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Liu L, Zhou Y, Deng S, Yuan T, Yang S, Zhu X, Wang C, Wang Y. Arterial stiffness progression in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease subtypes: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1890-1900. [PMID: 38658222 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to investigate the correlation and to explore which MAFLD subtypes have the greatest influence on progression of arterial stiffness risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Using data from a health examination-based cohort, a total of 12,129 participants who underwent two repeated health examinations that included brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) from 2012 to 2020 were enrolled. Participants were separated into non-MAFLD, overweight/obese (OW-MAFLD), lean/normal weight (lean-MAFLD) and diabetes (DM-MAFLD) groups. Among the participants with a median follow-up of 2.17 years, 4511 (37.2%) participants had MAFLD at baseline, among which 3954 (87.7%), 123 (2.7%), and 434 (9.6%) were OW-, lean- and DM-MAFLD, respectively. Analyses using linear regression models confirmed that compared with the non-MAFLD group, the elevated baPWV change rates (cm/s/year) were 12.87 (8.81-16.94), 25.33 (7.84-42.83) and 38.49 (27.88-49.10) in OW, lean and DM-MAFLD, respectively, while the increased change proportions (%) were 1.53 (1.10-1.95), 3.56 (1.72-5.40) and 3.94 (2.82-5.05), respectively. Similar patterns were observed when these two baPWV parameters were transformed in the form of the greatest increase using Cox proportional hazards model analyses. Furthermore, the risk of arterial stiffness progression across MAFLD subtypes presented a significant, gradient, inverse relationship in the order of DM-, lean-, OW with metabolic abnormalities (MA)-, and OW without MA-MAFLD. CONCLUSION MAFLD, especially DM-MAFLD and lean-MAFLD, was significantly associated with arterial stiffness progression, providing evidence that stratification screening and surveillance strategies for CVD risk have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yufu Zhou
- General Surgery Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Shuwen Deng
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Saiqi Yang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- General Surgery Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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Ding Z, Greenberg ZF, Serafim MF, Ali S, Jamieson JC, Traktuev DO, March K, He M. Understanding molecular characteristics of extracellular vesicles derived from different types of mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic translation. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE 2024; 3:100034. [PMID: 38957857 PMCID: PMC11218754 DOI: 10.1016/j.vesic.2024.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied for decades as candidates for cellular therapy, and their secretome, including secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), has been identified to contribute significantly to regenerative and reparative functions. Emerging evidence has suggested that MSC-EVs alone, could be used as therapeutics that emulate the biological function of MSCs. However, just as with MSCs, MSC-EVs have been shown to vary in composition, depending on the tissue source of the MSCs as well as the protocols employed in culturing the MSCs and obtaining the EVs. Therefore, the importance of careful choice of cell sources and culture environments is receiving increasing attention. Many factors contribute to the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs, including the source tissue, isolation technique, and culturing conditions. This review illustrates the molecular landscape of EVs derived from different types of MSC cells along with culture strategies. A thorough analysis of publicly available omic datasets was performed to advance the precision understanding of MSC-EVs with unique tissue source-dependent molecular characteristics. The tissue-specific protein and miRNA-driven Reactome ontology analysis was used to reveal distinct patterns of top Reactome ontology pathways across adipose, bone marrow, and umbilical MSC-EVs. Moreover, a meta-analysis assisted by an AI technique was used to analyze the published literature, providing insights into the therapeutic translation of MSC-EVs based on their source tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zachary F. Greenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Serafim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Samantha Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Julia C. Jamieson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Dmitry O. Traktuev
- UF Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Keith March
- UF Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Oshima T, Takaishi K, Nishihira M, Nguyen ST, Urakawa S, Ohno H, Fujita N. Detraining after short-term exercise induces hyperphagia and obesity with fatty liver and brown adipose tissue whitening in young male OLETF rats. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16055. [PMID: 38872474 PMCID: PMC11176740 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of exercise and detraining at a young age on fat accumulation in various organs. Four-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were assigned to either the non-exercise sedentary (OLETF Sed) or exercise groups. The exercise group was subdivided into two groups: exercise between 4 and 12 weeks of age (OLETF Ex) and exercise between 4 and 6 weeks of age followed by non-exercise between 6 and 12 weeks of age (OLETF DT). Body weight was significantly lower in the OLETF Ex group than in the OLETF Sed group at 12 weeks of age. Fat accumulation in the epididymal white adipose tissue, liver, and brown adipose tissue was suppressed in the OLETF Ex group. During the exercise period, body weight and food intake in the OLETF DT group were significantly lower than those in the OLETF Sed group. However, food intake was significantly higher in the OLETF DT group than in the OLETF Sed group after exercise cessation, resulting in extreme obesity with fatty liver and brown adipose tissue whitening. Detraining after early-onset exercise promotes hyperphagia, causing extreme obesity. Overeating should be avoided during detraining periods in cases of exercise cessation at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Oshima
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaho Takaishi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Misuzu Nishihira
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Son Tien Nguyen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Susumu Urakawa
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruya Ohno
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujita
- Department of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Qiu S, Wu Q, Wang H, Liu D, Chen C, Zhu Z, Zheng H, Yang G, Li L, Yang M. AZGP1 in POMC neurons modulates energy homeostasis and metabolism through leptin-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3377. [PMID: 38643150 PMCID: PMC11032411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (AZGP1) has been implicated in peripheral metabolism; however, its role in regulating energy metabolism in the brain, particularly in POMC neurons, remains unknown. Here, we show that AZGP1 in POMC neurons plays a crucial role in controlling whole-body metabolism. POMC neuron-specific overexpression of Azgp1 under high-fat diet conditions reduces energy intake, raises energy expenditure, elevates peripheral tissue leptin and insulin sensitivity, alleviates liver steatosis, and promotes adipose tissue browning. Conversely, mice with inducible deletion of Azgp1 in POMC neurons exhibit the opposite metabolic phenotypes, showing increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. Notably, an increase in AZGP1 signaling in the hypothalamus elevates STAT3 phosphorylation and increases POMC neuron excitability. Mechanistically, AZGP1 enhances leptin-JAK2-STAT3 signaling by interacting with acylglycerol kinase (AGK) to block its ubiquitination degradation. Collectively, these results suggest that AZGP1 plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis and glucose/lipid metabolism by acting on hypothalamic POMC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402360, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Endocrinology, SBMS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Mengliu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Mann V, Sundaresan A, Shishodia S. Overnutrition and Lipotoxicity: Impaired Efferocytosis and Chronic Inflammation as Precursors to Multifaceted Disease Pathogenesis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:241. [PMID: 38666853 PMCID: PMC11048223 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Overnutrition, driven by the consumption of high-fat, high-sugar diets, has reached epidemic proportions and poses a significant global health challenge. Prolonged overnutrition leads to the deposition of excessive lipids in adipose and non-adipose tissues, a condition known as lipotoxicity. The intricate interplay between overnutrition-induced lipotoxicity and the immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review aims to elucidate the consequences of impaired efferocytosis, caused by lipotoxicity-poisoned macrophages, leading to chronic inflammation and the subsequent development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer, as well as chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic overnutrition promotes adipose tissue expansion which induces cellular stress and inflammatory responses, contributing to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, sustained exposure to lipotoxicity impairs the efferocytic capacity of macrophages, compromising their ability to efficiently engulf and remove dead cells. The unresolved chronic inflammation perpetuates a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, exacerbating tissue damage and promoting the development of various diseases. The interaction between overnutrition, lipotoxicity, and impaired efferocytosis highlights a critical pathway through which chronic inflammation emerges, facilitating the development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, cancer, and chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these intricate connections sheds light on potential therapeutic avenues to mitigate the detrimental effects of overnutrition and lipotoxicity on immune function and tissue homeostasis, thereby paving the way for novel interventions aimed at reducing the burden of these multifaceted diseases on global health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shishir Shishodia
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (V.M.); (A.S.)
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Zhang X, Shan C, Hu K, Fang B, Zhang Z, Xie Q, Liu C, An X, Yang Y, Li X. Prognostic value of metabolic syndrome in patients with heart failure and malnutrition. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:136. [PMID: 38431559 PMCID: PMC10908134 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is severely associated with worst prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). Malnourished patients with the metabolic syndrome (MS) can result in a double burden of malnutrition. We aimed to investigate the impact of the MS on clinical outcomes in malnourished HF patients. METHODS We examined 529 HF patients at risk of malnutrition with a mean age of (66 ± 10) years and 78% (415) were male. Nutritional status defined primarily by the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), with PNI < 40 being defined as malnutrition. The follow-up endpoint was cardiovascular death or all-cause death. RESULTS During the 36-month follow-up, survival rates for cardiovascular and all-cause death were significantly lower in the MS group than in the non-MS group (log-rank P < 0.01). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that MS was independently associated with cardiovascular death (HR:1.759, 95%CI:1.351-2.291, p < 0.001) and all-cause death (HR:1.326, 95%CI:1.041-1.689, p = 0.022) in malnourished patients with HF. MS significantly increased the predictive value of cardiovascular death (AUC:0.669, 95%CI:0.623-0.715, p < 0.001) and all-cause death (AUC:0.636, 95%CI:0.585-0.687, p < 0.001) on the basis of established risk factors. The predictive effect of MS on cardiovascular death was independent of sex, age, functional class and left ventricular ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS In malnourished patients with HF, MS is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. MS significantly enhance the predictive value for clinical events in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Shan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Korla, China
| | - Binbin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin An
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.
