1
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Shaked I, Foo C, Mächler P, Liu R, Cui Y, Ji X, Broggini T, Kaminski T, Suryakant Jadhav S, Sundd P, Firer M, Devor A, Friedman B, Kleinfeld D. A lone spike in blood glucose can enhance the thrombo-inflammatory response in cortical venules. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:252-271. [PMID: 37737093 PMCID: PMC10993879 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
How transient hyperglycemia contributes to cerebro-vascular disease has been a challenge to study under controlled physiological conditions. We use amplified, ultrashort laser-pulses to physically disrupt brain-venule endothelium at targeted locations. This vessel disruption is performed in conjunction with transient hyperglycemia from a single injection of metabolically active D-glucose into healthy mice. The observed real-time responses to laser-induced disruption include rapid serum extravasation, platelet aggregation, and neutrophil recruitment. Thrombo-inflammation is pharmacologically ameliorated by a platelet inhibitor, by a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, and by a nitric oxide donor. As a control, vessel thrombo-inflammation is significantly reduced in mice injected with metabolically inert L-glucose. Venules in mice with diabetes show a similar response to laser-induced disruption and damage is reduced by restoration of normo-glycemia. Our approach provides a controlled method to probe synergies between transient metabolic and physical vascular perturbations and can reveal new aspects of brain pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftach Shaked
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Adelson Medical School, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Conrad Foo
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philipp Mächler
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Broggini
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tomasz Kaminski
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Prithu Sundd
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Firer
- The Adelson Medical School, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Anna Devor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Friedman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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2
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Chou ML, Babamale AO, Walker TL, Cognasse F, Blum D, Burnouf T. Blood-brain crosstalk: the roles of neutrophils, platelets, and neutrophil extracellular traps in neuropathologies. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:764-779. [PMID: 37500363 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and coagulopathy often occur concurrently in neuropathologies. Neutrophils and platelets have crucial synergistic roles in thromboinflammation and are increasingly suspected as effector cells contributing to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the roles of platelet-neutrophil interactions in triggering complex pathophysiological events affecting the brain that may lead to the disruption of brain barriers, infiltration of toxic factors into the parenchyma, and amplification of neuroinflammation through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We highlight the clinical significance of thromboinflammation in neurological disorders and examine the contributions of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) derived from platelets and neutrophils. These DAMPs originate from both infectious and non-infectious risk factors and contribute to the activation of inflammasomes during brain disorders. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps in the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis and emphasize the potential of interventions targeting platelets and neutrophils to treat neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; INSERM UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris 75012, France
| | - Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11266, Taiwan; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
| | - Tara L Walker
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; University Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, LiCEND, Lille F-59000, France; NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10031, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
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3
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Yao M, Ma J, Wu D, Fang C, Wang Z, Guo T, Mo J. Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate deep vein thrombosis: from mechanism to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198952. [PMID: 37680629 PMCID: PMC10482110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a part of venous thromboembolism (VTE) that clinically manifests as swelling and pain in the lower limbs. The most serious clinical complication of DVT is pulmonary embolism (PE), which has a high mortality rate. To date, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and patients usually present with clinical symptoms only after the formation of the thrombus. Thus, it is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms of deep vein thrombosis for an early diagnosis and treatment of DVT. In recent years, many studies have concluded that Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are closely associated with DVT. These are released by neutrophils and, in addition to trapping pathogens, can mediate the formation of deep vein thrombi, thereby blocking blood vessels and leading to the development of disease. Therefore, this paper describes the occurrence and development of NETs and discusses the mechanism of action of NETs on deep vein thrombosis. It aims to provide a direction for improved diagnosis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Yao
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongwen Wu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chucun Fang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianting Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianwen Mo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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4
