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Much C, Lasda EL, Pereira IT, Vallery TK, Ramirez D, Lewandowski JP, Dowell RD, Smallegan MJ, Rinn JL. The temporal dynamics of lncRNA Firre-mediated epigenetic and transcriptional regulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6821. [PMID: 39122712 PMCID: PMC11316132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have now demonstrated that lncRNAs can influence gene expression programs leading to cell and organismal phenotypes. Typically, lncRNA perturbations and concomitant changes in gene expression are measured on the timescale of many hours to days. Thus, we currently lack a temporally grounded understanding of the primary, secondary, and tertiary relationships of lncRNA-mediated transcriptional and epigenetic regulation-a prerequisite to elucidating lncRNA mechanisms. To begin to address when and where a lncRNA regulates gene expression, we genetically engineer cell lines to temporally induce the lncRNA Firre. Using this approach, we are able to monitor lncRNA transcriptional regulatory events from 15 min to four days. We observe that upon induction, Firre RNA regulates epigenetic and transcriptional states in trans within 30 min. These early regulatory events result in much larger transcriptional changes after 12 h, well before current studies monitor lncRNA regulation. Moreover, Firre-mediated gene expression changes are epigenetically remembered for days. Overall, this study suggests that lncRNAs can rapidly regulate gene expression by establishing persistent epigenetic and transcriptional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Much
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Erika L Lasda
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Isabela T Pereira
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Tenaya K Vallery
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA
| | - Jordan P Lewandowski
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA
| | - Michael J Smallegan
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA.
| | - John L Rinn
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
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2
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Li S, Xie Y, Yu C, Zheng C, Xu Z. The battle between host antiviral innate immunity and immune evasion by cytomegalovirus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:341. [PMID: 39120730 PMCID: PMC11335264 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has successfully established a long-lasting latent infection in humans due to its ability to counteract the host antiviral innate immune response. During coevolution with the host, the virus has evolved various evasion techniques to evade the host's innate immune surveillance. At present, there is still no vaccine available for the prevention and treatment of CMV infection, and the interaction between CMV infection and host antiviral innate immunity is still not well understood. However, ongoing studies will offer new insights into how to treat and prevent CMV infection and its related diseases. Here, we update recent studies on how CMV evades antiviral innate immunity, with a focus on how CMV proteins target and disrupt critical adaptors of antiviral innate immune signaling pathways. This review also discusses some classic intrinsic cellular defences that are crucial to the fight against viral invasion. A comprehensive review of the evasion mechanisms of antiviral innate immunity by CMV will help investigators identify new therapeutic targets and develop vaccines against CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuanyang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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3
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Chan YH, Liu Z, Bastard P, Khobrekar N, Hutchison KM, Yamazaki Y, Fan Q, Matuozzo D, Harschnitz O, Kerrouche N, Nakajima K, Amin P, Yatim A, Rinchai D, Chen J, Zhang P, Ciceri G, Chen J, Dobbs K, Belkaya S, Lee D, Gervais A, Aydın K, Kartal A, Hasek ML, Zhao S, Reino EG, Lee YS, Seeleuthner Y, Chaldebas M, Bailey R, Vanhulle C, Lorenzo L, Boucherit S, Rozenberg F, Marr N, Mogensen TH, Aubart M, Cobat A, Dulac O, Emiroglu M, Paludan SR, Abel L, Notarangelo L, Longnecker R, Smith G, Studer L, Casanova JL, Zhang SY. Human TMEFF1 is a restriction factor for herpes simplex virus in the brain. Nature 2024; 632:390-400. [PMID: 39048830 PMCID: PMC11306101 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Most cases of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) remain unexplained1,2. Here, we report on two unrelated people who had HSE as children and are homozygous for rare deleterious variants of TMEFF1, which encodes a cell membrane protein that is preferentially expressed by brain cortical neurons. TMEFF1 interacts with the cell-surface HSV-1 receptor NECTIN-1, impairing HSV-1 glycoprotein D- and NECTIN-1-mediated fusion of the virus and the cell membrane, blocking viral entry. Genetic TMEFF1 deficiency allows HSV-1 to rapidly enter cortical neurons that are either patient specific or derived from CRISPR-Cas9-engineered human pluripotent stem cells, thereby enhancing HSV-1 translocation to the nucleus and subsequent replication. This cellular phenotype can be rescued by pretreatment with type I interferon (IFN) or the expression of exogenous wild-type TMEFF1. Moreover, ectopic expression of full-length TMEFF1 or its amino-terminal extracellular domain, but not its carboxy-terminal intracellular domain, impairs HSV-1 entry into NECTIN-1-expressing cells other than neurons, increasing their resistance to HSV-1 infection. Human TMEFF1 is therefore a host restriction factor for HSV-1 entry into cortical neurons. Its constitutively high abundance in cortical neurons protects these cells from HSV-1 infection, whereas inherited TMEFF1 deficiency renders them susceptible to this virus and can therefore underlie HSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Chan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Bastard
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Noopur Khobrekar
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kennen M Hutchison
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniela Matuozzo
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Harschnitz
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Nacim Kerrouche
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Koji Nakajima
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Param Amin
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmad Yatim
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriele Ciceri
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Serkan Belkaya
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Danyel Lee
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Adrian Gervais
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Kürşad Aydın
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kartal
- Child Neurology Department, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mary L Hasek
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuxiang Zhao
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Garcia Reino
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoon Seung Lee
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoann Seeleuthner
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Chaldebas
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rasheed Bailey
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Boucherit
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- Laboratory of Virology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nico Marr
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mélodie Aubart
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris-City University, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dulac
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Melike Emiroglu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Luigi Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Longnecker
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Greg Smith
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.
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4
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Wu S, Lei X, Zhu Z, Liu Z, Gao Y, Wei J, Qin Q. Grouper OTUB1 and OTUB2 promote red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) replication by inhibiting the host innate immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109715. [PMID: 38909637 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) is a major viral pathogen of grouper and is able to antagonize interferon responses through multiple strategies, particularly evading host immune responses by inhibiting interferon responses. Ovarian tumor (OTU) family proteins are an important class of DUBs and the underlying mechanisms used to inhibit interferon pathway activation are unknown. In the present study, primers were designed based on the transcriptome data, and the ovarian tumor (OTU) domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde-binding protein 1 (OTUB1) and OTUB2 genes of Epinephelus coioides (EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2) were cloned and characterized. The homology alignment showed that both EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2 were most closely related to E. lanceolatus with 98 % identity. Both EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2 were distributed to varying degrees in grouper tissues, and the transcript levels were significantly up-regulated following RGNNV stimulation. Both EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2 promoted replication of RGNNV in vitro, and inhibited the promoter activities of interferon stimulated response element (ISRE), nuclear transcription factors kappaB (NF-κB) and IFN3, and the expression levels of interferon related genes and proinflammatory factors. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that both EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2 could interact with TRAF3 and TRAF6, indicating that EcOTUB1 and EcOTUB2 may play important roles in interferon signaling pathway. The results will provide a theoretical reference for the development of novel disease prevention and control techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Zetian Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Yanfei Gao
- Guangdong Haiyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Yangjiang, 529800, China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
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5
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Liu Y, Wang K, Gong X, Qu W, Xiao Y, Sun H, Kang J, Sheng J, Wu F, Dai F. Schisandra chinensis inhibits the entry of BoHV-1 by blocking PI3K-Akt pathway and enhances the m6A methylation of gD to inhibit the entry of progeny virus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1444414. [PMID: 39104584 PMCID: PMC11298802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1444414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine known for its antitussive and sedative effects, has shown promise in preventing various viral infections. Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is an enveloped DNA virus that causes respiratory disease in cattle, leading to significant economic losses in the industry. Because the lack of previous reports on Schisandra chinensis resisting BoHV-1 infection, this study aimed to investigate the specific mechanisms involved. Results from TCID50, qPCR, IFA, and western blot analyses demonstrated that Schisandra chinensis could inhibit BoHV-1 entry into MDBK cells, primarily through its extract Methylgomisin O (Meth O). The specific mechanism involved Meth O blocking BoHV-1 entry into cells via clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis by suppressing the activation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, findings from TCID50, qPCR, co-immunoprecipitation and western blot assays revealed that Schisandra chinensis blocked BoHV-1 gD transcription through enhancing m6A methylation of gD after virus entry, thereby hindering gD protein expression and preventing progeny virus entry into cells and ultimately inhibiting BoHV-1 replication. Overall, these results suggest that Schisandra chinensis can resist BoHV-1 infection by targeting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting gD transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Gong
- Qingdao YeBio Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Weijie Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yangyang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongtao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingli Kang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinliang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Faxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Feiyan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Li Y, Guo M, Wang Q, Zhou H, Wu W, Lin H, Fan H. Glaesserella parasuis serotype 5 induces pyroptosis via the RIG-I/MAVS/NLRP3 pathway in swine tracheal epithelial cells. Vet Microbiol 2024; 294:110127. [PMID: 38797057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) is a common Gram-negative commensal bacterium in the upper respiratory tract of swine that can cause Glässer's disease under stress conditions. Pyroptosis is an important immune defence mechanism of the body that plays a crucial role in clearing pathogen infections and endogenous danger signals. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of G. parasuis serotype 5 SQ (GPS5-SQ)-induced pyroptosis in swine tracheal epithelial cells (STECs). The results of the present study demonstrated that GPS5-SQ infection induces pyroptosis in STECs by enhancing the protein level of the N-terminal domain of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) and activating the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Furthermore, the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, including GSDMD-N and cleaved caspase-1 were considerably decreased in STECs after the knockdown of retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). These results indicated that GPS5-SQ might trigger pyroptosis through the activation of the RIG-I/MAVS/NLRP3 signaling pathway. More importantly, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) repressed the activation of the RIG-I/MAVS/NLRP3 signaling and rescued the decrease in Occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) after GPS5-SQ infection. Overall, our findings show that GPS5-SQ can activate RIG-I/MAVS/NLRP3 signaling and destroy the integrity of the epithelial barrier by inducing ROS generation in STECs, shedding new light on G. parasuis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengru Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- Joint Research Center for Foodborne Functional Factors and Green Preparation, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China.
