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Hao DL, Zhou JY, Qu J, Lu HL, Li L, Yao X, Chen JB, Liu JX, Guo HL, Zong JQ. Screening of environmental stimuli for the positive regulation of stomatal aperture in centipedegrass. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108838. [PMID: 38878388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Grasslands, the largest carbon pool in China, possess enormous potential for carbon sequestration. Increasing the stomatal aperture to increase the CO2 absorption capacity is a potential method to improve plant photosynthetic efficiency and ultimately enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of grass plants. Research on stomatal aperture regulation has focused mostly on Arabidopsis or crops, while research on grass plants in these areas is scarce, which seriously restricts the implementation of this grassland carbon sequestration strategy. Here, a widely used ecological grass, centipedegrass, was used as the experimental material. First, a convenient method for observing the stomatal aperture was developed. The leaves were floated in a potassium ion-containing open solution (67 mM KCl, pH 6.0) with the adaxial surface rather than the abaxial surface in contact with the solution and were cultivated under light for 1.5 h. Then, nail polish was applied on the adaxial surface, and a large number of open stomata were imprinted. Second, with the help of this improved method, the concentration‒response characteristics of the stomatal aperture to eleven environmental stimuli were tested. The stomatal aperture is dependent on these environmental stimuli in a concentration-dependent manner. The addition of 100 μM brassinolide led to the maximal stomatal aperture. This study provided a technical basis for manipulating stomatal opening to increase the carbon sequestration capacity of centipedegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Li Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhou
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong, 212400, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Hai-Long Lu
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ling Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiang Yao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jing-Bo Chen
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jian-Xiu Liu
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hai-Lin Guo
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Jun-Qin Zong
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Wakatsuki H, Takimoto T, Ishigooka Y, Nishimori M, Sakata M, Saida N, Akagi K, Makowski D, Hasegawa T. A dataset for analyzing the climate change response of grain quality of 48 Japanese rice cultivars with contrasting levels of heat tolerance. Data Brief 2024; 54:110352. [PMID: 38595907 PMCID: PMC11002842 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change has a significant impact on rice grain appearance quality; in particular, high temperatures during the grain filling period increase the rate of chalky immature grains, reducing the marketability of rice. Heat-tolerant cultivars have been bred and released to reduce the rate of chalky grain and improve rice quality under high temperatures, but the ability of these cultivars to actually reduce chalky grain content has never been demonstrated due to the lack of integrated datasets. Here, we present a dataset collected through a systematic literature search from publicly available data sources, for the quantitative analysis of the impact of meteorological factors on grain appearance quality of various rice cultivars with contrasted heat tolerance levels. The dataset contains 1302 field observations of chalky grain rates (%) - a critical trait affecting grain appearance sensitive to temperature shocks - for 48 cultivars covering five different heat-tolerant ranks (HTRs) collected at 44 sites across Japan. The dataset also includes the values of key meteorological variables during the grain filling period, such as the cumulative mean air temperature above the threshold temperature (TaHD), mean solar radiation, and mean relative humidity over 20 days after heading, obtained from a gridded daily meteorological dataset with a 1-km resolution developed by the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. The dataset covers major commercial rice cultivars cultivated in Japan in different environmental conditions. It is a useful resource for analyzing the climate change impact on crop quality and assess the effectiveness of genetic improvements in heat tolerance. Its value has been illustrated in the research article entitled "Effectiveness of heat tolerance rice cultivars in preserving grain appearance quality under high temperatures - A meta-analysis", where the dataset was used to develop a statistical model quantifying the effects of high temperature on grain quality as a function of cultivar heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Wakatsuki
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takimoto
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | | | - Motoki Nishimori
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Mototaka Sakata
- Kochi Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku 783-0023, Japan
| | - Naoya Saida
- Kochi Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku 783-0023, Japan
| | - Kosuke Akagi
- Kochi Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku 783-0023, Japan
| | - David Makowski
- Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (MIA-PS), INRAE AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
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Sharma S, Raviteja DH, Kumar T, Bindraban PS, Pandey R. Nutrient remobilization and C:N:P stoichiometry in response to elevated CO 2 and low phosphorus availability in rice cultivars introgressed with and without Pup1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108657. [PMID: 38670030 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The continuously rising atmospheric CO2 concentration potentially increase plant growth through stimulating C metabolism; however, plant C:N:P stoichiometry in response to elevated CO2 (eCO2) under low P stress remains largely unknown. We investigated the combined effect of eCO2 and low phosphorus on growth, yield, C:N:P stoichiometry, and remobilization in rice cv. Kasalath (aus type), IR64 (a mega rice variety), and IR64-Pup1 (Pup1 QTL introgressed IR64). In response to eCO2 and low P, the C accumulation increased significantly (particularly at anthesis stage) while N and P concentration decreased leading to higher C:N and C:P ratios in all plant components (leaf, sheath, stem, and grain) than ambient CO2. The remobilization efficiencies of N and P were also reduced under low P with eCO2 as compared to control conditions. Among cultivars, the combined effect of eCO2 and low P was greater in IR64-Pup1 and produced higher biomass and grain yield as compared to IR64. However, IR64-Pup1 exhibited a lower N but higher P concentration than IR64, indicating that the Pup1 QTL improved P uptake but did not influence N uptake. Our study suggests that the P availability along with eCO2 would alter the C:N:P ratios due to their differential partitioning, thereby affecting growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sharma
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - D H Raviteja
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India; Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Prem S Bindraban
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL, 35662, USA
| | - Renu Pandey
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Wu G, Hou Q, Zhan M, Zhang H, Lv X, Xu Y. Metabolome regulation and restoration mechanism of different varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) after lindane stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169839. [PMID: 38184248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of studies on the ability of plants to metabolize chlorinated organic pollutants (COPs) and the dynamic expression changes of metabolic molecules during degradation. In this study, hybrid rice Chunyou 927 (CY) and Zhongzheyou 8 (ZZY), traditional rice subsp. Indica Baohan 1 (BH) and Xiangzaoxian 45 (XZX), and subsp. Japonica Yangjing 687 (YJ) and Longjing 31 (LJ) were stressed by a typical COPs of lindane and then transferred to a lindane-free culture to incubate for 9 days. The cumulative concentrations in the roots of BH, XZX, CY, ZZY, YJ and LJ were 71.46, 65.42, 82.06, 80.11, 47.59 and 56.10 mg·kg-1, respectively. And the degradation ratios on day 9 were 87.89 %, 86.92 %, 94.63 %, 95.49 %, 72.04 % and 82.79 %, respectively. On the 0 day after the release of lindane stress, the accumulated lindane inhibited the normal physiological activities of rice by affecting lipid metabolism in subsp. Indica BH, amino acid metabolism and synthesis and nucleotide metabolism in hybrid CY. Carbohydrate metabolism of subsp. Japonica YJ also was inhibited, but with low accumulation of lindane, YJ regulated amino acid metabolism to resist stress. With the degradation of lindane in rice, the amino acid metabolism of BH and CY, which had high degradation ratios on day 9, was activated to compound biomolecules required for the organism to recover from the damage. Amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were disturbed and inhibited mainly in YJ with low degradation ratios. This study provides the difference of the metabolic capacity of the metabolic capacity of different rice varieties to lindane, and changes at the molecular level and metabolic response mechanism of rice during the metabolism of lindane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Hou
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengqi Zhan
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaofei Lv
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Vanaja M, Sarkar B, Sathish P, Jyothi Lakshmi N, Yadav SK, Mohan C, Sushma A, Yashavanth BS, Srinivasa Rao M, Prabhakar M, Singh VK. Elevated CO 2 ameliorates the high temperature stress effects on physio-biochemical, growth, yield traits of maize hybrids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2928. [PMID: 38316909 PMCID: PMC10844601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising temperatures and levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are anticipated to have a significant impact on the productivity of agricultural crops. Although, the individual effects of elevated CO2 and temperature have been extensively studied in C3 and C4 crops, there remains a scarcity of research investigating their interactive effects specifically on maize hybrids. The impact of elevated temperature and its interaction with elevated CO2 on phenology, physiology, biomass, and grain yield of maize hybrids was assessed in a field experiment using Free Air Temperature Elevation (FATE) facility. The results showed that elevated temperature (eT) increased the anthesis silking interval (ASI), while the presence of elevated CO2 along with elevated temperature (eT + eCO2) mitigated this effect. The differential expression were observed between hybrids depending on their genetic potential. Furthermore, the net photosynthetic rate (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of hybrids decreased under elevated temperature but eT + eCO2 condition helped in reverting its impact to some extent. In term of leaf composition, the highest level of total soluble sugars (TSS) and starch was observed under eT + eCO2 conditions, possibly due to improved Anet in the presence of elevated eCO2. The negative impact of eT was also evident through increased proline and MDA content, but eT + eCO2 ameliorated the adverse effect of eT. The biomass and grain yield also responded similarly, among the hybrids 900M GOLD recorded superior performance for grain yield at eT condition exceeding 35 °C. On the other hand, DHM117 experienced a significant reduction in grain yield under eT, but performed better under eT + eCO2 due to its improved physiological response to eCO2. The study indicated that elevated levels of carbon dioxide can actually mitigate the detrimental effects of elevated temperature on maize crop. This positive impact on maize crop can be attributed to an enhanced physiological performance in the presence of eCO2 which enables the plants to maintain satisfactory yield levels despite the challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vanaja
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - B Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India.