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Banka AL, Guevara MV, Brannon ER, Nguyen NQ, Song S, Cady G, Pinsky DJ, Uhrich KE, Adili R, Holinstat M, Eniola-Adefeso O. Cargo-free particles divert neutrophil-platelet aggregates to reduce thromboinflammation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2462. [PMID: 37117163 PMCID: PMC10144907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of inflammation and thrombosis is a hallmark of many cardiovascular diseases. Under such conditions, platelets are recruited to an area of inflammation by forming platelet-leukocyte aggregates via interaction of PSGL-1 on leukocytes and P-selectin on activated platelets, which can bind to the endothelium. While particulate drug carriers have been utilized to passively redirect leukocytes from areas of inflammation, the downstream impact of these carriers on platelet accumulation in thromboinflammatory conditions has yet to be studied. Here, we explore the ability of polymeric particles to divert platelets away from inflamed blood vessels both in vitro and in vivo. We find that untargeted and targeted micron-sized polymeric particles can successfully reduce platelet adhesion to an inflamed endothelial monolayer in vitro in blood flow systems and in vivo in a lipopolysaccharide-induced, systemic inflammation murine model. Our data represent initial work in developing cargo-free, anti-platelet therapeutics specifically for conditions of thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Banka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - M Valentina Guevara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Emma R Brannon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nhien Q Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Gillian Cady
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Samuel and Jean Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David J Pinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Samuel and Jean Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Samuel and Jean Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Omolola Eniola-Adefeso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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5
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Stoll G, Schuhmann MK, Nieswandt B, Kollikowski AM, Pham M. An intravascular perspective on hyper-acute neutrophil, T-cell and platelet responses: Similarities between human and experimental stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1561-1567. [PMID: 35676801 PMCID: PMC9441733 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In stroke patients, local sampling of pial blood within the occluded vasculature before recanalization by mechanical thrombectomy emerged as powerful tool enabling insights into ultra-early stroke pathophysiology. Thereby, a strong intravascular inflammatory response hallmarked by hyper-acute neutrophil recruitment, altered lymphocyte composition and platelet activation could be observed. These human findings mirror experimental stroke. Here, neutrophil and T-cell activation are driven by platelets involving engagement of platelet glycoprotein receptor (GP)Ib, GPVI and CD84 as well as α-granule release orchestrating infarct progression. Thus, targeting of early intravascular inflammation may evolve as a new therapeutic strategy to augment the effects of recanalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Stoll
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute for Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf-Virchow-Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Mirko Pham
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Blasco Tavares Pereira Lopes F, Schlatzer D, Wang R, Li X, Feng E, Koyutürk M, Qi X, Chance MR. Temporal and Sex-Linked Protein Expression Dynamics in a Familial Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100280. [PMID: 35944844 PMCID: PMC9483563 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) show progression through stages reflective of human pathology. Proteomics identification of temporal and sex-linked factors driving AD-related pathways can be used to dissect initiating and propagating events of AD stages to develop biomarkers or design interventions. In the present study, we conducted label-free proteome measurements of mouse hippocampus tissue with variables of time (3, 6, and 9 months), genetic background (5XFAD versus WT), and sex (equal males and females). These time points are associated with well-defined phenotypes with respect to the following: Aβ42 plaque deposition, memory deficits, and neuronal loss, allowing correlation of proteome-based molecular signatures with the mouse model stages. Our data show 5XFAD mice exhibit increases in known human AD biomarkers as amyloid-beta peptide, APOE, GFAP, and ITM2B are upregulated across all time points/stages. At the same time, 23 proteins are here newly associated with Alzheimer's pathology as they are also dysregulated in 5XFAD mice. At a pathways level, the 5XFAD-specific upregulated proteins are significantly enriched for DNA damage and stress-induced senescence at 3-month only, while at 6-month, the AD-specific proteome signature is altered and significantly enriched for membrane trafficking and vesicle-mediated transport protein annotations. By 9-month, AD-specific dysregulation is also characterized by significant neuroinflammation with innate immune system, platelet activation, and hyper-reactive astrocyte-related enrichments. Aside from these temporal changes, analysis of sex-linked differences in proteome signatures uncovered novel sex and AD-associated proteins. Pathway analysis revealed sex-linked differences in the 5XFAD model to be involved in the regulation of well-known human AD-related processes of amyloid fibril formation, wound healing, lysosome biogenesis, and DNA damage. Verification of the discovery results by Western blot and parallel reaction monitoring confirm the fundamental conclusions of the study and poise the 5XFAD model for further use as a molecular tool for understanding AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Blasco Tavares Pereira Lopes
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniela Schlatzer
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rihua Wang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Feng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mehmet Koyutürk
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Computer and Data Sciences, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark R Chance
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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7
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The multifaceted role of platelets in mediating brain function. Blood 2022; 140:815-827. [PMID: 35609283 PMCID: PMC9412009 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets, the small, anucleate blood cells that originate from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, are typically associated with coagulation. However, it is now apparent that platelets are more multifaceted than originally thought, with their function extending beyond their traditional role in hemostasis to acting as important mediators of brain function. In this review, we outline the broad repertoire of platelet function in the central nervous system, focusing on the similarities between platelets and neurons. We also summarize the role that platelets play in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases, with a particular focus on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Finally, we highlight the exciting prospect of harnessing the unique features of the platelet proteome and extracellular vesicles, which are rich in neurotrophic, antioxidative, and antiinflammatory factors, for the development of novel neuroprotective and neuroregenerative interventions to treat various neurodegenerative and traumatic pathologies.
