1
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Apps R, Biancotto A, Candia J, Kotliarov Y, Perl S, Cheung F, Farmer R, Mulè MP, Rachmaninoff N, Chen J, Martins AJ, Shi R, Zhou H, Bansal N, Schum P, Olnes MJ, Milanez-Almeida P, Han KL, Sellers B, Cortese M, Hagan T, Rouphael N, Pulendran B, King L, Manischewitz J, Khurana S, Golding H, van der Most RG, Dickler HB, Germain RN, Schwartzberg PL, Tsang JS. Acute and persistent responses after H5N1 vaccination in humans. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114706. [PMID: 39235945 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into how an adjuvant impacts vaccination responses, we use systems immunology to study human H5N1 influenza vaccination with or without the adjuvant AS03, longitudinally assessing 14 time points including multiple time points within the first day after prime and boost. We develop an unsupervised computational framework to discover high-dimensional response patterns, which uncover adjuvant- and immunogenicity-associated early response dynamics, including some that differ post prime versus boost. With or without adjuvant, some vaccine-induced transcriptional patterns persist to at least 100 days after initial vaccination. Single-cell profiling of surface proteins, transcriptomes, and chromatin accessibility implicates transcription factors in the erythroblast-transformation-specific (ETS) family as shaping these long-lasting signatures, primarily in classical monocytes but also in CD8+ naive-like T cells. These cell-type-specific signatures are elevated at baseline in high-antibody responders in an independent vaccination cohort, suggesting that antigen-agnostic baseline immune states can be modulated by vaccine antigens alone to enhance future responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Apps
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Julián Candia
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuri Kotliarov
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shira Perl
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Foo Cheung
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rohit Farmer
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew P Mulè
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIH Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UCB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Rachmaninoff
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jinguo Chen
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew J Martins
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rongye Shi
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Huizhi Zhou
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neha Bansal
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paula Schum
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew J Olnes
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Kyu Lee Han
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian Sellers
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario Cortese
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Hagan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Lisa King
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA
| | - Jody Manischewitz
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA
| | | | | | - Ronald N Germain
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John S Tsang
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology, Departments of Immunobiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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2
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Schaler L, Ghanim M, Guardiola J, Kaulsay J, Ibrahim A, Brady G, McCormack W, Conlon N, Kelly VP, Wingfield M, Glover L. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on seminal and systemic inflammation in men. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 164:104287. [PMID: 38964132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Expedited development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines led to public concerns regarding impacts of the novel vaccine on gametes in patients seeking assisted reproduction. In cases of an acute intermittent illness or fever in men, it is often advised to postpone ART treatments so that efforts can be made to enhance wellbeing and improve sperm parameters. However, it is unknown whether sperm parameters are altered in the acute (24-72 hour) phase following COVID-19 vaccination. We performed a longitudinal cohort study of 17 normospermic male patients attending a fertility clinic for semen analysis. Semen and matched peripheral blood samples were collected prior to vaccination, within 46 + 18.9 hours of vaccine course completion (acute) and at 88.4 + 12 days (3 months) post-vaccination. No overall change from baseline was seen in symptoms, mean volume, pH, sperm concentration, motility, morphology or DNA damage in the acute or long phase. Seminal plasma was found to be negative for anti-SARS-CoV2 Spike antibody detection, and MCP-1 levels showed an acute but transient elevation post-vaccine, while IL-8 was marginally increased 3 months after completion of vaccination. A modest, positive correlation was noted between serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and self-reported symptoms post-vaccine. Our findings are reassuring in that no significant adverse effect of vaccination was noted and provide evidence to support the current recommendations of reproductive medicine organisations regarding timing of vaccination during fertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentina Schaler
- Merrion Fertility Clinic, 60 Lower Mount Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; National Maternity Hospital, Holles Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Magda Ghanim
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jordi Guardiola
- Merrion Fertility Clinic, 60 Lower Mount Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Julia Kaulsay
- Merrion Fertility Clinic, 60 Lower Mount Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aya Ibrahim
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James' Hospital Campus, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James' Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Gareth Brady
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James' Hospital Campus, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James' Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - William McCormack
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James' Hospital Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niall Conlon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Immunology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Vincent P Kelly
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary Wingfield
- Merrion Fertility Clinic, 60 Lower Mount Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; National Maternity Hospital, Holles Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Louise Glover
- Merrion Fertility Clinic, 60 Lower Mount Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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3