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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Yuguang L, Chang Y, Li H, Li F, Zou Q, Liu X, Chen X, Cui J. Inflammation mediates the relationship between diet quality assessed by healthy eating index-2015 and metabolic syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1293850. [PMID: 38379861 PMCID: PMC10877714 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1293850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders, including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and abnormal lipid levels. However, researches on the association between overall dietary quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and the risk of metabolic syndrome is still lacking. Methods This study utilized data from four cycles (2011-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, including 17,582 participants. Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the correlation between HEI and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Additionally, mediation analysis was conducted to examine the effects of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and serum uric acid as potential mediators between HEI and metabolic syndrome risk. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression evaluated the composite exposure impact of the 13 components of the HEI on metabolic syndrome, as well as the proportion of their weights. Results Higher dietary quality measured by HEI-2015 (at the 75th percentile) was negatively correlated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.72-0.89, P=0.003). Higher SII and serum uric acid levels were identified as risk factors for metabolic syndrome (P for trend<0.001). Approximately 37.5% of the effect of HEI on metabolic syndrome occurrence was mediated by SII (Indirect effect=-0.002, 95%CI (-0.003,-0.001), Direct effect=-0.022, 95%CI (-0.0273,-0.015)). Additionally, 25% of the effect of HEI on metabolic syndrome occurrence was mediated by serum uric acid levels (Indirect effect=-0.006, 95%CI (-0.010,-0.012), Direct effect=-0.024, 95%CI (-0.041,-0.009)). WQS regression analysis revealed the highest weighted proportions for seafood and plant proteins (25.20%) and sodium (17.79%), while the weight for whole fruit was the lowest (0.25%). Conclusion Better dietary quality measured by HEI-2015 was associated with a lower likelihood of metabolic syndrome. Higher SII and serum uric acid levels were identified as risk factors for metabolic syndrome and potential mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuguang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fangqi Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangliang Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Scott MC, Fuller S. The Effects of Intermittent Cold Exposure on Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:46. [PMID: 38203217 PMCID: PMC10778965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent cold exposure (ICE) has garnered increased attention in popular culture, largely for its proposed effects on mood and immune function, but there are also suggestions that the energy-wasting mechanisms associated with thermogenesis may decrease body weight and fat mass. Considering the continued and worsening prevalence of obesity and type II diabetes, any protocol that can reduce body weight and/or improve metabolic health would be a substantial boon. Here, we present a narrative review exploring the research related to ICE and adipose tissue. Any publicly available original research examining the effects of repeated bouts of ICE on adipose-related outcomes was included. While ICE does not consistently lower body weight or fat mass, there does seem to be evidence for ICE as a positive modulator of the metabolic consequences of obesity, such as glucose tolerance and insulin signaling. Further, ICE consistently increases the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and transitions white adipose tissue to a phenotype more in line with BAT. Lastly, the combined effects of ICE and exercise do not seem to provide any additional benefit, at least when exercising during ICE bouts. The majority of the current literature on ICE is based on rodent models where animals are housed in cold rooms, which does not reflect protocols likely to be implemented in humans such as cold water immersion. Future research could specifically characterize ICE via cold water immersion in combination with controlled calorie intake to clearly determine the effects of ICE as it would be implemented in humans looking to lower their body weight via reductions in fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Scott
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Scott Fuller
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA
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Jin J, Huangfu B, Xing F, Xu W, He X. Combined exposure to deoxynivalenol facilitates lipid metabolism disorder in high-fat-diet-induced obesity mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108345. [PMID: 38008010 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecene toxin that mainly produced by strains of Fusarium spp. DON contamination is widely distributed and is a global food safety threat. Existing studies have expounded its harmful effects on growth inhibition, endocrine disruption, immune function impairment, and reproductive toxicity. In energy metabolism, DON suppresses appetite, reduces body weight, triggers lipid oxidation, and negatively affects cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. In this study, high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese C57BL/6J mice were orally treated with 0.1 mg/kg bw/d and 1.0 mg/kg bw/d DON for 4 weeks. The lipid metabolism of mice and the molecular mechanisms were explored. The data showed that although DON reduced body weight and fat mass in HFD mice, it significantly increased their serum triglyceride concentrations, disturbance of serum lipid metabolites, impaired glucose, and resulted in insulin intolerance in mice. In addition, the transcriptional and expression changes of lipid metabolism genes in the liver and epididymis (EP) adipose indicate that the DON-mediated increase in serum triglycerides is caused by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) inhibition in EP adipose. Furthermore, DON down-regulates the expression of LPL through the PPARγ signaling pathway in EP adipose. These results are further confirmed by the serum lipidomics analysis. In conclusion, DON acts on the PPARγ pathway of white adipose to inhibit the expression of LPL, mediate the increase of serum triglyceride in obese mice, disturb the homeostasis of lipid metabolism, and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study reveals the interference mechanism of DON on lipid metabolism in obese mice and provides a theoretical basis for its toxic effect in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bingxin Huangfu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fuguo Xing
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Nna VU, McGrowder D, Nwokocha C. Nutraceutical management of metabolic syndrome as a palliative and a therapeutic to coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1123-1142. [PMID: 33770443 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1903041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The global market for medicinal plants and herbs is on the increase due to their desirability, efficacy, and less adverse effects as complementary and alternative medications to the orthodox pharmaceuticals, perhaps due to their natural components and qualities. Metabolic syndromes are managed with changes in diet, exercise, lifestyle modifications and the use of pharmacological agents. Plants are now known to have potent antioxidant and cholinergic activities which are relevant to the management of several metabolic syndromes, which are unfortunately, co-morbidity factors in the coronavirus disease crisis. This review will focus on the biological activities of some plant products used as complementary and alternative medicines in the management of metabolic syndromes, and on their reported antiviral, antithrombotic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory properties, which are integral to their usage in the management of viral infections and may give an avenue for prophylactic and therapeutics especially in the absence of vaccines/formulated antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Donovan McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Physiology Section), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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12
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Bouillon VN, Hinson CS, Hu M, Brooks RM. Management of Lipedema Beyond Liposuction: A Case Study. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2023; 5:ojad088. [PMID: 37811191 PMCID: PMC10559941 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a pathologic accumulation of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer of the extremities. This connective tissue disorder, which predominately affects females, is often misdiagnosed despite an incidence of ∼11%. Misdiagnosis often leads to delays in appropriate treatment, further increasing the morbidity of the condition. The authors report their facilities' experience in treating a patient with lipedema, requiring multiple surgical interventions involving liposuction and skin debulking to achieve desired aesthetic outcomes. The patient presented to the plastic surgery clinic with severe lipedema of the bilateral lower extremities. She previously underwent a panniculectomy and bilateral lower extremity liposuction without achieving the desired aesthetic results. Prior conservative management and liposuction alone were both unsuccessful treatment options and she required debulking procedures, along with further liposuction, as definitive management. The patient underwent 2 procedures at the clinic, both consisting of liposuction and panniculectomy of the lower extremities and buttocks. The procedures were conducted 1 year apart but were able to achieve the patient's desired aesthetics goals. Management of lipedema can be challenging, but not impossible. This case report shows that local excision is a viable option for treatment if minimally invasive options yield limited results. Level of Evidence 5
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandler S Hinson
- Corresponding Author: Mr Chandler S. Hinson, 258 Jackson Blvd, Mobile, AL 36609, USA. E-mail: ; X: @chandlerhinson_
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13
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu F, Li W, Zhang T, Fang B, Zhang Z, Xie Q, Yang Y, Li X. Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) as a Predictor in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Heart Failure. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2503-2514. [PMID: 37614379 PMCID: PMC10443633 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s420924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is a lack of research on nutritional status and poor prognosis in patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure. This study evaluated the relationship between nutritional status as defined by the PNI and adverse outcomes in patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure. Methods A total of 1048 heart failure patients with metabolic syndrome admitted to the Heart Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2015 to December 2019 were consecutively. PNI was used to assess their nutritional status. Results A total of 51.0% of the patients were in the nonmalnutrition group (PNI≥45), 27.9% were in the mild malnutrition group (40≤PNI<45), and 21.1% of patients were in the malnutrition group (PNI<40). At 36 months of follow-up, after adjusting for other confounding factors, malnutrition (PNI<40) was independently associated with all-cause death (HR: 1.787, 95% CI: 1.451-2.201, P<0.001) and cardiovascular death (HR: 1.837, 95% CI: 1.467-2.301, P<0.001). PNI showed additional prognostic predictive value when included in the established risk factor model, both for all-cause death (AUC: 0.620, 95% CI: 0.579-0.661, P<0.001) and cardiovascular death (AUC: 0.596, 95% CI: 0.555-0.636, P<0.001). Conclusion In patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure, malnutrition assessed by PNI is an independent predictor for all-cause death and cardiovascular death, and PNI is negatively correlated with the occurrence of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jixin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenling Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binbin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Zhang Y, Lan M, Liu C, Wang T, Liu C, Wu S, Meng Q. Islr regulates insulin sensitivity by interacting with Psma4 to control insulin receptor alpha levels in obese mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 159:106420. [PMID: 37116777 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dysfunctional insulin receptor signaling is a major manifestation of this insulin resistance. In T2D, the corresponding insulin receptor levels are aberrantly down-regulated, which is one of the major factors underlying obesity-induced insulin resistance in adipose tissue. However, the precise mechanism of insulin receptor impairment in obese individuals remains unclear. In the current study, we established that immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (Islr) is highly expressed in adipocytes of mice fed a high-fat diet. We further demonstrated that Islr mediates the ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of insulin receptor alpha (Insrα) by specifically interacting with proteasome subunit alpha type 4 (Psma4). Islr knockout increased the corresponding Insrα subunit levels and enhanced insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, ultimately improving systemic metabolism. Further, siRNA-mediated down-regulation of Islr expression in the white adipose tissue of obese mice increased insulin sensitivity. Overall, Islr regulates insulin sensitivity by interacting with Psma4 to control the ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of Insrα in obese mice, indicating that Islr may be a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Lan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuncheng Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; The Institute of Bioengineering and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Sen Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