| | - P Sathish
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - N Jyothi Lakshmi
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - S K Yadav
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - Ch Mohan
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - A Sushma
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - B S Yashavanth
- ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Srinivasa Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - M Prabhakar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
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Bernacchi CJ, Ruiz-Vera UM, Siebers MH, DeLucia NJ, Ort DR. Short- and long-term warming events on photosynthetic physiology, growth, and yields of field grown crops. Biochem J 2023; 480:999-1014. [PMID: 37418286 PMCID: PMC10422931 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Global temperatures are rising from increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere associated with anthropogenic activities. Global warming includes a warmer shift in mean temperatures as well as increases in the probability of extreme heating events, termed heat waves. Despite the ability of plants to cope with temporal variations in temperature, global warming is increasingly presenting challenges to agroecosystems. The impact of warming on crop species has direct consequences on food security, therefore understanding impacts and opportunities to adapt crops to global warming necessitates experimentation that allows for modification of growth environments to represent global warming scenarios. Published studies addressing crop responses to warming are extensive, however, in-field studies where growth temperature is manipulated to mimic global warming are limited. Here, we provide an overview of in-field heating techniques employed to understand crop responses to warmer growth environments. We then focus on key results associated with season-long warming, as expected with rising global mean temperatures, and with heat waves, as a consequence of increasing temperature variability and rising global mean temperatures. We then discuss the role of rising temperatures on atmospheric water vapor pressure deficit and potential implications for crop photosynthesis and productivity. Finally, we review strategies by which crop photosynthetic processes might be optimized to adapt crops to the increasing temperatures and frequencies of heat waves. Key findings from this review are that higher temperatures consistently reduce photosynthesis and yields of crops even as atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, yet potential strategies to minimize losses from high-temperature exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J. Bernacchi
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | | | - Matthew H. Siebers
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas J. DeLucia
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - Donald R. Ort
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
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Wang J, Shi X, Lucas-Borja ME, Guo Q, Mao J, Tan Y, Zhang G. Soil nematode abundances drive agroecosystem multifunctionality under short-term elevated CO 2 and O 3. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1618-1627. [PMID: 36458513 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The response of soil biotas to climate change has the potential to regulate multiple ecosystem functions. However, it is still challenging to accurately predict how multiple climate change factors will affect multiple ecosystem functions. Here, we assessed the short-term responses of agroecosystem multifunctionality to a factorial combination of elevated CO2 (+200 ppm) and O3 (+40 ppb) and identified the key soil biotas (i.e., bacteria, fungi, protists, and nematodes) concerning the changes in the multiple ecosystem functions for two rice varieties (Japonica, Nanjing 5055 vs. Wuyujing 3). We provided strong evidence that combined treatment rather than individual treatments of short-term elevated CO2 and O3 significantly increased the agroecosystem multifunctionality index by 32.3% in the Wuyujing 3 variety, but not in the Nanjing 5055 variety. Soil biotas exhibited an important role in regulating multifunctionality under short-term elevated CO2 and O3 , with soil nematode abundances better explaining the changes in ecosystem multifunctionality than soil biota diversity. Furthermore, the higher trophic groups of nematodes, omnivores-predators served as the principal predictor of agroecosystem multifunctionality. These results provide unprecedented new evidence that short-term elevated CO2 and O3 can potentially affect agroecosystem multifunctionality through soil nematode abundances, especially omnivores-predators. Our study demonstrates that high trophic groups were specifically beneficial for regulating multiple ecosystem functions and highlights the importance of soil nematode communities for the maintenance of agroecosystem functions and health under climate change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhen Shi
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Castilla-La Mancha University, Albacete, Spain
| | - Qiling Guo
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyan Mao
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunyan Tan
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Impacts of Climate Change on Rice Grain: A Literature Review on What Is Happening, and How Should We Proceed? Foods 2023; 12:foods12030536. [PMID: 36766065 PMCID: PMC9914188 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
More than half of the people on Earth get their calories, proteins, and minerals from rice grains. Staple increases in the quantity and quality of rice grains are key to ending hunger and malnutrition. Rice production, however, is vulnerable to climate change, and the climate on Earth is becoming more fluctuating with the atmospheric change induced by human activities. As a result, the impacts of climate change on rice grain (ICCRG) have sparked widespread concern. In order to reveal the development and the trend in the study on the ICCRG, a bibliometric analysis was conducted. The results showed that both the model simulations and the field experiment-based observations, as reflected by APSIM (the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator) and free-air carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment, are of concern to researchers worldwide, especially in China, India, the United States, and Japan. Different types of warming include short-term, nighttime, soil and water, and canopy, and their interactions with other climate factors, such as CO2, or agronomic factors, such as nitrogen level, are also of concern to researchers. Spatiotemporal variations in changing weather and regional adaptations from developed and developing countries are challenging the evaluation of ICCRG from an economic perspective. In order to improve the efficacy of breeding adaptable cultivars and developing agronomic management, interdisciplinary studies integrating molecular biology, plant physiology, agronomy, food chemistry, ecology, and socioeconomics are needed.
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Zhang G, Risalat H, Kobayashi K, Cao R, Hu Q, Pan X, Hu Y, Shang B, Wu H, Zhang Z, Feng Z. Ethylenediurea reduces grain chalkiness in hybrid rice cultivars under ambient levels of surface ozone in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:983576. [PMID: 36119594 PMCID: PMC9479492 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.983576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High concentration of tropospheric ozone (O3) causes crop yield losses, which could be reduced by foliar application of ethylenediurea (EDU). Rice grain appearance is a major quality trait that determines the milling quality, white rice productivity and the market value. Grain chalkiness is one of the common defects that deteriorate the grain appearance in rice due to its negative effects on palatability and milling yield. Whether EDU could reduce grain chalkiness in rice which was usually increased by high concentration of O3 is not clarified. We report the grain chalkiness in 19 rice cultivars (CVs) of three types: indica (6 CVs), japonica (5 CVs) and hybrids (8 CVs), observed in an EDU application experiment in the field in China. The ambient O3 level as expressed by accumulated hourly O3 concentration over the threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) for 80 days until maturity reached 12.8 ppm h at a near-by monitoring station. Fraction of the chalky grains (FCG) in the hybrid cultivars was 8% lower in EDU than that in the control treatments, whereas no significant effect of EDU on FCG was found in japonica or indica cultivars. The reduction of FCG due to EDU treatment in hybrid cultivars was attributed to the significant reduction of milky white grains followed by that of white belly grains. Thus, the application of EDU could ameliorate the decline of grain appearance quality in hybrid rice by decreasing the FCG and enhancing the fraction of perfect grains (FPG). Moreover, there were significant interactions between the EDU application and rice cultivars, indicating varietal difference in the protection of grain appearance quality by EDU. These results suggest the need for further studies on the mechanisms of the effects of EDU on grain chalkiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hamdulla Risalat
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Rong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoya Pan
- Chang Wang School of Honors, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxin Hu
- Chang Wang School of Honors, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengchao Wu
- College of Wetland, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zujian Zhang
- Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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10
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Design Model and Management Plan of a Rice–Fish Mixed Farming Paddy for Urban Agriculture and Ecological Education. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Imparting knowledge on agriculture and ecology is important for the preservation of nature. This study suggested the design of a rice–fish mixed farming (RFMF) paddy for urban agriculture and ecological education in Korea. This RFMF paddy supports the growth of rice as well as freshwater fish. ANOVA statistical analysis was conducted, and an RFMF paddy was necessary for urban agriculture/education and confirmed that biodiversity was high. To this aim, the design of a 10 m × 10 m RFMF paddy was suggested. Vegetation, insects, and aquatic invertebrates of the RFMF paddy constituted approximately 40 species more than a conventional paddy. The quality of an actual farm’s soil and water was assessed, and techniques for the co-cultivation of rice and fish are proposed. The soil must comply with the standards of Korean paddy soil, and the water must be in the temperature range of 15 to 35 °C. In the proposed design, approximately 44.0 kg rice can be produced, and catfish can grow up to 30 cm. The study suggested many experiences using rice and freshwater fish. On the basis of our study design, a virtual model of an RFMF paddy was developed in consideration of the accessible space. The development of RFMF paddies in educational institutions can promote biodiversity in cities while providing ecological education regarding aquatic plants and insects.