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Deniz Ö, Ekinci G, Onmaz AC, Derelli FM, Fazio F, Aragona F, Hoven RVD. Monitoring of inflammatory blood biomarkers in foals with Rhodococcus Equi pneumonia during antimicrobial treatment. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 138:105103. [PMID: 38797250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi (R. equi), a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is a common cause of pneumonia in foals and represents a major cause of disease and death. The aim of the present study was to investigate the time-depended changes in White Blood Cells (WBC), basophils (Baso), neutrophils (Neu), lymphocytes (Lymf), monocytes (Mon), eosinophils (Eos), platelet (PLT) counts, fibrinogen (Fbg) concentration, interferon (IFN-α, IFN-γ) and interleukins (IL-2 and IL-10) in foals with clinical R. equi pneumonia. The main treatment was with azithromycin-rifampicin for 14 days. Blood was sampled prior to, 7 and 14 days after starting therapy. Treatment was associated with significantly decreased counts of WBC, (25.6 ± 6.7 and 14.2 ± 2,7 × 103/ml), Neu (18.6 ±6.2 and 10.7 ± 3.1 × 103/ml), Mon (1.5 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.2 × 103/ml) and Fbg (539 ± 124 and 287 ± 26 g/dl) between day 0 and day 14. IL-2 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly increased (P = 0.028, P = 0.013, respectively) after treatment, whereas IFN-α and IFN-γ concentrations were not. The diagnostic potentials of INF-α, INF-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 per se seems not very high, however, the study suggests that the activity change of selected interleukins in the course of the disease may be associated with amelioration. We concluded that patterns of serum concentration changes of INF-α, INF-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 may help in the study of the innate immune response in foals during infection and treatment of R. equi pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Deniz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kastamonu University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 37150, Merkez, Kastaonu, Türkiye
| | - Gencay Ekinci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 38280, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ali Cesur Onmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 38280, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | | | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - René van den Hoven
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Veterinary University of Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Cheng Y, Shen R, Liu F, Li Y, Wang J, Hou Y, Liu Y, Zhou H, Hou F, Wang Y, Li X, Qiao R, Luo S. Humoral and cellular immune responses induced by serogroup W135 meningococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines. Vaccine 2024; 42:2781-2792. [PMID: 38508928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the mechanisms by which W135 meningococcal conjugate (PSW135-TT) activates adaptive immune responses in mice can provide a comprehensive understanding of the immune mechanisms of bacterial polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. We compared B-cell and T-cell immune responses immunized with W135 meningococcal capsular polysaccharides (PSW135), tetanus toxoid (TT) and PSW135-TT in mice. The results showed that PSW135-TT could induce higher PSW135-specific and TT-specific IgG antibodies with a significant enhancement after two doses. All serum antibodies immunized with PSW135- TT had strong bactericidal activity, whereas none of the serum antibodies immunized with PSW135 had bactericidal activity. Besides, IgM and IgG antibodies immunized with PSW135-TT after two doses were positively correlated with the titer of bactericidal antibodies. We also found Th cells favored Th2 humoral immune responses in PSW135-TT, PSW135, and TT-immunized mice, especially peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, PSW135-TT and TT could effectively activate bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promote BMDCs to highly express major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ (MHCⅡ), CD86 and CD40 molecules in mice, whereas PSW135 couldn't. These data verified the typical characteristics of PSW135-TT and TT as T cell dependent antigen (TD-Ag) and PSW135 as T cell independent antigen (TI-Ag), which will be very helpful for further exploration of the immune mechanism of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines and improvement of the quality of bacterial polysaccharide conjugate vaccines in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Cheng
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fanglei Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yali Hou
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Haifei Zhou
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fengping Hou
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yunjin Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Xiongxiong Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ruijie Qiao
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Shuquan Luo
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China.
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5
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Baran J, Kuryk Ł, Szczepińska T, Łaźniewski M, Garofalo M, Mazurkiewicz-Pisarek A, Mikiewicz D, Mazurkiewicz A, Trzaskowski M, Wieczorek M, Pancer K, Hallmann E, Brydak L, Plewczynski D, Ciach T, Mierzejewska J, Staniszewska M. In vitro immune evaluation of adenoviral vector-based platform for infectious diseases. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2023; 104:403-419. [PMID: 38213479 PMCID: PMC10777723 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2023.132775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
New prophylactic vaccine platforms are imperative to combat respiratory infections. The efficacy of T and B memory cell-mediated protection, generated through the adenoviral vector, was tested to assess the effectiveness of the new adenoviral-based platforms for infectious diseases. A combination of adenovirus AdV1 (adjuvant), armed with costimulatory ligands (ICOSL and CD40L), and rRBD (antigen: recombinant nonglycosylated spike protein rRBD) was used to promote the differentiation of T and B lymphocytes. Adenovirus AdV2 (adjuvant), without ligands, in combination with rRBD, served as a control. In vitro T-cell responses to the AdV1+rRBD combination revealed that CD8+ platform-specific T-cells increased (37.2 ± 0.7% vs. 23.1 ± 2.1%), and T-cells acted against SARS-CoV-2 via CD8+TEMRA (50.0 ± 1.3% vs. 36.0 ± 3.2%). Memory B cells were induced after treatment with either AdV1+rRBD (84.1 ± 0.8% vs. 82.3 ± 0.4%) or rRBD (94.6 ± 0.3% vs. 82.3 ± 0.4%). Class-switching from IgM and IgD to isotype IgG following induction with rRBD+Ab was observed. RNA-seq profiling identified gene expression patterns related to T helper cell differentiation that protect against pathogens. The analysis determined signaling pathways controlling the induction of protective immunity, including the MAPK cascade, adipocytokine, cAMP, TNF, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The AdV1+rRBD formulation induced IL-6, IL-8, and TNF. RNA-seq of the VERO E6 cell line showed differences in the apoptosis gene expression stimulated with the platforms vs. mock. In conclusion, AdV1+rRBD effectively generates T and B memory cell-mediated protection, presenting promising results in producing CD8+ platform-specific T cells and isotype-switched IgG memory B cells. The platform induces protective immunity by controlling the Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation gene expression patterns. Further studies are required to confirm its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Baran
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kuryk
- National Institute of Public Health, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Szczepińska
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Łaźniewski
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Diana Mikiewicz
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alina Mazurkiewicz
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Trzaskowski
