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Huang SS, Song Q, Beiting KJ, Duggan MC, Hines K, Murff H, Leung V, Powers J, Harvey TS, Malin B, Yin Z. Fact Check: Assessing the Response of ChatGPT to Alzheimer's Disease Myths. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024:105178. [PMID: 39106968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
There are many myths regarding Alzheimer's disease (AD) that have been circulated on the internet, each exhibiting varying degrees of accuracy, inaccuracy, and misinformation. Large language models, such as ChatGPT, may be a valuable tool to help assess these myths for veracity and inaccuracy; however, they can induce misinformation as well. This study assesses ChatGPT's ability to identify and address AD myths with reliable information. We conducted a cross-sectional study of attending geriatric medicine clinicians' evaluation of ChatGPT (GPT 4.0) responses to 16 selected AD myths. We prompted ChatGPT to express its opinion on each myth and implemented a survey using REDCap to determine the degree to which clinicians agreed with the accuracy of each of ChatGPT's explanations. We also collected their explanations of any disagreements with ChatGPT's responses. We used a 5-category Likert-type scale with a score ranging from -2 to 2 to quantify clinicians' agreement in each aspect of the evaluation. The clinicians (n = 10) were generally satisfied with ChatGPT's explanations. Among the 16 myths, the clinicians were generally satisfied with these explanations, with (mean [SD] score of 1.1[±0.3]). Most clinicians selected "Agree" or "Strongly Agree" for each statement. Some statements obtained a small number of "Disagree" responses. There were no "Strongly Disagree" responses. Most surveyed health care professionals acknowledged the potential value of ChatGPT in mitigating AD misinformation; however, the need for more refined and detailed explanations of the disease's mechanisms and treatments was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Huang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Qingyuan Song
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly J Beiting
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria C Duggan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristin Hines
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harvey Murff
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vania Leung
- Department of Academic Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Powers
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - T S Harvey
- Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley Malin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhijun Yin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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Shotton L, Collins T, Cordier R, Chikwava F, Steen M. A mixed methods evaluation of the breastfeeding memory aide CHINS. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024:e13704. [PMID: 39031463 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Breastfeeding rates remain persistently low in the United Kingdom (UK) despite wide-scale rollout of UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiative training and accreditation. More must be done to ensure breastfeeding practitioners can provide effective support. The memory aide CHINS (Close, Head free, In-line, Nose to Nipple and Sustainable) could help practitioners remember, recall, and apply breastfeeding theory in practice and this paper presents a UK evaluation of its impact. A concurrent, convergent mixed methods approach was adopted using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) as an overarching framework. An online survey targeted breastfeeding practitioners and academics from the UK (n = 115). A sub-set (n = 16) of respondents took part in qualitative focus groups. Survey data was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, and the focus group data was analysed, using NPT. CHINS is widely used in breastfeeding education and practice largely because of its simplicity and ease of integration in everyday practice, as well as its sustained inclusion in UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiative training. CHINS has introduced a standardised approach to the principles of positioning for effective breastfeeding. Doing so has helped address inconsistencies and poor practice in this area, and CHINS plays a role in assisting practitioners in building confidence in their breastfeeding practice. More needs to be done to ensure the breastfeeding workforce develop and maintain the requisite skills to promote and support breastfeeding, including the role of memory aides such as CHINS in achieving this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Shotton
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Well-being, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tracy Collins
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Well-being, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Reinie Cordier
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Well-being, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fadzai Chikwava
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mary Steen
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Well-being, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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3
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Dong X, Yang JZ. Deciphering Discord: How Conflicting Information and Political Ideology Shape Public Attitude Toward PFAS Regulation. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 29:409-419. [PMID: 38867422 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2367111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) contamination is an emerging environmental and health risk facing the world. This study examines the impact of conflicting information on Americans' attitude toward PFAS regulation and intention to engage in mitigation behaviors through a one-way, between-subjects experiment. Participants were 1,062 U.S. adults recruited from CloudResearch. Results showed that compared to participants exposed to consistent information, those exposed to conflicting information displayed less favorable attitude toward existing regulation, which led to lower intention to support related policies and to engage in mitigation behaviors. Political ideology moderated these relationships, with stronger experimental effects among conservatives. These findings underscore the importance of conveying consistent risk messages, especially when multiple stakeholders are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Dong
- Department of Communication, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Janet Z Yang
- Department of Communication, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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4
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Zhou Y, Farrell EL. Understanding Responses to Conflicting Advice on COVID-19. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:1582-1593. [PMID: 37357341 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2227429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
This survey study tested a two-level model of responses to conflicting advice about COVID-19 and examined the underlying emotional and cognitive mechanisms and the moderating role of advice source. Results showed that at the individual message level, advice evaluation was associated with advice outcomes. At the message group level, advice evaluation and outcomes were linked to perceived contradiction in content among the advice and the quantity of conflicting messages received, both directly and indirectly via recipients' emotions. Features of conflicting advice received primarily from impersonal sources had particularly strong associations with advice evaluation and outcomes. Implications for health communication were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erina L Farrell
- Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Pennsylvania State University
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5
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Asare AA, Otchi E, Manu A. Relevance of meeting general outpatients' information needs to their perceptions of healthcare quality in a hospital in Ghana: a Healthcare Quality Survey using modified SERVQUAL analysis. BMJ Open Qual 2024; 13:e002683. [PMID: 38858077 PMCID: PMC11168125 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients determine quality of healthcare by their perception of the gap between the healthcare they experience/receive and that which they expect. This can be influenced by the ability of healthcare staff to adequately communicate information about the healthcare provided. This study assessed the level of relevance of meeting patients' information needs with respect to their assessment of healthcare quality in a private hospital's general outpatient department in Ghana. DESIGN Study design was cross-sectional using exit self-administered questionnaires among 390 outpatients. Healthcare quality was measured using a modified form of the Service Quality model gap analysis (gap between experience and expectations). A negative gap signifies unmet patient expectations. Microsoft Excel and Stata V.15.0 were used for analysis using t-test and multiple linear regression. A p value ≤0.05 denotes statistical significance. FINDINGS The mean percentage of patients' expectations of quality of healthcare was 87.6% (SE 0.031), while patient experience was 86.0% (SE 0.029), with a significant negative gap of -0.08 (p<0.002). Their highest expectation of the quality of healthcare was for their information needs to be met, with a mean score of 4.44 (SE 0.03). Two of the four items under the information needs dimension that showed no statistically significant gaps were 'saying all their problems' (gap=0.00; p<0.9) and 'explanation of treatment/medications' (gap=0.01; p<0.6). Those with statistically significant negative gaps were 'explanation of investigations and procedures' (gap=-0.18; p<0.0001) and 'explanation of the diagnoses' (gap=-0.11; p<0.02), signifying unmet expectations. CONCLUSIONS The outpatient's greatest need for quality healthcare in this study was for their information needs to be met. Providing information on patient diagnoses and investigations are the areas least likely to be adequately communicated to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elom Otchi
- Quality Management Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Quality and Patient Safety, Africa Institute of Healthcare Quality Safety & Accreditation, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adom Manu
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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6
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Molenaar A, Jenkins EL, Brennan L, Lukose D, McCaffrey TA. The use of sentiment and emotion analysis and data science to assess the language of nutrition-, food- and cooking-related content on social media: a systematic scoping review. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:43-78. [PMID: 36991525 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Social media data are rapidly evolving and accessible, which presents opportunities for research. Data science techniques, such as sentiment or emotion analysis which analyse textual emotion, provide an opportunity to gather insight from social media. This paper describes a systematic scoping review of interdisciplinary evidence to explore how sentiment or emotion analysis methods alongside other data science methods have been used to examine nutrition, food and cooking social media content. A PRISMA search strategy was used to search nine electronic databases in November 2020 and January 2022. Of 7325 studies identified, thirty-six studies were selected from seventeen countries, and content was analysed thematically and summarised in an evidence table. Studies were published between 2014 and 2022 and used data from seven different social media platforms (Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Reddit, Pinterest, Sina Weibo and mixed platforms). Five themes of research were identified: dietary patterns, cooking and recipes, diet and health, public health and nutrition and food in general. Papers developed a sentiment or emotion analysis tool or used available open-source tools. Accuracy to predict sentiment ranged from 33·33% (open-source engine) to 98·53% (engine developed for the study). The average proportion of sentiment was 38·8% positive, 46·6% neutral and 28·0% negative. Additional data science techniques used included topic modelling and network analysis. Future research requires optimising data extraction processes from social media platforms, the use of interdisciplinary teams to develop suitable and accurate methods for the subject and the use of complementary methods to gather deeper insights into these complex data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Molenaar
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Eva L Jenkins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Linda Brennan
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, MelbourneVIC3004, Australia
| | - Dickson Lukose
- Monash Data Futures Institute, Monash University, Level 2, 13 Rainforest Walk, Monash University, ClaytonVIC3800, Australia