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11
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Gao B, Hu S, Jing L, Wang Y, Zhu J, Wang K, Li H, Sun X, Wang Y, Yang L. Impact of Elevated CO 2 and Reducing the Source-Sink Ratio by Partial Defoliation on Rice Grain Quality - A 3-Year Free-Air CO 2 Enrichment Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:788104. [PMID: 35003176 PMCID: PMC8733338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.788104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the impact of increasing CO2 on rice quality is becoming a global concern. However, whether adjusting the source-sink ratio will affect the response of rice grain quality to elevated CO2 concentrations remains unknown. In 2016-2018, we conducted a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment using a popular japonica cultivar grown at ambient and elevated CO2 levels (eCO2, increased by 200 ppm), reducing the source-sink ratio via cutting leaves (LC) at the heading stage, to investigate the effects of eCO2 and LC and their interactions on rice processing, appearance, nutrition, and eating quality. Averaged across 3 years, eCO2 significantly decreased brown rice percentage (-0.5%), milled rice percentage (-2.1%), and head rice percentage (-4.2%) but increased chalky grain percentage (+ 22.3%) and chalkiness degree (+ 26.3%). Markedly, eCO2 increased peak viscosity (+ 2.9%) and minimum viscosity (+ 3.8%) but decreased setback (-96.1%) of powder rice and increased the appearance (+ 4.5%), stickiness (+ 3.5%) and balance degree (+ 4.8%) of cooked rice, while decreasing the hardness (-6.7%), resulting in better palatability (+ 4.0%). Further, eCO2 significantly decreased the concentrations of protein, Ca, S, and Cu by 5.3, 4.7, 2.2, and 9.6%, respectively, but increased K concentration by 3.9%. Responses of nutritional quality in different grain positions (brown and milled rice) to eCO2 showed the same trend. Compared with control treatment, LC significantly increased chalky grain percentage, chalkiness degree, protein concentration, mineral element levels (except for B and Mn), and phytic acid concentration. Our results indicate that eCO2 reduced rice processing suitability, appearance, and nutritional quality but improved the eating quality. Rice quality varied significantly among years; however, few CO2 by year, CO2 by LC, or CO2 by grain position interactions were detected, indicating that the effects of eCO2 on rice quality varied little with the growing seasons, the decrease in the source-sink ratios or the different grain positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, China
| | - Shaowu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liquan Jing
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, China
| | - Xingxing Sun
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lianxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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12
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Semba RD, Askari S, Gibson S, Bloem MW, Kraemer K. The Potential Impact of Climate Change on the Micronutrient-Rich Food Supply. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:80-100. [PMID: 34607354 PMCID: PMC8803495 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries worldwide. Climate change, characterized by increasing global surface temperatures and alterations in rainfall, has the capacity to affect the quality and accessibility of micronutrient-rich foods. The goals of this review are to summarize the potential effects of climate change and its consequences on agricultural yield and micronutrient quality, primarily zinc, iron, and vitamin A, of plant foods and upon the availability of animal foods, to discuss the implications for micronutrient deficiencies in the future, and to present possible mitigation and adaptive strategies. In general, the combination of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and rising temperature is predicted to reduce the overall yield of major staple crops, fruits, vegetables, and nuts, more than altering their micronutrient content. Crop yield is also reduced by elevated ground-level ozone and increased extreme weather events. Pollinator loss is expected to reduce the yield of many pollinator-dependent crops such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Sea-level rise resulting from melting of ice sheets and glaciers is predicted to result in coastal inundation, salt intrusion, and loss of coral reefs and mangrove forests, with an adverse impact upon coastal rice production and coastal fisheries. Global ocean fisheries catch is predicted to decline because of ocean warming and declining oxygen. Freshwater warming is also expected to alter ecosystems and reduce inland fisheries catch. In addition to limiting greenhouse gas production, adaptive strategies include postharvest fortification of foods; micronutrient supplementation; biofortification of staple crops with zinc and iron; plant breeding or genetic approaches to increase zinc, iron, and provitamin A carotenoid content of plant foods; and developing staple crops that are tolerant of abiotic stressors such as elevated carbon dioxide, elevated temperature, and increased soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sufia Askari
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gibson
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin W Bloem
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and Life, Basel, Switzerland,Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Wei L, Wang W, Zhu J, Wang Z, Wang J, Li C, Zeng Q, Ziska LH. Responses of rice qualitative characteristics to elevated carbon dioxide and higher temperature: implications for global nutrition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3854-3861. [PMID: 33336371 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein and some minerals of rice seed are negatively affected by projected carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels. However, an in-depth assessment of rice quality that encompasses both CO2 and temperature for a wide range of nutritional parameters is not available. Using a free-air CO2 enrichment facility with temperature control, we conducted a field experiment with two levels of CO2 (ambient; ambient + 200 ppm) and two levels of temperature (ambient; ambient + 1.5 °C). An in-depth examination of qualitative factors indicated a variable nutritional response. RESULTS For total protein, albumin, glutelin, and prolamin, elevated CO2 reduced seed concentrations irrespective of temperature. Similarly, several amino acids declined further as a function of higher temperature and elevated CO2 relative to elevated CO2 alone. Higher temperature increased the lipid percentage of seed; however, elevated CO2 reduced the overall lipid content. At the nutrient elements level, whereas elevated CO2 reduced certain elements, a combination of CO2 and temperature could compensate for CO2 reductions but was element dependent. CONCLUSION Overall, these data are, at present, the most detailed analysis of rising CO2 /temperature on the qualitative characteristics of rice. They indicate that climate change is likely to significantly impact the nutritional integrity of rice, with subsequent changes in human health on a global basis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weilu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lewis H Ziska
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Rahman S, Copeland L, Atwell BJ, Roberts TH. Elevated CO2 differentially affects the properties of grain from wild and domesticated rice. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Arunrat N, Sereenonchai S, Wang C. Carbon footprint and predicting the impact of climate change on carbon sequestration ecosystem services of organic rice farming and conventional rice farming: A case study in Phichit province, Thailand. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112458. [PMID: 33823412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic rice farming is a sustainable rice cultivation system that eliminates chemical inputs and has the potential to reduce environmental impacts. This study aims to: 1) evaluate and compare the carbon footprint intensity and the value of carbon sequestration ecosystem services (VCSES) between organic rice farming (OF) and conventional rice farming (CF) and 2) estimate the impact of climate change on soil organic carbon (SOC), rice yield, and VCSES of two farming types in Phichit province, Thailand. The results showed that the carbon footprint intensity in OF and CF were significantly different with -0.13 and 0.82 kg CO2eq kg-1 rice yield, respectively. The differences in SOC stocks (ΔSOCS) were more significant in OF with the increase of 1107.6 kg C ha-1 year-1 (4061.2 kg CO2eq ha-1 year-1), while the ΔSOCS value in CF was 625 kg C ha-1 year-1 (2291.7 kg CO2eq ha-1 year-1). The VCSES in OF (541,196 US$ ha-1 year-1) was nearly two times higher than in CF (305,388 US$ ha-1 year-1). Under future climate change, rice yields of both farming types are expected to increase under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP6.0, and it will decline under RCP8.5. The SOC and VCSES values are predicted to increase, except under RCP8.5. The dramatic declines can be found from the near future (2020-2039) to the very far future (2080-2099) period. Our finding indicates that even though climate change will have negative effects on SOC and VCSES, the OF will have less impact compared with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppol Arunrat
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Sukanya Sereenonchai
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Can Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Centre for Resources, Energy and Sustainable Development, Beijing, 100084, China
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16
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Cappelli GA, Bregaglio S. Model‐based evaluation of climate change impacts on rice grain quality in the main European rice district. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Alessandro Cappelli
- CREA – Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment Bologna Italy
| | - Simone Bregaglio
- CREA – Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment Bologna Italy
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17
