa A, Torres-Granados C, Jimenez-Gomez Y, Patiño-Trives A, Luque-Tévar M, Castro-Villegas MC, Calvo-Gutiérrez J, Ortega-Castro R, López-Pedrera C, Collantes-Estévez E, Barbarroja N. Complement component 3 as biomarker of disease activity and cardiometabolic risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 11:2040622320965067. [PMID: 33796240 PMCID: PMC7983248 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320965067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the relationship between complement component 3 (C3) and the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and disease activity in the rheumatic diseases having the highest rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods This is a cross-sectional study including 200 RA, 80 PsA, 150 axSpA patients and 100 healthy donors. The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors [obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A (apoB/apoA) and atherogenic risks and hypertension] was analyzed. Serum complement C3 levels, inflammatory markers and disease activity were evaluated. Cluster analysis was performed to identify different phenotypes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess the accuracy of complement C3 as biomarker of insulin resistance and disease activity was carried out. Results Levels of complement C3, significantly elevated in RA, axSpA and PsA patients, were associated with the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Hard clustering analysis identified two distinctive phenotypes of patients depending on the complement C3 levels and insulin sensitivity state. Patients from cluster 1, characterized by high levels of complement C3 displayed increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and high disease activity. ROC curve analysis showed that non-obesity related complement C3 levels allowed to identify insulin resistant patients. Conclusions Complement C3 is associated with the concomitant increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. Thus, complement C3 should be considered a useful marker of insulin resistance and disease activity in these rheumatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Arias de la Rosa
- Medicine Department, University of Cordoba, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Font
- Medicine Department, University of Cordoba, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Pérez-Sánchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Lourdes Ladehesa-Pineda
- Rheumatology service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Rheumatology service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres-Granados
- Rheumatology service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Yolanda Jimenez-Gomez
- Rheumatology service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandra Patiño-Trives
- Rheumatology service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Luque-Tévar
- Rheumatology service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Jerusalem Calvo-Gutiérrez
- Rheumatology service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafaela Ortega-Castro
- Rheumatology service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Chary López-Pedrera
- Rheumatology service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Collantes-Estévez
- Rheumatology service, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Nuria Barbarroja
- Medicine Department, University of Cordoba, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital
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15
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Madhur MS, Elijovich F, Alexander MR, Pitzer A, Ishimwe J, Van Beusecum JP, Patrick DM, Smart CD, Kleyman TR, Kingery J, Peck RN, Laffer CL, Kirabo A. Hypertension: Do Inflammation and Immunity Hold the Key to Solving this Epidemic? Circ Res 2021; 128:908-933. [PMID: 33793336 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elevated cardiovascular risk including stroke, heart failure, and heart attack is present even after normalization of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Underlying immune cell activation is a likely culprit. Although immune cells are important for protection against invading pathogens, their chronic overactivation may lead to tissue damage and high blood pressure. Triggers that may initiate immune activation include viral infections, autoimmunity, and lifestyle factors such as excess dietary salt. These conditions activate the immune system either directly or through their impact on the gut microbiome, which ultimately produces chronic inflammation and hypertension. T cells are central to the immune responses contributing to hypertension. They are activated in part by binding specific antigens that are presented in major histocompatibility complex molecules on professional antigen-presenting cells, and they generate repertoires of rearranged T-cell receptors. Activated T cells infiltrate tissues and produce cytokines including interleukin 17A, which promote renal and vascular dysfunction and end-organ damage leading to hypertension. In this comprehensive review, we highlight environmental, genetic, and microbial associated mechanisms contributing to both innate and adaptive immune cell activation leading to hypertension. Targeting the underlying chronic immune cell activation in hypertension has the potential to mitigate the excess cardiovascular risk associated with this common and deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena S Madhur
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.S.M., M.R.A., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University (M.S.M., C.D.S., A.K.)
| | - Fernando Elijovich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew R Alexander
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.S.M., M.R.A., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ashley Pitzer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeanne Ishimwe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Justin P Van Beusecum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David M Patrick
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.S.M., M.R.A., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Charles D Smart
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University (M.S.M., C.D.S., A.K.)
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (T.R.K.)
| | - Justin Kingery
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY (J.K., R.N.P.).,Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania (J.K., R.N.P.)
| | - Robert N Peck
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY (J.K., R.N.P.).,Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania (J.K., R.N.P.).,Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit (MITU), Mwanza, Tanzania (R.N.P.)
| | - Cheryl L Laffer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University (M.S.M., C.D.S., A.K.)
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16
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C3 and alternative pathway components are associated with an adverse lipoprotein subclass profile: The CODAM study. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:311-319. [PMID: 33612457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma lipoproteins contain heterogeneous subclasses. Previous studies on the associations of the complement system with lipids and lipoproteins are mainly limited to the major lipid classes, and associations of complement with lipoprotein subclass characteristics remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of C3 and other components of the alternative complement pathway with plasma lipoprotein subclass profile. METHODS Plasma complement concentrations (complement component 3 [C3], properdin, factor H, factor D, MASP-3, C3a, Bb), and lipoprotein subclass profile (as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were obtained in 523 participants (59.6 ± 6.9 years, 60.8% men) of the Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) study. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the associations of C3 (primary determinant) and other alternative pathway components (secondary determinants) with characteristics (particle concentration and size [main outcomes], and lipid contents [secondary outcomes]) of 14 lipoprotein subclasses, ranging from extremely large VLDL to small HDL (all standardized [std] values). RESULTS Participants with higher C3 concentrations had more circulating VLDL (stdβs ranging from 0.27 to 0.36), IDL and LDL (stdβs ranging from 0.14 to 0.17), and small HDL (stdβ = 0.21). In contrast, they had fewer very large and large HDL particles (stdβs = -0.36). In persons with higher C3 concentrations, all lipoprotein subclasses were enriched in triglycerides. Similar but weaker associations were observed for properdin, factor H, factor D, and MASP-3, but not for C3a and Bb. CONCLUSIONS The alternative complement pathway, and most prominently C3, is associated with an adverse lipoprotein subclass profile that is characterized by more triglyceride-enriched lipoproteins but fewer large HDL.
