1
|
Lv W, Jiang X, Li P, Xie D, Wang D, Stanley D, Zhang L. Interactions between migration and immunity among oriental armyworm populations infected with the insect pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39119843 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration and immunity are behavioral and physiological traits that protect organisms from environmental stressors or pathogen infection. Shifting from migration to residency has become more common in some wildlife populations owing to environmental changes. However, other biological shifts, such as interactions between migration and immunity among populations within a species are largely unexplored for many agricultural migratory pests. In the field, entomopathogenic fungi infection and transmission, particularly Beauveria bassiana, can cause reduced fitness and population declines across a broad range of insect species. RESULTS Here, we investigated migration-immunity interactions between migrant and resident populations of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, infected with B. bassiana (the sole fungus used in this work). We found that migratory M. separata exerted stronger pathogen resistance, faster development and lower pupal weight than residents. High-dose infections (5.0 × 105 and 5.0 × 106 conidia mL-1) led to seriously decreased reproductive capacity in migrants and residents. Low-dose infections (1.0 × 104 and 5.0 × 104 conidia mL-1) led to significantly increased host flight capacities. Consecutive flight tests showed that five flight nights inhibited the reproduction of paternal infected M. separata populations. The flights also led to far-reaching transgenerational impairment of larval development and immune defense among offspring populations. By contrast, two flight nights enhanced the reproductive capacities of both M. separata populations and did not exert negative transgenerational effects on offspring populations, which may facilitate migration. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into interactions between migration and immunity among M. separata populations. These insights will guide development of future monitoring and management technologies of this pest. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Xingfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dianjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengjie Wang
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, China
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suchan T, Bataille CP, Reich MS, Toro-Delgado E, Vila R, Pierce NE, Talavera G. A trans-oceanic flight of over 4,200 km by painted lady butterflies. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5205. [PMID: 38918383 PMCID: PMC11199637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The extent of aerial flows of insects circulating around the planet and their impact on ecosystems and biogeography remain enigmatic because of methodological challenges. Here we report a transatlantic crossing by Vanessa cardui butterflies spanning at least 4200 km, from West Africa to South America (French Guiana) and lasting between 5 and 8 days. Even more, we infer a likely natal origin for these individuals in Western Europe, and the journey Europe-Africa-South America could expand to 7000 km or more. This discovery was possible through an integrative approach, including coastal field surveys, wind trajectory modelling, genomics, pollen metabarcoding, ecological niche modelling, and multi-isotope geolocation of natal origins. The overall journey, which was energetically feasible only if assisted by winds, is among the longest documented for individual insects, and potentially the first verified transatlantic crossing. Our findings suggest that we may be underestimating transoceanic dispersal in insects and highlight the importance of aerial highways connecting continents by trade winds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Suchan
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Clément P Bataille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Megan S Reich
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Eric Toro-Delgado
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, 08038, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, 08038, Catalonia, Spain.
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao B, Hu G, Chapman JW. Effects of nocturnal celestial illumination on high-flying migrant insects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230115. [PMID: 38705175 PMCID: PMC11070249 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Radar networks hold great promise for monitoring population trends of migrating insects. However, it is important to elucidate the nature of responses to environmental cues. We use data from a mini-network of vertical-looking entomological radars in the southern UK to investigate changes in nightly abundance, flight altitude and behaviour of insect migrants, in relation to meteorological and celestial conditions. Abundance of migrants showed positive relationships with air temperature, indicating that this is the single most important variable influencing the decision to initiate migration. In addition, there was a small but significant effect of moonlight illumination, with more insects migrating on full moon nights. While the effect of nocturnal illumination levels on abundance was relatively minor, there was a stronger effect on the insects' ability to orientate close to downwind: flight headings were more tightly clustered on nights when the moon was bright and when cloud cover was sparse. This indicates that nocturnal illumination is important for the navigational mechanisms used by nocturnal insect migrants. Further, our results clearly show that environmental conditions such as air temperature and light levels must be considered if long-term radar datasets are to be used to assess changing population trends of migrants. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boya Gao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Gao Hu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Jason W. Chapman
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bauer S, Tielens EK, Haest B. Monitoring aerial insect biodiversity: a radar perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230113. [PMID: 38705181 PMCID: PMC11070259 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current biodiversity crisis, populations of many species have alarmingly declined, and insects are no exception to this general trend. Biodiversity monitoring has become an essential asset to detect biodiversity change but remains patchy and challenging for organisms that are small, inconspicuous or make (nocturnal) long-distance movements. Radars are powerful remote-sensing tools that can provide detailed information on intensity, timing, altitude and spatial scale of aerial movements and might therefore be particularly suited for monitoring aerial insects and their movements. Importantly, they can contribute to several essential biodiversity variables (EBVs) within a harmonized observation system. We review existing research using small-scale biological and weather surveillance radars for insect monitoring and outline how the derived measures and quantities can contribute to the EBVs 'species population', 'species traits', 'community composition' and 'ecosystem function'. Furthermore, we synthesize how ongoing and future methodological, analytical and technological advancements will greatly expand the use of radar for insect biodiversity monitoring and beyond. Owing to their long-term and regional-to-large-scale deployment, radar-based approaches can be a powerful asset in the biodiversity monitoring toolbox whose potential has yet to be fully tapped. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Bauer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, LU 6204, Switzerland
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental System Science, Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elske K. Tielens
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-0390, USA
| | - Birgen Haest
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, LU 6204, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sappington TW. Aseasonal, undirected migration in insects: 'Invisible' but common. iScience 2024; 27:110040. [PMID: 38883831 PMCID: PMC11177203 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Many insect pests are long-distance migrants, moving from lower latitudes where they overwinter to higher latitudes in spring to exploit superabundant, but seasonally ephemeral, host crops. These seasonal long-distance migration events are relatively easy to recognize, and justifiably garner much research attention. Evidence indicates several pest species that overwinter in diapause, and thus inhabit a year-round range, also engage in migratory flight, which is somewhat "invisible" because displacement is nondirectional and terminates among conspecifics. Support for aseasonal, undirected migration is related to recognizing true migratory flight behavior, which differs fundamentally from most other kinds of flight in that it is nonappetitive. Migrating adults are not searching for resources and migratory flight is not arrested by encounters with potential resources. The population-level consequence of aseasonal, undirected migration is spatial mixing of individuals within the larger metapopulation, which has important implications for population dynamics, gene flow, pest management, and insect resistance management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Sappington
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gorki JL, López-Mañas R, Sáez L, Menchetti M, Shapoval N, Andersen A, Benyamini D, Daniels S, García-Berro A, Reich MS, Scalercio S, Toro-Delgado E, Bataille CP, Domingo-Marimon C, Vila R, Suchan T, Talavera G. Pollen metabarcoding reveals the origin and multigenerational migratory pathway of an intercontinental-scale butterfly outbreak. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2684-2692.e6. [PMID: 38848713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Migratory insects may move in large numbers, even surpassing migratory vertebrates in biomass. Long-distance migratory insects complete annual cycles through multiple generations, with each generation's reproductive success linked to the resources available at different breeding grounds. Climatic anomalies in these grounds are presumed to trigger rapid population outbreaks. Here, we infer the origin and track the multigenerational path of a remarkable outbreak of painted lady (Vanessa cardui) butterflies that took place at an intercontinental scale in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa from March 2019 to November 2019. Using metabarcoding, we identified pollen transported by 264 butterflies captured in 10 countries over 7 months and modeled the distribution of the 398 plants detected. The analysis showed that swarms collected in Eastern Europe in early spring originated in Arabia and the Middle East, coinciding with a positive anomaly in vegetation growth in the region from November 2018 to April 2019. From there, the swarms advanced to Northern Europe during late spring, followed by an early reversal toward southwestern Europe in summer. The pollen-based evidence matched spatiotemporal abundance peaks revealed by citizen science, which also suggested an echo effect of the outbreak in West Africa during September-November. Our results show that population outbreaks in a part of species' migratory ranges may disseminate demographic effects across multiple generations in a wide geographic area. This study represents an unprecedented effort to track a continuous multigenerational insect migration on an intercontinental scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Luise Gorki
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona 08038 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roger López-Mañas
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona 08038 Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia (BABVE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Llorenç Sáez
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia (BABVE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB)-Associated Unit to CSIC (IBB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mattia Menchetti
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), 08003 Barcelona Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nazar Shapoval
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anne Andersen
- Entomological Society of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dubi Benyamini
- The Israeli Lepidopterist Society, Beit Arye 7194700, Israel
| | | | - Aurora García-Berro
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona 08038 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Megan S Reich
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stefano Scalercio
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca Foreste e Legno, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Eric Toro-Delgado
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona 08038 Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), 08003 Barcelona Catalonia, Spain
| | - Clément P Bataille
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Cristina Domingo-Marimon
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Grumets Research Group, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), 08003 Barcelona Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tomasz Suchan
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona 08038 Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hawkes WL, Doyle T, Massy R, Weston ST, Davies K, Cornelius E, Collier C, Chapman JW, Reynolds DR, Wotton KR. The most remarkable migrants-systematic analysis of the Western European insect flyway at a Pyrenean mountain pass. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232831. [PMID: 38864145 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In autumn 1950 David and Elizabeth Lack chanced upon a huge migration of insects and birds flying through the Pyrenean Pass of Bujaruelo, from France into Spain, later describing the spectacle as combining both grandeur and novelty. The intervening years have seen many changes to land use and climate, posing the question as to the current status of this migratory phenomenon. In addition, a lack of quantitative data has prevented insights into the ecological impact of this mass insect migration and the factors that may influence it. To address this, we revisited the site in autumn over a 4 year period and systematically monitored abundance and species composition of diurnal insect migrants. We estimate an annual mean of 17.1 million day-flying insect migrants from five orders (Diptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Odonata) moving south, with observations of southward 'mass migration' events associated with warmer temperatures, the presence of a headwind, sunlight, low windspeed and low rainfall. Diptera dominated the migratory assemblage, and annual numbers varied by more than fourfold. Numbers at this single site hint at the likely billions of insects crossing the entire Pyrenean mountain range each year, and we highlight the importance of this route for seasonal insect migrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Will L Hawkes
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, Sempach, 6204, Switzerland
| | - Toby Doyle
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Richard Massy
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Scarlett T Weston
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Kelsey Davies
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Elliott Cornelius
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Connor Collier
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Jason W Chapman
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Don R Reynolds
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent SE10 9LS, UK
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Karl R Wotton
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nartey R, Chamorro L, Buffington M, Afrane YA, Mohammed AR, Owusu-Asenso CM, Akosah-Brempong G, Pambit Zong CMA, Hendrix SV, Dao A, Yaro AS, Diallo M, Sanogo ZL, Djibril S, Halbert SE, Bamou R, Nance CE, Bartlett CR, Reynolds DR, Chapman JW, Obiri-Danso K, Lehmann T. Invasion and spread of the neotropical leafhopper Curtara insularis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Africa and North America and the role of high-altitude windborne migration in invasive insects. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595796. [PMID: 38854158 PMCID: PMC11160610 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Invasive insects threaten ecosystem stability, public health, and food security. Documenting newly invasive species and understanding how they reach into new territories, establish populations, and interact with other species remain vitally important. Here, we report on the invasion of the South American leafhopper, Curtara insularis into Africa, where it has established populations in Ghana, encroaching inland at least 350 km off the coast. Importantly, 80% of the specimens collected were intercepted between 160 and 190 m above ground. Further, the fraction of this species among all insects collected was also higher at altitude, demonstrating its propensity to engage in high-altitude windborne dispersal. Its aerial densities at altitude translate into millions of migrants/km over a year, representing massive propagule pressure. Given the predominant south-westerly winds, these sightings suggest an introduction of C. insularis into at least one of the Gulf of Guinea ports. To assess the contribution of windborne dispersal to its spread in a new territory, we examine records of C. insularis range-expansion in the USA. Reported first in 2004 from central Florida, it reached north Florida (Panhandle) by 2008-2011 and subsequently spread across the southeastern and south-central US. Its expansion fits a "diffusion-like" process with 200-300 km long "annual displacement steps"-a pattern consistent with autonomous dispersal rather than vehicular transport. Most "steps" are consistent with common wind trajectories from the nearest documented population, assuming 2-8 hours of wind-assisted flight at altitude. Curtara insularis has been intercepted at US ports and on trucks. Thus, it uses multiple dispersal modalities, yet its rapid overland spread is better explained by its massive propagule pressure linked with its high-altitude windborne dispersal. We propose that high-altitude windborne dispersal is common yet under-appreciated in invasive insect species.