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Zhou J, Gao Y, Wang J, Liu C, Wang Z, Lv M, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Dong G, Wang Y, Huang J, Hui D, Yang Z, Yao Y. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration triggers redistribution of nitrogen to promote tillering in rice. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:125-136. [PMID: 37283862 PMCID: PMC10168068 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) often reduces nitrogen (N) content in rice plants and stimulates tillering. However, there is a general consensus that reduced N would constrain rice tillering. To resolve this contradiction, we investigated N distribution and transcriptomic changes in different rice plant organs after subjecting them to eCO2 and different N application rates. Our results showed that eCO2 significantly promoted rice tillers (by 0.6, 1.1, 1.7, and 2.1 tillers/plant at 0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha-1 N application rates, respectively) and more tillers were produced under higher N application rates, confirming that N availability constrained tillering in the early stages of growth. Although N content declined in the leaves (-11.0 to -20.7 mg g-1) and sheaths (-9.8 to -28.8 mg g-1) of rice plants exposed to eCO2, the N content of newly emerged tillers on plants exposed to eCO2 equaled or exceeded the N content of tillers produced under ambient CO2 conditions. Apparently, the redistribution of N within the plant per se was a critical adaptation strategy to the eCO2 condition. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that eCO2 induced less extensive alteration of gene expression than did N application. Most importantly, the expression levels of multiple N-related transporters and receptors such as nitrate transporter NRT2.3a/b and NRT1.1a/b were differentially regulated in leaf and shoot apical meristem, suggesting that multiple genes were involved in sensing the N signal and transporting N metabolites to adapt to eCO2. The redistribution of N in different organs could be a universal adaptation strategy of terrestrial plants to eCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yingbo Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Minjia Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhouChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Guichun Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yulong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Jianye Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological SciencesTennessee State UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Youli Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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18
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Ben Mariem S, Soba D, Zhou B, Loladze I, Morales F, Aranjuelo I. Climate Change, Crop Yields, and Grain Quality of C 3 Cereals: A Meta-Analysis of [CO 2], Temperature, and Drought Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1052. [PMID: 34074065 PMCID: PMC8225050 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cereal yield and grain quality may be impaired by environmental factors associated with climate change. Major factors, including elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]), elevated temperature, and drought stress, have been identified as affecting C3 crop production and quality. A meta-analysis of existing literature was performed to study the impact of these three environmental factors on the yield and nutritional traits of C3 cereals. Elevated [CO2] stimulates grain production (through larger grain numbers) and starch accumulation but negatively affects nutritional traits such as protein and mineral content. In contrast to [CO2], increased temperature and drought cause significant grain yield loss, with stronger effects observed from the latter. Elevated temperature decreases grain yield by decreasing the thousand grain weight (TGW). Nutritional quality is also negatively influenced by the changing climate, which will impact human health. Similar to drought, heat stress decreases starch content but increases grain protein and mineral concentrations. Despite the positive effect of elevated [CO2], increases to grain yield seem to be counterbalanced by heat and drought stress. Regarding grain nutritional value and within the three environmental factors, the increase in [CO2] is possibly the more detrimental to face because it will affect cereal quality independently of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinda Ben Mariem
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (D.S.); (F.M.)
| | - David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (D.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Bangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Irakli Loladze
- Bryan Medical Center, Bryan College of Health Sciences, Lincoln, NE 68506, USA;
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (D.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (D.S.); (F.M.)
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19
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Ben Mariem S, Soba D, Zhou B, Loladze I, Morales F, Aranjuelo I. Climate Change, Crop Yields, and Grain Quality of C 3 Cereals: A Meta-Analysis of [CO 2], Temperature, and Drought Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10061052. [PMID: 34074065 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061052`] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cereal yield and grain quality may be impaired by environmental factors associated with climate change. Major factors, including elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]), elevated temperature, and drought stress, have been identified as affecting C3 crop production and quality. A meta-analysis of existing literature was performed to study the impact of these three environmental factors on the yield and nutritional traits of C3 cereals. Elevated [CO2] stimulates grain production (through larger grain numbers) and starch accumulation but negatively affects nutritional traits such as protein and mineral content. In contrast to [CO2], increased temperature and drought cause significant grain yield loss, with stronger effects observed from the latter. Elevated temperature decreases grain yield by decreasing the thousand grain weight (TGW). Nutritional quality is also negatively influenced by the changing climate, which will impact human health. Similar to drought, heat stress decreases starch content but increases grain protein and mineral concentrations. Despite the positive effect of elevated [CO2], increases to grain yield seem to be counterbalanced by heat and drought stress. Regarding grain nutritional value and within the three environmental factors, the increase in [CO2] is possibly the more detrimental to face because it will affect cereal quality independently of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinda Ben Mariem
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Bangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Irakli Loladze
- Bryan Medical Center, Bryan College of Health Sciences, Lincoln, NE 68506, USA
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
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20
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Jing L, Chen C, Lu Q, Wang Y, Zhu J, Lai S, Wang Y, Yang L. How do elevated atmosphere CO 2 and temperature alter the physiochemical properties of starch granules and rice taste? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142592. [PMID: 33071134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 (EC) and temperature (ET) strongly affect agricultural production, but the mechanism through which EC and/or ET influence starch granules and their relationship to cooked rice taste remain largely unknown. Therefore, a field experiment using a popular japonica cultivar grown in a temperature/free-air CO2 enrichment environment was conducted to investigate the responses of volume and fine structure of starch granules and their formation physiology to EC (+200 ppm) and/or ET (+1 °C) in 2015-2016. EC markedly enhanced the activity of soluble-starch synthase and granule-bound starch synthase by 28.0% and 27.9% respectively, thereby increasing the long chains and the volume of starch granules. However, EC decreased the activity of starch-branch enzyme by 7.5% possibly via the pathway of ethylene signalling (EC prominently decreased the ethylene evolution rate of rice grains by 28.8%), resulting in a remarkable decrease in α-1'6 glucosidic bonds and significant increase in the iodine-binding capacity and double helix in starch molecules. These EC-induced changes in morphology and fine structure of starch granules synergistically altered the thermal properties of rice flour and eventually improved the cohesiveness and taste of cooked rice, as suggested by the significant relationships between them. ET partially offset the beneficial EC effects in most cases. However, few remarkable CO2 × temperature or CO2 × year effects were detected, indicating that the effects of EC on starch granules and rice taste less varied with meteorological conditions. These findings have important implications on rice palatability and for the development of adaptive strategies in the starch industry in future environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Jing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shangkun Lai
- Suqian Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianxin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Hu S, Wang Y, Yang L. Response of rice yield traits to elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration and its interaction with cultivar, nitrogen application rate and temperature: A meta-analysis of 20 years FACE studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142797. [PMID: 33131850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility simulates future high CO2 environment in an open field, and is considered the best approach to assess the actual response of crop production to climate change. This meta-analysis synthesizes all studies conducted under FACE conditions on rice yield response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and its interaction with cultivar, nitrogen application rate and temperature. On average, elevated [CO2] enhanced rice yield by 16.2%, which resulted from positive response of each yield component. The yield enhancement by elevated [CO2] of hybrid rice (24.7%) was significantly greater than conventional rice (14.2%), and among conventional rice cultivars, indica rice had a larger yield response (20.4%) than japonica rice (12.7%). The superior performance of hybrid and indica rice under FACE conditions was mainly attributed to the larger increase in spikelet density. The response of rice yield to elevated [CO2] varied with nitrogen supply. The maximum increase of 21.1% occurred at the nitrogen application rate of 21-30 g m-2. Both insufficient and excess nitrogen supply negate yield increase by FACE but through different approaches. Elevated [CO2] increased rice yield by 16.7% at ambient temperature but only 10.1% at elevated temperature (1-2 °C); The smaller yield increase at elevated temperature was due to the negative response of filled grain percentage and grain mass. In conclusion, atmospheric CO2 concentration projected in the middle of this century will enhance rice yield mainly through the increase of spikelet density, whereas the magnitude of CO2 fertilizer effect will be affected by the cultivar, nitrogen application rate and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Lianxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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22
