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Chakrawal A, Lindahl BD, Manzoni S. Modelling optimal ligninolytic activity during plant litter decomposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:866-880. [PMID: 38343140 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
A large fraction of plant litter comprises recalcitrant aromatic compounds (lignin and other phenolics). Quantifying the fate of aromatic compounds is difficult, because oxidative degradation of aromatic carbon (C) is a costly but necessary endeavor for microorganisms, and we do not know when gains from the decomposition of aromatic C outweigh energetic costs. To evaluate these tradeoffs, we developed a litter decomposition model in which the aromatic C decomposition rate is optimized dynamically to maximize microbial growth for the given costs of maintaining ligninolytic activity. We tested model performance against > 200 litter decomposition datasets collected from published literature and assessed the effects of climate and litter chemistry on litter decomposition. The model predicted a time-varying ligninolytic oxidation rate, which was used to calculate the lag time before the decomposition of aromatic C is initiated. Warmer conditions increased decomposition rates, shortened the lag time of aromatic C oxidation, and improved microbial C-use efficiency by decreasing the costs of oxidation. Moreover, a higher initial content of aromatic C promoted an earlier start of aromatic C decomposition under any climate. With this contribution, we highlight the application of eco-evolutionary approaches based on optimized microbial life strategies as an alternative parametrization scheme for litter decomposition models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Chakrawal
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil and Environment, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Zhang Y, Ren Y, Zhou S, Ning X, Wang X, Yang Y, Sun S, Vinay N, Bahn M, Han J, Liu Y, Xiong Y, Liao Y, Mo F. Spatio-temporal microbial regulation of aggregate-associated priming effects under contrasting tillage practices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171564. [PMID: 38460685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Tillage intensity significantly influences the heterogeneous distribution and dynamic changes of soil microorganisms, consequently shaping spatio-temporal patterns of SOC decomposition. However, little is known about the microbial mechanisms by which tillage intensity regulates the priming effect (PE) dynamics in heterogeneous spatial environments such as aggregates. Herein, a microcosm experiment was established by adding 13C-labeled straw residue to three distinct aggregate-size classes (i.e., mega-, macro-, and micro-aggregates) from two long-term contrasting tillage histories (no-till [NT] and conventional plow tillage [CT]) for 160 days to observe the spatio-temporal variations in PE. Metagenomic sequencing and Fourier transform mid-infrared techniques were used to assess the relative importance of C-degrading functional genes, microbial community succession, and SOC chemical composition in the aggregate-associated PE dynamics during straw decomposition. Spatially, straw addition induced a positive PE for all aggregates, with stronger PE occurring in larger aggregates, especially in CT soil compared to NT soil. Larger aggregates have more unique microbial communities enriched in genes for simple C degradation (e.g., E5.1.3.6, E2.4.1.7, pmm-pgm, and KduD in Nitrosospeera and Burkholderia), contributing to the higher short-term PE; however, CT soils harbored more genes for complex C degradation (e.g., TSTA3, fcl, pmm-pgm, and K06871 in Gammaproteobacteria and Phycicoccus), supporting a stronger long-term PE. Temporally, soil aggregates played a significant role in the early-stage PEs (i.e., < 59 days after residue addition) through co-metabolism and nitrogen (N) mining, as evidenced by the increased microbial biomass C and dissolved organic C (DOC) and reduced inorganic N with increasing aggregate-size class. At a later stage, however, the legacy effect of tillage histories controlled the PEs via microbial stoichiometry decomposition, as suggested by the higher DOC-to-inorganic N and DOC-to-available P stoichiometries in CT than NT. Our study underscores the importance of incorporating both spatial and temporal microbial dynamics for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying SOC priming, especially in the context of long-term contrasting tillage practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yunfei Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Shenglin Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Ning
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, PR China
| | - Yanming Yang
- College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, PR China
| | - Shikun Sun
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Nangia Vinay
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 6299-10112, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Juan Han
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Youcai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yuncheng Liao
- Collage of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030800, PR China
| | - Fei Mo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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3
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Maes SL, Dietrich J, Midolo G, Schwieger S, Kummu M, Vandvik V, Aerts R, Althuizen IHJ, Biasi C, Björk RG, Böhner H, Carbognani M, Chiari G, Christiansen CT, Clemmensen KE, Cooper EJ, Cornelissen JHC, Elberling B, Faubert P, Fetcher N, Forte TGW, Gaudard J, Gavazov K, Guan Z, Guðmundsson J, Gya R, Hallin S, Hansen BB, Haugum SV, He JS, Hicks Pries C, Hovenden MJ, Jalava M, Jónsdóttir IS, Juhanson J, Jung JY, Kaarlejärvi E, Kwon MJ, Lamprecht RE, Le Moullec M, Lee H, Marushchak ME, Michelsen A, Munir TM, Myrsky EM, Nielsen CS, Nyberg M, Olofsson J, Óskarsson H, Parker TC, Pedersen EP, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Raundrup K, Ravn NMR, Rinnan R, Rodenhizer H, Ryde I, Schmidt NM, Schuur EAG, Sjögersten S, Stark S, Strack M, Tang J, Tolvanen A, Töpper JP, Väisänen MK, van Logtestijn RSP, Voigt C, Walz J, Weedon JT, Yang Y, Ylänne H, Björkman MP, Sarneel JM, Dorrepaal E. Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra. Nature 2024; 629:105-113. [PMID: 38632407 PMCID: PMC11062900 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon1,2. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere3,4. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain5-7. This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon-climate feedback projections7,8. Here we synthesize 136 datasets from 56 open-top chamber in situ warming experiments located at 28 arctic and alpine tundra sites which have been running for less than 1 year up to 25 years. We show that a mean rise of 1.4 °C [confidence interval (CI) 0.9-2.0 °C] in air and 0.4 °C [CI 0.2-0.7 °C] in soil temperature results in an increase in growing season ecosystem respiration by 30% [CI 22-38%] (n = 136). Our findings indicate that the stimulation of ecosystem respiration was due to increases in both plant-related and microbial respiration (n = 9) and continued for at least 25 years (n = 136). The magnitude of the warming effects on respiration was driven by variation in warming-induced changes in local soil conditions, that is, changes in total nitrogen concentration and pH and by context-dependent spatial variation in these conditions, in particular total nitrogen concentration and the carbon:nitrogen ratio. Tundra sites with stronger nitrogen limitations and sites in which warming had stimulated plant and microbial nutrient turnover seemed particularly sensitive in their respiration response to warming. The results highlight the importance of local soil conditions and warming-induced changes therein for future climatic impacts on respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Maes
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden.