Collapse
|
9
|
Song Y, Cang X, He W, Zhang H, Wu K. Migration Activity of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) between China and the South-Southeast Asian Region. INSECTS 2024; 15:335. [PMID: 38786891 PMCID: PMC11121980 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.), feeds on a wide variety of food and cash crops and is one of the most widespread and destructive agricultural pests worldwide. Migration is the biological basis of its regional population outbreaks but the seasonal movement of this pest between east and south Asia regions remains unknown. In this study, searchlight traps were used to monitor the seasonal migration of S. litura from 2019 to 2023 in Ruili City (Yunnan, China), located along the insect migratory route between China and the south Asia region. The results showed that migratory activity could occur throughout the year, with the main periods found in spring (April-May) and autumn (October-December). The ovarian development and mating status of the trapped females indicated that most individuals were in the middle or late stages of migration and that Ruili City was located in the transit area of the long-distance migration of the pest. In the migration trajectory simulation, populations of S. litura moved from northeast India, Bangladesh, and northern Myanmar to southwestern China along the southern margin of the Himalayas in spring and returned to the south Asia region in autumn. Our findings clarify the seasonal migration patterns of S. litura in China and South Asia and facilitate the development of regional cross-border monitoring and management systems for this pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Song
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (H.Z.)
| | - Xinzhu Cang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (H.Z.)
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (H.Z.)
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Ma H, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Wu K. Abundance and Seasonal Migration Patterns of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) across the Bohai Strait in Eastern Asia. INSECTS 2024; 15:321. [PMID: 38786877 PMCID: PMC11121799 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Many insects, including green lacewings, migrate seasonally to exploit suitable breeding and winter habitats. Green lacewings are important natural enemies of insect pests worldwide. Here, four dominant green lacewing species, Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto), Chrysopa pallens (Rambur), Chrysoperla furcifera (Okamoto), and Chrysopa formosa Brauer, were investigated for their ability to migrate between northern and northeastern China across the Bohai Strait from late May to late October each year. Furthermore, there were significant interannual and seasonal differences in the number of migratory green lacewings collected. The number of green lacewings in spring was significantly lower than that in summer and autumn, and the highest average number of green lacewings occurred in June. In addition, there were differences in the sex ratio of migrating green lacewings between months, with a greater proportion of females than males. Finally, the seasonal migration trajectories simulated by the HYSPLIT model revealed that the green lacewings captured on Beihuang Island primarily originated from Shandong Province. Accordingly, these findings contribute to our understanding of green lacewing migration in eastern Asia and aid its incorporation within integrated pest management (IPM) packages for several crop pests. Furthermore, long-term tracking of migrant insect populations can reveal ecosystem services and trophic dynamic processes at the macroscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.W.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Haotian Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.W.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.W.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ying Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.W.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang J, Feng H, Drake VA, Reynolds DR, Gao B, Chen F, Zhang G, Zhu J, Gao Y, Zhai B, Li G, Tian C, Huang B, Hu G, Chapman JW. Massive seasonal high-altitude migrations of nocturnal insects above the agricultural plains of East China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317646121. [PMID: 38648486 PMCID: PMC11067063 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317646121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-distance migrations of insects contribute to ecosystem functioning but also have important economic impacts when the migrants are pests or provide ecosystem services. We combined radar monitoring, aerial sampling, and searchlight trapping, to quantify the annual pattern of nocturnal insect migration above the densely populated agricultural lands of East China. A total of ~9.3 trillion nocturnal insect migrants (15,000 t of biomass), predominantly Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Diptera, including many crop pests and disease vectors, fly at heights up to 1 km above this 600 km-wide region every year. Larger migrants (>10 mg) exhibited seasonal reversal of movement directions, comprising northward expansion during spring and summer, followed by southward movements during fall. This north-south transfer was not balanced, however, with southward movement in fall 0.66× that of northward movement in spring and summer. Spring and summer migrations were strongest when the wind had a northward component, while in fall, stronger movements occurred on winds that allowed movement with a southward component; heading directions of larger insects were generally close to the track direction. These findings indicate adaptations leading to movement in seasonally favorable directions. We compare our results from China with similar studies in Europe and North America and conclude that ecological patterns and behavioral adaptations are similar across the Northern Hemisphere. The predominance of pests among these nocturnal migrants has severe implications for food security and grower prosperity throughout this heavily populated region, and knowledge of their migrations is potentially valuable for forecasting pest impacts and planning timely management actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory for Integrated Crop Pests Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, and Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, CornwallTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Hongqiang Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory for Integrated Crop Pests Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - V. Alistair Drake
- School of Science, UNSW Canberra, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT2610, Australia
- Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT2617, Australia
| | - Don R. Reynolds
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, KentME4 4 TB, United Kingdom
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, HertsAL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Boya Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Guoyan Zhang
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - Junsheng Zhu
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, Shandong250100, China
| | - Yuebo Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin136100, China
| | - Baoping Zhai
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory for Integrated Crop Pests Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - Caihong Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory for Integrated Crop Pests Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory for Integrated Crop Pests Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - Gao Hu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Jason W. Chapman
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, and Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, CornwallTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu QL, Zhuo JC, Fang GQ, Lu JB, Ye YX, Li DT, Lou YH, Zhang XY, Chen X, Wang SL, Wang ZC, Zhang YX, Mazlan N, OO SS, Thet T, Sharma PN, Jauharlina J, Sukorini IH, Ibisate MT, Rahman SM, Ansari NA, Chen AD, Zhu ZR, Heong KL, Lu G, Huang HJ, Li JM, Chen JP, Zhan S, Zhang CX. The genomic history and global migration of a windborne pest. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3852. [PMID: 38657063 PMCID: PMC11042747 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Many insect pests, including the brown planthopper (BPH), undergo windborne migration that is challenging to observe and track. It remains controversial about their migration patterns and largely unknown regarding the underlying genetic basis. By analyzing 360 whole genomes from around the globe, we clarify the genetic sources of worldwide BPHs and illuminate a landscape of BPH migration showing that East Asian populations perform closed-circuit journeys between Indochina and the Far East, while populations of Malay Archipelago and South Asia undergo one-way migration to Indochina. We further find round-trip migration accelerates population differentiation, with highly diverged regions enriching in a gene desert chromosome that is simultaneously the speciation hotspot between BPH and related species. This study not only shows the power of applying genomic approaches to demystify the migration in windborne migrants but also enhances our understanding of how seasonal movements affect speciation and evolution in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ling Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ji-Chong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Gang-Qi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Bao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Ye
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan-Ting Li
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Han Lou
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Zhang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Si-Liang Wang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhe-Chao Wang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Norida Mazlan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, and Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - San San OO
- Taungoo University, Taungoo 05063, Myanmar
| | - Thet Thet
- Taungoo University, Taungoo 05063, Myanmar
| | - Prem Nidhi Sharma
- Entomology Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Jauharlina Jauharlina
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ir Henik Sukorini
- Agrotechnology Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Michael T. Ibisate
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Aklan State University, Banga, Aklan 5601, Philippines
| | - S.M. Mizanur Rahman
- Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Naved Ahmad Ansari
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P. 202002, India
| | - Ai-Dong Chen
- Agriculture Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Kong Luen Heong
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma HT, Zhou LH, Tan H, Xiu XZ, Wang JY, Wang XY. Population dynamics and seasonal migration patterns of Spodoptera exigua in northern China based on 11 years of monitoring data. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17223. [PMID: 38618573 PMCID: PMC11015832 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), is an important agricultural pest worldwide that has caused serious economic losses in the main crop-producing areas of China. To effectively monitor and control this pest, it is crucial to investigate its population dynamics and seasonal migration patterns in northern China. Methods In this study, we monitored the population dynamics of S. exigua using sex pheromone traps in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2022, combining these data with amigration trajectory simulation approach and synoptic weather analysis. Results There were significant interannual and seasonal variations in the capture number of S. exigua, and the total number of S. exigua exceeded 2,000 individuals in 2018 and 2020. The highest and lowest numbers of S. exigua were trapped in September and May, accounting for 34.65% ± 6.81% and 0.11% ± 0.04% of the annual totals, respectively. The average occurrence period was 140.9 ± 9.34 days during 2012-2022. In addition, the biomass of S. exigua also increased significantly during these years. The simulated seasonal migration trajectories also revealed varying source regions in different months, primarily originated from Northeast China and East China. These unique insights into the migration patterns of S. exigua will contribute to a deeper understanding of its occurrence in northern China and provide a theoretical basis for regional monitoring, early warning, and the development of effective management strategies for long-range migratory pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tian Ma