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Moore CE, Meacham-Hensold K, Lemonnier P, Slattery RA, Benjamin C, Bernacchi CJ, Lawson T, Cavanagh AP. The effect of increasing temperature on crop photosynthesis: from enzymes to ecosystems. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2822-2844. [PMID: 33619527 PMCID: PMC8023210 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As global land surface temperature continues to rise and heatwave events increase in frequency, duration, and/or intensity, our key food and fuel cropping systems will likely face increased heat-related stress. A large volume of literature exists on exploring measured and modelled impacts of rising temperature on crop photosynthesis, from enzymatic responses within the leaf up to larger ecosystem-scale responses that reflect seasonal and interannual crop responses to heat. This review discusses (i) how crop photosynthesis changes with temperature at the enzymatic scale within the leaf; (ii) how stomata and plant transport systems are affected by temperature; (iii) what features make a plant susceptible or tolerant to elevated temperature and heat stress; and (iv) how these temperature and heat effects compound at the ecosystem scale to affect crop yields. Throughout the review, we identify current advancements and future research trajectories that are needed to make our cropping systems more resilient to rising temperature and heat stress, which are both projected to occur due to current global fossil fuel emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Moore
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy & Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Katherine Meacham-Hensold
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | | | - Rebecca A Slattery
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Claire Benjamin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Carl J Bernacchi
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Amanda P Cavanagh
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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23
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Jing L, Chen C, Hu S, Dong S, Pan Y, Wang Y, Lai S, Wang Y, Yang L. Effects of elevated atmosphere CO2 and temperature on the morphology, structure and thermal properties of starch granules and their relationship to cooked rice quality. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Tang S, Cheng W, Hu R, Guigue J, Hattori S, Tawaraya K, Tokida T, Fukuoka M, Yoshimoto M, Sakai H, Usui Y, Xu X, Hasegawa T. Five-year soil warming changes soil C and N dynamics in a single rice paddy field in Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143845. [PMID: 33277011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil temperature is an important determinant of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, but its effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) dynamics as well as rice biomass in rice paddy ecosystems are not fully understood. We conducted a five-year soil warming experiment in a single-cropping paddy field in Japan. Soil temperatures were elevated by approximate 2 °C with heating wires during the rice growing season and by approximate 1 °C with nighttime thermal blankets during the fallow season. Soil samples were collected in autumn after rice harvest and in spring after fallow each year, and anaerobically incubated at 30 °C for four weeks to determine soil C decomposition and N mineralization potentials. The SOC and TN contents, rice biomass, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentrations were measured in the study. Soil warming did not significantly enhance rice aboveground and root biomasses, but it significantly decreased SOC and TN contents and thus decreased soil C decomposition and N mineralization potentials due to depletion of available C and N. Moreover, soil warming significantly decreased DOC concentration but significantly increased MBC concentration. The ratios of C decomposition potential to N mineralization potential, decomposition potential to SOC, and N mineralization to TN were not affected by soil warming. There were significant seasonal and annual variations in SOC, C decomposition and N mineralization potentials, soil DOC and MBC under each temperature treatments. Our study implied that soil warming can decrease soil C and N stocks in paddy ecosystem probably via stimulating microbial activities and accelerating the depletion of DOC. This study further highlights the importance of long-term in situ observation of C and N dynamics and their availabilities in rice paddy ecosystems under increasing global warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuirong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weiguo Cheng
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan.
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Julien Guigue
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan; Chair of Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Satoshi Hattori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tawaraya
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Minehiko Fukuoka
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yoshimoto
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Shinseiminami 9-4, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Xingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka 020-0198, Japan
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25
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Wei L, Ma F, Du C. Application of FTIR-PAS in Rapid Assessment of Rice Quality under Climate Change Conditions. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010159. [PMID: 33466600 PMCID: PMC7828744 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS), versus attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFT), was firstly applied in quick assessment of rice quality in response to rising CO2/temperature instead of conventional time-consuming chemical methods. The influences of elevated CO2 and higher temperature were identified using FTIR-PAS spectra by principal component analysis (PCA). Variations in the rice functional groups are crucial indicators for rice identification, and the ratio of the intensities of two selected spectral bands was used for correlation analysis with starch, protein, and lipid content, and the ratios all showed a positive linear correlation (R2 = 0.9103, R2 = 0.9580, and R2 = 0.9246, respectively). Subsequently, changes in nutritional components under future environmental conditions that encompass higher CO2 and temperature were evaluated, which demonstrated the potential of FTIR-PAS to detect the responses of rice to climate change, providing a valuable technique for agricultural production and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (L.W.); (F.M.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (L.W.); (F.M.)
| | - Changwen Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (L.W.); (F.M.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-86881565
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26
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Ainsworth EA, Long SP. 30 years of free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE): What have we learned about future crop productivity and its potential for adaptation? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:27-49. [PMID: 33135850 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) allows open-air elevation of [CO2 ] without altering the microclimate. Its scale uniquely supports simultaneous study from physiology and yield to soil processes and disease. In 2005 we summarized results of then 28 published observations by meta-analysis. Subsequent studies have combined FACE with temperature, drought, ozone, and nitrogen treatments. Here, we summarize the results of now almost 250 observations, spanning 14 sites and five continents. Across 186 independent studies of 18 C3 crops, elevation of [CO2 ] by ca. 200 ppm caused a ca. 18% increase in yield under non-stress conditions. Legumes and root crops showed a greater increase and cereals less. Nitrogen deficiency reduced the average increase to 10%, as did warming by ca. 2°C. Two conclusions of the 2005 analysis were that C4 crops would not be more productive in elevated [CO2 ], except under drought, and that yield responses of C3 crops were diminished by nitrogen deficiency and wet conditions. Both stand the test of time. Further studies of maize and sorghum showed no yield increase, except in drought, while soybean productivity was negatively affected by early growing season wet conditions. Subsequent study showed reduced levels of nutrients, notably Zn and Fe in most crops, and lower nitrogen and protein in the seeds of non-leguminous crops. Testing across crop germplasm revealed sufficient variation to maintain nutrient content under rising [CO2 ]. A strong correlation of yield response under elevated [CO2 ] to genetic yield potential in both rice and soybean was observed. Rice cultivars with the highest yield potential showed a 35% yield increase in elevated [CO2 ] compared to an average of 14%. Future FACE experiments have the potential to develop cultivars and management strategies for co-promoting sustainability and productivity under future elevated [CO2 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen P Long
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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27
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Toreti A, Deryng D, Tubiello FN, Müller C, Kimball BA, Moser G, Boote K, Asseng S, Pugh TAM, Vanuytrecht E, Pleijel H, Webber H, Durand JL, Dentener F, Ceglar A, Wang X, Badeck F, Lecerf R, Wall GW, van den Berg M, Hoegy P, Lopez-Lozano R, Zampieri M, Galmarini S, O'Leary GJ, Manderscheid R, Mencos Contreras E, Rosenzweig C. Narrowing uncertainties in the effects of elevated CO 2 on crops. NATURE FOOD 2020; 1:775-782. [PMID: 37128059 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-00195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, together with projected variations in temperature and precipitation will determine future agricultural production. Estimates of the impacts of climate change on agriculture provide essential information to design effective adaptation strategies, and develop sustainable food systems. Here, we review the current experimental evidence and crop models on the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations. Recent concerted efforts have narrowed the uncertainties in CO2-induced crop responses so that climate change impact simulations omitting CO2 can now be eliminated. To address remaining knowledge gaps and uncertainties in estimating the effects of elevated CO2 and climate change on crops, future research should expand experiments on more crop species under a wider range of growing conditions, improve the representation of responses to climate extremes in crop models, and simulate additional crop physiological processes related to nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Toreti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
| | - Delphine Deryng
- NewClimate Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- IRI THESys, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Francesco N Tubiello
- Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research PIK, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bruce A Kimball
- US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Gerald Moser
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas A M Pugh
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eline Vanuytrecht
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heidi Webber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Dentener