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Liu Y, Jin J, Chen Y, Chen C, Chen Z, Xu L. Integrative analyses of biomarkers and pathways for adipose tissue after bariatric surgery. Adipocyte 2020; 9:384-400. [PMID: 32684073 PMCID: PMC7469525 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1795434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms regarding multiple benefits after bariatric surgery. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) after bariatric surgery were identified by analyzing two expression profiles from the GEO. Subsequently, enrichment analysis, GSEA, PPI network, and gene-microRNAs and gene-TFs networks were interrogated to identify hub genes and associated pathways. Co-expressed DEGs included one that was up-regulated and 22 that were down-regulated genes. The enrichment analyses indicated that down-regulated DEGs were significantly involved in inflammatory responses. GSEA provided comprehensive evidence that most genes enriched in pro-inflammation pathways, while gene-sets after surgery enriched in metabolism. We identified nine hub genes in the PPI network, most of which were validated as highly expressed and hypomethylated in obesity by Attie Lab Diabetes and DiseaseMeth databases, respectively. DGIdb was also applied to predict potential therapeutic agents that might reverse abnormally high hub gene expression. Bariatric surgery induces a significant shift from an obese pro-inflammatory state to an anti-inflammatory state, with improvement in adipocyte metabolic function – representing key mechanisms whereby AT function improves after bariatric surgery. Our study deepens a mechanistic understanding of the benefits of bariatric surgery and provides potential biomarkers or treatment targets for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuna Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Fu S, Yao Y, Wu S, Deng J, Lv F, Zhao Y. Inverse association between periumbilical fat and longevity mediated by complement C3 and cardiac structure. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23296-23305. [PMID: 33221761 PMCID: PMC7746338 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although abdominal obesity plays a fundamental role in the onset of immune and inflammatory reactions leading to cardiac abnormalities and premature mortality, the potential association between periumbilical fat and longevity mediated by the antibody-complement system and/or cardiac structure and function remains unclear. To address this issue, we collected biochemical and morphological data from 419 centenarians and 491 non-centenarian oldest-old individuals from the China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study. Centenarians had lower waist circumference (WC), periumbilical fat thickness (PFT), serum complement C3 level, right atrium end-systolic diameter (RAESD), left atrium end-systolic diameter (LAESD), and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) than non-centenarians (P<0.05 for all comparisons). WC, PFT, complement C3 levels, RAESD, LAESD, and LVEDD were inversely associated with centenarians (P<0.05 for all variables). Complement C3 level, LAESD, and LVEDD were positively associated with PFT and WC (P<0.05 for all variables). RAESD was positively associated with WC and complement C3 level (P<0.05 for both variables). Centenarians had less periumbilical fat, a weaker complement system, and smaller cardiac structure than non-centenarians. Importantly, periumbilical fat was inversely associated with longevity mediated by complement C3 and cardiac structure. This study suggests that successful aging can be promoted by increased efforts to prevent abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Fu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya 572013, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengzheng Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya 572013, China
| | - Juelin Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya 572013, China
| | - Faqin Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya 572013, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya 572013, China
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Diniz Pereira J, Gomes Fraga V, Morais Santos AL, Carvalho MDG, Caramelli P, Braga Gomes K. Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of proteomic studies. J Neurochem 2020; 156:753-776. [PMID: 32909269 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Similar to dementia, the risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases with age, and T2DM also increases the risk for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although T2DM is primarily a peripheral disorder and AD is a central nervous system disease, both share some common features as they are chronic and complex diseases, and both show involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in their progression. These characteristics suggest that T2DM may be associated with AD, which gave rise to a new term, type 3 diabetes (T3DM). In this study, we searched for matching peripheral proteomic biomarkers of AD and T2DM based in a systematic review of the available literature. We identified 17 common biomarkers that were differentially expressed in both patients with AD or T2DM when compared with healthy controls. These biomarkers could provide a useful workflow for screening T2DM patients at risk to develop AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Diniz Pereira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Gomes Fraga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Luiza Morais Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Carvalho
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Zhang C, Fu S, Zhao M, Liu D, Zhao Y, Yao Y. Associations Between Complement Components and Vitamin D and the Physical Activities of Daily Living Among a Longevous Population in Hainan, China. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1543. [PMID: 32765534 PMCID: PMC7379858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D and complement components shared some common pathophysiological pathways in the musculoskeletal system, circulation, and metabolism, which were linked to physical function. It is hypothesized that serum complement components may interact with vitamin D in respect of the physical activities of daily living (PADLs). Objective: To investigate if serum complement components 3 (C3), complement components 4 (C4), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] associate with PADLs, and to examine whether the association between 25(OH)D levels and PADLs varies at different complement component levels among Chinese centenarians. Methods: This study was conducted in a group of population-based centenarians. PADLs were evaluated using the Barthel Index. Multiple regressions were used to analyze the associations among 25(OH)D, complements C3 and C4, and PADLs. Results: Among 943 participants, 672 (71.3%) had physical dependence (PD). After adjusting for potential confounders, serum 25(OH)D and C3 levels were positively correlated with PADLs, while C4 levels were negatively correlated with PADLs (Ps < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D levels significantly interacted with both C3 (P for interaction = 0.033) and C4 (P for interaction = 0.006) levels on PADLs. At lower complement component levels, the multivariate odds ratios (ORs) of the upper tertile of vitamin D for PD were 0.32 (95% CI: 0.18-0.55) in the C3 group and 0.29 (95% CI: 0.16-0.50) in the C4 group. At higher complement component levels, the ORs in the C3 and C4 groups were not statistically significant. Conclusions: In a group of population-based Chinese centenarians, we observed that serum complement C3 and 25(OH)D levels were positively associated with PADLs, while C4 was negatively associated with PADLs. The associations between 25(OH)D levels and PADLs were more pronounced in groups with lower serum complement component levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Education, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.,Institute of Geriatrics Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Minghao Zhao
- School of Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Deping Liu
- Department of Education, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.,Institute of Geriatrics Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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21
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Song ST, Shi J, Wang XH, Guo YB, Hu PF, Zhu F, Zeng X, Xie WF. Prevalence and risk factors for gallstone disease: A population-based cross-sectional study. J Dig Dis 2020; 21:237-245. [PMID: 32166900 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of and risk factors for gallstone disease in Shanghai, China. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai between 2016 and 2017. Using a three-stage stratified sampling strategy, 4009 participants (1753 men and 2256 women) from 10 districts were enrolled. RESULTS The overall prevalence of gallstones was 6.83% (6.22% for men vs 7.31% for women, P = 0.173). According to the multivariate analysis, individuals aged ≥40 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.058, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.110-4.433, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.479, 95% CI 1.076-2.034, P = 0.016), thyroid disease (OR 1.409, 95% CI 1.029-1.928, P = 0.032), a family history of gallstones (OR 2.234, 95% CI 1.362-3.662, P = 0.001) and a waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5 (OR 1.656, 95% CI 1.197-2.292, P = 0.002) had an increased risk of developing gallstones. The risk of gallstone disease was 2.232 (95% CI 1.167-4.268, P = 0.015) times higher in individuals with elevated C4 levels than in those with normal C4 levels. Diabetes (OR 4.144, 95% CI 1.171-14.671, P = 0.028) was a risk factor for the formation of gallstones with diameters ≥1 cm, and men were more susceptible to develop multiple stones (OR 2.356, 95% CI 1.321-4.200, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Individuals aged ≥40 years, with a history of hypertension and familial gallstones, a high waist-to-height ratio, thyroid disease and high C4 levels were related to an increased risk of gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Tao Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Hang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Bin Guo
- Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Fang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Higgins V, Omidi A, Tahmasebi H, Asgari S, Gordanifar K, Nieuwesteeg M, Adeli K. Marked Influence of Adiposity on Laboratory Biomarkers in a Healthy Cohort of Children and Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5675353. [PMID: 31845996 PMCID: PMC7077953 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of pediatric obesity is increasing worldwide and strongly associates with metabolic abnormalities, including inflammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. This study assessed the influence of 3 measures of adiposity on levels of routinely assessed biochemical markers in apparently healthy children and adolescents. METHODS The influence of adiposity on 35 biochemical markers was examined in the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER) cohort of healthy children and adolescents by comparing serum biomarker levels between subjects with a normal weight, overweight, and obese body mass index (BMI). The cohort comprised 1332 subjects 5.1 to 19.0 years of age with a BMI ranging from 13.4 to 65.0 kg/m2. The association between each biochemical marker and BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio z-scores was assessed, while adjusting for age and sex. Reference intervals were established for all biochemical markers before and after removing overweight/obese subjects. RESULTS In children and adolescents, levels of 13 routinely assessed biochemical markers, including alanine aminotransferase, apolipoprotein B, complement components 3 and 4, cholinesterase, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyl transferase, haptoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, iron, transferrin, triglycerides, and uric acid, were significantly different between BMI categories. BMI, waist circumference, and/or waist-to-height ratio were significantly associated with the serum concentration of 24 of the 35 markers examined, after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS Excess adiposity significantly influences circulating levels of routinely assessed laboratory markers, most notably liver enzymes, lipids/lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and uric acid in children and adolescents. Although it is unknown whether altered biochemical marker levels in subjects with overweight/obesity reflect health or indolent disease, clinicians should be aware of the effect of weight status on several laboratory tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Higgins
- CALIPER Program, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arghavan Omidi
- CALIPER Program, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Houman Tahmasebi
- CALIPER Program, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shervin Asgari
- CALIPER Program, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kian Gordanifar
- CALIPER Program, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Nieuwesteeg
- CALIPER Program, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- CALIPER Program, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Khosrow Adeli, Clinical Biochemistry, DPLM, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada. E-mail:
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23
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Fromell K, Adler A, Åman A, Manivel VA, Huang S, Dührkop C, Sandholm K, Ekdahl KN, Nilsson B. Assessment of the Role of C3(H 2O) in the Alternative Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:530. [PMID: 32296436 PMCID: PMC7136553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigate the hydrolysis of C3 to C3(H2O) and its ability to initiate activation via the alternative pathway (AP) of the complement system. The internal thioester bond within C3 is hydrolyzed by water in plasma because of its inherent lability. This results in the formation of non-proteolytically activated C3(H2O) which is believed have C3b-like properties and be able to form an active initial fluid phase C3 convertase together with Factor B (FB). The generation of C3(H2O) occurs at a low but constant rate in blood, but the formation can be greatly accelerated by the interaction with various surfaces or nucleophilic and chaotropic agents. In order to more specifically elucidate the relevance of the C3(H2O) for AP activation, formation was induced in solution by repeated freeze/thawing, methylamine or KCSN treatment and named C3(x) where the x can be any of the reactive nucleophilic or chaotropic agents. Isolation and characterization of C3(x) showed that it exists in several forms with varying attributes, where some have more C3b-like properties and can be cleaved by Factor I in the presence of Factor H. However, in common for all these variants is that they are less active partners in initial formation of the AP convertase compared with the corresponding activity of C3b. These observations support the idea that formation of C3(x) in the fluid phase is not a strong initiator of the AP. It is rather likely that the AP mainly acts as an amplification mechanism of complement activation that is triggered by deposition of target-bound C3b molecules generated by other means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fromell
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Adler
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanda Åman
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vivek Anand Manivel
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Dührkop
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Sandholm
- Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Kristina N Ekdahl
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
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Centenarian longevity is positively correlated with IgE levels but negatively correlated with C3/C4 levels, abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:1196-1197. [PMID: 32132668 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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25
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Wadhwa M, Prabhakar A, Anand JP, Ray K, Prasad D, Kumar B, Panjwani U. Complement activation sustains neuroinflammation and deteriorates adult neurogenesis and spatial memory impairment in rat hippocampus following sleep deprivation. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:129-144. [PMID: 31408672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between neuroinflammation, reduced adult neurogenesis, and cognitive impairment has been established in sleep deprivation (SD). Complement receptors are expressed on neuronal and glial cells, thus, regulate the neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and learning/memory. However, understanding of the effect of SD on the brain-immune system interaction associated with cognitive dysfunction and its mechanisms is obscure. We hypothesized that complement activation induced changes in inflammatory and neurogenesis related proteins might be involved in the cognitive impairment during SD. METHODOLOGY Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. Rats were sleep deprived for 48 h using a novel automated SD apparatus. Dosage of BrdU (50 mg/kg/day, i.p. in 0.07 N NaOH), complement C3a receptor antagonist (C3aRA; SB290157; 1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) in 1.16% v/v PBS and complement C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRA; W-54011; 1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) in normal saline were used. Rats were subjected to spatial memory evaluation following SD. Hippocampal tissue was collected for biochemical, molecular, and immunohistochemical studies. T-test and ANOVA were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS An up-regulation in the levels of complement components (C3, C5, C3a, C5a) and receptors (C3aR and C5aR) in hippocampus, displayed the complement activation during SD. Selective antagonism of C3aR/C5aR improved the spatial memory performance of sleep-deprived rats. C3aR antagonist (C3aRA) or C5aR antagonist (C5aRA) treatment inhibited the gliosis, maintained inflammatory cytokines balance in hippocampus during SD. Complement C3aR/C5aR antagonism improved hippocampal adult neurogenesis via up-regulating the BDNF level following SD. Administration of C3aRA and C5aRA significantly maintained synaptic homeostasis in hippocampus after SD. Gene expression analysis showed down-regulation in the mRNA levels of signal transduction pathways (Notch and Wnt), differentiation and axogenous proteins, which were found to be improved after C3aRA/C5aRA treatment. These findings were validated at protein and cellular level. Changes in the corticosterone level and ATP-adenosine-NO pathway were established as the key mechanisms underlying complement activation mediated consequences of SD. CONCLUSION Our study suggests complement (C3a-C3aR and C5a-C5aR) activation as the novel mechanism underlying spatial memory impairment via promoting neuroinflammation and adult neurogenesis decline in hippocampus during SD, thereby, complement (C3aR/C5aR) antagonist may serve as the novel therapeutics to improve the SD mediated consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meetu Wadhwa
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Prabhakar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Jag Pravesh Anand
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Koushik Ray
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Dipti Prasad
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Usha Panjwani
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
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Skattum L. Clinical Complement Analysis-An Overview. Transfus Med Rev 2019; 33:207-216. [PMID: 31672339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The complement system plays an important role in varying types of disease, ranging from inflammatory and autoimmune disorders to immune deficiency states. In addition, new settings have emerged where complement analysis is of interest to monitor complement-directed therapy and aid identification of transplant complications. Therefore, it is critical that clinical laboratories offer optimized and timely complement analysis. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the most important complement analysis methods that are currently used. It also points to some areas within complement diagnostics where development is needed, for example, regarding certain analytes for which practical methods suitable for the routine laboratory are lacking. Furthermore, it contains a more detailed discussion on complement autoantibody assessment. The list of analyses providing clinically valuable information includes analysis of complement function, quantification of individual complement components and complement activation fragments, identification of autoantibodies to complement, as well as genetic complement analyses. There is still a shortage of commercially available methods suitable for high-throughput screening of complement deficiency and for assessment of complement activation, but development is under way. There is also ongoing work within the complement community to improve standardization of measurements, and recently, an extensive quality assurance program has been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillemor Skattum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, and Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden.