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Hong Zhou
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Flower, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Tan
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Xiu
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin-Yang Wang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xing-Ya Wang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang F, Wang P, Zheng M, Hou XY, Zhou LL, Wang Y, Si SY, Wang XP, Chapman JW, Wang YM, Hu G. Physiological and behavioral basis of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella migration and its association with heat stress. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1751-1760. [PMID: 38009258 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration is a strategy that shifts insects to more favorable habitats in response to deteriorating local environmental conditions. The ecological factors that govern insect migration are poorly understood for many species. Plutella xylostella causes great losses in Brassica vegetable and oilseed crops, and undergoes mass migration. However, the physiological and behavioral basis for distinguishing migratory individuals and the factors driving its migration remain unclear. RESULTS Daily light trap catches conducted from April to July in a field population of P. xylostella in central China revealed a sharp decline in abundance from late-May. Analysis of ovarian development levels showed that the proportion of sexually immature females gradually increased, while the mating rate decreased, indicating that generations occurring in May mainly resulted from local breeding and that emigration began in late-May. Physiological and behavioral analyses revealed that emigrant populations had a higher take-off proportion, stronger flight capacity and greater energy reserves of triglyceride compared to residents. Furthermore, a gradual increase in temperature from 24 °C to >30 °C during larval development resulted in a significant delay in oogenesis and increased take-off propensity of adults compared with the control treatment reared at a constant temperature of 24 °C. CONCLUSION Our results provide the physiological and behavioral factors that underpin mass migration in P. xylostella, and demonstrate that exposure to increased temperature increases their migration propensity at the cost of reproductive output. This study sheds light on understanding the factors that influence population dynamics, migratory propensity and reproductive tradeoffs in migratory insects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hou
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Li-Lin Zhou
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Yun Si
- Institute of Vegetables, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jason W Chapman
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Center for Ecology and Conservation, and Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter - Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Gao Hu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Green DA, Polidori S, Stratton SM. Modular switches shift monarch butterfly migratory flight behavior at their Mexican overwintering sites. iScience 2024; 27:109063. [PMID: 38420583 PMCID: PMC10901092 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Eastern North American migratory monarch butterflies exhibit migratory behavioral states in fall and spring characterized by sun-dependent oriented flight. However, it is unclear how monarchs transition between these behavioral states at their overwintering site. Using a modified Mouritsen-Frost flight simulator, we confirm individual directionality and compass-based orientation (leading to group orientation) in fall migrants, and also uncover sustained flight propensity and direction-based flight reinforcement as distinctly migratory behavioral traits. By testing monarchs at their Mexican overwintering sites, we show that overwintering monarchs show reduced propensity for sustained flight and lose individual directionality, leading to the loss of group-level orientation. Overwintering fliers orient axially in a time-of-day dependent manner, which may indicate local versus long-distance directional heading. These results support a model of migratory flight behavior in which modular, state-dependent switches for flight propensity and orientation control are highly dynamic and are controlled in season- and location-dependent manners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delbert A. Green
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan—Ann Arbor, 1105 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean Polidori
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan—Ann Arbor, 1105 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samuel M. Stratton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan—Ann Arbor, 1105 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang H, Feng Y, Zhu P, Li D, Hu G. Rainfall during the night can trigger non-migratory take-off behavior of the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38414302 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Take-off behavior is crucial to the overall success of insect migration. Although most high-altitude migratory flights commence with mass take-offs around dusk and dawn, little is known about nighttime take-off behavior. The take-off behavior of migratory Sogatella furcifera was investigated in field cages from 2017 to 2019. The species showed a bimodal take-off pattern at dusk and dawn on rainless nights, with mass flight at dusk more intense than dawn flight. However, a higher frequency of take-offs during the nighttime was observed on rainy nights, resulting in the absence of dawn take-offs. Most migratory take-off individuals at dusk and dawn landed on the cage top or the walls above 150 cm, while non-migratory individuals that took off during the nighttime due to rainfall mainly landed on the cage walls below 150 cm. Furthermore, it has been observed that migratory take-off individuals possess stronger sustained flight capabilities and exhibit more immature ovaries compared with non-migratory take-offs. These findings advance our understanding of the take-off behavior of S. furcifera and thus provide a basis for the accurate prediction and management of the migratory dynamics of this pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Yunlong Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Pinhong Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Dingxu Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Gao Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghouri S, Reich MS, Lopez-Mañas R, Talavera G, Bowen GJ, Vila R, Talla VNK, Collins SC, Martins DJ, Bataille CP. A hydrogen isoscape for tracing the migration of herbivorous lepidopterans across the Afro-Palearctic range. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9675. [PMID: 38211347 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Many insect species undertake multigenerational migrations in the Afro-tropical and Palearctic ranges, and understanding their migratory connectivity remains challenging due to their small size, short life span and large population sizes. Hydrogen isotopes (δ2 H) can be used to reconstruct the movement of dispersing or migrating insects, but applying δ2 H for provenance requires a robust isotope baseline map (i.e. isoscape) for the Afro-Palearctic. METHODS We analyzed the δ2 H in the wings (δ2 Hwing ) of 142 resident butterflies from 56 sites across the Afro-Palearctic. The δ2 Hwing values were compared to the predicted local growing-season precipitation δ2 H values (δ2 HGSP ) using a linear regression model to develop an insect wing δ2 H isoscape. We used multivariate linear mixed models and high-resolution and time-specific remote sensing climate and environmental data to explore the controls of the residual δ2 Hwing variability. RESULTS A strong linear relationship was found between δ2 Hwing and δ2 HGSP values (r2 = 0.53). The resulting isoscape showed strong patterns across the Palearctic but limited variation and high uncertainty for the Afro-tropics. Positive residuals of this relationship were correlated with dry conditions for the month preceding sampling whereas negative residuals were correlated with more wet days for the month preceding sampling. High intra-site δ2 Hwing variance was associated with lower relative humidity for the month preceding sampling and higher elevation. CONCLUSION The δ2 Hwing isoscape is applicable for tracing herbivorous lepidopteran insects that migrate across the Afro-Palearctic range but has limited geolocation potential in the Afro-tropics. The spatial analysis of uncertainty using high-resolution climatic data demonstrated that many African regions with highly variable evaporation rates and relative humidity have δ2 Hwing values that are less related to δ2 HGSP values. Increasing geolocation precision will require new modeling approaches using more time-specific environmental data and/or independent geolocation tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ghouri
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan S Reich
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Lopez-Mañas
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gabriel J Bowen
- Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-UPF, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Valery N K Talla
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region, Cameroon
| | | | - Dino J Martins
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University NY, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Clement P Bataille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen H, Wan G, Li J, Ma Y, Reynolds DR, Dreyer D, Warrant EJ, Chapman JW, Hu G. Adaptive migratory orientation of an invasive pest on a new continent. iScience 2023; 26:108281. [PMID: 38187194 PMCID: PMC10767162 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Many species of insects undertake long-range, seasonally reversed migrations, displaying sophisticated orientation behaviors to optimize their migratory trajectories. However, when invasive insects arrive in new biogeographical regions, it is unclear if migrants retain (or how quickly they regain) ancestral migratory traits, such as seasonally preferred flight headings. Here we present behavioral evidence that an invasive migratory pest, the fall armyworm moth (Spodoptera frugiperda), a native of the Americas, exhibited locally adaptive migratory orientation less than three years after arriving on a new continent. Specimens collected from China showed flight orientations directed north-northwest in spring and southwest in autumn, and this would promote seasonal forward and return migrations in East Asia. We also show that the driver of the seasonal switch in orientation direction is photoperiod. Our results thus provide a clear example of an invasive insect that has rapidly exhibited adaptive migratory behaviors, either inherited or newly evolved, in a completely alien environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Guijun Wan
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianchun Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yibo Ma
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Don R. Reynolds