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrej Ceglar
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environment LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute of Earth System Sciences, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Franz Badeck
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, CREA-GB, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Remi Lecerf
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Gerard W Wall
- US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matteo Zampieri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Erik Mencos Contreras
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Rosenzweig
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Chen P, Yang J, Jiang Z, Zhu E, Mo C. Prediction of future carbon footprint and ecosystem service value of carbon sequestration response to nitrogen fertilizer rates in rice production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139506. [PMID: 32470674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is concern for variations of the carbon footprint (CF) and ecosystem service value of carbon sequestration (ESVCS) related to nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate in rice production under future climate change. To explore possible future ecological effects of N fertilizer rate, a DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model combined with Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) projections (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) were used to predict the CF and ESVCS of rice production. The model was validated by a two-year field experiment, and then seven N fertilizer levels (0, 75, 150, 190, 225, 300, and 375 kg N/ha) were set for prediction from 2015 to 2050. The validation results indicated a good fit between the DNDC-simulated and observed data of GHG emission and rice yield. Under RCP 8.5, the mean CF was 4.5-8.7% higher and the average ESVCS was 3.6-7.4% lower than those under RCP 4.5. The effects of N fertilizer rate on CF and ESVCS were consistent between the two climate change scenarios. In both RCPs, it was found that CF and ESVCS were mainly influenced by N fertilizer rate due to the latter's effect on CH4 emissions and crop carbon fixation. CH4 was the main contributor to CF during 2015-2050, accounting for 43.9-58.3% of the total CF. Agricultural inputs were also large contributors to CF, and N fertilizer increased the indirect GHG emissions by 24.6-122.2% compared with no N fertilization treatment. Among the studied N fertilizer rates, 190 kg N/ha was the optimal rate, obtaining the lowest CF and highest ESVCS. These results indicate that, under future climate change, an N fertilizer rate of 190 kg N/ha could achieve a trade-off between high yield, reduction of CF, and improvement of ESVCS in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingping Yang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhenhui Jiang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enyan Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoyang Mo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Xi M, Wu W, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Chen G, Ji Y, Sun X. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the metabolic pathways of grain chalkiness in response to nitrogen topdressing in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:622-635. [PMID: 32717594 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Grain chalkiness is a highly undesirable trait that adversely affects rice quality. This chalkiness is easily influenced by the application of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer at the late growth stage. However, on the molecular mechanism underlying grain chalkiness caused by late N fertilization is not fully clear. In this study, proteomic differences in expression were determined in developing grains exposed to N topdressing (108 kg N ha-1, N+) and a control (0 kg N ha-1, N0), using the rice variety OM052, which has a high level of chalkiness. A total of 198 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected between the N+ and N0 treatments, including 9 up-regulated proteins and 189 down-regulated proteins. Of these DEPs, approximately half were associated with carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, fermentation and starch metabolism) and N metabolism (protein synthesis, folding, degradation and storage, amino acid synthesis and catabolism). A detailed pathway dissection revealed that multiple metabolic pathways during the grain filling stage were involved in the N-induced grain chalkiness. Reduced abundances of proteins associated with respiratory metabolism and energy metabolism drastically impaired the biosynthesis and deposition of starch in the developmental endosperms, which might be a crucial trigger for the increase in grain chalkiness. The disturbed N metabolism and differential expression of storage proteins up-regulated during the grain filling stage are able to partially explain the occurrence of grain chalkiness in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xi
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Wenge Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Youzun Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Yongjin Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Yalan Ji
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, PR China
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30
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Chen J, Le XC, Zhu L. Metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal defense mechanism of rice (Oryza sativa) grains under stress of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105154. [PMID: 31521816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a predominant polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), has received extensive attention for its potential environmental impact. An integrated study of metabolomics and transcriptomics was conducted on two rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars, Lianjing-7 (LJ-7) and Yongyou-9 (YY-9), which have been identified as tolerant and sensitive cultivars to BDE-47, respectively. The objective was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of their different ability to tolerate BDE-47. Both rice plants were cultivated to maturity in soils containing three concentrations of BDE-47 (10, 20, and 50 mg/kg). Metabolomic analyses of rice grains identified 65 metabolites in LJ-7 and 45 metabolites in YY-9, including amino acids, saccharides, organic acids, fatty acids, and secondary metabolites. In the tolerant cultivar LJ-7 exposed to 50 mg/kg BDE-47, concentrations of most of the metabolites increased significantly, with α-ketoglutaric acid increased by 20-fold and stigmastanol increased by 12-fold. In the sensitive cultivar YY-9, the concentrations of most metabolites increased after the plant was exposed to 1 and 10 mg/kg BDE-47 but decreased after the plant was exposed to 50 mg/kg BDE-47. Transcriptomic data demonstrated that regulation of gene expressions was affected most in LJ-7 exposed to 50 mg/kg BDE-47 (966 genes up-regulated and 620 genes down-regulated) and in YY-9 exposed to 10 mg/kg BDE-47 (85 genes up-regulated and 291 genes down-regulated), in good accordance with the observed metabolic alternation in the two cultivars. Analyses of metabolic pathways and KEGG enrichment revealed that many biological processes, including energy consumption and biosynthesis, were perturbed in the two rice cultivars by BDE-47. A majority of metabolites and genes involved in dominating pathways of energy consumption (e.g., tricarboxylic acid cycle) and the biosynthesis (e.g., metabolism of saccharides and amino acids) were enhanced in LJ-7 by BDE-47. In contrast, energy consumption was increased while biosynthetic processes were inhibited in YY-9 by BDE-47, which could lead to the sensitivity of YY-9 to BDE-47. The combined results suggest that the different defensive abilities of these two rice cultivars in response to BDE-47 could be attributed to their differences in energy-consumption strategy and biosynthesis of nutritional components in grains. This study provides a useful reference for rice cultivation in PBDE-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - X Chris Le
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Li R, Li M, Ashraf U, Liu S, Zhang J. Exploring the Relationships Between Yield and Yield-Related Traits for Rice Varieties Released in China From 1978 to 2017. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:543. [PMID: 31134107 PMCID: PMC6514245 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite evidence from previous case studies showing that agronomic traits partially determine the resulting yield of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, it remains unclear whether this is true at the ecotype level. Here, an extensive dataset of the traits of 7686 rice varieties, released in China from 1978 to 2017, was used to study the relationship between yield and other agronomic traits. We assessed the association between yield and other agronomic traits for four different rice ecotypes, i.e., indica inbred, indica hybrid, japonica inbred, and japonica hybrid. We found that associations between agronomic traits and yield were ecotype-dependent. For both the indica inbred and indica hybrid ecotypes, we found that greater values of certain traits, including the filled grain number per panicle, 1000-grain-weight, plant height, panicle length, grains per panicle, seed setting rate, long growth period, low panicle number per unit area, and low seed length/width ratio, have accounted for high grain yield. In the japonica inbred and japonica hybrid ecotypes, we found that only high panicle number per unit area and long growth period led to high grain yield. Indirectly, growth period consistently had a positive effect on yield in all ecotypes, and plant height had a positive effect on yield for the indicas and japonica inbred only. Plant height had a negative effect for the japonica hybrid. Altogether, our findings potentially have valuable implications for improving the breeds of rice ecotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, University of Education (Lahore), Faisalabad-Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaen Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Hasegawa T, Sakai H, Tokida T, Usui Y, Nakamura H, Wakatsuki H, Chen CP, Ikawa H, Zhang G, Nakano H, Matsushima MY, Hayashi K. A High-Yielding Rice Cultivar "Takanari" Shows No N Constraints on CO 2 Fertilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:361. [PMID: 31024578 PMCID: PMC6460941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing crop yield response to elevated CO2 concentrations (E-[CO2]) is an important adaptation measure to climate change. A high-yielding indica rice cultivar "Takanari" has recently been identified as a potential candidate for high productivity in E-[CO2] resulting from its large sink and source capacities. To fully utilize these traits, nitrogen should play a major role, but it is unknown how N levels influence the yield response of Takanari to E-[CO2]. We therefore compared grain yield and quality of Takanari with those of Koshihikari, a standard japonica cultivar, in response to Free-Air CO2 enrichment (FACE, +200 μmol mol-1) under three N levels (0, 8, and 12 g m-2) over three seasons. The biomass of both cultivars increased under E-[CO2] at all N levels; however, the harvest index decreased under E-[CO2] in the N-limited treatment for Koshihikari but not for Takanari. The decreased harvest index of Koshihikari resulted from limited enhancement of spikelet number under N-limitation. In contrast, spikelet number increased in E-[CO2] in Takanari even without N application, resulting in significant yield enhancement, averaging 18% over 3 years, whereas Koshihikari exhibited virtually no increase in yield in E-[CO2] under the N-limited condition. Grain appearance quality of Koshihikari was severely reduced by E-[CO2], most notably in N-limited and hot conditions, by a substantial increase in chalky grain, but chalky grain % did not increase in E-[CO2] even without N fertilizer. These results indicated that Takanari could retain its high yield advantage over Koshihikari with limited increase in chalkiness even under limited N conditions and that it could be a useful genetic resource for improving N use efficiency under E-[CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Memuro, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Wakatsuki