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Saleh J, Al-Maqbali M, Abdel-Hadi D. Role of Complement and Complement-Related Adipokines in Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Fat Storage. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1411-1429. [PMID: 31688967 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue releases many cytokines and inflammatory factors described as adipokines. In obesity, adipokines released from expanding adipose tissue are implicated in disease progression and metabolic dysfunction. However, mechanisms controlling the progression of adiposity and metabolic complications are not fully understood. It has been suggested that expanding fat mass and sustained release of inflammatory adipokines in adipose tissue lead to hypoxia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cellular damage. These changes trigger an immune response involving infiltration of adipose tissue with immune cells, complement activation and generation of factors involved in opsonization and clearance of damaged cells. Abundant evidence now indicates that adipose tissue is an active secretory source of complement and complement-related adipokines that, in addition to their inflammatory role, contribute to the regulation of metabolic function. This article highlights advances in knowledge regarding the role of these adipokines in energy regulation of adipose tissue through modulating lipogenic and lipolytic pathways. Several adipokines will be discussed including adipsin, Factor H, properdin, C3a, Acylation-Stimulating Protein, C1q/TNF-related proteins, and response gene to complement-32 (RGC-32). Interactions between these factors will be described considering their immune-metabolic roles in the adipose tissue microenvironment and their potential contribution to progression of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. The differential expression and the role of complement factors in gender-related fat partitioning will also be addressed. Identifying lipogenic adipokines and their specific autocrine/paracrine roles may provide means for adipose-tissue-targeted therapeutic interventions that may disrupt the vicious circle of adiposity and disease progression. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1411-1429, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muna Al-Maqbali
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu W, Chen X, Liu Z, Zhou Z. Improvements in humoral immune function and glucolipid metabolism after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in patients with obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 15:1455-1463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Pei L, Zhao M, Xu J, Li A, Luo K, Li R, Yang M, Xu Q. Associations of ambient fine particulate matter and its constituents with serum complement C3 in a panel study of older adults in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1019-1025. [PMID: 31252098 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated association between the total mass of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures and inflammation. There are few studies exploring the associations between PM2.5 constituents and the biomarkers of inflammation in older adults and the underlying biological mechanisms are not exact. In this study, we examined the associations between PM2.5 and its constituents (organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), total carbon (TC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and complement three factor (C3), an important biomarker of inflammation in a repeated panel of 175 older adults in Beijing, China. We have constructed three different linear mixed effect models (single-pollutant model, constituent-PM2.5 joint model, and constituent-residual model) to evaluate the association of PM2.5 and its constituents and complement C3, controlling for concentration of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), day of week, mean temperature, relative humidity, location and potential individual confounders. We found robust positive associations of OC, EC, TC, PAHs and PM2.5 mass concentration with complement C3 at different lag patterns. The cumulative effects of pollutants increased across average of 2-5 days. Individuals aged 65 and above, or with diabetes, or BMI ≥30, or with no-cardiopathy, or with hypertension also exhibited positive associations between PM2.5 and complement C3. The results revealed that short-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents could result in a significant increase in serum level of complement C3. These findings suggested a possible involvement of complement C3 in the effect of PM2.5 on inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mingan Yang
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Ekdahl KN, Mohlin C, Adler A, Åman A, Manivel VA, Sandholm K, Huber-Lang M, Fromell K, Nilsson B. Is generation of C3(H 2O) necessary for activation of the alternative pathway in real life? Mol Immunol 2019; 114:353-361. [PMID: 31446306 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the alternative pathway (AP) an amplification loop is formed, which is strictly controlled by various fluid-phase and cell-bound regulators resulting in a state of homeostasis. Generation of the "C3b-like" C3(H2O) has been described as essential for AP activation, since it conveniently explains how the initial fluid-phase AP convertase of the amplification loop is generated. Also, the AP has a status of being an unspecific pathway despite thorough regulation at different surfaces. During complement attack in pathological conditions and inflammation, large amounts of C3b are formed by the classical/lectin pathway (CP/LP) convertases. After the discovery of LP´s recognition molecules and its tight interaction with the AP, it is increasingly likely that the AP acts in vivo mainly as a powerful amplification mechanism of complement activation that is triggered by previously generated C3b molecules initiated by the binding of specific recognition molecules. Also in many pathological conditions caused by a dysregulated AP amplification loop such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), C3b is available due to minute LP and CP activation and/or generated by non-complement proteases. Therefore, C3(H2O) generation in vivo may be less important for AP activation during specific attack or dysregulated homeostasis, but may be an important ligand for C3 receptors in cell-cell interactions and a source of C3 for the intracellular complement reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina N Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden; Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Camilla Mohlin
- Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anna Adler
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanda Åman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vivek Anand Manivel
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Sandholm
- Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin Fromell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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Glucose Restriction Plus Refeeding in Vitro Induce Changes of the Human Adipocyte Secretome with an Impact on Complement Factors and Cathepsins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164055. [PMID: 31434216 PMCID: PMC6719948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ capable of secreting adipokines with a role in whole-body metabolism. Changes in the secretome profile during the development of obesity is suspected to contribute to the risk of health complications such as those associated with weight regain after weight loss. However, the number of studies on weight regain is limited and secretome changes during weight regain have hardly been investigated. In an attempt to generate leads for in vivo studies, we have subjected human Simpson Golabi Behmel Syndrome adipocytes to glucose restriction (GR) followed by refeeding (RF) as an in vitro surrogate for weight regain after weight loss. Using LC-MS/MS, we compared the secreted protein profile after GR plus RF with that of normal feeding (NF) to assess the consequences of GR plus RF. We identified 338 secreted proteins of which 49 were described for the first time as being secreted by adipocytes. In addition, comparison between NF and GR plus RF showed 39 differentially secreted proteins. Functional classification revealed GR plus RF-induced changes of enzymes for extracellular matrix modification, complement system factors, cathepsins, and several proteins related to Alzheimer’s disease. These observations can be used as clues to investigate metabolic consequences of weight regain, weight cycling or intermittent fasting.