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15
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Vitamin C attenuates predisposition to high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysregulation in GLUT10-deficient mouse model. GENES & NUTRITION 2022; 17:10. [PMID: 35842612 PMCID: PMC9288715 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-022-00713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly influenced by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors. While vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) has been suggested as a complementary nutritional treatment for T2DM, evidence for the significance and beneficial effects of AA in T2DM is thus far inconclusive. We suspect that clinical studies on the topic might need to account for combination of genetic and dietary factors that could influence AA effects on metabolism. In this study, we tested this general idea using a mouse model with genetic predisposition to diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. In particular, we utilized mice carrying a human orthologous GLUT10G128E variant (GLUT10G128E mice), which are highly sensitive to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysregulation. The genetic variant has high relevance to human populations, as genetic polymorphisms in glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10) are associated with a T2DM intermediate phenotype in nondiabetic population. Results We investigated the impacts of AA supplementation on metabolism in wild-type (WT) mice and GLUT10G128E mice fed with a normal diet or HFD. Overall, the beneficial effects of AA on metabolism were greater in HFD-fed GLUT10G128E mice than in HFD-fed WT mice. At early postnatal stages, AA improved the development of compromised epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in GLUT10G128E mice. In adult animals, AA supplementation attenuated the predisposition of GLUT10G128E mice to HFD-triggered eWAT inflammation, adipokine dysregulation, ectopic fatty acid accumulation, metabolic dysregulation, and body weight gain, as compared with WT mice. Conclusions Taken together, our findings suggest that AA has greater beneficial effects on metabolism in HFD-fed GLUT10G128E mice than HFD-fed WT mice. As such, AA plays an important role in supporting eWAT development and attenuating HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation in GLUT10G128E mice. Our results suggest that proper WAT development is essential for metabolic regulation later in life. Furthermore, when considering the usage of AA as a complementary nutrition for prevention and treatment of T2DM, individual differences in genetics and dietary patterns should be taken into account. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12263-022-00713-y.
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16
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Kábelová A, Malínská H, Marková I, Hűttl M, Chylíková B, Šeda O. Quercetin supplementation alters adipose tissue and hepatic transcriptomes and ameliorates adiposity, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance in adult male rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:952065. [PMID: 36245490 PMCID: PMC9558266 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.952065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid present in many fruits and vegetables, exhibits beneficial effects toward abnormalities related to metabolic syndrome. In this study, to further investigate metabolic and transcriptomic responses to quercetin supplementation, we used a genetic model of metabolic syndrome. Adult male rats of the PD/Cub strain were fed either a high-sucrose diet (HSD; control PD rats) or HSD fortified with quercetin (10 g quercetin/kg diet; PD-Q rats). Morphometric and metabolic parameters, along with transcriptomic profiles of the liver and retroperitoneal fat, were assessed. The relative weights of epididymal and retroperitoneal fat were significantly decreased in quercetin-treated animals. Furthermore, a smaller area under the glycemic curve along with a decreased level of fasting insulin were detected in PD-Q rats. While no changes in total cholesterol levels were observed, the overall level of triglycerides decreased in the serum and the liver of the PD-Q rats. The transcriptomic profile of the liver and the adipose tissue corroborated the metabolic and morphometric findings, revealing the pattern consistent with insulin-sensitizing changes, with major regulator nodes being Pparg, Adipoq, Nos2, and Mir378. In conclusion, quercetin supplementation improves abnormalities related to metabolic syndrome, namely adiposity, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Kábelová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Malínská
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Marková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Hűttl
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Blanka Chylíková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Ondřej Šeda,
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17
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Bianchi M, Manco M. Circulating levels of PIN1 and glucose metabolism in young people with obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1741-1748. [PMID: 35585295 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired activity of the peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) isomerase might contribute to link disturbed glucose metabolism and risk of glucose related neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. The isomerase modulates also pathways of peripheral insulin sensitivity and secretion. We aimed at investigating the levels of circulating PIN1 in adolescents with obesity and any association with their glucose metabolism. METHODS We enrolled 145 adolescents (age 12-17.8 years); 67 lean controls (46.2%) and 78 (53.8%) with overweight or obesity (males n = 62, 46%). We estimated glucose and insulin in fasting condition and after a standard oral glucose tolerance test; fasting serum levels of PIN1, amyloid β-protein 42 (Aβ42), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and Non Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA). We calculated the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the β cell function (HOMA-β) and the Adipo-IR. RESULTS There was no difference in PIN1 serum levels between normal weight individuals and patients with obesity. However, there was an inverse correlation between serum fasting PIN1 and glucose (r - 0.183 and p = 0.027). We confirmed levels of Aβ42 and PSEN1 were higher in teens with obesity than in lean controls and their correlation with the body mass index (Aβ42: r = 0.302, p = 0.0001, PSEN1 r = 0.231, p = 0.005) and the HOMA-IR (Aβ42: r = 0.219, p = 0.009, r = 0.170, p < 0.042). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant rise of circulating PIN1 levels in young individuals with obesity. Increased levels reported in the literature in adult patients are likely to occur late in the natural history of the disease with the onset of an overt impairment of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bianchi
- Research Area for Multi-Factorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, viale di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - M Manco
- Research Area for Multi-Factorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, viale di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolically healthy deterioration across different body shape phenotypes at baseline and change patterns. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14786. [PMID: 36042236 PMCID: PMC9427771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the relationship between NAFLD and metabolic deterioration remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate dynamic changes in metabolically healthy phenotypes and to assess the impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on the conversion from metabolically healthy (MH) to metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotypes across body shape phenotypes and phenotypic change patterns. We defined body shape phenotypes using both the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and defined metabolic health as individuals scoring ≤ 1 on the NCEP-ATP III criteria, excluding WC. A total of 12,910 Chinese participants who were MH at baseline were enrolled in 2013 and followed-up in 2019 or 2020. During a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 27.0% (n = 3,486) of the MH individuals developed an MU phenotype. According to the multivariate Cox analyses, NAFLD was a significant predictor of conversion from the MH to MU phenotype, independent of potential confounders (HR: 1.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.22). For the MH-normal weight group, the relative risk of NAFLD in phenotypic conversion was 1.21 (95% CI 1.03–1.41, P = 0.017), which was relatively higher than that of MH-overweight/obesity group (HR: 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.26, P = 0.013). Interestingly, the effect of NAFLD at baseline on MH deterioration was stronger in the “lean” phenotype group than in the “non-lean” phenotype group at baseline and in the “fluctuating non-lean” phenotype change pattern group than in the “stable non-lean” phenotype change pattern group during follow-up. In conclusion, lean NAFLD is not as benign as currently considered and requires more attention during metabolic status screening.
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Fernández-Felipe J, Plaza A, Domínguez G, Pérez-Castells J, Cano V, Cioni F, Del Olmo N, Ruiz-Gayo M, Merino B. Effect of Lauric vs. Oleic Acid-Enriched Diets on Leptin Autoparacrine Signalling in Male Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081864. [PMID: 36009410 PMCID: PMC9405789 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets enriched with lauric acid (SOLF) do not enhance leptin production despite expanding white adipose tissue (WAT). Our study aimed at identifying the influence of SOLF vs. oleic acid-enriched diets (UOLF) on the autoparacrine effect of leptin and was carried out on eight-week-old mice consuming control chow, UOLF or SOLF. Phosphorylation of kinases integral to leptin receptor (LepR) signalling pathways (705Tyr-STAT3, 473Ser-Akt, 172Thr-AMPK), adipocyte-size distribution, fatty acid content, and gene expression were analyzed in WAT. SOLF enhanced basal levels of phosphorylated proteins but reduced the ability of leptin to enhance kinase phosphorylation. In contrast, UOLF failed to increase basal levels of phosphorylated proteins and did not modify the effect of leptin. Both SOLF and UOLF similarly affected adipocyte-size distribution, and the expression of genes related with adipogenesis and inflammation. WAT composition was different between groups, with SOLF samples mostly containing palmitic, myristic and lauric acids (>48% w/w) and UOLF WAT containing more than 80% (w/w) of oleic acid. In conclusion, SOLF appears to be more detrimental than UOLF to the autoparacrine leptin actions, which may have an impact on WAT inflammation. The effect of SOLF and UOLF on WAT composition may affect WAT biophysical properties, which are able to condition LepR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Fernández-Felipe
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-F.); (A.P.); (V.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Adrián Plaza
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-F.); (A.P.); (V.C.); (F.C.)
