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Bentz PC, Burrows JE, Burrows SM, Mizrachi E, Liu Z, Yang J, Mao Z, Popecki M, Seberg O, Petersen G, Leebens-Mack J. Bursts of Rapid Diversification, Dispersals Out of Southern Africa, and Two Origins of Dioecy Punctuate the Evolution of Asparagus. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae200. [PMID: 39293000 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Asparagus arose ∼9 to 15 million years ago (Ma), and transitions from hermaphroditism to dioecy (separate sexes) occurred ∼3 to 4 Ma. Roughly 27% of extant Asparagus species are dioecious, while the remaining are bisexual with monoclinous flowers. As such, Asparagus is an ideal model taxon for studying the early stages of dioecy and sex chromosome evolution in plants. Until now, however, understanding of diversification and shifts from hermaphroditism to dioecy in Asparagus has been hampered by the lack of robust species tree estimates for the genus. In this study, a genus-wide phylogenomic analysis including 1,726 nuclear loci and comprehensive species sampling supports two independent origins of dioecy in Asparagus-first in a widely distributed Eurasian clade and then in a clade restricted to the Mediterranean Basin. Modeling of ancestral biogeography indicates that both dioecy origins were associated with range expansion out of southern Africa. Our findings also reveal several bursts of diversification across the phylogeny, including an initial radiation in southern Africa that gave rise to 12 major clades in the genus, and more recent radiations that have resulted in paraphyly and polyphyly among closely related species, as expected given active speciation processes. Lastly, we report that the geographic origin of domesticated garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) was likely in western Asia near the Mediterranean Sea. The presented phylogenomic framework for Asparagus is foundational for ongoing genomic investigations of diversification and functional trait evolution in the genus and contributes to its utility for understanding the origin and early evolution of dioecy and sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Bentz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
| | - John E Burrows
- Buffelskloof Herbarium, Buffelskloof Nature Reserve, Lydenburg 1120, South Africa
| | - Sandra M Burrows
- Buffelskloof Herbarium, Buffelskloof Nature Reserve, Lydenburg 1120, South Africa
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Junbo Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zichao Mao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Margot Popecki
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
| | - Ole Seberg
- The Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, K-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Gitte Petersen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Jim Leebens-Mack
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
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2
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Rose JP, Kriebel R, Sytsma KJ, Drew BT. Phylogenomic perspectives on speciation and reproductive isolation in a North American biodiversity hotspot: an example using California sages (Salvia subgenus Audibertia: Lamiaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:295-310. [PMID: 38733329 PMCID: PMC11232522 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The California Floristic Province (CA-FP) is the most species-rich region of North America north of Mexico. One of several proposed hypotheses explaining the exceptional diversity of the region is that the CA-FP harbours myriad recently diverged lineages with nascent reproductive barriers. Salvia subgenus Audibertia is a conspicuous element of the CA-FP, with multiple sympatric and compatible species. METHODS Using 305 nuclear loci and both organellar genomes, we reconstruct species trees, examine genomic discordance, conduct divergence-time estimation, and analyse contemporaneous patterns of gene flow and mechanical reproductive isolation. KEY RESULTS Despite strong genomic discordance, an underlying bifurcating tree is supported. Organellar genomes capture additional introgression events not detected in the nuclear genome. Most interfertility is found within clades, indicating that reproductive barriers arise with increasing genetic divergence. Species are generally not mechanically isolated, suggesting that it is unlikely to be the primary factor leading to reproductive isolation. CONCLUSIONS Rapid, recent speciation with some interspecific gene flow in conjunction with the onset of a Mediterranean-like climate is the underlying cause of extant diversity in Salvia subgenus Audibertia. Speciation has largely not been facilitated by gene flow. Its signal in the nuclear genome seems to mostly be erased by backcrossing, but organellar genomes each capture different instances of historical gene flow, probably characteristic of many CA-FP lineages. Mechanical reproductive isolation appears to be only part of a mosaic of factors limiting gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Rose
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Kenneth J Sytsma
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bryan T Drew
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
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3
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Franco FF, Amaral DT, Bonatelli IAS, Meek JB, Moraes EM, Zappi DC, Taylor NP, Eaton DAR. A historical stepping-stone path for an island-colonizing cactus across a submerged "bridge" archipelago. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 132:296-308. [PMID: 38637723 PMCID: PMC11166651 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we use population genomic data (ddRAD-Seq) and ecological niche modeling to test biogeographic hypotheses for the divergence of the island-endemic cactus species Cereus insularis Hemsl. (Cereeae; Cactaceae) from its sister species C. fernambucensis Lem. The Cereus insularis grows in the Fernando de Noronha Islands (FNI), a Neotropical archipelago located 350 km off the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF) coast. Phylogeographic reconstructions support a northward expansion by the common ancestor of C. insularis and C. fernambucensis along the mainland BAF coast, with C. insularis diverging from the widespread mainland taxon C. fernambucensis after colonizing FNI in the late Pleistocene. The morphologically distinct C. insularis is monophyletic and nested within C. fernambucensis, as expected from a progenitor-derivative speciation model. We tested alternative biogeographic and demographic hypotheses for the colonization of the FNI using Approximate Bayesian Computation. We found the greatest support for a stepping-stone path that emerged during periods of decreased sea level (the "bridge" hypothesis), in congruence with historical ecological niche modeling that shows highly suitable habitats on stepping-stone islands during glacial periods. The outlier analyses reveal signatures of selection in C. insularis, suggesting a putative role of adaptation driving rapid anagenic differentiation of this species in FNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Faria Franco
- Departamento de Biologia. Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Trabuco Amaral
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Comparada. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabel A S Bonatelli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas. Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Jared B Meek
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Evandro Marsola Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia. Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cristina Zappi
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, PO Box 04457, Brasília, DF, 70910970, Brazil
| | - Nigel Paul Taylor
- Departamento de Biologia. Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Deren A R Eaton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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4
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Sianta SA, Moeller DA, Brandvain Y. The extent of introgression between incipient Clarkia species is determined by temporal environmental variation and mating system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316008121. [PMID: 38466849 PMCID: PMC10963018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316008121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introgression is pervasive across the tree of life but varies across taxa, geography, and genomic regions. However, the factors modulating this variation and how they may be affected by global change are not well understood. Here, we used 200 genomes and a 15-y site-specific environmental dataset to investigate the effects of environmental variation and mating system divergence on the magnitude of introgression between a recently diverged outcrosser-selfer pair of annual plants in the genus Clarkia. These sister taxa diverged very recently and subsequently came into secondary sympatry where they form replicated contact zones. Consistent with observations of other outcrosser-selfer pairs, we found that introgression was asymmetric between taxa, with substantially more introgression from the selfer to the outcrosser. This asymmetry was caused by a bias in the direction of initial F1 hybrid formation and subsequent backcrossing. We also found extensive variation in the outcrosser's admixture proportion among contact zones, which was predicted nearly entirely by interannual variance in spring precipitation. Greater fluctuations in spring precipitation resulted in higher admixture proportions, likely mediated by the effects of spring precipitation on the expression of traits that determine premating reproductive isolation. Climate-driven hybridization dynamics may be particularly affected by global change, potentially reshaping species boundaries and adaptation to novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley A. Sianta
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
| | - David A. Moeller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
| | - Yaniv Brandvain
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
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5
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Albuquerque-Lima S, Lopes AV, Machado IC. Reproductive isolation between two sympatric bat-pollinated Bauhinia (Leguminosae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:65-77. [PMID: 37991585 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Several barriers contribute to reproductive isolation between plant species, which can be classified as pre- or post-pollination. Understanding the strength of these barriers could clarify the factors that maintain reproductive isolation and thus species integrity. In this study, we quantified reproductive isolation between two bat-pollinated co-occurring Bauhinia species (B. acuruana and B. pentandra) with similar flower morphology. Over the course of 18 months, we assessed reproductive isolation between these two Bauhinia species by quantifying the individual strengths and absolute contributions of five pre- and post- pollination barriers. Our data showed that both species are completely isolated in their reproduction by a combination of several barriers. Although they co-occur in a few populations, we found a high degree of geographic isolation between them. And although their flowering periods overlap, there is a significant difference in flowering peaks. Both species have the same pollinating bats, but the interspecific transfer of pollen between the plant species may be reduced due to the different length of the flower stamens, resulting in different pollen deposition on the bats' bodies. We have documented complete incompatibility between taxa and conclude that pre- and post-pollination barriers are important factors in preventing gene flow, even in contact zones between these two species of Bauhinia. We highlight that our work is the first study to use methods to estimate the strength of reproductive isolation barriers between bat-pollinated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinzinando Albuquerque-Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Floral e Reprodutiva and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 123, Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Ariadna Valentina Lopes
- Laboratório de Biologia Floral e Reprodutiva and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Machado
- Laboratório de Biologia Floral e Reprodutiva and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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6
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Diaz-Martin Z, Cisternas-Fuentes A, Kay KM, Raguso RA, Skogen K, Fant J. Reproductive strategies and their consequences for divergence, gene flow, and genetic diversity in three taxa of Clarkia. Heredity (Edinb) 2023; 131:338-349. [PMID: 37700028 PMCID: PMC10673949 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in reproductive strategies can have important implications for macro- and micro-evolutionary processes. We used a comparative approach through a population genetics lens to evaluate how three distinct reproductive strategies shape patterns of divergence among as well as gene flow and genetic diversity within three closely related taxa in the genus Clarkia. One taxon is a predominantly autonomous self-fertilizer and the other two taxa are predominantly outcrossing but vary in the primary pollinator they attract. In genotyping populations using genotyping-by-sequencing and comparing loci shared across taxa, our results suggest that differences in reproductive strategies in part promote evolutionary divergence among these closely related taxa. Contrary to expectations, we found that the selfing taxon had the highest levels of heterozygosity but a low rate of polymorphism. The high levels of fixed heterozygosity for a subset of loci suggests this pattern is driven by the presence of structural rearrangements in chromosomes common in other Clarkia taxa. In evaluating patterns within taxa, we found a complex interplay between reproductive strategy and geographic distribution. Differences in the mobility of primary pollinators did not translate to a difference in rates of genetic diversity and gene flow within taxa - a pattern likely due to one taxon having a patchier distribution and a less temporally and spatially reliable pollinator. Taken together, this work advances our understanding of the factors that shape gene flow and the distribution of genetic diversity within and among closely related taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Diaz-Martin
- Department of Biology, Spelman College, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA.