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7
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Sikorska J, Wyss DF. Recent developments in understanding RIG-I's activation and oligomerization. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241265182. [PMID: 39091074 PMCID: PMC11297509 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241265182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Insights into mechanisms driving either activation or inhibition of immune response are crucial in understanding the pathology of various diseases. The differentiation of viral from endogenous RNA in the cytoplasm by pattern-recognition receptors, such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), is one of the essential paths for timely activation of an antiviral immune response through induction of type I interferons (IFN). In this mini-review, we describe the most recent developments centered around RIG-I's structure and mechanism of action. We summarize the paradigm-changing work over the past few years that helped us better understand RIG-I's monomeric and oligomerization states and their role in conveying immune response. We also discuss potential applications of the modulation of the RIG-I pathway in preventing autoimmune diseases or induction of immunity against viral infections. Overall, our review aims to summarize innovative research published in the past few years to help clarify questions that have long persisted around RIG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel F Wyss
- Daniel F Wyss, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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8
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Solotchi M, Patel SS. Proofreading mechanisms of the innate immune receptor RIG-I: distinguishing self and viral RNA. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1131-1148. [PMID: 38884803 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), comprising retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), are pattern recognition receptors belonging to the DExD/H-box RNA helicase family of proteins. RLRs detect viral RNAs in the cytoplasm and respond by initiating a robust antiviral response that up-regulates interferon and cytokine production. RIG-I and MDA5 complement each other by recognizing different RNA features, and LGP2 regulates their activation. RIG-I's multilayered RNA recognition and proofreading mechanisms ensure accurate viral RNA detection while averting harmful responses to host RNAs. RIG-I's C-terminal domain targets 5'-triphosphate double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) blunt ends, while an intrinsic gating mechanism prevents the helicase domains from non-specifically engaging with host RNAs. The ATPase and RNA translocation activity of RIG-I adds another layer of selectivity by minimizing the lifetime of RIG-I on non-specific RNAs, preventing off-target activation. The versatility of RIG-I's ATPase function also amplifies downstream signaling by enhancing the signaling domain (CARDs) exposure on 5'-triphosphate dsRNA and promoting oligomerization. In this review, we offer an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms RIG-I uses to facilitate viral RNA sensing and regulate downstream activation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Solotchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Smita S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
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9
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Lundrigan E, Toudic C, Pennock E, Pezacki JP. SARS-CoV-2 Protein Nsp9 Is Involved in Viral Evasion through Interactions with Innate Immune Pathways. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26428-26438. [PMID: 38911767 PMCID: PMC11191075 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The suppression of the host's innate antiviral immune response by SARS-CoV-2, a contributing factor to the severity of disease, has been considerably studied in recent years. Many of these studies have focused on the actions of the structural proteins of the virus because of their accessibility to host immunological components. However, less is known about SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural and accessory proteins in relation to viral evasion. Herein, we study SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural proteins Orf3a, Orf6, and Nsp9 in a mimicked virus-infected state using poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of viral dsRNA, that elicits the antiviral immune response. Through genome-wide expression profiling, we determined that Orf3a, Orf6, and Nsp9 all modulate the host antiviral signaling transcriptome to varying extents, uniquely suppressing aspects of innate immune signaling. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 Nsp9 hinders viral detection through suppression of RIG-I expression and antagonizes the interferon antiviral cascade by downregulating NF-kB and TBK1. Our data point to unique molecular mechanisms through which the different SARS-CoV-2 proteins suppress immune signaling and promote viral evasion. Nsp9 in particular acts on major elements of the host antiviral pathways to impair the antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn Lundrigan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Caroline Toudic
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Emily Pennock
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
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10
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Liu X, Lei M, Xue Y, Li H, Yin J, Li D, Shu J, Cai C. Multi-dimensional Insight into the Coexistence of Pathogenic Genes for ADAR1 and TSC2: Careful Consideration is Essential for Interpretation of ADAR1 Variants. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1811-1826. [PMID: 37740860 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome 6 (AGS6) is a serious auto-immunization-associated acute neurologic decompensation. AGS6 manifests as acute onset of severe generalized dystonia of limbs and developmental regression secondary to febrile illness mostly. Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH), as pigmentary genodermatosis, is a characterized mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules. Both AGS6 and DSH are associated with ADAR1 pathogenic variants. To explore the etiology of a proband with developmental regression with mixture of hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation macules, we used the trio-WES. Later, to clarify the association between variants and diseases, we used guidelines of ACMG for variants interpretation and quantitative Real-time PCR for verifying elevated expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes, separately. By WES, we detected 2 variants in ADAR1 and a variant in TSC2, respectively, were NM_001111.5:c.1096_1097del, NM_001111.5:c.518A>G, and NM_000548.5:c.1864C>T. Variants interpretation suggested that these 3 variants were both pathogenic. Expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes also elevated as expected. We verified the co-occurrence of pathogenic variants of ADAR1 and TSC2 in AGS6 patients with DSH. Our works contributed to the elucidation of ADAR1 pathogenic mechanism, given the specific pathogenic mechanism of ADAR1, and it is necessary to consider with caution when variants were found in ADAR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- Graduate College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Meifang Lei
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), No. 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Beichen District, No. 238 Longyan Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Hong Li
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), No. 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Dong Li
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), No. 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Jianbo Shu
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Beichen District, No. 238 Longyan Road, Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Chunquan Cai
- Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Beichen District, No. 238 Longyan Road, Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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11
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Göse M, Magill EE, Hughes-Games A, Shaw SJ, Diffin FM, Rawson T, Nagy Z, Seidel R, Szczelkun MD. Short-range translocation by a restriction enzyme motor triggers diffusion along DNA. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:689-698. [PMID: 38167920 PMCID: PMC11142916 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cleavage of bacteriophage DNA by the Type III restriction-modification enzymes requires long-range interaction between DNA sites. This is facilitated by one-dimensional diffusion ('DNA sliding') initiated by ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by a superfamily 2 helicase-like ATPase. Here we combined ultrafast twist measurements based on plasmonic DNA origami nano-rotors with stopped-flow fluorescence and gel-based assays to examine the role(s) of ATP hydrolysis. Our data show that the helicase-like domain has multiple roles. First, this domain stabilizes initial DNA interactions alongside the methyltransferase subunits. Second, it causes environmental changes in the flipped adenine base following hydrolysis of the first ATP. Finally, it remodels nucleoprotein interactions via constrained translocation of a ∼ 5 to 22-bp double stranded DNA loop. Initiation of DNA sliding requires 8-15 bp of DNA downstream of the motor, corresponding to the site of nuclease domain binding. Our data unify previous contradictory communication models for Type III enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Göse
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emma E Magill
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alex Hughes-Games
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steven J Shaw
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fiona M Diffin
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tara Rawson
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zsofia Nagy
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mark D Szczelkun
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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12
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Liu M, Duan Y, Dong J, Zhang K, Jin X, Gao M, Jia H, Chen J, Liu M, Wei M, Zhong X. Early signs of neurodegenerative diseases: Possible mechanisms and targets for Golgi stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116646. [PMID: 38692058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in mediating the modification, transport, and sorting of intracellular proteins and lipids. The morphological changes occurring in the Golgi apparatus are exceptionally important for maintaining its function. When exposed to external pressure or environmental stimulation, the Golgi apparatus undergoes adaptive changes in both structure and function, which are known as Golgi stress. Although certain signal pathway responses or post-translational modifications have been observed following Golgi stress, further research is needed to comprehensively summarize and understand the related mechanisms. Currently, there is evidence linking Golgi stress to neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of Golgi stress in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease remains largely unexplored. This review focuses on the structural and functional alterations of the Golgi apparatus during stress, elucidating potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of Golgi stress in regulating immunity, autophagy, and metabolic processes. Additionally, it highlights the pivotal role of Golgi stress as an early signaling event implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, this study summarizes prospective targets that can be therapeutically exploited to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases by targeting Golgi stress. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for identifying novel breakthroughs in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ying Duan
- Liaoning Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shayang, Liaoning 110005, China
| | - Jianru Dong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Kaisong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Menglin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Huachao Jia
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ju Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, China.