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Lidia Brydak
- National Institute of Public Health, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Plewczynski
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Monika Staniszewska
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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Asashima H, Kim D, Wang K, Lele N, Buitrago-Pocasangre NC, Lutz R, Cruz I, Raddassi K, Ruff WE, Racke MK, Wilson JE, Givens TS, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Kleinstein SH, Montgomery RR, Shaw AC, Li F, Fan R, Hafler DA, Tomayko MM, Longbrake EE. Prior cycles of anti-CD20 antibodies affect antibody responses after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168102. [PMID: 37606046 PMCID: PMC10543713 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDWhile B cell depletion is associated with attenuated antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, responses vary among individuals. Thus, elucidating the factors that affect immune responses after repeated vaccination is an important clinical need.METHODSWe evaluated the quality and magnitude of the T cell, B cell, antibody, and cytokine responses to a third dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccine in patients with B cell depletion.RESULTSIn contrast with control individuals (n = 10), most patients on anti-CD20 therapy (n = 48) did not demonstrate an increase in spike-specific B cells or antibodies after a third dose of vaccine. A third vaccine elicited significantly increased frequencies of spike-specific non-naive T cells. A small subset of B cell-depleted individuals effectively produced spike-specific antibodies, and logistic regression models identified time since last anti-CD20 treatment and lower cumulative exposure to anti-CD20 mAbs as predictors of those having a serologic response. B cell-depleted patients who mounted an antibody response to 3 vaccine doses had persistent humoral immunity 6 months later.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that serial vaccination strategies can be effective for a subset of B cell-depleted patients.FUNDINGThe NIH (R25 NS079193, P01 AI073748, U24 AI11867, R01 AI22220, UM 1HG009390, P01 AI039671, P50 CA121974, R01 CA227473, U01CA260507, 75N93019C00065, K24 AG042489), NIH HIPC Consortium (U19 AI089992), the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (CA 1061-A-18, RG-1802-30153), the Nancy Taylor Foundation for Chronic Diseases, Erase MS, and the Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center at Yale (P30 AG21342).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Neurology, and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nikhil Lele
- Department of Neurology, and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Rachel Lutz
- Department of Neurology, and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Isabella Cruz
- Department of Neurology, and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Khadir Raddassi
- Department of Neurology, and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - William E. Ruff
- Department of Neurology, and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Repertoire Immune Medicines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Albert C. Shaw
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Fangyong Li
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David A. Hafler
- Department of Neurology, and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mary M. Tomayko
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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7
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Choi JP, Ayoub G, Ham J, Huh Y, Choi SE, Hwang YK, Noh JY, Kim SH, Song JY, Kim ES, Chang YS. Exercise With a Novel Digital Device Increased Serum Anti-influenza Antibody Titers After Influenza Vaccination. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e18. [PMID: 37179746 PMCID: PMC10166655 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that some exercise could enhance the anti-viral antibody titers after vaccination including influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. We developed SAT-008, a novel digital device, consists of physical activities and activities related to the autonomic nervous system. We assessed the feasibility of SAT-008 to boost host immunity after an influenza vaccination by a randomized, open-label, and controlled study on adults administered influenza vaccines in the previous year. Among 32 participants, the SAT-008 showed a significant increase in the anti-influenza antibody titers assessed by hemagglutination-inhibition test against antigen subtype B Yamagata lineage after 4 wk of vaccination and subtype B Victoria lineage after 12 wk (p<0.05). There was no difference in the antibody titers against subtype "A." The SAT-008 also showed significant increase in the plasma cytokine levels of IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-6 at weeks 4 and 12 after the vaccination (p<0.05). A new approach using the digital device may boost host immunity against virus via vaccine adjuvant-like effects. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04916145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Pyo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | | | - Jarang Ham
- S-Alpha Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul 06628, Korea
| | | | | | - Yu-Kyoung Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea
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The effects of Covid-19 mRNA vaccine on adolescence gynecological well-being. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:1625-1631. [PMID: 36871101 PMCID: PMC9985514 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-06981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Menstruation of adolescent girls might be influenced by Covid-19 mRNA vaccine, however, the ovarian reserve estimated by AMH is not compromised. BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine causes menstrual abnormalities which led to concerns regarding its influence on the reproductive system. This study aims to investigate the influence of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine on gynecologic well-being and future fertility of adolescent girls. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study conducted at a university affiliated medical center between June and July 2021. Adolescent girls aged 12-16 years who were vaccinated by two Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccines (21 days apart) were included in the study. All participants completed a computerized questionnaire regarding their general medical and gynecological background at recruitment and 3 months later. Blood samples were collected for AMH levels before and 3 months following the first mRNA vaccine RESULTS: The study group consisted of 35 girls, and of them, follow-up was completed by questionnaire and AMH sampling in 35 (90%) and 22 (56%) girls, respectively. Among the 22/35 girls who reported regular menstruation before vaccination, seven (31.8%) experienced irregularities post-vaccination. Four of the eight pre-menarche girls included in the study reported on menarche on follow-up. Median AMH levels were 3.09 (IQR 1.96-4.82) μg/L and 2.96 (2.21-4.73) μg/L at baseline and after 3 months, respectively (p = 0.07). After controlling for age, BMI and presentation of side effects, no association was demonstrated to the change in AMH levels (AMH2-AMH1). CONCLUSIONS Although menstruation of adolescent girls might be influenced by Covid-19 mRNA vaccine, it seems that the ovarian reserve estimated by AMH is not compromised. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION National Institutes of Health (NCT04748172).