| | - Tracy A McCaffrey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC3168, Australia
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Wang L, Gollust SE, Rothman AJ, Vogel RI, Yzer MC, Nagler RH. Effects of Exposure to Conflicting Health Information on Topic-Specific Information Sharing and Seeking Intentions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38736132 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2350844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Despite considerable evidence that exposure to conflicting health information can have undesirable effects on outcomes including public understanding about and trust in health recommendations, comparatively little is known about whether such exposure influences intentions to engage in two communication behaviors central to public health promotion: information sharing and information seeking. The purpose of the current study is to test whether exposure to conflicting information influences intentions to share and seek information about six health topics. We analyzed data from two waves of a longitudinal survey experiment with a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 3,920). Participants were randomly assigned to either a conflict or no-conflict message condition, in which they read news stories and social media posts about three (of six) randomly selected health topics at Time 1 and the remaining three at Time 2. The dependent variables, which were measured at Time 2, asked participants whether they intended to share or seek information about the three topics they had just viewed. Linear mixed effects models showed that exposure to conflict reduced intentions to share and seek information, regardless of health topic. These findings suggest that exposure to conflicting health information discourages two important types of health information engagement, thus adding to the growing evidence base documenting the adverse consequences of conflicting information for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota
| | - Sarah E Gollust
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health
| | | | - Rachel I Vogel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School
| | - Marco C Yzer
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota
| | - Rebekah H Nagler
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota
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8
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Dong X, Yang JZ. Conflicted and Relevant: Systematic Processing of Information on PFAS Contamination. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38494635 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2328456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination is an emerging environmental and public health crisis. Thus, it is crucial to understand public risk perception and communication behaviors surrounding this issue. Guided by the heuristic-systematic model of information processing, this study explores the impact of conflicting information and personal relevance on information insufficiency and information processing. Through an online experiment, 1,062 U.S. adults were randomly assigned to one of four conditions as part of a 2 (information type: conflicting vs. consistent) × 2 (personal relevance: high vs. low) between-subjects factorial design. Both main effect and interaction effect were detected. Specifically, information insufficiency was highest among participants in the high personal relevance and consistent information condition. Personal relevance also had a main effect on information processing. Conflicting information indirectly elevated information processing through increased information insufficiency, but only when personal relevance was low. These findings suggest the importance of providing consistent and personally relevant information related to the risk of PFAS contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Dong
- Department of Communication, University at Buffalo
| | - Janet Z Yang
- Department of Communication, University at Buffalo
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9
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Ngo L, Lee J, Rutherford S, Phung H. A call to action in review of the Australian Dietary Guidelines: Impacts of conflicting nutrition information: A mixed methods study. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:154-164. [PMID: 37012660 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUES ADDRESSED The overabundance of conflicting nutrition information (CNI) and accompanying confusion and backlash are a public health concern; however, the complexity of responses to CNI has yet to be explored. The following mixed methods study brings depth to the perceptions and behavioural responses to CNI among Australian millennials to better inform successful nutrition guidelines. METHODS An explanatory sequential mixed methods design explored the cognitive and behavioural responses to CNI in Australian millennials. Cross-sectional data (n = 204) on CNI exposure, confusion, and backlash was analysed via multivariate ordinal logistic regression. The qualitative phase thematically analysed 18 semi-structured interviews on experiences with and responses to CNI. RESULTS Exposure to CNI via social media was positively associated with confusion. Nutrition confusion was positively associated with backlash. Qualitative analysis confirmed social media as a frequent, yet sometimes trusted, source of CNI. In addition, participants revealed using various methods to alleviate backlash while also relying heavily on traditional nutrition information (TNI) to inform dietary choices. CONCLUSIONS The methods to alleviate nutrition backlash provide new and innovative ways to tailor nutrition messages for maximum impact. Nutrition promotion initiatives and dietary guidelines should consider the complexity of responses to CNI and modernise interventions across mediums, including social media, with clear and attractive dietary recommendations. SO WHAT?: Results can inform the drafting of the new Australian Dietary Guidelines in 2023 and how they are promoted to the community on an ongoing basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Ngo
- School of Medicine and Dentistry (Public Health), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica Lee
- School of Medicine and Dentistry (Public Health), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon Rutherford
- School of Medicine and Dentistry (Public Health), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hai Phung
- School of Medicine and Dentistry (Public Health), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Ahn J, Kahlor LA. When Experts Offer Conflicting Information: A Study of Perceived Ambiguity, Information Insufficiency, Trustworthiness and Risk Information Behaviors. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:3276-3286. [PMID: 36404712 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2146033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted an experiment to examine the impact of informational conflicts about COVID-19 transmission routes on cognitive and behavioral factors. We were guided by the risk information seeking and processing model and focused on relationships among perceived ambiguity, information insufficiency, trustworthiness, and seeking/avoidance across several conditions. Data from 304 participants indicated a higher level of perceived ambiguity in the conflicting information condition compared to the one-sided information condition. The serial mediations suggest conflicting information enhanced perceived ambiguity, which was negatively related with trustworthiness of experts, information seeking, and adherence intentions. These findings shed light on how conflicting information negatively affects the decision-making process and provide insight about what to consider when presenting dynamic information to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Ahn
- Department of Media and Advertising, Dong-Eui University
| | - Lee Ann Kahlor
- Advertising and Public Relations School, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin
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11
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Vilaro MJ, Bryan E, Palani T, Cooks EJ, Mertens G, Zalake M, Lok BC, Krieger JL. Rural adults' perceptions of nutrition recommendations for cancer prevention: Contradictory and conflicting messages. PREVENTIVE ONCOLOGY & EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 1:2237680. [PMID: 38390218 PMCID: PMC10883477 DOI: 10.1080/28322134.2023.2237680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite robust evidence linking alcohol, processed meat, and red meat to colorectal cancer (CRC), public awareness of nutrition recommendations for CRC prevention is low. Marginalized populations, including those in rural areas, experience high CRC burden and may benefit from culturally tailored health information technologies. This study explored perceptions of web-based health messages iteratively in focus groups and interviews with 48 adults as part of a CRC prevention intervention. We analyzed transcripts for message perceptions and identified three main themes with subthemes: (1) Contradictory recommendations, between the intervention's nutrition risk messages and recommendations for other health conditions, from other sources, or based on cultural or personal diets; (2) reactions to nutrition risk messages, ranging from aversion (e.g., "avoid alcohol" considered "preachy") to appreciation, with suggestions for improving messages; and (3) information gaps. We discuss these themes, translational impact, and considerations for future research and communication strategies for delivering web-based cancer prevention messages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Bryan
- STEM Translational Communication Center, University of Florida
| | - Te Palani
- STEM Translational Communication Center, University of Florida
| | - Eric J Cooks
- STEM Translational Communication Center, University of Florida
| | - Gillian Mertens
- STEM Translational Communication Center, University of Florida
- Literacy Department, SUNY Cortland
| | - Mohan Zalake
- Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering, University of Florida
| | - Benjamin C Lok
- Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering, University of Florida
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12
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Santos B, Blondon KS, Sottas M, Carpenter D, Backes C, Van Gessel E, Schneider MP. Perceptions of conflicting information about long-term medications: a qualitative in-depth interview study of patients with chronic diseases in the Swiss ambulatory care system. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070468. [PMID: 37940158 PMCID: PMC10632873 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with multiple long-term conditions visit various healthcare professionals and are exposed to medication information from various sources causing an increased risk of patients perceiving contradictory medication information. The aims of this study are to: (1) characterise conflicting medication information perceived by patients with long-term conditions, (2) better understand the related impact on patients' medication self-management and healthcare system navigation and (3) explore ways in which such events could be prevented. DESIGN This study was conducted through qualitative semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. SETTING Community pharmacies and medical centres in Geneva, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS This study included outpatients from April 2019 to February 2020. Patients were included after participating in a quantitative survey of perceived conflicting information about medications for long-term diseases. METHODS Semistructured audiotaped interviews of 20 to 60 min following a pre-established interview guide to explore participants' perceptions of conflicting information. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a thematic analysis was conducted with inductive and deductive coding using MAXQDA (2018, Release 18.2.3). RESULTS Twenty-two patients were interviewed, until data saturation, mentioning indication or need for a medication as the main topic of conflicting information between two healthcare professionals. Perceived conflicting information often resulted from insufficient information provided and poor communication leading to confusion, doubts and medication non-adherence. Patients expected more information and more interprofessional communication on their medications. As a result of conflicting information, most participants learnt or were learning to take an active role and become partners of the healthcare providers. CONCLUSION The need to strengthen and improve communication and interprofessional collaborative practice among healthcare professionals and with the patient is emerging to increase the quality and consistency of information about medications, and consequently, to ensure better use and experience of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pharma24, Academic community pharmacy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Katherine S Blondon
- Faculty of Medicine, Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Medical Directorate, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Sottas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delesha Carpenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claudine Backes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie P Schneider