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8
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Pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy: more than blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10091-10099. [PMID: 35639274 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is a common neurological complication of sepsis and is responsible for higher mortality and poorer long-term outcomes in septic patients. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy symptoms can range from mild delirium to deep coma, which occurs in up to 70% of patients in intensive care units. The pathological changes in the brain associated with sepsis include cerebral ischaemia, cerebral haemorrhage, abscess and progressive multifocal necrotic leukoencephalopathy. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy, such as blood-brain barrier dysfunction, cerebral blood flow impairment, glial cell activation, leukocyte transmigration, and neurotransmitter disturbances. These events are interrelated and influence each other, therefore they do not act as independent factors. This review is focused on new evidence showing the pathological process of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
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9
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Chaudhary PK, Kim S, Kim S. An Insight into Recent Advances on Platelet Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116022. [PMID: 35682700 PMCID: PMC9181192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a variety of roles in vascular biology and are best recognized as primary hemostasis and thrombosis mediators. Platelets have a large number of receptors and secretory molecules that are required for platelet functionality. Upon activation, platelets release multiple substances that have the ability to influence both physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation, tissue regeneration and repair, cancer progression, and spreading. The involvement of platelets in the progression and seriousness of a variety of disorders other than thrombosis is still being discovered, especially in the areas of inflammation and the immunological response. This review represents an integrated summary of recent advances on the function of platelets in pathophysiology that connects hemostasis, inflammation, and immunological response in health and disease and suggests that antiplatelet treatment might be used for more than only thrombosis.
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10
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Kasirer-Friede A, Peuhu E, Ivaska J, Shattil SJ. Platelet SHARPIN regulates platelet adhesion and inflammatory responses through associations with αIIbβ3 and LUBAC. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2595-2607. [PMID: 34991155 PMCID: PMC9043921 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets form hemostatic plugs to prevent blood loss, and they modulate immunity and inflammation in several ways. A key event during hemostasis is activation of integrin αIIbβ3 through direct interactions of the β3 cytoplasmic tail with talin and kindlin-3. Recently, we showed that human platelets express the adapter molecule Shank-associated RH domain interacting protein (SHARPIN), which can associate directly with the αIIb cytoplasmic tail and separately promote NF-κB pathway activation as a member of the Met-1 linear ubiquitination activation complex (LUBAC). Here we investigated the role of SHARPIN in platelets after crossing Sharpin flox/flox (fl/fl) mice with PF4-Cre or GPIbα-Cre mice to selectively delete SHARPIN in platelets. SHARPIN-null platelets adhered to immobilized fibrinogen through αIIbβ3, and they spread more extensively than littermate control platelets in a manner dependent on feedback stimulation by platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (P < .01). SHARPIN-null platelets showed increased colocalization of αIIbβ3 with talin as assessed by super-resolution microscopy and increased binding of soluble fibrinogen in response to submaximal concentrations of ADP (P < .05). However, mice with SHARPIN-null platelets showed compromised thrombus growth on collagen and slightly prolonged tail bleeding times. Platelets lacking SHARPIN also showed reduced NF-κB activation and linear ubiquitination of protein substrates upon challenge with classic platelet agonists. Furthermore, the loss of platelet SHARPIN resulted in significant reduction in inflammation in murine models of colitis and peritonitis (P < .01). Thus, SHARPIN plays differential and context-dependent roles in platelets to regulate important inflammatory and integrin adhesive functions of these anucleate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kasirer-Friede
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN West, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; and
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanford J Shattil
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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11
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Sun Y, Langer HF. Platelets, Thromboinflammation and Neurovascular Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843404. [PMID: 35309326 PMCID: PMC8930842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain and spinal cord are immune-privileged organs, but in the disease state protection mechanisms such as the blood brain barrier (BBB) are ineffective or overcome by pathological processes. In neuroinflammatory diseases, microglia cells and other resident immune cells contribute to local vascular inflammation and potentially a systemic inflammatory response taking place in parallel. Microglia cells interact with other cells impacting on the integrity of the BBB and propagate the inflammatory response through the release of inflammatory signals. Here, we discuss the activation and response mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune processes in response to neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the clinical importance of neuroinflammatory mediators and a potential translational relevance of involved mechanisms are addressed also with focus on non-classical immune cells including microglia cells or platelets. As illustrative examples, novel agents such as Anfibatide or Revacept, which result in reduced recruitment and activation of platelets, a subsequently blunted activation of the coagulation cascade and further inflammatory process, demonstrating that mechanisms of neuroinflammation and thrombosis are interconnected and should be further subject to in depth clinical and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F. Langer
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Harald F. Langer,
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12
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Kaiser R, Escaig R, Erber J, Nicolai L. Neutrophil-Platelet Interactions as Novel Treatment Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:824112. [PMID: 35174225 PMCID: PMC8841491 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.824112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and platelets are among the most abundant cell types in peripheral blood and characterized by high plasticity and a readily available reservoir of surface proteins and secretable granule contents. Receptor-mediated activation and granule release predispose both cell types for rapid responses to various stimuli. While neutrophils provide the first line of defense to microbial infections and platelets are known for their aggregatory functions in hemostasis and thrombosis, research of the past decade has highlighted that both cell types jointly shape local and systemic immune responses and clot formation alike. Concomitant activation of neutrophils and platelets has been observed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including arterial and venous thrombosis, atherosclerosis as well as myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which neutrophils and platelets interact physically, how release of granule contents and soluble molecules by either cell type affects the other and how this mutual activation supports the efficacy of immune responses. We go on to describe how activated platelets contribute to host defense by triggering neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in a process termed immunothrombosis, which in turn promotes local platelet activation and coagulation. Further, we review current evidence of hazardous overactivation of either cell type and their respective role in cardiovascular disease, with a focus on thrombosis, myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury, and describe how neutrophils and platelets shape thromboinflammation in COVID-19. Finally, we provide an overview of therapeutic approaches targeting neutrophil-platelet interactions as novel treatment strategy in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kaiser