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Tang W, Xie H, Ye Z, Eick-Cost AA, Scheckelhoff M, Gustin CE, Bream JH, Plant EP. Post-vaccination serum cytokines levels correlate with breakthrough influenza infections. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1174. [PMID: 36670200 PMCID: PMC9857916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-vaccination cytokine levels from 256 young adults who subsequently suffered breakthrough influenza infections were compared with matched controls. Modulation within the immune system is important for eliciting a protective response, and the optimal response differs according to vaccine formulation and delivery. For both inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) lower levels of IL-8 were observed in post-vaccination sera. Post-vaccination antibody levels were higher and IFN-γ levels were lower in IIV sera compared to LAIV sera. Subjects who suffered breakthrough infections after IIV vaccination had higher levels of sCD25 compared to the control group. There were differences in LAIV post-vaccination interleukin levels for subjects who subsequently suffered breakthrough infections, but these differences were masked in subjects who received concomitant vaccines. Wide variances, sex-based differences and confounders such as concomitant vaccines thwart the establishment of specific cytokine responses as a correlate of protection, but our results provide real world evidence that the status of the immune system following vaccination is important for successful vaccination and subsequent protection against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichun Tang
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Disease, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Disease, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Zhiping Ye
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Disease, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Angelia A Eick-Cost
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mark Scheckelhoff
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Courtney E Gustin
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jay H Bream
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ewan P Plant
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Disease, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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10
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Lessans N, Rottenstreich A, Stern S, Gilan A, Saar TD, Porat S, Dior UP. The effect of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine on menstrual cycle symptoms in healthy women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 160:313-318. [PMID: 35856178 PMCID: PMC9349849 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine on women's menstrual cycle. METHODS In this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study, we assessed menstrual pattern and changes in women who completed the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine 3 months before and after receiving the vaccine. Included were women aged 18-50 years without known gynecologic comorbidities who regularly monitor their menstruation through electronic calendars. All participants competed a detailed questionnaire on their menstrual symptoms including information on any irregular bleeding. To minimize bias, each woman served as a self-control before and after vaccination. Primary outcome was rate of irregular bleeding following vaccination and secondary outcome was presence of any menstrual change, including irregular bleeding, mood changes, or dysmenorrhea following the vaccine. RESULTS A total of 219 women met the inclusion critieria. Of them, 51 (23.3%) experienced irregular bleeding following the vaccine. Almost 40% (n = 83) of study participants reported any menstrual change following vaccination. Parity was positively asssociated with irregular bleeding with 26 (50%) of those suffering from irregular bleeding being multiparous compared with only 53 (31.5%) of women with no irregular bleeding (nulliparous 46% vs 60%, multiparous 50% vs 31%, rest 4% vs 8%, P = 0.049). The presence of medical comorbidities was also significantly higher among patients who experienced irregular bleeding (20.0% vs 6.0%, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our study shows relatively high rates of irregular bleeding and menstrual changes after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and to better characterize the magnitude of change and any possible long-term implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Lessans
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Amihai Rottenstreich
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shira Stern
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Adi Gilan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Tal D. Saar
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shay Porat
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Uri P. Dior
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
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11
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Peng P, Deng H, Li Z, Chen Y, Fang L, Hu J, Wu K, Xue J, Wang D, Liu B, Long Q, Chen J, Wang K, Tang N, Huang AL. Distinct immune responses in the early phase to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5691-5701. [PMID: 35906179 PMCID: PMC9353276 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses elicited by viral infection or vaccination play key roles in the viral elimination and the prevention of reinfection, as well as the protection of healthy persons. As one of the most widely used Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, there have been increasing concerns about the necessity of additional doses of inactivated vaccines, due to the waning immune response several months after vaccination. To further optimize inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, we compared immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 elicited by natural infection and immunization with inactivated vaccines in the early phase. We observed the lower antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins in the early phase of postvaccination with a slow increase, compared to the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection. Specifically, IgA antibodies have the most significant differences. Moreover, we further analyzed cytokine expression between these two groups. A wide variety of cytokines presented high expression in the infected individuals, while a few cytokines were elicited by inactivated vaccines. The differences in antibody responses and cytokine levels between natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination with the inactivated vaccines may provide implications for the optimization of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the additional application of serological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Health management center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjiang Xue
- University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanxin Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Balmert SC, Ghozloujeh ZG, Carey CD, Williams LH, Zhang J, Shahi P, Amer M, Sumpter TL, Erdos G, Korkmaz E, Falo LD. A microarray patch SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces sustained antibody responses and polyfunctional cellular immunity. iScience 2022; 25:105045. [PMID: 36062075 PMCID: PMC9425707 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable global immunization campaigns against COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases require effective, broadly deployable vaccines. Here, we report a dissolvable microarray patch (MAP) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that targets the immunoresponsive skin microenvironment, enabling efficacious needle-free immunization. Multicomponent MAPs delivering both SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit antigen and the TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C) induce robust antibody and cellular immune responses systemically and in the respiratory mucosa. MAP vaccine-induced antibodies bind S1 and the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, efficiently neutralize the virus, and persist at high levels for more than a year. The MAP platform reduces systemic toxicity of the delivered adjuvant and maintains vaccine stability without refrigeration. When applied to human skin, MAP vaccines activate skin-derived migratory antigen-presenting cells, supporting the feasibility of human translation. Ultimately, this shelf-stable MAP vaccine improves immunogenicity and safety compared to traditional intramuscular vaccines and offers an attractive alternative for global immunization efforts against a range of infectious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Balmert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Cara Donahue Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Li’an H. Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Preeti Shahi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Maher Amer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tina L. Sumpter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Geza Erdos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Emrullah Korkmaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Louis D. Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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13
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Garrido-Suárez BB, Garrido-Valdes M, Garrido G. Reactogenic sleepiness after COVID-19 vaccination. A hypothesis involving orexinergic system linked to inflammatory signals. Sleep Med 2022; 98:79-86. [PMID: 35792321 PMCID: PMC9212783 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global healthcare crisis that has led to morbidity and mortality on an unprecedented scale. While studies on COVID-19 vaccines are ongoing, the knowledge about the reactogenic symptoms that can occur after vaccination and its generator mechanisms can be critical for healthcare professionals to improve compliance with the future vaccination campaign. Because sleep and immunity are bidirectionally linked, sleepiness or sleep disturbance side effects reported after some of the COVID-19 vaccines advise an academic research line in the context of physiological or pathological neuroimmune interactions. On the recognized basis of inflammatory regulation of hypothalamic neurons in sickness behavior, we hypothesized that IL-1β, INF-γ and TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit orexinergic neurons promoting sleepiness after peripheral activation of the innate immune system induced by the novel COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, based on knowledge of previous vaccines and disease manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it also suggests that narcolepsy must be included as potential adverse events of particular interest to consider in pharmacovigilance studies.
