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Xuemei X, Kejia D, Weishan L, Tingxu F, Fei L, Xijie W. Indirect influence of soil enzymes and their stoichiometry on soil organic carbon response to warming and nitrogen deposition in the Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1381891. [PMID: 38694804 PMCID: PMC11061507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1381891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the impact of warming and nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon components, the response mechanisms of microbial community composition and enzyme activity to soil organic carbon remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon components in the Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow and elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of microbial characteristics, including soil microbial community, enzyme activity, and stoichiometry, on organic carbon components. Results indicated that both warming and nitrogen deposition significantly increased soil organic carbon, readily oxidizable carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon. The interaction between warming and nitrogen deposition influenced soil carbon components, with soil organic carbon, readily oxidizable carbon, and dissolved organic carbon reaching maximum values in the W0N32 treatment, while microbial biomass carbon peaked in the W3N32 treatment. Warming and nitrogen deposition also significantly increased soil Cellobiohydrolase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Warming decreased the soil enzyme C: N ratio and C:P ratio but increased the soil enzyme N:P ratio, while nitrogen deposition had the opposite effect. The bacterial Chao1 index and Shannon index increased significantly under warming conditions, particularly in the N32 treatment, whereas there were no significant changes in the fungal Chao1 index and Shannon index with warming and nitrogen addition. Structural equation modeling revealed that soil organic carbon components were directly influenced by the negative impact of warming and the positive impact of nitrogen deposition. Furthermore, warming and nitrogen deposition altered soil bacterial community composition, specifically Gemmatimonadota and Nitrospirota, resulting in a positive impact on soil enzyme activity, particularly soil alkaline phosphatase and β-xylosidase, and enzyme stoichiometry, including N:P and C:P ratios. In summary, changes in soil organic carbon components under warming and nitrogen deposition in the alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau primarily depend on the composition of soil bacterial communities, soil enzyme activity, and stoichiometric characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - De Kejia
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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2
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Guo F, Liu B, Zhao J, Hou Y, Wu J, Hu H, Zhou C, Hu H, Zhang T, Yang Z. Temperature-dependent effects of microplastics on sediment bacteriome and metabolome. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141190. [PMID: 38215830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of microplastics in the environment has become a concern for various ecosystems, including wetland ecosystems. Here, we investigated the effects of three popular microplastic types: polyethylene, polylactic acid, and tire particles at 5 °C and 25 °C on the sediment microbiome and metabolome at the 3% (w/w) level. Results indicated that temperature greatly influenced catalase and neutral phosphatase activities, whereas the type of microplastic had a more significant impact on urease and dehydrogenase activities. The addition of microplastic, especially tire particles, increased microbial diversity and significantly altered the microbial community structure and metabolic profile, leading to the formation of different clusters of microbial communities depending on the temperature. Nonetheless, the effect of temperature on the metabolite composition was less significant. Functional prediction showed that the abundance of functional genes related to metabolism and biogeochemical cycling increased with increasing temperature, especially the tire particles treatment group affected the nitrogen cycling by inhibiting ureolysis and nitrogen fixation. These observations emphasize the need to consider microplastic type and ambient temperature to fully understand the ecological impact of microplastics on microbial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China; School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450011, PR China
| | - Biao Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China.
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450011, PR China
| | - Yiran Hou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China
| | - Hongwei Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China
| | - Changrui Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China
| | - Hui Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, PR China
| | - Ziyan Yang
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450011, PR China
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3
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Chen W, Wang S, Wang J, Xia J, Luo Y, Yu G, Niu S. Evidence for widespread thermal optimality of ecosystem respiration. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1379-1387. [PMID: 37488227 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem respiration (ER) is among the largest carbon fluxes between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Understanding the temperature response of ER is crucial for predicting the climate change-carbon cycle feedback. However, whether there is an apparent optimum temperature of ER ([Formula: see text]) and how it changes with temperature remain poorly understood. Here we analyse the temperature response curves of ER at 212 sites from global FLUXNET. We find that ER at 183 sites shows parabolic temperature response curves and [Formula: see text] at which ER reaches the maximum exists widely across biomes around the globe. Among the 15 biotic and abiotic variables examined, [Formula: see text] is mostly related to the optimum temperature of gross primary production (GPP, [Formula: see text]) and annual maximum daily temperature (Tmax). In addition, [Formula: see text] linearly increases with Tmax across sites and over vegetation types, suggesting its thermal adaptation. The adaptation magnitude of [Formula: see text], which is measured by the change in [Formula: see text] per unit change in Tmax, is positively correlated with the adaptation magnitude of [Formula: see text]. This study provides evidence of the widespread existence of [Formula: see text] and its thermal adaptation with Tmax across different biomes around the globe. Our findings suggest that carbon cycle models that consider the existence of [Formula: see text] and its adaptation have the potential to more realistically predict terrestrial carbon sequestration in a world with changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
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4
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Song Y, Cheng X, Song C, Li M, Gao S, Liu Z, Gao J, Wang X. Soil CO 2 and N 2O emissions and microbial abundances altered by temperature rise and nitrogen addition in active-layer soils of permafrost peatland. