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Greathouse KL, Stone JK, Vargas AJ, Choudhury A, Padgett RN, White JR, Jung A, Harris CC. Co-enrichment of cancer-associated bacterial taxa is correlated with immune cell infiltrates in esophageal tumor tissue. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2574. [PMID: 38296990 PMCID: PMC10831118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and certain oral and intestinal pathogens have been associated with cancer development and progression. We asked if esophageal microbiomes had shared alterations that could provide novel biomarkers for ESCA risk. We extracted DNA from tumor and non-tumor tissue of 212 patients in the NCI-MD case control study and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene (V3-4), with TCGA ESCA RNA-seq (n = 172) and WGS (n = 123) non-human reads used as validation. We identified four taxa, Campylobacter, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Fusobacterium as highly enriched in esophageal cancer across all cohorts. Using SparCC, we discovered that Fusobacterium and Prevotella were also co-enriched across all cohorts. We then analyzed immune cell infiltration to determine if these dysbiotic taxa were associated with immune signatures. Using xCell to obtain predicted immune infiltrates, we identified a depletion of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP) cells in tumors with presence of any of the four taxa, along with enrichment of platelets in tumors with Campylobactor or Fusobacterium. Taken together, our results suggest that intratumoral presence of these co-occurring bacterial genera may confer tumor promoting immune alterations that allow disease progression in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Greathouse
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
- Nutrition Division, Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - J K Stone
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A J Vargas
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - R N Padgett
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J R White
- Resphera Biosciences, LLC, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Jung
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - C C Harris
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Yuan S, Ruan X, Sun Y, Fu T, Zhao J, Deng M, Chen J, Li X, Larsson SC. Birth weight, childhood obesity, adulthood obesity and body composition, and gastrointestinal diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2603-2614. [PMID: 37664887 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This Mendelian randomization study aimed to investigate the associations of birth weight, childhood BMI, and adulthood BMI, waist-hip ratio, and body composition with the risk of 24 gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS Independent genetic instruments associated with the exposures at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10-8 ) were selected from corresponding large-scale genome-wide association studies. Summary-level data for gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank, the FinnGen study, and large consortia of European ancestry. RESULTS Genetically predicted higher levels of birth weight were associated with a lower risk of gastroesophageal reflux. Genetically predicted higher childhood BMI was associated with an increased risk of duodenal ulcer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cholelithiasis. However, the associations did not persist after adjusting for genetically predicted adulthood BMI. Genetically predicted higher adulthood BMI and waist-hip ratio were associated with 19 and 17 gastrointestinal diseases, respectively. Genetically predicted greater visceral adiposity was associated with an increased risk of 17 gastrointestinal diseases. There were no strong associations among genetically predicted whole-body fat and fat-free mass indices with gastrointestinal diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that greater adulthood adiposity, measured as either BMI, waist-hip ratio, or visceral adipose tissue, is causally associated with an increased risk of a broad range of gastrointestinal diseases in the European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xixian Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ketchem CJ, Ocampo AA, Xue Z, Chang NC, Thakkar KP, Reddy S, Greenberg SB, Lee CJ, Redd WD, Eluri S, Reed CC, Dellon ES. Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated With Decreased Treatment Response to Topical Steroids in Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:2252-2259.e3. [PMID: 36410644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Understanding which eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients will respond to treatment with topical corticosteroids (tCS) remains challenging, and it is unknown whether obesity impacts treatment response. This study aimed to determine whether treatment outcomes to tCS in EoE patients vary by body mass index (BMI). METHODS This retrospective cohort study of the University of North Carolina EoE Clinicopathologic database assessed subjects age 14 years or older with a new diagnosis of EoE. Their BMI was calculated and histologic, symptom, and endoscopic responses were recorded after tCS treatment. The treatment response of obese (BMI, ≥30 kg/m2) and nonobese EoE status was compared using bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS We identified 296 EoE patients treated with tCS. Baseline characteristics were similar, although obese EoE patients had more heartburn and hiatal hernias. Histologic response was higher for those who were nonobese compared with obese at fewer than 15 (61% vs 47%; P = .049) and 6 or fewer (54% vs 38%; P = .02) eosinophils per high-power field, respectively. In addition, nonobese patients had significantly greater endoscopic and symptomatic responses. On multivariate analysis, increasing BMI was associated independently with decreased histologic response after accounting for age, heartburn, dilation, and hiatal hernia whether BMI was assessed as a continuous variable (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98), as nonobese vs obese (aOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21-0.68), or in 4 categories (overweight vs normal [aOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.84] or obese vs normal [aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13-0.51]). CONCLUSIONS As BMI increases in EoE patients, the odds of histologic, symptomatic, and endoscopic responses to tCS decreases, with obese patients having an approximately 40% decrease in odds of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey J Ketchem
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adolfo A Ocampo
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Zeyun Xue
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicole C Chang
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kisan P Thakkar
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sumana Reddy
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sydney B Greenberg
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Christopher J Lee
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Walker D Redd
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Swathi Eluri
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Craig C Reed
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Evan S Dellon