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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13
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Kumar V, Stewart Iv JH. Pattern-Recognition Receptors and Immunometabolic Reprogramming: What We Know and What to Explore. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:295-323. [PMID: 38740018 PMCID: PMC11250681 DOI: 10.1159/000539278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolutionarily, immune response is a complex mechanism that protects the host from internal and external threats. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize MAMPs, PAMPs, and DAMPs to initiate a protective pro-inflammatory immune response. PRRs are expressed on the cell membranes by TLR1, 2, 4, and 6 and in the cytosolic organelles by TLR3, 7, 8, and 9, NLRs, ALRs, and cGLRs. We know their downstream signaling pathways controlling immunoregulatory and pro-inflammatory immune response. However, the impact of PRRs on metabolic control of immune cells to control their pro- and anti-inflammatory activity has not been discussed extensively. SUMMARY Immune cell metabolism or immunometabolism critically determines immune cells' pro-inflammatory phenotype and function. The current article discusses immunometabolic reprogramming (IR) upon activation of different PRRs, such as TLRs, NLRs, cGLRs, and RLRs. The duration and type of PRR activated, species studied, and location of immune cells to specific organ are critical factors to determine the IR-induced immune response. KEY MESSAGE The work herein describes IR upon TLR, NLR, cGLR, and RLR activation. Understanding IR upon activating different PRRs is critical for designing better immune cell-specific immunotherapeutics and immunomodulators targeting inflammation and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical Education Building-C, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John H Stewart Iv
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical Education Building-C, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Wang-Bishop L, Wehbe M, Pastora LE, Yang J, Kimmel BR, Garland KM, Becker KW, Carson CS, Roth EW, Gibson-Corley KN, Ulkoski D, Krishnamurthy V, Fedorova O, Richmond A, Pyle AM, Wilson JT. Nanoparticle Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I Agonist for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11631-11643. [PMID: 38652829 PMCID: PMC11080455 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacological activation of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathway holds promise for increasing tumor immunogenicity and improving the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the potency and clinical efficacy of 5'-triphosphate RNA (3pRNA) agonists of RIG-I are hindered by multiple pharmacological barriers, including poor pharmacokinetics, nuclease degradation, and inefficient delivery to the cytosol where RIG-I is localized. Here, we address these challenges through the design and evaluation of ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of 3p-modified stem-loop RNAs (SLRs). Packaging of SLRs into LNPs (SLR-LNPs) yielded surface charge-neutral nanoparticles with a size of ∼100 nm that activated RIG-I signaling in vitro and in vivo. SLR-LNPs were safely administered to mice via both intratumoral and intravenous routes, resulting in RIG-I activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the inhibition of tumor growth in mouse models of poorly immunogenic melanoma and breast cancer. Significantly, we found that systemic administration of SLR-LNPs reprogrammed the breast TME to enhance the infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells with antitumor function, resulting in enhanced response to αPD-1 ICI in an orthotopic EO771 model of triple-negative breast cancer. Therapeutic efficacy was further demonstrated in a metastatic B16.F10 melanoma model, with systemically administered SLR-LNPs significantly reducing lung metastatic burden compared to combined αPD-1 + αCTLA-4 ICI. Collectively, these studies have established SLR-LNPs as a translationally promising immunotherapeutic nanomedicine for potent and selective activation of RIG-I with the potential to enhance response to ICIs and other immunotherapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang-Bishop
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Mohamed Wehbe
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Lucinda E. Pastora
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Jinming Yang
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare
System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Blaise R. Kimmel
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Kyle M. Garland
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Kyle W. Becker
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Carcia S. Carson
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Eric W. Roth
- Northwestern
University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Department
of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - David Ulkoski
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Venkata Krishnamurthy
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Department
of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare
System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Anna Marie Pyle
- Department
of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department
of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University
Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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15
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Wang L, Yang F, Ye J, Zhang L, Jiang X. Insight into the role of IRF7 in skin and connective tissue diseases. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15083. [PMID: 38794808 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are signalling proteins primarily involved in initiating innate immune responses against pathogens and promoting the maturation of immune cells. Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7) plays a pivotal role in the IFNs signalling pathway. The activation process of IRF7 is incited by exogenous or abnormal nucleic acids, which is followed by the identification via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the ensuing signalling cascades. Upon activation, IRF7 modulates the expression of both IFNs and inflammatory gene regulation. As a multifunctional transcription factor, IRF7 is mainly expressed in immune cells, yet its presence is also detected in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and various dermal cell types. In these cells, IRF7 is critical for skin immunity, inflammation, and fibrosis. IRF7 dysregulation may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions, including systemic scleroderma (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Atopic dermatitis (AD) and Psoriasis. This comprehensive review aims to extensively elucidate the role of IRF7 and its signalling pathways in immune cells and keratinocytes, highlighting its significance in skin-related and connective tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Liu J, Dai C, Yin L, Yang X, Yan J, Liu M, Wu H, Xiao J, Kong W, Xu Z, Feng H. STAT2 negatively regulates RIG-I in the antiviral innate immunity of black carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109510. [PMID: 38521143 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2), a downstream factor of type I interferons (IFNs), is a key component of the cellular antiviral immunity response. However, the role of STAT2 in the upstream of IFN signaling, such as the regulation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), remains unknown. In this study, STAT2 homologue of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. The open reading frame (ORF) of bcSTAT2 comprises 2523 nucleotides and encodes 841 amino acids, which presents the conserved structure to that of mammalian STAT2. The dual-luciferase reporter assay and the plaque assay showed that bcSTAT2 possessed certain IFN-inducing ability and antiviral ability against both spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Interestingly, we detected the association between bcSTAT2 and bcRIG-I through co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay. Moreover, when bcSTAT2 was co-expressed with bcRIG-I, bcSTAT2 obviously suppressed bcRIG-I-induced IFN expression and antiviral activity. The subsequent co-IP assay and immunoblotting (IB) assay further demonstrated that bcSTAT2 inhibited K63-linked polyubiquitination but not K48-linked polyubiquitination of bcRIG-I, however, did not affect the oligomerization of bcRIG-I. Thus, our data conclude that black carp STAT2 negatively regulates RIG-I through attenuates its K63-linked ubiquitination, which sheds a new light on the regulation of the antiviral innate immunity cascade in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Chushan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Weiguang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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17
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Bhatt DK, Daemen T. Molecular Circuits of Immune Sensing and Response to Oncolytic Virotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4691. [PMID: 38731910 PMCID: PMC11083234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising immunotherapy approach for cancer treatment that utilizes viruses to preferentially infect and eliminate cancer cells while stimulating the immune response. In this review, we synthesize the current literature on the molecular circuits of immune sensing and response to oncolytic virotherapy, focusing on viral DNA or RNA sensing by infected cells, cytokine and danger-associated-signal sensing by neighboring cells, and the subsequent downstream activation of immune pathways. These sequential sense-and-response mechanisms involve the triggering of molecular sensors by viruses or infected cells to activate transcription factors and related genes for a breadth of immune responses. We describe how the molecular signals induced in the tumor upon virotherapy can trigger diverse immune signaling pathways, activating both antigen-presenting-cell-based innate and T cell-based adaptive immune responses. Insights into these complex mechanisms provide valuable knowledge for enhancing oncolytic virotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshak K. Bhatt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, HPC EB88, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Toos Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, HPC EB88, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Palmer CR, Pastora LE, Kimmel BR, Pagendarm HM, Kwiatkowski AJ, Stone PT, Arora K, Francini N, Fedorova O, Pyle AM, Wilson JT. Covalent Polymer-RNA Conjugates for Potent Activation of the RIG-I Pathway. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303815. [PMID: 38648653 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
RNA ligands of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) are a promising class of oligonucleotide therapeutics with broad potential as antiviral agents, vaccine adjuvants, and cancer immunotherapies. However, their translation has been limited by major drug delivery barriers, including poor cellular uptake, nuclease degradation, and an inability to access the cytosol where RIG-I is localized. Here this challenge is addressed by engineering nanoparticles that harness covalent conjugation of 5'-triphospate RNA (3pRNA) to endosome-destabilizing polymers. Compared to 3pRNA loaded into analogous nanoparticles via electrostatic interactions, it is found that covalent conjugation of 3pRNA improves loading efficiency, enhances immunostimulatory activity, protects against nuclease degradation, and improves serum stability. Additionally, it is found that 3pRNA could be conjugated via either a disulfide or thioether linkage, but that the latter is only permissible if conjugated distal to the 5'-triphosphate group. Finally, administration of 3pRNA-polymer conjugates to mice significantly increases type-I interferon levels relative to analogous carriers that use electrostatic 3pRNA loading. Collectively, these studies have yielded a next-generation polymeric carrier for in vivo delivery of 3pRNA, while also elucidating new chemical design principles for covalent conjugation of 3pRNA with potential to inform the further development of therapeutics and delivery technologies for pharmacological activation of RIG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Lucinda E Pastora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Blaise R Kimmel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Hayden M Pagendarm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Alexander J Kwiatkowski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Payton T Stone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Karan Arora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Nora Francini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Anna M Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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19
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Smołucha G, Steg A, Oczkowicz M. The Role of Vitamins in Mitigating the Effects of Various Stress Factors in Pigs Breeding. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1218. [PMID: 38672365 PMCID: PMC11047633 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Good practices in farm animal care are crucial for upholding animal well-being, efficiency, and health. Pigs, like other farm animals, are exposed to various stressors, including environmental, nutritional, chemical, psychological, physiological, and metabolic stressors, which can disrupt their internal balance and compromise their well-being. Oxidative stress can adversely affect animal performance, fertility, and immunity, leading to economic losses for farmers. Dietary considerations are hugely important in attaining these objectives. This paper reviews studies investigating the impact of additional vitamin supplementation on stress reduction in pigs. Vitamin A can be beneficial in counteracting viral and parasitic threats. Vitamin B can be a potential solution for reproductive issues, but it might also be beneficial in reducing the effects of inappropriate nutrition. Vitamin C plays a vital role in reducing the effects of heat stress or exposure to toxins in pigs. Vitamin D proves to be beneficial in addressing stress induced mostly by infections and weaning, while vitamin E has been shown to mitigate the effects of toxins, heat stress, or transport stress. This review highlights the potential benefits of these dietary antioxidants in maintaining pig health, enhancing productivity, and counteracting the adverse effects of various stressors. Understanding the role of vitamins in pig nutrition and stress management is vital for optimising farm animal welfare and production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Smołucha
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (A.S.); (M.O.)