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Charles P. Chen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, United States
| | - Hiroki Ikawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Guoyou Zhang
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Chikugo, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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Wang J, Liu X, Zhang X, Li L, Lam SK, Pan G. Changes in plant C, N and P ratios under elevated [CO 2] and canopy warming in a rice-winter wheat rotation system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5424. [PMID: 30931987 PMCID: PMC6443658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) can stimulate plant growth through enhanced photosynthetic rate. However, plant C, N and P ratios in response to elevated [CO2] combined with canopy warming in rice-winter wheat rotation system remain largely unknown. Here we investigated the impacts of elevated [CO2] and warming on plant nutrient ratios under open-air conditions. Four treatments including the ambient condition (CK), elevated [CO2] (500 ppm, CE), canopy warming (+2 °C, WA), and the combination of elevated [CO2] and warming (CW) were used to investigate the responses of plant C, N and P ratios in a rice-winter wheat rotation system in southeast China. Results showed that elevated [CO2] increased C:N ratio in whole plant by 8.4-14.3% for both crops, and increased C:P ratio by 11.3% for rice. The changes in ratio were due to an increase in C concentration by 0.8-1.2% and a reduction in N concentration by 7.4-10.7% for both crops, and a reduction in P concentration by 10.0% for rice. Warming increased N allocation in rice leaf and N concentration by 12.4% for rice, resulting in increases in the ratios of N to C and P by 11.9% and 9.7% in rice, but not in wheat. However, CW had no effect on plant C:N ratio in rice, indicating the positive effect of elevated [CO2] could offset the negative impact of warming on C:N ratio. By contrast, CW significantly decreased plant C:P and N:P ratios by 16% due to the increase in P allocation in stem for wheat. These results suggest that impacts of climate change on plant nutrient balance occur through interactions between the effects of climate change on nutrient uptake and allocation, which is important for food quality and productivity under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Wang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shu Kee Lam
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
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34
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Wang J, Hasegawa T, Li L, Lam SK, Zhang X, Liu X, Pan G. Changes in grain protein and amino acids composition of wheat and rice under short-term increased [CO 2 ] and temperature of canopy air in a paddy from East China. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:726-734. [PMID: 30586149 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Projected global climate change is a potential threat for food security. Both rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2 ]) and temperatures have significant impacts on crop productivity, but the combined effects on grain quality are not well understood. We conducted an open-air field experiment to determine the impacts of elevated [CO2 ] (E-[CO2 ], up to 500 μmol mol-1 ) and warming (+2°C) on grain yield, protein and amino acid (AAs, acid digests) in a rice-winter wheat rotation system for 2 yr. E-[CO2 ] increased grain yield by 11.3% for wheat and 5.9% for rice, but decreased grain protein concentration by 14.9% for wheat and by 7.0% for rice, although E-[CO2 ] slightly increased the ratio of essential to nonessential AAs. With a consistent decline in grain yield, warming decreased protein yield, notably in wheat, despite a smaller increase in protein concentration. These results indicate that warming could partially negate the negative impact by E-[CO2 ] on grain protein concentration at the expense of grain yield; this tradeoff could not fully offset the negative effects of climate change on crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Wang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shu Kee Lam
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
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35
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Ikawa H, Chen CP, Sikma M, Yoshimoto M, Sakai H, Tokida T, Usui Y, Nakamura H, Ono K, Maruyama A, Watanabe T, Kuwagata T, Hasegawa T. Increasing canopy photosynthesis in rice can be achieved without a large increase in water use-A model based on free-air CO 2 enrichment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1321-1341. [PMID: 29136323 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Achieving higher canopy photosynthesis rates is one of the keys to increasing future crop production; however, this typically requires additional water inputs because of increased water loss through the stomata. Lowland rice canopies presently consume a large amount of water, and any further increase in water usage may significantly impact local water resources. This situation is further complicated by changing the environmental conditions such as rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2 ]). Here, we modeled and compared evapotranspiration of fully developed rice canopies of a high-yielding rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. Takanari) with a common cultivar (cv. Koshihikari) under ambient and elevated [CO2 ] (A-CO2 and E-CO2 , respectively) via leaf ecophysiological parameters derived from a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment. Takanari had 4%-5% higher evapotranspiration than Koshihikari under both A-CO2 and E-CO2 , and E-CO2 decreased evapotranspiration of both varieties by 4%-6%. Therefore, if Takanari was cultivated under future [CO2 ] conditions, the cost for water could be maintained at the same level as for cultivating Koshihikari at current [CO2 ] with an increase in canopy photosynthesis by 36%. Sensitivity analyses determined that stomatal conductance was a significant physiological factor responsible for the greater canopy photosynthesis in Takanari over Koshihikari. Takanari had 30%-40% higher stomatal conductance than Koshihikari; however, the presence of high aerodynamic resistance in the natural field and lower canopy temperature of Takanari than Koshihikari resulted in the small difference in evapotranspiration. Despite the small difference in evapotranspiration between varieties, the model simulations showed that Takanari clearly decreased canopy and air temperatures within the planetary boundary layer compared to Koshihikari. Our results indicate that lowland rice varieties characterized by high-stomatal conductance can play a key role in enhancing productivity and moderating heat-induced damage to grain quality in the coming decades, without significantly increasing crop water use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ikawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Charles P Chen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA
| | - Martin Sikma
- Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mayumi Yoshimoto
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Large-scale Farming Research Division, NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Ono
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maruyama
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Watanabe
- Water and Material Cycles Division, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kuwagata
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Japan
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Noguchi K, Tsunoda T, Miyagi A, Kawai-Yamada M, Sugiura D, Miyazawa SI, Tokida T, Usui Y, Nakamura H, Sakai H, Hasegawa T. Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Respiratory Rates in Mature Leaves of Two Rice Cultivars Grown at a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment Site and Analyses of the Underlying Mechanisms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:637-649. [PMID: 29401364 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory CO2 efflux and O2 uptake rates in leaves change in response to the growth CO2 concentration ([CO2]). The degrees of change vary depending on the responses of cellular processes such as nitrogen (N) assimilation and accumulation of organic acids to growth [CO2]. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the respiratory characteristics of mature leaves of two rice varieties with different yield capacities at different growth stages under ambient and elevated [CO2] conditions at a free-air CO2 enrichment site. We also examined the effect of increased water temperature on leaf respiration. We measured the rates of CO2 efflux and O2 uptake, and determined N contents, primary metabolite contents and maximal activities of respiratory enzymes. The leaf CO2 efflux rates decreased in plants grown at elevated [CO2] in both varieties, and were higher in high-yielding Takanari than in Koshihikari. The leaf O2 uptake rates showed little change with respect to growth [CO2] and variety. The increased water temperature did not significantly affect the CO2 efflux and O2 uptake rates. The N and amino acid contents were significantly higher in Takanari than in Koshihikari. The enhanced N assimilation in Takanari may have consumed more respiratory NADH, leading to higher CO2 efflux rates. In Koshihikari, the ratio of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates changed and maximal activities of enzymes in the TCA cycle decreased at elevated [CO2]. Therefore, the decreased rates of CO2 efflux in Koshihikari may be due to the decreased activities of TCA cycle enzymes at elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Tomonori Tsunoda
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Crop Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyazawa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, 305-8687 Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- Division of Farming System Research, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 9-4 Shinseiminami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido, 082-0081 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakamura