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - David Dreyer
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eric J. Warrant
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jason W. Chapman
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Gao Hu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sappington TW, Spencer JL. Movement Ecology of Adult Western Corn Rootworm: Implications for Management. INSECTS 2023; 14:922. [PMID: 38132596 PMCID: PMC10744206 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Movement of adult western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is of fundamental importance to this species' population dynamics, ecology, evolution, and interactions with its environment, including cultivated cornfields. Realistic parameterization of dispersal components of models is needed to predict rates of range expansion, development, and spread of resistance to control measures and improve pest and resistance management strategies. However, a coherent understanding of western corn rootworm movement ecology has remained elusive because of conflicting evidence for both short- and long-distance lifetime dispersal, a type of dilemma observed in many species called Reid's paradox. Attempts to resolve this paradox using population genetic strategies to estimate rates of gene flow over space likewise imply greater dispersal distances than direct observations of short-range movement suggest, a dilemma called Slatkin's paradox. Based on the wide-array of available evidence, we present a conceptual model of adult western corn rootworm movement ecology under the premise it is a partially migratory species. We propose that rootworm populations consist of two behavioral phenotypes, resident and migrant. Both engage in local, appetitive flights, but only the migrant phenotype also makes non-appetitive migratory flights, resulting in observed patterns of bimodal dispersal distances and resolution of Reid's and Slatkin's paradoxes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Sappington
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Joseph L. Spencer
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The measurement of naturally occurring stable isotope ratios of the light elements (C, N, H, O, S) in animal tissues and associated organic and inorganic fractions of associated environments holds immense potential as a means of addressing effects of global change on animals. This paper provides a brief review of studies that have used the isotope approach to evaluate changes in diet, isotopic niche, contaminant burden, reproductive and nutritional investment, invasive species and shifts in migration origin or destination with clear links to evaluating effects of global change. This field has now reached a level of maturity that is impressive but generally underappreciated and involves technical as well as statistical advances and access to freely available R-based packages. There is a need for animal ecologists and conservationists to design tissue collection networks that will best answer current and anticipated questions related to the global change and the biodiversity crisis. These developments will move the field of stable isotope ecology toward a more hypothesis driven discipline related to rapidly changing global events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Hobson
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X4, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Beetz MJ, El Jundi B. The neurobiology of the Monarch butterfly compass. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 60:101109. [PMID: 37660836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) have become a superb model system to unravel how the tiny insect brain controls an impressive navigation behavior, such as long-distance migration. Moreover, the ability to compare the neural substrate between migratory and nonmigratory Monarch butterflies provides us with an attractive model to specifically study how the insect brain is adapted for migration. We here review our current progress on the neural substrate of spatial orientation in Monarch butterflies and how their spectacular annual migration might be controlled by their brain. We also discuss open research questions, the answers to which will provide important missing pieces to obtain a full picture of insect migration - from the perception of orientation cues to the neural control of migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jerome Beetz
- Zoology II, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Basil El Jundi
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Irving MR, Goolsby EW, Stanford H, Lim-Hing S, Urrea M, Mason CM. Temperature alters the toxicological impacts of plant terpenoids on the polyphagous model herbivore Vanessa cardui. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:666-680. [PMID: 37695522 PMCID: PMC10781811 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are a major class of secondary metabolites present in all plants, and long hypothesized to have diversified in response to specific plant-herbivore interactions. Herbivory is a major biotic interaction that plays out across broad temporal and spatial scales that vary dramatically in temperature regimes, both due to climatic variation across geographic locations as well as the effect of seasonality. In addition, there is an emerging understanding that global climate change will continue to alter the temperature regimes of nearly every habitat on Earth over the coming centuries. Regardless of source, variation in temperature may influence herbivory, in particular via changes in the efficacy and impacts of plant defensive chemistry. This study aims to characterize temperature-driven variation in toxicological effects across several structural classes of terpenes in the model herbivore Vanessa cardui, the painted lady butterfly. We observed a general increase in monoterpene toxicity to larvae, pupa, and adults at higher temperatures, as well as an increase in development time as terpene concentration increased. Results obtained from this study yield insights into possible drivers of seasonal variation in plant terpene production as well as inform effects of rising global temperatures on plant-insect interactions. In the context of other known effects of climate change on plant-herbivore interactions like carbon fertilization and compensatory feeding, temperature-driven changes in plant chemical defense efficacy may further complicate the prediction of climate change impacts on the fundamental ecological process of herbivory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari R Irving
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Eric W Goolsby
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Hannah Stanford
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Simone Lim-Hing
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Maria Urrea
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Chase M Mason
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Barr K, Bossu CM, Bay RA, Anderson EC, Belthoff J, Trulio LA, Chromczak D, Wisinski CL, Smith TB, Ruegg KC. Genetic and environmental drivers of migratory behavior in western burrowing owls and implications for conservation and management. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1889-1900. [PMID: 38143900 PMCID: PMC10739168 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration is driven by a combination of environmental and genetic factors, but many questions remain about those drivers. Potential interactions between genetic and environmental variants associated with different migratory phenotypes are rarely the focus of study. We pair low coverage whole genome resequencing with a de novo genome assembly to examine population structure, inbreeding, and the environmental factors associated with genetic differentiation between migratory and resident breeding phenotypes in a species of conservation concern, the western burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea). Our analyses reveal a dichotomy in gene flow depending on whether the population is resident or migratory, with the former being genetically structured and the latter exhibiting no signs of structure. Among resident populations, we observed significantly higher genetic differentiation, significant isolation-by-distance, and significantly elevated inbreeding. Among migratory breeding groups, on the other hand, we observed lower genetic differentiation, no isolation-by-distance, and substantially lower inbreeding. Using genotype-environment association analysis, we find significant evidence for relationships between migratory phenotypes (i.e., migrant versus resident) and environmental variation associated with cold temperatures during the winter and barren, open habitats. In the regions of the genome most differentiated between migrants and residents, we find significant enrichment for genes associated with the metabolism of fats. This may be linked to the increased pressure on migrants to process and store fats more efficiently in preparation for and during migration. Our results provide a significant contribution toward understanding the evolution of migratory behavior and vital insight into ongoing conservation and management efforts for the western burrowing owl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Barr
- Center for Tropical ResearchInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christen M. Bossu
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Rachael A. Bay
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eric C. Anderson
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Jim Belthoff
- Raptor Research Center and Department of Biological SciencesBoise State UniversityBoiseIdahoUSA
| | - Lynne A. Trulio
- Department of Environmental StudiesSan José State UniversitySan JoseCaliforniaUSA
| | - Debra Chromczak
- Burrowing Owl Researcher & ConsultantRiegelsvillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Thomas B. Smith
- Center for Tropical ResearchInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kristen C. Ruegg
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu Y, Chan KN, Li X, Zhao X, Chu D, Yin Y, Liu Y, Chen A. The Genetic Diversity of White-Backed Planthoppers ( Sogatella furcifera) between Myanmar and Yunnan Province of China. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2164. [PMID: 38136986 PMCID: PMC10743027 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to clarify the migration route and the source of white-backed planthopper (WBPH) (Sogatella furcifera) between Myanmar and Yunnan Province, China, we collected six populations throughout Myanmar and five populations around the border areas in Yunnan Province, China. A total of 790 base pairs in the mtDNA COI genes from 416 individuals were obtained. A total of 43 haplotypes were identified, among which 37 were unique haplotypes, and the remaining 6 were shared among different populations. Two common shared haplotypes (H_1 and H_2) had a widespread distribution in all populations and accounted for 88.8% of the total haplotype frequency, suggesting a high-level gene flow among the Myanmar and Yunnan populations. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analysis results indicated that the effective population size of WBPH expanded between about 10,000 and 7000 years ago, and S. furcifera might follow the post-LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) expansion pattern. Based on the total migrant (Nem) value, it can be deduced that north and northeast Myanmar were the primary migration sources for WBPH populations in the southwest and south Yunnan regions. This study aims to contribute to the sustainable regional management of this important rice pest and provide new insights into the genetic diversity of WBPH in Southeast Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province/Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China (Y.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Khin Nyein Chan
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province/Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China (Y.Y.)
- Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Mandalay 05151, Myanmar
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province/Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Xueqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province/Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Dong Chu
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province/Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province/Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Aidong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province/Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China (Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nagoshi RN, Tessnow AE, Carrière Y, Bradshaw J, Harrington K, Sword GA, Meagher RL. Using genetic comparisons of populations from Arizona, Mexico, and Texas to investigate fall armyworm migration in the American southwest. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289060. [PMID: 38011106 PMCID: PMC10681194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW) is a global agricultural pest, causing substantial economic losses in corn and many other crops. Complicating efforts to control this pest is its capacity for long distance flights, which has been described in greatest detail for the central and eastern sections of the United States. FAW infestations are also routinely found in agricultural areas in southern Arizona, which lie beyond the western limits of the mapped migratory pathways. Climate suitability analysis found that the affected Arizona locations cannot support permanent FAW populations, indicating that these FAW most likely arise from annual migrations. A better understanding of this migration would provide insights into how large moth populations can move across desert habitats as well as the degree of gene flow occurring between FAW populations across the North American continent. In this study the Arizona populations were genetically characterized and compared to a selection of permanent and migratory FAW from multiple sites in the United States and Mexico. The results are consistent with migratory contributions from permanent populations in the states of Texas (United States) and Sinaloa (Mexico), while also providing evidence of significant barriers to gene flow between populations within Mexico. An unexpected finding was that two genetically distinct FAW subpopulations known as "host strains" have a differential distribution in the southwest that may indicate significant differences in their migration behavior in this region. These findings indicate that the combination of mitochondrial and Z-linked markers have advantages in comparing FAW populations that can complement and extend the findings from other methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney N. Nagoshi
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ashley E. Tessnow
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yves Carrière
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeff Bradshaw
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kyle Harrington
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Meagher
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou X, Jia H, Zhang H, Wu K. Cross-Regional Pollination Behavior of Trichoplusia ni between China and the Indo-China Peninsula. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3778. [PMID: 37960134 PMCID: PMC10648395 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Noctuid moths, a group of "non-bee" pollinators, are essential but frequently underappreciated. To elucidate their roles in cross-regional pollination, this study selected the agriculturally significant species, cabbage looper (CL) Trichoplusia ni, as a representative model. From 2017 to 2021, this study was conducted on Yongxing Island, situated at the center of the South China Sea. We investigated the flower-visiting activities of CL, including its occurrence, potential host species, and geographic distribution in the surrounding areas of the South China Sea. First, the potential transoceanic migratory behavior and regional distribution of CL were systematically monitored through a comprehensive integration of the data obtained from a searchlight trap. The transoceanic migratory behavior of CL was characterized by intermittent occurrence, with the major migratory periods and the peak outbreak yearly. Furthermore, trajectory analysis confirmed the ability of CL to engage in periodic, round-trip, migratory flights between Southeast Asian countries and China. More importantly, an observation of pollen on the body surface demonstrated that 95.59% (130/136) of the migrating individuals carried pollen. The proboscis and compound eyes were identified as the primary pollen-carrying parts, with no observable gender-based differences in pollen-carrying rates. Further, identifying the pollen carried by CL using morphological and molecular methods revealed a diverse range of pollen types from at least 17 plant families and 31 species. Notably, CL predominantly visited eudicot and herbaceous plants. In conclusion, this pioneering study has not only revealed the long-distance migration activities of these noctuid moths in the East Asian region but also provided direct evidence supporting their role as potential pollinators. These findings offer a critical theoretical basis to guide the development of scientific management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Zhou
- Xianghu Lab, Hangzhou 311258, China;
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huiru Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.J.); (H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shaw AK, Levet M, Binning SA. A unified evolutionary framework for understanding parasite infection and host migratory behaviour. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1987-2002. [PMID: 37706582 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Animal migration impacts organismal health and parasite transmission: migrants are simultaneously exposed to parasites and able to reduce infection for both individuals and populations. However, these dynamics are difficult to study; empirical studies reveal disparate results while existing theory makes assumptions that simplify natural complexity. Here, we systematically review empirical studies of migration and infection across taxa, highlighting key gaps in our understanding. Next, we develop a unified evolutionary framework incorporating different selective pressures of parasite-migration interactions while accounting for ecological complexity that goes beyond previous theory. Our framework generates diverse migration-infection patterns paralleling those seen in empirical systems, including partial and differential migration. Finally, we generate predictions about which mechanisms dominate which empirical systems to guide future studies. Our framework provides an overarching understanding of selective pressures shaping migration patterns in the context of animal health and disease, which is critical for predicting how environmental change may threaten migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marie Levet
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandra A Binning
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang X, Ma H, Wu Q, Zhou Y, Zhou L, Xiu X, Zhao Y, Wu K. Comigration and interactions between two species of rice planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus and Sogatella furcifera) and natural enemies in eastern Asia. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4066-4077. [PMID: 37288961 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural enemies are important in pest control. However, control by natural enemies is hindered by the migration of rice planthoppers. Therefore, comigration and interactions between Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and five predator species, Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Episyrphus balteatus, Syrphus corollae (Fab.) and Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) in eastern Asia were investigated. RESULTS From 2012 to 2021, the migration patterns of two rice planthoppers and five natural enemy species were monitored by suction trapping on Beihuang Island, Shandong Province, China. Both planthoppers and the five natural enemies regularly comigrated from late April to late October each year. There were significant interannual and seasonal differences in the numbers of two rice planthoppers migrating across this island. Simulated seasonal migration trajectories indicated different source areas for the two rice planthoppers, which mainly originated in northeast, north and east China. The biomass of planthoppers was significantly positively correlated with that of the ladybug H. axyridis in all migration periods, and significant differences in the ratio of rice planthoppers to natural enemies among months. A time-lag effect between seasons was obtained when natural enemies and pests comigrated. CONCLUSION Migration was coordinated between rice planthoppers and natural enemies in East Asia. When natural enemies and rice planthoppers comigrated, time lags between seasons were observed. The unique insights into the migration patterns will help to increase understanding of the occurrence of rice planthoppers in eastern Asia and provide an important theoretical basis for regional monitoring and management of rice planthoppers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haotian Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiulin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Institute of Flower, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianzhi Xiu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fu J, Wang J, Huang X, Guan B, Feng Q, Deng H. Composition and diversity of gut microbiota across developmental stages of Spodoptera frugiperda and its effect on the reproduction. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1237684. [PMID: 37789854 PMCID: PMC10543693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1237684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spodoptera frugiperda is a serious world-wide agricultural pest. Gut microorganisms play crucial roles in growth, development, immunity and behavior of host insects. Methods Here, we reported the composition of gut microbiota in a laboratory-reared strain of S. frugiperda using 16S rDNA sequencing and the effects of gut microbiota on the reproduction. Results Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the predominant bacteria and the taxonomic composition varied during the life cycle. Alpha diversity indices indicated that the eggs had higher bacterial diversity than larvae, pupae and adults. Furthermore, eggs harbored a higher abundance of Ralstonia, Sediminibacterium and microbes of unclassified taxonomy. The dynamics changes in bacterial communities resulted in differences in the metabolic functions of the gut microbiota during development. Interestingly, the laid eggs in antibiotic treatment groups did not hatch much due to the gut dysbacteriosis, the results showed gut microbiota had a significant impact on the male reproduction. Discussion Our findings provide new perspectives to understand the intricate associations between microbiota and host, and have value for the development of S. frugiperda management strategies focusing on the pest gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximei Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyang Guan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Storrie L, Loseto LL, Sutherland EL, MacPhee SA, O'Corry-Crowe G, Hussey NE. Do beluga whales truly migrate? Testing a key trait of the classical migration syndrome. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:53. [PMID: 37649126 PMCID: PMC10469428 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration enables organisms to access resources in separate regions that have predictable but asynchronous spatiotemporal variability in habitat quality. The classical migration syndrome is defined by key traits including directionally persistent long-distance movements during which maintenance activities are suppressed. But recently, seasonal round-trip movements have frequently been considered to constitute migration irrespective of the traits required to meet this movement type, conflating common outcomes with common traits required for a mechanistic understanding of long-distance movements. We aimed to test whether a cetacean ceases foraging during so-called migratory movements, conforming to a trait that defines classical migration. METHODS We used location and dive data collected by satellite tags deployed on beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Eastern Beaufort Sea population, which undertake long-distance directed movements between summer and winter areas. To identify phases of directionally persistent travel, behavioural states (area-restricted search, ARS; or Transit) were decoded using a hidden-Markov model, based on step length and turning angle. Established dive profiles were then used as a proxy for foraging, to test the hypothesis that belugas cease foraging during these long-distance transiting movements, i.e., they suppress maintenance activities. RESULTS Belugas principally made directed horizontal movements when moving between summer and winter residency areas, remaining in a Transit state for an average of 75.4% (range = 58.5-87.2%) of the time. All individuals, however, exhibited persistent foraging during Transit movements (75.8% of hours decoded as the Transit state had ≥ 1 foraging dive). These data indicate that belugas actively search for and/or respond to resources during these long-distance movements that are typically called a migration. CONCLUSIONS The long-distance movements of belugas do not conform to the traits defining the classical migration syndrome, but instead have characteristics of both migratory and nomadic behaviour, which may prove adaptive in the face of unpredictable environmental change. Such patterns are likely present in other cetaceans that have been labeled as migratory. Examination of not only horizontal movement state, but also the vertical behaviour of aquatic animals during directed movements is essential for identifying whether a species exhibits traits of the classical migration syndrome or another long-distance movement strategy, enabling improved ecological inference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Storrie
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, Department of Environment and Geography, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Lisa L Loseto
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, Department of Environment and Geography, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Emma L Sutherland
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, Department of Environment and Geography, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shannon A MacPhee
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Greg O'Corry-Crowe
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Nigel E Hussey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oelmann Y, Fiedler D, Michaelis R, Leivits M, Braun A, Gschwind P, Neidhardt H, Willigalla C. Autumn migration of the migrant hawker (Aeshna mixta) at the Baltic coast. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:52. [PMID: 37620899 PMCID: PMC10464154 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migratory insects are important for the provision of ecosystem services both at the origin and destination sites but - apart from some iconic species - the migration routes of many insect species have not been assessed. Coastlines serve as a funnel where migrating animals including insects accumulate. Migratory behaviour and captures of dragonflies in bird traps suggest autumn migration of dragonflies along coastlines while the origin and regularity of this migration remain unclear. METHODS Dragonfly species were caught at the bird observatory Kabli at the Baltic coast in Estonia in 2009, 2010 and 2015. For the 2015 data set, we used a stable hydrogen (H) approach to trace the potential natal origin of the migrant hawker (Aeshna mixta). RESULTS 1079 (2009), 701 (2010) and 88 (2015) A. mixta individuals were caught during the study periods (35, 37 and 11 days in 2009, 2010 and 2015, respectively). The migration period lasted from end of August to end of September. Based on the results from our stable isotope analysis, we identified two populations of A. mixta: One (range of isotope signatures of non-exchangeable H [δ2Hn wing]: -78‰ to -112‰) had a local likely origin while the other (δ2Hn wing: -113‰ to -147‰) migrated from northerly directions even in headwind from the South. The former showed an even sex ratio whereas the actively migrating population was dominated by males. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a regular southbound autumn migration of A. mixta along the Baltic coast. However, nearly half of the sampled individuals originated from the surroundings suggesting either no, partial or "leap-frog" migration. Contrary to our expectation, A. mixta did not select favourable wind conditions but continued the southbound autumn migration in the flight boundary layer even in case of headwinds. The dominance of males might indicate migration as a result of competition for resources. Further repeated, large-scale studies along the Baltic coast are necessary to pinpoint the migratory pattern and the reason for migration of A. mixta. Such studies should also comprise locations north of the known species range of A. mixta because of the rapid climate-change induced range expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Oelmann
- Geoecology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Diana Fiedler
- Geoecology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rune Michaelis
- Geoecology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
- Lower Saxon Wadden Sea National Park Authority, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Meelis Leivits
- Estonian Environment Agency, Nigula Nature Centre, 86107, Reinu village, Estonia
| | - Andreas Braun
- Geoinformatics, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Gschwind
- Geoecology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
- GÖG - Gruppe für ökologische Gutachten, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Harald Neidhardt
- Geoecology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Medina-Báez OA, Lenard A, Muzychuk RA, da Silva CRB, Diamond SE. Life cycle complexity and body mass drive erratic changes in climate vulnerability across ontogeny in a seasonally migrating butterfly. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad058. [PMID: 37547363 PMCID: PMC10401068 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Physiological traits are often used for vulnerability assessments of organismal responses to climate change. Trait values can change dramatically over the life cycle of organisms but are typically assessed at a single developmental stage. Reconciling ontogenetic changes in physiological traits with vulnerability assessments often reveals early life-stage vulnerabilities. The degree to which ontogenetic changes in physiological traits are due to changes in body mass over development versus stage-specific responses determines the degree to which mass can be used as a proxy for vulnerability. Here, we use the painted lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui, to test ontogenetic changes in two physiological traits, the acute thermal sensitivity of routine metabolic rate (RMR Q10) and the critical thermal maximum (CTmax). RMR Q10 generally followed ontogenetic changes in body mass, with stages characterized by smaller body mass exhibiting lower acute thermal sensitivity. However, CTmax was largely decoupled from ontogenetic changes in body mass. In contrast with trends from other studies showing increasing vulnerability among progressively earlier developmental stages, our study revealed highly erratic patterns of vulnerability across ontogeny. Specifically, we found the lowest joint-trait vulnerability (both RMR Q10 and CTmax) in the earliest developmental stage we tested (3rd instar larvae), the highest vulnerabilities in the next two developmental stages (4th and 5th instar larvae), and reduced vulnerability into the pupal and adult stages. Our study supports growing evidence of mechanistic decoupling of physiology across developmental stages and suggests that body mass is not a universal proxy for all physiological trait indicators of climate vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osmary A Medina-Báez
- Corresponding author: Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Tel: 1-216-368-0699.