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rainer Kaiser
| | - Raphael Escaig
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Erber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Leo Nicolai
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany
- Leo Nicolai
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13
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Tóth K, Lénárt N, Berki P, Fekete R, Szabadits E, Pósfai B, Cserép C, Alatshan A, Benkő S, Kiss D, Hübner CA, Gulyás A, Kaila K, Környei Z, Dénes Á. The NKCC1 ion transporter modulates microglial phenotype and inflammatory response to brain injury in a cell-autonomous manner. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001526. [PMID: 35085235 PMCID: PMC8856735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NKCC1 ion transporter contributes to the pathophysiology of common neurological disorders, but its function in microglia, the main inflammatory cells of the brain, has remained unclear to date. Therefore, we generated a novel transgenic mouse line in which microglial NKCC1 was deleted. We show that microglial NKCC1 shapes both baseline and reactive microglia morphology, process recruitment to the site of injury, and adaptation to changes in cellular volume in a cell-autonomous manner via regulating membrane conductance. In addition, microglial NKCC1 deficiency results in NLRP3 inflammasome priming and increased production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), rendering microglia prone to exaggerated inflammatory responses. In line with this, central (intracortical) administration of the NKCC1 blocker, bumetanide, potentiated intracortical lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine levels. In contrast, systemic bumetanide application decreased inflammation in the brain. Microglial NKCC1 KO animals exposed to experimental stroke showed significantly increased brain injury, inflammation, cerebral edema and worse neurological outcome. Thus, NKCC1 emerges as an important player in controlling microglial ion homeostasis and inflammatory responses through which microglia modulate brain injury. The contribution of microglia to central NKCC1 actions is likely to be relevant for common neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Tóth
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Berki
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebeka Fekete
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabadits
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Cserép
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ahmad Alatshan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Benkő
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kiss
- Software Engineering Institute, John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Gulyás
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zsuzsanna Környei
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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14
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Chellappan R, Guha A, Si Y, Kwan T, Nabors LB, Filippova N, Yang X, Myneni AS, Meesala S, Harms AS, King PH. SRI-42127, a novel small molecule inhibitor of the RNA regulator HuR, potently attenuates glial activation in a model of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Glia 2022; 70:155-172. [PMID: 34533864 PMCID: PMC8595840 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glial activation with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators is a major driver of disease progression in neurological processes ranging from acute traumatic injury to chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Posttranscriptional regulation is a major gateway for glial activation as many mRNAs encoding pro-inflammatory mediators contain adenine- and uridine-rich elements (ARE) in the 3' untranslated region which govern their expression. We have previously shown that HuR, an RNA regulator that binds to AREs, plays a major positive role in regulating inflammatory cytokine production in glia. HuR is predominantly nuclear in localization but translocates to the cytoplasm to exert a positive regulatory effect on RNA stability and translational efficiency. Homodimerization of HuR is necessary for translocation and we have developed a small molecule inhibitor, SRI-42127, that blocks this process. Here we show that SRI-42127 suppressed HuR translocation in LPS-activated glia in vitro and in vivo and significantly attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory mediators including IL1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, CXCL1, and CCL2. Cytokines typically associated with anti-inflammatory effects including TGF-β1, IL-10, YM1, and Arg1 were either unaffected or minimally affected. SRI-42127 suppressed microglial activation in vivo and attenuated the recruitment/chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes. RNA kinetic studies and luciferase studies indicated that SRI-42127 has inhibitory effects both on mRNA stability and gene promoter activation. In summary, our findings underscore HuR's critical role in promoting glial activation and the potential for SRI-42127 and other HuR inhibitors for treating neurological diseases driven by this activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Chellappan
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294,,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Abhishek Guha
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ying Si
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294,,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Thaddaeus Kwan
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - L. Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Natalia Filippova
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Anish S. Myneni
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Shriya Meesala
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ashley S Harms
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Peter H. King
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294,,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294,,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294,Correspondence to: Dr. P.H. King; UAB Dept. of Neurology, Civitan 545C, 1530 3 Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA. Tel. (205) 975-8116; Fax (205) 996-7255;
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15