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, 60035, USA.
| | - Anita Cisternas-Fuentes
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, 60035, USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kathleen M Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Robert A Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Krissa Skogen
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, 60035, USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA
| | - Jeremie Fant
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, 60035, USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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7
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Bock DG, Cai Z, Elphinstone C, González-Segovia E, Hirabayashi K, Huang K, Keais GL, Kim A, Owens GL, Rieseberg LH. Genomics of plant speciation. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100599. [PMID: 37050879 PMCID: PMC10504567 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies of plants have been instrumental for revealing how new species originate. For several decades, botanical research has complemented and, in some cases, challenged concepts on speciation developed via the study of other organisms while also revealing additional ways in which species can form. Now, the ability to sequence genomes at an unprecedented pace and scale has allowed biologists to settle decades-long debates and tackle other emerging challenges in speciation research. Here, we review these recent genome-enabled developments in plant speciation. We discuss complications related to identification of reproductive isolation (RI) loci using analyses of the landscape of genomic divergence and highlight the important role that structural variants have in speciation, as increasingly revealed by new sequencing technologies. Further, we review how genomics has advanced what we know of some routes to new species formation, like hybridization or whole-genome duplication, while casting doubt on others, like population bottlenecks and genetic drift. While genomics can fast-track identification of genes and mutations that confer RI, we emphasize that follow-up molecular and field experiments remain critical. Nonetheless, genomics has clarified the outsized role of ancient variants rather than new mutations, particularly early during speciation. We conclude by highlighting promising avenues of future study. These include expanding what we know so far about the role of epigenetic and structural changes during speciation, broadening the scope and taxonomic breadth of plant speciation genomics studies, and synthesizing information from extensive genomic data that have already been generated by the plant speciation community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G Bock
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhe Cai
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cassandra Elphinstone
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric González-Segovia
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Kaichi Huang
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Graeme L Keais
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy Kim
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregory L Owens
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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8
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Vargas OM, Madriñán S, Simpson B. Allopatric speciation is more prevalent than parapatric ecological divergence in a recent high-Andean diversification ( Linochilus: Asteraceae). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15479. [PMID: 37312875 PMCID: PMC10259450 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating how species accumulate in diversity hotspots is an ongoing debate in evolutionary biology. The páramo, in the Northern Andes, has remarkably high indices of plant diversity, endemicity, and diversification rates. A hypothesis for explaining such indices is that allopatric speciation is high in the páramo given its island-like distribution. An alternative hypothesis is that the altitudinal gradient of the Andean topography provides a variety of niches that drive vertical parapatric ecological speciation. A formal test for evaluating the relative roles of allopatric and parapatric ecological speciation is lacking. The main aim of our study is to test which kind of speciation is more common in an endemic páramo genus. We developed a framework incorporating phylogenetics, species' distributions, and a morpho-ecological trait (leaf area) to compare sister species and infer whether allopatric or parapatric ecological divergence caused their speciation. We applied our framework to the species-rich genus Linochilus (63 spp.) and found that the majority of recent speciation events in it (12 events, 80%) have been driven by allopatric speciation, while a smaller fraction (one event, 6.7%) is attributed to parapatric ecological speciation; two pairs of sister species produced inconclusive results (13.3%). We conclude that páramo autochthonous (in-situ) diversification has been primarily driven by allopatric speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M. Vargas
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Billie Turner Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Santiago Madriñán
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Jardín Botánico de Cartagena, Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - Beryl Simpson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Billie Turner Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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9
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Weng Y, Li H, Yang J, Zhang Z. The past, present, and future of ecogeographic isolation between closely related Aquilegia plants. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10098. [PMID: 37250449 PMCID: PMC10212700 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the strength of the ecogeographic barrier is an important aspect of plant speciation research, and serves as a practical step to understanding the evolutionary trajectory of plants under climate change. Here, we quantified the extent of ecogeographic isolation in four closely related Aquilegia species that radiated in the Mountains of SW China and adjacent regions, often lacking intrinsic barriers. We used environmental niche models to predict past, present, and future species potential distributions and compared them to determine the degree of overlap and ecogeographic isolation. Our investigation found significant ecological differentiation in all studied species pairs except A. kansuensis and A. ecalacarata. The current strengths of ecogeographic isolation are above 0.5 in most cases. Compared with current climates, most species had an expanding range in the Last Glacial Maximum, the Mid Holocene, and under four future climate scenarios. Our results suggested that ecogeographic isolation contributes to the diversification and maintenance of Aquilegia species in the Mountains of northern and SW China and would act as an essential reproductive barrier in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Weng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of BiodiversityYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- College of Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Huiqiong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of BiodiversityYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jiqin Yang
- Gansu Liancheng National Nature ReserveLanzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of BiodiversityYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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10
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Toll K. An evolutionary framework for understanding habitat partitioning in plants. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16119. [PMID: 36585942 PMCID: PMC10107657 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species with overlapping geographic ranges segregate at smaller spatial scales. This spatial segregation-zonation when it follows an abiotic gradient and habitat partitioning when it does not-has been experimentally investigated for over a century often using distantly related taxa, such as different genera of algae or barnacles. In those foundational studies, trade-offs between stress tolerance and competitive ability were found to be the major driving factors of habitat partitioning for both animals and plants. Yet, the evolutionary relationships among segregating species are usually not taken into account. Since close relatives are hypothesized to compete more intensely and are more likely to interact during mating compared to distant relatives, the mechanisms underlying habitat partitioning may differ depending on the relatedness of the species in question. Here, I propose an integration of ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to habitat partitioning in plants, specifically how the relative contributions of factors predictably change with relatedness of taxa. Interspecific reproductive interactions in particular are understudied, yet important drivers of habitat partitioning. In spatially segregated species, interspecific mating can reduce the fitness of rare immigrants, preventing their establishment and maintaining patterns of spatial segregation. In this synthesis, I review the literature on mechanisms of habitat partitioning in plants within an evolutionary framework, identifying knowledge gaps and detailing future directions for this rapidly growing field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Toll
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
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11
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Lu WX, Hu XY, Wang ZZ, Rao GY. Hyb-Seq provides new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the Chrysanthemum zawadskii species complex in China. Cladistics 2022; 38:663-683. [PMID: 35766338 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A species complex is an assemblage of closely related species with blurred boundaries, and from which species could arise from different speciation processes and/or a speciation continuum. Such a complex can provide an opportunity to investigate evolutionary mechanisms acting on speciation. The Chrysanthemum zawadskii species complex in China, a monophyletic group of Chrysanthemum, consists of seven species with considerable morphological variation, diverse habitats and different distribution patterns. Here, we used Hyb-Seq data to construct a well-resolved phylogeny of the C. zawadskii complex. Then, we performed comparative analyses of variation patterns in morphology, ecology and distribution to investigate the roles of geography and ecology in this complex's diversification. Lastly, we implemented divergence time estimation, species distribution modelling and ancestral area reconstruction to trace the evolutionary history of this complex. We concluded that the C. zawadskii complex originated in the Qinling-Daba mountains during the early Pliocene and then spread west and northward along the mountain ranges to northern China. During this process, geographical and ecological factors imposing different influences resulted in the current diversification and distribution patterns of this species complex, which is composed of both well-diverged species and diverging lineages on the path of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xun Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ying Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Zhao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Rao