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pharma24, Academic community pharmacy, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Niazi S, Eusufzai SZ, Saddki N. Predictors of oral health literacy in pregnant women. Health Care Women Int 2023; 44:1466-1480. [PMID: 35302903 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2022.2046751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We determined factors associate with oral health literacy of pregnant women. A total of 203 pregnant women attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) for antenatal care participated in this cross-sectional study. The Malay version of Oral Health Literacy Instrument (OHLI-M) and a structured self-administered questionnaire were used to obtain variables of interest. The mean OHLI-M score was 73.6 (SD 12.59). Only slightly more than half of our participants had adequate oral health literacy (54.2%), while others were marginal (31.0%) and inadequate (14.8%). Our findings revealed that women with adequate oral health literacy were more likely to be those with higher education qualification and were very satisfied or satisfied with their oral health status. The identification of these predictors highlighted the importance to keep oral health education messages simple and clear for the benefit of individuals with low educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Niazi
- Dental Public Health Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Sumaiya Zabin Eusufzai
- Dental Public Health Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Norkhafizah Saddki
- Dental Public Health Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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14
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Shi W, Rothman AJ, Yzer MC, Nagler RH. Effects of Exposure to Conflicting Information About Mammography on Cancer Information Overload, Perceived Scientists' Credibility, and Perceived Journalists' Credibility. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:2481-2490. [PMID: 35607276 PMCID: PMC9681936 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2077163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Conflicting recommendations about mammography screening have received ample media coverage, emphasizing scientists' debate over the value of breast cancer screening and differences in professional organizations' guidelines about the appropriate starting age and frequency of routine mammograms. Whereas past research suggests that exposure to such media coverage of conflicting recommendations can have undesirable consequences, both on topic-specific (e.g., ambivalence about mammography) and more general outcomes (e.g., backlash toward cancer prevention recommendations), experimental evidence, especially for effects on more general health cognitions, is limited. Using data from a population-based sample of U.S. women aged 35-55 years (N = 1467), the current study experimentally tested whether exposure to news stories that varied in the level of conflict about mammography (no, low, medium, and high conflict) affected three general health cognitions-cancer information overload (CIO), perceived scientists' credibility, and perceived journalists' credibility. We further tested whether these effects varied by research literacy. Results showed that exposure to conflict increased women's perceived CIO and reduced their perceptions of journalists' credibility, and that these effects tapered off at higher levels of conflict. Exposure to conflict also reduced perceptions of scientists' credibility, but only among participants with lower levels of research literacy. Directions for future research and implications for mitigating these potentially adverse effects on public health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Shi
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, 111 Murphy Hall, 206 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | | | - Marco C. Yzer
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, 111 Murphy Hall, 206 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Rebekah H. Nagler
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, 111 Murphy Hall, 206 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
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15
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Bizzotto N, Schulz PJ, de Bruijn GJ. The "Loci" of Misinformation and Its Correction in Peer- and Expert-Led Online Communities for Mental Health: Content Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e44656. [PMID: 37721800 PMCID: PMC10546261 DOI: 10.2196/44656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems are recognized as a pressing public health issue, and an increasing number of individuals are turning to online communities for mental health to search for information and support. Although these virtual platforms have the potential to provide emotional support and access to anecdotal experiences, they can also present users with large amounts of potentially inaccurate information. Despite the importance of this issue, limited research has been conducted, especially on the differences that might emerge due to the type of content moderation of online communities: peer-led or expert-led. OBJECTIVE We aim to fill this gap by examining the prevalence, the communicative context, and the persistence of mental health misinformation on Facebook online communities for mental health, with a focus on understanding the mechanisms that enable effective correction of inaccurate information and differences between expert-led and peer-led groups. METHODS We conducted a content analysis of 1534 statements (from 144 threads) in 2 Italian-speaking Facebook groups. RESULTS The study found that an alarming number of comments (26.1%) contained medically inaccurate information. Furthermore, nearly 60% of the threads presented at least one misinformation statement without any correction attempt. Moderators were more likely to correct misinformation than members; however, they were not immune to posting content containing misinformation, which was an unexpected finding. Discussions about aspects of treatment (including side effects or treatment interruption) significantly increased the probability of encountering misinformation. Additionally, the study found that misinformation produced in the comments of a thread, rather than as the first post, had a lower probability of being corrected, particularly in peer-led communities. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of misinformation in online communities, particularly when left uncorrected, underscores the importance of conducting additional research to identify effective mechanisms to prevent its spread. This is especially important given the study's finding that misinformation tends to be more prevalent around specific "loci" of discussion that, once identified, can serve as a starting point to develop strategies for preventing and correcting misinformation within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bizzotto
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Peter Johannes Schulz
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Communication and Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication & Information & LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Gert-Jan de Bruijn
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Huang SS, Song Q, Beiting KJ, Duggan MC, Hines K, Murff H, Leung V, Powers J, Harvey T, Malin B, Yin Z. Fact Check: Assessing the Response of ChatGPT to Alzheimer's Disease Statements with Varying Degrees of Misinformation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.04.23294917. [PMID: 37745352 PMCID: PMC10515299 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.23294917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background There are many myths regarding Alzheimer's disease (AD) that have been circulated on the Internet, each exhibiting varying degrees of accuracy, inaccuracy, and misinformation. Large language models such as ChatGPT, may be a useful tool to help assess these myths for veracity and inaccuracy. However, they can induce misinformation as well. The objective of this study is to assess ChatGPT's ability to identify and address AD myths with reliable information. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of clinicians' evaluation of ChatGPT (GPT 4.0)'s responses to 20 selected AD myths. We prompted ChatGPT to express its opinion on each myth and then requested it to rephrase its explanation using a simplified language that could be more readily understood by individuals with a middle school education. We implemented a survey using Redcap to determine the degree to which clinicians agreed with the accuracy of each ChatGPT's explanation and the degree to which the simplified rewriting was readable and retained the message of the original. We also collected their explanation on any disagreement with ChatGPT's responses. We used five Likert-type scale with a score ranging from -2 to 2 to quantify clinicians' agreement in each aspect of the evaluation. Results The clinicians (n=11) were generally satisfied with ChatGPT's explanations, with a mean (SD) score of 1.0(±0.3) across the 20 myths. While ChatGPT correctly identified that all the 20 myths were inaccurate, some clinicians disagreed with its explanations on 7 of the myths.Overall, 9 of the 11 professionals either agreed or strongly agreed that ChatGPT has the potential to provide meaningful explanations of certain myths. Conclusions The majority of surveyed healthcare professionals acknowledged the potential value of ChatGPT in mitigating AD misinformation. However, the need for more refined and detailed explanations of the disease's mechanisms and treatments was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S. Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qingyuan Song
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly J. Beiting
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria C. Duggan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veteran Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristin Hines
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harvey Murff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vania Leung
- Department of Academic Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Powers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veteran Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - T.S. Harvey
- Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley Malin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhijun Yin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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17
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Lewis CA, de Jersey S, Hiatt J, Osland EJ, Hickman IJ. Patient experiences with micronutrient and overall nutrition management after bariatric surgery: identifying facilitators and barriers to implementing care. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:1030-1040. [PMID: 36948975 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to perioperative guideline recommendations for prophylactic supplementation and regular biochemical monitoring is suboptimal. However, little is known about the patient perspective on this postoperative challenge. OBJECTIVES To qualitatively explore patient experiences of postoperative micronutrient management and identify patient-reported barriers and facilitators to the provision of nutrition care. SETTING Two tertiary public hospitals in Queensland, Australia. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 participants 12 months after bariatric surgery. Inductive analysis of interview transcripts was performed using applied thematic analysis, and deductive analysis was performed by aligning interview themes against the Theoretical Domains Framework and the Capability, Motivation, and Opportunity Behavior Change Wheel Framework. RESULTS Participants' perceptions of engagement with the bariatric surgery multidisciplinary team greatly influenced their experience with overall nutrition care, including but not exclusive to micronutrient care. At times, this engagement negatively impacted patients' experiences with their nutrition care and related to varied acceptance of healthcare advice from the team or, at times, an unmet desire for person-centered communication styles. Engaging person-centered care techniques had a positive influence on patient experience with micronutrient and overall nutrition care. Micronutrient management (taking supplements and having regular blood tests) was broadly accepted and enabled by the presence of established medication and blood test routines preoperatively. However, challenges did exist and were practical in nature. Incorporating education on habit-forming techniques was identified as a facilitator to assist with micronutrient management. CONCLUSION Although participants mostly accept embedding micronutrient management into their life, developing interventions that focus on habit-forming skills and that enable multidisciplinary teams to provide person-centered care is recommended to enhance care after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie-Anne Lewis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Susan de Jersey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne Hiatt