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Amini M, Azizmohammad Looha M, Rahimi Pordanjani S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Pourhoseingholi MA. Global long-term trends and spatial cluster analysis of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality over a 30-year period using the global burden of disease study 2019 data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288755. [PMID: 37471411 PMCID: PMC10358895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal malignancies, and its incidence and mortality rates are growing annually throughout the world. In this research, we aimed to investigate the time trends and identify the spatial clusters of incidence and mortality on a global scale over the last 30 years, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 data. METHODS Age-standardized incidence and mortality data due to PC were extracted from the GBD study, which was carried out from 1990 to 2019. A Joinpoint regression analysis was utilized to examine trends in the incidence and mortality of PC over the past three decades. As such, spatial analyses were undertaken to detect the spatial distribution and clustering of the metrics globally. RESULTS It was observed that both the incidence and mortality rates were higher in males than in females worldwide. The global mortality and incidence rates significantly increased by 0.8% per year over the time of follow-up period (p<0.05). By spatial cluster analysis for mortality, European and North African countries, as well as Greenland were explored as hot spots; while South African and Southeast Asian countries were explored as cold spots. Regarding incidence, hot spots were found in European countries, Southern America, and Greenland; whilst cold spots were determined in Southern Africa and Madagascar. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the temporal trends disclosed a gradual rise in PC incidence and mortality rates over the period 1990-2019, reflecting the global health concern. We further found geographical variations in the patterns and identified high- and low-risk areas for incidence and mortality. These findings facilitate the design and implementation of more resource-efficient and geographically targeted treatments. Given the results of the current study, a practical approach to minimizing the future PC burden involves planned population-wide interventions, as well as primary prevention through healthier lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Amini
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Ke TM, Lophatananon A, Muir KR. Risk Factors Associated with Pancreatic Cancer in the UK Biobank Cohort. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14204991. [PMID: 36291775 PMCID: PMC9599736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on pancreatic cancer (PaCa) risk factors from large population-based cohort studies is limited. This study investigated the PaCa risk factors and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of modifiable risk factors in the UK Biobank cohort. The UK Biobank is a prospective cohort consisting of 502,413 participants with a mean follow-up time of 8.2 years. A binomial generalized linear regression model was used to calculate relative risks for PaCa risk factors. PAF was calculated to estimate the proportional reduction in PaCa if modifiable risk factors were to be eliminated. A total of 728 (0.14%) PaCa incident cases and 412,922 (82.19%) non-PaCa controls were analyzed. The non-modifiable risk factors included age and gender. The modifiable risk factors were cigarette smoking, overweight and obesity, increased waist circumstance, abdominal obesity, Diabetic Mellitus (DM), and pancreatitis history. The PAF suggested that eliminating smoking and obesity can contribute around a 16% reduction in PaCa cases while avoiding abdominal obesity can eliminate PaCa cases by 22%. Preventing pancreatitis and DM could potentially reduce PaCa cases by 1% and 6%, respectively. This study has identified modifiable and non-modifiable PaCa risk factors in the UK population. The PAF of modifiable risk factors can be applied to inform PaCa prevention programs.
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Liu S, Lu Z, Liu C, Chang X, Apudureheman B, Chen S, Ye X. Castanea mollissima shell polyphenols regulate JAK2 and PPARγ expression to suppress inflammation and lipid accumulation by inhibiting M1 macrophages polarization. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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7
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Verdú E, Homs J, Boadas-Vaello P. Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413333. [PMID: 34948944 PMCID: PMC8705491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
| | - Judit Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES-University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
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Fujisawa M, Matsushima M, Carreras J, Hirabayashi K, Y Kikuti Y, Ueda T, Kaneko M, Fujimoto R, Sano M, Teramura E, Monma M, Nakae H, Suzuki T, Suzuki H, Nakamura N. Whole-genome copy number and immunohistochemical analyses on surgically resected intracholecystic papillary neoplasms. Pathol Int 2021; 71:823-830. [PMID: 34643317 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracholecystic papillary neoplasms are newly defined precancerous lesions. According to Classification of the World Health Organization, they have four histological morphologies, which are biliary, gastric, intestinal, and oncocytic. This study evaluated 17 patients with resected intracholecystic papillary neoplasms in terms of histological, immunohistochemical, and copy number variation (CNV). The histological subtypes included 5 cases of low-grade (5 gastric) and 12 cases of high-grade (6 gastric and 6 biliary) neoplasms. Most cases showed high expression of MUC1, MUC5AC, and CK7, moderate expression of MUC6 and Ki-67, and low expression of CK20, MUC2, and CDX2. The CNV profile identified gain of 7q in 12%, and loss of 1p (18%), 5q (29%), 9p (35%), 12p (17%), 17p (24%), and 19p (18%). No CNVs were observed in low-grade neoplasms, whereas high-grade ones had increasing abnormalities. β-catenin was often expressed in the nucleus of neoplasms with gastric morphology, suggesting the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, it was not expressed among those with biliary morphology, which instead exhibited high p53 expression. Neoplasms with biliary morphology showed more CNV changes (9p, 17p, 19p losses). Distinct immunological and CNV patterns were seen in both morphologies, suggesting differences in their pathogenesis. More CNVs accumulated with tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Fujisawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Matsushima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yara Y Kikuti
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Kaneko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Fujimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Sano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Erika Teramura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Monma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Nakae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Teufel A, Quante M, Kandulski A, Hirth M, Zhan T, Eckardt M, Thieme R, Kusnik A, Yesmembetov K, Wiest I, Riemann JF, Schlitt HJ, Gockel I, Malfertheiner P, Ebert MP. [Prevention of gastrointestinal cancer]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2021; 59:964-982. [PMID: 34507375 DOI: 10.1055/a-1540-7539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the past decades, considerable progress has been made in the (early) diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. However, the prognosis for advanced stages of gastrointestinal tumors remains limited for many patients and approximately one third of all tumor patients die as a result of gastrointestinal tumors. The prevention and early detection of gastrointestinal tumors is therefore of great importance.For this reason, we summarize the current state of knowledge and recommendations for the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of esophageal, stomach, pancreas, liver and colorectal cancer in the following.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Teufel