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1093487. [PMID: 36583043 PMCID: PMC9792967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1093487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in soil CO2 and N2O emissions due to climate change and nitrogen input will result in increased levels of atmospheric CO2 and N2O, thereby feeding back into Earth's climate. Understanding the responses of soil carbon and nitrogen emissions mediated by microbe from permafrost peatland to temperature rising is important for modeling the regional carbon and nitrogen balance. This study conducted a laboratory incubation experiment at 15 and 20°C to observe the impact of increasing temperature on soil CO2 and N2O emissions and soil microbial abundances in permafrost peatland. An NH4NO3 solution was added to soil at a concentration of 50 mg N kg-1 to investigate the effect of nitrogen addition. The results indicated that elevated temperature, available nitrogen, and their combined effects significantly increased CO2 and N2O emissions in permafrost peatland. However, the temperature sensitivities of soil CO2 and N2O emissions were not affected by nitrogen addition. Warming significantly increased the abundances of methanogens, methanotrophs, and nirK-type denitrifiers, and the contents of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ammonia nitrogen, whereas nirS-type denitrifiers, β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and acid phosphatase (AP) activities significantly decreased. Nitrogen addition significantly increased soil nirS-type denitrifiers abundances, β-1,4-N- acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activities, and ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents, but significantly reduced bacterial, methanogen abundances, CBH, and AP activities. A rising temperature and nitrogen addition had synergistic effects on soil fungal and methanotroph abundances, NAG activities, and DOC and DON contents. Soil CO2 emissions showed a significantly positive correlation with soil fungal abundances, NAG activities, and ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents. Soil N2O emissions showed positive correlations with soil fungal, methanotroph, and nirK-type denitrifiers abundances, and DOC, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate contents. These results demonstrate the importance of soil microbes, labile carbon, and nitrogen for regulating soil carbon and nitrogen emissions. The results of this study can assist simulating the effects of global climate change on carbon and nitrogen cycling in permafrost peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Changchun Song,
| | - Mengting Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,College of Tourism and Geographical Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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5
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erland Bååth
- Section of Microbial Ecology Department of Biology Lund University 22362 Lund Sweden
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building, Kings Buildings Edinburgh UK
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6
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Xu M, Li W, Wang J, Zhu Y, Feng Y, Yang G, Zhang W, Han X. Soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reveals microbial phosphorus limitation after vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152918. [PMID: 34999061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the limitations of soil microbial nutrient metabolism would help to understand the adaptability and response mechanisms of soil microbes in semi-arid ecosystems. Soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry is conducive to quantifying the nutrient limitations of microorganisms. To quantify microbial nutrient limitation during plant restoration, we measured soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, and the activities of four enzymes (ꞵ-1,4-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, ꞵ-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and alkaline phosphatase) in the soils of the northern Loess Plateau. Vegetation restoration patterns significantly affected soil properties, microbial biomass, enzymatic activity, and associated stoichiometry. Soil enzymatic activity increased significantly after vegetation restoration, especially in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations (RP). Correlation analysis showed that soil nutrients (C and N), moisture and pH were significantly correlated with ecoenzymatic activities and their stoichiometries. Vector-threshold element ratio (VT) model analysis revealed that microbial nutrient metabolism was limited by P, and soil microbial C limitation was significantly weakened after vegetation restoration, particularly in RP. Correlation analysis indicated that microbial nutrient limitations represented by the VT model were significantly correlated with soil moisture, nutrients, and associated stoichiometry. Therefore, the soil microbial community was mainly limited by P rather than N in vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau via the VT model, and this limitation was primarily associated with the variation in soil properties. In addition, the soil microbial C limitation was significantly negatively correlated with microbial nutrient (P or N) limitation, which illustrated that soil microbial nutrient metabolism has strong stoichiometric homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoping Xu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhong Feng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaihe Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinhui Han
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Forest Ecosystem Positioning Research Station of Huanglong Mountain, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China.
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7
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Fanin N, Mooshammer M, Sauvadet M, Meng C, Alvarez G, Bernard L, Bertrand I, Blagodatskaya E, Bon L, Fontaine S, Niu S, Lashermes G, Maxwell TL, Weintraub M, Wingate L, Moorhead D, Nottingham A. Soil enzymes in response to climate warming: mechanisms and feedbacks. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fanin
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Marie Sauvadet
- CIRAD UPR GECO F97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique France
- CIRAD, GECO Univ Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Cheng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Gaël Alvarez
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Laëtitia Bernard
- INRAE IRD, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier UMR Eco&Sols Montpellier France
| | - Isabelle Bertrand
- INRAE IRD, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier UMR Eco&Sols Montpellier France
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Halle, Saale Germany
- Agro‐Technological Institute RUDN University Moscow Russia
| | - Lucie Bon
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Gwenaelle Lashermes
- INRAE Université de Reims Champagne‐Ardenne UMR A 614 FARE 51097 Reims France
| | - Tania L. Maxwell
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | | | - Lisa Wingate
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Daryl Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo 2801 W. Bancroft St Toledo Ohio 43606‐3390 USA
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Wang F, Tang J, Li Z, Xiang J, Wang L, Tian L, Jiang L, Luo Y, Hou E, Shao X. Warming reduces the production of a major annual forage crop on the Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149211. [PMID: 34375235 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming has been proposed to increase primary production of natural grasslands in cold regions. However, how climate warming affects the production of artificial pastures in cold regions remains unknown. To address this question, we used open-top chambers to simulate warming in a major artificial pasture (forage oat) on the cold Tibetan Plateau for three consecutive years. Surprisingly, climate warming decreased aboveground and belowground biomass production by 23.1%-44.8% and 35.0%-46.5%, respectively, without a significant impact on their ratio. The adverse effects on biomass production could be attributed to the adverse effects of high-temperatures on leaf photosynthesis through increases in water vapor pressure deficit (by 0.05-0.10 kPa), damages to the leaf oxidant system, as indicated by a 46.6% increase in leaf malondialdehyde content, as well as reductions in growth duration (by 4.7-6.7 days). The adverse effects were also related to exacerbated phosphorus limitation, as indicated by decreases in soil available phosphorus and plant phosphorus concentrations by 31.9%-40.7% and 14.3%-49.4%, respectively, and increases in the plant nitrogen: phosphorus ratio by 19.2%-108.3%. The decrease in soil available phosphorus concentration could be attributed to reductions in soil phosphatase activities (by 9.6%-18.5%). The findings of this study suggest an urgent need to advance agronomic techniques and cultivate more resilient forage genotypes to meet the increasing demand of forage for feeding livestock and to reduce grazing damage to natural grasslands on the warming-sensitive Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Agricultural, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwang Tang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Agricultural, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Agricultural, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Agricultural, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Agricultural, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Enqing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoming Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Agricultural, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Engineering and Technology Research Center for Prataculture on the Xizang Plateau, Lhasa, China.