- Laboratory of Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome (BIOPROMET), IMDEA Food Institute, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28660 Madrid, Spain; (G.D.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28660 Madrid, Spain; (G.D.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Victoria Cano
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-F.); (A.P.); (V.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cioni
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-F.); (A.P.); (V.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Departament of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-F.); (A.P.); (V.C.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.-G.); (B.M.)
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-F.); (A.P.); (V.C.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.-G.); (B.M.)
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20
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Johnson H, Yates T, Leedom G, Ramanathan C, Puppa M, van der Merwe M, Tipirneni-Sajja A. Multi-Tissue Time-Domain NMR Metabolomics Investigation of Time-Restricted Feeding in Male and Female Nile Grass Rats. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070657. [PMID: 35888782 PMCID: PMC9321200 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disease resulting from overnutrition is prevalent and rapidly increasing in incidence in modern society. Time restricted feeding (TRF) dietary regimens have recently shown promise in attenuating some of the negative metabolic effects associated with chronic nutrient stress. The purpose of this study is to utilize a multi-tissue metabolomics approach using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to investigate TRF and sex-specific effects of high-fat diet in a diurnal Nile grass rat model. Animals followed a six-week dietary protocol on one of four diets: chow ad libitum, high-fat ad libitum (HF-AD), high-fat early TRF (HF-AM), or high-fat late TRF (HF-PM), and their liver, heart, and white adipose tissues were harvested at the end of the study and were analyzed by NMR. Time-domain complete reduction to amplitude–frequency table (CRAFT) was used to semi-automate and systematically quantify metabolites in liver, heart, and adipose tissues while minimizing operator bias. Metabolite profiling and statistical analysis revealed lipid remodeling in all three tissues and ectopic accumulation of cardiac and hepatic lipids for HF-AD feeding compared to a standard chow diet. Animals on TRF high-fat diet had lower lipid levels in the heart and liver compared to the ad libitum group; however, no significant differences were noted for adipose tissue. Regardless of diet, females exhibited greater amounts of hepatic lipids compared to males, while no consistent differences were shown in adipose and heart. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of performing systematic and time-efficient multi-tissue NMR metabolomics to elucidate metabolites involved in the crosstalk between different metabolic tissues and provides a more holistic approach to better understand the etiology of metabolic disease and the effects of TRF on metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (H.J.); (T.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Thomas Yates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (H.J.); (T.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Gary Leedom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (H.J.); (T.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Chidambaram Ramanathan
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (C.R.); (M.P.); (M.v.d.M.)
| | - Melissa Puppa
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (C.R.); (M.P.); (M.v.d.M.)
| | - Marie van der Merwe
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (C.R.); (M.P.); (M.v.d.M.)
| | - Aaryani Tipirneni-Sajja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (H.J.); (T.Y.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Patel RK, Mittal S, Singh S. Imaging of Mischievous Intra-abdominal Fat Presenting with Abdominal Pain: A Pictorial Review. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2022; 12:45-49. [PMID: 35990862 PMCID: PMC9357515 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To briefly discuss the imaging features of different types of intra-abdominal fat necrosis. Background Trauma and ischemic insult may result in intra-abdominal fat necrosis. Fat necrosis may present with acute abdomen, clinically simulating with other etiologies, such as acute diverticulitis and acute appendicitis. Main body Imaging plays a crucial role in making the exact diagnosis and differentiating it from other pathologies that may require surgical intervention. Computed tomography (CT) is the most commonly used imaging modality. A small fat attenuation lesion with a hyperattenuating rim in contact with the ventral surface of the sigmoid colon indicates epiploic appendagitis while a larger fat-attenuation lesion on the right side of the abdomen in between the colon and anterior abdominal wall indicates omental infarction. Fat stranding at the root of the mesentery with fat ring sign represents inflammatory mesenteric panniculitis while retractile or sclerosing mesenteritis appears as a fibrotic spiculated mass with or without calcification, mimicking mesenteric carcinoid. In patients with acute pancreatitis, the amount of inflamed fat correlates with clinical severity and outcome. Conclusions Familiarity with the imaging features of different types of intraabdominal fat necrosis helps in establishing an accurate diagnosis, thus avoiding unnecessary intervention. How to cite this article Patel RK, Mittal S, Singh S. Imaging of Mischievous Intra-abdominal Fat Presenting with Abdominal Pain: A Pictorial Review. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2022;12(1):45–49.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Patel
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
- Ranjan K Patel, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India, Phone: +91 8851228221, e-mail:
| | - Shruti Mittal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sapna Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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22
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Cao M, Li S, Tang Y, Zou Y. A Meta-Analysis of High-Intensity Interval Training on Glycolipid Metabolism in Children With Metabolic Disorders. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:887852. [PMID: 35633975 PMCID: PMC9133662 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.887852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Metabolic disorders are common among children and adolescents with obesity and are associated with insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and other cardiovascular risk factors. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient method to improve cardiometabolic health. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effects of HIIT on glycolipid metabolism in children with metabolic disorders. Methods Meta-analyses were conducted to determine the effect of HIIT on glycolipid metabolism markers. Subgroup analysis with potential moderators was explored [i.e., training intensity standard and work/rest time ratio (WRR)]. Results Eighteen trials involving 538 participants were included. HIIT showed positive effects on glycolipid metabolism, such as triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), blood glucose (BG), blood insulin (BI), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR, when compared to the non-training control group (CON); in addition to BG (p = 0.257), the combined results of other indicators have high heterogeneity (p = 0.000). HIIT showed no superior effects when compared to moderate-intensity training (MIT). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that HIIT protocol with a WRR of 1:1 was superior to MIT for reducing TG and LDL-C and used %maximal aerobic speed (MAS) as the exercise intensity was superior to MIT for reducing TG. HIIT protocol used %heart rate (HR) as the exercise intensity was superior to MIT for increasing HDL-C, decreasing BI, and HOMA-IR. Conclusion HIIT improved glycolipid metabolism in children with metabolic disorders. WRR and training intensity can affect the intervention effects of HIIT. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/], identifier [CRD42021291473].
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cao
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yucheng Tang
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Boutari C, Pappas PD, Theodoridis TD, Vavilis D. Humanin and diabetes mellitus: A review of in vitro and in vivo studies. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:213-223. [PMID: 35432758 PMCID: PMC8984571 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived polypeptide with cyto-protective and anti-apoptotic effects that regulates the mitochondrial functions under stress conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests the role of HN against age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The decline in insulin action is a metabolic feature of aging and thus, type 2 diabetes mellitus is considered an age-related disease, as well. It has been suggested that HN increases insulin sensitivity, improves the survival of pancreatic beta cells, and delays the onset of diabetes, actions that could be deployed in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this review is to present the in vitro and in vivo studies that examined the role of HN in insulin resistance and diabetes and to discuss its newly emerging role as a therapeutic option against those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Boutari
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Panagiotis D Pappas
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece
| | - Theodoros D Theodoridis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vavilis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus 20537 1678, Cyprus
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24
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Basu I, Bar S, Prasad M, Datta R. Adipose deficiency and aberrant autophagy in a Drosophila model of MPS VII is corrected by pharmacological stimulators of mTOR. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Stone NJ, Smith SC, Orringer CE, Rigotti NA, Navar AM, Khan SS, Jones DW, Goldberg R, Mora S, Blaha M, Pencina MJ, Grundy SM. Managing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79:819-836. [PMID: 35210038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to identify high-risk features that predict early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The authors provide insights to help clinicians identify and address high-risk conditions in the 20- to 39-year age range (young adults). These include tobacco use, elevated blood pressure/hypertension, family history of premature ASCVD, primary severe hypercholesterolemia such as familial hypercholesterolemia, diabetes with diabetes-specific risk-enhancing factors, or the presence of multiple other risk-enhancing factors, including in females, a history of pre-eclampsia or menopause under age 40. The authors update current thinking on lipid risk factors such as triglycerides, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, or lipoprotein (a) that are useful in understanding an individual's long-term ASCVD risk. The authors review emerging strategies, such as coronary artery calcium and polygenic risk scores in this age group, that have potential clinical utility, but whose best use remains uncertain. Finally, the authors discuss both the obstacles and opportunities for addressing prevention in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stone
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Sidney C Smith
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carl E Orringer
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ann Marie Navar
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sadiya S Khan
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel W Jones
- University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ronald Goldberg
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Scott M Grundy
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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26
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Tirandi A, Carbone F, Montecucco F, Liberale L. The role of metabolic syndrome in sudden cardiac death risk: Recent evidence and future directions. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13693. [PMID: 34714544 PMCID: PMC9286662 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a frequent condition whose deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system are often underestimated. MetS is nowadays considered a real pandemic with an estimated prevalence of 25% in general population. Individuals with MetS are at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) as this condition accounts for 50% of all cardiac deaths in such a population. Of interest, recent studies demonstrated that individuals with MetS show 70% increased risk of SCD even without previous history of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, little is known about the interplay between the two conditions. MetS is a complex disease determined by genetic predisposition, unhealthy lifestyle and ageing with deleterious effects on different organs. MetS components trigger a systemic chronic low-grade pro-inflammatory state, associated with excess of sympathetic activity, cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias and atherosclerosis. Thus, MetS has an important burden on the cardiovascular system as demonstrated by both preclinical and clinical evidence. The aim of this review is to summarize recent evidence concerning the association between MetS and SCD, showing possible common aetiological processes, and to indicate prospective for future studies and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Tirandi