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Sektion Hepatologie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim.,Klinische Kooperationseinheit Healthy Metabolism, Zentrum für Präventivmedizin und Digitale Gesundheit Baden-Württemberg, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Michael Quante
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau
| | - Arne Kandulski
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Michael Hirth
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - Tianzuo Zhan
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - Maximilian Eckardt
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - René Thieme
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Department für Operative Medizin (DOPM), Universitatsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Alexander Kusnik
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - Kakharman Yesmembetov
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Stoffwechselerkrankungen und Internistische Intensivmedizin (Med. III), RWTH Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen
| | - Isabella Wiest
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | | | - Hans Jürgen Schlitt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Universitatsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Ines Gockel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Department für Operative Medizin (DOPM), Universitatsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Medizinische Fakultät Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - Matthias Philip Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim.,Klinische Kooperationseinheit Healthy Metabolism, Zentrum für Präventivmedizin und Digitale Gesundheit Baden-Württemberg, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
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Guimarães AGC, Lopes LES, Capelassi AN, Araújo ACF, Balbo SL, Blanc HNH, Freitas IN, Silva JN, Ribeiro RA, Bonfleur ML. Morphological alterations in gastrointestinal organs of western-diet obese rats submitted to vertical sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20200884. [PMID: 34495204 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120200884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the effect of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on the esophageal and intestinal morphology of western diet (WD)-obese rats and to characterize the stomach histopathology of WD rats submitted to VSG. Male Wistar rats received WD from 2-4 months of age, to induce obesity, before randomly submitting them to pseudo (WD-SHAM), VSG (WD-VSG) or RYGB (WD-RYGB) surgeries. Gastrointestinal histomorphometry was performed at 3-months post-surgery. The upper esophagus of VSG and RYGB rats increased luminal area, while reductions in the keratin layer of the mucosa and the tunica muscularis were observed only in the RYGB animals. In the lower esophagus, both surgeries increased keratin layer thickness, but reduced the mucosal mucus content, while RYGB increased the thickness of the tunica mucosa and muscularis. The glandular region of the stomach of WD-VSG rats exhibited hypotrophy, epithelial erosion, fibrosis and moderate inflammatory infiltration. VSG and RYGB increased the villi height in the ileum, and the thickness of the tunica muscularis in the jejunum and ileum of WD rats; furthermore, RYGB augmented the ileal villi height. Thus both approaches induced histomorphological alterations in the esophagus and intestine and VSG damaged the gastric mucosa, even over the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana G C Guimarães
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Divisão de Pesquisa Integrada em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências (DPBio), Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Rua Aluízio da Silva Gomes, 50, Granja dos Cavaleiros, 27933-378 Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana E S Lopes
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo (LAFEM), Rua Universitária, 1069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Angélica N Capelassi
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo (LAFEM), Rua Universitária, 1069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Allan C F Araújo
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo (LAFEM), Rua Universitária, 1069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Balbo
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo (LAFEM), Rua Universitária, 1069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Helene N H Blanc
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Divisão de Pesquisa Integrada em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências (DPBio), Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Rua Aluízio da Silva Gomes, 50, Granja dos Cavaleiros, 27933-378 Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Israelle N Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Divisão de Pesquisa Integrada em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências (DPBio), Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Rua Aluízio da Silva Gomes, 50, Granja dos Cavaleiros, 27933-378 Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana N Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Divisão de Pesquisa Integrada em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências (DPBio), Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Rua Aluízio da Silva Gomes, 50, Granja dos Cavaleiros, 27933-378 Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosane A Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (SEBISA), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Campos Uvaranas, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84010-330 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Bonfleur
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo (LAFEM), Rua Universitária, 1069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
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11
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Fliss-Isakov N, Zelber-Sagi S, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, Shibolet O, Kariv R. Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Smoking Interact in Relation with Colorectal Adenomas. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113507. [PMID: 33202603 PMCID: PMC7698317 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking and ultra-processed foods (UPFs), a substantial part of the western diet, have been suggested to have a potential carcinogenic effect, though epidemiologic data are lacking. We aimed to examine the association between high UPF intake and colorectal adenomas, and to test the interaction with smoking. In a case-control study among consecutive subjects undergoing colonoscopy in a tertiary center during 2010–2015, UPF intake and smoking were compared between cases with colorectal adenomas and controls. Within 652 participants (cases, n = 294 and controls, n = 358), high UPF intake (defined as percent of kcal from UPF above the study sample upper tertile) was positively associated with adenomas (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.14–2.68), advanced and proximal adenomas (OR = 2.17, 1.29–3.65 and OR = 2.38, 1.37–4.11) among the whole study sample; and with adenomas (OR = 3.54, 1.90–6.61), non-advanced adenomas (OR = 2.60, 1.20–5.63), advanced adenomas (OR = 4.76, 2.20–10.30), proximal adenomas (OR = 6.23, 2.67–14.52), and distal adenomas (OR = 2.49, 1.21–5.13) among smokers. Additionally, a dose-dependent association was observed between tertiles of UPF intake and adenomas only among smokers (p for trend < 0.001). A significant interaction between smoking and high UPF intake was detected (p for interaction = 0.004). High intake of UPFs is strongly and independently associated with colorectal adenomas, especially advanced and proximal adenoma, and interacts with smoking. Results highlight smokers as more susceptible to the negative health effects of UPF consumption on colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Fliss-Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (S.Z.-S.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +97-(23)-6947305