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Page MJ, Pretorius E. Platelet Behavior Contributes to Neuropathologies: A Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:382-404. [PMID: 34624913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functions of platelets are broad. Platelets function in hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation and immune responses, vascular regulation, and host defense against invading pathogens, among others. These actions are achieved through the release of a wide set of coagulative, vascular, inflammatory, and other factors as well as diverse cell surface receptors involved in the same activities. As active participants in these physiological processes, platelets become involved in signaling pathways and pathological reactions that contribute to diseases that are defined by inflammation (including by pathogen-derived stimuli), vascular dysfunction, and coagulation. These diseases include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, the two most common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their unique pathological and clinical features, significant shared pathological processes exist between these two conditions, particularly relating to a central inflammatory mechanism involving both neuroinflammation and inflammation in the systemic environment, but also neurovascular dysfunction and coagulopathy, processes which also share initiation factors and receptors. This triad of dysfunction-(neuro)inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and hypercoagulation-illustrates the important roles platelets play in neuropathology. Although some mechanisms are understudied in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, a strong case can be made for the relevance of platelets in neurodegeneration-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
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16
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Miao Y, Xu Z, Feng W, Zheng M, Xu Z, Gao H, Li W, Zhang Y, Zong Y, Lu A, Zhao J. Platelet infiltration predicts survival in postsurgical colorectal cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:509-520. [PMID: 34551136 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Platelets promote tumor growth and metastasis in several tumor types. Recent research has found platelets can extravasate and infiltrate into the tumor stroma and interact with the tumor microenvironment. The prognostic role of platelet infiltration in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. A pan-cancer survival analysis was performed to find the potential prognostic value of platelet infiltration in patients with cancer. A survival analysis and a nomogram prognostic model were established to further confirm the results with data from our center. The correlations between patient outcomes and tumor-infiltrating platelets (TIPs) were identified by immunohistochemical staining for CD42b. The prognostic accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by the concordance index (C-index) and a calibration curve. The pan-cancer survival analysis showed platelet infiltration can lead to a poor prognosis in patients with several types of cancers, including CRC. Platelet infiltration was associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in both primary and validation cohorts. The C-index values of the nomogram for predicting OS and DFS were 0.774 and 0.769, respectively, which were higher than that of the TNM staging system alone. Our study found platelet infiltration has a potential prognostic value regarding postsurgical survival in CRC patients. The proposed nomogram resulted in a more accurate prognostic prediction for postsurgical CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifeng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoqing Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Zong
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiguo Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingkun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Li F, Xu D, Hou K, Gou X, Li Y. The role of P2Y12 receptor inhibition in ischemic stroke on microglia, platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 50:874-885. [PMID: 32248335 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
P2Y12 receptors on platelets have long been the main target of antiplatelet drugs. However, a growing number of studies have revealed that P2Y12 receptor activation on microglia and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) also aggravates ischemic stroke injury. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs in the vascular wall have important influence on the early lesion of atherosclerosis, which may lead to the origin of cerebral ischemic attack of atherosclerosis. Blockage of cellular P2Y12 receptors could inhibit microglial activation, block formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates, reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels and suppress migration and proliferation of VSMCs, implying that apart from anti-thrombotic effect, P2Y12 inhibitors have additional neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic therapeutic benefits against ischemic stroke. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in studies on P2Y12 receptors and emphatically introduce their significance in microglia, platelets and VSMCs after ischemic stroke, discussing how to exert the beneficial effects of P2Y12 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhang T, Hou Y, Wang P, Liu Y, Yuan L, Zhang H, Wu C, Yang J. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 ameliorates thromboembolic stroke injury in rats by reducing thromboinflammation. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105108. [PMID: 34175350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside, has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke induced by permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in experimental animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PF11 on thromboembolic stroke in rats and its possible mechanisms on thromboinflammation. PF11 (4, 12, 36 mg/kg) was injected intravenously (i.v.) once a day for 3 consecutive days to male Wistar rats followed by embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO). The results showed that PF11 significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume, brain edema and neurological deficits induced by eMCAO. Meanwhile, the thromboinflammation in the ischemic hemisphere was observed at 24 h after eMCAO, as indicated by the increased number of microvascular thrombus and inflammatory response. Moreover, eMCAO resulted in the up-regulation of platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) and VI (GPVI), as well as the activation of contact-kinin pathway. Notably, PF11 significantly reversed all these changes. Furthermore, PF11 prevented the eMCAO-induced loss of tight junction proteins and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), thus leading to the alleviation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. In conclusion, the present study revealed that thromboinflammation was induced in the ischemic hemisphere of rats after eMCAO and PF11 exerted marked protective effects against thromboembolic stroke by attenuating thromboinflammation and preventing BBB damage. This research further identifies the potential therapeutic role of PF11 for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tan'an, PR China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Linlin Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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19
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Rawish E, Nording H, Münte T, Langer HF. Platelets as Mediators of Neuroinflammation and Thrombosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:548631. [PMID: 33123127 PMCID: PMC7572851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.548631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond platelets function in hemostasis, there is emerging evidence to suggest that platelets contribute crucially to inflammation and immune responses. Therefore, considering the detrimental role of inflammatory conditions in severe neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis or stroke, this review outlines platelets involvement in neuroinflammation. For this, distinct mechanisms of platelet-mediated thrombosis and inflammation are portrayed, focusing on the interaction of platelet receptors with other immune cells as well as brain endothelial cells. Furthermore, we draw attention to the intimate interplay between platelets and the complement system as well as between platelets and plasmatic coagulation factors in the course of neuroinflammation. Following the thorough exposition of preclinical approaches which aim at ameliorating disease severity after inducing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (a counterpart of multiple sclerosis in mice) or brain ischemia-reperfusion injury, the clinical relevance of platelet-mediated neuroinflammation is addressed. Thus, current as well as future propitious translational and clinical strategies for the treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases by affecting platelet function are illustrated, emphasizing that targeting platelet-mediated neuroinflammation could become an efficient adjunct therapy to mitigate disease severity of multiple sclerosis or stroke associated brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Rawish