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14
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Zhang Z, Jiang Z, Deng T, Zhang J, Liu B, Liu J, Qiu R, Zhang Q, Li X, Nian X, Hong Y, Li F, Peng F, Zhao W, Xia Z, Huang S, Liang S, Chen J, Li C, Yang X. Preclinical immunogenicity assessment of a cell-based inactivated whole-virion H5N1 influenza vaccine. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1282-1295. [PMID: 36249527 PMCID: PMC9518664 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In influenza vaccine development, Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells provide multiple advantages, including large-scale production and egg independence. Several cell-based influenza vaccines have been approved worldwide. We cultured H5N1 virus in a serum-free MDCK cell suspension. The harvested virus was manufactured into vaccines after inactivation and purification. The vaccine effectiveness was assessed in the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products BSL2 facility. The pre- and postvaccination mouse serum titers were determined using the microneutralization and hemagglutination inhibition tests. The immunological responses induced by vaccine were investigated using immunological cell classification, cytokine expression quantification, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) subtype classification. The protective effect of the vaccine in mice was evaluated using challenge test. Antibodies against H5N1 in rats lasted up to 8 months after the first dose. Compared with those of the placebo group, the serum titer of vaccinated mice increased significantly, Th1 and Th2 cells were activated, and CD8+ T cells were activated in two dose groups. Furthermore, the challenge test showed that vaccination reduced the clinical symptoms and virus titer in the lungs of mice after challenge, indicating a superior immunological response. Notably, early after vaccination, considerably increased interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) levels were found, indicating improved vaccine-induced innate immunity. However, IP-10 is an adverse event marker, which is a cause for concern. Overall, in the case of an outbreak, the whole-virion H5N1 vaccine should provide protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhegang Zhang
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- National Institute of Food and Drug Control , Beijing , 100050 , China
| | - Tao Deng
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Bo Liu
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Jing Liu
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Ran Qiu
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Xuedan Li
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Xuanxuan Nian
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Yue Hong
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Fang Li
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Feixia Peng
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Zhiwu Xia
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Shihe Huang
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | | | - Jinhua Chen
- Viral Vaccines Research and Development Department 2, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
| | - Changgui Li
- National Institute of Food and Drug Control , Beijing , 100050 , China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combination Vaccines, China National Biotec Group , Wuhan , 430207 , China
- China National Biotec Group , Beijing , 100029 , China
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Increased Production of Inflammatory Cytokines after Inoculation with Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081339. [PMID: 36016227 PMCID: PMC9413309 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of patients with zoster were reported recently, and recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix®) was licensed using the AS01B adjuvant system. Although it induces highly effective protection, a high incidence of local adverse events (regional pain, erythema, and swelling) has been reported with systemic reactions of fever, fatigue, and headache. To investigate the mechanism of local adverse events, cytokine profiles were investigated in mice injected with 0.1 mL of Shingrix®. Muscle tissue and serum samples were obtained on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7, and at 2 and 4 weeks after the first dose. The second dose was given 4 weeks after the first dose and samples were obtained on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14. IL-6 and G-CSF were detected in muscle tissues on day 1 of the first injection, decreased on day 3 and afterward, and enhanced production was demonstrated on day 1 of the second dose. In sera, the elevated levels of IL-6 were detected on day 1 of the first dose, and IL-10 was detected on day 1 with increased levels on day 3 of the first dose. IL-4 was detected in muscle tissue on day 1 of the second dose and IL-5 on day 1 of both the first and second doses. IFN-γ production was not enhanced in muscle tissue but increased in serum samples on day 1 of the first dose. These results in the mouse model indicate that the induction of inflammatory cytokines is related to the cause of adverse events in humans.