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9
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Manganese-Oxidizing Antarctic Bacteria (Mn-Oxb) Release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) as Secondary Mn(II) Oxidation Mechanisms to Avoid Toxicity. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101004. [PMID: 34681103 PMCID: PMC8533519 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) oxidation is performed through oxidative Mn-oxidizing bacteria (MnOxb) as the main bio-weathering mechanism for Mn(III/IV) deposits during soil formation. However, with an increase in temperature, the respiration rate also increases, producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) as by-products, which are harmful to microbial cells. We hypothesize that bacterial ROS oxidize Mn(II) to Mn(III/IV) as a secondary non-enzymatic temperature-dependent mechanism for cell protection. Fourteen MnOxb were isolated from Antarctic soils under the global warming effect, and peroxidase (PO) activity, ROS, and Mn(III/IV) production were evaluated for 120 h of incubation at 4 °C, 15 °C, and 30 °C. ROS contributions to Mn oxidation were evaluated in Arthrobacter oxydans under antioxidant (Trolox) and ROS-stimulated (menadione) conditions. The Mn(III/IV) concentration increased with temperature and positively correlated with ROS production. ROS scavenging with Trolox depleted the Mn oxidation, and ROS-stimulant increased the Mn precipitation in A. oxydans. Increasing the Mn(II) concentration caused a reduction in the membrane potential and bacterial viability, which resulted in Mn precipitation on the bacteria surface. In conclusion, bacterial ROS production serves as a complementary non-enzymatic temperature-dependent mechanism for Mn(II) oxidation as a response in warming environments.
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Li C, Han W, Peng M, Zhang M. Abiotic and biotic factors contribute to CO 2 exchange variation at the hourly scale in a semiarid maize cropland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147170. [PMID: 33901959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the variables influencing the carbon budget in agricultural ecosystems is crucial for the prediction of future carbon dynamics. The purpose of this study was to identify the biotic and abiotic determinants of the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and net assimilation rate (NPP) in a semiarid maize cropland. The CO2 exchange (NEE and NPP) was measured at different growth stages of maize plants using an improved chamber methodology. Heat map clustering of the correlation coefficients between CO2 exchange and its driving factors demonstrated that soil temperature and air humidity were positively correlated with CO2 emissions regardless of daytime or nighttime, while other factors affecting CO2 exchange were negatively correlated with emissions during daytime yet positively correlated during nighttime. The machine learning algorithm random forest (RF) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the effects of different factors on CO2 exchange. The RF analysis results indicated that for CO2 exchange in the daytime, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was the most important variable and presented an importance score of 0.574 for NEE and 0.558 for NPP. The SEM results indicated that in the daytime PAR exerted significant direct and indirect effects on both NEE and NPP, and the standardized direct and indirect effects were -0.668 and 0.022, respectively, for NEE, and the effects were 0.655 and -0.011, respectively for NPP. Like PAR, soil water content also exerted significant direct and indirect effects on both NEE and NPP, but the remaining factors affecting CO2 exchange only have one of the direct or indirect effects, sometimes neither. For CO2 exchange at night, the leaf area was the most important variable and presented an importance score of 0.72 for NEE and 0.45 for NPP. At night, both the direct and indirect effects of most abiotic factors on NEE and NPP were significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural of Things, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Wenting Han
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Manman Peng
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural of Things, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural of Things, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
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11
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Wang X, Lu P, Yang P, Ren S. Effects of fertilizer and biochar applications on the relationship among soil moisture, temperature, and N 2O emissions in farmland. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11674. [PMID: 34322320 PMCID: PMC8300497 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Di-nitrogen oxide (N2O) emissions from soil may lead to nonpoint-source pollution in farmland. Improving the C and N content in the soil is an excellent strategy to reduce N2O emission and mitigate soil N loss. However, this method lacks a unified mathematical index or standard to evaluate its effect. Methods To quantify the impact of soil improvement (C and N) on N2O emissions, we conducted a 2-year field experiment using biochar as carbon source and fertilizer as nitrogen source, setting three treatments (fertilization (300 kg N ha−1), fertilization + biochar (30 t ha−1), control). Results Results indicate that after biochar application, the average soil water content above 20 cm increased by ∼26% and 26.92% in 2019, and ∼10% and 12.49% in 2020. The average soil temperature above 20 cm also increased by ∼2% and 3.41% in 2019. Fertigation significantly promotes the soil N2O emissions, and biochar application indeed inhibited the cumulation by approximately 52.4% in 2019 and 33.9% in 2020, respectively. N2O emissions strongly depend on the deep soil moisture and temperature (20–80 cm), in addition to the surface soil moisture and temperature (0–20 cm). Therefore, we established an exponential model between the soil moisture and N2O emissions based on theoretical analysis. We find that the N2O emissions exponentially increase with increasing soil moisture regardless of fertilization or biochar application. Furthermore, the coefficient a < 0 means that N2O emissions initially increase and then decrease. The aRU < aCK indicates that fertilization does promote the rate of N2O emissions, and the aBRU > aRU indicates that biochar application mitigates this rate induced by fertilization. This conclusion can be verified by the sensitivity coefficient (SCB of 1.02 and 14.74; SCU of 19.18 and 20.83). Thus, we believe the model can quantify the impact of soil C and N changes on N2O emissions. We can conclude that biochar does significantly reduce N2O emissions from farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Lu
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiling Yang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shumei Ren