| | - Angie Lenard
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2074 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rut A Muzychuk
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2074 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Carmen R B da Silva
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2074 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton 3800, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Anchor Court, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2074 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dahake A, Raguso RA, Goyret J. Context and the functional use of information in insect sensory ecology. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 58:101058. [PMID: 37217002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Context-specific behaviors emerge from the interaction between an animal's internal state and its external environment. Although the importance of context is acknowledged in the field of insect sensory ecology, there is a lack of synthesis on this topic stemming from challenges in conceptualizing 'context'. We address this challenge by gleaning over the recent findings on the sensory ecology of mosquitoes and other insect pollinators. We discuss internal states and their temporal dynamics, from those lasting minutes to hours (host-seeking) to those lasting days to weeks (diapause, migration). Of the many patterns reviewed, at least three were common to all taxa studied. First, different sensory cues gain prominence depending on the insect's internal state. Second, similar sensory circuits between related species can result in different behavioral outcomes. And third, ambient conditions can dramatically alter internal states and behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Dahake
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Joaquin Goyret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tennessee Martin, Martin, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Atieli HE, Zhou G, Zhong D, Wang X, Lee MC, Yaro AS, Diallo M, Githure J, Kazura J, Lehmann T, Yan G. Wind-assisted high-altitude dispersal of mosquitoes and other insects in East Africa. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:698-707. [PMID: 37094808 PMCID: PMC10337859 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of insect dispersal is relevant to the control of agricultural pests, vector-borne transmission of human and veterinary pathogens, and insect biodiversity. Previous studies in a malaria endemic area of the Sahel region in West Africa revealed high-altitude, long-distance migration of insects and various mosquito species. The objective of the current study was to assess whether similar behavior is exhibited by mosquitoes and other insects around the Lake Victoria basin region of Kenya in East Africa. Insects were sampled monthly from dusk to dawn over 1 year using sticky nets suspended on a tethered helium-filled balloon. A total of 17,883 insects were caught on nets tethered at 90, 120, and 160 m above ground level; 818 insects were caught in control nets. Small insects (<0.5 cm, n = 15,250) were predominant regardless of height compared with large insects (>0.5 cm, n = 2,334) and mosquitoes (n = 299). Seven orders were identified; dipteran was the most common. Barcoding molecular assays of 184 mosquitoes identified 7 genera, with Culex being the most common (65.8%) and Anopheles being the least common (5.4%). The survival rate of mosquitoes, experimentally exposed to high-altitude overnight, was significantly lower than controls maintained in the laboratory (19% vs. 85%). There were no significant differences in mosquito survival and oviposition rate according to capture height. These data suggest that windborne dispersal activity of mosquito vectors of malaria and other diseases occurs on a broad scale in sub-Saharan Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harrysone E Atieli
- Sub-Saharan International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ming-chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alpha S Yaro
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Moussa Diallo
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Bamako, Mali
| | - John Githure
- Sub-Saharan International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - James Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tovi Lehmann
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shaw AK, Torstenson M, Craft ME, Binning SA. Gaps in modelling animal migration with evolutionary game theory: infection can favour the loss of migration. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210506. [PMID: 36934748 PMCID: PMC10024995 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing environmental changes alter how natural selection shapes animal migration. Understanding how these changes play out theoretically can be done using evolutionary game theoretic (EGT) approaches, such as looking for evolutionarily stable strategies. Here, we first describe historical patterns of how EGT models have explored different drivers of migration. We find that there are substantial gaps in both the taxa (mammals, amphibians, reptiles, insects) and mechanisms (mutualism, interspecific competition) included in past EGT models of migration. Although enemy interactions, including parasites, are increasingly considered in models of animal migration, they remain the least studied of factors for migration considered to date. Furthermore, few papers look at changes in migration in response to perturbations (e.g. climate change, new species interactions). To address this gap, we present a new EGT model to understand how infection with a novel parasite changes host migration. We find three possible outcomes when migrants encounter novel parasites: maintenance of migration (despite the added infection cost), loss of migration (evolutionary shift to residency) or population collapse, depending on the risk and cost of getting infected, and the cost currency. Our work demonstrates how emerging infection can alter animal behaviour such as migration. This article is part of the theme issue 'Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison K. Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Martha Torstenson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Meggan E. Craft
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sandra A. Binning
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lv H, Zhai MY, Zeng J, Zhang YY, Zhu F, Shen HM, Qiu K, Gao BY, Reynolds DR, Chapman JW, Hu G. Changing patterns of the East Asian monsoon drive shifts in migration and abundance of a globally important rice pest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2655-2668. [PMID: 36794561 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Numerous insects including pests and beneficial species undertake windborne migrations over hundreds of kilometers. In East Asia, climate-induced changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation systems are affecting wind-fields and precipitation zones and these, in turn, are changing migration patterns. We examined the consequences in a serious rice pest, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) in East China. BPH cannot overwinter in temperate East Asia, and infestations there are initiated by several waves of windborne spring or summer migrants originating from tropical areas in Indochina. The East Asian summer monsoon, characterized by abundant rainfall and southerly winds, is of critical importance for these northward movements. We analyzed a 42-year dataset of meteorological parameters and catches of BPH from a standardized network of 341 light-traps in South and East China. We show that south of the Yangtze River during summer, southwesterly winds have weakened and rainfall increased, while the summer precipitation has decreased further north on the Jianghuai Plain. Together, these changes have resulted in shorter migratory journeys for BPH leaving South China. As a result, pest outbreaks of BPH in the key rice-growing area of the Lower Yangtze River Valley (LYRV) have declined since 2001. We show that these changes to the East Asian summer monsoon weather parameters are driven by shifts in the position and intensity of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) system that have occurred during the last 20 years. As a result, the relationship between WPSH intensity and BPH immigration that was previously used to predict the size of the immigration to the LYRV has now broken down. Our results demonstrate that migration patterns of a serious rice pest have shifted in response to the climate-induced changes in precipitation and wind pattern, with significant consequences for the population management of migratory pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lv
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhai
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Yang Zhang
- China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Plant Protection Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Mei Shen
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Qiu
- Plant Protection Station of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Bo-Ya Gao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Don R Reynolds
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Jason W Chapman
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - Gao Hu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brasovs A, Palaoro AV, Aprelev P, Beard CE, Adler PH, Kornev KG. Haemolymph viscosity in hawkmoths and its implications for hovering flight. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222185. [PMID: 37122259 PMCID: PMC10130727 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viscosity determines the resistance of haemolymph flow through the insect body. For flying insects, viscosity is a major physiological parameter limiting flight performance by controlling the flow rate of fuel to the flight muscles, circulating nutrients and rapidly removing metabolic waste products. The more viscous the haemolymph, the greater the metabolic energy needed to pump it through confined spaces. By employing magnetic rotational spectroscopy with nickel nanorods, we showed that viscosity of haemolymph in resting hawkmoths (Sphingidae) depends on wing size non-monotonically. Viscosity increases for small hawkmoths with high wingbeat frequencies, reaches a maximum for middle-sized hawkmoths with moderate wingbeat frequencies, and decreases in large hawkmoths with slower wingbeat frequencies but greater lift. Accordingly, hawkmoths with small and large wings have viscosities approaching that of water, whereas hawkmoths with mid-sized wings have more than twofold greater viscosity. The metabolic demands of flight correlate with significant changes in circulatory strategies via modulation of haemolymph viscosity. Thus, the evolution of hovering flight would require fine-tuned viscosity adjustments to balance the need for the haemolymph to carry more fuel to the flight muscles while decreasing the viscous dissipation associated with its circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artis Brasovs
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Alexandre V. Palaoro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Pavel Aprelev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Charles E. Beard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Peter H. Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Kornev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu Z, Chen Z, Sun X, Zhang P, Yang J, Gao Y, Fan R. Energy Utilization and Flight Muscle Development in Chrysoperla sinica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Female Adults: Relationship With Age and Flight Behavior. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:399-404. [PMID: 36738303 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the accumulation of energy substances, dynamics of flight muscle development, changes in energy substances accumulation, and flight muscle structure after flight activities in female adults of the green lacewing Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder), a common natural enemy of various insect pests in China. Virgin individuals were chosen at 24, 72, and 120 h after eclosion for energy substance determination and flight muscle observation in this study. Individuals with strong flight ability at 72 h after eclosion were selected for tethered flight assays, followed by detection of energy substances, and flight muscle observation. The results showed that virgin female adults had the highest fat content 72 h after eclosion. Sarcomere length and myofibril diameter changed significantly with age, with the lowest at 24 h after eclosion. With an increase in flight distance, the fat and glycogen contents, sarcomere length, and volume fraction of the transverse tubular system (T-system) decreased and myofibril diameters increased. The volume fraction of the mitochondria did not significantly change, but the structure of the mitochondrial membrane was destroyed, inclusions were reduced, and cavities appeared. The reserves of energy substances, especially lipids, are closely related to the flight ability of C. sinica. The observational results of both flight muscle structure and morphology of mitochondria build a strong relationship with flight behavior. This research should help reveal the regulatory mechanism of flight activity of C. sinica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghao Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, P.R. China