- Forest Ecology and Management Group (FORECOMAN), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - J Dietrich
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - G Midolo
- Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - S Schwieger
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Kummu
- Water and development research group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - V Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Aerts
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I H J Althuizen
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORCE Climate and Environment, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Biasi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Böhner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - M Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Chiari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C T Christiansen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K E Clemmensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E J Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J H C Cornelissen
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Elberling
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Faubert
- Carbone Boréal, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Fetcher
- Institute for Environmental Science and Sustainability, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - T G W Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - J Gaudard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Gavazov
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Z Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - J Guðmundsson
- Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - R Gya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B B Hansen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
- Gjærevoll Centre for Biodiversity Foresight Analyses & Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S V Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- The Heathland Centre, Alver, Norway
| | - J-S He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - C Hicks Pries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - M J Hovenden
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Mountain Research Facility, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - M Jalava
- Water and development research group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - I S Jónsdóttir
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - J Juhanson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Y Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - E Kaarlejärvi
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M J Kwon
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
- Institute of Soil Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R E Lamprecht
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Le Moullec
- Gjærevoll Centre for Biodiversity Foresight Analyses & Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - H Lee
- NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M E Marushchak
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Michelsen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T M Munir
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - E M Myrsky
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C S Nielsen
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- SEGES Innovation P/S, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Nyberg
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - H Óskarsson
- Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T C Parker
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - E P Pedersen
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Petit Bon
- Department of Wildland Resources, Quinney College of Natural Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - A Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - K Raundrup
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - N M R Ravn
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Rinnan
- Center for Volatile Interactions, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Rodenhizer
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - I Ryde
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N M Schmidt
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E A G Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - S Sjögersten
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - S Stark
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - M Strack
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Tang
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - A Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J P Töpper
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - M K Väisänen
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - R S P van Logtestijn
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Voigt
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Soil Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Walz
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - J T Weedon
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Ylänne
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - M P Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J M Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
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Zhou Z, Su P, Yang J, Shi R, Ding X. Warming affects leaf light use efficiency and functional traits in alpine plants: evidence from a 4-year in-situ field experiment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1353762. [PMID: 38567127 PMCID: PMC10985207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1353762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Light use efficiency (LUE) is a crucial determinant of plant productivity, while leaf functional traits directly affect ecosystem functions. However, it remains unclear how climate warming affects LUE and leaf functional traits of dominant species in alpine meadows. Methods We conducted a 4-year in-situ field warming experiment to investigate the eco-physiological characteristics for a dominant species (Elymus nutans) and a common species (Potentilla anserina) on the Tibetan Plateau. The leaf traits, photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics were measured, along with the soil physical-chemical properties associated with the two species. Results and discussions Experimental warming increased the leaf LUE, maximum photochemical efficiency, non-photochemical quenching, relative water content and specific leaf area for both species. However, there was a decrease in leaf and soil element content. Different species exhibit varying adaptability to warming. Increasing temperature significantly increased the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, total water content, and specific leaf volume of E. nutans; however, all these traits exhibited an opposite trend in P. anserina. Warming has a direct negative impact on leaf LUE and an indirectly enhances LUE through its effects on leaf traits. The impact of warming on plant photosynthetic capacity is primarily mediated by soil nutrients and leaf traits. These results indicate that the two different species employ distinct adaptive strategies in response to climate change, which are related to their species-specific variations. Such changes can confer an adaptive advantage for plant to cope with environmental change and potentially lead to alterations to ecosystem structure and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peixi Su
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinjing Ding
- School of Geography, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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5
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Knizikevičius R. Michaelis-Menten kinetics during dry etching processes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299039. [PMID: 38427648 PMCID: PMC10906853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical etching of germanium in Br2 environment at elevated temperatures is described by the Michaelis-Menten equation. The validity limit of Michaelis-Menten kinetics is subjected to the detailed analysis. The steady-state etching rate requires synergy of two different process parameters. High purity gas should be directed to the substrate on which intermediate reaction product does not accumulate. Theoretical calculations indicate that maximum etching rate is maintained when 99.89% of the germanium surface is covered by the reaction product, and 99.9999967% of the incident Br2 molecules are reflected from the substrate surface. Under these conditions, single GeBr2 molecule is formed after 30 million collisions of Br2 molecules with the germanium surface.
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6
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Huang X, Wang K, Wen X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Rong J, Nie M, Fu C, Zheng B, Yuan Z, Gong L, Zhan H, Shen R. Flooding duration affects the temperature sensitivity of soil extracellular enzyme activities in a lakeshore wetland in Poyang Lake, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162397. [PMID: 36848996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular enzymes play central roles in the biogeochemical cycles in wetland ecosystems. Their activities are strongly impacted by hydrothermal conditions. Under the ongoing global change, many studies reported the individual effects of flooding and warming on extracellular enzyme activities, however, few researches investigated their interactive effects. Therefore, the current study aims to determine the responses of extracellular enzyme activities to warming in wetland soils under divergent flooding regimes. We investigated the temperature sensitivity of seven extracellular enzymes related to carbon (α-glucosidase, AG; β-glucosidase, BG; cellobiohydrolase, CBH; β-xylosidase, XYL), nitrogen (β-N-acetyl -glucosaminidase, NAG; leucine aminopeptidase, LAP), and phosphorus (Phosphatase, PHOS) cycling along the flooding duration gradient in a lakeshore wetland of Poyang Lake, China. The Q10 value, calculated using a temperature gradient (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C), was adopted to represent the temperature sensitivity. The average Q10 values of AG, BG, CBH, XYL, NAG, LAP, and PHOS in the lakeshore wetland were 2.75 ± 0.76, 2.91 ± 0.69, 3.34 ± 0.75, 3.01 ± 0.69, 3.02 ± 1.11, 2.21 ± 0.39, and 3.33 ± 0.72, respectively. The Q10 values of all the seven soil extracellular enzymes significantly and positively correlated with flooding duration. The Q10 values of NAG, AG and BG were more sensitive to the changes in flooding duration than other enzymes. The Q10 values of the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus-related enzymes were mainly determined by flooding duration, pH, clay, and substrate quality. Flooding duration was the most dominant driver for the Q10 of BG, XYL, NAG, LAP, and PHOS. In contrast, the Q10 values of AG and CBH were primarily affected by pH and clay content, respectively. This study indicated that flooding regime was a key factor regulating soil biogeochemical processes of wetland ecosystems under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland Conservation and Restoration National Permanent Scientific Research Base, National Ecosystem Research Station of Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and the CAS engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Xiuting Wen
- Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Jun Rong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland Conservation and Restoration National Permanent Scientific Research Base, National Ecosystem Research Station of Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Chun Fu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, School of Infrastructure Engineering, Jiangxi Regional Economic Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Bofu Zheng
- Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Zhifen Yuan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Leiqiang Gong
- Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland Conservation and Restoration National Permanent Scientific Research Base, National Ecosystem Research Station of Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve Authority, Nanchang 330038, PR China
| | - Huiying Zhan
- Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland Conservation and Restoration National Permanent Scientific Research Base, National Ecosystem Research Station of Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve Authority, Nanchang 330038, PR China
| | - Ruichang Shen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland Conservation and Restoration National Permanent Scientific Research Base, National Ecosystem Research Station of Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China.