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Zuo Y, Zhang H, Li J, Yao X, Chen X, Zeng H, Wang W. The effect of soil depth on temperature sensitivity of extracellular enzyme activity decreased with elevation: Evidence from mountain grassland belts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146136. [PMID: 33684769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperature sensitivity of soil extracellular enzyme activity (EEA), indicated by the temperature coefficient Q10, is used to predict the effect of temperature on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling. At present, we lack understanding of elevation and soil depth variations in Q10 of EEA. Here, we measured the Q10 of three enzymes participating in C- (β-1,4-glucosidase, BG), N- (leucine aminopeptidase, LAP), and P- (acid phosphatase, AP) cycling along a vertical grassland belt of China. Soils from five depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-100 cm) were sampled from three elevations (low, <1000 m; middle, 1000-2000 m; high, 2000-3000 m) and incubated at four temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35 °C). The average Q10 of soil EEA ranged from 0.97 to 1.11 and the Q10 of LAP was higher than that of BG and AP. Generally, the Q10 of BG and LAP both increased from low to middle elevation and then decreased, while the Q10 of AP was stable. Moreover, the effect of soil depth on Q10 of EEA was weakened from low elevation to high elevation, and the factors driving Q10 of soil EEA changed with elevation. This study improved the understanding of the vertical pattern of Q10 of soil EEA in water-limited ecosystems, and highlighted that elevation could regulate the effect of soil depth on Q10 of EEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zuo
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongjin Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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13
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Nieland S, Barig S, Salzmann J, Gehrau F, Zamani AI, Richter A, Ibrahim J, Gräser Y, Ng CL, Stahmann K. Aspergillus fumigatus AR04 obeys Arrhenius' rule in cultivation temperature shifts from 30 to 40°C. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1422-1432. [PMID: 33421319 PMCID: PMC8313250 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To set a benchmark in fungal growth rate, a differential analysis of prototrophic Aspergillus fumigatus AR04 with three ascomycetes applied in > 103 t year-1 scale was performed, i.e. Ashbya gosspyii (riboflavin), Aspergillus niger (citric acid) and Aspergillus oryzae (food-processing). While radial colony growth decreased 0.5-fold when A. gossypii was cultivated at 40°C instead of 28°C, A. fumigatus AR04 responded with 1.7-fold faster hyphal growth. A. niger and A. oryzae formed colonies at 40°C, but not at 43°C. Moreover, all A. fumigatus strains tested grew even at 49°C. In chemostat experiments, A. fumigatus AR04 reached steady state at a dilution rate of 0.7 h-1 at 40°C, 120% more than reported for A. gossypii at 28°C. To study mycelial growth rates under unlimited conditions, carbon dioxide increase rates were calculated from concentrations detected online in the exhaust of batch fermentations for 3 h only. All rates calculated suggest that A. fumigatus AR04 approximates Arrhenius' rule when comparing short cultivations at 30°C with those at 40°C. Linearization of the exponential phase and comparison of the slopes revealed an increase to 192% by the 10°C up-shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Nieland
- Institute of BiotechnologyBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus ‐ SenftenbergUniversitätsplatz 1SenftenbergD‐01958Germany
| | - Susann Barig
- Institute of BiotechnologyBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus ‐ SenftenbergUniversitätsplatz 1SenftenbergD‐01958Germany
| | - Julian Salzmann
- Institute of BiotechnologyBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus ‐ SenftenbergUniversitätsplatz 1SenftenbergD‐01958Germany
| | - Frauke Gehrau
- Institute of BiotechnologyBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus ‐ SenftenbergUniversitätsplatz 1SenftenbergD‐01958Germany
| | - Arief Izzairy Zamani
- Institute of Systems BiologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiSelangor43600 UKMMalaysia
| | - Annabell Richter
- Institute of BiotechnologyBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus ‐ SenftenbergUniversitätsplatz 1SenftenbergD‐01958Germany
| | - Julia Ibrahim
- Sime Darby Technology CentreUPM‐MTDC Technology Centre IIILebuh Silikon1st Floor Block BUPM 43400SerdangSelangorMalaysia
| | - Yvonne Gräser
- Institute of Microbiology and ImmunologyCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthHindenburgdamm 30BerlinD‐12203Germany
| | - Chyan Leong Ng
- Institute of Systems BiologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiSelangor43600 UKMMalaysia
| | - Klaus‐Peter Stahmann
- Institute of BiotechnologyBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus ‐ SenftenbergUniversitätsplatz 1SenftenbergD‐01958Germany
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14
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Meeran K, Ingrisch J, Reinthaler D, Canarini A, Müller L, Pötsch EM, Richter A, Wanek W, Bahn M. Warming and elevated CO 2 intensify drought and recovery responses of grassland carbon allocation to soil respiration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3230-3243. [PMID: 33811716 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis and soil respiration represent the two largest fluxes of CO2 in terrestrial ecosystems and are tightly linked through belowground carbon (C) allocation. Drought has been suggested to impact the allocation of recently assimilated C to soil respiration; however, it is largely unknown how drought effects are altered by a future warmer climate under elevated atmospheric CO2 (eT_eCO2 ). In a multifactor experiment on managed C3 grassland, we studied the individual and interactive effects of drought and eT_eCO2 (drought, eT_eCO2 , drought × eT_eCO2 ) on ecosystem C dynamics. We performed two in situ 13 CO2 pulse-labeling campaigns to trace the fate of recent C during peak drought and recovery. eT_eCO2 increased soil respiration and the fraction of recently assimilated C in soil respiration. During drought, plant C uptake was reduced by c. 50% in both ambient and eT_eCO2 conditions. Soil respiration and the amount and proportion of 13 C respired from soil were reduced (by 32%, 70% and 30%, respectively), the effect being more pronounced under eT_eCO2 (50%, 84%, 70%). Under drought, the diel coupling of photosynthesis and SR persisted only in the eT_eCO2 scenario, likely caused by dynamic shifts in the use of freshly assimilated C between storage and respiration. Drought did not affect the fraction of recent C remaining in plant biomass under ambient and eT_eCO2 , but reduced the small fraction remaining in soil under eT_eCO2 . After rewetting, C uptake and the proportion of recent C in soil respiration recovered more rapidly under eT_eCO2 compared to ambient conditions. Overall, our findings suggest that in a warmer climate under elevated CO2 drought effects on the fate of recent C will be amplified and the coupling of photosynthesis and soil respiration will be sustained. To predict the future dynamics of terrestrial C cycling, such interactive effects of multiple global change factors should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Reinthaler
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alberto Canarini
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Müller
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erich M Pötsch
- Institute of Plant Production and Cultural Landscape, Agricultural Research and Education Centre, Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Austria