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (S.Z.-S.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | | | - Oren Shibolet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (S.Z.-S.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Revital Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (S.Z.-S.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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12
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Lu Y, Liu H, Yang XY, Liu JX, Dai MY, Wu JC, Guo YX, Luo TC, Sun FF, Pan W. Microarray Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Reveals Enhanced Lipolysis Along With Metabolic Remodeling in Mice Infected With Larval Echinococcus granulosus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1078. [PMID: 32973568 PMCID: PMC7472464 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infection improves metabolic homeostasis in “western diet”-induced obesity through the regulation of adipogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. Using microarray analysis, this study investigated the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissues from mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. A total of 1052 mRNA (541 upregulated, 511 downregulated) and 220 lncRNA (126 upregulated, 94 downregulated) transcripts were differentially expressed (fold change ≥2, P < 0.05) in the infected subcutaneous adipose tissues. When compared with the control group, the infected mice showed a decrease in adipose tissue mass and a reduction in adipocyte size. Indirect calorimetry revealed the change in the energy metabolism after infection, characterized by a lower CO2 production and O2 consumption, a sharp decline in carbohydrate oxidation, and a slight increase in fat oxidation. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed that the parasitic infection reprogrammed a complex metabolic network. Notably, “lipoxygenase” and “arginine and proline metabolism” pathways were significantly upregulated while “glycolysis,” “tricarboxylic acid cycle,” “de novo lipogenesis,” and “lipid droplet” pathways were dramatically downregulated. In addition, several key lncRNAs were associated with insulin resistance and adipocyte differentiation. Overall, the present study suggested that E. granulosus infection could enhance lipolysis. Thus, our findings provide novel insights into parasite-mediated metabolic homeostasis, and into the mechanism of hypertrophic adipocytes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yu Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fen-Fen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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13
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Vieira J, Amorim J, Martí-Bonmatí L, Alberich-Bayarri Á, França M. Quantifying steatosis in the liver and pancreas with MRI in patient with chronic liver disease. RADIOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Potential role of adipose tissue and its hormones in burns and critically III patients. Burns 2020; 46:259-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the search for dietary factors on which to base cancer prevention guidelines has led to the rapid expansion of the field of dietary patterns and cancer. Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported epidemiological associations between specific cancer types and both data-driven dietary patterns determined by empirical analyses and investigator-defined dietary indexes based on a predetermined set of dietary components. New developments, such as the use of metabolomics to identify objective biomarkers of dietary patterns and novel statistical techniques, could provide further insights into the links between diet and cancer risk. Although animal models of dietary patterns are limited, progress in this area could identify the potential mechanisms underlying the disease-specific associations observed in epidemiological studies. In this Review, we summarize the current state of the field, provide a critical appraisal of new developments and identify priority areas for future research. An underlying theme that emerges is that the effectiveness of different dietary pattern recommendations in reducing risk could depend on the type of cancer or on other risk factors such as family history, sex, age and other lifestyle factors or comorbidities as well as on metabolomic signatures or gut microbiota profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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16
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Vieira J, Amorim J, Martí-Bonmatí L, Alberich-Bayarri Á, França M. Quantifying steatosis in the liver and pancreas with MRI in patient with chronic liver disease. RADIOLOGIA 2020; 62:222-228. [PMID: 31932016 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare pancreatic and hepatic steatosis quantified by proton density fat fraction (PDFF) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic liver disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 46 adult patients who underwent liver biopsy for chronic viral hepatitis (n=19) or other chronic non-alcoholic liver diseases (NALD) (n=27). Liver biopsy was used as the gold standard for diagnosing and grading hepatic steatosis. All patients underwent clinical evaluation and MRI with a multi-echo chemical shift-encoded (MECSE) gradient-echo sequence for liver and pancreas PDFF quantification. We used Spearman's correlation coefficient to determine the degree of association between hepatic PDFF and steatosis grade, and between pancreatic PDFF and steatosis grade and hepatic PDFF. To compare the chronic viral hepatitis group and the NALD group, we used t-tests for continuous or ordinal variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. RESULTS Hepatic PDFF measurements correlated with steatosis grades (RS=0.875, p<0.001). Pancreatic PDFF correlated with hepatic steatosis grades (RS=0.573, p<0.001) and hepatic PDFF measurements (RS=0.536, p<0.001). In the subgroup of patients with chronic NALD, the correlations remained significant between pancreatic PDFF and hepatic PDFF (RS=0.632, p<0.001) and between pancreatic PDFF and liver steatosis (RS=0.608, p<0.001); however, in the subgroup of patients with viral hepatitis these correlations were no longer significant. CONCLUSION Pancreatic fat deposition correlates with hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic NALD, but not in those with chronic viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidad de Oporto, Oporto, Portugal.