| | - Pengjiu Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, P.R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, P.R. China
| | - Renjun Fan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Harvey JA, Dong Y. Climate Change, Extreme Temperatures and Sex-Related Responses in Spiders. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040615. [PMID: 37106814 PMCID: PMC10136024 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Climatic extremes, such as heat waves, are increasing in frequency, intensity and duration under anthropogenic climate change. These extreme events pose a great threat to many organisms, and especially ectotherms, which are susceptible to high temperatures. In nature, many ectotherms, such as insects, may seek cooler microclimates and 'ride out´ extreme temperatures, especially when these are transient and unpredictable. However, some ectotherms, such as web-building spiders, may be more prone to heat-related mortality than more motile organisms. Adult females in many spider families are sedentary and build webs in micro-habitats where they spend their entire lives. Under extreme heat, they may be limited in their ability to move vertically or horizontally to find cooler microhabitats. Males, on the other hand, are often nomadic, have broader spatial distributions, and thus might be better able to escape exposure to heat. However, life-history traits in spiders such as the relative body size of males and females and spatial ecology also vary across different taxonomic groups based on their phylogeny. This may make different species or families more or less susceptible to heat waves and exposure to very high temperatures. Selection to extreme temperatures may drive adaptive responses in female physiology, morphology or web site selection in species that build small or exposed webs. Male spiders may be better able to avoid heat-related stress than females by seeking refuge under objects such as bark or rocks with cooler microclimates. Here, we discuss these aspects in detail and propose research focusing on male and female spider behavior and reproduction across different taxa exposed to temperature extremes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Section Animal Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuting Dong
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dittemore CM, Tyers DB, Weaver DK, Nunlist EA, Sowell BF, Peterson E, Peterson RKD. Using Stable Isotopes to Determine Natal Origin and Feeding Habits of the Army Cutworm Moth, Euxoa auxiliaris (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:230-242. [PMID: 36801934 PMCID: PMC10112843 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The army cutworm, Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote), is a migratory noctuid that is both an agricultural pest and an important late-season food source for grizzly bears, Ursus arctos horribilis (Linnaeus, Carnivora: Ursidae), within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Beyond the confirmation of the moths' seasonal, elevational migration in the mid-1900s, little else has been documented about their migratory patterns. To address this missing ecological component, we examined (1) migratory routes during their spring and fall migratory periods throughout their natal range, the Great Plains, and (2) natal origin at two of their summering ranges using stable hydrogen (δ2H) analyses of wings from samples collected within the areas of interest. Stable carbon (δ13C) and stable nitrogen (δ15N) analyses of wings were used to evaluate larval feeding habits of the migrants and agricultural intensity of natal origin sites, respectively. Results suggest that, rather than migrating exclusively east to west, army cutworm moths are also migrating north to south during their spring migration. Moths did not exhibit natal origin site fidelity when returning to the Great Plains. Migrants collected from the Absaroka Range had the highest probability of natal origin in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, the most southern region of the Northwest Territories, and second highest probability of origin in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho. Migrants collected in the Lewis Range had the highest probability of origin in the same provinces of Canada. Results suggest that migrants of the Absaroka Range fed exclusively on C3 plants as larvae and rarely fed in heavily fertilized agroecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel B Tyers
- USDA Forest Service, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rockies Science Center, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - David K Weaver
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Erika A Nunlist
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Bok F Sowell
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Erik Peterson
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Robert K D Peterson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Talavera G, García-Berro A, Talla VNK, Ng’iru I, Bahleman F, Kébé K, Nzala KM, Plasencia D, Marafi MAJ, Kassie A, Goudégnon EOA, Kiki M, Benyamini D, Reich MS, López-Mañas R, Benetello F, Collins SC, Bataille CP, Pierce NE, Martins DJ, Suchan T, Menchetti M, Vila R. The Afrotropical breeding grounds of the Palearctic-African migratory painted lady butterflies ( Vanessa cardui). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218280120. [PMID: 37036992 PMCID: PMC10120051 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218280120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Migratory insects are key players in ecosystem functioning and services, but their spatiotemporal distributions are typically poorly known. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) may be used to predict species seasonal distributions, but the resulting hypotheses should eventually be validated by field data. The painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) performs multigenerational migrations between Europe and Africa and has become a model species for insect movement ecology. While the annual migration cycle of this species is well understood for Europe and northernmost Africa, it is still unknown where most individuals spend the winter. Through ENM, we previously predicted suitable breeding grounds in the subhumid regions near the tropics between November and February. In this work, we assess the suitability of these predictions through i) extensive field surveys and ii) two-year monitoring in six countries: a large-scale monitoring scheme to study butterfly migration in Africa. We document new breeding locations, year-round phenological information, and hostplant use. Field observations were nearly always predicted with high probability by the previous ENM, and monitoring demonstrated the influence of the precipitation seasonality regime on migratory phenology. Using the updated dataset, we built a refined ENM for the Palearctic-African range of V. cardui. We confirm the relevance of the Afrotropical region and document the missing natural history pieces of the longest migratory cycle described in butterflies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Talavera
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia08038, Spain
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Aurora García-Berro
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia08038, Spain
| | - Valery N. K. Talla
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Ivy Ng’iru
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki555-10400, Kenya
| | | | - Khadim Kébé
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology, Polytechnic Higher School of Dakar, BP 5085Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Dulce Plasencia
- Asociación Española para la Protección de las Mariposas y su Medio - Zerynthia, Sección Tenerife, E-26004Logroño, Spain
| | - Mohammad A. J. Marafi
- Department of Restoration of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems, Public Authority of Agriculture Affairs and Fish Resources, 13075Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Abeje Kassie
- Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, 30726Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eude O. A. Goudégnon
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Appliquée, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, BP 526Cotonou, Benin
| | - Martial Kiki
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Appliquée, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, BP 526Cotonou, Benin
| | - Dubi Benyamini
- The Israeli Lepidopterist Society, Beit Arye7194700, Israel
| | - Megan S. Reich
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5Ottawa, Canada
| | - Roger López-Mañas
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia08038, Spain
| | - Fulvia Benetello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Clément P. Bataille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5Ottawa, Canada
| | - Naomi E. Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Dino J. Martins
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia08038, Spain
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki555-10400, Kenya
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, NY11794
| | - Tomasz Suchan
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków31-512, Poland
| | - Mattia Menchetti
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia08003, Spain
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia08003, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pretorius I, Schou WC, Richardson B, Ross SD, Withers TM, Schmale DG, Strand TM. In the wind: Invasive species travel along predictable atmospheric pathways. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2806. [PMID: 36660794 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species such as insects, pathogens, and weeds reaching new environments by traveling with the wind, represent unquantified and difficult-to-manage biosecurity threats to human, animal, and plant health in managed and natural ecosystems. Despite the importance of these invasion events, their complexity is reflected by the lack of tools to predict them. Here, we provide the first known evidence showing that the long-distance aerial dispersal of invasive insects and wildfire smoke, a potential carrier of invasive species, is driven by atmospheric pathways known as Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS). An aerobiological modeling system combining LCS modeling with species biology and atmospheric survival has the potential to transform the understanding and prediction of atmospheric invasions. The proposed modeling system run in forecast or hindcast modes can inform high-risk invasion events and invasion source locations, making it possible to locate them early, improving the chances of eradication success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Pretorius
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd (Scion), Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Wayne C Schou
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd (Scion), Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Brian Richardson
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd (Scion), Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Shane D Ross
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Toni M Withers
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd (Scion), Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - David G Schmale
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Tara M Strand
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd (Scion), Rotorua, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gayathri M, Anand PP, Shibu Vardhanan Y. Wing size, shape, and asymmetry analysis of the wandering glider, Pantala flavescens (Odonata: Libellulidae) revealed that hindwings are more asymmetric than the forewings. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
44
|
Biological Characteristics and Energy Metabolism of Migrating Insects. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030439. [PMID: 36984878 PMCID: PMC10055822 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Through long-distance migration, insects not only find suitable breeding locations and increase the survival space and opportunities for the population but also facilitate large-scale material, energy, and information flow between regions, which is important in maintaining the stability of agricultural ecosystems and wider natural ecosystems. In this study, we summarize the changes in biological characteristics such as morphology, ovarian development, reproduction, and flight capability during the seasonal migration of the insect. In consideration of global research work, the interaction between flight and reproduction, the influence and regulation of the insulin-like and juvenile hormone on the flight and reproductive activities of migrating insects, and the types of energy substances, metabolic processes, and hormone regulation processes during insect flight are elaborated. This systematic review of the latest advances in the studies on insect migration biology and energy metabolism will help readers to better understand the biological behavior and regulation mechanism of the energy metabolism of insect migration.