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Tian W, Xiang X, Wang H. Differential Impacts of Water Table and Temperature on Bacterial Communities in Pore Water From a Subalpine Peatland, Central China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649981. [PMID: 34122363 PMCID: PMC8193233 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of water table and temperature are two environmental variables shaping soil bacterial communities, particularly in peatland ecosystems. However, discerning the specific impact of these two factors on bacterial communities in natural ecosystems is challenging. To address this issue, we collected pore water samples across different months (August and November in 2017 and May 2018) with a gradient of water table changes and temperatures at the Dajiuhu peatland, Central China. The samples were analyzed with 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and Biolog EcoMicroplates. Bacterial communities varied in the relative abundances of dominant taxa and harbored exclusive indicator operational taxonomic units across the different months. Despite these differences, bacterial communities showed high similarities in carbon utilization, with preferences for esters (pyruvic acid methyl ester, Tween 40, Tween 80, and D-galactonic acid γ-lactone), amino acids (L-arginine and L-threonine), and amines (phenylethylamine and putrescine). However, rates of carbon utilization (as indicated by average well-color development) and metabolic diversity (McIntosh and Shannon index) in May and August were higher than those in November. Redundancy analysis revealed that the seasonal variations in bacterial communities were significantly impacted by the level of the water table, whereas the temperature had a fundamental role in bacterial carbon utilization rate. Co-occurrence analysis identified Sphingomonas, Mucilaginibacter, Novosphingobium, Lacunisphaera, Herminiimonas, and Bradyrhizobium as keystone species, which may involve in the utilization of organic compounds such as amino acids, phenols, and others. Our findings suggest that bacterial community functions were more stable than their compositions in the context of water table changes. These findings significantly expand our current understanding of the variations of bacterial community structures and metabolic functions in peatland ecosystems in the context of global warming and fluctuation of the water table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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16
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Xu M, Li X, Kuyper TW, Xu M, Li X, Zhang J. High microbial diversity stabilizes the responses of soil organic carbon decomposition to warming in the subsoil on the Tibetan Plateau. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2061-2075. [PMID: 33560552 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbes are directly involved in soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition, yet the importance of microbial biodiversity in regulating the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition remains elusive, particularly in alpine regions where climate change is predicted to strongly affect SOC dynamics and ecosystem stability. Here we collected topsoil and subsoil samples along an elevational gradient on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau to explore the temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of SOC decomposition in relation to changes in microbial communities. Specifically, we tested whether the decomposition of SOC would be more sensitive to warming when microbial diversity is low. The estimated Q10 value ranged from 1.28 to 1.68, and 1.80 to 2.10 in the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. The highest Q10 value was observed at the lowest altitude of forests in the topsoil, and at the highest altitude of alpine meadow in the subsoil. Variations in Q10 were closely related to changes in microbial properties. In the topsoil the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria (G+:G-) was the predominant factor associated with the altitudinal variations in Q10 . In the subsoil, SOC decomposition showed more resilience to warming when the diversity of soil bacteria (both whole community and major groups) and fungi was higher. Our results partly support the positive biodiversity-ecosystem stability hypothesis. Structural equation modeling further indicates that variations in Q10 in the subsoil were directly related to changes in microbial diversity and community composition, which were affected by soil pH. Collectively our results provide compelling evidence that microbial biodiversity plays an important role in stabilizing SOC decomposition in the subsoil of alpine montane ecosystems. Conservation of belowground biodiversity is therefore of great importance in maintaining the stability of ecosystem processes under climate change in high-elevation regions of the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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17
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Zhang Z, Deng Q, Wan L, Cao X, Zhou Y, Song C. Bacterial Communities and Enzymatic Activities in Sediments of Long-Term Fish and Crab Aquaculture Ponds. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030501. [PMID: 33652892 PMCID: PMC7996777 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is among the most important and fastest growing agriculture sectors worldwide; however, it generates environmental impacts by introducing nutrient accumulations in ponds, which are possibly different and further result in complex biological processes in the sediments based on diverse farming practices. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term farming practices of representative aquatic animals dominated by grass carp (GC, Ctenopharyngodon idella) or Chinese mitten crab (CMC, Eriocheir sinensis) on the bacterial community and enzyme activity of sediments from more than 15 years of aquaculture ponds, and the differences associated with sediment properties were explored in the two farming practices. Compared to CMC ponds, GC ponds had lower contents of TC, TN, and TP in sediments, and similar trends for sediment pH and moisture content. Sediment bacterial communities were significantly different between GC and CMC ponds, with higher bacterial richness and diversity in GC ponds. The bacterial communities among the pond sediments were closely associated with sediment pH, TC, and TN. Additionally, the results showed profoundly lower activities of β-1,4-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and phosphatase in the sediments of GC ponds than CMC ponds. Pearson’s correlation analysis further revealed strong positive correlations between the hydrolytic enzyme activities and nutrient concentrations among the aquaculture ponds, indicating microbial enzyme regulation response to sediment nutrient dynamics. Our study herein reveals that farming practices of fish and crab differently affect bacterial communities and enzymatic activities in pond sediments, suggesting nutrient-driven sediment biological processes in aquaculture ponds for different farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qinghui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lingling Wan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiuyun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chunlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Microbial growth and carbon use efficiency show seasonal responses in a multifactorial climate change experiment. Commun Biol 2020; 3:584. [PMID: 33067550 PMCID: PMC7567817 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial growth and carbon use efficiency (CUE) are central to the global carbon cycle, as microbial remains form soil organic matter. We investigated how future global changes may affect soil microbial growth, respiration, and CUE. We aimed to elucidate the soil microbial response to multiple climate change drivers across the growing season and whether effects of multiple global change drivers on soil microbial physiology are additive or interactive. We measured soil microbial growth, CUE, and respiration at three time points in a field experiment combining three levels of temperature and atmospheric CO2, and a summer drought. Here we show that climate change-driven effects on soil microbial physiology are interactive and season-specific, while the coupled response of growth and respiration lead to stable microbial CUE (average CUE = 0.39). These results suggest that future research should focus on microbial growth across different seasons to understand and predict effects of global changes on soil carbon dynamics.