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Human Movements and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma J Osland
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Human Movements and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Hickman
- Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Stormacq C, Oulevey Bachmann A, Van den Broucke S, Bodenmann P. How socioeconomically disadvantaged people access, understand, appraise, and apply health information: A qualitative study exploring health literacy skills. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288381. [PMID: 37556436 PMCID: PMC10411818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health literacy, or a person's competence to access, understand, appraise and apply health information, can be considered a mediating factor between socioeconomic characteristics and health disparities. Socioeconomically disadvantaged people in particular present with less health literacy skills. To develop targeted interventions tailored to their real needs, it is important to understand how they function and what difficulties they encounter when dealing with health information. The purpose of this study was to explore their experiences when accessing, understanding, appraising, and applying health information in their everyday lives. METHODS Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 socioeconomically disadvantaged adults living in the community in Switzerland (age range: 44-60 years old). RESULTS Thematic analysis of the interviews yielded four themes, describing the health literacy processes of participants, related barriers, and compensatory strategies used: Financial insecurity triggers the need for health information; Pathway 1: Physicians as ideal (but expensive) interlocutors; Pathway 2: The internet as a suboptimal alternative; and Pathway 3: Relatives as a default resource. The progression of socioeconomically disadvantaged people in the health literacy process is like an 'obstacle course', with numerous steps taken backwards before they can develop compensatory strategies to overcome the barriers to obtaining health information. CONCLUSIONS Financial deprivation seems to be the most important factor contributing to health literacy barriers. Appraising health information is the health literacy skill with which socioeconomically disadvantaged people struggle the most. Physician-based, individual skills-based, organizational, and policy-based interventions are needed to help them overcome their health literacy challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Stormacq
- University Center for General Medicine and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annie Oulevey Bachmann
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Van den Broucke
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Patrick Bodenmann
- University Center for General Medicine and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Barnwell PV, Rattigan JA, Brennan KT, Fedorenko EJ, Contrada RJ. Exposure to conflicting COVID-19 information in undergraduates: Implications for pandemic-related information-seeking and concern, attention, and cognitive workload. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37289990 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2220409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To examine college students' conflicting COVID-19 information exposure, information-seeking, concern, and cognitive functioning. Participants: 179 undergraduates were recruited in March-April 2020, and 220 in September 2020 (Samples 1 and 2, respectively). Methods: Students completed the Attention Network Test, NASA Task Load Index, and COVID-related questions. Results: In Sample 1, exposure to conflicting information predicted poorer attentional performance and greater COVID-related information-seeking and concern; concern was correlated with workload. In Sample 2, conflicting information was associated with information-seeking. In Sample 1, but not Sample 2, cognitive effects of conflicting information were mediated by information-seeking and virus-related concern. Conclusions: Conflicting COVID-19 information may undermine students' cognitive functions, bearing implications for health, academic performance, and stress. Strategies for countering these effects include enhancing the clarity of institutional messaging, and tailoring course curricula and offering workshops to students, faculty, administrators, and counseling staff to augment students' capacity to comprehend and utilize COVID-related communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick V Barnwell
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jake A Rattigan
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kyle T Brennan
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Erick J Fedorenko
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Richard J Contrada
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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20
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Nollen JM, Brunsveld-Reinders AH, Peul WC, van Furth WR. Patient perspectives on indwelling urinary catheters and fluid balances after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069598. [PMID: 36940939 PMCID: PMC10030659 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the perceptions and experiences of patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary gland and (para)sellar tumour surgery regarding indwelling urinary catheters (IDUCs) and the postoperative fluid balance. DESIGN Qualitative study using semistructured interviews based on the attitudes, social influence and self-efficacy model and expert knowledge. PARTICIPANTS Twelve patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary gland tumour surgery and received an IDUC during or after surgery. SETTING One patient was interviewed in the endocrinology outpatient clinic and 11 patients were interviewed on the neurosurgery ward. RESULTS Five major themes emerged: (1) conflicting information and preoperative expectations, (2) IDUCs perceived as patient-friendly during bedrest, particularly for women, (3) little room for patients' opinions, (4) physical and emotional limitations and (5) fluid balance causes confusion. Information regarding IDUC placement and fluid balance given to patients both preoperatively and postoperatively did not meet their expectations, which led to confusion and uncertainty. The IDUC was perceived as preferable if bedrest was mandatory, preferred particularly by women. Patient could not mobilise freely due to the IDUC and felt ashamed, judged by others and dependent on nurses. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the challenges patients experience in relation to the IDUC and fluid balance. Perceptions on the necessity of an IDUC varied among patients and were influenced by both physical and emotional impediments. A clear, frequent and daily communication between healthcare professionals and patients to evaluate IDUC and fluid balance use is necessary to increase patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne-Marie Nollen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Wilco C Peul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter R van Furth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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21
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Gollust SE, Fowler EF, Nagler RH. Prevalence and Potential Consequences of Exposure to Conflicting Information about Mammography: Results from Nationally-Representative Survey of U.S. Adults. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:349-362. [PMID: 34259097 PMCID: PMC8758803 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1951958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As scientific evidence evolves and clinical guidelines change, a certain amount of conflicting health information in the news media is to be expected. However, research is needed to better understand the public's level of exposure to conflicting health information and the possible consequences of such exposure. This study quantifies levels of public exposure to one paradigmatic case: conflicting information about breast cancer screening for women in their 40s. Using a nationally-representative survey of U.S. adults aged 18-59 in 2016, we implemented four distinct types of measures of exposure to conflicting mammography information: an ecological measure based on keyword counts of local news closed-captioning, an inferred exposure measure based on a series of knowledge questions, a thought-listing exercise where respondents described their perceptions of mammography without prompting, and an explicit measure of self-assessed exposure to conflict. We examined the relationship between these exposure measures and four outcomes: confusion about mammography, backlash toward mammography recommendations, and confusion and backlash about health information more generally. We found moderate amounts of exposure to conflicting information about mammography, more among women than men. Exposure to conflicting information - across multiple measures - was associated with more confusion about mammography, more mammography-related backlash, and general health information backlash, but not general confusion about health information. These observational findings corroborate experimental-based findings that suggest potentially undesirable effects of exposure to conflicting health information. More research is needed to better understand how to mitigate these possible outcomes, in the context of a media landscape that proliferates exposure to multiple scientific perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gollust
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Rebekah H Nagler
- Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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22
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Ihekweazu C. Is Coffee the Cause or the Cure? Conflicting Nutrition Messages in Two Decades of Online New York Times' Nutrition News Coverage. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:260-274. [PMID: 34519247 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1950291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-thirds of US adults report hearing news stories about diet and health relationships daily or a few times a week. These stories have often been labeled as conflicting. While public opinion suggests conflicting nutrition messages are widespread, there has been limited empirical research to support this belief. This study examined the prevalence of conflicting information in online New York Times' news articles discussing published nutrition research between 1996-2016. It also examined the contextual differences that existed between conflicting studies. The final sample included 375 news articles discussing 416 diet and health relationships (228 distinct relationships). The most popular dietary items discussed were alcoholic beverages (n = 51), vitamin D (n = 26), and B vitamins (n = 23). Over the 20-year study period, 12.7% of the 228 diet and health relationships had conflicting reports. Just under three-fourths of the conflicting reports involved changes in study design, 79% involved changes in study population, and 31% involved changes in industry funding. Conflicting nutrition messages can have negative cognitive and behavioral consequences for individuals. To help effectively address conflicting nutrition news coverage, a multi-pronged approach involving journalists, researchers, and news audiences is needed.
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23
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Simonovic N, Taber JM. Effects of Construal Level on Responses to Ambiguous Health Information about Alcohol Consumption. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:238-251. [PMID: 34210211 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1945197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Information about the health effects of alcohol consumption can be ambiguous (i.e., lacking in reliability, credibility, or adequacy) and thus may promote maladaptive health behavior. Guided by Construal Level Theory and a conceptual taxonomy of uncertainty in health care, we tested the hypothesis that manipulating construal level would promote adaptive responses to ambiguous health information. We examined the effects of ambiguous health information about alcohol on health cognitions, message responses, and intentions, as well as whether manipulating construal moderated these effects. Alcohol users (n = 135, Mage = 20.15, 68.9% female) were randomly assigned to either a high-level or low-level construal task and then to read either an ambiguous or unambiguous health communication about the health effects of alcohol. Participants responded similarly to ambiguous health information as they did to unambiguous health information and participants in a high-level construal did not generally report differences compared with those in a low-level construal. Findings suggest that ambiguous health information might not always lead to maladaptive effects. More research is needed to examine moderators of the relationship between ambiguous health information and health outcomes, as well as to understand how and when using construal manipulations are effective in different health contexts.