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henry Nording
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Münte
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Clinic for Neurology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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20
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Wu F, Chen X, Zhai L, Wang H, Sun M, Song C, Wang T, Qian Z. CXCR2 antagonist attenuates neutrophil transmigration into brain in a murine model of LPS induced neuroinflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:839-845. [PMID: 32616311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a devastating neurological complication of sepsis with intolerable high motility. SAE is accompanied with brain vascular injury, endothelial hyperpermeability, and neutrophil infiltration into the brain tissue, key inflammatory processes leading to further brain edema and neuronal cell apoptosis. Recent studies from us and others suggest that the chemokine receptor C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2) is crucial for neutrophil recruitment during SAE. Here we use CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 to characterize the role of CXCR2 in brain infiltration of neutrophil in a murine model of SAE. Systemic administration of high-dose LPS (10 mg/kg) induced evident neutrophil infiltration into the cerebral cortex in wild-type mice. However, CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 markedly attenuated neutrophil infiltration into brain. The CXCR2 expression on neutrophils in the peripheral circulation was dramatically downregulated in response to this LPS dose, and endothelial CXCR2 was significantly upregulated, suggesting endothelial but not neutrophil CXCR2 plays a more important role in neutrophil infiltration into brain. Strikingly, although these CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 treated mice displayed reduced neutrophil infiltration, no change in neutrophil rolling and adhesion was observed. Furthermore, we confirmed that CXCR2 agonist CXCL1 induced a marked increase in actin stress fiber synthesis and paracellular gap formation in cultured cerebral endothelial cells, which is attenuated by SB225002. Thus, these results demonstrate a selective role for endothelial CXCR2 to regulate cerebral vascular permeability and neutrophil transmigration in high-dose LPS induced neuroinflammation, and also suggest a therapeutic potential of CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 in SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Xiaofen Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Liqian Zhai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Meiqun Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Chuanwang Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China.
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21
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Kömürcü HF, Gözke E, Doğan Ak P, Kalyoncu Aslan I, Salt I, Özgenç Bi¸er Çİ. Changes in neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet ratios and their relationship with NIHSS after rtPA and/or thrombectomy in ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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22
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Bernstein DL, Rom S. Let-7g* and miR-98 Reduce Stroke-Induced Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Mouse Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:632. [PMID: 32766248 PMCID: PMC7379105 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a debilitating illness facing healthcare today, affecting over 800,000 people and causing over 140,000 deaths each year in the United States. Despite being the third-leading cause of death, very few treatments currently exist for stroke. Often, during an ischemic attack, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is significantly damaged, which can lead to altered interactions with the immune system, and greatly worsen the damage from a stroke. The impaired, BBB promotes the infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cells into the brain, secreting deleterious mediators (cytokines/chemokines) and resulting in permanent barrier injury. let-7 microRNAs (miRs) are critical for regulating immune responses within the BBB, particularly after ischemic stroke. We have previously shown how transient stroke decreases expression of multiple let-7 miRs, and that restoration of expression confers significant neuroprotection, reduction in brain infiltration by neutrophils, monocytes and T cells. However, the specific mechanisms of action of let-7 miRs remain unexplored, though emerging evidence implicates a range of impacts on cytokines. In the current study, we evaluate the impacts of miR-98 and let-7g* on targeting of cytokine mRNAs, cytokine release following ischemic stroke, and cell-specific changes to the neurovascular space. We determined that miR-98 specifically targets IP-10, while let-7g* specifically aims IL-8, and attenuates their levels. Both produce strong impacts on CCL2 and CCL5. Further, let-7g* strongly improves neurovascular perfusion following ischemic stroke. Together, the results of the study indicate that let-7 miRs are critical for mediating endothelial-immune reactions and improving recovery following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Slava Rom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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23
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A novel approach to treatment of thromboembolic stroke in mice: Redirecting neutrophils toward a peripherally implanted CXCL1-soaked sponge. Exp Neurol 2020; 330:113336. [PMID: 32360283 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are considered key participants in post-ischemic stroke inflammation. They are the first white blood cells to arrive in ischemic brain and their presence in the brain tissue positively correlates with post-ischemic injury severity. CXCL1 is a neutrophil attractant chemokine and the present study evaluates whether redirecting neutrophil migration using a peripherally implanted CXCL1-soaked sponge can reduce brain inflammation and improve outcomes in a novel mouse model of thromboembolic (TE) stroke. TE stroke was induced by injection of a platelet-rich microemboli suspension into the internal carotid artery of adult C57BL/6 male mice. The model induced neuroinflammation that was associated with increases in multiple brain and serum cytokines/chemokines at the mRNA and protein levels, including very marked increases in CXCL1. In other groups of animals, an absorbable sterile hemostatic sponge, previously immersed in either saline (0.9%NaCl) or CXCL1, was implanted into subcutaneous pockets formed in the inguinal region on the left and right side following stroke surgery. Mice implanted with the sponge soaked with CXCL1 had significantly reduced neuroinflammation and infarct size after TE stroke compared to mice implanted with the sponge soaked with 0.9%NaCl. There was also reduced mortality and improved neurological deficits in the TE stroke + CXCL1 sponge group compared to the TE stroke +0.9%NaCl sponge group. In conclusion: redirecting bloodstream leukocytes toward a peripherally-implanted neutrophil chemokine CXCL1-soaked sponge improves outcomes in a novel mouse model of thromboembolic stroke. The present findings suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with acute stroke.