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Detsika MG, Myrtsi ED, Koulocheri SD, Haroutounian SA, Lianos EA, Roussos C. Induction of decay accelerating factor and membrane cofactor protein by resveratrol attenuates complement deposition in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 19:100652. [PMID: 31193778 PMCID: PMC6541742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of complement activation in various forms of cardiovascular disease renders it an important factor for disease progression and therapeutic intervention. The protective effect of resveratrol against cardiovascular disease via moderate red wine consumption has been established but the exact mechanisms are still under investigation. The current study utilised human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) in order to assess the extent to which the protective effect of resveratrol, at concentrations present in red wine, can be attributed to the upregulation of complement regulatory proteins through heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 induction. Resveratrol at concentrations as low as 0.001 μΜ increased HO-1 expression as well as membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) and decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) expression with no-effect on CD59. Silencing of HO-1 expression by HO-1 siRNAs abrogated both DAF and MCP protein expression with no effect on CD59. Resveratrol-mediated induction of DAF and MCP reduced C3b deposition following incubation of HCAECs with 10% normal human serum or normal rat serum as a source of complement. Incubation of HCAECs, with either a DAF blocking antibody or following transfection with HO-1 siRNAs, in the presence of 10% normal rat serum increased C3b deposition, indicating that both DAF and HO-1 are required for C3b reduction. These observations support a novel mechanism for the protective effect of resveratrol against cardiovascular disease and confirm the important role of HO-1 in the regulation of the complement cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Detsika
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Thorax Foundation, Research Center of Intensive Care and Emergency Thoracic Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni D Myrtsi
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia D Koulocheri
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Serkos A Haroutounian
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias A Lianos
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Thorax Foundation, Research Center of Intensive Care and Emergency Thoracic Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Roussos
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Thorax Foundation, Research Center of Intensive Care and Emergency Thoracic Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Regal JF, Laule CF, McCutcheon L, Root KM, Lund H, Hashmat S, Mattson DL. The complement system in hypertension and renal damage in the Dahl SS rat. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13655. [PMID: 29595916 PMCID: PMC5875537 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates the immune system is important in development of hypertension and kidney disease. In the Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) rat model, lymphocytes play a role in development of hypertension and kidney damage after increased sodium intake. Recent transcriptomic analyses demonstrate upregulation of the innate immune complement system in the kidney of Dahl SS rat fed a high-salt diet, leading us to hypothesize that inhibition of complement activation would attenuate development of hypertension and kidney damage. Male Dahl SS rats on a low salt (0.4% NaCl) diet were instrumented with telemeters for continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure. Animals received saline vehicle (Control) or sCR1, a soluble form of endogenous Complement Receptor 1 (CR1; CD35) that inhibits complement activation. At Day 0, rats were switched to high salt (4.0% NaCl) diet and assigned to sCR1 (15 mg/kg per day) or Control groups with daily ip injections either days 1-7 or days 14-18. Urine was collected overnight for determination of albumin excretion. Treatment with sCR1, either immediately after high-salt diet was initiated, or at days 14-18, did not alter development of hypertension or albuminuria. The sCR1 dose effectively inhibited total hemolytic complement activity as well as C3a generation. High salt caused an increase in message for complement regulator Cd59, with minimal change in Crry that controls the C3 convertase. Thus, innate immune complement activation in the circulation is not critical for development of hypertension and kidney damage due to increased sodium intake, and therapeutic manipulation of the complement system is not indicated in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Regal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Connor F Laule
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Luke McCutcheon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Kate M Root
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Hayley Lund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Shireen Hashmat
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Abstract
The organs require oxygen and other types of nutrients (amino acids, sugars, and lipids) to function, the heart consuming large amounts of fatty acids for oxidation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation.
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Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a devastating adverse outcome of pregnancy. Characterized by maternal hypertension, PE, when left untreated, can result in death of both mother and baby. The cause of PE remains unknown, and there is no way to predict which women will develop PE during pregnancy. The only known treatment is delivery of both the fetus and placenta; therefore, an abnormal placenta is thought to play a causal role. Women with obesity before pregnancy have an increased chance of developing PE. Increased adiposity results in a heightened state of systemic inflammation that can influence placental development. Adipose tissue is a rich source of proinflammatory cytokines and complement proteins, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PE by promoting the expression of antiangiogenic factors in the mother. Because an aggravated inflammatory response, angiogenic imbalance, and abnormal placentation are observed in PE, we hypothesize that maternal obesity and complement proteins derived from adipose tissue play an important role in the development of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey N Olson
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana.,Reproductive Endocrinology & Women's Health Lab, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Reproductive Endocrinology & Women's Health Lab, Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jenny L Sones
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Quevedo-Abeledo JC, Rúa-Figueroa Í, Sánchez-Pérez H, Tejera-Segura B, de Vera-González A, González-Delgado A, Llorca J, González-Gay MÁ, Ferraz-Amaro I. Disease Damage Influences Cardiovascular Risk Reclassification Based on Carotid Ultrasound in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:483-491. [PMID: 30647175 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Composite scores of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors underestimate the CV risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Carotid artery ultrasound (US) was found useful in identifying high CV-risk patients with inflammatory arthritis. We assessed the effect of carotid US assessments on the CV risk stratification of patients with SLE. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 276 patients with SLE. These indices were measured: lipid profile, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) risk calculation, and disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index), severity (Katz), and damage [Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index]. Carotid plaques were assessed by US. A multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for classic CV-related factors, was performed to evaluate how risk reclassification was influenced by disease characteristics in patients with SLE. RESULTS Thirty-six percent of patients had carotid plaques. However, only 6% of them fulfilled the definitions for high or very high risk according to the SCORE risk charts. Following carotid US assessment, 32% of the patients were reclassified as very high risk. Disease duration (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.07, p = 0.025) and a SLICC > 0 (OR 2.48 95% CI 1.15-5.34, p = 0.020) were independently associated with a higher risk of reclassification. A predictive model for reclassification included age (cutoff 52 yrs, sensitivity 60%, specificity 86%), disease duration (cutoff 24 yrs, sensitivity 40%, specificity 82%), presence of hypertension, SLICC > 0, waist circumference (cutoff 102 cm, sensitivity 48%, specificity 84%), and C3 (cutoff 127 mg/dl, sensitivity 52%, specificity 92%) and triglyceride (cutoff 140 mg/dl, sensitivity 68%, specificity 79%) serum levels. CONCLUSION Reclassification into a very high-risk category is frequent after carotid US assessments in patients with SLE. This is independently influenced by disease damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Quevedo-Abeledo
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Investigacíon Sanitaria (IDIVAL); Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; I. Rúa-Figueroa, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; H. Sánchez-Pérez, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; B. Tejera-Segura, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular; A. de Vera-González, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; A. González-Delgado, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; M.A. González-Gay, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, and School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias
| | - Íñigo Rúa-Figueroa
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Investigacíon Sanitaria (IDIVAL); Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; I. Rúa-Figueroa, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; H. Sánchez-Pérez, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; B. Tejera-Segura, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular; A. de Vera-González, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; A. González-Delgado, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; M.A. González-Gay, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, and School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias
| | - Hiurma Sánchez-Pérez
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Investigacíon Sanitaria (IDIVAL); Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; I. Rúa-Figueroa, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; H. Sánchez-Pérez, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; B. Tejera-Segura, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular; A. de Vera-González, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; A. González-Delgado, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; M.A. González-Gay, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, and School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias
| | - Beatriz Tejera-Segura
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Investigacíon Sanitaria (IDIVAL); Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; I. Rúa-Figueroa, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; H. Sánchez-Pérez, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; B. Tejera-Segura, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular; A. de Vera-González, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; A. González-Delgado, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; M.A. González-Gay, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, and School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias
| | - Antonia de Vera-González
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Investigacíon Sanitaria (IDIVAL); Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; I. Rúa-Figueroa, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; H. Sánchez-Pérez, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; B. Tejera-Segura, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular; A. de Vera-González, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; A. González-Delgado, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; M.A. González-Gay, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, and School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias
| | - Alejandra González-Delgado
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Investigacíon Sanitaria (IDIVAL); Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; I. Rúa-Figueroa, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; H. Sánchez-Pérez, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; B. Tejera-Segura, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular; A. de Vera-González, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; A. González-Delgado, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; M.A. González-Gay, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, and School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias
| | - Javier Llorca
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Investigacíon Sanitaria (IDIVAL); Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; I. Rúa-Figueroa, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; H. Sánchez-Pérez, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; B. Tejera-Segura, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular; A. de Vera-González, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; A. González-Delgado, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; M.A. González-Gay, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, and School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias
| | - Miguel Á González-Gay
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Investigacíon Sanitaria (IDIVAL); Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; I. Rúa-Figueroa, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; H. Sánchez-Pérez, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; B. Tejera-Segura, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular; A. de Vera-González, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; A. González-Delgado, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; M.A. González-Gay, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, and School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Investigacíon Sanitaria (IDIVAL); Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL; School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,J.C. Quevedo-Abeledo, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; I. Rúa-Figueroa, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín; H. Sánchez-Pérez, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; B. Tejera-Segura, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Insular; A. de Vera-González, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; A. González-Delgado, MD, Central Laboratory Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IDIVAL; M.A. González-Gay, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, and School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias.