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7
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Zhao Z, Wu Y, Chen W, Sun W, Wang Z, Liu G, Xue S. Soil enzyme kinetics and thermodynamics in response to long-term vegetation succession. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163542. [PMID: 37076007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Our current knowledge regarding soil organic matter (SOM) turnover during vegetation succession is often limited to conventional C decomposition models. However, microbial enzyme-mediated SOM degradation and nutrient cycling are mainly reflected in the kinetic parameters of these enzymes. Changes in the composition and structure of plant communities are typically accompanied by alterations in soil ecological functions. Therefore, it is important to clarify the kinetic parameters of soil enzymes and their temperature sensitivity in response to vegetation succession, especially under the current trend of climate change-related global warming; however, these are still understudied. Here, we examined the kinetic parameters of soil enzymes, their temperature sensitivity, and their associations with environmental variables over long-term (approximately 160 years) vegetation succession on the Loess Plateau using a space-for-time substitution method. We found that the kinetic parameters of soil enzymes changed significantly during vegetation succession. Specific response characteristics varied depending on the enzyme. Overall, the temperature sensitivity (Q10, 0.79-1.87) and activation energy (Ea, 8.69-41.49 kJ·mol-1) remained stable during long-term succession. Compared with N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase was more sensitive to extreme temperatures. In particular, two kinetic parameters (i.e., maximum reaction rate, Vmax; half-saturation constant, Km) of β-glucosidase were decoupled at low (5 °C) and high (35 °C) temperatures. Overall, Vmax was the primary determinant of variations of enzyme catalytic efficiency (Kcat) during succession, and soil total nutrients had a greater impact on Kcat than available nutrients. Our results suggested that soil ecosystems played an increasingly important role as a C source during long-term vegetation succession, as indicated by the positive responses of the C cycling enzyme Kcat, while the factors related to soil N and P cycling remained relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZiWen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - WenJing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - ZhanHui Wang
- Hebei Drinking Water Safety Monitoring Technology Innovation Center, Chengde 067000, China
| | - GuoBin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China.
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8
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Domeignoz-Horta LA, Pold G, Erb H, Sebag D, Verrecchia E, Northen T, Louie K, Eloe-Fadrosh E, Pennacchio C, Knorr MA, Frey SD, Melillo JM, DeAngelis KM. Substrate availability and not thermal acclimation controls microbial temperature sensitivity response to long-term warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1574-1590. [PMID: 36448874 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbes are responsible for cycling carbon (C) through soils, and predicted changes in soil C stocks under climate change are highly sensitive to shifts in the mechanisms assumed to control the microbial physiological response to warming. Two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the long-term warming impact on microbial physiology: microbial thermal acclimation and changes in the quantity and quality of substrates available for microbial metabolism. Yet studies disentangling these two mechanisms are lacking. To resolve the drivers of changes in microbial physiology in response to long-term warming, we sampled soils from 13- and 28-year-old soil warming experiments in different seasons. We performed short-term laboratory incubations across a range of temperatures to measure the relationships between temperature sensitivity of physiology (growth, respiration, carbon use efficiency, and extracellular enzyme activity) and the chemical composition of soil organic matter. We observed apparent thermal acclimation of microbial respiration, but only in summer, when warming had exacerbated the seasonally-induced, already small dissolved organic matter pools. Irrespective of warming, greater quantity and quality of soil carbon increased the extracellular enzymatic pool and its temperature sensitivity. We propose that fresh litter input into the system seasonally cancels apparent thermal acclimation of C-cycling processes to decadal warming. Our findings reveal that long-term warming has indirectly affected microbial physiology via reduced C availability in this system, implying that earth system models including these negative feedbacks may be best suited to describe long-term warming effects on these soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A Domeignoz-Horta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Grace Pold
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hailey Erb
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Sebag
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rueil-Malmaison, France
- Faculty of Geosciences and the Environment, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Verrecchia
- Faculty of Geosciences and the Environment, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Trent Northen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- The DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Katherine Louie
- The DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Emiley Eloe-Fadrosh
- The DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christa Pennacchio
- The DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Melissa A Knorr
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Serita D Frey
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jerry M Melillo
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratories, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristen M DeAngelis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Liáng LL, Kirschbaum MUF, Arcus VL, Schipper LA. The carbon-quality temperature hypothesis: Fact or artefact? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:935-942. [PMID: 36420956 PMCID: PMC10099867 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming can reduce global soil carbon stocks by enhancing microbial decomposition. However, the magnitude of this loss remains uncertain because the temperature sensitivity of the decomposition of the major fraction of soil carbon, namely resistant carbon, is not fully known. It is now believed that the resistance of soil carbon mostly depends on microbial accessibility of soil carbon with physical protection being the primary control of the decomposition of protected carbon, which is insensitive to temperature changes. However, it is still unclear whether the temperature sensitivity of the decomposition of unprotected carbon, for example, carbon that is not protected by the soil mineral matrix, may depend on the chemical recalcitrance of carbon compounds. In particular, the carbon-quality temperature (CQT) hypothesis asserts that recalcitrant low-quality carbon is more temperature-sensitive to decomposition than labile high-quality carbon. If the hypothesis is correct, climate warming could amplify the loss of unprotected, but chemically recalcitrant, carbon and the resultant CO2 release from soils to the atmosphere. Previous research has supported this hypothesis based on reported negative relationships between temperature sensitivity and carbon quality, defined as the decomposition rate at a reference temperature. Here we show that negative relationships can arise simply from the arbitrary choice of reference temperature, inherently invalidating those tests. To avoid this artefact, we defined the carbon quality of different compounds as their uncatalysed reaction rates in the absence of enzymes. Taking the uncatalysed rate as the carbon quality index, we found that the CQT hypothesis is not supported for enzyme-catalysed reactions, which showed no relationship between carbon quality and temperature sensitivity. The lack of correlation in enzyme-catalysed reactions implies similar temperature sensitivity for microbial decomposition of soil carbon, regardless of its quality, thereby allaying concerns of acceleration of warming-induced decomposition of recalcitrant carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lìyǐn L. Liáng
- Manaaki Whenua − Landcare ResearchPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | | | - Vickery L. Arcus
- Te Aka Mātuatua ‐ School of ScienceUniversity of WaikatoHamiltonNew Zealand
| | - Louis A. Schipper
- Te Aka Mātuatua ‐ School of ScienceUniversity of WaikatoHamiltonNew Zealand
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10
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Solarte ME, Solarte Erazo Y, Ramírez Cupacán E, Enríquez Paz C, Melgarejo LM, Lasso E, Flexas J, Gulias J. Photosynthetic Traits of Páramo Plants Subjected to Short-Term Warming in OTC Chambers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3110. [PMID: 36432839 PMCID: PMC9695496 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and changes in land use are some of the main threats to high mountain species. Both can interact in ways not yet assessed. In this study, we evaluated the photosynthetic responses of six common páramo species within a warming experiment using open-top chambers (OTC) in conserved páramo areas with different land use histories. We did not find significant differences in the photochemical performance of the species as measured through Fv/Fm, ETR, and NPQ in response to passive warming, indicating that warmed plants are not stressed. However, NPQ values were higher in recovering areas, especially in the driest and warmest months. Leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance, and Ci were not affected by the OTC or the land use history. The photosynthetic capacity, maximum photosynthetic capacity, and carboxylation rate of RuBisCO increased in response to warming but only in the area with no anthropogenic intervention. These results suggest that species will respond differently to warming depending on the history of páramo use, and therefore not all páramo communities will respond equally to climate change. In disturbed sites with altered soil conditions, plants could have a lower breadth of physiological response to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Solarte