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Orsini F, Fumagalli S, Császár E, Tóth K, De Blasio D, Zangari R, Lénárt N, Dénes Á, De Simoni MG. Mannose-Binding Lectin Drives Platelet Inflammatory Phenotype and Vascular Damage After Cerebral Ischemia in Mice via IL (Interleukin)-1α. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2678-2690. [PMID: 30354247 PMCID: PMC6221395 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Circulating complement factors are activated by tissue damage and contribute to acute brain injury. The deposition of MBL (mannose-binding lectin), one of the initiators of the lectin complement pathway, on the cerebral endothelium activated by ischemia is a major pathogenic event leading to brain injury. The molecular mechanisms through which MBL influences outcome after ischemia are not understood yet. Approach and Results— Here we show that MBL-deficient (MBL−/−) mice subjected to cerebral ischemia display better flow recovery and less plasma extravasation in the brain than wild-type mice, as assessed by in vivo 2-photon microscopy. This results in reduced vascular dysfunction as shown by the shift from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory vascular phenotype associated with MBL deficiency. We also show that platelets directly bind MBL and that platelets from MBL−/− mice have reduced inflammatory phenotype as indicated by reduced IL-1α (interleukin-1α) content, as early as 6 hours after ischemia. Cultured human brain endothelial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and exposed to platelets from MBL−/− mice present less cell death and lower CXCL1 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 1) release (downstream to IL-1α) than those exposed to wild-type platelets. In turn, MBL deposition on ischemic vessels significantly decreases after ischemia in mice treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist compared with controls, indicating a reciprocal interplay between MBL and IL-1α facilitating endothelial damage. Conclusions— We propose MBL as a hub of pathogenic vascular events. It acts as an early trigger of platelet IL-1α release, which in turn favors MBL deposition on ischemic vessels promoting an endothelial pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Orsini
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Eszter Császár
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Krisztina Tóth
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Daiana De Blasio
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Rosalia Zangari
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Maria-Grazia De Simoni
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
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Shi K, Tian DC, Li ZG, Ducruet AF, Lawton MT, Shi FD. Global brain inflammation in stroke. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18:1058-1066. [PMID: 31296369 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Stroke, including acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage, results in neuronal cell death and the release of factors such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that elicit localised inflammation in the injured brain region. Such focal brain inflammation aggravates secondary brain injury by exacerbating blood-brain barrier damage, microvascular failure, brain oedema, oxidative stress, and by directly inducing neuronal cell death. In addition to inflammation localised to the injured brain region, a growing body of evidence suggests that inflammatory responses after a stroke occur and persist throughout the entire brain. Global brain inflammation might continuously shape the evolving pathology after a stroke and affect the patients' long-term neurological outcome. Future efforts towards understanding the mechanisms governing the emergence of so-called global brain inflammation would facilitate modulation of this inflammation as a potential therapeutic strategy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Shi
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - De-Cai Tian
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurology, and Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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26
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Bonaventura A, Montecucco F, Dallegri F, Carbone F, Lüscher TF, Camici GG, Liberale L. Novel findings in neutrophil biology and their impact on cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1266-1285. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa – Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa – Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Heart Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Switzerland
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27
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Zucoloto AZ, Jenne CN. Platelet-Neutrophil Interplay: Insights Into Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET)-Driven Coagulation in Infection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:85. [PMID: 31281822 PMCID: PMC6595231 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Well established for their central role in hemostasis, platelets have increasingly been appreciated as immune cells in recent years. This emerging role should not come as a surprise as the central immune cells of invertebrates, hemocytes, are able to phagocytose, secrete soluble mediators and promote coagulation of hemolymph, blurring the line between immunity and hemostasis. The undeniable evolutionary link between coagulation and immunity becomes even clearer as the role of platelets in inflammation is better understood. Platelets exert a range of immune-related functions, many of which involve an intimate interplay with leukocytes. Platelets promote leukocyte recruitment via endothelial activation and can serve as “landing pads” for leukocytes, facilitating cellular adhesion in vascular beds devoid of classic adhesion molecules. Moreover, platelets enhance leukocyte function both through direct interactions and through release of soluble mediators. Among neutrophil-platelets interactions, the modulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is of great interest. Platelets have been shown to induce NET formation; and, in turn, NET components further regulate platelet and neutrophil function. While NETs have been shown to ensnare and kill pathogens, they also initiate coagulation via thrombin activation. In fact, increased NET formation has been associated with hypercoagulability in septic patients as well as in chronic vascular disorders. This review will delve into current knowledge of platelet-neutrophil interactions, with a focus on NET-driven coagulation, in the context of infectious diseases. A better understanding of these mechanisms will shed a light on the therapeutic potential of uncoupling immunity and coagulation through targeting of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Z Zucoloto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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28