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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27
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Sonenblum SE, Measel M, Sprigle SH, Greenhalgh J, Cathcart JM. An Exploratory Analysis of the Role of Adipose Characteristics in Fulltime Wheelchair Users' Pressure Injury History. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:753897. [PMID: 34912788 PMCID: PMC8666593 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.753897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The goals of this study were 1) to identify the relationship between adipose (subcutaneous and intramuscular) characteristics and pressure injury (PrI) history in wheelchair users and 2) to identify subject characteristics, including biomechanical risk, that are related to adipose characteristics. Materials and Methods: The buttocks of 43 full-time wheelchair users with and without a history of pelvic PrIs were scanned in a seated posture in a FONAR UPRIGHT® MRI. Intramuscular adipose (the relative difference in intensity between adipose and gluteus maximus) and the subcutaneous adipose characteristics (the relative difference in intensity between subcutaneous adipose under and surrounding the ischium) were compared to PrI history and subject characteristics. Results: Participants with a history of PrIs had different subcutaneous fat (subQF) characteristics than participants without a history of PrIs. Specifically, they had significantly darker adipose under the ischium than surrounding the ischium (subQF effect size = 0.21) than participants without a history of PrIs (subQF effect size = 0.58). On the other hand, only when individuals with complete fat infiltration (n = 7) were excluded did individuals with PrI history have more fat infiltration than those without a PrI history. The presence of spasms (μ intramuscular adipose, 95% CI with spasms 0.642 [0.430, 0.855], without spasms 0.168 [-0.116, 0.452], p = 0.01) and fewer years using a wheelchair were associated with leaner muscle (Pearson Corr = -0.442, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The results of the study suggest the hypothesis that changes in adipose tissue under the ischial tuberosity (presenting as darker SubQF) are associated with increased biomechanical risk for pressure injury. Further investigation of this hypothesis, and the role of intramuscular fat infiltration in PrI development, may help our understanding of PrI etiology. It may also lead to clinically useful diagnostic techniques that can identify changes in adipose and biomechanical risk to inform early preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Eve Sonenblum
- Rehabilitation Engineering and Applied Research Laboratory, The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Megan Measel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stephen H Sprigle
- Rehabilitation Engineering and Applied Research Laboratory, The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,College of Design, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - John McKay Cathcart
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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28
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Boughanem H, Ruiz-Limon P, Crujeiras AB, de Luque V, Tinahones FJ, Macias-Gonzalez M. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D status is associated with interleukin-6 methylation in adipose tissue from patients with colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2021; 12:9620-9631. [PMID: 34549226 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A dysfunctional visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is characterized by increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, which may increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the epigenetic contribution to the inflammatory status is poorly understood. In our study, we hypothesized that a dysfunctional VAT may be a risk factor for CRC, through epigenetic modifications. Therefore, we aimed to study the transcriptional/methylation profile of proinflammatory cytokines and genes related to vitamin D metabolism in VAT from CRC patients, and evaluate their association with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). We included 129 participants (68 healthy participants and 61 CRC patients). We found that the majority of the studied genes are upregulated and hypomethylated in CRC patients, when compared to the healthy subjects (p < 0.05). In addition, serum 25(OH)D was associated with both mRNA gene expression and methylation of key genes, such as interleukin (IL)6, IL10, vitamin D receptor (VDR) or cytochrome P450 subfamily 27 type B1 (CYP27B1) (p < 0.05). Interestingly, while high IL6 expression was related to poor survival in CRC (p < 0.05), IL6 methylation was associated with an increased risk of CRC, in which 25(OH)D partially mediated this association (p < 0.05). Our study suggests a potential association between epigenetic regulation of inflammatory mediators in VAT - such as IL6 - in the CRC context, in which 25(OH)D may mediate this risk. Therefore, vitamin D could affect the epigenetic status of IL6, which can be considered for additional preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Boughanem
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Patricia Ruiz-Limon
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain. .,CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanessa de Luque
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain. .,CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain. .,CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Świderska E, Strycharz J, Wróblewski A, Czarny P, Szemraj J, Drzewoski J, Śliwińska A. Chronic and Intermittent Hyperglycemia Modulates Expression of Key Molecules of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Differentiating Human Visceral Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147712. [PMID: 34299331 PMCID: PMC8304829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to its prominence in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation, adipose tissue is a major target to investigate alterations in insulin action. This hormone activates PI3K/AKT pathway which is essential for glucose homeostasis, cell differentiation, and proliferation in insulin-sensitive tissues, like adipose tissue. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of chronic and intermittent high glucose on the expression of biomolecules of insulin signaling pathway during the differentiation and maturation of human visceral preadipocytes. Methods: Human visceral preadipocytes (HPA-V) cells were treated with high glucose (30 mM)during the proliferation and/or differentiation and/or maturation stage. The level of mRNA (by Real-Time PCR) and protein (by Elisa tests) expression of IRS1, PI3K, PTEN, AKT2, and GLUT4 was examined after each culture stage. Furthermore, we investigated whether miR-29a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-152-3p, miR-186-5p, miR-370-3p, and miR-374b-5p may affect the expression of biomolecules of the insulin signaling pathway. Results: Both chronic and intermittent hyperglycemia affects insulin signaling in visceral pre/adipocytes by upregulation of analyzed PI3K/AKT pathway molecules. Both mRNA and protein expression level is more dependent on stage-specific events than the length of the period of high glucose exposure. What is more, miRs expression changes seem to be involved in PI3K/AKT expression regulation in response to hyperglycemic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Świderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-693-843-960
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Hospital of Medical University, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
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Poret JM, Molina PE, Simon L. Isolation, Proliferation and Differentiation of Rhesus Macaque Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2021:10.3791/61732. [PMID: 34125096 PMCID: PMC8210449 DOI: 10.3791/61732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue provides a rich and accessible source of multipotent stem cells, which are able to self-renew. These adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) provide a consistent ex vivo cellular system that are functionally like that of in vivo adipocytes. Use of ADSCs in biomedical research allows for cellular investigation of adipose tissue metabolic regulation and function. ADSC differentiation is necessary for adequate adipocyte expansion, and suboptimal differentiation is a major mechanism of adipose dysfunction. Understanding changes in ADSC differentiation is crucial to understanding the development of metabolic dysfunction and disease. The protocols described in this manuscript, when followed, will yield mature adipocytes that can be used for several in vitro functional tests to assess ADSC metabolic function, including but not limited to assays measuring glucose uptake, lipolysis, lipogenesis, and secretion. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are physiologically, anatomically, and evolutionarily similar to humans and as such, their tissues and cells have been used extensively in biomedical research and for development of treatments. Here, we describe ADSC isolation using fresh subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue obtained from 4-9-year old rhesus macaques. Adipose tissue samples are enzymatically digested in collagenase followed by filtration and centrifugation to isolate ADSCs from the stromal vascular fraction. Isolated ADSCs are proliferated in stromal media followed by approximately 14-21 days of differentiation using a cocktail of 0.5 μg/mL dexamethasone, 0.5 mM isobutyl methylxanthine, and 50 μM indomethacin in stromal media. Mature adipocytes are observed at approximately 14 days of differentiation. In this manuscript, we describe protocols for ADSC isolation, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro. Although, we have focused on ADSCs from rhesus macaque adipose tissue, these protocols can be utilized for adipose tissue obtained from other animals with minimal adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonquil M Poret
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans; Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans; Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans; Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans;
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Liu Y, Gao Y, Ma F, Sun M, Mu G, Tuo Y. The ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Y44 oral administration on inflammation and lipid metabolism in obese mice fed with a high fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 11:5024-5039. [PMID: 32530448 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies, Lactobacillus plantarum Y44 showed antioxidant activity and favorable gastric and intestinal transit tolerance. The purpose of this study is to determine whether L. plantarum Y44 could ameliorate intestinal inflammation and lipid metabolism disorder in obese mice fed with a high-fat diet. L. plantarum Y44 was administered by gavage to the mice fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The mice fed with a high fat diet only showed sustainably elevated body weight, liver lipid metabolism disorder, intestinal inflammation and a lower short chain fatty acid content in feces. Oral administration of L. plantarum Y44 regulated lipid metabolism disorder by inhibiting the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in the liver of obese mice, reducing the contents of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) and increasing the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in the serum of obese mice. Oral administration of L. plantarum Y44 up-regulated the expression of colon tight junction protein such as claudin-1 and occludin, down-regulated p38 and phospho-p38 levels and reduced serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Oral administration of L. plantarum Y44 increased Muribaculaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Lactobacillaceae levels, reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and Desulfovibrionaceae and Proteobacteria levels in obese mice. Oral administration of L. plantarum Y44 also enhanced the contents of propionic acid, butyric acid, butanoicacid-3-methyl, pentanoic acid and acetic acid in the feces of the obese mice. Correlation analysis of Spearman revealed a significant correlation between changes in intestinal microflora and obesity-related symptoms. L. plantarum Y44 ameliorated intestinal inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders by modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Liu
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China. and Dalian probiotics function research key laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fenglian Ma
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China. and Dalian probiotics function research key laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mengying Sun
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China. and Dalian probiotics function research key laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China. and Dalian probiotics function research key laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yanfeng Tuo