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Investigación Biología de Páramos y Ecosistemas Andinos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto 52001, Colombia
| | - Yisela Solarte Erazo
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Investigación Biología de Páramos y Ecosistemas Andinos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto 52001, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth Ramírez Cupacán
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Investigación Biología de Páramos y Ecosistemas Andinos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto 52001, Colombia
| | - Camila Enríquez Paz
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Investigación Biología de Páramos y Ecosistemas Andinos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto 52001, Colombia
| | - Luz Marina Melgarejo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioquímica Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Bogota 111321, Colombia
| | - Eloisa Lasso
- Grupo de Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal EcoFiv, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Vegetal en Condiciones Mediterráneas, Departamento de Biología, Universitat de Les Illes Balears (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Javier Gulias
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Vegetal en Condiciones Mediterráneas, Departamento de Biología, Universitat de Les Illes Balears (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
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11
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Zhou Z, Tian F, Zhao X, Zhang K, Han S. Short-term but not long-term perennial mugwort cropping increases soil organic carbon in Northern China Plain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975169. [PMID: 36299779 PMCID: PMC9589220 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perennial cropping has been an alternative land use type due to its widely accepted role in increasing soil carbon sequestration. However, how soil organic carbon (SOC) changes and its underlying mechanisms under different cropping years are still elusive. A chronosequence (0-, 3-, 6-, 20-year) of perennial mugwort cropping was chosen to explore the SOC dynamics and the underlying mechanisms in agricultural soils of Northern China Plain. The results revealed that SOC first increased and then decreased along the 20-year chronosequence. The similar patterns were also found in soil properties (including soil ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and phosphorus) and two C-degrading hydrolytic enzyme activities (i.e., α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase). The path analysis demonstrated that soil ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, and plant biomass affected SOC primarily through the indirect impacts on soil pH, total phosphorus availability, and C-degrading hydrolytic enzyme activities. In addition, the contributions of soil properties are greater than those of biotic factors (plant biomass) to changes in SOC across the four mugwort cropping years. Nevertheless, the biotic factors may play more important roles in regulating SOC than abiotic factors in the long run. Moreover, SOC reached its maximum and was equaled to that under the conventional rotation when cropping mugwort for 7.44 and 14.88 years, respectively, which has critical implications for sustainable C sequestration of agricultural soils in Northern China Plain. Our observations suggest that short-term but not long-term perennial mugwort cropping is an alternative practice benefiting soil C sequestration and achieving the Carbon Neutrality goal in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhou
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- Taihang Mountain Forest Pests Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Linzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Furong Tian
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- Taihang Mountain Forest Pests Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Linzhou, China
| | - Shijie Han
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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12
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Cui J, Ge T, Nie M, Kuzyakov Y, Alharbi S, Fang C, Deng Z. Contrasting effects of maize litter and litter-derived biochar on the temperature sensitivity of paddy soil organic matter decomposition. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008744. [PMID: 36246287 PMCID: PMC9557949 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic matter input regulates the rate and temperature sensitivity (expressed as Q10) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition by changing microbial composition and activities. It remains unclear how the incorporation of litter-made biochar instead of litter affects the Q10 of SOM decomposition. Using a unique combination of two-and three-source partitioning methods (isotopic discrimination between C3/C4 pathways and 14C labeling), we investigated: (1) how maize litter versus litter-made biochar (of C4 origin) addition influenced the Q10 of SOM (C3 origin) under 10°C warming, and (2) how the litter or biochar amendments affected the Q10 of 14C-labeled fresh organic matter (FOM) after long-term incubation. Compared with biochar addition, litter increased the rates and Q10 of mass-specific respiration, SOM and FOM decomposition, as well as the contents of SOM-derived dissolved organic C (DOC) and total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). Litter-amended soils have much higher activities (Vmax) of β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and leucine aminopeptidase, suggesting larger enzyme pools than in soils with biochar. The Q10 of enzyme Vmax (1.6–2.0) and Km (1.2–1.4) were similar between litter-and biochar-amended soils, and remained stable with warming. However, warming reduced microbial biomass (PLFA) and enzyme activity (Vmax), suggesting decreased enzyme production associated with smaller microbial biomass or faster enzyme turnover at higher temperatures. Reductions in PLFA content and enzyme Vmax due to warming were larger in litter-amended soils (by 31%) than in the control and biochar-amended soils (by 4–11%), implying the active litter-feeding microorganisms have a smaller degree of heat tolerance than the inactive microorganisms under biochar amendments. The reduction in enzyme activity (Vmax) by warming was lower in soils with biochar than in the control soil. Our modeling suggested that the higher Q10 in litter-amended soils was mainly caused by faster C loss under warming, linked to reductions in microbial biomass and growth efficiency, rather than the slightly increased SOM-originated substrate availability (DOC). Overall, using straw-made biochar instead of straw per se as a soil amendment lowers the Q10 of SOM and FOM by making microbial communities and enzyme pools more temperature-tolerant, and consequently reduces SOM losses under warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Coastal Saline Soils, Jiangsu Coastal Biological Agriculture Synthetic Innovation Center, Yancheng Teachers’ University, Yancheng, China
| | - Tida Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Agro-Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sulaiman Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changming Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Changming Fang,
| | - Zifa Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zifa Deng,
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13
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Wu Y, Zhou H, Sun W, Zhao Q, Liang M, Chen W, Guo Z, Jiang Y, Jiang Y, Liu G, Xue S. Temperature sensitivity of soil enzyme kinetics under N and P fertilization in an alpine grassland, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156042. [PMID: 35597335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil nutrient cycling can be best studied by supplementing the soil with N and P fertilizers. Soil enzyme kinetic parameters (Vmax and Km) can be used to reflect the maximum reaction rates and affinities of soil enzymes. However, how N and P fertilizers affect the temperature sensitivity of soil enzyme kinetics is poorly understood. Therefore, our study investigated the response of soil enzyme kinetic temperature sensitivity relevant to C, N, and P cycles based on a 9-year fertilization (N and P) experiment performed in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China. Our results showed the following: N and P addition positively affected the Km of β-glucosidase (BG); P and NP interaction significantly increased the Km of phosphatase (AP), indicating that N and P addition significantly negatively affected the substrate affinity of soil enzymes. The temperature sensitivity of Michaelis-Menten kinetics was different for different enzymes. N and P fertilization decreased the temperature sensitivity of Km of BG but increased the temperature sensitivity of the Km of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) and AP. In our study, P and NP fertilization increased the temperature sensitivity and activation energy of the Vmax of BG, indicating that P elements promoted the secretion of more extracellular enzymes by soil microbes to cope with temperature changes. The enzymes involved in the soil N and P cycle responded to the exogenous N and P through increases and decreases in the temperature sensitivity of the Km and Vmax, respectively. This study is crucial for investigating the impact of nutrient input on soil ecosystem functions under future climate warming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - HuaKun Zhou
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Regions, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - QiFan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Meng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - WenJing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - ZiQi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - YaoKun Jiang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yue Jiang
- College of Economics & Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - GuoBin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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14