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Yang YZ, Luo MX, Pang LD, Gao RH, Chang JT, Liao PC. Parallel adaptation prompted core-periphery divergence of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:956374. [PMID: 36092420 PMCID: PMC9449729 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.956374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Range expansion requires peripheral populations to shift adaptive optima to breach range boundaries. Opportunities for range expansion can be assessed by investigating the associations of core-periphery environmental and genetic differences. This study investigates differences in the core-periphery adaptation of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, a broad-leaved evergreen shrub species in a relatively homogeneous temperate Asian desert environment, to explore the environmental factors that limit the expansion of desert plants. Temperate deserts are characterized by severe drought, a large diurnal temperature range, and seasonality. Long-standing adaptation to the harsh desert environment may confine the genetic diversity of A. mongolicus, despite its distribution over a wide range of longitude, latitude, and altitude. Since range edges defined by climate niches may have different genetic responses to environmental extremes, we compared genome-wide polymorphisms between nine environmental core populations and ten fragmented peripheral populations to determine the "adaptive peripheral" populations. At least four adaptive peripheral populations had similar genetic-environmental association patterns. High elevations, summer drought, and winter cold were the three main determinants of converging these four adaptive peripheral populations. Elevation mainly caused similar local climates among different geographic regions. Altitudinal adaptation resulting from integrated environmental-genetic responses was a breakthrough in breaching niche boundaries. These peripheral populations are also located in relatively humid and warmer environments. Relaxation of the drought and cold constraints facilitated the genetic divergence of these peripheral populations from the core population's adaptive legacy. We conclude that pleiotropic selection synchronized adaptative divergence to cold and drought vs. warm and humid environments between the core and peripheral populations. Such parallel adaptation of peripheral populations relies on selection under a background of abundant new variants derived from the core population's standing genetic variation, i.e., integration of genetic surfing and local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhi Yang
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Min-Xin Luo
- School of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Dong Pang
- College Resource and Environmental Economics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Huhhot, China
| | - Run-Hong Gao
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Jui-Tse Chang
- School of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- School of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Alonso A, Gallego-Narbón A, Coca-de-la-Iglesia M, Monjas D, Medina NG, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Valcárcel V. Climatic niche pre-adaptation facilitated island colonization followed by budding speciation in the Madeiran ivy ( Hedera maderensis, Araliaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935975. [PMID: 35958224 PMCID: PMC9358290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The path followed by species in the colonization of remote oceanic islands ultimately depends on their phylogenetic constraints and ecological responses. In this study, we aim to evaluate the relative role of geographical and ecological forces in the origin and evolution of the Madeiran ivy (Hedera maderensis), a single-species endemic belonging to the western polyploid clade of Hedera. To determine the phylogenetic placement of H. maderensis within the western polyploid clade, we analyzed 40 populations (92 individuals) using genotyping-by-sequencing and including Hedera helix as outgroup. Climatic niche differences among the study species were evaluated using a database with 867 records representing the entire species ranges. To test species responses to climate, 13 vegetative and reproductive functional traits were examined for 70 populations (335 individuals). Phylogenomic results revealed a nested pattern with H. maderensis embedded within the south-western Iberian H. iberica. Gradual niche differentiation from the coldest and most continental populations of H. iberica to the warm and stable coastal population sister to H. maderensis parallels the geographical pattern observed in the phylogeny. Similarity in functional traits is observed for H. maderensis and H. iberica. The two species show leaves with higher specific leaf area (SLA), lower leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and thickness and fruits with lower pulp fraction than the other western polyploid species H. hibernica. Acquisition of a Macaronesian climatic niche and the associated functional syndrome in mainland European ivies (leaves with high SLA, and low LDMC and thickness, and fruits with less pulp content) was a key step in the colonization of Madeira by the H. iberica/H. maderensis lineage, which points to climatic pre-adaptation as key in the success of island colonization (dispersal and establishment). Once in Madeira, budding speciation was driven by geographical isolation, while ecological processes are regarded as secondary forces with a putative impact in the lack of further in situ diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Alonso
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - David Monjas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore G. Medina
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC–UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC–UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC–UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Boo GH, Leliaert F, Le Gall L, Coppejans E, De Clerck O, Van Nguyen T, Payri CE, Miller KA, Yoon HS. Ancient Tethyan Vicariance and Long-Distance Dispersal Drive Global Diversification and Cryptic Speciation in the Red Seaweed Pterocladiella. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849476. [PMID: 35720545 PMCID: PMC9201827 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the globally distributed red algal genus Pterocladiella, comprising 24 described species, many of which are economically important sources of agar and agarose. We used DNA-based species delimitation approaches, phylogenetic, and historical biogeographical analyses to uncover cryptic diversity and infer the drivers of biogeographic patterns. We delimited 43 species in Pterocladiella, of which 19 are undescribed. Our multigene time-calibrated phylogeny and ancestral area reconstruction indicated that Pterocladiella most likely originated during the Early Cretaceous in the Tethys Sea. Ancient Tethyan vicariance and long-distance dispersal have shaped current distribution patterns. The ancestor of Eastern Pacific species likely arose before the formation of the formidable Eastern Pacific Barrier-a first confirmation using molecular data in red algae. Divergences of Northeast and Southeast Pacific species have been driven by the Central American Seaway barrier, which, paradoxically, served as a dispersal pathway for Atlantic species. Both long- and short-distance dispersal scenarios are supported by genetic relationships within cosmopolitan species based on haplotype analysis. Asymmetrical distributions and the predominance of peripatry and sympatry between sister species suggest the importance of budding speciation in Pterocladiella. Our study highlights the underestimation of global diversity in these crucial components of coastal ecosystems and provides evidence for the complex evolution of current species distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Hun Boo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Paris, France
- University Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Frederik Leliaert
- Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
- Phycology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Line Le Gall
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Eric Coppejans
- Phycology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Phycology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tu Van Nguyen
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Claude E. Payri
- UMR Entropie (IRD, Ifremer, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, CNRS), Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Kathy Ann Miller
- University Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hwan Su Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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15
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Hamilton AM, Wessinger CA. Adaptation to lower latitudes and lower elevations precedes the evolution of hummingbird pollination in western North American Penstemon. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1047-1055. [PMID: 35471733 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE A switch in pollinator can occur when a plant lineage enters a new habitat where the ancestral pollinator is less common, and a novel pollinator is more common. Because pollinator communities vary according to environmental tolerances and availability of resources, there may be consistent associations between pollination mode and specific regions and habitats. Such associations can be studied in lineages that have experienced multiple pollinator transitions, representing evolutionary replicates. METHODS Our study focused on a large clade of Penstemon wildflower species in western North America, which has repeatedly evolved hummingbird-adapted flowers from ancestral bee-adapted flowers. For each species, we estimated geographic ranges from occurrence data and inferred environmental niches from climate, topographical, and soil data. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, we investigated whether hummingbird-adapted species occupy distinct geographic regions or habitats relative to bee-adapted species. RESULTS Hummingbird-adapted species occur at lower latitudes and lower elevations than bee-adapted species, resulting in a difference in their environmental niche. Bee-adapted species sister to hummingbird-adapted species are also found in relatively low elevations and latitudes, similar to their hummingbird-adapted sister species, suggesting ecogeographic shifts precede pollinator divergence. Sister species pairs-regardless of whether they differ in pollinator-show relatively little geographic range overlap. CONCLUSIONS Adaptation to a novel pollinator may often occur in geographic and ecological isolation from ancestral populations. The ability of a given lineage to adapt to novel pollinators may critically depend on its ability to colonize regions and habitats associated with novel pollinator communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Hamilton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Carolyn A Wessinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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16