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20
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Mărunţelu I, Constantinescu AE, Covache-Busuioc RA, Constantinescu I. The Golgi Apparatus: A Key Player in Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4120. [PMID: 38612929 PMCID: PMC11012725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus, long recognized for its roles in protein processing and vesicular trafficking, has recently been identified as a crucial contributor to innate immune signaling pathways. This review discusses our expanding understanding of the Golgi apparatus's involvement in initiating and activating these pathways. It highlights the significance of membrane connections between the Golgi and other organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, endosomes, and autophagosomes. These connections are vital for the efficient transmission of innate immune signals and the activation of effector responses. Furthermore, the article delves into the Golgi apparatus's roles in key immune pathways, including the inflammasome-mediated activation of caspase-1, the cGAS-STING pathway, and TLR/RLR signaling. Overall, this review aims to provide insights into the multifunctional nature of the Golgi apparatus and its impact on innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Mărunţelu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Centre of Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra-Elena Constantinescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-E.C.); (R.-A.C.-B.)
- “Emil Palade” Center of Excellence for Young Researchers (EP-CEYR), Romanian Academy of Scientists (AOSR), 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-E.C.); (R.-A.C.-B.)
| | - Ileana Constantinescu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Centre of Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- “Emil Palade” Center of Excellence for Young Researchers (EP-CEYR), Romanian Academy of Scientists (AOSR), 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists (AOSR), 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Fan Z, Wang X, Cheng H, Pan M. VRK1 promotes DNA-induced type I interferon production. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:453. [PMID: 38536553 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I interferons (IFNs) are an essential class of cytokines with antitumor, antiviral and immunoregulatory effects. However, over-productive the type I IFNs are tightly associated with autoimmune disorders. Thus, the induction of type I interferons is precisely regulated to maintain immune hemostasis. This study aimed to identify a novel regulator of type I interferon signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS Primary BMDMs, isolated from mice, and human cell lines (HEK293 cells, Hela cells) and murine cell line (MEF cells) were cultured to generate in vitro models. After knockdown VRK1, real-time PCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to determine the expression level of the type I IFNs and ISGs following HTDNA and Poly (dA:dT) stimulation. Additionally, cells were treated with the VRK1 inhibitor, and the impact of VRK1 inhibition was detected. Upon HTDNA and Poly (dA:dT) stimulation, knockdown of VRK1 attenuated the induction of the type I IFNs and ISGs. Consistently, VRK-IN-1, a potent and selective VRK1 inhibitor, significantly suppressed the induction of the type I IFNs and ISGs in human and murine cell lines. Further, VRK-IN-1 inhibited induction of the type I IFNs in mouse primary BMDMs. Intriguingly, VRK1 potentiated the cGAS-STING- IFN-I axis response at STING level. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a novel function of VRK1 in regulating the production of type I IFNs. VRK-IN-1 might be a potential lead compound for suppressing aberrant type I IFNs in autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhechen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mingyu Pan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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22
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Avila-Bonilla RG, Macias S. The molecular language of RNA 5' ends: guardians of RNA identity and immunity. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 30:327-336. [PMID: 38325897 PMCID: PMC10946433 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079942.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
RNA caps are deposited at the 5' end of RNA polymerase II transcripts. This modification regulates several steps of gene expression, in addition to marking transcripts as self to enable the innate immune system to distinguish them from uncapped foreign RNAs, including those derived from viruses. Specialized immune sensors, such as RIG-I and IFITs, trigger antiviral responses upon recognition of uncapped cytoplasmic transcripts. Interestingly, uncapped transcripts can also be produced by mammalian hosts. For instance, 5'-triphosphate RNAs are generated by RNA polymerase III transcription, including tRNAs, Alu RNAs, or vault RNAs. These RNAs have emerged as key players of innate immunity, as they can be recognized by the antiviral sensors. Mechanisms that regulate the presence of 5'-triphosphates, such as 5'-end dephosphorylation or RNA editing, prevent immune recognition of endogenous RNAs and excessive inflammation. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the complexity of RNA cap structures and 5'-triphosphate RNAs, highlighting their roles in transcript identity, immune surveillance, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Gamaliel Avila-Bonilla
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FL Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Macias
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FL Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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23
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Marques M, Ramos B, Albuquerque H, Pereira M, Ribeiro DR, Nunes A, Sarabando J, Brás D, Ferreira AR, Vitorino R, Amorim MJ, Silva AM, Soares AR, Ribeiro D. Influenza A virus propagation requires the activation of the unfolded protein response and the accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates. iScience 2024; 27:109100. [PMID: 38405606 PMCID: PMC10884513 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) employs multiple strategies to manipulate cellular mechanisms and support proper virion formation and propagation. In this study, we performed a detailed analysis of the interplay between IAV and the host cells' proteostasis throughout the entire infectious cycle. We reveal that IAV infection activates the inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) branch of the unfolded protein response, and that this activation is important for an efficient infection. We further observed the accumulation of virus-induced insoluble protein aggregates, containing both viral and host proteins, associated with a dysregulation of the host cell RNA metabolism. Our data indicate that this accumulation is important for IAV propagation and favors the final steps of the infection cycle, more specifically the virion assembly. These findings reveal additional mechanisms by which IAV disrupts host proteostasis and uncovers new cellular targets that can be explored for the development of host-directed antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Marques
- Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Ramos
- Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hélio Albuquerque
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marisa Pereira
- Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Roberta Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Nunes
- Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Sarabando
- Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Brás
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Amorim
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Artur M.S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Soares
- Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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24
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von Mässenhausen A, Schlecht MN, Beer K, Maremonti F, Tonnus W, Belavgeni A, Gavali S, Flade K, Riley JS, Zamora Gonzalez N, Brucker A, Becker JN, Tmava M, Meyer C, Peitzsch M, Hugo C, Gembardt F, Angeli JPF, Bornstein SR, Tait SWG, Linkermann A. Treatment with siRNAs is commonly associated with GPX4 up-regulation and target knockdown-independent sensitization to ferroptosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk7329. [PMID: 38489367 PMCID: PMC10942120 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk7329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are widely used in biomedical research and in clinical trials. Here, we demonstrate that siRNA treatment is commonly associated with significant sensitization to ferroptosis, independently of the target protein knockdown. Genetically targeting mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) reversed the siRNA-mediated sensitizing effect, but no activation of canonical MAVS signaling, which involves phosphorylation of IkBα and interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3), was observed. In contrast, MAVS mediated a noncanonical signal resulting in a prominent increase in mitochondrial ROS levels, and increase in the BACH1/pNRF2 transcription factor ratio and GPX4 up-regulation, which was associated with a 50% decrease in intracellular glutathione levels. We conclude that siRNAs commonly sensitize to ferroptosis and may severely compromise the conclusions drawn from silencing approaches in biomedical research. Finally, as ferroptosis contributes to a variety of pathophysiological processes, we cannot exclude side effects in human siRNA-based therapeutical concepts that should be clinically tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne von Mässenhausen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marlena Nastassja Schlecht
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristina Beer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francesca Maremonti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexia Belavgeni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shubhangi Gavali
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karolin Flade
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Joel S. Riley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Biocenter Innsbruck (CCB), Medical University Innsbruck, Division of Developmental Immunology, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadia Zamora Gonzalez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Brucker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jorunn Naila Becker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirela Tmava
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Meyer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Gembardt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jose Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Chair of Translational Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Centre Munich at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen W. G. Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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25
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Schorey JS, Vecchio J, McManus WR, Ongalo J, Webber K. Activation of host nucleic acid sensors by Mycobacterium: good for us or good for them? Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:224-240. [PMID: 38153209 PMCID: PMC10985831 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2294904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Although the importance of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) sensors in controlling viral infection is well established, their role in promoting an effective immune response to pathogens other than viruses is less clear. This is particularly true for infections with mycobacteria, as studies point to both protective and detrimental roles for activation of nucleic acid sensors in controlling a mycobacterial infection. Some of the contradiction likely stems from the use of different model systems and different mycobacterial species/strains as well as from which nucleic acid sensors were studied and what downstream effectors were evaluated. In this review, we will describe the different nucleic acid sensors that have been studied in the context of mycobacterial infections, and how the different studies compare. We conclude with a section on how nucleic acid sensor agonists have been used therapeutically and what further information is needed to enhance their potential as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery S. Schorey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Joseph Vecchio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - William R. McManus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Joshua Ongalo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Kylie Webber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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26