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Barrachina MN, Calderón-Cruz B, Fernandez-Rocca L, García Á. Application of Extracellular Vesicles Proteomics to Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines, Data Analysis, and Future Perspectives. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800247. [PMID: 30467982 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of vesicles composed of a lipid bilayer that carry a large repertoire of molecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In this review, some guidelines for plasma-derived EVs isolation, characterization, and proteomic analysis, and the application of the above to cardiovascular disease (CVD) studies are provided. For EVs analysis, blood samples should be collected using a 21-gauge needle, preferably in citrate tubes, and plasma stored for up to 1 year at -80°, using a single freeze-thaw cycle. For proteomic applications, differential centrifugation (including ultracentrifugation steps) is a good option for EVs isolation. EVs characterization is done by transmission electron microscopy, particle enumeration techniques (nanoparticle-tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering), and flow cytometry. Regarding the proteomics strategy, a label-free and gel-free quantitative method is a good choice due to its accuracy and because it minimizes the amount of sample required for clinical applications. Besides the above, main EVs proteomic findings in cardiovascular-related diseases are presented and analyzed in this review, paying especial attention to overlapping results between studies. The latter might offer new insights into the clinical relevance and potential of novel EVs biomarkers identified to date in the context of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Barrachina
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación, Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Beatriz Calderón-Cruz
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación, Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernandez-Rocca
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Maciel Hospital, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic, Montevideo, 11000, Uruguay
| | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación, Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
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Copenhaver M, Yu CY, Hoffman RP. Complement Components, C3 and C4, and the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15:44-48. [PMID: 29663892 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666180417122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased systemic inflammation plays a significant role in the development of adult cardiometabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. The complement system is a part of the innate immune system and plays a key role in the regulation of inflammation. Of particular importance is the activation of complement components C3 and C4. C3 is produced primarily by the liver but is also produced in adipocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells, all of which are present in adipose tissues. Dietary fat and chylomicrons stimulate C3 production. Adipocytes in addition to producing C3 also have receptors for activated C3 and other complement components and thus also respond to as well as produce a target for complement. C3adesArg, also known as acylation stimulation factor, increases adipocyte triglyceride synthesis and release. These physiological effects play a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome. Epidemiologically, obese adults and non-obese adults with cardiometabolic disease who are not obese have been shown to have increased complement levels. C4 levels also correlate with body mass index. Genetically, specific C3 polymorphisms have been shown to predict future cardiovascular events and. D decreased C4 long gene copy number is associated with increased longevity. CONCLUSION Future research is clearly needed to clarify the role of complement in the development of cardiovascular disease and mechanisms for its action. The complement system may provide a new area for intervention in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Copenhaver
- Pediatric Endocrinology Fellow, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, United States
| | - Chack-Yung Yu
- Pediatric Endocrinology Fellow, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, United States
| | - Robert P Hoffman
- Pediatric Endocrinology Fellow, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, United States
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Xin Y, Hertle E, van der Kallen CJH, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, van Greevenbroek MMJ. Complement C3 and C4, but not their regulators or activated products, are associated with incident metabolic syndrome: the CODAM study. Endocrine 2018; 62:617-627. [PMID: 30132263 PMCID: PMC6244913 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the associations of components of the alternative (C3, C3a, Bb, factor D [FD], factor H [FH], properdin) and the classical complement pathway (C4, C1q, C1-inhibitor [C1-INH]) with prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome in a cohort with a moderately increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. METHODS The study cohort was comprised of 574 participants (61% men, age 59.6 ± 7.0 years) at baseline and 489 participants after 7-year follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analyses were done to investigate the associations of concentrations of baseline plasma complement (standardized values) with prevalent and incident (in those without metabolic syndrome at baseline, n = 189) metabolic syndrome. RESULTS C3 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.48 [95% confidence interval: 1.02; 2.14]) and C4 (OR = 1.95 [1.32; 2.88]), but none of the other complement components were associated with incident metabolic syndrome (n = 40 cases). Notably, in the cross-sectional analyses, we did observe higher levels of C3a (OR = 1.25 [1.03; 1.52]), FH (OR = 2.93 [2.24; 3.83]), and properdin (OR = 1.88 [1.50; 2.34]), in addition to C3 (OR = 3.60 [2.73; 4.75]) and C4 (OR = 1.39 [1.13; 1.69]), in those with the metabolic syndrome compared to those without, while no association was observed for FD, Bb, C1q, or C1-INH. CONCLUSIONS In the cross-sectional analyses, the effects sizes (standardized regression coefficients) for C3 and C4 were similar to those of (some of) the regulators and activators, yet only C3 and C4 were associated with incident disease. These findings suggest a role for C3 and C4, but not their regulators or activated products, in the development of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Hertle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Associations of immunological factors with metabolic syndrome and its characteristic elements in Chinese centenarians. J Transl Med 2018; 16:315. [PMID: 30454064 PMCID: PMC6245859 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has an increased prevalence (approximately 20-25% of the adult population) all over the world. Immunological function is significantly associated with the development of MetS, and MetS is beginning to be considered as a chronic immune-related disease. The present study addressed on the associations of immunological factors with MetS and its characteristic elements in Chinese centenarians. METHODS Hainan is a longevity region with the highest population density of centenarians in China. The China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study has a considerable sample size, and provides a significant population-based sample of centenarians. Home interview, physical examination and blood analysis were conducted following standard procedures. RESULTS All centenarians had a median age of 102 (100-115) years, and the proportion of females was 80.8%. The proportion of centenarians with MetS was 16.0% (135 centenarians). Abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus had a prevalence of 26.4% (223 centenarians), 73.7% (623 centenarians), 40.4% (341 centenarians) and 10.7% (90 centenarians), respectively. In Logistic regression analyses, MetS was significantly associated with immunoglobulin E and complement C3 levels (P < 0.05 for all). Abdominal obesity was significantly associated with immunoglobulin E and complement C3 levels (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides epidemiological evidence that MetS has significant associations with immunoglobulin E and complement C3 levels, and demonstrates that abdominal obesity is significantly associated with immunoglobulin E and complement C3 levels in Chinese centenarians.