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Sianta SA, Kay KM. Phylogenomic analysis does not support a classic but controversial hypothesis of progenitor-derivative origins for the serpentine endemic Clarkia franciscana. Evolution 2022; 76:1246-1259. [PMID: 35403214 PMCID: PMC9322428 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Budding speciation involves isolation of marginal populations at the periphery of a species range and is thought to be a prominent mode of speciation in organisms with low dispersal and/or strong local adaptation among populations. Budding speciation is typically evidenced by abutting, asymmetric ranges of ecologically divergent sister species and low genetic diversity in putative budded species. Yet these indirect patterns may be unreliable, instead caused by postspeciation processes such as range or demographic shifts. Nested phylogenetic relationships provide the most conclusive evidence of budding speciation. A putative case of budding speciation in the serpentine endemic Clarkia franciscana and two closely related widespread congeners was studied by Harlan Lewis, Peter Raven, Leslie Gottlieb, and others over a 20-year period, yet the origin of C. franciscana remains controversial. Here, we reinvestigate this system with phylogenomic analyses to determine whether C. franciscana is a recently derived budded species, phylogenetically nested within one of the other two putative progenitor species. In contrast to the hypothesized pattern of relatedness among the three Clarkia species, we find no evidence for recent budding speciation. Instead, the data suggest the three species diverged simultaneously. We urge caution in using contemporary range patterns to infer geographic modes of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley A. Sianta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCalifornia95060,Current Address: Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota55108
| | - Kathleen M. Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCalifornia95060
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17
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Yamaguchi R. Intermediate dispersal hypothesis of species diversity: New insights. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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18
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Otero A, Vargas P, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Jiménez-Mejías P, Valcárcel V, Villa-Machío I, Hipp AL. A snapshot of progenitor-derivative speciation in Iberodes (Boraginaceae). Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3192-3209. [PMID: 35390211 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional classification of speciation modes has focused on physical barriers to gene flow. Allopatric speciation with complete reproductive isolation is viewed as the most common mechanism of speciation. Parapatry and sympatry, by contrast, entail speciation in the face of ongoing gene flow, making them more difficult to detect. The genus Iberodes (Boraginaceae, NW Europe) comprises five species with contrasting morphological traits, habitats, and species distributions. Based on the predominance of narrow and geographically distant endemic species, we hypothesized that geographic barriers were responsible for most speciation events in Iberodes. We undertook an integrative study including: (i) phylogenomics through restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, (ii) genetic structure analyses, (iii) demographic modeling, (iv) morphometrics, and (v) climatic niche modeling and niche overlap analysis. Results revealed a history of recurrent progenitor-derivative speciation manifested by a paraphyletic pattern of nested species differentiation. Budding speciation mediated by ecological differentiation is suggested for the coastal lineage, deriving from the inland widespread I. linifolia during Late Pliocene. Meanwhile, geographic isolation followed by niche shifts are suggested for the more recent differentiation of the coastland taxa. Our work provides a model for distinguishing speciation via ecological differentiation of peripheral, narrowly endemic I. kuzinskyanae and I. littoralis from a widespread extant ancestor, I. linifolia. Ultimately, our results illustrate a case of Pliocene speciation in the probable absence of geographic barriers and get away from the traditional cladistic perspective of speciation as producing two species from an extinct ancestor, thus reminding us that phylogenetic trees tell only part of the story.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Otero
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Department of Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. DuSable Lake Shore Dr, 60605, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Villa-Machío
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew L Hipp
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Department of Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. DuSable Lake Shore Dr, 60605, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, 60532, Lisle, Illinois, USA
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19
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Takashina N, Plank MJ, Jenkins CN, Economo EP. Species-range-size distributions: Integrating the effects of speciation, transformation, and extinction. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8341. [PMID: 35127000 PMCID: PMC8796946 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The species-range size distribution is a product of speciation, transformation of range-sizes, and extinction. Previous empirical studies showed that it has a left-skewed lognormal-like distribution. We developed a new mathematical framework to study species-range-size distributions, one in which allopatric speciation, transformation of range size, and the extinction process are explicitly integrated. The approach, which we call the gain-loss-allopatric speciation model, allows us to explore the effects of various speciation scenarios. Our model captures key dynamics thought to lead to known range-size distributions. We also fitted the model to empirical range-size distributions of birds, mammals, and beetles. Since geographic range dynamics are linked to speciation and extinction, our model provides predictions for the dynamics of species richness. When a species-range-size distribution initially evolves away from the range sizes at which the likelihood of speciation is low, it tends to cause diversification slowdown even in the absence of (bio)diversity dependence in speciation rate. Using the mathematical model developed here, we give a potential explanation for how observed range-size distributions emerge from range-size dynamics. Although the framework presented is minimalistic, it provides a starting point for examining hypotheses based on more complex mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Takashina
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOnna‐sonJapan
- Department of International StudiesThe University of TokyoKashiwaJapan
| | - Michael J. Plank
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and Te Pūnaha MatatiniUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Clinton N. Jenkins
- Department of Earth and EnvironmentKimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean CenterFlorida International UniversityMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOnna‐sonJapan
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20
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Gazaix A, Grillas P, Papuga G, Fontes H, Sabatier F, Pons V, Gauthier P, Thompson JD. Ecological niche differentiation among six annual Lythrum species in Mediterranean temporary pools. Oecologia 2021; 197:715-727. [PMID: 34716492 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The ecological niche defines the favourable range of a species in a multidimensional space of ecological factors that determine the presence and function of individuals. This fundamental concept in ecology is widely used to understand plant species coexistence and segregation. In this study, we test for ecological differentiation among six annual Lythrum species that are characteristic of temporary pools in the South of France, where they either coexist or occur separately. We first analysed the co-occurrence of species at two different geographical scales: cluster analyses of species presence in 10 km grid cells and coexistence in 0.25 m2 quadrats within populations of each species. Second, for three to nine populations of each species, we quantified a range of biotic and abiotic parameters using point contacts and soil measurements in five 0.25 m2 quadrats per population. We performed PCA on all variables and analysed each variable separately to compare the ecological niche features of the six species. A phenological index was assessed for the plant community of each site. We detected highly localized niche differentiation in terms of soil pH (all species) and for a range of variables among pairs of species. The six species also showed marked differences in the flowering period relative to the mean and variability of flowering time in their local community. These fine-scaled niche differences are associated with phylogenetic distances among species and may contribute to species' coexistence. These results are integrated in a conservation management plan for the habitat of the rarest species in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gazaix
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Le Sambuc, 13200, Arles, France.
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Patrick Grillas
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Le Sambuc, 13200, Arles, France
| | - Guillaume Papuga
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, CNRS, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugo Fontes
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Le Sambuc, 13200, Arles, France
| | - Florent Sabatier
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Le Sambuc, 13200, Arles, France
| | - Virginie Pons
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - John D Thompson
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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21
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Shay JE, Pennington LK, Mandussi Montiel-Molina JA, Toews DJ, Hendrickson BT, Sexton JP. Rules of Plant Species Ranges: Applications for Conservation Strategies. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.700962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Earth is changing rapidly and so are many plant species’ ranges. Here, we synthesize eco-evolutionary patterns found in plant range studies and how knowledge of species ranges can inform our understanding of species conservation in the face of global change. We discuss whether general biogeographic “rules” are reliable and how they can be used to develop adaptive conservation strategies of native plant species across their ranges. Rules considered include (1) factors that set species range limits and promote range shifts; (2) the impact of biotic interactions on species range limits; (3) patterns of abundance and adaptive properties across species ranges; (4) patterns of gene flow and their implications for genetic rescue, and (5) the relationship between range size and conservation risk. We conclude by summarizing and evaluating potential species range rules to inform future conservation and management decisions. We also outline areas of research to better understand the adaptive capacity of plants under environmental change and the properties that govern species ranges. We advise conservationists to extend their work to specifically consider peripheral and novel populations, with a particular emphasis on small ranges. Finally, we call for a global effort to identify, synthesize, and analyze prevailing patterns or rules in ecology to help speed conservation efforts.