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Deroover K, Knight S, Burke PF, Bucher T. Why do experts disagree? The development of a taxonomy. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:224-246. [PMID: 35912942 DOI: 10.1177/09636625221110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
People are increasingly exposed to conflicting health information and must navigate this information to make numerous decisions, such as which foods to consume, a process many find difficult. Although some consumers attribute these disagreements to aspects related to uncertainty and complexity of research, many use a narrower set of credibility-based explanations. Experts' views on disagreements are underinvestigated and lack explicit identification and classification of the differences in causes for disagreement. Consequently, there is a gap in existing literature to understand the range of reasons for these contradictions. Combining the findings from a literature study and expert interviews, a taxonomy of disagreements was developed. It identifies 10 types of disagreement classified under three dimensions: informant-, information- and uncertainty-related causes for disagreement. The taxonomy may assist with adoption of more effective strategies to deal with conflicting information and contributes to research and practice of science communication in the context of disagreement.
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Coping With Disasters and Pandemics Through Experience and Community: How African American Older Adults Navigate Disaster Planning, Response, and Recovery. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e291. [PMID: 36594253 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have reported that minorities are disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Few studies have elucidated the lived experiences of African American older adults, and the resiliency displayed in combatting the COVID-19 pandemic and other disasters. METHODS This study used 4 recorded focus groups with 26 African American older adults who have spent most of their lives living in Houston, Texas to assess safety, economic, and health concerns related to the pandemic and similarities or differences with other types of disasters that are specific to Houston/ the Gulf Region of Texas, such as Hurricane Harvey. RESULTS Key themes emerged from the thematic analysis: 1) previous disasters provided important coping and preparation skills, although each occurrence was still a major stressor, 2) while telehealth was a significant benefit, regular health maintenance and chronic disease management were not completed during the COVID-19 pandemic, 3) information from the federal and state authorities were inconsistent and spurred fear and anxiety, 4) participants experienced few to no disruptions to their income but were heavily called on to support family members, and 5) participants experienced anxiety and isolation, but many used existing social connections to cope. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate how African American older adults navigate disaster response and recovery through experience and community. Providing unambiguous information to older adults could prove useful in preparing for future disaster events and coping with disasters.
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26
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Pađen L, Griffiths J, Cullum N. “Negotiating a new normality” - a longitudinal qualitative exploration of the meaning of living with an open surgical wound. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2123932. [PMID: 36102138 PMCID: PMC9481149 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2123932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Little is known about the experiences of people living with open surgical wounds. These wounds are common and predominantly affect young and actively working people. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning of living with open surgical wounds. Methods A qualitative exploratory study was conducted. We collected data using two individual interviews with each of ten participants (aged between 18–73 years) who had open surgical wounds. Our analytical approach was based on qualitative content analysis. Methods are reported using COREQ guidelines. Results We found that the meaning of living with open surgical wounds is shaped by five subthemes: “enduring healing”, “life disruption”, “adapting to a new reality”, “striving for healing” and “returning to normal life;” all under an overarching theme of “negotiating a new normality”. Conclusion Participants’ well-being and everyday living are greatly impacted by open surgical wounds. Findings from this study emphasize that open surgical wounds are a long-term condition with a typical “chronicity” trajectory; this brings a new perspective to previous findings of studies on living with complex wounds. This study has also highlighted areas for further research, related to improving individuals’ experience of living with open surgical wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubiša Pađen
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane Griffiths
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicky Cullum
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Research & Innovation Division, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Research Office, Manchester, UK
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27
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Heer RS, Sandhu P, Wenban C, Mandal AKJ, Missouris CG. Vitamin D in the news: A call for clear public health messaging during Covid-19. Nutr Health 2022; 28:733-739. [PMID: 35360990 PMCID: PMC9716052 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221090293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: The public are increasingly reliant on the internet and media to access healthcare related information during the Covid-19 pandemic. Vitamin D is essential for musculoskeletal and immune health, with daily supplementation advised by public health bodies. Several studies assessing a possible link between vitamin D and Covid-19 severity have arrived at conflicting results and news articles have been rapidly disseminating such research to the public. There has been little focus on studying the quality of information available. Aim: To identify if online search interest in vitamin D increased with pandemic burden and analyse the accuracy of public health messaging relating to vitamin D in online news articles. Methods: Online search interest data for vitamin D was correlated with pandemic burden, defined as the number of Covid-19 deaths. Online news articles discussing vitamin D and Covid-19 were analysed using qualitative coding. Results: Online search interest for vitamin D increased as pandemic burden increased (p < 0.0001, Spearman's rank). Of the 72 articles identified, most (50%) offered a mixed opinion on the benefit of vitamin D in Covid-19. From articles making a recommendation for vitamin D supplementation, 23% of articles gave mixed messaging or advised against supplementation. 16% of articles recommended a dose which exceeded the safe limit of 4000 IU/day, risking toxicity. Conclusion: A significant number of articles provided mixed messaging or incorrectly advised supratherapeutic doses. This study highlights an opportunity for public health bodies to utilise the increased interest in vitamin D during the pandemic to raise awareness with accurate information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randeep S Heer
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Preeti Sandhu
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Amit K J Mandal
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Constantinos G Missouris
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- University of Nicosia Medical
School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Santos B, Blondon KS, Van Gessel E, Cerutti B, Backes C, Locher S, Guignard B, Bonnabry P, Carpenter D, Schneider MP. Patients' perceptions of conflicting information on chronic medications: a prospective survey in Switzerland. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060083. [PMID: 36328384 PMCID: PMC9639071 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The number of patients with chronic diseases and subsequent visits to various healthcare professionals has been rising over the past decades, exposing patients to potential risks of receiving conflicting medication information. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of conflicting information on medications perceived by chronic patients in Switzerland and to understand its impact on patients' medication self-management and navigation in the healthcare system. PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study included adult patients taking at least one prescribed medication for at least 6 months, who had visited at least two physicians in the past 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data on patients' perceptions of conflicting information were collected in person through a 17-item questionnaire available on paper and electronically with four domains: (1) whether the patient had perceived any conflicting information, (2) categories of conflicting information, (3) impact and (4) sources involved in the conflicting information. RESULTS Of the 405 included patients, 47% perceived conflicting information related to one or more medication topics including indication, schedule, dosage, risk, severity or duration of side effects. Patients who perceived conflicting information were prescribed more drugs than those perceiving no conflicting information (p<0.01). Consequently, 65% of the participants modified their navigation of the healthcare system and 34% reported medication non-adherence. General practitioners (82%), specialist physicians (74%) and pharmacists (49%) were the healthcare professionals most often involved in conflicting information. Experience with the medication, its package insert and significant others were more frequently involved in conflicting information than internet or social media. CONCLUSION Nearly half the patients in our study perceived conflicting information in the outpatient healthcare system, which can decrease medication effectiveness and pose safety issues. This issue is widely overlooked and unaddressed. Consistency of information among healthcare providers in partnership with patients should be reinforced through guidelines and new models of interprofessional care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Santos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Katherine S Blondon
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Medical Directorate, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Bernard Cerutti
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Backes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Locher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal Bonnabry
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delesha Carpenter
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marie P Schneider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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The popularity of contradictory information about COVID-19 vaccine on social media in China. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022; 134:107320. [PMID: 35527790 PMCID: PMC9068608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To eliminate the impact of contradictory information on vaccine hesitancy on social media, this research developed a framework to compare the popularity of information expressing contradictory attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine or vaccination, mine the similarities and differences among contradictory information's characteristics, and determine which factors influenced the popularity mostly. We called Sina Weibo API to collect data. Firstly, to extract multi-dimensional features from original tweets and quantify their popularity, content analysis, sentiment computing and k-medoids clustering were used. Statistical analysis showed that anti-vaccine tweets were more popular than pro-vaccine tweets, but not significant. Then, by visualizing the features' centrality and clustering in information-feature networks, we found that there were differences in text characteristics, information display dimension, topic, sentiment, readability, posters' characteristics of the original tweets expressing different attitudes. Finally, we employed regression models and SHapley Additive exPlanations to explore and explain the relationship between tweets' popularity and content and contextual features. Suggestions for adjusting the organizational strategy of contradictory information to control its popularity from different dimensions, such as poster's influence, activity and identity, tweets' topic, sentiment, readability were proposed, to reduce vaccine hesitancy.