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16
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Lee KMN, Junkins EJ, Luo C, Fatima UA, Cox ML, Clancy KBH. Investigating trends in those who experience menstrual bleeding changes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7201. [PMID: 35857495 PMCID: PMC9286513 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Early in 2021, many people began sharing that they experienced unexpected menstrual bleeding after SARS-CoV-2 inoculation. We investigated this emerging phenomenon of changed menstrual bleeding patterns among a convenience sample of currently and formerly menstruating people using a web-based survey. In this sample, 42% of people with regular menstrual cycles bled more heavily than usual, while 44% reported no change after being vaccinated. Among respondents who typically do not menstruate, 71% of people on long-acting reversible contraceptives, 39% of people on gender-affirming hormones, and 66% of postmenopausal people reported breakthrough bleeding. We found that increased/breakthrough bleeding was significantly associated with age, systemic vaccine side effects (fever and/or fatigue), history of pregnancy or birth, and ethnicity. Generally, changes to menstrual bleeding are not uncommon or dangerous, yet attention to these experiences is necessary to build trust in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M. N. Lee
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eleanor J. Junkins
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Chongliang Luo
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Urooba A. Fatima
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Maria L. Cox
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn B. H. Clancy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Minakshi R, Rahman S, Ayaggari A, Dutta D, Shankar A. Understanding the Trauma of Menstrual Irregularity After COVID Vaccination: A Bird's-Eye View of Female Immunology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906091. [PMID: 35769462 PMCID: PMC9234113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricacies in various signaling routes involved in the menstrual cycle can be impacted by internal as well as external stimuli, and the role of stress, be it physical, psychological, or social, in disturbing the process could be debilitating for a woman. The global endeavor of vaccination rose to protect individuals from the severity of COVID-19, but a conjunction of a short-lived menace of menstrual disturbance in the female population came out as an unsettling side effect. An understanding of the immunological panorama in the female reproductive tract (FRT) becomes important to fathom this issue. The close-knit microenvironment in the FRT shows active microbiota in the lower FRT, but the latest findings are ascertaining the presence of low-biomass microbiota in the upper FRT as well. Concerted signaling, wherein inflammation becomes an underlying phenomenon, results when a stressor elicits molecules of the inflammatory cascade. Learning lessons from the gut microbiota, we need to address the exploration of how FRT microbiota would impose inflammation by manipulating the immune response to vaccines. Since there is a prominent sex bias in the immune response to infectious diseases in women and men, the role of sex hormones and cortisol becomes important. The treatment regimen may be considered differently in women who also consider their ovarian cycle phases. Women exert robust immune response to antigenic encounters via cell-mediated and humoral arms. The inclusion of women in vaccine trials has been marginalized over the years, which resulted in unwanted high dosage administration of vaccines in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Minakshi
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Munshi Singh College, Bhim Rao (BR) Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Archana Ayaggari
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Durgashree Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, Jan Nayak Chaudhary Devilal Dental College, Sirsa, India
| | - Abhishek Shankar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Yu HJ, Thijssen E, Brummelen E, Plas JL, Radanovic I, Moerland M, Hsieh E, Groeneveld GJ, Dodart J. A Randomized First‐in‐Human Study With UB‐312, a UBITh® α‐Synuclein Peptide Vaccine. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1416-1424. [PMID: 35426173 PMCID: PMC9545051 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α‐Synuclein (αSyn) is believed to play a central role in Parkinson's disease (PD) neuropathology and is considered a target for disease modification. UB‐312 is a synthetic αSyn peptide conjugated to a T helper peptide and is expected to induce antibodies specifically against oligomeric and fibrillar αSyn, making UB‐312 a potential immunotherapeutic for synucleopathies. Objective To investigate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of UB‐312 vaccination in healthy participants and to determine a safe and immunologically optimal dose for the first‐in‐patient study. Methods Fifty eligible healthy participants were enrolled in a 44‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study. Participants in seven cohorts were randomized to three intramuscular UB‐312 or placebo injections at weeks 1, 5, and 13 (doses ranging between 40 and 2000 μg). Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse events, clinical laboratory, vital signs, electrocardiograms, and neurological and physical examinations. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti‐αSyn antibody concentrations. Results Twenty‐three participants received all three vaccinations of UB‐312. Most adverse events were mild, transient, and self‐resolving. Common treatment‐emergent adverse events included headache, nasopharyngitis, vaccination‐site pain, lumbar puncture‐site pain, and fatigue. UB‐312 induced dose‐ and time‐dependent antibody production. Antibodies were detectable in serum and CSF of all participants receiving the 300/300/300 μg UB‐312 dose regimen. The average CSF/serum ratio was 0.2%. Conclusions UB‐312 was generally safe, well tolerated, and induced anti‐αSyn antibodies in serum and CSF of healthy participants. The 100 and 300 μg doses are selected for further evaluation in participants with PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Thijssen
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | - Johan L. Plas
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands
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Funakoshi Y, Yakushijin K, Ohji G, Hojo W, Sakai H, Takai R, Nose T, Ohata S, Nagatani Y, Koyama T, Kitao A, Nishimura M, Imamura Y, Kiyota N, Harada K, Tanaka Y, Mori Y, Minami H. Safety and Immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 in patients undergoing chemotherapy for solid cancer. J Infect Chemother 2021; 28:516-520. [PMID: 35090826 PMCID: PMC8716153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Although COVID-19 severity in cancer patients is high, the safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients undergoing chemotherapy for solid cancers in Japan have not been reported. Methods We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of BNT162b2 in 41 patients undergoing chemotherapy for solid cancers and in healthy volunteers who received 2 doses of BNT162b2. We evaluated serum IgG antibody titers for S1 protein by ELISA at pre-vaccination, prior to the second dose and 14 days after the second vaccination in 24 cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy (CC group), 17 cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI group) and 12 age-matched healthy volunteers (HV group). Additionally, inflammatory cytokine levels were compared between the HV and ICI groups at pre and the next day of each vaccination. Results Anti-S1 antibody levels were significantly lower in the ICI and CC groups than in the HV group after the second dose (median optimal density: 0.241 [0.063–1.205] and 0.161 [0.07–0.857] vs 0.644 [0.259–1.498], p = 0.0024 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Adverse effect profile did not differ among the three groups, and no serious adverse event occurred. There were no differences in vaccine-induced inflammatory cytokines between the HV and ICI groups. Conclusion Although there were no significant differences in adverse events in three groups, antibody titers were significantly lower in the ICI and CC groups than in the HV group. Further protection strategies should be considered in cancer patients undergoing CC or ICI.