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22
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Cruzan MB, Thompson PG, Diaz NA, Hendrickson EC, Gerloff KR, Kline KA, Machiorlete HM, Persinger JM. Weak coupling among barrier loci and waves of neutral and adaptive introgression across an expanding hybrid zone. Evolution 2021; 75:3098-3114. [PMID: 34668193 PMCID: PMC9298192 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization can serve as an evolutionary stimulus, but we have little understanding of introgression at early stages of hybrid zone formation. We analyze reproductive isolation and introgression between a range‐limited and a widespread species. Reproductive barriers are estimated based on differences in flowering time, ecogeographic distributions, and seed set from crosses. We find an asymmetrical mating barrier due to cytonuclear incompatibility that is consistent with observed clusters of coincident and concordant tension zone clines (barrier loci) for mtDNA haplotypes and nuclear SNPs. These groups of concordant clines are spread across the hybrid zone, resulting in weak coupling among barrier loci and extensive introgression. Neutral clines had nearly equal introgression into both species’ ranges, whereas putative cases of adaptive introgression had exceptionally wide clines with centers shifted toward one species. Analyses of cline shape indicate that secondary contact was initiated within the last 800 generations with the per‐generation dispersal between 200 and 400 m, and provide some of the first estimates of the strength of selection required to account for observed levels of adaptive introgression. The weak species boundary between these species appears to be in early stages of dissolution, and ultimately will precipitate genetic swamping of the range‐limited species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Cruzan
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201
| | - Pamela G Thompson
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201
| | - Nicolas A Diaz
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201
| | | | - Katie R Gerloff
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201
| | - Katie A Kline
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201
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23
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Goff KA, Martinez Del Rio C, Kay KM. A greenhouse experiment partially supports inferences of ecogeographic isolation from niche models of Clarkia sister species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:2002-2014. [PMID: 34661904 PMCID: PMC9298282 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Ecogeographic isolation, or geographic isolation caused by ecological divergence, is thought to be of primary importance in speciation, yet is difficult to demonstrate and quantify. To determine whether distributions are limited by divergent adaptation or historical contingency, the gold standard is to reciprocally transplant species between their geographic ranges. Alternatively, ecogeographic isolation is inferred from species distribution models and niche divergence tests using widely available environmental and occurrence data. METHODS We tested for ecogeographic isolation between two sister species of California annual wildflowers, Clarkia concinna and C. breweri, with a hybrid approach. We used niche models to predict water availability as the major axis of ecological divergence and then tested that with a greenhouse experiment. Specifically, we manipulated water availability in field soils for two populations of each species and predicted higher fitness in conditions representing home habitats to those representing the environment of each's sister species. RESULTS Water availability and soil representing C. concinna generally increased both species' fitness. Thus, water and soil may indeed limit C. concinna from colonizing the range of C. breweri, but not vice versa. We suggest that the competitive environment and pollinator availability, which are not directly captured with either approach, may be key biotic factors correlated with climate that contribute to unexplained ecogeographic isolation for C. breweri. CONCLUSIONS Ours is a valuable approach to assessing ecogeographic isolation, in that it balances feasibility with model validation, and our results have implications for species distribution modeling efforts geared toward predicting climate change responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleb A. Goff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA95060USA
- Present address:
Kaleb A. Goff, Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA
| | | | - Kathleen M. Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA95060USA
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24
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Tovar JD, André T, Wahlert GA, Bohs L, Giacomin LL. Phylogenetics and historical biogeography of Solanum section Brevantherum (Solanaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 162:107195. [PMID: 33962009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of diversification in Neotropical plants have been studied intensively over the past decades. Most studies have focused on groups that migrated to and radiated into the Neotropics, however, with little focus on understanding diversification patterns in indigenous Neotropical groups. This study focuses on Solanum section Brevantherum Seithe (Solanaceae), a group of Neotropical nightshade shrubs or treelets defined mostly by terminal inflorescences with long peduncles, plurifoliate sympodial units and porrect-stellate, dendritic-echinoid, or lepidote trichomes. We generated sequences from two nuclear (ITS, waxy) and one plastid marker (trnT-F) to infer phylogenetic relationships under Bayesian and Maximum likelihood approaches. We reconstructed a time-calibrated tree to estimate both the ages of main splits and the ancestral ranges of the lineages. Finally, we carried out a biogeographic stochastic mapping (BSM) analysis to determine the main processes driving current distributions of the group. Results show the non-monophyly of the section as previously recognized and the homoplasy of morphological characters traditionally used to circumscribe it. Two main clades that encompass most species formerly recognized in section Brevantherum are recovered and named as the Erianthum and Abutiloides clades. Divergence time estimates suggest that the Erianthum and Abutiloides clades split around 5.7 Mya in the upper Miocene. Two main dispersal events from the Atlantic rainforest are supported in the Erianthum clade: one dispersal to Mesoamerica and a second dispersal to the Northern Andes. Within the Abutiloides clade, cladogenetic events were restricted to the Andean region. Our BSM analysis suggests within-area speciation and range expansion as the main processes shaping the extant distribution of species of both clades. As no putative morphological synapomorphies can yet be assigned to what could correspond to a new circumscription of Solanum section Brevantherum (with the exclusion of Solanum bullatum Vell. and inclusion of S. inelegans Rusby and four species described since the group last revision) we discourage the continued use of what would be an ambiguous sectional nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Tovar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, sn, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional De Pesquisas Da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Aleixo, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil.
| | - Thiago André
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, sn, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil
| | - Gregory A Wahlert
- Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Lynn Bohs
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Leandro L Giacomin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, sn, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional De Pesquisas Da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Aleixo, Manaus, AM 69060-001, Brazil
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25
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Hernández-Hernández T, Miller EC, Román-Palacios C, Wiens JJ. Speciation across the Tree of Life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1205-1242. [PMID: 33768723 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of what we know about speciation comes from detailed studies of well-known model systems. Although there have been several important syntheses on speciation, few (if any) have explicitly compared speciation among major groups across the Tree of Life. Here, we synthesize and compare what is known about key aspects of speciation across taxa, including bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and major animal groups. We focus on three main questions. Is allopatric speciation predominant across groups? How common is ecological divergence of sister species (a requirement for ecological speciation), and on what niche axes do species diverge in each group? What are the reproductive isolating barriers in each group? Our review suggests the following patterns. (i) Based on our survey and projected species numbers, the most frequent speciation process across the Tree of Life may be co-speciation between endosymbiotic bacteria and their insect hosts. (ii) Allopatric speciation appears to be present in all major groups, and may be the most common mode in both animals and plants, based on non-overlapping ranges of sister species. (iii) Full sympatry of sister species is also widespread, and may be more common in fungi than allopatry. (iv) Full sympatry of sister species is more common in some marine animals than in terrestrial and freshwater ones. (v) Ecological divergence of sister species is widespread in all groups, including ~70% of surveyed species pairs of plants and insects. (vi) Major axes of ecological divergence involve species interactions (e.g. host-switching) and habitat divergence. (vii) Prezygotic isolation appears to be generally more widespread and important than postzygotic isolation. (viii) Rates of diversification (and presumably speciation) are strikingly different across groups, with the fastest rates in plants, and successively slower rates in animals, fungi, and protists, with the slowest rates in prokaryotes. Overall, our study represents an initial step towards understanding general patterns in speciation across all organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Hernández-Hernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A.,Catedrática CONACYT asignada a LANGEBIO-UGA Cinvestav, Libramiento Norte Carretera León Km 9.6, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth C Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
| | - Cristian Román-Palacios
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
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26
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Grossenbacher D, Makler L, McCarthy M, Fraga N. Abiotic Environment Predicts Micro- but Not Macroevolutionary Patterns of Flower Color in Monkeyflowers (Phrymaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:636133. [PMID: 33841464 PMCID: PMC8030662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.636133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin pigments are responsible for many of the vivid pink, purple, red, and blue flower colors across angiosperms and frequently vary within and between closely related species. While anthocyanins are well known to influence pollinator attraction, they are also associated with tolerance to abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures, reduced precipitation, and ultraviolet radiation. Using a comparative approach, we tested whether abiotic variables predict floral anthocyanin in monkeyflowers (Phrymaceae) across western North America. Within two polymorphic species, we found that abiotic variables predicted flower color across their geographic ranges. In Erythranthe discolor, the frequency of pink flowered (anthocyanin producing) individuals was greater in populations with reduced precipitation. In Diplacus mephiticus, the frequency of pink flowered individuals was greater at higher elevations that had reduced precipitation and lower temperatures but less ultraviolet radiation. At the macroevolutionary scale, across two parallel radiations of North American monkeyflowers, species with floral anthocyanins (pink, purple, or red corollas) occupied areas with reduced precipitation in Erythranthe but not Diplacus. However, after accounting for phylogenetic relatedness, we found no evidence for the joint evolution of flower color and environmental affinity in either clade. We conclude that although abiotic stressors may play a role in the evolution of flower color within polymorphic species, we found no evidence that these processes lead to macroevolutionary patterns across monkeyflowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Grossenbacher
- Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States
| | - Leah Makler
- Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States
| | | | - Naomi Fraga
- California Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA, United States
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27