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Zimbres TM, Ruiz JB, Bell RA. Conservative Media Use and Childhood COVID-19 Vaccine Information: A Test of the Contradictory Health Information Processing Model. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 27:250-261. [PMID: 35819298 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2097344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Contradictory Health Information Processing (CHIP) model explains individuals' processing of conflicting health claims. Tests of the model, while highly supportive, have been experimental and have relied upon low-familiar topics. Accordingly, a survey of parents with a child aged <12 years (N = 510) was conducted to test the application of the CHIP model to the controversial issue of childhood COVID-19 vaccination; such a vaccine had not yet been approved for this age group at the time of the survey. As hypothesized, reliance upon conservative news was associated with the perception that media information contradicted official guidance to vaccinate children, which led to issue uncertainty. Issue uncertainty prompted negative appraisals and decision uncertainty. Specifically, decision uncertainty partially mediated the effect of issue uncertainty on negative appraisals of vaccination, which in turn aroused threat emotions. However, threat emotions did not predict information-seeking, as specified in the model. This result may have been due to respondents having already decided to vaccinate their child, or not - a reflection of the partisan nature of the topic and the extensive coverage it had received. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais M Zimbres
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis
| | - Jeanette B Ruiz
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis
| | - Robert A Bell
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis
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Wang M, Negrier C, Driessler F, Goodman C, Skinner MW. The Hemophilia Gene Therapy Patient Journey: Questions and Answers for Shared Decision-Making. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:1439-1447. [PMID: 35707346 PMCID: PMC9191577 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s355627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The anticipated emergence of hemophilia gene therapy will present people with hemophilia (PWH) and treating clinicians with increasingly complex treatment options. It will be critical that PWH and their families be empowered to participate fully in decision-making through transparent communication and the development of targeted educational resources. METHODS The Council of Hemophilia Community (CHC) convened across a series of roundtable meetings to define the patient journey for hemophilia gene therapy, and to develop a question-and-answer style resource to guide discussion between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and their patients. Patient groups were also consulted during the development of this tool. RESULTS The CHC defined 5 key stages in the hemophilia gene therapy patient journey: pre-gene therapy (information-seeking and decision-making), treatment initiation, short- and long-term post-gene therapy follow-up. PWH will have different questions and concerns at each stage of their journey, which should be discussed with their HCP to aid decision-making. The resulting patient journey infographic and Q&A resource (see Supplementary Materials) has been developed for HCPs and PWH to provide a novel and practical roadmap of key issues and considerations throughout all stages. CONCLUSION These resources support a collaborative, patient-centric, shared decision-making approach to inform treatment decision discussions between HCPs and PWH. The value of such discussions will be influenced by the language adopted; health literacy is a particularly important consideration, and these discussions should be accessible and tailored to PWH. HCPs and PWH can benefit from awareness of the common questions and uncertainties as they progress together along the patient journey. While the contents of this article are specific to hemophilia gene therapy, the concepts developed here could be adapted to aid patients in other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wang
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Claude Negrier
- National Reference Center for Haemophilia, Louis Pradel Cardiology Hospital, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frank Driessler
- Bayer, Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Frank Driessler, Bayer AG, Peter Merian Straße 84, Basel, CH-4052, Switzerland, Tel +41 79 422 32 18, Email
| | | | - Mark W Skinner
- Institute for Policy Advancement Ltd, Washington, DC, USA
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Vassilikopoulos T, Kalokairinou A, Kourlaba G, Grapsa E. Evaluation of Pupils' Knowledge about Kidney Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12811. [PMID: 34886537 PMCID: PMC8657303 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of renal function knowledge of primary school pupils in Greece. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 220 pupils, coming from the 5th and 6th grades of general education schools. A questionnaire consisting of 11 questions was developed from scratch. However, based on an analysis of Cronbach's alpha values obtained when individual questions were deleted, two questions were removed from the analysis, and only nine remained for analysis and participated in the calculation of the knowledge score. Moreover, the gender and daily habits of pupils regarding water consumption and frequency of urination were recorded. Pupils had a high percentage of correct knowledge about the number of kidneys (95.2%), whether a child may have problems with the kidneys (85.5%) and whether a person can survive with one kidney (68.5%). Low levels of knowledge were observed in the function and role of the kidneys (36.4%), as well as the part of the body where the kidneys are located (30.9%). The median (interquartile range (IQR)) total knowledge score was 6 (5-7), with no difference detected between genders (p = 0.135). A statistically significant difference between pupils of 5th and 6th grades was found but the difference did not seem to be clinically significant (p = 0.035). The present research demonstrates that pupils' knowledge of renal function and the protection of their kidneys needs improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Vassilikopoulos
- Nephrology Department, Aretaieio University Hospital, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athena Kalokairinou
- Faculty of Nursing, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia Kourlaba
- School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eirini Grapsa
- Nephrology Department, Aretaieio University Hospital, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
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Kvalsvik F, Øgaard T, Jensen Ø. Environmental factors that impact the eating behavior of home-living older adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Niszczota P, Petrova D. Treatment choice in the presence of conflicting information: The role of physician likeability in the choice of non-proven therapies against conventional treatment. Br J Health Psychol 2021; 27:501-515. [PMID: 34542194 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Research on why patients sometimes choose non-proven therapies (NPT) instead of conventional treatments is limited. We investigated how physician likeability influences the choice of NPT instead of conventional treatment. In an experiment with three medical scenarios, participants (N = 384) consulted two physicians who gave conflicting recommendations: The first physician recommended a conventional treatment and the second one recommended a NPT. We manipulated the likeability of the first physician, who was either likeable or unlikeable. Using mediation analyses, we explored how the effect of likeability was channelled and whether time pressure influenced treatment choice. Participants chose the NPT more often (OR = 1.43, 95% CI [1.03-2.00]), had more positive affective responses, and perceived more benefit from NPT when the conventional treatment was recommended by an unlikeable (vs. likeable) physician. Time pressure had no effect on treatment choice. Physicians' likeability might play an important role in treatment choice in the presence of conflicting information. Providers should be cognizant that poor communication might push patients to prefer the advice of more likeable physicians, even when they prescribe NPT instead of conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dafina Petrova
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Andalusian School of Public Health (Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública), Granada, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute ibs.GRANADA (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA), Spain.,University of Granada, Spain
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35
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Healthy or not? The impact of conflicting health-related information on attentional resources. J Behav Med 2021; 45:306-317. [PMID: 34535867 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite its ubiquity, little is known about the impact of exposure to conflicting health information on cognitive efficiency. We hypothesized that it would reduce attentional capacity, as evidenced by (1) increased response errors during the Attention Network Test (ANT), (2) decreased efficiency of each ANT system (alerting, orienting, execute control), and (3) increased self-reported workload, (4) nutritional confusion and (5) nutritional backlash. A sample of 184 online participants were assigned randomly to read an article containing either congruent or conflicting health information. Subsequently, they completed the ANT and self-report measures of workload, nutritional confusion, and backlash at nutritional recommendations and research. Participants in the conflicting health information condition made more errors, had overall slower reaction times, and reported greater workload, nutritional confusion, and backlash. No differences were found for individual ANT systems. These findings suggest that exposure to conflicting health information can degrade attentional mechanisms responsible for accurate and prompt responding to incoming information.
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36
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Nagler RH, Vogel RI, Gollust SE, Yzer MC, Rothman AJ. Effects of Prior Exposure to Conflicting Health Information on Responses to Subsequent Unrelated Health Messages: Results from a Population-Based Longitudinal Experiment. Ann Behav Med 2021; 56:498-511. [PMID: 34398961 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to conflicting health information can adversely affect public understanding of and trust in health recommendations. What is not known is whether prior exposure to such information renders people less receptive to subsequent unrelated health messages about behaviors for which the evidence is clear and consistent. PURPOSE This study tests this "carryover" effects hypothesis, positing that prior exposure to conflict will reduce receptivity to subsequent unrelated health messages, and examines potential affective and cognitive pathways through which such effects might occur. METHODS A three-wave, online, population-based survey experiment (N = 2,716) assessed whether participants who were randomly assigned to view a series of health news stories and social media posts featuring conflict at Times 1 and 2 were ultimately less receptive at Time 3 to ads from existing health campaigns about behaviors for which there is scientific consensus, compared to those who saw the same series of stories and posts that did not feature conflict. RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed evidence of carryover effects of exposure to conflict on two dimensions of message receptivity: greater resistance to the unrelated ads and lower perceptions of the health behaviors featured in the ads. Modeling indicated that carryover effects were a function of generalized backlash toward health recommendations and research elicited by prior exposure to conflicting information. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the broader public information environment, which is increasingly characterized by messages of conflict and controversy, could undermine the success of large-scale public health messaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah H Nagler
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, 111 Murphy Hall, 206 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE MMC 395, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah E Gollust
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 420 Delaware Street SE MMC 729, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marco C Yzer