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Silva JDM, Alves CEDC, Pontes GS. Epstein-Barr virus: the mastermind of immune chaos. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1297994. [PMID: 38384471 PMCID: PMC10879370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1297994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen linked to various diseases, including infectious mononucleosis and multiple types of cancer. To control and eliminate EBV, the host's immune system deploys its most potent defenses, including pattern recognition receptors, Natural Killer cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, among others. The interaction between EBV and the human immune system is complex and multifaceted. EBV employs a variety of strategies to evade detection and elimination by both the innate and adaptive immune systems. This demonstrates EBV's mastery of navigating the complexities of the immunological landscape. Further investigation into these complex mechanisms is imperative to advance the development of enhanced therapeutic approaches with heightened efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various mechanisms known to date, employed by the EBV to elude the immune response, while establishing enduring latent infections or instigate its lytic replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Melo Silva
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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27
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. cGLRs Join Their Cousins of Pattern Recognition Receptor Family to Regulate Immune Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1828. [PMID: 38339107 PMCID: PMC10855445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize danger signals such as PAMPs/MAMPs and DAMPs to initiate a protective immune response. TLRs, NLRs, CLRs, and RLRs are well-characterized PRRs of the host immune system. cGLRs have been recently identified as PRRs. In humans, the cGAS/STING signaling pathway is a part of cGLRs. cGAS recognizes cytosolic dsDNA as a PAMP or DAMP to initiate the STING-dependent immune response comprising type 1 IFN release, NF-κB activation, autophagy, and cellular senescence. The present article discusses the emergence of cGLRs as critical PRRs and how they regulate immune responses. We examined the role of cGAS/STING signaling, a well-studied cGLR system, in the activation of the immune system. The following sections discuss the role of cGAS/STING dysregulation in disease and how immune cross-talk with other PRRs maintains immune homeostasis. This understanding will lead to the design of better vaccines and immunotherapeutics for various diseases, including infections, autoimmunity, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
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Lee KY, Craig C, Patel SS. Unraveling blunt-end RNA binding and ATPase-driven translocation activities of the RIG-I family helicase LGP2. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:355-369. [PMID: 38015453 PMCID: PMC10783506 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The RIG-I family helicases, comprising RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2, are cytoplasmic RNA sensors that trigger an antiviral immune response by specifically recognizing foreign RNAs. While LGP2 lacks the signaling domain necessary for immune activation, it plays a vital role in regulating the RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathway. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms underlying this regulation by examining the oligomeric state, RNA binding specificity, and translocation activity of human LGP2 and the impact of ATPase activity. We show that LGP2, like RIG-I, prefers binding blunt-ended double-stranded (ds) RNAs over internal dsRNA regions or RNA overhangs and associates with blunt-ends faster than with overhangs. Unlike RIG-I, a 5'-triphosphate (5'ppp), Cap0, or Cap1 RNA-end does not influence LGP2's RNA binding affinity. LGP2 hydrolyzes ATP in the presence of RNA but at a 5-10 fold slower rate than RIG-I. Nevertheless, LGP2 uses its ATPase activity to translocate and displace biotin-streptavidin interactions. This activity is significantly hindered by a methylated RNA patch, particularly on the 3'-strand, suggesting a 3'-strand tracking mechanism like RIG-I. The preference of LGP2 for blunt-end RNA binding, its insensitivity to Cap0/Cap1 modification, and its translocation/protein displacement ability have substantial implications for how LGP2 regulates the RNA sensing process by MDA5/RIG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School of Rutgers University, 08854, USA
| | - Candice Craig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School of Rutgers University, 08854, USA
| | - Smita S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Xu W, Liu W, Yang J, Lu J, Zhang H, Ye D. Stimuli-responsive nanodelivery systems for amplifying immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:181-198. [PMID: 37403660 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a special pattern of tumor cell death, enabling to elicit tumor-specific immune response via the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and tumor-associated antigens in the tumor microenvironment. ICD-induced immunotherapy holds the promise for completely eliminating tumors and long-term protective antitumor immune response. Increasing ICD inducers have been discovered for boosting antitumor immunity via evoking ICD. Nonetheless, the utilization of ICD inducers remains insufficient owing to serious toxic reactions, low localization efficiency within the tumor microenvironmental niche, etc. For overcoming such limitations, stimuli-responsive multifunctional nanoparticles or nanocomposites with ICD inducers have been developed for improving immunotherapeutic efficiency via lowering toxicity, which represent a prospective scheme for fostering the utilization of ICD inducers in immunotherapy. This review outlines the advances in near-infrared (NIR)-, pH-, redox-, pH- and redox-, or NIR- and tumor microenvironment-responsive nanodelivery systems for ICD induction. Furthermore, we discuss their clinical translational potential. The progress of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles in clinical settings depends upon the development of biologically safer drugs tailored to patient needs. Moreover, an in-depth comprehending of ICD biomarkers, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and ICD inducers may accelerate the advance in smarter multifunctional nanodelivery systems to further amplify ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangrui Liu
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Department of Surgery, ShangNan Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahe Lu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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30
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Ma L, Shen R, Jiao J, Lin X, Zhai B, Xu A, Luo H, Lu L, Shao D. Gasdermin D promotes hyperuricemia-induced renal tubular injury through RIG-I/caspase-1 pathway. iScience 2023; 26:108463. [PMID: 38187191 PMCID: PMC10767184 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells injury is one of the most important pathological features in hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). However, the involvement of gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis in HN remains obscure. We found GSDMD was upregulated in the kidney tissue of HN mice, which was accompanied by the loss of renal function, renal tubular fibrosis, and reduced body weight. These changes in HN mice were inhibited by GSDMD knockout. Knockdown of GSDMD inhibited the high uric acid-induced injury in cultured cells (NRK-52E). Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation showed that RIG-I exist in a complex with caspase-1. Overexpression of RIG-I induced increased expression of caspase-1 protein and caspase-1 activity. Caspase-1 interference significantly reduced the increase of caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production caused by RIG-I overexpression. Knockdown of RIG-I or caspase-1 decreased high uric acid-induced injury in NRK-52E. This work illustrates that targeting the RIG-I/caspase-1/GSDMD may provide potential therapeutic benefits to HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Ma
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchangxi Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ruiqin Shen
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchangxi Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchangxi Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiadong Lin
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchangxi Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Bin Zhai
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchangxi Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Aiping Xu
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchangxi Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchangxi Road, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Limin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Decui Shao
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchangxi Road, Wuhu 241002, China
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31
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Mao H, Lin X, Sun Y. Neddylation Regulation of Immune Responses. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0283. [PMID: 38434245 PMCID: PMC10907026 DOI: 10.34133/research.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Neddylation plays a vital role in post-translational modification, intricately shaping the regulation of diverse biological processes, including those related to cellular immune responses. In fact, neddylation exerts control over both innate and adaptive immune systems via various mechanisms. Specifically, neddylation influences the function and survival of innate immune cells, activation of pattern recognition receptors and GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes pathways, as well as the release of various cytokines in innate immune reactions. Moreover, neddylation also governs the function and survival of antigen-presenting cells, which are crucial for initiating adaptive immune reactions. In addition, neddylation regulates T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, survival, and their effector functions, thereby ensuring an appropriate adaptive immune response. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings in these aspects and delve into the connection between dysregulated neddylation events and immunological disorders, especially inflammatory diseases. Lastly, we propose future directions and potential treatments for these diseases by targeting neddylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mao
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education) of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education) of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health,
Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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32
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Susanto TT, Hung V, Levine AG, Kerr CH, Yoo Y, Chen Y, Oses-Prieto JA, Fromm L, Fujii K, Wernig M, Burlingame AL, Ruggero D, Barna M. RAPIDASH: A tag-free enrichment of ribosome-associated proteins reveals compositional dynamics in embryonic tissues and stimulated macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.07.570613. [PMID: 38106052 PMCID: PMC10723405 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes are emerging as direct regulators of gene expression, with ribosome-associated proteins (RAPs) allowing ribosomes to modulate translational control. However, a lack of technologies to enrich RAPs across many sample types has prevented systematic analysis of RAP number, dynamics, and functions. Here, we have developed a label-free methodology called RAPIDASH to enrich ribosomes and RAPs from any sample. We applied RAPIDASH to mouse embryonic tissues and identified hundreds of potential RAPs, including DHX30 and LLPH, two forebrain RAPs important for neurodevelopment. We identified a critical role of LLPH in neural development that is linked to the translation of genes with long coding sequences. Finally, we characterized ribosome composition remodeling during immune activation and observed extensive changes post-stimulation. RAPIDASH has therefore enabled the discovery of RAPs ranging from those with neuroregulatory functions to those activated by immune stimuli, thereby providing critical insights into how ribosomes are remodeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodorus Theo Susanto
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Victoria Hung
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew G Levine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Craig H Kerr
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yongjin Yoo
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lisa Fromm
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kotaro Fujii
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Barna