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Ecological and spatial patterns associated with diversification of South American Physaria (Brassicaceae) through the general concept of species. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Musker SD, Ellis AG, Schlebusch SA, Verboom GA. Niche specificity influences gene flow across fine-scale habitat mosaics in Succulent Karoo plants. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:175-192. [PMID: 33152114 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
While the tempo of diversification in biodiversity hotspots has received much attention, the spatial scale of diversification has often been overlooked. Addressing this deficiency requires understanding the drivers of population divergence and the spatial scales at which they operate in species-rich clades and ecosystems. South Africa's Succulent Karoo (SK) hotspot provides an excellent system for such research, being both compact (ca. 110,000 km2 ) and home to spectacular in-situ radiations, such as the ruschioid Aizoaceae. Here we use GBS to document genetic structure in two co-occurring ruschioid species, at both coarse (>10 km) and fine (<500 m) spatial scales. Where Ruschia burtoniae shows strong between-population genetic differentiation and no gene flow, Conophytum calculus shows weak differentiation, with high levels of admixture suggesting recent or ongoing gene flow. Community analysis and transplant experiments reveal that R. burtoniae occupies a narrow, low-pH edaphic niche, and at scales of a few hundred metres, areas of elevated genetic turnover correspond to patches of edaphically unsuitable habitat. In contrast, C. calculus occupies a broader niche and exhibits isolation-by-distance without a habitat effect. We suggest that edaphic specialisation, coupled with highly restricted seed and pollen dispersal in heterogeneous landscapes, has played a major role in driving rapid diversification at small spatial scales in this system. However, the contrasting patterns in our study species show that these factors do not influence all organisms uniformly, being strongly modulated by lineage-specific traits that influence both the spatial scale of gene flow and habitat specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Musker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.,Department of Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Allan G Ellis
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Stephen A Schlebusch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - G Anthony Verboom
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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29
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Bisbing SM, Urza AK, Buma BJ, Cooper DJ, Matocq M, Angert AL. Can long‐lived species keep pace with climate change? Evidence of local persistence potential in a widespread conifer. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Bisbing
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science Program in Ecology, Evolution, & Conservation Biology University of Nevada ‐ Reno Reno NV USA
| | - Alexandra K. Urza
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science Program in Ecology, Evolution, & Conservation Biology University of Nevada ‐ Reno Reno NV USA
- Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service Reno NV USA
| | - Brian J. Buma
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Colorado Denver CO USA
| | - David J. Cooper
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship & Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Marjorie Matocq
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science Program in Ecology, Evolution, & Conservation Biology University of Nevada ‐ Reno Reno NV USA
| | - Amy L. Angert
- Departments of Botany and Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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30
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Vargas OM, Goldston B, Grossenbacher DL, Kay KM. Patterns of speciation are similar across mountainous and lowland regions for a Neotropical plant radiation (Costaceae: Costus). Evolution 2020; 74:2644-2661. [PMID: 33047821 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High species richness and endemism in tropical mountains are recognized as major contributors to the latitudinal diversity gradient. The processes underlying mountain speciation, however, are largely untested. The prevalence of steep ecogeographic gradients and the geographic isolation of populations by topographic features are predicted to promote speciation in mountains. We evaluate these processes in a species-rich Neotropical genus of understory herbs that range from the lowlands to montane forests and have higher species richness in topographically complex regions. We ask whether climatic niche divergence, geographic isolation, and pollination shifts differ between mountain-influenced and lowland Amazonian sister pairs inferred from a 756-gene phylogeny. Neotropical Costus ancestors diverged in Central America during a period of mountain formation in the last 3 million years with later colonization of Amazonia. Although climatic divergence, geographic isolation, and pollination shifts are prevalent in general, these factors do not differ between mountain-influenced and Amazonian sister pairs. Despite higher climatic niche and species diversity in the mountains, speciation modes in Costus appear similar across regions. Thus, greater species richness in tropical mountains may reflect differences in colonization history, diversification rates, or the prevalence of rapidly evolving plant life forms, rather than differences in speciation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Vargas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95060.,Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, 95521
| | - Brittany Goldston
- Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93401
| | - Dena L Grossenbacher
- Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93401
| | - Kathleen M Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95060
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31
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Sheth SN, Morueta-Holme N, Angert AL. Determinants of geographic range size in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:650-665. [PMID: 31901139 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Geographic range size has long fascinated ecologists and evolutionary biologists, yet our understanding of the factors that cause variation in range size among species and across space remains limited. Not only does geographic range size inform decisions about the conservation and management of rare and nonindigenous species due to its relationship with extinction risk, rarity, and invasiveness, but it also provides insights into fundamental processes such as dispersal and adaptation. There are several features unique to plants (e.g. polyploidy, mating system, sessile habit) that may lead to distinct mechanisms explaining variation in range size. Here, we highlight key studies testing intrinsic and extrinsic hypotheses about geographic range size under contrasting scenarios where species' ranges are static or change over time. We then present results from a meta-analysis of the relative importance of commonly hypothesized determinants of range size in plants. We show that our ability to infer the relative importance of these determinants is limited, particularly for dispersal ability, mating system, ploidy, and environmental heterogeneity. We highlight avenues for future research that merge approaches from macroecology and evolutionary ecology to better understand how adaptation and dispersal interact to facilitate niche evolution and range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Nayan Sheth
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Naia Morueta-Holme
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy L Angert
- Departments of Botany and Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 3520-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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32
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Weng YM, Veire BM, Dudko RY, Medeiros MJ, Kavanaugh DH, Schoville SD. Rapid speciation and ecological divergence into North American alpine habitats: the Nippononebria (Coleoptera: Carabidae) species complex. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The climate-driven species pump hypothesis has been supported in a number of phylogeographic studies of alpine species. Climate-driven shifts in distribution, coupled with rapid demographic change, have led to strong genetic drift and lineage diversification. Although the species pump has been linked to rapid speciation in a number of studies, few studies have demonstrated that ecological divergence accompanies rapid speciation. Here we examine genetic, morphological and physiological variation in members of the ground beetle taxon Nippononebria, to test three competing hypotheses of evolutionary diversification: isolation and incomplete lineage sorting (no speciation), recent speciation without ecological divergence, or recent speciation with ecological divergence into alpine habitats. Genetic data are consistent with recent divergence, with major lineages forming in the last million years. A species tree analysis, in conjunction with morphological divergence in male reproductive traits, support the formation of three recognized Nippononebria taxa. Furthermore, both morphological and physiological traits demonstrate ecological divergence in alpine lineages, with convergent shifts in body shape and thermal tolerance breadth. This provides strong evidence that the climate-driven species pump can generate ecological novelty, though it is argued that spatial scale may be a key determinant of broader patterns of macroevolution in alpine communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Weng
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benton M Veire
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Roman Yu Dudko
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Matthew J Medeiros
- Urban School of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - David H Kavanaugh
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean D Schoville
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Grant AG, Kalisz S. Do selfing species have greater niche breadth? Support from ecological niche modeling. Evolution 2019; 74:73-88. [PMID: 31707744 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We explore the relationship between plant mating system (selfing or outcrossing) and niche breadth to gain new insights into processes that drive species distributions. Using a comparative approach with highly selfing versus highly outcrossing sister species, we test the extent to which: (1) species pairs have evolved significant niche divergence and less niche overlap, (2) selfers have wider niche breadths than outcrossers or vice versa, and (3) niches of selfers and outcrossers are defined by significant differences in environmental variables. We applied predictive ecological niche modeling approaches to estimate and contrast niche divergence, overlap and breadth, and to identify key environmental variables associated with each species' niche for seven sister species with divergent mating systems. Data from 4862 geo-referenced herbarium occurrence records were compiled for 14 species in Collinsia and Tonella (Plantaginaceae) and 19 environmental variables associated with each record. We found sister species display significant niche divergence, though not as a function of divergence time, and overall, selfers have significantly wider niche breadths compared to their outcrossing sisters. Our results suggest that a selfing mating system likely contributes to the greater capacity to reach, reproduce, establish, and adapt to new habitats, which increases niche breadth of selfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alannie-Grace Grant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37916
| | - Susan Kalisz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37916
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Arnal P, Coeur d'acier A, Favret C, Godefroid M, Qiao G, Jousselin E, Sanchez Meseguer A. The evolution of climate tolerance in conifer-feeding aphids in relation to their host's climatic niche. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11657-11671. [PMID: 31695876 PMCID: PMC6822038 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate adaptation has major consequences in the evolution and ecology of all living organisms. Though phytophagous insects are an important component of Earth's biodiversity, there are few studies investigating the evolution of their climatic preferences. This lack of research is probably because their evolutionary ecology is thought to be primarily driven by their interactions with their host plants. Here, we use a robust phylogenetic framework and species-level distribution data for the conifer-feeding aphid genus Cinara to investigate the role of climatic adaptation in the diversity and distribution patterns of these host-specialized insects. Insect climate niches were reconstructed at a macroevolutionary scale, highlighting that climate niche tolerance is evolutionarily labile, with closely related species exhibiting strong climatic disparities. This result may suggest repeated climate niche differentiation during the evolutionary diversification of Cinara. Alternatively, it may merely reflect the use of host plants that occur in disparate climatic zones, and thus, in reality the aphid species' fundamental climate niches may actually be similar but broad. Comparisons of the aphids' current climate niches with those of their hosts show that most Cinara species occupy the full range of the climatic tolerance exhibited by their set of host plants, corroborating the hypothesis that the observed disparity in Cinara species' climate niches can simply mirror that of their hosts. However, 29% of the studied species only occupy a subset of their hosts' climatic zone, suggesting that some aphid species do indeed have their own climatic limitations. Our results suggest that in host-specialized phytophagous insects, host associations cannot always adequately describe insect niches and abiotic factors must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Arnal