| | - J Amorim
- Departamento de Diagnóstico por la Imagen, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Oporto, Portugal; Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias de la Vida y la Salud, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - L Martí-Bonmatí
- Departamento de Radiología y Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Imagen GIBI2(30). Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Á Alberich-Bayarri
- Departamento de Radiología y Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Imagen GIBI2(30). Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España; Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers in Medicine (QUIBIM), Valencia, España
| | - M França
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidad de Oporto, Oporto, Portugal; Departamento de Diagnóstico por la Imagen, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Oporto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigacão e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Oporto, Portugal
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17
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Goodus MT, McTigue DM. Hepatic dysfunction after spinal cord injury: A vicious cycle of central and peripheral pathology? Exp Neurol 2019; 325:113160. [PMID: 31863731 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is essential for numerous physiological processes, including filtering blood from the intestines, metabolizing fats, proteins, carbohydrates and drugs, and regulating iron storage and release. The liver is also an important immune organ and plays a critical role in response to infection and injury throughout the body. Liver functions are regulated by autonomic parasympathetic innervation from the brainstem and sympathetic innervation from the thoracic spinal cord. Thus, spinal cord injury (SCI) at or above thoracic levels disrupts major regulatory mechanisms for hepatic functions. Work in rodents and humans shows that SCI induces liver pathology, including hepatic inflammation and fat accumulation characteristic of a serious form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This hepatic pathology is associated with and likely contributes to indices of metabolic dysfunction often noted in SCI individuals, such as insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. These occur at greater rates in the SCI population and can negatively impact health and quality of life. In this review, we will: 1) Discuss acute and chronic changes in human and rodent liver pathology and function after SCI; 2) Describe how these hepatic changes affect systemic inflammation, iron regulation and metabolic dysfunction after SCI; 3) Describe how disruption of the hepatic autonomic nervous system may be a key culprit in post-injury chronic liver pathology; and 4) Preview ongoing and future research that aims to elucidate mechanisms driving liver and metabolic dysfunction after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Goodus
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Dana M McTigue
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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18
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A diet high in sugar-sweetened beverage and low in fruits and vegetables is associated with adiposity and a pro-inflammatory adipokine profile. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1230-1239. [PMID: 30375290 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet, obesity and adipokines play important roles in diabetes and CVD; yet, limited studies have assessed the relationship between diet and multiple adipokines. This cross-sectional study assessed associations between diet, adiposity and adipokines in Mexican Americans. The cohort included 1128 participants (age 34·7±8·2 years, BMI 29·5±5·9 kg/m2, 73·2 % female). Dietary intake was assessed by 12-month food frequency questionnaire. Adiposity was measured by BMI, total percentage body fat and percentage trunk fat using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Adiponectin, apelin, C-reactive protein (CRP), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV), IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-18, leptin, lipocalin, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), resistin, secreted frizzled protein 4 (SFRP-4), SFRP-5, TNF-α and visfatin were assayed with multiplex kits or ELISA. Joint multivariate associations between diet, adiposity and adipokines were analysed using canonical correlations adjusted for age, sex, energy intake and kinship. The median (interquartile range) energy intake was 9514 (7314, 11912) kJ/d. Overall, 55 % of total intake was accounted for by carbohydrates (24 % from sugar). A total of 66 % of the shared variation between diet and adiposity, and 34 % of diet and adipokines were explained by the top canonical correlation. The diet component was most represented by sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), fruit and vegetables. Participants consuming a diet high in SSB and low in fruits and vegetables had higher adiposity, CRP, leptin, and MCP-1, but lower SFRP-5 than participants with high fruit and vegetable and low SSB intake. In Mexican Americans, diets high in SSB but low in fruits and vegetables contribute to adiposity and a pro-inflammatory adipokine profile.