- Taiyo Keiki Co. Ltd., 1-12-3 Nakajujo, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0032 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Division of Climate Change, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Division of Agro-Environmental Research, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198 Japan
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Nakano H, Yoshinaga S, Takai T, Arai-Sanoh Y, Kondo K, Yamamoto T, Sakai H, Tokida T, Usui Y, Nakamura H, Hasegawa T, Kondo M. Quantitative trait loci for large sink capacity enhance rice grain yield under free-air CO 2 enrichment conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1827. [PMID: 28500344 PMCID: PMC5431863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The global atmospheric CO2 concentration has been increasing annually. To determine the trait that effectively increases rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield under increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, as predicted in the near future, we grew a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) and a near-isogenic line (NIL) producing high spikelet numbers per panicle (CSSL-GN1 and NIL-APO1, respectively) under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) conditions and examined the effects of a large sink capacity on grain yield, its components, and growth-related traits under increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Under ambient conditions, CSSL-GN1 and NIL-APO1 exhibited a similar grain yield to Koshihikari, as a result of the trade-off between increased spikelet number and reduced grain filling. However, under FACE conditions, CSSL-GN1 and NIL-APO1 had an equal or a higher grain yield than Koshihikari because of the higher number of spikelets and lower reduction in grain filling. Thus, the improvement of source activity by increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations can lead to enhanced grain yield in rice lines that have a large sink capacity. Therefore, introducing alleles that increase sink capacity into conventional varieties represents a strategy that can be used to develop high-yielding varieties under increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, such as those predicted in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakano
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
- NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0041, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yoshinaga
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- NARO Central Region Agricultural Research Center, 1-2-1 Inada, Jyoetsu, Niigata, 943-0193, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takai
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Yumiko Arai-Sanoh
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kondo
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamamoto
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- NARO Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- NARO Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- NARO Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
- NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, 9-4 Shinseiminami, Memuro-cho, Kasai-gun, Hokkaido, 082-0081, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakamura
- Taiyo Keiki Co. Ltd., 1-12-3 Nakajujo, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0032, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- NARO Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
- NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 4 Shimokuriyagawaazaakahira, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kondo
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
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Vanuytrecht E, Thorburn PJ. Responses to atmospheric CO 2 concentrations in crop simulation models: a review of current simple and semicomplex representations and options for model development. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1806-1820. [PMID: 28134461 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2 ]) cause direct changes in crop physiological processes (e.g. photosynthesis and stomatal conductance). To represent these CO2 responses, commonly used crop simulation models have been amended, using simple and semicomplex representations of the processes involved. Yet, there is no standard approach to and often poor documentation of these developments. This study used a bottom-up approach (starting with the APSIM framework as case study) to evaluate modelled responses in a consortium of commonly used crop models and illuminate whether variation in responses reflects true uncertainty in our understanding compared to arbitrary choices of model developers. Diversity in simulated CO2 responses and limited validation were common among models, both within the APSIM framework and more generally. Whereas production responses show some consistency up to moderately high [CO2 ] (around 700 ppm), transpiration and stomatal responses vary more widely in nature and magnitude (e.g. a decrease in stomatal conductance varying between 35% and 90% among models was found for [CO2 ] doubling to 700 ppm). Most notably, nitrogen responses were found to be included in few crop models despite being commonly observed and critical for the simulation of photosynthetic acclimation, crop nutritional quality and carbon allocation. We suggest harmonization and consideration of more mechanistic concepts in particular subroutines, for example, for the simulation of N dynamics, as a way to improve our predictive understanding of CO2 responses and capture secondary processes. Intercomparison studies could assist in this aim, provided that they go beyond simple output comparison and explicitly identify the representations and assumptions that are causal for intermodel differences. Additionally, validation and proper documentation of the representation of CO2 responses within models should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Vanuytrecht
- Division of Soil and Water management, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, po 2411, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Peter J Thorburn
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld, 4068, Australia
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Liu D, Tago K, Hayatsu M, Tokida T, Sakai H, Nakamura H, Usui Y, Hasegawa T, Asakawa S. Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration, Elevated Temperature and No Nitrogen Fertilization on Methanogenic Archaeal and Methane-Oxidizing Bacterial Community Structures in Paddy Soil. Microbes Environ 2016; 31:349-56. [PMID: 27600710 PMCID: PMC5017813 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 ([CO2]) enhance the production and emission of methane in paddy fields. In the present study, the effects of elevated [CO2], elevated temperature (ET), and no nitrogen fertilization (LN) on methanogenic archaeal and methane-oxidizing bacterial community structures in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experimental paddy field were investigated by PCR-DGGE and real-time quantitative PCR. Soil samples were collected from the upper and lower soil layers at the rice panicle initiation (PI) and mid-ripening (MR) stages. The composition of the methanogenic archaeal community in the upper and lower soil layers was not markedly affected by the elevated [CO2], ET, or LN condition. The abundance of the methanogenic archaeal community in the upper and lower soil layers was also not affected by elevated [CO2] or ET, but was significantly increased at the rice PI stage and significantly decreased by LN in the lower soil layer. In contrast, the composition of the methane-oxidizing bacterial community was affected by rice-growing stages in the upper soil layer. The abundance of methane-oxidizing bacteria was significantly decreased by elevated [CO2] and LN in both soil layers at the rice MR stage and by ET in the upper soil layer. The ratio of mcrA/pmoA genes correlated with methane emission from ambient and FACE paddy plots at the PI stage. These results indicate that the decrease observed in the abundance of methane-oxidizing bacteria was related to increased methane emission from the paddy field under the elevated [CO2], ET, and LN conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Liu
- Soil Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya UniversityChikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464–8601Japan
| | - Kanako Tago
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604Japan
| | - Masahito Hayatsu
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Usui
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604Japan
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NAROShinseiminami 9–4, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082–0081Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences3–1–3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604Japan
| | - Susumu Asakawa
- Soil Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya UniversityChikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464–8601Japan
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Wu H, Song Z, Wang X, Liu Z, Tang S. Increasing CO2 differentially affects essential and non-essential amino acid concentration of rice grains grown in cadmium-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:86-94. [PMID: 27239692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by both ambient CO2 and heavy metals has been steadily increasing, but we do not know how fluctuating CO2 concentrations influence plant nutrients under high Cd pollution, especially in crops. Here, we studied the effects of elevated CO2 and Cd accumulation on proteins and amino acids in rice under Cd stress. In this pot experiment, we analyzed the amino-acid profile of 20 rice cultivars that accumulate Cd differently; the plants were grown in Cd-containing soils under ambient conditions and elevated CO2 levels. We found that although Cd concentrations appeared to be higher in most cultivars under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2, the effect was significant only in seven cultivars. Combined exposure to Cd and elevated CO2 strongly decreased rice protein and amino acid profiles, including essential and non-essential amino acids. Under elevated CO2, the ratios of specific amino acids were either higher or lower than the optimal ratios provided by FAO/WHO, suggesting that CO2 may flatten the overall amino-acid profile, leading to an excess in some amino acids and deficiencies in others when the rice is consumed. Thus, Cd-tainted rice limits the concentration of essential amino acids in rice-based diets, and the combination with elevated CO2 further exacerbates the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Wu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, PR China.
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, PR China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Shirong Tang
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, PR China
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