- CBGPINRACIRADIRDMontpellier SupAgroUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleCNRSEPHESorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | | | - Colin Favret
- Department of Biological SciencesBiodiversity CentreUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Martin Godefroid
- CBGPINRACIRADIRDMontpellier SupAgroUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Ge‐Xia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Andrea Sanchez Meseguer
- CBGPINRACIRADIRDMontpellier SupAgroUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- CNRSUMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (ISEM)Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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35
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Christie K, Strauss SY. Reproductive isolation and the maintenance of species boundaries in two serpentine endemic Jewelflowers. Evolution 2019; 73:1375-1391. [PMID: 31152435 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Speciation occurs when reproductive barriers substantially reduce gene flow between lineages. Understanding how specific barriers contribute to reproductive isolation offers insight into the initial forces driving divergence and the evolutionary and ecological processes responsible for maintaining diversity. Here, we quantified multiple pre- and post-pollination isolating barriers in a pair of closely related California Jewelflowers (Streptanthus, Brassicaceae) living in an area of sympatry. S. breweri and S. hesperidis are restricted to similar serpentine habitats; however, populations are spatially isolated at fine-scales and rarely co-occur in intermixed stands. Several intrinsic postzygotic barriers were among the strongest we quantified, yet, postzygotic barriers currently contribute little to overall reproductive isolation due to the cumulative strength of earlier-acting extrinsic barriers, including spatial isolation, and flowering time and pollinator differences. Data from multiple years suggest that pre-pollination barriers may have different strengths depending on annual environmental conditions. Similarly, crossing data suggest that the strength of intrinsic isolation may vary among different population pairs. Estimates of total reproductive isolation in S. breweri and S. hesperidis are robust to uncertainty and variability in individual barrier strength estimates, demonstrating how multiple barriers can act redundantly to prevent gene flow between close relatives living in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Christie
- UC Davis Department of Evolution and Ecology, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Sharon Y Strauss
- UC Davis Department of Evolution and Ecology, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
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Barrabé L, Lavergne S, Karnadi-Abdelkader G, Drew BT, Birnbaum P, Gâteblé G. Changing Ecological Opportunities Facilitated the Explosive Diversification of New Caledonian Oxera (Lamiaceae). Syst Biol 2019; 68:460-481. [PMID: 30365031 PMCID: PMC6472440 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenies recurrently demonstrate that oceanic island systems have been home to rapid clade diversification and adaptive radiations. The existence of adaptive radiations posits a central role of natural selection causing ecological divergence and speciation, and some plant radiations have been highlighted as paradigmatic examples of such radiations. However, neutral processes may also drive speciation during clade radiations, with ecological divergence occurring following speciation. Here, we document an exceptionally rapid and unique radiation of Lamiaceae within the New Caledonian biodiversity hotspot. Specifically, we investigated various biological, ecological, and geographical drivers of species diversification within the genus Oxera. We found that Oxera underwent an initial process of rapid cladogenesis likely triggered by a dramatic period of aridity during the early Pliocene. This early diversification of Oxera was associated with an important phase of ecological diversification triggered by significant shifts of pollination syndromes, dispersal modes, and life forms. Finally, recent diversification of Oxera appears to have been further driven by the interplay of allopatry and habitat shifts likely related to climatic oscillations. This suggests that Oxera could be regarded as an adaptive radiation at an early evolutionary stage that has been obscured by more recent joint habitat diversification and neutral geographical processes. Diversification within Oxera has perhaps been triggered by varied ecological and biological drivers acting in a leapfrog pattern, but geographic processes may have been an equally important driver. We suspect that strictly adaptive radiations may be rare in plants and that most events of rapid clade diversification may have involved a mixture of geographical and ecological divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Barrabé
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Equipes ARBOREAL and SOLVEG, BP 711, Mont-Dore 98810, New Caledonia.,Endemia, Plant Red List Authority, 7 rue Pierre Artigue, Nouméa 98800, New Caledonia
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5553, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Giliane Karnadi-Abdelkader
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Equipes ARBOREAL and SOLVEG, BP 711, Mont-Dore 98810, New Caledonia
| | - Bryan T Drew
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Philippe Birnbaum
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Equipes ARBOREAL and SOLVEG, BP 711, Mont-Dore 98810, New Caledonia.,UMR AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Gildas Gâteblé
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Equipes ARBOREAL and SOLVEG, BP 711, Mont-Dore 98810, New Caledonia
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37
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Salariato DL, Acosta JM, Cialdella AM. Ecological and Spatial Patterns Associated with Diversification of the Shrub Genus Tetraglochin along Southern-Central Andes (Rosaceae). Evol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-019-09472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Skeels A, Cardillo M. Reconstructing the Geography of Speciation from Contemporary Biodiversity Data. Am Nat 2019; 193:240-255. [DOI: 10.1086/701125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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39
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Klimov PB, Skoracki M, Bochkov AV. Cox1 barcoding versus multilocus species delimitation: validation of two mite species with contrasting effective population sizes. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:8. [PMID: 30611284 PMCID: PMC6321676 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cox1-barcoding approach is currently extensively used for high-throughput species delimitation and discovery. However, this method has several limitations, particularly when organisms have large effective population sizes. Paradoxically, most common, abundant, and widely distributed species may be misclassified by this technique. RESULTS We conducted species delimitation analyses for two host-specific lineages of scab mites of the genus Caparinia, having small population sizes. Cox1 divergence between these lineages was high (7.4-7.8%) while that of nuclear genes was low (0.06-0.53%). This system was contrasted with the medically important American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, a globally distributed species with very large population size. This species has two distinct, sympatric cox1 lineages with 4.2% divergence. We tested several species delimitation algorithms PTP, GMYC, ABGD, BPP, STACEY and PHRAPL, which inferred different species boundaries for these entities. Notably, STACEY recovered the Caparinia lineages as two species and D. farinae as a single species. BPP agreed with these results when the prior on ancestral effective population sizes was set to expected values, although delimitation of Caparinia was still equivocal. No other cox1 species delimitation algorithms inferred D. farinae as a single species, despite the fact that the nuclear CPW2 gene shows some evidence for introgression between the cox1 groups. This indicates that the cox1-barcoding approach may result in excessive species splitting. CONCLUSIONS Our research highlights the importance of using nuclear genes and demographic characteristics to infer species boundaries rather than relying on a single-gene barcoding approach, particularly for putative species having large effective population sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel B. Klimov
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108 USA
- Tyumen State University, 10 Semakova Str, 625003 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Maciej Skoracki
- Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 60-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andre V. Bochkov
- Tyumen State University, 10 Semakova Str, 625003 Tyumen, Russia
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
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40
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Santos Júnior JE, Silveira FA, Oliveira U, Dias CAR, Santos FR. Conservation and historical distribution of two bumblebee species from the Atlantic Forest. SYST BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1530313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José E. Santos Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia and Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Silveira
- Departamento de Zoologia and Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Oliveira
- Centro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cayo A. Rocha Dias
- Departamento de Zoologia and Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabrício R. Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia and Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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41
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Li Q, Grossenbacher DL, Angert AL. The effect of range overlap on ecological niche divergence depends on spatial scale in monkeyflowers. Evolution 2018; 72:2100-2113. [PMID: 30094835 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of niche divergence and geographical range overlap of closely related species provide insights into the evolutionary dynamics of ecological niches. When ranges overlap, shared selective pressures may preserve niche similarity along coarse-scale macrohabitat axes (e.g., bioclimates). Alternatively, competitive interactions may drive greater divergence along local-scale microhabitat axes (e.g., micro-topographical features). We tested these hypotheses in 16 species pairs of western North American monkeyflowers (Erythranthe and Diplacus, formerly Mimulus) with estimations of species' niches, geographic ranges, and a robust phylogeny. We found that macrohabitat niche divergence decreased with increasing range overlap, consistent with convergent selection operating at a coarse scale. No significant relationship was detected for microhabitat niches. Additionally, niche divergence was greater for recently diverged pairs along all macrohabitat niche axes, but greater for distantly diverged pairs along one microhabitat axis related to vegetation cover. For species pairs with partially overlapping ranges, greater microhabitat divergence was detected in sympatry than in allopatry for at least one niche axis for three of four pairs, consistent with character displacement in sympatry. Thus, coarse- and local-scale niche divergence show dissimilar patterns in relation to range overlap and divergence time, perhaps because the relative importance of convergent versus divergent selection depends on spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dena L Grossenbacher
- Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Amy L Angert
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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42