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19
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Regulating soil bacterial diversity, community structure and enzyme activity using residues from golden apple snails. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16302. [PMID: 33004949 PMCID: PMC7530706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the golden apple snail (GAS, Pomacea canaliculata), which is a serious agricultural pest in Southeast Asia, can provide a soil amendment for the reversal of soil acidification and degradation. However, the impact of GAS residue (i.e., crushed, whole GAS) on soil bacterial diversity and community structure remains largely unknown. Here, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to measure bacterial abundance and community structure in soils amended with GAS residue and lime. The results suggest that adding GAS residue resulted in a significant variation in soil pH and nutrients (all P < 0.05), and resulted in a slightly alkaline (pH = 7.28-7.75) and nutrient-enriched soil, with amendment of 2.5-100 g kg-1 GAS residue. Soil nutrients (i.e., NO3-N and TN) and TOC contents were increased (by 132-912%), and some soil exocellular enzyme activities were enhanced (by 2-98%) in GAS residue amended soil, with amendment of 1.0-100 g kg-1 GAS residue. Bacterial OTU richness was 19% greater at the 2.5 g kg-1 GAS residue treatment than the control, while it was 40% and 53% lower at 100 g kg-1 of GAS residue and 50 g kg-1 of lime amended soils, respectively. Firmicutes (15-35%) was the most abundant phylum while Bacterioidetes (1-6%) was the lowest abundant one in GAS residue amended soils. RDA results suggest that the contents of soil nutrients (i.e., NO3-N and TN) and soil TOC explained much more of the variations of bacterial community than pH in GAS residue amended soil. Overuse of GAS residue would induce an anaerobic soil environment and reduce bacterial OTU richness. Soil nutrients and TOC rather than pH might be the main factors that are responsible for the changes of bacterial OTU richness and bacterial community structure in GAS residue amended soil.
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20
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Zuccarini P, Asensio D, Ogaya R, Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Effects of seasonal and decadal warming on soil enzymatic activity in a P-deficient Mediterranean shrubland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3698-3714. [PMID: 32159881 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soil enzymes are central in the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change, and their study can be crucial for the models' implementation. We investigated for 1 year the effects of warming and seasonality on the potential activities of five soil extracellular enzymes and their relationships with soil moisture, phosphorus (P) concentration, and other soil parameters in a P-limited Mediterranean semiarid shrubland. The site was continuously subjected to warming since 1999, and we compared data from this study to analogous data from 2004. Warming uniformly increased all enzymes activities, but only when a sufficient amount of soil water was available. Seasonality unevenly altered enzyme activities, thus affecting enzymatic stoichiometry. P deficiency affected enzymatic stoichiometry, favoring the activities of the phosphatases. The effect of warming was stronger in 2014 than 2004, excluding the hypothesis of acclimation of rhizospheric responses to higher temperatures and suggesting that further increases in extracellular enzymatic activities are to be expected if sufficient water is available. Climatic warming will likely generally stimulate soil enzymatic activities and accelerate nutrient mineralization and similar ecological processes such as the production and degradation of biomass and changes in community composition, but which will be limited by water availability, especially in Mediterranean soils in summer. Winters in such ecosystems will benefit from a general increase in activity and production, but biological activity could even decrease in summer, potentially leading to a negative overall balance of nutrient mineralization. This study suggests that a general increase in activity due to warming could lead to faster mineralization of soil organic matter and water consumption in colder climates, until one of these factors in turn becomes limiting. Such trade-offs between water and temperature in relation with enzyme activity should be considered in biogeochemical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zuccarini
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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21
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Wang Y, Liu S, Wang J, Chang SX, Luan J, Liu Y, Lu H, Liu X. Microbe-mediated attenuation of soil respiration in response to soil warming in a temperate oak forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134563. [PMID: 31812424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil respiration (Rs) in response to climate warming received a wide concern due to its important role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) cycling, but the warming-induced effects of soil microbes on soil respiration are still less understood, especially over time. Our study aims to understand the long-term warming induced effects of soil microbes on Rs. A field soil warming experiment using a completely randomized design was conducted in a naturally regenerated oak forest (Quercus aliena) in central China. Soil warming was executed by infrared heater throughout the period from 2011 to 2015. Our results showed that soil temperature was a main factor in regulating Rs in a temperate oak forest throughout the experiment, while soil water content determined Rs only when a naturally dry year occurred. The positive effect of soil warming on Rs that was observed (i.e., 37.5 to 42.0% in the first two years) gradually diminished in the following three years (i.e., 0.9 to 15.4%). Significant positive warming effects on the temperature sensitivity of Rs (Q10) only occurred in the second year. Continuous soil warming caused the decline in nitrogen (N) availability, with a significant increase in microbial biomass-specific enzyme activities for N-acquisition. The attenuation of microbial biomass increment and the decreased ratio of enzymatic C:N acquisition contributed to the diminished warming effect on Rs over time. Our study suggests that microbe-mediated attenuation of Rs, accompanied by the concomitant decline in soil N availability in response to warming, should be taken into consideration in global C cycle modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute for Resources and Environment, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute for Resources and Environment, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry and Grassland Administration The Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Jingxin Wang
- West Virginia University, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E35, Canada
| | - Junwei Luan
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute for Resources and Environment, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yanchun Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Haibo Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Baotianman Natural Reserve Administration, Neixiang County, Henan 474350, China