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19
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Abstract
Wearable sensors are already impacting healthcare and medicine by enabling health monitoring outside of the clinic and prediction of health events. This paper reviews current and prospective wearable technologies and their progress toward clinical application. We describe technologies underlying common, commercially available wearable sensors and early-stage devices and outline research, when available, to support the use of these devices in healthcare. We cover applications in the following health areas: metabolic, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal monitoring; sleep, neurology, movement disorders and mental health; maternal, pre- and neo-natal care; and pulmonary health and environmental exposures. Finally, we discuss challenges associated with the adoption of wearable sensors in the current healthcare ecosystem and discuss areas for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessilyn Dunn
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Mobilize Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Ryan Runge
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Mobilize Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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20
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Grant WB. Obesity and vitamin D status may help explain the racial and ethnic disparities in ampullary cancer survival rates. J Surg Oncol 2018; 117:1342. [PMID: 29484665 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, California
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21
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Goulart A, Varejão A, Nogueira F, Martins S, Mesquita-Rodrigues A, Sousa N, Leão P. The influence of metabolic syndrome in the outcomes of colorectal cancer patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S867-S871. [PMID: 28711516 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Determine the influence of metabolic syndrome and its different components in the outcomes of colorectal cancer surgery at 30days. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective study that included all patients submitted to elective colorectal cancer surgery between August 2015 and August 2016 at Hospital de Braga. Clinical and laboratory parameters evaluated pre-operatively were: central obesity, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides levels and HDL cholesterol levels. Any complications during the first 30-days after surgery were recorded (readmission, reintervention, anastomotic dehiscence, morbimortality). RESULTS One hundred and thirty-four patients were included. Metabolic syndrome was diagnostic in 40.7% of patients with the ATPIII definition, 67.5% with the AHA definition and 67.0% with the IDF definition. At 30days after colorectal cancer surgery, 73.1% patients don't have any complication, 15.7% have minor complications (grade I/II of Clavien-Dindo classification), 11.1% have major complications (grade III/IV/V of Clavien-Dindo classification) and 1.5% have died from surgical complications (grade V of Clavien-Dindo classification). The statistic analysis didn't reveal any association between MS, or it's different components, and surgical outcomes. CONCLUSION This study seems to indicate that metabolic syndrome don't have any influence in surgical outcomes of colorectal cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Goulart
- General Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ana Varejão
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Sandra Martins
- General Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leão
- General Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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22
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Serum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase ratio is one of the best markers of insulin resistance in the Chinese population. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:64. [PMID: 29051770 PMCID: PMC5633891 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ratio is reportedly associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, few studies have explored the relationship between the ALT/AST ratio and IR in the Chinese population. Here, we aimed to explore whether the ALT/AST ratio is associated and, if so, to what extent, with IR in the Chinese population as categorized by waist circumference (WC). Methods Our data were obtained from the SPECT-China study, a cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of metabolic diseases and risk factors in East China from 2014 to 2015. A total of 8398 participants aged 52.16 ± 13.16 (mean ± standard deviation) years were included in this study. Anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters and clinical characteristics were measured. IR was defined as the top quartile of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR > 1.6), and central obesity was defined as a WC ≥90 cm in males or ≥80 cm in females. Linear regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted. Results The ALT/AST ratio was significantly correlated and associated with HOMA-IR in both non-centrally obese (r = 0.284, B = 0.509, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.459–0.559, P < 0.001) and centrally obese subjects (r = 0.372, B = 0.607, 95%CI: 0.532–0.683, P < 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. The ALT/AST ratio was one of the best markers of IR, with areas under the curve (AUC) values of 0.66 (0.64–0.68) in non-centrally and 0.68 (0.66–0.70) in centrally obese subjects. In the prediction model for IR, the AUCs were significantly augmented after adding the ALT/AST ratio in both non-centrally obese [AUC 95%CI 0.69(0.67–0.71) vs 0.72(0.70–0.74), P<0.001] and central obese [AUC 95%CI 0.69(0.67–0.71) vs 0.73(0.72–0.75), P<0.001] subjects. The optimal cut-off points of the ALT/AST ratio for identifying IR were 0.80 in non-centrally obese people and 0.78 in centrally obese people, respectively. Conclusion The ALT/AST ratio may be one of the best markers for IR in the Chinese population. Whether the ALT/AST ratio should be regarded as an additional metabolic syndrome component in the Chinese population warrants further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-017-0219-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Riverso M, Perbtani YB, Shuster JJD, Chakraborty J, Brar TS, Agarwal M, Zhang H, Gupte A, Chauhan SS, Forsmark CE, Draganov PV, Yang D. Carbon dioxide insufflation is associated with increased serrated polyp detection rate when compared to room air insufflation during screening colonoscopy. Endosc Int Open 2017; 5:E905-E912. [PMID: 28924598 PMCID: PMC5597937 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-116382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA) have been increasingly recognized as precursors of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of carbon dioxide insufflation (CO 2 I) vs. room air insufflation (AI) on serrated polyp detection rate (SPDR) and to identify factors associated with SPDR. PATIENTS AND METHODS Single-center retrospective cohort study of 2083 screening colonoscopies performed with AI (November 2011 through January 2013) or CO 2 I (February 2013 to June 2015). Data on demographics, procedure characteristics and histology results were obtained from a prospectively maintained endoscopy database and chart review. SPDR was defined as proportion of colonoscopies in which ≥ 1 SSA, TSA or hyperplastic polyp (HP) ≥ 10 mm in the right colon was detected. Multi-variate analysis (MVA) was performed to identify predictors of SPDR. RESULTS A total of 131 histologically confirmed serrated polyps (129 SSA, 2 TSA and 0 HP ≥ 10 mm) were detected. SPDR was higher with CO 2 I vs. AI (4.8 % vs. 1.4 %; P < 0.0001). On MVA, CO 2 I was associated with higher SPDR when compared to AI (OR: 9.52; 95 % CI: 3.05 - 30.3). Both higher body mass index (OR 1.05; 95 % CI:1.02 - 1.09) and longer colonoscope withdrawal time (OR 1.11; 95 % CI: 1.07 - 1.16) were also associated with higher SPDR. CONCLUSION CO 2 I is associated with higher SPDR when compared to AI during screening colonoscopy. While the mechanism remains unknown, we speculate that the favorable gas characteristics of CO 2 compared to room air results in improved polyp detection by optimizing bowel insufflation. These findings suggest an additional reason to prefer the use of CO 2 I over AI during colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riverso