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China. and Dalian probiotics function research key laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Ahmad S, Drag MH, Salleh SM, Cai Z, Nielsen MO. Transcriptomics analysis of differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissue of sheep as affected by their pre- and early postnatal malnutrition histories. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:338. [PMID: 33975549 PMCID: PMC8114714 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life malnutrition is known to target adipose tissue with varying impact depending on timing of the insult. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous (SUB) and perirenal (PER) adipose tissue of 2.5-years old sheep to elucidate the biology underlying differential impacts of late gestation versus early postnatal malnutrition on functional development of adipose tissues. Adipose tissues were obtained from 37 adult sheep born as twins to dams fed either NORM (fulfilling energy and protein requirements), LOW (50% of NORM) or HIGH (110% of protein and 150% of energy requirements) diets in the last 6-weeks of gestation. From day 3 to 6 months of age, lambs were fed high-carbohydrate-high-fat (HCHF) or moderate low-fat (CONV) diets, and thereafter the same moderate low-fat diet. RESULTS The gene expression profile of SUB in the adult sheep was not affected by the pre- or early postnatal nutrition history. In PER, 993 and 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in LOW versus HIGH and NORM, respectively, but no DEG was found between HIGH and NORM. DEGs identified in the mismatched pre- and postnatal nutrition groups LOW-HCHF (101) and HIGH-HCHF (192) were largely downregulated compared to NORM-CONV. Out of 831 DEGs, 595 and 236 were up- and downregulated in HCHF versus CONV, respectively. The functional enrichment analyses revealed that transmembrane (ion) transport activities, motor activities related to cytoskeletal and spermatozoa function (microtubules and the cytoskeletal motor protein, dynein), and responsiveness to the (micro) environmental extracellular conditions, including endocrine and nervous stimuli were enriched in the DEGs of LOW versus HIGH and NORM. We confirmed that mismatched pre- and postnatal feeding was associated with long-term programming of adipose tissue remodeling and immunity-related pathways. In agreement with phenotypic measurements, early postnatal HCHF feeding targeted pathways involved in kidney cell differentiation, and mismatched LOW-HCHF sheep had specific impairments in cholesterol metabolism pathways. CONCLUSIONS Both pre- and postnatal malnutrition differentially programmed (patho-) physiological pathways with implications for adipose functional development associated with metabolic dysfunctions, and PER was a major target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Ahmad
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Markus Hodal Drag
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suraya Mohamad Salleh
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zexi Cai
- Centre for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Yang M, Li C, Sun L. Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs): A Novel Therapeutic Target for Treating Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1347-1362. [PMID: 32048952 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200212100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Membranes (MAMs) are the cellular structures that connect the ER and mitochondria and mediate communication between these two organelles. MAMs have been demonstrated to be involved in calcium signaling, lipid transfer, mitochondrial dynamic change, mitophagy, and the ER stress response. In addition, MAMs are critical for metabolic regulation, and their dysfunction has been reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome, including the downregulation of insulin signaling and the accelerated progression of hyperlipidemia, obesity, and hypertension. This review covers the roles of MAMs in regulating insulin sensitivity and the molecular mechanism underlying MAM-regulated cellular metabolism and reveals the potential of MAMs as a therapeutic target in treating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Shrimp Oil Extracted from Shrimp Processing By-Product Is a Rich Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin-Esters, and Reveals Potential Anti-Adipogenic Effects in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050259. [PMID: 33946320 PMCID: PMC8146821 DOI: 10.3390/md19050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, generates tons of shrimp processing by-product every year. Shrimp contains omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and astaxanthin (Astx), a potent antioxidant that exists in either free or esterified form (Astx-E). In this study, shrimp oil (SO) was extracted from the shrimp processing by-product using the Soxhlet method (hexane:acetone 2:3). The extracted SO was rich in phospholipids, n-3 PUFA, and Astx-E. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated to mature adipocytes in the presence or absence of various treatments for 8 days. The effects of SO were then investigated on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of fish oil (FO), in combination with Astx-E, on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis were also investigated. The SO decreased fat accumulation, compared to untreated cells, which coincided with lower mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. However, FO and FO + Astx-E increased fat accumulation, along with increased mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut-4), compared to untreated cells. These findings have demonstrated that the SO is a rich source of n-3 PUFA and Astx-E, and has the potential to elicit anti-adipogenic effects. Moreover, the SO and FO appear to regulate adipogenesis and lipogenesis via independent pathways in 3T3-L1 cells.
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Atakan MM, Koşar ŞN, Güzel Y, Tin HT, Yan X. The Role of Exercise, Diet, and Cytokines in Preventing Obesity and Improving Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051459. [PMID: 33922998 PMCID: PMC8145589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide despite evidence-based public health recommendations. The promise to adopt a healthy lifestyle is increasingly important for tackling this global epidemic. Calorie restriction or regular exercise or a combination of the two is accepted as an effective strategy in preventing or treating obesity. Furthermore, the benefits conferred by regular exercise to overcome obesity are attributed not only to reduced adiposity or reduced levels of circulating lipids but also to the proteins, peptides, enzymes, and metabolites that are released from contracting skeletal muscle or other organs. The secretion of these molecules called cytokines in response to exercise induces browning of white adipose tissue by increasing the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes within the white adipose tissue, suggesting that exercise-induced cytokines may play a significant role in preventing obesity. In this review, we present research-based evidence supporting the effects of exercise and various diet interventions on preventing obesity and adipose tissue health. We also discuss the interplay between adipose tissue and the cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle and other organs that are known to affect adipose tissue and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Şükran Nazan Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yasemin Güzel
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Hiu Tung Tin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9919-4024; Fax: +61-3-9919-5615
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The Mystery of Red Blood Cells Extracellular Vesicles in Sleep Apnea with Metabolic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094301. [PMID: 33919065 PMCID: PMC8122484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is very important for overall health and quality of life, while sleep disorder has been associated with several human diseases, namely cardiovascular, metabolic, cognitive, and cancer-related alterations. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common respiratory sleep-disordered breathing, which is caused by the recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep. OSA has emerged as a major public health problem and increasing evidence suggests that untreated OSA can lead to the development of various diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, OSA may lead to decreased blood oxygenation and fragmentation of the sleep cycle. The formation of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) can emerge and react with nitric oxide (NO) to produce peroxynitrite, thereby diminishing the bioavailability of NO. Hypoxia, the hallmark of OSA, refers to a decline of tissue oxygen saturation and affects several types of cells, playing cell-to-cell communication a vital role in the outcome of this interplay. Red blood cells (RBCs) are considered transporters of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and these RBCs are important interorgan communication systems with additional functions, including participation in the control of systemic NO metabolism, redox regulation, blood rheology, and viscosity. RBCs have been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction and increase cardiac injury. The mechanistic links between changes of RBC functional properties and cardiovascular are largely unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by most cell types and released in biological fluids both under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs are involved in intercellular communication by transferring complex cargoes including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids from donor cells to recipient cells. Advancing our knowledge about mechanisms of RBC-EVs formation and their pathophysiological relevance may help to shed light on circulating EVs and to translate their application to clinical practice. We will focus on the potential use of RBC-EVs as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and state-specific cargoes, and possibilities as therapeutic vehicles for drug and gene delivery. The use of RBC-EVs as a precision medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of the patient with sleep disorder will improve the prognosis and the quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Crespo MC, López de Las Hazas MC, Visioli F, Dávalos A. Olive oil consumption and its repercussions on lipid metabolism. Nutr Rev 2021; 78:952-968. [PMID: 32299100 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of highly processed foods, such as those high in trans fats and free sugars, coupled with sedentarism and chronic stress increases the risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders, while adherence to a Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the prevalence of such diseases. Olive oil is the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. Data accumulated thus far show consumption of extra virgin, (poly)phenol-rich olive oil to be associated with specific health benefits. Of note, recommendations for consumption based on health claims refer to the phenolic content of extra virgin olive oil as beneficial. However, even though foods rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, such as olive oil, are healthier than foods rich in saturated and trans fats, their inordinate use can lead to adverse effects on health. The aim of this review was to summarize the data on olive oil consumption worldwide and to critically examine the literature on the potential adverse effects of olive oil and its main components, particularly any effects on lipid metabolism. As demonstrated by substantial evidence, extra virgin olive oil is healthful and should be preferentially used within the context of a balanced diet, but excessive consumption may lead to adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Regulates Adipose Tissue Metabolic Disorder in Obese Mice Induced by a Western Diet. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5580772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is the main component of flax lignans. Current studies have reported a positive effect of SDG on obesity and metabolic diseases. SDG has strong blood fat- and blood sugar-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects and prevents heart disease and other chronic diseases. In this study, we explored the effects of SDG on Western diet-induced obesity and lipid metabolic disorder. Supplementing Western diet-induced obese mice with 40 mg kg1 d1, SDG for 12 weeks significantly reduced body and tissue weights. Increased adiponectin levels and decreased serum leptin and resistin levels were observed in obese mice orally administered SDG. Proliferation of adipose tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and cell size was quantitatively analyzed. As a result, SDG inhibited the proliferation of adipose tissue. In addition, SDG suppressed the mRNA expression of lipid synthetic genes and upregulated the mRNA expression of lipolytic genes. Overall, these results indicate that SDG inhibits obesity induced by a Western diet and regulates adipose tissue metabolic disorder. These results provide a theoretical basis for further study on the regulation of obesity and lipid metabolic disorder caused by SDG.