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Margraf A, Ley K, Zarbock A. Neutrophil Recruitment: From Model Systems to Tissue-Specific Patterns. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:613-634. [PMID: 31175062 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment is not only vital for host defense, but also relevant in pathological inflammatory reactions, such as sepsis. Model systems have been established to examine different steps of the leukocyte recruitment cascade in vivo and in vitro under inflammatory conditions. Recently, tissue-specific recruitment patterns have come into focus, requiring modification of formerly generalized assumptions. Here, we summarize existing models of neutrophil recruitment and highlight recent discoveries in organ-specific recruitment patterns. New techniques show that previously stated assumptions of integrin activation and tissue invasion may need revision. Similarly, neutrophil recruitment to specific organs can rely on different organ properties, adhesion molecules, and chemokines. To advance our understanding of neutrophil recruitment, organ-specific intravital microscopy methods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Margraf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Therapy and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Therapy and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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29
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Store-operated calcium entry in thrombosis and thrombo-inflammation. Cell Calcium 2018; 77:39-48. [PMID: 30530092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic free calcium (Ca2+) is a second messenger regulating a wide variety of functions in blood cells, including adhesion, activation, proliferation and migration. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), triggered by depletion of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum, provides a main mechanism of regulated Ca2+ influx in blood cells. SOCE is mediated and regulated by isoforms of the ion channel proteins ORAI and TRP, and the transmembrane Ca2+ sensors stromal interaction molecules (STIMs), respectively. This report provides an overview of the (patho)physiological importance of SOCE in blood cells implicated in thrombosis and thrombo-inflammation, i.e. platelets and immune cells. We also discuss the physiological consequences of dysregulated SOCE in platelets and immune cells and the potential of SOCE inhibition as a therapeutic option to prevent or treat arterial thrombosis as well as thrombo-inflammatory disease states such as ischemic stroke.
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30
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Hermann DM, Kleinschnitz C, Gunzer M. Role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the reperfused ischemic brain: insights from cell-type-specific immunodepletion and fluorescence microscopy studies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418798607. [PMID: 30245743 PMCID: PMC6144496 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418798607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs) are part of the early post-ischemic immune response that orchestrates the removal of infarcted brain tissue. PMNs contribute to secondary brain injury in experimental stroke models. In human patients, high PMN-to-lymphocyte ratios in peripheral blood are predictive of poor stroke outcome. Following earlier studies indicating that the cerebral microvasculature forms an efficient barrier that impedes PMN brain entry even under conditions of ischemia, more recent studies combining intravital two-photon microscopy and ex vivo immunohistochemistry unequivocally demonstrated the accumulation of PMNs in the ischemic brain parenchyma. In the meantime, transgenic mouse lines, such as mice expressing Cre-recombinase and the red fluorescent reporter protein tdTomato under the highly granulocyte-specific locus for the gene Ly6G (so-called Catchup mice), have become available that allow study of dynamic interactions of PMNs with brain parenchymal cells. These mice will further help us understand how PMNs promote brain injury and disturb brain remodeling and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen D-45122, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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31
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Altmann DM. Neuroimmunology and neuroinflammation in autoimmune, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease. Immunology 2018; 154:167-168. [PMID: 29878338 PMCID: PMC5980115 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An ever-increasing collection of neurological human diseases are becoming appreciated as encompassing a strong immunological component in pathogenesis or regulation. This derives to a large extent from genome-wide association studies that have highlighted association with immune system genes, including those in the HLA and KIR regions. Along with the genomic findings have come insights from immune phenotyping and assays for autoimmunity. This is a group of disease processes that includes Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, stroke, narcolepsy, schizophrenia and psychosis. In most cases, these are diseases in which we assume that differential regulation of central nervous system inflammation may impact symptoms and severity. The specific roles played by the immune response in these disease processes is largely uncharted and will require considerable investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Altmann
- Department of MedicineHammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
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