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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He Y, Liu J, Miao Y, Liu M, Wu H, Xiao J, Feng H. Black carp LGP2 suppresses RIG-I mediated IFN signaling during the antiviral innate immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109208. [PMID: 37944680 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), a member of retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptors (RLRs), has been reported to play different roles in IFN signaling in both mammals and teleost fish. In our previous study, black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) LGP2 (bcLGP2) has been characterized to positively regulate melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). In this study, knockdown of bcLGP2 decreased the expression of host genes, including bcIFNb, bcPKR, bcMx1, and bcViperin, and also attenuated the antiviral capability of host cells. The relationship between bcLGP2 and black carp RIG-Ib (bcRIG-Ib) has been explored. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR assay indicated that bcLGP2 dampened bcRIG-Ib induced transcription of type I interferons (IFNs) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including PKR, ISG15, and Viperin. Consistently, the plaque assay identified that bcLGP2 attenuated bcRIG-Ib mediated antiviral ability against spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). Co-immunoprecipitation assay identified the interaction between bcLGP2 and bcRIG-Ib, as well as bcLGP2 and bcRIG-Ib-CARD. And bcRIG-Ib-CARD mediated antiviral ability was also attenuated by bcLGP2. Truncation mutation analysis showed DExD/H-box Helicase domain of bcLGP2 possessed a similar inhibitory effect on bcRIG-Ib to that of bcLGP2, while the C-terminus repressor domain (CTD) presented little impact on bcRIG-Ib. Furthermore, bcLGP2 enhanced the K48-linked ubiquitination of bcRIG-Ib, promoting proteasome-dependent degradation of bcRIG-Ib. Thus, our data supported the conclusion that bcLGP2 interacted with and induced degradation of bcRIG-Ib through proteasome, leading to the dampened antiviral signaling mediated by bcRIG-Ib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yujia Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Zhang W, Jiang H, Wu G, Huang P, Wang H, An H, Liu S, Zhang W. The pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in sepsis. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e418. [PMID: 38020710 PMCID: PMC10661353 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as "a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection." At present, sepsis continues to pose a grave healthcare concern worldwide. Despite the use of supportive measures in treating traditional sepsis, such as intravenous fluids, vasoactive substances, and oxygen plus antibiotics to eradicate harmful pathogens, there is an ongoing increase in both the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis during clinical interventions. Therefore, it is urgent to design specific pharmacologic agents for the treatment of sepsis and convert them into a novel targeted treatment strategy. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in sepsis, such as the inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, complement deactivation, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, we highlight important targets involved in sepsis-related regulatory mechanisms, including GSDMD, HMGB1, STING, and SQSTM1, among others. We summarize the latest advancements in potential therapeutic drugs that specifically target these signaling pathways and paramount targets, covering both preclinical studies and clinical trials. In addition, this review provides a detailed description of the crosstalk and function between signaling pathways and vital targets, which provides more opportunities for the clinical development of new treatments for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Honghong Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Pengli Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haonan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huazhasng An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongChina
| | - Sanhong Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of PhytochemistrySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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35
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Cardoso FM, Elias A, Pereira I, Maurício I, Matos O. Improved dsRNA isolation and purification method validated by viral dsRNA detection using novel primers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MethodsX 2023; 11:102435. [PMID: 37876828 PMCID: PMC10591000 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate genomic sequencing demands high-quality double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Existing methods for dsRNA extraction from yeast, fungi, and plants primarily rely on cellulose, suitable only for small volume extractions, or the time-consuming lithium chloride precipitation. To streamline the traditional phenol-chloroform-based dsRNA extraction method, the main challenge is the reduction of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Single Stranded RNA (ssRNA) to no detectable levels after gel electrophoresis. This challenge is successfully addressed through the modified approach described here, involving phenol extraction at low pH, followed by the addition of ammonium sulfate to the aqueous buffer. The dsRNA isolated using this novel method exhibits comparable quality to that obtained through cellulose purification, and it is readily amenable to RT-PCR. Moreover, a single batch of yeast cell RNA isolation requires only 2-3 h of hands-on time, thus simplifying and expediting the process significantly.•Buffers were redesigned from [32,33,35].•No DNASE, Ribonuclease A or beads were used during the purification.•Simple and inexpensive dsRNA extraction and purification method is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M.H. Cardoso
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisboa 1349-008, Portugal
| | | | - Inês Pereira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisboa 1349-008, Portugal
| | - Isabel Maurício
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisboa 1349-008, Portugal
| | - Olga Matos
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisboa 1349-008, Portugal
- Environmental Health Institute, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
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36
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Huang C, Yin Y, Pan P, Huang Y, Chen S, Chen J, Wang J, Xu G, Tao X, Xiao X, Li J, Yang J, Jin Z, Li B, Tong Z, Du W, Liu L, Liu Z. The Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and UBC9 Inhibits MAVS Ubiquitination by Enhancing Its SUMOylation. Viruses 2023; 15:2304. [PMID: 38140545 PMCID: PMC10747396 DOI: 10.3390/v15122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit impaired IFN-I response due to decreased IFN-β production, allowing persistent viral load and exacerbated inflammation. While the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein has been implicated in inhibiting innate immunity by interfering with IFN-β signaling, the specific underlying mechanism still needs further investigation for a comprehensive understanding. This study reveals that the SARS-CoV-2 N protein enhances interaction between the human SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and MAVS. Increased MAVS-UBC9 interaction leads to enhanced SUMOylation of MAVS, inhibiting its ubiquitination, resulting in the inhibition of phosphorylation events involving IKKα, TBK1, and IRF3, thus disrupting IFN-β signaling. This study highlights the role of the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 in modulating the innate immune response by affecting the MAVS SUMOylation and ubiquitination processes, leading to inhibition of the IFN-β signaling pathway. These findings shed light on the complex mechanisms utilized by SARS-CoV-2 to manipulate the host's antiviral defenses and provide potential insights for developing targeted therapeutic strategies against severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yiping Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Pan Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Junkai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Guoqing Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xuan Tao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Zhixiong Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Weixing Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China (J.W.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
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37
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Merritt TN, Pei J, Leung DW. Pathogenicity and virulence of human respiratory syncytial virus: Multifunctional nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2. Virulence 2023:2283897. [PMID: 37964591 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2283897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under the age of two as well as in the elderly and immunocompromised worldwide. Despite its discovery over 60 years ago and the global impact on human health, limited specific and effective prophylactic or therapeutic options have been available for hRSV infections. Part of the lack of treatment options is attributed to the legacy of vaccine failure in the 1960s using a formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV), which led to enhancement of disease post exposure to hRSV infection and hampered subsequent development of vaccine candidates. Recent FDA approval of a vaccine for older adults and impending approval for a maternal vaccine are major advancements but leaves children between 6 months and 5 years of age unprotected. Part of this limitation can be attributed to a lack of complete understanding of the factors that contribute to hRSV pathogenesis. The nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2 are multifunctional virulence factors that are unique to hRSV and that play critical roles during hRSV infection, including antagonizing interferon (IFN) signalling to modulate host responses to hRSV infection. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the nonstructural proteins mediate their IFN inhibitory functions have not been completely defined. Current progress on the characterization of NS1 and NS2 during infection provides deeper insight into their roles. Furthermore, reverse genetics systems for hRSV provide a viable strategy to generate attenuated viruses by introduction of select mutations while maintaining immunogenicity required to elicit a long-term protective response. Here we will review the current state of knowledge of the nonstructural proteins, their contributions to RSV pathogenesis, and their potential as targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy N Merritt
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingjing Pei
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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38
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Qi Z, Zhu L, Wang K, Wang N. PANoptosis: Emerging mechanisms and disease implications. Life Sci 2023; 333:122158. [PMID: 37806654 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PANoptosis, a unique new form of programmed cell death (PCD), is characterized by pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, but it cannot be explained by pyroptosis, apoptosis or necroptosis alone. Assembly of the PANoptosome complex is a key feature of PANoptosis. To date, four kinds of PANoptosomes with distinct sensors and regulators have been defined, namely Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) PANoptosome, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) PANoptosome, receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) PANoptosome, and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor 12 (NLRP12). Each PANoptosome contains three components: sensors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), adaptors as connected bridges, and catalytic effectors or executioners. Mechanistically, different PAMPs or DAMPs are recognized by the sensors in a context-dependent manner, which initiates PANoptosome assembly through adaptors, and ultimately engages synchronous activation of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis via different catalytic effectors. Resultantly, PANoptosis is emerged as a prospective and promising therapeutic target for various diseases. This review covers the accumulating evidence about the roles and mechanisms of PANoptosis in innate immunity and discusses the attractive prospect of manipulating PANoptosis as a new treatment for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kangkai Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Wang W, Götte B, Guo R, Pyle AM. The E3 ligase Riplet promotes RIG-I signaling independent of RIG-I oligomerization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7308. [PMID: 37951994 PMCID: PMC10640585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RIG-I is an essential innate immune receptor that responds to infection by RNA viruses. The RIG-I signaling cascade is mediated by a series of post-translational modifications, the most important of which is ubiquitination of the RIG-I Caspase Recruitment Domains (CARDs) by E3 ligase Riplet. This is required for interaction between RIG-I and its downstream adapter protein MAVS, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. Here we show that Riplet is required for RIG-I signaling in the presence of both short and long dsRNAs, establishing that Riplet activation does not depend upon RIG-I filament formation on long dsRNAs. Likewise, quantitative Riplet-RIG-I affinity measurements establish that Riplet interacts with RIG-I regardless of whether the receptor is bound to RNA. To understand this, we solved high-resolution cryo-EM structures of RIG-I/RNA/Riplet complexes, revealing molecular interfaces that control Riplet-mediated activation and enabling the formulation of a unified model for the role of Riplet in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Benjamin Götte