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Ekdahl KN, Persson B, Mohlin C, Sandholm K, Skattum L, Nilsson B. Interpretation of Serological Complement Biomarkers in Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2237. [PMID: 30405598 PMCID: PMC6207586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement system aberrations have been identified as pathophysiological mechanisms in a number of diseases and pathological conditions either directly or indirectly. Examples of such conditions include infections, inflammation, autoimmune disease, as well as allogeneic and xenogenic transplantation. Both prospective and retrospective studies have demonstrated significant complement-related differences between patient groups and controls. However, due to the low degree of specificity and sensitivity of some of the assays used, it is not always possible to make predictions regarding the complement status of individual patients. Today, there are three main indications for determination of a patient's complement status: (1) complement deficiencies (acquired or inherited); (2) disorders with aberrant complement activation; and (3) C1 inhibitor deficiencies (acquired or inherited). An additional indication is to monitor patients on complement-regulating drugs, an indication which may be expected to increase in the near future since there is now a number of such drugs either under development, already in clinical trials or in clinical use. Available techniques to study complement include quantification of: (1) individual components; (2) activation products, (3) function, and (4) autoantibodies to complement proteins. In this review, we summarize the appropriate indications, techniques, and interpretations of basic serological complement analyses, exemplified by a number of clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina N Ekdahl
- Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Barbro Persson
- Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Camilla Mohlin
- Centre of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Sandholm
- Centre of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Skattum
- Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Meng G, Li H, Li Y, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wu H, Xia Y, Bao X, Gu Y, Su Q, Fang L, Yang H, Yu F, Shi H, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Chang H, Wu Y, Niu K. Sex-Specific Associations Between Complement Component 3 and Component 4 Levels and Metabolic Syndrome in an Adult Population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:143-149. [PMID: 29596043 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in the same individual. Inflammation has been reported to be directly involved in the development of metabolic disease. Complement component 3 (C3) and complement component 4 (C4) have been identified as important inflammatory markers relevant to metabolic disease. However, few studies have analyzed the association between C3 and/or C4 and MetS. In this study, our aim is to evaluate sex-specific association between C3 and C4 levels and risk of MetS in an adult population. METHODS A cohort of 4635 adults was followed from 2010 to 2016. Serum C3 and C4 levels were measured using an immunonephelometric technique. MetS was defined by the American Heart Association scientific statements of 2009. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess sex-specific association between C3 and C4 levels and the incidence of MetS. RESULTS During the ∼6 years of follow-up, 1445 new cases of MetS were identified. After being adjusted to confounding factors, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of MetS for gradually increasing quintiles of C3 were 1.00, 1.23 (0.98-1.54), 1.50 (1.21-1.87), 1.64 (1.32-2.04), and 1.75 (1.41-2.18) (P for trend <0.0001) in men and 1.00, 0.96 (0.60-1.53), 1.61 (1.06-2.44), 2.01 (1.34-3.03), and 2.43 (1.63-3.63) (P for trend <0.0001) in women, respectively. Similar results were also obtained for gradually increasing quintiles of C4 in women, but not in men. CONCLUSIONS The levels of C3 were significantly associated with the incidence of MetS in both men and women. The levels of C4 contributed to risk of MetS only in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Meng
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Huihui Li
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Yajun Li
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- 2 Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- 2 Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xia
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bao
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Su
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Liyun Fang
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Yu
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Shi
- 2 Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- 2 Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- 2 Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- 2 Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- 2 Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- 2 Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Chang
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Yuntang Wu
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- 1 Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China .,2 Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin, China
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Vlaicu SI, Tatomir A, Boodhoo D, Vesa S, Mircea PA, Rus H. The role of complement system in adipose tissue-related inflammation. Immunol Res 2017; 64:653-64. [PMID: 26754764 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the common factor linking adipose tissue to the metabolic context of obesity, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis are associated with a low-grade chronic inflammatory status, to which the complement system is an important contributor. Adipose tissue synthesizes complement proteins and is a target of complement activation. C3a-desArg/acylation-stimulating protein stimulates lipogenesis and affects lipid metabolism. The C3a receptor and C5aR are involved in the development of adipocytes' insulin resistance through macrophage infiltration and the activation of adipose tissue. The terminal complement pathway has been found to be instrumental in promoting hyperglycemia-associated tissue damage, which is characteristic of the major vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis. As a mediator of the effects of the terminal complement complex C5b-9, RGC-32 has an impact on energy expenditure as well as lipid and glucose metabolic homeostasis. All of this evidence, taken together, indicates an important role for complement activation in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia I Vlaicu
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, BRB 12-033, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Tatomir
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, BRB 12-033, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Administration Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dallas Boodhoo
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, BRB 12-033, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Stefan Vesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petru A Mircea
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horea Rus
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, BRB 12-033, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Research Service, Veterans Administration Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Veterans Administration Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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44
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Gómez-Abril SÁ, Morillas-Ariño C, Ponce-Marco JL, Torres-Sánchez T, Delgado-Gomis F, Hernández-Mijares A, Rocha M. Short- and Long-Term Effects of Weight Loss on the Complement Component C3 After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass in Obese Patients. Obes Surg 2017; 26:2756-2763. [PMID: 27143095 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The C3 complement component (C3c) is increasingly recognized as a cardiometabolic risk factor, but how it is affected after weight loss through gastric bypass is a question yet to be answered. METHODS A total of 66 obese patients underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass. Anthropometric parameters, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, liver enzymes, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and C3c levels were evaluated at baseline and at 1 and 5 years post-surgery. RESULTS All anthropometric and biochemical parameters improved significantly after surgery, although a deterioration was detected with respect to the percentage of excess of weight loss, insulin, TC, LDLc, and lactate dehydrogenase 5 years post-surgery. Despite this, a remission rate of 84 % was observed in the presence of metabolic syndrome after 5 years follow-up. hsCRP and C3c were reduced significantly after surgery and maintained throughout the experimental period. In addition, C3c was correlated with BMI and insulin at all time points. The multivariate regression model, in which C3c was a dependent variable, revealed that aspartate aminotransferase and BMI were independent variables at baseline, alkaline phosphatase and insulin were independent at 1 year post-surgery, and insulin, BMI, and TC were independent at 5 years post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS C3c may be a marker of the chronic inflammatory process underlying insulin resistance. Its association with BMI and liver enzymes supports a major role in metabolic activity, although future research is needed to clarify the nature of the molecular mechanisms involved and the physiological significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segundo Á Gómez-Abril
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas-Ariño
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Av. Gaspar, Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose L Ponce-Marco
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Torres-Sánchez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Delgado-Gomis
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Av. Gaspar, Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. .,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Av. Gaspar, Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. .,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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45