Collapse
|
45
|
Butterworth NJ, Wallman JF, Johnston NP, Dawson BM, Sharp-Heward J, McGaughran A. The blowfly Chrysomya latifrons inhabits fragmented rainforests, but shows no population structure. Oecologia 2023; 201:703-719. [PMID: 36773072 PMCID: PMC10038970 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and deforestation are causing rainforests to become increasingly fragmented, placing them at heightened risk of biodiversity loss. Invertebrates constitute the greatest proportion of this biodiversity, yet we lack basic knowledge of their population structure and ecology. There is a compelling need to develop our understanding of the population dynamics of a wide range of rainforest invertebrates so that we can begin to understand how rainforest fragments are connected, and how they will cope with future habitat fragmentation and climate change. Blowflies are an ideal candidate for such research because they are widespread, abundant, and can be easily collected within rainforests. We genotyped 188 blowflies (Chrysomya latifrons) from 15 isolated rainforests and found high levels of gene flow, a lack of genetic structure between rainforests, and low genetic diversity - suggesting the presence of a single large genetically depauperate population. This highlights that: (1) the blowfly Ch. latifrons inhabits a ~ 1000 km stretch of Australian rainforests, where it plays an important role as a nutrient recycler; (2) strongly dispersing flies can migrate between and connect isolated rainforests, likely carrying pollen, parasites, phoronts, and pathogens along with them; and (3) widely dispersing and abundant insects can nevertheless be genetically depauperate. There is an urgent need to better understand the relationships between habitat fragmentation, genetic diversity, and adaptive potential-especially for poorly dispersing rainforest-restricted insects, as many of these may be particularly fragmented and at highest risk of local extinction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Butterworth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - James F Wallman
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Nikolas P Johnston
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Blake M Dawson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Joshua Sharp-Heward
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Angela McGaughran
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu X, Shi J, Ren L, Luo Y. Factors Affecting the Flight Capacity of Two Woodwasp Species, Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and Sirex nitobei M. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:236. [PMID: 36975921 PMCID: PMC10057106 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sirex noctilio F. is an invasive woodwasp that causes pine mortality in plantations in China. Sirex nitobei M. is a native woodwasp in large areas of China. In this study, the flight capacity of the two woodwasps was studied and compared using a tethered-flight mill system to find individual factors affecting the flight capacity. After flight bioassays, woodwasps were dissected to determine nematode infestation. Post-eclosion-day (PED) age significantly influenced the flight capacity of S. noctilio females and males; as woodwasps become older, their flight capacity decreased. For S. nitobei, PED age did not significantly affect their flight capacity. In general, the flight capacity of S. noctilio was greater than that of S. nitobei. Females flew further and for longer than males for both Sirex species. The Deladenus spp. parasitism status of the two Sirex species did not significantly affect their flight performance parameters. PED age and body mass were key individual factors significantly affecting the flight capacity of the two Sirex species. In this study, detailed and accurate tethered-flight parameters of S. noctilio and S. nitobei were obtained. Although this is different from natural flight, it also provides us substantial laboratory data on their flight capacity, and facilitates risk analysis of the two woodwasp species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- IFOPE, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University—French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- IFOPE, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University—French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Youqing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- IFOPE, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University—French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tessnow AE, Nagoshi RN, Meagher RL, Fleischer SJ. Revisiting fall armyworm population movement in the United States and Canada. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1104793. [PMID: 38469489 PMCID: PMC10926481 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Biophysical approaches validated against haplotype and trap catch patterns have modeled the migratory trajectory of fall armyworms at a semi-continental scale, from their natal origins in Texas or Florida through much of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. However, unexplained variation in the validation analysis was present, and misalignments between the simulated movement patterns of fall armyworm populations and the haplotype ratios at several locations, especially in the northeastern US and Canada, have been reported. Methods Using an expanded dataset extending into Canada, we assess the consistency of haplotype patterns that relate overwintered origins of fall armyworm populations to hypothesized dispersal trajectories in North America and compare the geographic distribution of these patterns with previous model projections. Results and discussion We confirm the general accuracy of previous modeling efforts, except for late in the season where our data suggests a higher proportion of Texas populations invading the northeast, extending into eastern Canada. We delineate geographic limits to the range of both overwintering populations and show that substantial intermixing of the Texas and Florida migrants routinely occurs north of South Carolina. We discuss annual variation to these migratory trajectories and test the hypothesis that the Appalachian Mountains influence geographic patterns of haplotypes. We discuss how these results may limit gene flow between the Texas and Florida natal populations and limit the hereditary consequences of interbreeding between these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Tessnow
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Rodney N. Nagoshi
- U.S. Department of Agriculture- Agriculture Research Service- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology (USDA-ARS CMAVE), Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert L. Meagher
- U.S. Department of Agriculture- Agriculture Research Service- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology (USDA-ARS CMAVE), Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shen X, Guo J, Yang X, Wei S, Wu K. Stable Isotopes Indicate Seasonal Changes in Natal Geographic Origins and Host Plants of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) Migrants Across the Bohai Strait in China. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:136-143. [PMID: 36490213 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a notorious pest of maize that migrates seasonally in Asia. Two migration peaks were found on Beihuang island in the Bohai Strait of China by observing the number of migrants. However, the origins and host plants of the migrants in the two migration periods remain unclear. Here, stable hydrogen (δ2H) and carbon (δ13C) isotope levels were measured to infer the origin and host plants of the O. furnacalis captured on Beihuang island in 2017-2019. δ2H in wings of spring-summer O. furnacalis captured from May to June ranged from -99 to -56‰, while that of autumn migrants from August to September ranged from -127 to -81‰. Based on the linear relationship between δ2H in the wing of migrants (δ2Hw) and δ2H in precipitation (δ2Hp), the spring-summer O. furnacalis likely originated from the summer maize area in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China. In contrast, the autumn migrants came from the northern spring maize area in Liaoning, Jilin and Inner Mongolia. Based on δ13C, the spring-summer migrants fed on both C3 plants such as wheat (47.76%) and C4 weeds or belonged to the over winter individuals in maize field (52.24%), while the autumn migrants mainly fed on maize (C4, 91.21%). The results point to a northward migration in spring-summer and southward migration in autumn of O. furnacalis. Our study gives an important knowledge for improving the forecasting and management level of this pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Jianglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Xianming Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Shujun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
García-Berro A, Talla V, Vila R, Wai HK, Shipilina D, Chan KG, Pierce NE, Backström N, Talavera G. Migratory behaviour is positively associated with genetic diversity in butterflies. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:560-574. [PMID: 36336800 PMCID: PMC10100375 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Migration is typically associated with risk and uncertainty at the population level, but little is known about its cost-benefit trade-offs at the species level. Migratory insects in particular often exhibit strong demographic fluctuations due to local bottlenecks and outbreaks. Here, we use genomic data to investigate levels of heterozygosity and long-term population size dynamics in migratory insects, as an alternative to classical local and short-term approaches such as regional field monitoring. We analyse whole-genome sequences from 97 Lepidoptera species and show that individuals of migratory species have significantly higher levels of genome-wide heterozygosity, a proxy for effective population size, than do nonmigratory species. Also, we contribute whole-genome data for one of the most emblematic insect migratory species, the painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui), sampled across its worldwide distributional range. This species exhibits one of the highest levels of genomic heterozygosity described in Lepidoptera (2.95 ± 0.15%). Coalescent modelling (PSMC) shows historical demographic stability in V. cardui, and high effective population size estimates of 2-20 million individuals 10,000 years ago. The study reveals that the high risks associated with migration and local environmental fluctuations do not seem to decrease overall genetic diversity and demographic stability in migratory Lepidoptera. We propose a "compensatory" demographic model for migratory r-strategist organisms in which local bottlenecks are counterbalanced by reproductive success elsewhere within their typically large distributional ranges. Our findings highlight that the boundaries of populations are substantially different for sedentary and migratory insects, and that, in the latter, local and even regional field monitoring results may not reflect whole population dynamics. Genomic diversity patterns may elucidate key aspects of an insect's migratory nature and population dynamics at large spatiotemporal scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora García-Berro
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Venkat Talla
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Program of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hong Kar Wai
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD) and Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daria Shipilina
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Program of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kok Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niclas Backström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Program of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang XY, Huang L, Liu J, Zhang HB, Qiu K, Lu F, Hu G. Migration Dynamics of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in the Yangtze River Delta. INSECTS 2023; 14:127. [PMID: 36835696 PMCID: PMC9961294 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta, located in East China, is an important passage on the eastern pathway of the northward migration of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in China, connecting China's year-round breeding area and the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize area. Clarifying the migration dynamics of S. frugiperda in the Yangtze River Delta is of great significance for the scientific control and prevention of S. frugiperda in the Yangtze River Delta, even in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and Northeast China. This study is based on the pest investigation data of S. frugiperda in the Yangtze River Delta from 2019 to 2021, combining it with the migration trajectory simulation approach and the synoptic weather analysis. The result showed that S. frugiperda migrated to the Yangtze River Delta in March or April at the earliest, and mainly migrated to the south of the Yangtze River in May, which can be migrated from Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan and other places. In May and June, S. frugiperda migrated further into the Jiang-Huai region, and its source areas were mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and Hubei provinces. In July, it mainly migrated to the north of Huai River, and the source areas of the insects were mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei and Henan. From the south of the Yangtze River to the north of the Huai River, the source areas of S. frugiperda were constantly moving north. After breeding locally, S. frugiperda can not only migrate to other regions of the Yangtze River Delta, but also to its surrounding provinces of Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Shandong and Hebei, and even cross the Shandong Peninsula into Northeast China such as Liaoning and Jilin provinces. Trajectory simulation showed that the emigrants of S. frugiperda from the Yangtze River Delta moved northward, westward and eastward as wind direction was quite diverse in June-August. This paper analyzes the migration dynamics of S. frugiperda in the Yangtze River Delta, which has important guiding significance for the monitoring, early warning and the development of scientific prevention and control strategies for whole country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Le Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Kun Qiu
- Plant Protection Station of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Gao Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|