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Anna Marie Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Felix JDS, Almeida MC, Lopes MFDS, de Athayde FRF, Troiano JA, Scaramele NF, Furlan ADO, Lopes FL. Co-expression analysis suggests lncRNA-mRNA interactions enhance antiviral immune response during acute Chikungunya fever in whole blood of pediatric patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294035. [PMID: 37922302 PMCID: PMC10624317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus is an arbovirus that causes the neglected tropical disease chikungunya fever, common in tropical areas worldwide. There is evidence that arboviruses alter host transcriptome and modulate immune response; this modulation may involve transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms mediated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Herein, we employed bioinformatic analysis to evaluate co-expression of lncRNAs and their putative target mRNAs in whole blood during natural Chikungunya infection in adolescent boys. Sequencing data from GSE99992 was uploaded to the Galaxy web server, where data was aligned with HISAT2, gene counts were estimated with HTSeq-count, and differential expression was run with DESeq2. After gene classification with Biomart, Pearson's correlation was applied to identify potential interactions between lncRNAs and mRNAs, which were later classified into cis and trans according to genomic location (FEELnc) and binding potential (LncTar), respectively. We identified 1,975 mRNAs and 793 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between the acute and convalescent stages of infection in the blood. Of the co-expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, 357 potentially interact in trans and 9 in cis; their target mRNAs enriched pathways related to immune response and viral infections. Out of 52 enriched KEGG pathways, the RIG-I like receptor signaling is enriched by the highest number of target mRNAs. This pathway starts with the recognition of viral pathogens, leading to innate immune response mediated by the production of IFN-I and inflammatory cytokines. Our findings indicate that alterations in lncRNA expression in adolescent boys, induced by acute Chikungunya infection, potentially modulate mRNAs that contribute to antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Souza Felix
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cordeiro Almeida
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda da Silva Lopes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Regina Florencio de Athayde
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Antonini Troiano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Francisco Scaramele
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Furlan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Lombardi Lopes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
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Sauter MM, Noel H, Brandt CR. The RLR intrinsic antiviral system is expressed in neural retina and restricts lentiviral transduction of human Mueller cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109647. [PMID: 37689341 PMCID: PMC10834037 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG)-I-like receptor (RLR) family of RNA sensor proteins plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral nucleic acids, including viral gene delivery vectors, but little is known about the expression of RLR proteins in the retina. The purpose of this study was to characterize cell-specific expression patterns of RLR proteins in non-human primate (NHP) neural retina tissue and to examine if RLR pathway signaling restricts viral gene delivery transduction. Since RLR protein signaling converges at the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), experiments were performed to determine if knockdown of MAVS affected FIVGFP transduction efficiency in the human Mueller cell line MIO-M1. Immunoblotting confirmed expression of RIG-I, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), and MAVS proteins in MIO-M1 cells and NHP retina tissue. Double label immunofluorescence (IF) studies revealed RIG-I, LGP2, and MAVS were expressed in Mueller microglial cells in the NHP retina. In addition, LGP2 and MDA5 proteins were detected in cone and retinal ganglion cells (RGC). MDA5 was also present in a subset of calretinin positive amacrine cells, and in nuclei within the inner nuclear layer (INL). Knockdown of MAVS significantly increased the transduction efficiency of the lentiviral vector FIVGFP in MIO-M1 cells, compared to control cells. FIVGFP or AAVGFP challenge did not alter expression of the LGP2, MAVS, MDA5 or RIG-I genes in MIO-M1 cells or NHP retina tissue compared to media treated controls. Our data demonstrate that innate immune response proteins involved in viral RNA sensing, including MDA5, RIG-I, LGP2, and MAVS, are expressed in several cell types within the NHP neural retina. In addition, the MAVS protein restricts non-human lentiviral transduction efficiency in MIO-M1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Sauter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Hongyu Noel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Curtis R Brandt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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42
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Bormann D, Copic D, Klas K, Direder M, Riedl CJ, Testa G, Kühtreiber H, Poreba E, Hametner S, Golabi B, Salek M, Haider C, Endmayr V, Shaw LE, Höftberger R, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. Exploring the heterogeneous transcriptional response of the CNS to systemic LPS and Poly(I:C). Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106339. [PMID: 37913832 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral contact to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) evokes a systemic innate immune response which is rapidly relayed to the central nervous system (CNS). The remarkable cellular heterogeneity of the CNS poses a significant challenge to the study of cell type and stimulus dependent responses of neural cells during acute inflammation. Here we utilized single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNAseq), serum proteome profiling and primary cell culture methods to systematically compare the acute response of the mammalian brain to the bacterial PAMP lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the viral PAMP polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), at single cell resolution. Our study unveiled convergent transcriptional cytokine and cellular stress responses in brain vascular and ependymal cells and a downregulation of several key mediators of directed blood brain barrier (BBB) transport. In contrast the neuronal response to PAMPs was limited in acute neuroinflammation. Moreover, our study highlighted the dominant role of IFN signalling upon Poly(I:C) challenge, particularly in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage. Collectively our study unveils heterogeneous, shared and distinct cell type and stimulus dependent acute responses of the CNS to bacterial and viral PAMP challenges. Our findings highlight inflammation induced dysregulations of BBB-transporter gene expression, suggesting potential translational implications on drug pharmacokinetics variability during acute neuroinflammation. The pronounced dependency of oligodendrocytes on IFN stimulation during viral PAMP challenges, emphasizes their limited molecular viral response repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bormann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Applied Immunology Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragan Copic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Applied Immunology Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Klas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Applied Immunology Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Direder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Applied Immunology Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria; Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian J Riedl
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulia Testa
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Kühtreiber
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Applied Immunology Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilia Poreba
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Hametner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Salek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Applied Immunology Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmen Haider
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Endmayr
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa E Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik J Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Applied Immunology Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Yu J, Shi H, Song K, Yang Y, Li X, Peng L, Fu B, Yi P. Naringenin Improves Innate Immune Suppression after PRRSV Infection by Reactivating the RIG-I-MAVS Signaling Pathway, Promoting the Production of IFN-I. Viruses 2023; 15:2172. [PMID: 38005850 PMCID: PMC10674737 DOI: 10.3390/v15112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been prevalent for nearly forty years since it was first reported. It has been one of the major diseases jeopardizing the healthy development of the world swine industry, as well as causing great economic losses to the industry's economic development. Furthermore, no way has been found to combat the disease due to the immunosuppressive properties of its pathogen porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. We previously examined the mRNA expression of IFN-I in PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells at different time periods using qRT-PCR, and found that the mRNA expression of IFN-I in the late stage of PRRSV infection showed suppression. Naringenin is a flavonoid found in citrus fruits and has a very wide range of pharmacological activities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the modulatory effect of naringenin on the suppressed innate immune response after PRRSV infection. The expression of IFN-I, IL-10, and ISGs in the late stage of PRRSV infection was examined using qRT-PCR, and the results showed that naringenin improved the expression of antiviral cytokines suppressed by PRRSV infection. Further results showed that naringenin treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of proteins related to the RIG-I-MAV immune signaling pathway, and that naringenin could not significantly activate the RIG-I-MAVS signaling pathway after the addition of the RIG-I inhibitor Cyclo. Overall, these data demonstrated that naringenin could improve the innate immune response suppressed by PRRSV infection by modulating the RIG-I-MAVS signaling pathway. Therefore, our study will provide a theoretical basis for the development of naringenin as a drug against immunosuppressive viral infectious disease infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pengfei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Y.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