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Yaseen B. Perbtani
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Jonathan J. D. Shuster
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Joydeep Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Tony S. Brar
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Mitali Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Anand Gupte
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Shailendra S. Chauhan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | | | - Peter V. Draganov
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Dennis Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States,Corresponding author Dennis Yang, MD Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Florida1329 SW 16th Street, Suite 5251Gainesville, FL 32608+1-352-627-9002
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24
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Divella R, Daniele A, Mazzocca A, Abbate I, Casamassima P, Caliandro C, Ruggeri E, Naglieri E, Sabbà C, De Luca R. ADIPOQ rs266729 G/C gene polymorphism and plasmatic adipocytokines connect metabolic syndrome to colorectal cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:1000-1008. [PMID: 28529612 PMCID: PMC5436252 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: ADIPOQ gene, which encode for Adiponectin (APN), is sited on chromosome 3q27 and linked to a susceptibility locus for metabolic syndrome (MetS). The ADIPOQ rs266729 G/C gene polymorphism is significantly associated with low APN levels and linked to susceptibility to develop cancer. In addition, decreased APN serum levels are linked with tumor development and progression and inversely associated with markers of inflammation. Here, we investigate the influence of APN rs266729 G/C polymorphism on adipocytokine circulating levels and their association with MetS in colorectal cancer patients (CRC). Methods: Blood samples from 105 CRC patients (50 women and 55 men) with and without MetS were genotyped for APN rs266729 G/C polymorphism by TETRA ARMS PCR. ELISA assay was used to measure plasma levels of APN and inflammatory TNF-α cytokine. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters of MetS were also analyzed. Results: We found that CRC patients (N=75) with genotype rs266729G/C or carriers of G allele were associated with a significantly increased risk of MetS development (OR =2.9) compared to those with CC genotype (N=30). Also, CG/GG genotypes were associated with significantly lower plasma APN levels and higher TNF-α levels in comparison to CC genotype (P=0.034) and APN levels were decreased in relation to BMI increases (P=0.001). Conclusions: Our findings show that APN rs266729 G/C polymorphism is associated with lower APN levels in CRC patients, indicating that decreased circulating levels of APN may be a determinant risk factor for CRC in MetS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Divella
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimantal Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimantal Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ines Abbate
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimantal Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Porzia Casamassima
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimantal Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Caliandro
- Department of Surgery Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Eustachio Ruggeri
- Department of Surgery Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Naglieri
- Unit of Medical Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Luca
- Department of Surgery Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
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25
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Kaakoush NO, Lecomte V, Maloney CA, Morris MJ. Cross-talk among metabolic parameters, esophageal microbiota, and host gene expression following chronic exposure to an obesogenic diet. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45753. [PMID: 28362001 PMCID: PMC5374643 DOI: 10.1038/srep45753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diets, and ensuing weight gain, predispose individuals to the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. We examined the effect of chronic high fat diet (HFD) on the esophageal microbiota of Sprague Dawley rats using Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing (V4, 515 F/806 R) and on esophageal expression of IL18, PTGS2, PPARA, FFAR3, and CRAT. The relationships among metabolic parameters, esophageal microbiota, and host gene expression were determined. We observed a significant difference between the upper and lower esophageal microbiota in control fed rats, emphasized by enrichment of Lactobacillus species in the lower esophagus. Rats on HFD gained significantly more fat and had reduced insulin sensitivity. Diet type significantly affected the esophageal microbiota, with Clostridium sensu stricto being enriched in both upper and lower segments of HFD fed rats. Of interest, bacterial pathways related to carotenoid biosynthesis were significantly decreased in the lower esophagus of HFD fed rats. We observed strong correlations between metabolic parameters, the esophageal microbial profiles, and host esophageal gene expression. In particular, Fusobacterium, Rothia, and Granulicatella showed consistent correlations across a range of metabolic and gene markers. Our data indicates that unhealthy diets can significantly alter the esophageal microbiota, and enrich for bacterial species previously associated with chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Virginie Lecomte
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
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26
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Gomez-Perez SL, Chaudhry V, Mar W, Patel B, Fantuzzi G, Freels S, Braunschweig CA. Impact of Abdominal Adipose Depots and Race on Risk for Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:573-579. [PMID: 28323443 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1296964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) but not subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is associated with obesity-related diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). Superficial SAT (SSAT) and deep SAT (DSAT), components of SAT, also appear to independently influence disease risk. These abdominal adipose tissues (AATs) are not extensively studied in connection with CRC and have not been explored in the United States despite known racial variations in body composition. We conducted a case-control study that compared associations between AAT with CRC risk and race of African-American (AA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) men with incident CRC matched by age, body mass index, and race (N = 158, 79/group). Cross-sectional computed tomography images were used for assessment of AAT. Overall cases and controls had similar VAT areas (140 ± 192 vs 149 ± 152 cm2, P-value = 0.93); however, cases had lower SSAT than controls (88 ± 39 vs 112 ± 65 cm2, P < 0.01). Among controls, AA had significantly lower VAT (114 ± 168 vs 180 ± 167, P < 0.01) than NHW. Conditional logistic regression revealed that AA men with greater SSAT had lower odds for CRC (odds ratio [OR]: 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07-0.85). Our findings indicate that VAT does vary between cases and controls by race; however, this variation is not a risk factor for CRC. The negative association between CRC and SSAT in AA men warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Gomez-Perez