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, 111 Murphy Hall, 206 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexander J Rothman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, N321 Elliot Hall, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Klein WMP, O'Connell ME, Bloch MH, Czajkowski SM, Green PA, Han PKJ, Moser RP, Nebeling LC, Vanderpool RC. Behavioral Research in Cancer Prevention and Control: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:179-186. [PMID: 34240206 PMCID: PMC8344826 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that behaviors such as poor diet, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, sedentary behavior, and excessive ultraviolet exposure account for nearly one-half of all cancer morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, the behavioral, social, and communication sciences have been important contributors to cancer prevention and control research, with methodological advances and implementation science helping to produce optimally effective interventions. To sustain these contributions, it is vital to adapt to the contemporary context. Efforts must consider ancillary effects of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic, profound changes in the information environment and public understanding of and trust in science, renewed attention to structural racism and social determinants of health, and the rapidly increasing population of cancer survivors. Within this context, it is essential to accelerate reductions in tobacco use across all population subgroups; consider new models of energy balance (diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior); increase awareness of alcohol as a risk factor for cancer; and identify better communication practices in the context of cancer-related decisions such as screening and genetic testing. Successful integration of behavioral research and cancer prevention depends on working globally and seamlessly across disciplines, taking a multilevel approach where possible. Methodological and analytic approaches should be emphasized in research training programs and should use new and underused data sources and technologies. As the leadership core of the National Cancer Institute’s Behavioral Research Program, we reflect on these challenges and opportunities and consider implications for the next phase of behavioral research in cancer prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M P Klein
- Associate Director, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute
| | - Mary E O'Connell
- Scientific Program Manager, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute
| | - Michele H Bloch
- Chief, Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute
| | | | - Paige A Green
- Chief, Basic Biobehavioral/Psychological Sciences Research Branch, National Cancer Institute
| | - Paul K J Han
- Senior Scientist, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute
| | - Richard P Moser
- Training Director and Research Methods Coordinator, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute
| | - Linda C Nebeling
- Deputy Associate Director, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute
| | - Robin C Vanderpool
- Chief, Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute
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Lee DKL, Ramazan O. Fact-Checking of Health Information: The Effect of Media Literacy, Metacognition and Health Information Exposure. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:491-500. [PMID: 34292862 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1955312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the rampant circulation of health information, concerns for the information quality are growing. Thereby, scholars are calling for media literacy as an educative means to cultivate fact-checking behavior among information consumers. Focusing on the critical role of metacognition for education effectiveness, this study examined the underlying mechanism that is conducive to the success of media literacy in the context of health information consumption. Based on the survey data collected from 502 Reddit.com users, our findings showed that media literacy was positively associated with fact-checking behavior for health information. Mediation analysis indicated that metacognition mediated the positive relationship between media literacy and fact-checking behavior. In addition, moderated-mediation analysis demonstrated that the mediating effect was weaker for individuals who had higher exposure to health information. The study sheds light on the factors that are essential for the success of media literacy. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ka Lai Lee
- Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Onur Ramazan
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Zimbres TM, Bell RA, Miller LMS, Zhang J. When Media Health Stories Conflict: Test of the Contradictory Health Information Processing (CHIP) Model. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:460-472. [PMID: 34304728 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1950239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Guided by Uncertainty Management Theory, UMT, we tested a model that explicates how uncertainty arising from contradictory health information is managed through information seeking. In an online experiment, 763 U.S. adults were randomly assigned to one of three message conditions: contradictory, non-contradictory, or control. Participants in the contradictory and non-contradictory conditions answered questions about their perceptions of contradiction, issue and decision uncertainty, negative appraisals and emotions, and information-seeking intentions. They also completed measures of several moderator variables, including information overload, intolerance for uncertainty, and health self-efficacy. Baseline levels of issue and decision uncertainty were measured in the control condition. Model tenets were confirmed: perceptions of contradiction led to issue uncertainty which, in turn, prompted cognitive appraisals directly, and indirectly through increased decision uncertainty. The effects of issue and decision uncertainty on information-seeking intentions were mediated by negative appraisals and threat emotions. Individuals with high health self-efficacy and positive outcome expectations of information search were more likely to manage uncertainty through information seeking. These results support the use of the CHIP model when perceptions of contradiction and decision uncertainty need to be accounted for, while also validating UMT for its original purposes. Model refinements and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais M Zimbres
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Robert A Bell
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Yang B, Barbati JL, Choi Y. Will E-Cigarette Modified Risk Messages with a Nicotine Warning Polarize Smokers' Beliefs about the Efficacy of Switching Completely to E-Cigarettes in Reducing Smoking-Related Risks? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6094. [PMID: 34198812 PMCID: PMC8200968 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the U.S., e-cigarette companies can apply for permission to use reduced or modified risk messages (MRMs) in their marketing materials. Because e-cigarette marketing materials should have a nicotine addictiveness warning, MRMs and a nicotine warning could appear together-resulting in a conflicting message. When reading a conflicting message, individuals assimilate evidence supporting their pre-existing beliefs and eventually develop stronger beliefs, diverging more from those with different pre-existing beliefs (i.e., polarization). This study examined if exposure to e-cigarette MRMs with a nicotine warning polarizes smokers' initially opposing beliefs about the efficacy of switching completely to e-cigarettes in reducing smoking-related risks, and if this polarization depends on individuals' need for closure. An online experiment randomized 761 U.S. adult smokers to either three MRMs with a nicotine warning or three control messages. People reported their perceived efficacy of switching completely to e-cigarettes at pre- and posttest and need for closure at pretest. Linear regression showed no polarization effects. Nonetheless, need for closure and pretest efficacy beliefs influenced message response: MRMs with a nicotine warning only enhanced efficacy beliefs of smokers with low pretest efficacy beliefs and low need for closure. Evaluation of e-cigarette mixed communication should consider individuals' motivational and cognitive differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Communication, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.L.B.); (Y.C.)
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Southwell BG, Duval S, Luepker RV, Oldenburg N, Van't Hof J, Eder M, Russell C, Graves RN, Finnegan J. News coverage about aspirin as a countervailing force against low-dose aspirin campaign promotion. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1941-1946. [PMID: 34080629 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organized health promotion efforts sometimes compete with news media, social media, and other sources when providing recommendations for healthy behavior. In recent years, patients have faced a complicated information environment regarding aspirin use as a prevention tool for heart health. We explored the possibility that campaign promotion of low-dose aspirin use might have been undermined by news coverage in the USA detailing controversies regarding aspirin use. Using time series data on low-dose aspirin sales in Minnesota, USA, we assessed whether news coverage of aspirin or audience engagement with the Ask About Aspirin campaign website predicted subsequent changes in low-dose aspirin sales, over and above any secular trend. News coverage predicted actual low-dose aspirin purchases whereas exposure to a state-level campaign did not. While a campaign effort to encourage people at risk to discuss low-dose aspirin use with their health care providers did not generate substantive changes in low-dose aspirin tablet sales in the areas of Minnesota monitored for this study, past news coverage about aspirin use, including news about negative side effects, may have suppressed low-dose aspirin sales during this same period. The extent of news coverage about aspirin and heart health had a negative effect on tablet sales recorded in greater Minnesota approximately a month later in an ARIMA time series model, coefficient = -.014, t = -2.33, p = .02. Presented evidence of news coverage effect suggests health campaign assessment should consider trends in the public information environment as potential countervailing forces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sue Duval
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Milton Eder
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Kates FR, Romero R, Jones D, Egelfeld J, Datta S. A Comparison of Web-Based Cancer Risk Calculators That Inform Shared Decision-making for Lung Cancer Screening. J Gen Intern Med 2021; 36:1543-1552. [PMID: 33835312 PMCID: PMC8175495 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To align patient preferences and understanding with harm-benefit perception, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) mandates that providers engage patients in a collaborative shared decision-making (SDM) visit before LDCT. Nonetheless, patients and providers often turn instead to the web for help making decisions. Several web-based lung cancer risk calculators (LCRCs) provide risk predictions and screening recommendations; however, the accuracy, consistency, and subsequent user interpretation of these predictions between LCRCs is ambiguous. We conducted a systematic review to assess this variability. DESIGN Through a systematic Internet search, we identified 10 publicly available LCRCs and categorized their input variables: demographic factors, cancer history, smoking status, and personal/environmental factors. To assess variance in LCRC risk prediction outputs, we developed 16 hypothetical patients along a risk continuum, illustrated by randomly assigned input variables, and individually compared them to each LCRC against the empirically validated "gold-standard" PLCO risk model in order to evaluate the accuracy of the LCRCs within identical time-windows. RESULTS From the inclusion criteria, 11 calculators were initially identified. The analyzed calculators also vary in output characteristics and risk depiction for hypothetical patients. There were 13 total instances across ten hypothetical patients in which the sample standard error exceeded the mean risk percentage across all general samples and set standard calculations. The largest measured difference is 16.49% for patient 8, and the smallest difference is 0.01% for patient 2. The largest measured difference is 16.49% for patient 8, and the smallest difference is 0.01% for patient 2. CONCLUSION Substantial variability in the depiction of lung cancer risk for hypothetical patients exists across the web-based LCRCs due to their respective inputs and risk prediction models. To foster informed decision-making in the SDM-LDCT context, the input variables, risk prediction models, risk depiction, and screening recommendations must be standardized to best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick R Kates
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Ryan Romero
- Bachelor of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Bachelor of Science in Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jacqueline Egelfeld
- Bachelor of Health Science, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Santanu Datta