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Araújo de Melo Campos JT, Dantas de Medeiros JL, Cardoso de Melo ME, Alvares da Silva M, Oliveira de Sena M, Sales Craveiro Sarmento A, Fassarella Agnez Lima L, de Freitas Fregonezi GA, Gomes Lima J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and muscle dysfunction in congenital lipodystrophies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166120. [PMID: 33713793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are a group of rare diseases related to the pathological impairment of adipose tissue and metabolic comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypoleptinemia, and hypoadiponectinemia. They can be categorized as partial or generalized according to the degree of fat loss, and inherited or acquired disorders, if they are associated with genetic mutations or are related to autoimmunity, respectively. Some types of lipodystrophies have been associated with changes in both redox and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis as well as muscle dysfunction (MD). Although ER stress (ERS) has been related to muscle dysfunction (MD) in many diseases, there is no data concerning its role in lipodystrophies' muscle physiopathology. Here we focused on congenital lipodystrophies associated with ERS and MD. We also described recent advances in our understanding of the relationships among ERS, MD, and genetic lipodystrophies, highlighting the adiponectin-protective roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julliane Tamara Araújo de Melo Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Luiz Dantas de Medeiros
- PneumoCardioVascular Lab/HUOL, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eduarda Cardoso de Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Monique Alvares da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matheus Oliveira de Sena
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aquiles Sales Craveiro Sarmento
- Unidade de Laboratório de Análises Clínicas e Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário de Lagarto (HUL)/UFS, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Augusto de Freitas Fregonezi
- PneumoCardioVascular Lab/HUOL, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Josivan Gomes Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL)/UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Tang Q, Liu Q, Yang X, Wu T, Huang C, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Huang H, Xia Y, Yan J, Li Y, He J. Sirtuin 6 supra-physiological overexpression in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons promotes obesity via the hypothalamus-adipose axis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21408. [PMID: 33583107 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a member of the Sirtuin family, has important roles in maintaining glucose and lipid metabolism. Our previous studies demonstrated that the deletion of Sirt6 in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing cells by the loxP-Cre system resulted in severe obesity and hepatic steatosis. However, whether overexpression of Sirt6 in hypothalamic POMC neurons could ameliorate diet-induced obesity is still unknown. Thus, we generated mice specifically overexpressing Sirt6 in hypothalamic POMC neurons (PSOE) by stereotaxic injection of Cre-dependent adeno-associated viruses into the arcuate nucleus of Pomc-Cre mice. PSOE mice showed increased adiposity and decreased energy expenditure. Furthermore, thermogenesis of BAT and lipolysis of WAT were both impaired, caused by reduced sympathetic nerve innervation and activity in adipose tissues. Mechanistically, Sirt6 overexpression decreasing STAT3 acetylation, thus lowering POMC expression in the hypothalamus underlined the observed phenotypes in PSOE mice. These results demonstrate that Sirt6 overexpression specifically in the hypothalamic POMC neurons exacerbates diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders via the hypothalamus-adipose axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuping Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Dou J, Puttabyatappa M, Padmanabhan V, Bakulski KM. Developmental programming: Adipose depot-specific transcriptional regulation by prenatal testosterone excess in a sheep model of PCOS. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 523:111137. [PMID: 33359827 PMCID: PMC7854529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T)-treated female sheep manifest adipose depot-specific disruptions in inflammatory/oxidative state, adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic adipocyte distribution. The objective of this study was to identify common and divergent gene pathways underlying prenatal T excess-induced adipose depot-specific disruptions. RNA sequencing and network analyses were undertaken with visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), epicardiac (ECAT) and perirenal (PRAT) adipose tissues from control and prenatal T-treated (100 mg T propionate twice a week from days 30-90 of gestation) female sheep at 21 months of age. Increased expression of adiposity and inflammation-related genes in VAT and genes that promote differentiation of white adipocytes in SAT were congruous with their metabolic roles with SAT favoring uptake/storage of free fatty acids and triglycerides and VAT favoring higher rate of fatty acid turnover and lipolysis. Selective upregulation of cardiac muscle and renoprotection genes in ECAT and PRAT respectively are suggestive of protective paracrine actions. Expression profile in prenatal T-treated sheep paralleled depot-specific dysfunctions with increased proinflammatory genes in VAT, reduced adipocyte differentiation genes in VAT and SAT and increased vascular related gene expression in PRAT. The high expression of genes involved in cardiomyocyte function in ECAT is suggestive of cardioprotective function being maintained to overcome the prenatal T-induced cardiac dysfunction and hypertension. These findings coupled with changes in gene pathways and networks involved in chromatin modification, extracellular matrix, immune and mitochondrial function, and endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport suggest that dysregulation in gene expression underlie prenatal T-treatment induced functional differences among adipose depots and manifestation of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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MacCannell ADV, Futers TS, Whitehead A, Moran A, Witte KK, Roberts LD. Sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1773-1781. [PMID: 34002038 PMCID: PMC8310795 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of obesity is growing globally. Adiposity increases the risk for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue distribution influences systemic metabolism and impacts metabolic disease risk. The link between sexual dimorphisms of adiposity and metabolism is poorly defined. We hypothesise that depot-specific adipose tissue mitochondrial function contributes to the sexual dimorphism of metabolic flexibility in obesity. METHODS Male and female mice fed high fat diet (HFD) or standard diet (STD) from 8-18 weeks of age underwent whole animal calorimetry and high-resolution mitochondrial respirometry analysis on adipose tissue depots. To determine translatability we used RT-qPCR to examine key brown adipocyte-associated gene expression: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator 1α, Uncoupling protein 1 and cell death inducing DFFA like effector a in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) of 18-week-old mice and sWAT from human volunteers. RESULTS Male mice exhibited greater weight gain compared to female mice when challenged with HFD. Relative to increased body mass, the adipose to body weight ratio for BAT and sWAT depots was increased in HFD-fed males compared to female HFD-fed mice. Oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio and food consumption did not differ between males and females fed HFD. BAT mitochondria from obese females showed increased Complex I & II respiration and maximal respiration compared to lean females whereas obese males did not exhibit adaptive mitochondrial BAT respiration. Sexual dimorphism in BAT-associated gene expression in sWAT was also associated with Body Mass Index in humans. CONCLUSIONS We show that sexual dimorphism of weight gain is reflected in mitochondrial respiration analysis. Female mice have increased metabolic flexibility to adapt to changes in energy intake by regulating energy expenditure through increased complex II and maximal mitochondrial respiration within BAT when HFD challenged and increased proton leak in sWAT mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D. V. MacCannell
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
| | - T. Simon Futers
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
| | - Anna Whitehead
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
| | - Amy Moran
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
| | - Klaus K. Witte
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
| | - Lee D. Roberts
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT UK
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Bovolini A, Garcia J, Andrade MA, Duarte JA. Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology and Predisposing Factors. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:199-214. [PMID: 33075830 DOI: 10.1055/a-1263-0898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors with high prevalence among adult populations and elevated costs for public health systems worldwide. Despite the lack of consensus regarding the syndrome definition and diagnosis criteria, it is characterized by the coexistence of risk factors such as abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, a prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory state, insulin resistance (IR), and higher glucose levels, factors indubitably linked to an increased risk of developing chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The syndrome has a complex and multifaceted origin not fully understood; however, it has been strongly suggested that sedentarism and unbalanced dietary patterns might play a fundamental role in its development. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview from the syndrome epidemiology, costs, and main etiological traits from its relationship with unhealthy diet patterns and sedentary lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Garcia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real
| | | | - José Alberto Duarte
- CIAFEL Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto.,University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317 4585-116 Gandra Paredes, Portugal
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44
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Maheshwari G, Gessner DK, Meyer S, Ahlborn J, Wen G, Ringseis R, Zorn H, Eder K. Characterization of the Nutritional Composition of a Biotechnologically Produced Oyster Mushroom and its Physiological Effects in Obese Zucker Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000591. [PMID: 32997875 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Sustainable protein sources are needed to meet the increasing protein demands of a continuously growing world population. This study is focused on the biotechnological production of a protein rich oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju; PSC) by valorization of an agricultural side stream and the evaluation of the physiological effects of PSC in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS PSC is produced via submerged cultivation in a 150 L bioreactor that utilizes isomaltulose molasses as its sole carbon source, and is further analyzed for its nutritional composition. A feeding trial is performed using Zucker rats which are fed a 5% PSC supplemented diet, for 4 weeks. Biochemical analyses reveal a significant reduction of the liver lipid concentrations and liver inflammation in the PSC fed obese rats in comparison to the obese rats from the control group. Hepatic qPCR analyses, differential transcript profiling, and enzyme activity measurements reveal a number of altered pathways that may be responsible for these anti-steatotic and anti-inflammatory effects of the mushroom. CONCLUSION Bioconversion of a low quality agricultural side stream to an improved protein source is performed by submerged cultured PSC, and the obtained mycelium shows strong anti-steatotic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Maheshwari
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandra Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jenny Ahlborn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gaiping Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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45
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Sex differences in human adipose tissue gene expression and genetic regulation involve adipogenesis. Genome Res 2020; 30:1379-1392. [PMID: 32967914 PMCID: PMC7605264 DOI: 10.1101/gr.264614.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in adipose tissue distribution and function are associated with sex differences in cardiometabolic disease. While many studies have revealed sex differences in adipocyte cell signaling and physiology, there is a relative dearth of information regarding sex differences in transcript abundance and regulation. We investigated sex differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptional regulation using omic-scale data from ∼3000 geographically and ethnically diverse human samples. We identified 162 genes with robust sex differences in expression. Differentially expressed genes were implicated in oxidative phosphorylation and adipogenesis. We further determined that sex differences in gene expression levels could be related to sex differences in the genetics of gene expression regulation. Our analyses revealed sex-specific genetic associations, and this finding was replicated in a study of 98 inbred mouse strains. The genes under genetic regulation in human and mouse were enriched for oxidative phosphorylation and adipogenesis. Enrichment analysis showed that the associated genetic loci resided within binding motifs for adipogenic transcription factors (e.g., PPARG and EGR1). We demonstrated that sex differences in gene expression could be influenced by sex differences in genetic regulation for six genes (e.g., FADS1 and MAP1B). These genes exhibited dynamic expression patterns during adipogenesis and robust expression in mature human adipocytes. Our results support a role for adipogenesis-related genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue sex differences in the genetic and environmental regulation of gene expression.