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For biotechnological applications: Purification and characterization of recombinant and nanoconjugated xylanase enzyme from thermophilic Bacillus subtilis. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Liu P, Guo J, Miao L, Liu H. Enhancing the secretion of a feruloyl esterase in Bacillus subtilis by signal peptide screening and rational design. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 200:106165. [PMID: 36038098 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Feruloyl esterase is a subclass of α/β hydrolase, which could release ferulic acid from biomass residues for use as an efficient additive in food or pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, a feruloyl esterase with broad substrate specificity was characterised and secreted by Bacillus subtilis WB600. After codon usage optimisation and signal peptide library screening, the secretion amount of feruloyl esterase was enhanced by up to 10.2-fold in comparison with the base strain. The site-specific amino acid substitutions that facilitate protein folding further improved the secretion by about 1.5-fold. The purified rationally designed enzyme exhibited maximal activity against methyl ferulate at pH 6.5 and 65 °C. In the solid-state fermentation, the genetically engineered B. subtilis released about 37% of the total alkali-extractable ferulic acid in maize bran. This study provides a promising candidate for ferulic acid production and demonstrates that the secretion of a heterologous enzyme from B. subtilis can be cumulatively improved by changes in protein sequence features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jingxiao Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lihong Miao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Hanyan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
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16
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Meyer UN, Tischer A, Freitag M, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Oelmann Y, Kandeler E, Hölzel N, Hamer U. Enzyme kinetics inform about mechanistic changes in tea litter decomposition across gradients in land-use intensity in Central German grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155748. [PMID: 35526633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems provide important ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and primary production that are affected by land-use intensity. To assess the effects of land-use intensity, operational and sensitive ecological indicators that integrate effects of grassland management on ecosystem processes such as organic matter turnover are needed. Here, we investigated the suitability of measuring the mass loss of standardized tea litter together with extracellular enzyme kinetics as a proxy of litter decomposition in the topsoil of grasslands along a well-defined land-use intensity gradient (fertilization, mowing, grazing) in Central Germany. Tea bags containing either green tea (high-quality litter) or rooibos tea (low-quality litter) were buried in 5 cm soil depth. Litter mass loss was measured after three (early-stage decomposition) and 12 months (mid-stage decomposition). Based on the fluorescence measurement of the reaction product 4-methylumbelliferone, Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics (Vmax: potential maximum rate of activity; Km: substrate affinity) of five hydrolases involved in the carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-cycle (β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), cellotriohydrolase (CTH), 1,4-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and phosphatase (PH)) were determined in tea litter bags and in the surrounding soil. The land-use intensity index (LUI), summarizing fertilization, mowing, grazing, and in particular the frequency of mowing were identified as important drivers of early-stage tea litter decomposition. Mid-stage decomposition was influenced by grazing intensity. The higher the potential activity of all measured C-, N- and P-targeting enzymes, the higher was the decomposition of both tea litters in the early-phase. During mid-stage decomposition, individual enzyme parameters (Vmax of CTH and PH, Km of CBH) became more important. The tea bag method proved to be a suitable indicator which allows an easy and cost-effective assessment of land-use intensity effects on decay processes in manged grasslands. In combination with enzyme kinetics it is an appealing approach to identify mechanisms driving litter break down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Niklas Meyer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Tischer
- Department of Soil Science, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Freitag
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Insitute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Giessen University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geoecology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 19-23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Department of Soil Biology, University of Hohenheim, Emil Wolff Str. 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ute Hamer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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17
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Hassan W, Li Y, Saba T, Wu J, Bashir S, Bashir S, Gatasheh MK, Diao ZH, Chen Z. Temperature responsiveness of soil carbon fractions, microbes, extracellular enzymes and CO 2 emission: mitigating role of texture. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13151. [PMID: 35539011 PMCID: PMC9080434 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of warming and soil texture on responsiveness of the key soil processes i.e. organic carbon (C) fractions, soil microbes, extracellular enzymes and CO2 emissions remains largely unknown. Global warming raises the relevant question of how different soil processes will respond in near future, and what will be the likely regulatory role of texture? To bridge this gap, this work applied the laboratory incubation method to investigate the effects of temperature changes (10-50 °C) on dynamics of labile, recalcitrant and stable C fractions, soil microbes, microbial biomass, activities of extracellular enzymes and CO2 emissions in sandy and clayey textured soils. The role of texture (sandy and clayey) in the mitigation of temperature effect was also investigated. The results revealed that the temperature sensitivity of C fractions and extracellular enzymes was in the order recalcitrant C fractions > stable C fractions > labile C fractions and oxidative enzymes > hydrolytic enzymes. While temperature sensitivity of soil microbes and biomass was in the order bacteria > actinomycetes > fungi ≈ microbial biomass C (MBC) > microbial biomass N (MBN) > microbial biomass N (MBP). Conversely, the temperature effect and sensitivity of all key soil processes including CO2 emissions were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in sandy than clayey textured soil. Results confirmed that under the scenario of global warming and climate change, soils which are sandy in nature are more susceptible to temperature increase and prone to become the CO2-C sources. It was revealed that clayey texture played an important role in mitigating and easing off the undue temperature influence, hence, the sensitivity of key soil processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Hassan
- Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerischen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture/Laboratory for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu’e Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture/Laboratory for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tahseen Saba
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianshuang Wu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture/Laboratory for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Mansour K. Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeng-Hui Diao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha-Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Nath S, Kango N. Recent Developments in Industrial Mycozymes: A Current Appraisal. Mycology 2022; 13:81-105. [PMID: 35711326 PMCID: PMC9196846 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1974111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi, being natural decomposers, are the most potent, ubiquitous and versatile sources of industrial enzymes. About 60% of market share of industrial enzymes is sourced from filamentous fungi and yeasts. Mycozymes (myco-fungus; zymes-enzymes) are playing a pivotal role in several industrial applications and a number of potential applications are in the offing. The field of mycozyme production, while maintaining the old traditional methods, has also witnessed a sea change due to advents in recombinant DNA technology, optimisation protocols, fermentation technology and systems biology. Consolidated bioprocessing of abundant lignocellulosic biomass and complex polysaccharides is being explored at an unprecedented pace and a number of mycozymes of diverse fungal origins are being explored using suitable platforms. The present review attempts to revisit the current status of various mycozymes, screening and production strategies and applications thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP, India
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19
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Gao J, Wang Y, Li K, Zhang J, Geng X. Comparative analysis of compound NSC13728 as Omomyc homodimer stabilizer by molecular dynamics simulation and MM/GBSA free energy calculation. J Mol Model 2022; 28:92. [PMID: 35294626 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Myc is a master transcriptional regulator that controls almost all cellular processes, whose function is dependent on dimerization with its obligate partner Max. Stabilization of Max homodimer by small molecules (such as compound NSC13728) has proven an effective way to reduce the availability of Myc-Max dimer. Omomyc, a peptide inhibitor of Myc, is able to form Omomyc homodimer, which can competitively inhibit the binding of Myc-Max to the E-box of DNA. Considering the high amino acid sequence homology between Omomyc and Max, we put forward the hypothesis that Max-Max stabilizers could stabilize the Omomyc homodimer. Hence, through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) free energy calculation, we discovered that the stability of Omomyc-Omomyc is remarkably higher than that of Max-Max. Moreover, after adding the compound NSC13728 into the well-defined "Site 3," the binding affinity between two Omomyc monomers can be further increased. Compound NSC13728 has stronger binding interaction to Omomyc-Omomyc than to Max-Max. "Site 3" of Omomyc is more hydrophobic than that of Max, which enlightens us that the more potent Omomyc-Omomyc stabilizers may be hydrophobic in structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221,004, PR, China.
| | - Yinchuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221,004, PR, China
| | - Kaihang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221,004, PR, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221,004, PR, China
| | - Xiaoju Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221,004, PR, China
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20
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Fanin N, Mooshammer M, Sauvadet M, Meng C, Alvarez G, Bernard L, Bertrand I, Blagodatskaya E, Bon L, Fontaine S, Niu S, Lashermes G, Maxwell TL, Weintraub M, Wingate L, Moorhead D, Nottingham A. Soil enzymes in response to climate warming: mechanisms and feedbacks. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fanin
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Marie Sauvadet
- CIRAD UPR GECO F97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique France
- CIRAD, GECO Univ Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Cheng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Gaël Alvarez
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Laëtitia Bernard
- INRAE IRD, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier UMR Eco&Sols Montpellier France
| | - Isabelle Bertrand
- INRAE IRD, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier UMR Eco&Sols Montpellier France
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Halle, Saale Germany
- Agro‐Technological Institute RUDN University Moscow Russia
| | - Lucie Bon
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Gwenaelle Lashermes
- INRAE Université de Reims Champagne‐Ardenne UMR A 614 FARE 51097 Reims France
| | - Tania L. Maxwell
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | | | - Lisa Wingate
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Daryl Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo 2801 W. Bancroft St Toledo Ohio 43606‐3390 USA
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21
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Alves RJE, Callejas IA, Marschmann GL, Mooshammer M, Singh HW, Whitney B, Torn MS, Brodie EL. Kinetic Properties of Microbial Exoenzymes Vary With Soil Depth but Have Similar Temperature Sensitivities Through the Soil Profile. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:735282. [PMID: 34917043 PMCID: PMC8669745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge of the mechanisms driving soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and responses to warming is mainly limited to surface soils, although over 50% of global soil carbon is contained in subsoils. Deep soils have different physicochemical properties, nutrient inputs, and microbiomes, which may harbor distinct functional traits and lead to different SOM dynamics and temperature responses. We hypothesized that kinetic and thermal properties of soil exoenzymes, which mediate SOM depolymerization, vary with soil depth, reflecting microbial adaptation to distinct substrate and temperature regimes. We determined the Michaelis-Menten (MM) kinetics of three ubiquitous enzymes involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) acquisition at six soil depths down to 90 cm at a temperate forest, and their temperature sensitivity based on Arrhenius/Q10 and Macromolecular Rate Theory (MMRT) models over six temperatures between 4–50°C. Maximal enzyme velocity (Vmax) decreased strongly with depth for all enzymes, both on a dry soil mass and a microbial biomass C basis, whereas their affinities increased, indicating adaptation to lower substrate availability. Surprisingly, microbial biomass-specific catalytic efficiencies also decreased with depth, except for the P-acquiring enzyme, indicating distinct nutrient demands at depth relative to microbial abundance. These results suggested that deep soil microbiomes encode enzymes with intrinsically lower turnover and/or produce less enzymes per cell, reflecting distinct life strategies. The relative kinetics between different enzymes also varied with depth, suggesting an increase in relative P demand with depth, or that phosphatases may be involved in C acquisition. Vmax and catalytic efficiency increased consistently with temperature for all enzymes, leading to overall higher SOM-decomposition potential, but enzyme temperature sensitivity was similar at all depths and between enzymes, based on both Arrhenius/Q10 and MMRT models. In a few cases, however, temperature affected differently the kinetic properties of distinct enzymes at discrete depths, suggesting that it may alter the relative depolymerization of different compounds. We show that soil exoenzyme kinetics may reflect intrinsic traits of microbiomes adapted to distinct soil depths, although their temperature sensitivity is remarkably uniform. These results improve our understanding of critical mechanisms underlying SOM dynamics and responses to changing temperatures through the soil profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Eloy Alves
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ileana A Callejas
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gianna L Marschmann
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hans W Singh
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Bizuayehu Whitney
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Margaret S Torn
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Eoin L Brodie
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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22
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Zuo Y, Zhang H, Li J, Yao X, Chen X, Zeng H, Wang W. The effect of soil depth on temperature sensitivity of extracellular enzyme activity decreased with elevation: Evidence from mountain grassland belts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146136. [PMID: 33684769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperature sensitivity of soil extracellular enzyme activity (EEA), indicated by the temperature coefficient Q10, is used to predict the effect of temperature on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling. At present, we lack understanding of elevation and soil depth variations in Q10 of EEA. Here, we measured the Q10 of three enzymes participating in C- (β-1,4-glucosidase, BG), N- (leucine aminopeptidase, LAP), and P- (acid phosphatase, AP) cycling along a vertical grassland belt of China. Soils from five depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-100 cm) were sampled from three elevations (low, <1000 m; middle, 1000-2000 m; high, 2000-3000 m) and incubated at four temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35 °C). The average Q10 of soil EEA ranged from 0.97 to 1.11 and the Q10 of LAP was higher than that of BG and AP. Generally, the Q10 of BG and LAP both increased from low to middle elevation and then decreased, while the Q10 of AP was stable. Moreover, the effect of soil depth on Q10 of EEA was weakened from low elevation to high elevation, and the factors driving Q10 of soil EEA changed with elevation. This study improved the understanding of the vertical pattern of Q10 of soil EEA in water-limited ecosystems, and highlighted that elevation could regulate the effect of soil depth on Q10 of EEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zuo
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongjin Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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23
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Zhou Z, Su P, Wu X, Shi R, Ding X. Leaf and Community Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation of Alpine Plants Under in-situ Warming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690077. [PMID: 34305983 PMCID: PMC8299952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau is highly sensitive to elevated temperatures and has experienced significant climate warming in the last decades. While climate warming is known to greatly impact alpine ecosystems, the gas exchange responses at the leaf and community levels to climate warming in alpine meadow ecosystems remain unclear. In this study, the alpine grass, Elymus nutans, and forb, Potentilla anserina, were grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) for 3 consecutive years to evaluate their response to warming. Gas exchange measurements were used to assess the effects of in-situ warming on leaf- and community-level photosynthetic carbon assimilation based on leaf photosynthetic physiological parameters. We introduced a means of up-scaling photosynthetic measurements from the leaf level to the community level based on six easily measurable parameters, including leaf net photosynthetic rate, fresh leaf mass per unit leaf area, fresh weight of all plant leaves in the community, the percentage of healthy leaves, the percentage of received effective light by leaves in the community, and community coverage. The community-level photosynthetic carbon assimilation and productivity all increased with warming, and the net photosynthetic rate at the leaf level was significantly higher than at the community level. Under elevated temperature, the net photosynthetic rate of E. nutans decreased, while that of P. anserina increased. These results indicated that climate warming may significantly influence plant carbon assimilation, which could alter alpine meadow community composition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peixi Su
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiukun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinjing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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24
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Tan X, Nie Y, Ma X, Guo Z, Liu Y, Tian H, Megharaj M, Shen W, He W. Soil chemical properties rather than the abundance of active and potentially active microorganisms control soil enzyme kinetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144500. [PMID: 33736358 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil enzymes secreted by microorganisms play a critical role in nutrient cycling, soil structure maintenance, and crop production. However, understanding of the linkage between soil enzyme kinetics and microbial metabolism and active microbial communities is remarkably limited. In this study, we measured the kinetics of three hydrolase enzymes, active microbial abundance and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) from 21 farmlands differing in their fertilities collected from the Loess Plateau, China. Results showed the high fertility soils had higher total organic carbon (TOC) and nutrient contents, potential microbial activity, the colony-forming units (CFU) of actinomycetes, and values of enzyme Vmax and Km than those of low fertility soils. We also observed that the CFU of fungi and other bacterial groups did not change with soil fertility status. Soil chemical properties explained 74.0% of the variance in Vmax and 28.3% of the variance in Km, respectively. Whereas, the abundance of main microbial groups and fungi/bacteria ratio only explained 10.2% and 7% of the variance of Vmax and Km, respectively. The interactive effect of soil properties and microbial community could explain 20.2% of the variance in Km. Our results suggest that the substrate availability would mainly drive enzyme kinetics compared to the abundance of active/potentially active microbes in the farmland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Rd., Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yanxia Nie