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Vivek Chaudhry
- b Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery , John H. Stroger Hospital , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Winnie Mar
- c Department of Radiology , University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Bimal Patel
- d Department of Radiology , John H. Stroger Hospital , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Giamila Fantuzzi
- e Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Sally Freels
- f Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Carol A Braunschweig
- g Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA
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27
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Permuth JB, Choi JW, Chen DT, Jiang K, DeNicola G, Li JN, Coppola D, Centeno BA, Magliocco A, Balagurunathan Y, Merchant N, Trevino JG, Jeong D. A pilot study of radiologic measures of abdominal adiposity: weighty contributors to early pancreatic carcinogenesis worth evaluating? Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:66-73. [PMID: 28443205 PMCID: PMC5365183 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Intra-abdominal fat is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer (PC), but little is known about its contribution to PC precursors known as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). Our goal was to evaluate quantitative radiologic measures of abdominal/visceral obesity as possible diagnostic markers of IPMN severity/pathology. Methods: In a cohort of 34 surgically-resected, pathologically-confirmed IPMNs (17 benign; 17 malignant) with preoperative abdominal computed tomography (CT) images, we calculated body mass index (BMI) and four radiologic measures of obesity: total abdominal fat (TAF) area, visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio (V/S). Measures were compared between groups using Wilcoxon two-sample exact tests and other metrics. Results: Mean BMI for individuals with malignant IPMNs (28.9 kg/m2) was higher than mean BMI for those with benign IPMNs (25.8 kg/m2) (P=0.045). Mean VFA was higher for patients with malignant IPMNs (199.3 cm2) compared to benign IPMNs (120.4 cm2),P=0.092. V/S was significantly higher (P=0.013) for patients with malignant versus benign IPMNs (1.25vs. 0.69 cm2), especially among females. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of V/S in predicting malignant IPMN pathology were 74%, 71%, 76%, 75%, and 72%, respectively.
Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest measures of visceral fat from routine medical images may help predict IPMN pathology, acting as potential noninvasive diagnostic adjuncts for management and targets for intervention that may be more biologically-relevant than BMI. Further investigation of gender-specific associations in larger, prospective IPMN cohorts is warranted to validate and expand upon these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung W Choi
- Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology
| | | | | | - Gina DeNicola
- Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoganand Balagurunathan
- Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
| | - Nipun Merchant
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami 33136, FL, USA
| | - Jose G Trevino
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Florida Health Sciences Center, Gainesville 32611, FL, USA
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28
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Fang BJ, Shen JY, Zhang H, Zhou S, Lyu CZ, Xie YQ. Albiflorin Granule significantly decreased the cholesterol gallstone formation by the regulation of insulin transduction signal. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:877-881. [PMID: 27633302 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism of insulin resistance in the cholesterol gallstone formation from insulin signal transduction pathway so as to reveal the possible mechanism and the effective role of Albiflorin Granule on preventing the cholesterol gallstones. METHODS Serum triglycerides (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), and total cholesterol (TC) from different groups were measured and liver cells InsR, PKB, IKK-β protein expression levels were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Albiflorin significantly decreased the cholesterol gallstone formation rate, increased glucose infusion rate in gallstone guinea pigs and improved insulin resistance. Compared with the normal group, insulin receptor and PKB protein expression in GS group were significantly reduced. IKK-β protein in the GS group increased significantly and Albiflorin could reduce IKK-β protein expression in guinea pig liver cells. CONCLUSIONS The model of insulin resistance in cholesterol gallstone guinea pig was successfully established, which plays an important role in the cholesterol gallstone formation. All aspects of insulin signaling pathway are involved in gallstone formation. Albiflorin can regulate various aspects of insulin signal transduction pathway to prevent the formation of gallbladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Jiang Fang
- Emergency Department, Long Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun-Yi Shen
- Emergency Department, Long Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Traumatology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chuan-Zhu Lyu
- Traumatology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Yi-Qiang Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
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29
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Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for pancreatic cancer: A review. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:269-77. [PMID: 27461582 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis and a high case-fatality rate. The reasons for poor prognosis are low rates of curative resection due to local infiltration and distant metastasis. To increase survival rates of patients with pancreatic cancer, early detection through surveillance and screening is important. However, screening could only be cost-effective in high-risk populations. Identification of significant risk factors therefore assumes significance. Risk factors could be non-modifiable or modifiable. Non-modifiable risk factors include increasing age, familial cancer syndromes, Afro-American race, hereditary and other forms of chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, and non-O blood group. Important modifiable risk factors include smoking, obesity, dietary factors such as non-vegetarian diet, and toxins. Preventive strategies at the population level and an effective screening program targeted at high-risk people may help in prevention and early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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30
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Kim JY. Impact of Visceral Fat Area in Colorectal Surgery. Ann Coloproctol 2016; 32:3-4. [PMID: 26962528 PMCID: PMC4783509 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2016.32.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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