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46
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Does adipose tissue inflammation drive the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity? Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:394-402. [PMID: 32044284 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, an increasingly common problem in modern societies, is associated with acquired metabolic disturbances. In this perspective, the development of insulin resistance is now recognized to be initiated by inflammation of the adipose tissue, but the events that lead to this inflammation are still vague. Furthermore, visceral adipose tissue plays a significant role in obesity pathophysiology and in its clinical effects, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among the possible mechanisms linking NAFLD and obesity, we focused on Visfatin/NAMPT, mostly produced by macrophages infiltrated in adipose tissue and a biomarker of the inflammatory cascade affecting hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. We also addressed the signalling pathway triggered by the binding of VEGF-B to its receptor, which mediates lipid fluxes throughout the body, being a promising target to prevent ectopic lipid accumulation. We reviewed the available literature on the topic and we suggest a crosstalk between adipose tissue inflammation and NAFLD in order to provide new insights about the putative mechanisms involved in the development of NAFLD in the obesity context. A better understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying NAFLD will allow the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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47
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Yoo S, Sung MW, Kim H. CT-defined visceral adipose tissue thresholds for identifying metabolic complications: a cross-sectional study in the United Arab Emirates. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e031181. [PMID: 32788183 PMCID: PMC7422653 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is closely related to obesity complications. We aimed to determine the optimal sex-specific and age-specific VAT thresholds for predicting metabolic complications among individuals living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING We reviewed medical records of adults who visited a hospital in the UAE. PARTICIPANTS A total of 369 subjects were included in the final analysis after application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MES). RESULTS MES measures excluding waist circumference were present in 73.4% of women and 78.5% of men. VAT areas adjusted for age were significantly greater in the MES group compared with the non-MES group regardless of sex (p<0.05 for all relations); however, subcutaneous adipose tissue areas adjusted for age were not significantly different. Areas under the curve used to predict MES were statistically significant for VAT and visceral to subcutaneous fat ratios among both men and women. Identified cut-off values of VAT to predict MES were 132.0 cm2 in both sexes for individuals under the age of 50 years. For those over 50 years of age, VAT thresholds were greater in women compared with men (173 cm2 vs 124.3 cm2, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Optimal VAT cut-offs to predict MES were 132 cm2 for individuals under 50 years old living in the UAE. These measures are potential target visceral fat values that could be used to reduce obesity-related morbidity in populations with pre-existing metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, The Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Whun Sung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
- Department of ENT, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hongdae Kim
- Department of Imaging and Laboratory, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, The Republic of Korea
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48
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Onogi Y, Khalil AEMM, Ussar S. Identification and characterization of adipose surface epitopes. Biochem J 2020; 477:2509-2541. [PMID: 32648930 PMCID: PMC7360119 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central regulator of metabolism and an important pharmacological target to treat the metabolic consequences of obesity, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Among the various cellular compartments, the adipocyte cell surface is especially appealing as a drug target as it contains various proteins that when activated or inhibited promote adipocyte health, change its endocrine function and eventually maintain or restore whole-body insulin sensitivity. In addition, cell surface proteins are readily accessible by various drug classes. However, targeting individual cell surface proteins in adipocytes has been difficult due to important functions of these proteins outside adipose tissue, raising various safety concerns. Thus, one of the biggest challenges is the lack of adipose selective surface proteins and/or targeting reagents. Here, we discuss several receptor families with an important function in adipogenesis and mature adipocytes to highlight the complexity at the cell surface and illustrate the problems with identifying adipose selective proteins. We then discuss that, while no unique adipocyte surface protein might exist, how splicing, posttranslational modifications as well as protein/protein interactions can create enormous diversity at the cell surface that vastly expands the space of potentially unique epitopes and how these selective epitopes can be identified and targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elagamy Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Tutunchi H, Ostadrahimi A, Saghafi-Asl M. The Effects of Diets Enriched in Monounsaturated Oleic Acid on the Management and Prevention of Obesity: a Systematic Review of Human Intervention Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:864-877. [PMID: 32135008 PMCID: PMC7360458 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several major noncommunicable diseases, and is an important public health concern globally. Dietary fat content is a major contributor to the increase in global obesity rates. Changes in dietary habits, such as the quality of fatty acids in the diet, are proposed to prevent obesity and its metabolic complications. In recent years, a number of studies have found that oleic acid (OA), the most common MUFA in daily nutrition, has protective effects against human disease. Importantly, there is emerging evidence indicating the beneficial effects of OA in regulating body weight. Accordingly, the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of diets enriched in monounsaturated OA on the management and prevention of obesity, emphasizing possible mechanisms of action of OA in energy homeostasis. Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases for clinical trials that examined the effects of diets rich in OA on obesity. Of 821 full-text articles assessed, 28 clinical trials were included in the present study. According to the studies examined in this review, diets enriched in OA can influence fat balance, body weight, and possibly energy expenditure. Importantly, abdominal fat and central obesity can be reduced following consumption of high-OA-containing meals. Mechanistically, OA-rich diets can be involved in the regulation of food intake, body mass, and energy expenditure by stimulating AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. Other proposed mechanisms include the prevention of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3/caspase-1 inflammasome pathway, the induction of oleoylethanolamide synthesis, and possibly the downregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 activity. In summary, current findings lend support to advice not restricting consumption of OA-rich meals so as to maintain a healthy body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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50
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Ojwang AA, Smuts CM, Zec M, Wentzel-Viljoen E, Kruger IM, Kruger HS. Comparison of dietary and plasma phospholipid fatty acids between normal weight and overweight black South Africans according to metabolic health: The PURE study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 158:102039. [PMID: 31780327 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information regarding circulating fatty acids (FA) in association with metabolic health in black Africans is scarce, while the usefulness of circulating FAs as biomarkers of dietary fat intake and predictors for medical conditions is increasing. OBJECTIVE We compared eleven dietary and the levels of 26 plasma phospholipid FAs in metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes in black South African adults. METHODS Adults from the South African arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study baseline (n = 711) were categorised into four groups, namely normal weight without metabolic syndrome (MetS) (MHNW), normal weight with MetS (MUNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO). Dietary and plasma phospholipid FAs were measured by a quantitative food frequency questionnaire and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. We compared dietary FAs, plasma phospholipid FAs, and estimated desaturase activity between the metabolic status groups using ANCOVA adjusted for age and energy intake. RESULTS MetS was diagnosed in 35% of the participants. After adjustment for age and total energy intake, in comparison to the MHNW reference group, saturated dietary FAs (C14:0 to C18:0) and alpha-linolenic acid intakes were higher in both overweight/obese groups (MHO and MUO), while linoleic acid intakes were higher in the MUO group only. Plasma levels of most saturated FAs (C18:0 to C22:0) and PUFAs were higher, whereas selected MUFAs, palmitic acid, and estimated desaturase activities were lower in the overweight/obese groups. CONCLUSIONS The overweight groups generally had higher fat intakes than normal-weight groups, but lower plasma levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, cis-vaccenic and estimated desaturase activities. Therefore, in this population, lower plasma levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and cis-vaccenic acids and decreased estimated desaturase activities may be biomarkers of abnormal metabolic health in overweight/obese study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ojwang
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa; Technical University of Kenya, Kenya.
| | - C M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - M Zec
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa; Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - E Wentzel-Viljoen
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - I M Kruger
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - H S Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa; Medical Research Council Extra Mural Unit: Hypertension and CVD, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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