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Rd., Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Rd., Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Rd., Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Rd., Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Haixia Tian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Weijun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Rd., Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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25
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Alster CJ, von Fischer JC, Allison SD, Treseder KK. Embracing a new paradigm for temperature sensitivity of soil microbes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3221-3229. [PMID: 32097522 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivity of soil processes is of major interest, especially in light of climate change. Originally formulated to explain the temperature dependence of chemical reactions, the Arrhenius equation, and related Q10 temperature coefficient, has a long history of application to soil biological processes. However, empirical data indicate that Q10 and Arrhenius model are often poor metrics of temperature sensitivity in soils. In this opinion piece, we aim to (a) review alternative approaches for characterizing temperature sensitivity, focusing on macromolecular rate theory (MMRT); (b) provide strategies and tools for implementing a new temperature sensitivity framework; (c) develop thermal adaptation hypotheses for the MMRT framework; and (d) explore new questions and opportunities stemming from this paradigm shift. Microbial ecologists should consider developing and adopting MMRT as the basis for predicting biological rates as a function of temperature. Improved understanding of temperature sensitivity in soils is particularly pertinent as microbial response to temperature has a large impact on global climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Alster
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C von Fischer
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Steven D Allison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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26
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Liu Y, Tan X, Wang Y, Guo Z, He D, Fu S, Wan S, Ye Q, Zhang W, Liu W, Shen W. Responses of litter, organic and mineral soil enzyme kinetics to 6 years of canopy and understory nitrogen additions in a temperate forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136383. [PMID: 31931193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition could profoundly impact soil carbon, N and phosphorus cycling that are often regulated by extracellular enzymes. The potential activities of enzymes in response to N deposition have been studied extensively, but the kinetic mechanisms in response to canopy and understory N additions in different soil layers are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a six-year-long field manipulation experiment in a temperate deciduous forest to reveal the kinetic characteristics of seven extracellular hydrolytic enzymes in the litter, organic and mineral soil layers in response to canopy and understory N additions. Canopy N addition and understory N addition exerted similar effects on the kinetics parameters (Vmax and Km) of most enzymes under study. The kinetics parameters of most enzymes generally increased in the litter layer but decreased in the organic layer and had little change in the mineral soil layer in response to N addition. In addition, the changed kinetic parameters were mainly correlated with moisture in the litter layer, with pH, substrate properties (TC, TN, DOC and DON) and microbial communities (G+, G-, total bacterial and fungal biomass) in the organic and mineral soil layers. These findings indicate that enzyme kinetics responses to N deposition differ in soil layers with varying determinant factors, and therefore are driven by various physical, chemical and microbial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiangping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yaya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Dan He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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27
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Shen H, Dong S, Li S, Wang W, Xiao J, Yang M, Zhang J, Gao X, Xu Y, Zhi Y, Liu S, Dong Q, Zhou H, Yeomans JC. Effects of Warming and N Deposition on the Physiological Performances of Leymus secalinus in Alpine Meadow of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1804. [PMID: 32153598 PMCID: PMC7047333 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Warming and Nitrogen (N) deposition are key global changes that may affect eco-physiological process of territorial plants. In this paper, we examined the effects of warming, N deposition, and their combination effect on the physiological performances of Leymus secalinus. Four treatments were established in an alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau: control (CK), warming (W), N deposition (N), and warming plus N deposition (NW). Warming significantly decreased the photosynthetic rate (Anet ), stomatal conductance (gs ), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ), and transpiration rate (Tr ), while N deposition and warming plus N deposition significantly increased those parameters of L. secalinus. Warming significantly increased the VPD and Ls , while N deposition and warming plus N deposition had a significant positive effect. Warming negatively reduced the leaf N content, Chla, Chlb, and total Chl content, while N deposition significantly promoted these traits. Warming, N deposition, and their combination significantly increased the activity of SOD, POD, and CAT. Besides, warming and warming plus N deposition significantly increased the MDA content, while N deposition significantly decreased the MDA content. N deposition and warming plus N deposition significantly increased the Rubisco activity, while warming showed no significant effect on Rubisco activity. N deposition and warming plus N deposition significantly increased the Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP, and decreased NPQ, while warming significantly decreased the Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP, and increased NPQ. N deposition strengthened the relations between gs , Chl, Chla, Chlb, Rubisco activity, and Anet . Under warming, only gs showed a significantly positive relation with Anet . Our findings suggested that warming could impair the photosynthetic potential of L. secalinus enhanced by N deposition. Additionally, the combination of warming and N deposition still tend to lead positive effects on L. secalinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Li
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- School of Life and Geographic Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Jiannan Xiao
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yudan Xu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangliu Zhi
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanming Dong
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Are in Qinghai Province, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
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28
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Zhang Y, Zhang N, Yin J, Yang F, Zhao Y, Jiang Z, Tao J, Yan X, Qiu Y, Guo H, Hu S. Combination of warming and N inputs increases the temperature sensitivity of soil N 2O emission in a Tibetan alpine meadow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135450. [PMID: 31896220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many high-elevation alpine ecosystems have been experiencing significant increases in air temperature and, to a lesser extent, nitrogen (N) deposition. These changes may affect N-cycling microbes and enhance emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O, a potent greenhouse gas) from soil. However, few studies have investigated whether and how the resulting changes in N-cycling microbes may affect the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of N2O emission and in turn feed back to N2O emissions. We conducted two incubation experiments to examine N2O emissions and their temperature sensitivities in soils that had experienced 3-yr field treatments of warming, N inputs and their combination in a Tibetan alpine meadow. Our results showed that neither N inputs nor warming alone affected the rate or Q10 of soil N2O emission, but combining the two significantly increased both parameters. Also, combined N and warming significantly increased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), corresponding with high soil N2O emission. In addition, N2O emission from nitrification accounted for 60-80% of total emissions in all soils, indicating that nitrifying microbes dominated the N2O production and its temperature sensitivity. Using random forest (RF) and structural equation model (SEM) analyses, we further evaluated the effects of various soil characteristics on soil N2O emissions and Q10. We identified soil moisture, pH, N mineralization and AOB abundance as the main predictors of the Q10 of N2O emissions. Together, these findings suggest that alterations in soil moisture, pH and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria induced by long-term N inputs and warming may increase temperature sensitivity of soil N2O emissions, leading to a positive climate feedback in this high-altitude alpine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingjing Yin
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yexin Zhao
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhongquan Jiang
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinjin Tao
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuebin Yan
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunpeng Qiu
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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29