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Xu Y, Hou G, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Li C, Hu L, Chen X, Chen R, Ding C, Li D, Li J. Helicase-independent function of RIG-I against murine gammaherpesvirus 68 via blocking the nuclear translocation of viral proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126527. [PMID: 37633553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against viral pathogens. Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene 1 (RIG-I) is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes virus-associated double-stranded RNA and initiates the interferon responses. Besides signal transduction, RIG-I exerts direct antiviral functions to displace viral proteins on dsRNA via its Helicase activity. Nevertheless, this effector-like activity of RIG-I against herpesviruses remains largely unexplored. It has been previously reported that herpesviruses deamidate RIG-I, resulting in the abolishment of its Helicase activity and signal transduction. In this study, we discovered that RIG-I possessed signaling-independent antiviral activities against murine gamma herpesviruses 68 (γHV68, murid herpesvirus 4). Importantly, a Helicase-dead mutant of RIG-I (K270A) demonstrated comparable inhibition on herpesviruses lytic replication, indicating that this antiviral activity is Helicase-independent. Mechanistically, RIG-I bound the Replication and Transcription Activator (RTA) and diminished its nuclear localization to repress viral transcription. We further demonstrated that RIG-I blocked the nuclear translocation of ORF21 (Thymidine Kinase), ORF75c (vGAT), both of which form a nuclear complex with RTA and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to facilitate viral transcription. Moreover, RIG-I retained ORF59 (DNA processivity factor) in the cytoplasm to repress viral DNA replication. Altogether, we illuminated a previously unidentified, Helicase-independent effector-like function of RIG-I against γHV68, representing an exquisite host strategy to counteract viral manipulations on innate immune signaling. IMPORTANCE: Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), a member of DExD/H box RNA helicase family, functions as a key pattern recognition receptor (PRR) responsible for the detection of intracellular double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from virus-infected cells and induction of type I interferon (IFN) responses. Nevertheless, our understanding of the helicase-independent effector-like activity of RIG-I against virus infection, especially herpesvirus infection, remains largely unknown. Herein, by deploying murine gamma herpesviruses 68 (γHV68) as a model system, we demonstrated that RIG-I possessed an interferon and helicase-independent antiviral activity against γHV68 via blocking the nuclear trafficking of viral proteins, which concomitantly repressed the viral early transcription and genome replication thereof. Our work illuminates a previously unidentified antiviral strategy of RIG-I against herpesvirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guoli Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qizhi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chengming Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Deliang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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45
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Bohnsack KE, Yi S, Venus S, Jankowsky E, Bohnsack MT. Cellular functions of eukaryotic RNA helicases and their links to human diseases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:749-769. [PMID: 37474727 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
RNA helicases are highly conserved proteins that use nucleoside triphosphates to bind or remodel RNA, RNA-protein complexes or both. RNA helicases are classified into the DEAD-box, DEAH/RHA, Ski2-like, Upf1-like and RIG-I families, and are the largest class of enzymes active in eukaryotic RNA metabolism - virtually all aspects of gene expression and its regulation involve RNA helicases. Mutation and dysregulation of these enzymes have been linked to a multitude of diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. In this Review, we discuss the regulation and functional mechanisms of RNA helicases and their roles in eukaryotic RNA metabolism, including in transcription regulation, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosome assembly, translation and RNA decay. We highlight intriguing models that link helicase structure, mechanisms of function (such as local strand unwinding, translocation, winching, RNA clamping and displacing RNA-binding proteins) and biological roles, including emerging connections between RNA helicases and cellular condensates formed through liquid-liquid phase separation. We also discuss associations of RNA helicases with human diseases and recent efforts towards the design of small-molecule inhibitors of these pivotal regulators of eukaryotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Soon Yi
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Venus
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Markus T Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Göttingen Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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Ruan P, Wang M, Cheng A, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Tian B, Huang J, Ou X, Gao Q, Sun D, He Y, Wu Z, Zhu D, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M. Mechanism of herpesvirus UL24 protein regulating viral immune escape and virulence. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1268429. [PMID: 37808279 PMCID: PMC10559885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1268429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses have evolved a series of abilities involved in the process of host infection that are conducive to virus survival and adaptation to the host, such as immune escape, latent infection, and induction of programmed cell death for sustainable infection. The herpesvirus gene UL24 encodes a highly conserved core protein that plays an important role in effective viral infection. The UL24 protein can inhibit the innate immune response of the host by acting on multiple immune signaling pathways during virus infection, and it also plays a key role in the proliferation and pathogenicity of the virus in the later stage of infection. This article reviews the mechanism by which the UL24 protein mediates herpesvirus immune escape and its effects on viral proliferation and virulence by influencing syncytial formation, DNA damage and the cell cycle. Reviewing these studies will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of herpesvirus infection and provide evidence for new strategies to combat against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Ruan
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu He
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Niu D, Wu Y, Lian J. Circular RNA vaccine in disease prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:341. [PMID: 37691066 PMCID: PMC10493228 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs are a class of single-stranded RNAs with covalently linked head-to-tail topology. In the decades since its initial discovery, their biogenesis, regulation, and function have rapidly disclosed, permitting a better understanding and adoption of them as new tools for medical applications. With the development of biotechnology and molecular medicine, artificial circRNAs have been engineered as a novel class of vaccines for disease treatment and prevention. Unlike the linear mRNA vaccine which applications were limited by its instability, inefficiency, and innate immunogenicity, circRNA vaccine which incorporate internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) and open reading frame (ORF) provides an improved approach to RNA-based vaccination with safety, stability, simplicity of manufacture, and scalability. However, circRNA vaccines are at an early stage, and their optimization, delivery and applications require further development and evaluation. In this review, we comprehensively describe circRNA vaccine, including their history and superiority. We also summarize and discuss the current methodological research for circRNA vaccine preparation, including their design, synthesis, and purification. Finally, we highlight the delivery options of circRNA vaccine and its potential applications in diseases treatment and prevention. Considering their unique high stability, low immunogenicity, protein/peptide-coding capacity and special closed-loop construction, circRNA vaccine, and circRNA-based therapeutic platforms may have superior application prospects in a broad range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaran Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiqin Lian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
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Du J, Xiao H, Hu Y, Li Z. march2 negatively regulates antiviral immune response by targeting tbk1 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108965. [PMID: 37490971 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp is one of the most economically important fish species. Hemorrhagic diseases caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) can seriously damage the economic yield of grass carp. Therefore, antiviral research on grass carp is urgently needed. Membrane-associated RING-CH2 (MARCH2) negatively regulates the innate immune response in mice. However, little is known about the role of march2 in the antiviral innate immune response in teleost fish. Our present study showed that march2 has high homology in grass carp, its orthologs, and mammals, and has the same amino acid sequence in grass carp and crucian carp. Overexpression of Cimarch2 (Ctenopharyngodon idella march2) significantly inhibited interferon (IFN) activation induced by Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I: C), spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), and GCRV. However, knocking down Cimarch2 enhanced the activation of IFN induced by poly I: C, SVCV, and GCRV. Overexpression of Cimarch2 can promotes viral replication. Mechanistically, Cimarch2 tightly bound to TANK-binding kinase 1 (tbk1) and downregulated tbk1 through the proteasome pathway. Our results demonstrated the potential role of Cimarch2 in the antiviral breeding of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children' s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children' s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiu Hu
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children' s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China.
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50
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Wu W, Zhang W, Alexandar JS, Booth JL, Miller CA, Xu C, Metcalf JP. RIG-I agonist SLR10 promotes macrophage M1 polarization during influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177624. [PMID: 37475869 PMCID: PMC10354434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale A family of short synthetic, triphosphorylated stem-loop RNAs (SLRs) have been designed to activate the retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathway and induce a potent interferon (IFN) response, which may have therapeutic potential. We investigated immune response modulation by SLR10. We addressed whether RIG-I pathway activation with SLR10 leads to protection of nonsmoking (NS) and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice after influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Methods Mice were given 25 µg of SLR10 1 day before IAV infection. We compared the survival rates and host immune responses of NS and CS-exposed mice following challenge with IAV. Results SLR10 significantly decreased weight loss and increased survival rates in both NS and CS-exposed mice during IAV infection. SLR10 administration repaired the impaired proinflammatory response in CS-exposed mice without causing more lung injury in NS mice as assessed by physiologic measurements. Although histopathologic study revealed that SLR10 administration was likely to result in higher pathological scores than untreated groups in both NS and CS mice, this change was not enough to increase lung injury evaluated by lung-to-body weight ratio. Both qRT-PCR on lung tissues and multiplex immunoassay on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) showed that most IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines were expressed at lower levels in SLR10-treated NS mice than control-treaded NS mice at day 5 post infection (p.i.). Remarkably, proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and GM-CSF were increased in CS-exposed mice by SLR10 at day 5 p.i. Significantly, SLR10 elevated the ratio of the two chemokines (CXCL9 and CCL17) in BALFs, suggesting macrophages were polarized to classically activated (M1) status. In vitro testing also found that SLR10 not only stimulated human alveolar macrophage polarization to an M1 phenotype, but also reversed cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced M2 to M1 polarization. Conclusions Our data show that SLR10 administration in mice is protective for both NS and CS-exposed IAV-infected mice. Mechanistically, SLR10 treatment promoted M1 macrophage polarization in the lung during influenza infection. The protective effects by SLR10 may be a promising intervention for therapy for infections with viruses, particularly those with CS-enhanced susceptibility to adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Alexandar
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - J. Leland Booth
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Craig A. Miller
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jordan P. Metcalf
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Pulmonary Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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