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22
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Jia J, Cao Z, Liu C, Zhang Z, Lin L, Wang Y, Haghipour N, Wacker L, Bao H, Dittmar T, Simpson MJ, Yang H, Crowther TW, Eglinton TI, He JS, Feng X. Climate warming alters subsoil but not topsoil carbon dynamics in alpine grassland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:4383-4393. [PMID: 31479577 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Subsoil contains more than half of soil organic carbon (SOC) globally and is conventionally assumed to be relatively unresponsive to warming compared to the topsoil. Here, we show substantial changes in carbon allocation and dynamics of the subsoil but not topsoil in the Qinghai-Tibetan alpine grasslands over 5 years of warming. Specifically, warming enhanced the accumulation of newly synthesized (14 C-enriched) carbon in the subsoil slow-cycling pool (silt-clay fraction) but promoted the decomposition of plant-derived lignin in the fast-cycling pool (macroaggregates). These changes mirrored an accumulation of lipids and sugars at the expense of lignin in the warmed bulk subsoil, likely associated with shortened soil freezing period and a deepening root system. As warming is accompanied by deepening roots in a wide range of ecosystems, root-driven accrual of slow-cycling pool may represent an important and overlooked mechanism for a potential long-term carbon sink at depth. Moreover, given the contrasting sensitivity of SOC dynamics at varied depths, warming studies focusing only on surface soils may vastly misrepresent shifts in ecosystem carbon storage under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Li Lin
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lukas Wacker
- Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Thorston Dittmar
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Jin-Sheng He
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Benjelloun I, Thami Alami I, Douira A, Udupa SM. Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity Among Symbiotic and Non-symbiotic Bacteria Present in Chickpea Nodules in Morocco. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1885. [PMID: 31620094 PMCID: PMC6759536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution problems and increased demand for green technologies in production are forcing farmers to introduce agricultural practices with a lower impact on the environment. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in arid and semi-arid environments is frequently affected by harsh environmental stresses such as heat, drought and salinity, which limit its growth and productivity and affect biological nitrogen fixation ability of rhizobia. Climate change had further aggravated these stresses. Inoculation with appropriate stress tolerant rhizobia is necessary for an environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural production. In this study, endophytic bacteria isolated from chickpea nodules from different soil types and regions in Morocco, were evaluated for their phenotypic and genotypic diversity in order to select the most tolerant ones for further inoculation of this crop. Phenotypic characterization of 135 endophytic bacteria from chickpea nodules showed a wide variability for tolerance to heavy metals and antibiotics, variable response to extreme temperatures, salinity, pH and water stress. 56% of isolates were able to nodulate chickpea. Numerical analysis of rep-PCR results showed that nodulating strains fell into 22 genotypes. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of endophytic bacteria from chickpea nodules revealed that 55% of isolated bacteria belong to Mesorhizobium genus. Based on MLSA of core genes (recA, atpD, glnII and dnaK), tasted strains were distributed into six clades and were closely related to Mesorhizobium ciceri, Mesorhizobium opportunistum, Mesorhizobium qingshengii, and Mesorhizobium plurifarium. Most of nodulating strains were belonging to a group genetically distinct from reference Mesorhizobium species. Three isolates belong to genus Burkholderia of the class β- proteobacteria, and 55 other strains belong to the class γ- proteobacteria. Some of the stress tolerant isolates have great potential for further inoculation of chickpea in the arid and semiarid environments to enhance biological nitrogen fixation and productivity in the context of climate change adaptation and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Benjelloun
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Agronomical Research, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
- ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research Project, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Imane Thami Alami
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Agronomical Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Allal Douira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Sripada M. Udupa
- ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research Project, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
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24
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Wang Z, Tian H, Tan X, Wang F, Jia H, Megharaj M, He W. Long-term As contamination alters soil enzyme functional stability in response to additional heat disturbance. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:471-480. [PMID: 31091488 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The functional stability of soil enzymes is fundamental to the sustainability of soil biochemical processes and is affected by many environmental stressors. This study focused on the influences of long-term arsenic (As) contamination on soil enzyme functional stability: the resistance (ratio of the disturbed to control) and resilience (integrated recovery rate) of soil enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase) over 30 days incubation after an experimental heat disturbance (50 oC for 18 h). Results showed that the resistance of soil enzymes to heat disturbance differed among the enzyme types and followed the order: urease > β-glucosidase > acid phosphatase > FDA hydrolase. Urease activity was generally not affected and showed high stability against heat disturbance. The β-glucosidase activity recovered to the control level by 30 days, while 80% and 90% recovery on average occurred for acid phosphatase and FDA hydrolase, respectively. Long-term As contamination altered soil enzyme functional resistance and resilience to heat disturbance and resulted in three kinds of responses: (i) no apparent alteration (urease); (ii) moderate As contamination increased enzyme heat resistance (β-glucosidase); (iii) the resistance and resilience decreased with increasing As concentration (acid phosphatase and FDA hydrolase). The results demonstrated that different enzyme-catalytic biochemical processes have different functional stabilities under combined As and heat disturbance, and the negative changes in the soil enzyme activity led to losses in soil functions. Our study provides further evidence on the impacts of heavy metal/metalloid on soil enzyme functional stability in response to additional disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziquan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Haixia Tian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangping Tan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Rd., Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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25