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Zheng Y, Xing HY, Zhu ZG, Zhu HH, Zhang F, Gao X, Gao J, Hu Q, Fang Y. Identification of sensitive indicators in immune response for leprosy affected patients: An observational clinical study of safety and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26744. [PMID: 34397815 PMCID: PMC8341344 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cured leprosy patients have special physical conditions, which could pose challenges for safety and immunogenicity after immunization. We performed an observational clinical study aimed to identify the safety and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in cured leprosy patients. A total of 65 participants from a leprosarium were recruited into leprosy cured group or control group, and received a 0.5 ml dose of the inactivated split-virion trivalent influenza vaccine and a follow-up 28 days proactive observation of any adverse events. Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test was performed to evaluate serum antibody titer, flow cytometry was conducted to screen of cytokines level. The total rate of reactogenicity was 0.0% [0/41] in leprosy cured group and 37.5% [9/24] in control group. The seroconversion rate for H1N1 was difference between leprosy cured group and control group (41.83% vs 79.17%, P = .0082), but not for H3N2 (34.25% vs 50.00%, P = .4468). At day 0, leprosy cured group have relatively high concentration of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-γ, and interleukin-17 compared to control group. The interleukin-2 concentration increased 2 weeks after vaccination compared to pre-vaccination in leprosy cured group, but declined in control group (0.92 pg/ml vs -0.02 pg/ml, P = .0147). Leprosy cured group showed a more rapid down-regulation of interleukin-6 when influenza virus was challenged compared to control group (-144.38 pg/ml vs -11.52 pg/ml, P < .0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the immunization administration declined interleukin-17 concentration in Tuberculoid type subgroup, but not in Lepromatous type subgroup or control group. Clinically cured leprosy patients are relatively safe for influenza vaccine. Leprosy cured patient have immune deficit in producing antibody. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 were 2 sensitive indicators in immune response for leprosy affected patients. The identification of indicators might be help management of leprosy and used as predictive markers in leprosy early symptom monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Leprosy, Wuhan Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-yi Xing
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Zhu
- Department of Immunization, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhu
- Department of Immunization, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Leprosy, Wuhan Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Leprosy, Wuhan Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Leprosy, Wuhan Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Hu
- Department of Leprosy, Wuhan Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Transcriptomic Profiling of Dromedary Camels Immunised with a MERS Vaccine Candidate. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8080156. [PMID: 34437478 PMCID: PMC8402689 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infects dromedary camels and zoonotically infects humans, causing a respiratory disease with severe pneumonia and death. With no approved antiviral or vaccine interventions for MERS, vaccines are being developed for camels to prevent virus transmission into humans. We have previously developed a chimpanzee adenoviral vector-based vaccine for MERS-CoV (ChAdOx1 MERS) and reported its strong humoral immunogenicity in dromedary camels. Here, we looked back at total RNA isolated from whole blood of three immunised dromedaries pre and post-vaccination during the first day; and performed RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis in order to shed light on the molecular immune responses following a ChAdOx1 MERS vaccination. Our finding shows that a number of transcripts were differentially regulated as an effect of the vaccination, including genes that are involved in innate and adaptive immunity, such as type I and II interferon responses. The camel Bcl-3 and Bcl-6 transcripts were significantly upregulated, indicating a strong activation of Tfh cell, B cell, and NF-κB pathways. In conclusion, this study gives an overall view of the first changes in the immune transcriptome of dromedaries after vaccination; it supports the potency of ChAdOx1 MERS as a potential camel vaccine to block transmission and prevent new human cases and outbreaks.
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22
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Tu P, Tian R, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Ling L, Li H, Chen D. Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus. Chin Med 2020; 15:128. [PMID: 33349263 PMCID: PMC7750395 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infections induced by influenza viruses, as well as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic induced by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to acute lung injury (ALI) and multi organ failure, during which traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) played an important role in treatment of the pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Indigo Naturalis on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice. Method The anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract of Indigo Naturalis (INAE) were evaluated in vitro. BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with IAV (H1N1) were treated intragastrically with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg/day) 2 h later for 4 or 7 days. Animal lifespan and mortality were recorded. Expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were evaluated through immunohistological staining. Inflammatory cytokines were also monitored by ELISA. Result INAE inhibited virus replication on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The results showed that oral administration of 160 mg/kg of INAE significantly improved the lifespan (P < 0.01) and survival rate of IAV infected mice, improved lung injury and lowered viral replication in lung tissue (P < 0.01). Treatment with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) significantly increased liver weight and liver index (P < 0.05), as well as weight and organ index of thymus and spleen at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were reduced by INAE administration (P < 0.05). The expression of HMGB-1 and TLR4 in lung tissue were also suppressed. The increased production of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) in lung tissue were inhibited by INAE treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with INAE reduced the high levels of interferon α (IFN-α), interferon β (IFN-β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES), interferon induced protein-10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05), with increased production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results showed that INAE alleviated IAV induced ALI in mice. The mechanisms of INAE were associated with its anti-influenza, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. Indigo Naturalis might have clinical potential to treat ALI induced by IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ling