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. The complement system is dysfunctional in metabolic disease: Evidences in plasma and adipose tissue from obese and insulin resistant subjects. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:164-172. [PMID: 29107169 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship among chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and other obesity-associated metabolic disturbances is increasingly recognized. The possible mechanisms that trigger these immunologic alterations remain to be fully understood. The complement system is a crucial element of immune defense system, being important in the activation of innate and adaptative immune response, promoting the clearance of apoptotic and damaged endogenous cells and participating in processes of tissue development, degeneration, and regeneration. Circulating components of the complement system appear to be dysregulated in obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. The activation of the complement system is also evident in adipose tissue from obese subjects, in association with subclinical inflammation and alterations in glucose metabolism. The possible contribution of some components of the complement system in the development of insulin resistance and obesity-associated metabolic disturbances, and the possible role of complement system in adipose tissue physiology is reviewed here. The modulation of the complement system could constitute a potential target in the pathophysiology and therapy of obesity and associated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
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46
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Ekdahl KN, Teramura Y, Hamad OA, Asif S, Duehrkop C, Fromell K, Gustafson E, Hong J, Kozarcanin H, Magnusson PU, Huber-Lang M, Garred P, Nilsson B. Dangerous liaisons: complement, coagulation, and kallikrein/kinin cross-talk act as a linchpin in the events leading to thromboinflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:245-269. [PMID: 27782319 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity is fundamental to our defense against microorganisms. Physiologically, the intravascular innate immune system acts as a purging system that identifies and removes foreign substances leading to thromboinflammatory responses, tissue remodeling, and repair. It is also a key contributor to the adverse effects observed in many diseases and therapies involving biomaterials and therapeutic cells/organs. The intravascular innate immune system consists of the cascade systems of the blood (the complement, contact, coagulation, and fibrinolytic systems), the blood cells (polymorphonuclear cells, monocytes, platelets), and the endothelial cell lining of the vessels. Activation of the intravascular innate immune system in vivo leads to thromboinflammation that can be activated by several of the system's pathways and that initiates repair after tissue damage and leads to adverse reactions in several disorders and treatment modalities. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in the field and discuss the obstacles that exist in order to study the cross-talk between the components of the intravascular innate immune system. These include the use of purified in vitro systems, animal models and various types of anticoagulants. In order to avoid some of these obstacles we have developed specialized human whole blood models that allow investigation of the cross-talk between the various cascade systems and the blood cells. We in particular stress that platelets are involved in these interactions and that the lectin pathway of the complement system is an emerging part of innate immunity that interacts with the contact/coagulation system. Understanding the resulting thromboinflammation will allow development of new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina N Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osama A Hamad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sana Asif
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Duehrkop
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Fromell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Gustafson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jaan Hong
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Huda Kozarcanin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peetra U Magnusson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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47
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Complement component 3 (C3) as a biomarker for insulin resistance after bariatric surgery. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:529-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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48
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Downregulation of the Complement Cascade In Vitro, in Mice and in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease by the BET Protein Inhibitor Apabetalone (RVX-208). J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:337-347. [PMID: 28567671 PMCID: PMC5585290 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apabetalone (RVX-208) is an epigenetic regulator developed to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) that targets BET proteins. Through transcriptional regulation RVX-208 modulates pathways that underlie CVD including reverse cholesterol transport, vascular inflammation, coagulation, and complement. Using transcriptomics and proteomics we show that complement is one of the top pathways downregulated by RVX-208 in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and in plasma from CVD patients. RVX-208 reduces basal and cytokine-driven expression of complement factors in PHH and in chimeric mice with humanized livers. Plasma proteomics of CVD patients shows that RVX-208 decreases complement proteins and regulators, including complement activators SAP and CRP. Circulating activated fragments C5a, C3b, and C5b-C6 are reduced by 51, 32, and 10%, respectively, indicating decreased activity of complement in patients. As complement components are linked to CVD and metabolic syndrome, including major acute cardiac events, modulating their levels and activity by RVX-208 may alleviate risks associated with these diseases.
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49
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Foghmar C, Brøns C, Pilely K, Vaag A, Garred P. Complement factors C4 and C3 are down regulated in response to short term overfeeding in healthy young men. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1235. [PMID: 28450702 PMCID: PMC5430872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with high circulating level of complement factor C3. Animal studies suggest that improper complement activation mediates high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance. Individuals born with low birth weight (LBW) are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance. We hypothesized that high-fat overfeeding (HFO) increase circulating C3 and induce complement activation in a birth weight differential manner. Twenty LBW and 26 normal birth weight (NBW) young men were studied using a randomised crossover design. Insulin resistance was measured after a control-diet and after 5-days HFO by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-clamp. Circulating C4, C3, ficolins, mannose-binding-lectin, complement activation products C3bc, terminal complement complex (TCC) and complement activation capacity were determined using turbidimetry and ELISA. HFO induced peripheral insulin resistance in LBW individuals only, while both groups had the same degree of hepatic insulin resistance after HFO. Viewing all individuals circulating levels of C4, C3, C3bc, TCC and complement activation capacity decreased paradoxically along the development of insulin resistance after HFO (P = 0.0015, P < 0.0001, P = 0.01, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0002, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0006). Birth weight did not influence these results. This might reflect a hitherto unrecognized down-regulatory mechanism of the complement system. More human studies are needed to understand the underlying physiology and the potential consequences of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Foghmar
- Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark. .,Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Department of Endocrinology (Diabetes and metabolism), Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Brøns
- Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Department of Endocrinology (Diabetes and metabolism), Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Katrine Pilely
- Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Allan Vaag
- Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Department of Endocrinology (Diabetes and metabolism), Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark.,AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Mölndal, 43150, Sweden
| | - Peter Garred
- Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
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50
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Li R, Zhao L, Wu N, Wang R, Cao X, Qiu X, Wang D. Proteomic analysis allows for identifying targets of Yinchenwuling Powder in hyperlipidemic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:60-67. [PMID: 26976764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yinchenwuling Powder (YCL) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula originated from Synopsis of Golden Chamber, which is effective in positively modulating lipid levels in clinics. In this study, we utilized proteomic technology to identify the therapeutic targets of YCL on hyperlipidemic rats. METHODS We established hyperlipidemic model rats and administrated them with different doses of YCL extracts (0.35g/ml, 0.75g/ml and 1.5g/ml). Serum lipid levels were quantified and proteomic analysis was performed on plasma samples at the end of the study. Total plasma proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and protein spots with 1.5-fold difference were excised and then analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Proteomic results were verified by Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that the serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly decreased, while the HDL-C levels were significantly increased in different doses of YCL treatment groups. After being analyzed by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF MS, 12 proteins were identified. Eight proteins (T-kininogen, C3, C4, C4BPA, Igλ-2 chain C, Mbl2, Hpx and FGL1) were up-regulated in hyperlipidemic model rats, while four proteins (ApoE, ALB, TTR and VDBP) were up-regulated in the control and the YCL-treated rats. Two plasma proteins, ApoE and FGL1, involved in lipid metabolism, were confirmed by western blotting, and the results were consistent with the data from the proteomics results. CONCLUSIONS In this experiment, we identified 12 differentially-expressed plasma proteins associated with therapeutic effects of YCL. The functions of those proteins are related with lipid metabolism, blood coagulation, anti-inflammation and substance transport. This study provided a clue for the mechanism that underlies the therapeutic effect of YCL on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomeng Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Ning Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Ruiyi Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Xin Cao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Xinjian Qiu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
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