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Ye JS, Bradford MA, Dacal M, Maestre FT, García-Palacios P. Increasing microbial carbon use efficiency with warming predicts soil heterotrophic respiration globally. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3354-3364. [PMID: 31216082 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The degree to which climate warming will stimulate soil organic carbon (SOC) losses via heterotrophic respiration remains uncertain, in part because different or even opposite microbial physiology and temperature relationships have been proposed in SOC models. We incorporated competing microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE)-mean annual temperature (MAT) and enzyme kinetic-MAT relationships into SOC models, and compared the simulated mass-specific soil heterotrophic respiration rates with multiple published datasets of measured respiration. The measured data included 110 dryland soils globally distributed and two continental to global-scale cross-biome datasets. Model-data comparisons suggested that a positive CUE-MAT relationship best predicts the measured mass-specific soil heterotrophic respiration rates in soils distributed globally. These results are robust when considering models of increasing complexity and competing mechanisms driving soil heterotrophic respiration-MAT relationships (e.g., carbon substrate availability). Our findings suggest that a warmer climate selects for microbial communities with higher CUE, as opposed to the often hypothesized reductions in CUE by warming based on soil laboratory assays. Our results help to build the impetus for, and confidence in, including microbial mechanisms in soil biogeochemical models used to forecast changes in global soil carbon stocks in response to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mark A Bradford
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marina Dacal
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología and Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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30
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Nottingham AT, Whitaker J, Ostle NJ, Bardgett RD, McNamara NP, Fierer N, Salinas N, Ccahuana AJQ, Turner BL, Meir P. Microbial responses to warming enhance soil carbon loss following translocation across a tropical forest elevation gradient. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1889-1899. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Nottingham
- School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building, Kings Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3FFUK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843‐03092Balboa, Ancon Republic of Panama
| | - Jeanette Whitaker
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster LA1 4APUK
| | - Nick J. Ostle
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Library Avenue Lancaster LA1 4YQUK
| | - Richard D. Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PTUK
| | - Niall P. McNamara
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster LA1 4APUK
| | - Noah Fierer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Norma Salinas
- Seccion Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru Lima Peru
| | - Adan J. Q. Ccahuana
- Facultad de Biología Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Cusco Peru
| | - Benjamin L. Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843‐03092Balboa, Ancon Republic of Panama
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building, Kings Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3FFUK
- Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601Australia
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31
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Crowther TW, van den Hoogen J, Wan J, Mayes MA, Keiser AD, Mo L, Averill C, Maynard DS. The global soil community and its influence on biogeochemistry. Science 2019; 365:365/6455/eaav0550. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil organisms represent the most biologically diverse community on land and govern the turnover of the largest organic matter pool in the terrestrial biosphere. The highly complex nature of these communities at local scales has traditionally obscured efforts to identify unifying patterns in global soil biodiversity and biogeochemistry. As a result, environmental covariates have generally been used as a proxy to represent the variation in soil community activity in global biogeochemical models. Yet over the past decade, broad-scale studies have begun to see past this local heterogeneity to identify unifying patterns in the biomass, diversity, and composition of certain soil groups across the globe. These unifying patterns provide new insights into the fundamental distribution and dynamics of organic matter on land.
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32
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Romero-Olivares AL, Meléndrez-Carballo G, Lago-Lestón A, Treseder KK. Soil Metatranscriptomes Under Long-Term Experimental Warming and Drying: Fungi Allocate Resources to Cell Metabolic Maintenance Rather Than Decay. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1914. [PMID: 31551941 PMCID: PMC6736569 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Earth’s temperature is rising, and with this increase, fungal communities are responding and affecting soil carbon processes. At a long-term soil-warming experiment in a boreal forest in interior Alaska, warming and warming-associated drying alters the function of microbes, and thus, decomposition of carbon. But what genetic mechanisms and resource allocation strategies are behind these community shifts and soil carbon changes? Here, we evaluate fungal resource allocation efforts under long-term experimental warming (including associated drying) using soil metatranscriptomics. We profiled resource allocation efforts toward decomposition and cell metabolic maintenance, and we characterized community composition. We found that under the warming treatment, fungi allocate resources to cell metabolic maintenance at the expense of allocating resources to decomposition. In addition, we found that fungal orders that house taxa with stress-tolerant traits were more abundant under the warmed treatment compared to control conditions. Our results suggest that the warming treatment elicits an ecological tradeoff in resource allocation in the fungal communities, with potential to change ecosystem-scale carbon dynamics. Fungi preferentially invest in mechanisms that will ensure survival under warming and drying, such as cell metabolic maintenance, rather than in decomposition. Through metatranscriptomes, we provide mechanistic insight behind the response of fungi to climate change and consequences to soil carbon processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L Romero-Olivares
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Germán Meléndrez-Carballo
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Asunción Lago-Lestón
- Department of Medical Innovation, Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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33
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Wang Z, Tian H, Tan X, Wang F, Jia H, Megharaj M, He W. Long-term As contamination alters soil enzyme functional stability in response to additional heat disturbance. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:471-480. [PMID: 31091488 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The functional stability of soil enzymes is fundamental to the sustainability of soil biochemical processes and is affected by many environmental stressors. This study focused on the influences of long-term arsenic (As) contamination on soil enzyme functional stability: the resistance (ratio of the disturbed to control) and resilience (integrated recovery rate) of soil enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase) over 30 days incubation after an experimental heat disturbance (50 oC for 18 h). Results showed that the resistance of soil enzymes to heat disturbance differed among the enzyme types and followed the order: urease > β-glucosidase > acid phosphatase > FDA hydrolase. Urease activity was generally not affected and showed high stability against heat disturbance. The β-glucosidase activity recovered to the control level by 30 days, while 80% and 90% recovery on average occurred for acid phosphatase and FDA hydrolase, respectively. Long-term As contamination altered soil enzyme functional resistance and resilience to heat disturbance and resulted in three kinds of responses: (i) no apparent alteration (urease); (ii) moderate As contamination increased enzyme heat resistance (β-glucosidase); (iii) the resistance and resilience decreased with increasing As concentration (acid phosphatase and FDA hydrolase). The results demonstrated that different enzyme-catalytic biochemical processes have different functional stabilities under combined As and heat disturbance, and the negative changes in the soil enzyme activity led to losses in soil functions. Our study provides further evidence on the impacts of heavy metal/metalloid on soil enzyme functional stability in response to additional disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziquan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Haixia Tian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangping Tan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Rd., Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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34
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Li L, Li H, Yan B, Yu S. Preparation of a reversible soluble-insoluble β-d-Glucosidase with perfect stability and activity. J Biotechnol 2019; 291:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Baldrian P. The known and the unknown in soil microbial ecology. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5281230. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
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36
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37
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The Fate of Chemical Pollutants with Soil Properties and Processes in the Climate Change Paradigm—A Review. SOIL SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems2030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s and organic contaminants are two major groups of pollutants in soils. The fate and exposure of such pollutants in soil depends on their chemical properties, speciation, and soil properties. Soil properties and processes that control the toxicological aspects of pollutants include temperature, moisture, organic matter, mineral fractions, and microbial activities. These processes are vulnerable to climate change associated with global warming, including increased incidences of extreme rainfall, extended dry periods, soil erosion, and a rise in sea level. Here we explain evidence that relates to the effects of climate change-driven soil processes on the mobility, transport, and storage of pollutants in soil. The review found that changes in climate could increase human exposure to soil contaminants mainly due to processes involving soil organic carbon (SOC), surface runoff, redox state, and microbial community. However, uncertainties remain in relation to the extent of contaminant toxicity to human health, which is linked to global change drivers.
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