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Qin S, Chen L, Fang K, Zhang Q, Wang J, Liu F, Yu J, Yang Y. Temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition governed by aggregate protection and microbial communities. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau1218. [PMID: 31309137 PMCID: PMC6620099 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Temperature sensitivity (Q 10) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is a crucial parameter for predicting the fate of soil carbon (C) under global warming. However, our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms remains inadequate, which constrains its accurate parameterization in Earth system models and induces large uncertainties in predicting terrestrial C-climate feedback. Here, we conducted a long-term laboratory incubation combined with a two-pool model and manipulative experiments to examine potential mechanisms underlying the depth-associated Q 10 variations in active and slow soil C pools. We found that lower microbial abundance and stronger aggregate protection were coexisting mechanisms underlying the lower Q 10 in the subsoil. Of them, microbial communities were the main determinant of Q 10 in the active pool, whereas aggregate protection exerted more important control in the slow pool. These results highlight the crucial role of soil C stabilization mechanisms in regulating temperature response of SOM decomposition, potentially attenuating the terrestrial C-climate feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Kai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Futing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author.
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26
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Sorensen PO, Bhatnagar JM, Christenson L, Duran J, Fahey T, Fisk MC, Finzi AC, Groffman PM, Morse JL, Templer PH. Roots Mediate the Effects of Snowpack Decline on Soil Bacteria, Fungi, and Nitrogen Cycling in a Northern Hardwood Forest. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:926. [PMID: 31114563 PMCID: PMC6503048 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising winter air temperature will reduce snow depth and duration over the next century in northern hardwood forests. Reductions in snow depth may affect soil bacteria and fungi directly, but also affect soil microbes indirectly through effects of snowpack loss on plant roots. We incubated root exclusion and root ingrowth cores across a winter climate-elevation gradient in a northern hardwood forest for 29 months to identify direct (i.e., winter snow-mediated) and indirect (i.e., root-mediated) effects of winter snowpack decline on soil bacterial and fungal communities, as well as on potential nitrification and net N mineralization rates. Both winter snowpack decline and root exclusion increased bacterial richness and phylogenetic diversity. Variation in bacterial community composition was best explained by differences in winter snow depth or soil frost across elevation. Root ingrowth had a positive effect on the relative abundance of several bacterial taxonomic orders (e.g., Acidobacterales and Actinomycetales). Nominally saprotrophic (e.g., Saccharomycetales and Mucorales) or mycorrhizal (e.g., Helotiales, Russalales, Thelephorales) fungal taxonomic orders were also affected by both root ingrowth and snow depth variation. However, when grouped together, the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and ectomycorrhizal fungi were not affected by root ingrowth or snow depth, suggesting that traits in addition to trophic mode will mediate fungal community responses to snowpack decline in northern hardwood forests. Potential soil nitrification rates were positively related to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea abundance (e.g., Nitrospirales, Nitrosomondales, Nitrosphaerales). Rates of N mineralization were positively and negatively correlated with ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi, respectively, and these relationships were mediated by root exclusion. The results from this study suggest that a declining winter snowpack and its effect on plant roots each have direct effects on the diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and fungal communities that interact to determine rates of soil N cycling in northern hardwood forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O. Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Lynn Christenson
- Biology Department, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, United States
| | - Jorge Duran
- Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Timothy Fahey
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Melany C. Fisk
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Adrien C. Finzi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter M. Groffman
- City University of New York Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, New York, NY, United States
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Morse
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
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27
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Kolton M, Marks A, Wilson RM, Chanton JP, Kostka JE. Impact of Warming on Greenhouse Gas Production and Microbial Diversity in Anoxic Peat From a Sphagnum-Dominated Bog (Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:870. [PMID: 31105668 PMCID: PMC6498409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate warming is predicted to increase heterotrophic metabolism in northern peatland soils leading to enhanced greenhouse gas emissions. However, the specific relationships between temperature and the greenhouse gas producing microbial communities are poorly understood. Thus, in this study, the temperature dependence of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production rates along with abundance and composition of microbial communities were investigated in peat from a Sphagnum-dominated peatland, S1 bog (Minnesota, United States). Whereas CH4 production rates increased with temperature up to 30°C, CO2 production did not, resulting in a lower CO2:CH4 ratio with increasing temperature. CO2 production showed both psychrophilic and mesophilic maxima at 4 and 20°C, respectively, and appears to be mediated by two anaerobic microbial communities, one that operates under psychrophilic conditions that predominate for much of the year, and another that is more active under warmer conditions during the growing season. In incubations at 10°C above the ambient range, members of the Clostridiaceae and hydrogenotrophic methanogens of the Methanobacteriaceae dominated. Moreover, a significant negative correlation between temperature and microbial diversity was observed. Results indicate that the potential consequences of warming surface peat in northern peatlands include a large stimulation in CH4 production and a significant loss of microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Kolton
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ansley Marks
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rachel M. Wilson
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey P. Chanton
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Joel E. Kostka
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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