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Coffey MJ, McKay IR, Doumit M, Chuang S, Adams S, Stelzer-Braid S, Waters SA, Kasparian NA, Thomas T, Jaffe A, Katz T, Ooi CY. Evaluating the Alimentary and Respiratory Tracts in Health and disease (EARTH) research programme: a protocol for prospective, longitudinal, controlled, observational studies in children with chronic disease at an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033916. [PMID: 32295774 PMCID: PMC7200033 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions of childhood can have long-lasting physical, psychosocial and economic effects on children and their families. Alterations in diet and intestinal and respiratory microbiomes may have important implications for physical and psychosocial health. Diet influences the intestinal microbiome and should be considered when exploring disease-specific alterations. The concepts of gut-brain and gut-lung axes provide novel perspectives for examining chronic childhood disease(s). We established the 'Evaluating the Alimentary and Respiratory Tracts in Health and disease' (EARTH) research programme to provide a structured, holistic evaluation of children with chronic gastrointestinal and/or respiratory conditions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The EARTH programme provides a framework for a series of prospective, longitudinal, controlled, observational studies (comprised of individual substudies), conducted at an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital (the methodology is applicable to other settings). Children with a chronic gastrointestinal and/or respiratory condition will be compared with age and gender matched healthy controls (HC) across a 12-month period. The following will be collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months: (i) stool, (ii) oropharyngeal swab/sputum, (iii) semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, (iv) details of disease symptomatology, (v) health-related quality of life and (vi) psychosocial factors. Data on the intestinal and respiratory microbiomes and diet will be compared between children with a condition and HC. Correlations between dietary intake (energy, macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients), intestinal and respiratory microbiomes within each group will be explored. Data on disease symptomatology, quality of life and psychosocial factors will be compared between condition and HC cohorts.Results will be hypothesis-generating and direct future focussed studies. There is future potential for direct translation into clinical care, as diet is a highly modifiable factor. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval: Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/18/SCHN/26). Results will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04071314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Coffey
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Isabelle R McKay
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Doumit
- Department of Physiotherapy, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra Chuang
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Adams
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick & Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sacha Stelzer-Braid
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre®, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadine A Kasparian
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cincinnati Children's Center for Heart Disease and the Developing Mind, Heart Institute and the Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center & Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre & Department of Respiratory, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamarah Katz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre & Department of Respiratory, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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Development of a Combined Genetic Engineering Vaccine for Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae by a Baculovirus Expression System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184425. [PMID: 31505747 PMCID: PMC6770761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are the main pathogens for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) and post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), respectively. Infection by these pathogens often happens together and causes great economic losses. In this study, a kind of recombinant baculovirus that can display P97R1P46P42 chimeric protein of Mhp and the capsid (Cap) protein of PCV2 was developed, and the protein location was identified. Another recombinant baculovirus was constructed without tag proteins (EGFP, mCherry) and was used to evaluate the immune effect in experiments with BALB/c mice and domestic piglets. Antigen proteins P97R1P46P42 and Cap were expressed successfully; both were anchored on the plasma membrane of cells and the viral envelope. It should be emphasized that in piglet immunization, the recombinant baculovirus vaccine achieved similar immunological effects as the mixed commercial vaccine. Both the piglet and mouse experiments showed that the recombinant baculovirus was able to induce humoral and cellular responses effectively. The results of this study indicate that this recombinant baculovirus is a potential candidate for the further development of more effective combined genetic engineering vaccines against MPS and PMWS. This experiment also provides ideas for vaccine development for other concomitant diseases using the baculovirus expression system.
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Martin JM, Avula R, Nowalk MP, Lin CJ, Horne WT, Chandran UR, Nagg JP, Zimmerman RK, Cole KS, Alcorn JF. Inflammatory Mediator Expression Associated With Antibody Response Induced by Live Attenuated vs Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine in Children. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy277. [PMID: 30515427 PMCID: PMC6262113 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reasons for differences in vaccine effectiveness between live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) are not clear. METHODS Blood samples were obtained before vaccination and at days 7 and 21 postvaccination with 2015-2016 quadrivalent IIV or LAIV. Serologic response to the vaccine was measured by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Targeted RNA sequencing and serum cytokine analysis were performed. Paired analyses were used to determine gene expression and were compared between IIV and LAIV recipients. Classification And Regression Trees analysis (CART) identified the strongest associations with vaccine response. RESULTS Forty-six enrollees received IIV, and 25 received LAIV. The mean age was 11.5 (±3.7) years. Seroconversion with IIV was associated with changes in expression of PRKRA and IFI6. Nonseroconversion for both IIV and LAIV was characterized by increased interferon-stimulated gene expression. Seroprotection with both vaccines was associated with altered expression of CXCL2 and CD36. For LAIV, CART showed that changes in expression of CD80, CXCL2, and CASP1 were associated with seroprotection. Serum cytokines showed that IIV seroconversion was associated with decreased CCL3. LAIV seroprotection tracked with decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ. CONCLUSIONS Distinct markers of seroconversion and seroprotection against IIV and LAIV were identified using immunophenotyping and CART analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Raghunandan Avula
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Patricia Nowalk
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chyongchiou Jeng Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William T Horne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Uma R Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer P Nagg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard K Zimmerman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly S Cole
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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26
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Stacey HD, Barjesteh N, Mapletoft JP, Miller MS. "Gnothi Seauton": Leveraging the Host Response to Improve Influenza Virus Vaccine Efficacy. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6020023. [PMID: 29649134 PMCID: PMC6027147 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against the seasonal influenza virus is the best way to prevent infection. Nevertheless, vaccine efficacy remains far from optimal especially in high-risk populations such as the elderly. Recent technological advancements have facilitated rapid and precise identification of the B and T cell epitopes that are targets for protective responses. While these discoveries have undoubtedly brought the field closer to "universal" influenza virus vaccines, choosing the correct antigen is only one piece of the equation. Achieving efficacy and durability requires a detailed understanding of the diverse host factors and pathways that are required for attaining optimal responses. Sequencing technologies, systems biology, and immunological studies have recently advanced our understanding of the diverse aspects of the host response required for vaccine efficacy. In this paper, we review the critical role of the host response in determining efficacious responses and discuss the gaps in knowledge that will need to be addressed if the field is to be successful in developing new and more effective influenza virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah D Stacey
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Neda Barjesteh
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Jonathan P Mapletoft
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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