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Fareed N, Jonnalagadda P, Swoboda CM, Samineni P, Griesenbrock T, Huerta T. Socioeconomic Factors Influence Health Information Seeking and Trust Over Time: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional, Pooled Analyses of HINTS Data. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:1084-1094. [PMID: 34008418 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211018135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessed socioeconomic factors in health information seeking behavior and trust of information sources from 2007 to 2017. DESIGN Pooled cross-sectional survey data. SETTING Health Information National Trends Survey. PARTICIPATION Data included 6 iterations of U.S. adults (Pooled: N = 19,496; 2007: N = 3,593; 2011: N = 3,959; 2013: N = 3,185; FDA 2015: N = 3,738; 2017: N = 3,285; and FDA 2017: N = 1,736). MEASURES Outcome variables were health information seeking, high confidence, and high trust of health information from several sources. Independent variables were education and income group, controlling for other sociodemographic variables. ANALYSIS Weighted descriptive and multivariate logistic regression for the pooled sample assessed associations by education and income. Fully interacted models with education/income-survey year interactions compared differences in outcomes between years. RESULTS We found information seeking, confidence, and trust were associated with income and education, which supported previously reported findings. Additionally, our findings indicated low-and medium-income groups had significantly lower odds of seeking health information compared to those in a high-income group. Regarding trust of information, a high school education was associated with higher odds of trust in family and friends. We also found that, over time, information seeking, confidence, and trust behavior differed by income and education, with some differences persisting. CONCLUSION Disparities by income and education in trust of information sources remained across time. Understanding optimal information sources, their reach, and their credibility among groups could enable more targeted interventions and health messaging. We also describe the implications for our findings in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naleef Fareed
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pallavi Jonnalagadda
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christine M Swoboda
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pranav Samineni
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Griesenbrock
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy Huerta
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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44
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Bradshaw AS, Shelton SS, Wollney E, Treise D, Auguste K. Pro-Vaxxers Get Out: Anti-Vaccination Advocates Influence Undecided First-Time, Pregnant, and New Mothers on Facebook. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:693-702. [PMID: 31920115 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1712037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Social media has revolutionized health information-seeking behavior with crowd-based medical advice. Decreased vaccination uptake and subsequent disease outbreaks have generally occurred in localized clusters based on social norms; however, geographically unrestricted Facebook networks promote parental vaccination refusal congruent with digital identity formation. Interactions within the largest closed Facebook group for vaccination choice were analyzed through the lens of Social Influence Theory. Anti-vaccination advocates impacted first-time mothers' expressed vaccination intentions through both informational and normative influence processes. Six overarching themes were identified as strategies used by these individuals to persuade fence sitting parents to delay or decline vaccinations, including: natural solutions, maternal empowerment, distrust of conventional medicine establishment, fear appeals, 'Russian Roulette' risk benefit analysis, and misinformation and misunderstandings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Bradshaw
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida
| | - Summer S Shelton
- Department of Communication, Media, & Persuasion, Idaho State University
| | - Easton Wollney
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida
| | - Debbie Treise
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida
| | - Kendra Auguste
- Department of Communication, Media, & Persuasion, Idaho State University
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French AM, Storey VC, Wallace L. LES MISÉRABLES: THE TALE OF COVID-19 AND ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMPUTING AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10919392.2021.1904093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. French
- Information Systems,Kennesaw State University Coles College of Business, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States
| | - Veda C. Storey
- J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Linda Wallace
- Accounting and Information Systems,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
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Li JY, Wen TJ, McKeever R, Kim JK. Uncertainty and Negative Emotions in Parental Decision-making on Childhood Vaccinations: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior to the Context of Conflicting Health Information. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:215-224. [PMID: 33908834 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1913677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Delaying childhood vaccinations has become a public health threat. Numerous studies have shown that the proliferation of conflicting information about the health effects of childhood vaccinations leads parents to believe misinformation about the outcomes of these vaccinations. To build upon the limited understanding of how conflicting information affects decision-making of health protective behaviors, this study extends and applies the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in the context of childhood vaccinations. This study integrates perceived uncertainty as an antecedent of the TPB model, and incudes the negative emotions resulting from the uncertainty as a parallel predictor for the model to examine parents' acceptance of and engagement in childhood vaccinations. Drawing from a survey of with parents in the United States (N = 405), we found that both perceived uncertainty and subjective norms are strong predictors of parents' attitudes and perceived control regarding childhood vaccinations. Additionally, our study also proved that affective factors and the other three cognitive components in TPB are equally important on the formation of parents' intentions of childhood vaccinations. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Yun Li
- Department of Strategic Communication, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Taylor Jing Wen
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Robert McKeever
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joon Kyoung Kim
- Harrington School of Communication and Media, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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Shi W, Nagler RH, Fowler EF, Gollust SE. Predictors of Women's Awareness of the Benefits and Harms of Mammography Screening and Associations with Confusion, Ambivalence, and Information Seeking. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:303-314. [PMID: 31690128 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1687129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a shift toward promoting informed decision making for mammography screening for average-risk women in their 40s. Professional organizations such as the American Cancer Society and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommend that women weigh the potential benefits and harms of mammography prior to initiating screening. This decision-making process assumes that women are aware of both the benefits and harms of screening, yet little is known about the prevalence and antecedents of such awareness. Moreover, it is conceivable that women who are aware of both the benefits and harms may interpret this information as conflicting - which could be concerning, as researchers have documented adverse effects of exposure to conflicting health information in prior research. Using data from a population-based survey of U.S. women aged 30-59 (N = 557), the current study found that awareness of mammography's harms is relatively low compared to awareness of benefits. Health news exposure and interpersonal communication about health were associated with greater awareness of harms. In addition, women's awareness of both the benefits and harms was positively associated with confusion about breast cancer screening recommendations, ambivalence about getting a mammogram, and mammogram-related information seeking from online sources. Implications for cancer screening communication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Shi
- Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota
| | - Rebekah H Nagler
- Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Sarah E Gollust
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health
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Meza-Palmeros JA. Prescripciones alimentarias y límites de la medicalización: polifonía y utilización de medios de comunicación en uma población urbana de México. SAUDE E SOCIEDADE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902021200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumen La línea argumental del presente trabajo sostiene que la polifonía discursiva contenida en la información relacionada con prescripciones alimentarias, que reproducen diversos sujetos discursivos, contribuye a generar resignificaciones en la población sobre las prescripciones propuestas que se traducen en prácticas alimentarias de refracción, las mismas que pudieran explicar el impacto limitado que han tenido las intervenciones educativas para la promoción de “estilos de vida saludables”. El objetivo fue estudiar el proceso de refracción de la información prescriptiva sobre alimentación e identificar las prácticas alimentarias generadas en la población det un barrio de Monterrey, México, a partir de su interacción con sujetos discursivos claves, incluidos los medios de comunicación. Se realizó una etnografía polifónica de diez meses de duración que incluyó observación participante, entrevistas etnográficas y una encuesta. Se identificaron tres tipos de discursos prescriptivos: restrictivo, selectivo y asociado a la medicamentación. Producto de la refracción de dichos discursos, la población ha generado prácticas de sustitución y de restricción de ciertos alimentos, manifestando con ello su preocupación por la salud infantil.
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Pan S, Zhang D, Zhang J. Caught in the Crossfire: How Contradictory Information and Norms on Social Media Influence Young Women's Intentions to Receive HPV Vaccination in the United States and China. Front Psychol 2020; 11:548365. [PMID: 33343438 PMCID: PMC7744687 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.548365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study uses online survey data from the United States and China to examine how contradictory information and social norms regarding HPV vaccines obtained through social media are related to young women’s attitudes and intentions surrounding HPV vaccination. The results show that exposure to contradictory information on social media had a greater negative association with intentions to receive HPV vaccination among the United States participants than among the Chinese participants, while social norms supporting HPV vaccines had a stronger positive association with intentions to receive HPV vaccination among the Chinese participants than among the United States participants. These findings extend the literature on social media communication regarding HPV vaccination and contribute to our knowledge of cultural contexts that influence intentions to receive HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Pan
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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50
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Walker KK, Owens H, Zimet G. The role of the media on maternal confidence in provider HPV recommendation. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1765. [PMID: 33228674 PMCID: PMC7684709 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite a growing understanding of the importance of provider HPV recommendation on parental acceptance, U.S. HPV vaccination rates remain suboptimal. Given the prevalence and use of the media for health decisions, this study examined the relationship between the media and provider HPV recommendation on maternal HPV vaccine hesitancy. Methods Thirty individual interviews with HPV vaccine-accepting mothers in the Midwest U.S. were conducted to examine their feelings of hesitancy around the decision to accept HPV vaccination at the time of provider recommendation and their suggestions for improving the recommendation experience by addressing media concerns. Results Media exposure was an antecedent to hesitancy for three main vaccination concerns: safety, protection/efficacy and sexual stigma. Although mothers accepted vaccination, they continued to feel confused and hesitant about HPV vaccination. They had several recommendations for how providers could combat hesitancy to improve confidence in HPV vaccine acceptance. Conclusions Providers’ approach to HPV vaccination recommendation must consider concerns reported in the media with delivery techniques modified to adjust to maternal fears absorbed from adverse media information. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-09877-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Walker
- Zimmerman School of Advertising and Mass Communications, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, CIS1040, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
| | - Heather Owens
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Gregory Zimet
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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