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Pantoja PO, Paine CET, Vallejo-Marín M. Natural selection and outbreeding depression suggest adaptive differentiation in the invasive range of a clonal plant. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181091. [PMID: 30051824 PMCID: PMC6053932 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of phenotypic selection and demography in field populations are powerful ways to establishing the potential role of natural selection in shaping evolution during biological invasions. Here we use experimental F2 crosses between native and introduced populations of Mimulus guttatus to estimate the pattern of natural selection in part of its introduced range, and to seek evidence of outbreeding depression of colonists. The F2s combined the genome of an introduced population with the genome of either native or introduced populations. We found that the introduced × introduced cross had the fastest population growth rate owing to increased winter survival, clonality and seed production. Our analysis also revealed that selection through sexual fitness favoured large floral displays, large vegetative and flower size, lateral spread and early flowering. Our results indicate a source-of-origin effect, consistent with outbreeding depression exposed by mating between introduced and native populations. Our findings suggest that well-established non-native populations may pay a high fitness cost during subsequent bouts of admixture with native populations, and reveal that processes such as local adaptation in the invasive range can mediate the fitness consequences of admixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline O Pantoja
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - C E Timothy Paine
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Mario Vallejo-Marín
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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43
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Kay KM, Woolhouse S, Smith BA, Pope NS, Rajakaruna N. Sympatric serpentine endemic
Monardella
(Lamiaceae) species maintain habitat differences despite hybridization. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2302-2316. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz California
| | - Suzie Woolhouse
- Department of Biological Sciences San José State University San José California
| | - Brett A. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz California
| | - Nathaniel S. Pope
- Department of Integrative Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas
| | - Nishanta Rajakaruna
- Biological Sciences Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
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44
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Christie K, Strauss SY. Along the speciation continuum: Quantifying intrinsic and extrinsic isolating barriers across five million years of evolutionary divergence in California jewelflowers. Evolution 2018; 72:1063-1079. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Christie
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616
| | - Sharon Y. Strauss
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616
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45
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Sexton JP, Montiel J, Shay JE, Stephens MR, Slatyer RA. Evolution of Ecological Niche Breadth. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-023003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
How ecological niche breadth evolves is central to adaptation and speciation and has been a topic of perennial interest. Niche breadth evolution research has occurred within environmental, ecological, evolutionary, and biogeographical contexts, and although some generalities have emerged, critical knowledge gaps exist. Performance breadth trade-offs, although long invoked, may not be common determinants of niche breadth evolution or limits. Niche breadth can expand or contract from specialist or generalist lineages, and so specialization need not be an evolutionary dead end. Whether niche breadth determines diversification and distribution breadth and how niche breadth is partitioned among individuals and populations within a species are important but particularly understudied topics. Molecular genetic and phylogenetic techniques have greatly expanded understanding of niche breadth evolution, but field studies of how niche breadth evolves are essential for providing mechanistic details and allowing the development of comprehensive theory and improved prediction of biological responses under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Sexton
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343
| | - Jorge Montiel
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343
| | - Jackie E. Shay
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343
| | - Molly R. Stephens
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343
| | - Rachel A. Slatyer
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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46
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Dixon AL, Busch JW. Common garden test of range limits as predicted by a species distribution model in the annual plant Mimulus bicolor. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2017; 104:817-827. [PMID: 28645920 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Direct tests of a species distribution model (SDM) were used to evaluate the hypothesis that the northern and southern edges of Mimulus bicolor's geographical range are limited by temperature and precipitation. METHODS Climatic suitability was predicted using an SDM informed only by temperature and precipitation variables. These predictions were tested by growing plants in growth chambers with temperature and watering treatments informed by weather stations characteristic of environments at the geographic center, edges, and outside the range. An Aster analysis was used to assess whether treatments significantly affected lifetime flower production and to test for local adaptation. The relationship between climatic suitability and lifetime flower number in the growth chambers was also evaluated. KEY RESULTS The temperature and watering treatments significantly affected lifetime flower number, although local adaptation was not detected. Flower production was significantly lower under the two edge treatments compared to the central treatment. While no flowers were produced under the beyond-south treatments, flower production was greatest under the beyond-north treatment. These results suggest a hard abiotic limit at the southern edge, and suitable temperature and precipitation conditions beyond the northern edge. While predicted climatic suitability was significantly lower at the range edges, there was no correlation between the climatic suitability of the weather stations' locations and flower production. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that temperature and precipitation play a significant role in defining the distribution of M. bicolor, but also indicate that dispersal limitation or metapopulation dynamics are likely important factors restricting access to habitable sites beyond the northern range limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Dixon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Jeremiah W Busch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, Washington 99164
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47
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Fernández M, Ezcurra C, Calviño CI. Species limits and morphometric and environmental variation within the South Andean and Patagonian Mulinum spinosum species-group (Apiaceae-Azorelloideae). SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2016.1273975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Ezcurra
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Carolina I. Calviño
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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48
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Hsiung HY, Huang BH, Chang JT, Huang YM, Huang CW, Liao PC. Local Climate Heterogeneity Shapes Population Genetic Structure of Two Undifferentiated Insular Scutellaria Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:159. [PMID: 28239386 PMCID: PMC5301026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial climate heterogeneity may not only affect adaptive gene frequencies but could also indirectly shape the genetic structure of neutral loci by impacting demographic dynamics. In this study, the effect of local climate on population genetic variation was tested in two phylogenetically close Scutellaria species in Taiwan. Scutellaria taipeiensis, which was originally assumed to be an endemic species of Taiwan Island, is shown to be part of the widespread species S. barbata based on the overlapping ranges of genetic variation and climatic niches as well as their morphological similarity. Rejection of the scenario of "early divergence with secondary contact" and the support for multiple origins of populations of S. taipeiensis from S. barbata provide strong evolutionary evidence for a taxonomic revision of the species combination. Further tests of a climatic effect on genetic variation were conducted. Regression analyses show nonlinear correlations among any pair of geographic, climatic, and genetic distances. However, significantly, the bioclimatic variables that represent the precipitation from late summer to early autumn explain roughly 13% of the genetic variation of our sampled populations. These results indicate that spatial differences of precipitation in the typhoon season may influence the regeneration rate and colonization rate of local populations. The periodic typhoon episodes explain the significant but nonlinear influence of climatic variables on population genetic differentiation. Although, the climatic difference does not lead to species divergence, the local climate variability indeed impacts the spatial genetic distribution at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yi Hsiung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hong Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tse Chang
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Moan Huang
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research InstituteTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
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49
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Levin DA, Scarpino SV. On the young age of intraspecific herbaceous taxa. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1513-1520. [PMID: 27726173 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dated phylogenies rarely include the divergence times of sister intraspecific taxa, and when they do little is said about this subject. We show that over 90% of the intraspecific plant taxa found in a literature search are estimated to be 5 million yr old or younger, with only 4% of taxa estimated to be over 10 million yr old or older. A Bayesian analysis of intraspecific taxon ages indicates that indeed these taxa are expected to be < 10 million yr old. This result for the young age of intraspecific taxa is consistent with the earlier observation that post-pollination reproductive barriers develop between 5 and 10 million yr after lineage splitting, thus leading to species formation. If lineages have not graduated to the species level of divergence by 10 million yr or so, they are likely to have gone extinct by that time as a result of narrow geographical distributions, narrow niche breadths, and relatively small numbers across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Levin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713, USA
| | - Samuel V Scarpino
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
- Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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50
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Soltis DE, Visger CJ, Marchant DB, Soltis PS. Polyploidy: Pitfalls and paths to a paradigm. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:1146-66. [PMID: 27234228 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Investigators have long searched for a polyploidy paradigm-rules or principles that might be common following polyploidization (whole-genome duplication, WGD). Here we attempt to integrate what is known across the more thoroughly investigated polyploid systems on topics ranging from genetics to ecology. We found that while certain rules may govern gene retention and loss, systems vary in the prevalence of gene silencing vs. homeolog loss, chromosomal change, the presence of a dominant genome (in allopolyploids), and the relative importance of hybridization vs. genome doubling per se. In some lineages, aspects of polyploidization are repeated across multiple origins, but in other species multiple origins behave more stochastically in terms of genetic and phenotypic change. Our investigation also reveals that the path to synthesis is hindered by numerous gaps in our knowledge of even the best-known systems. Particularly concerning is the absence of linkage between genotype and phenotype. Moreover, most recent studies have focused on the genetic and genomic attributes of polyploidy, but rarely is there an ecological or physiological context. To promote a path to a polyploidy paradigm (or paradigms), we propose a major community goal over the next 10-20 yr to fill the gaps in our knowledge of well-studied polyploids. Before a meaningful synthesis is possible, more complete data sets are needed for comparison-systems that include comparable genetic, genomic, chromosomal, proteomic, as well as morphological, physiological, and ecological data. Also needed are more natural evolutionary model systems, as most of what we know about polyploidy continues to come from a few crop and genetic models, systems that often lack the ecological context inherent in natural systems and necessary for understanding the drivers of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608 USA
| | - Clayton J Visger
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA
| | - D Blaine Marchant
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608 USA
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