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Zhang C, De Meester L, Stoks R. Rapid evolution of consumptive and non-consumptive predator effects on prey population densities, bioenergetics and stoichiometry. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:906-917. [PMID: 38807348 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Predators can strongly influence prey populations not only through consumptive effects (CE) but also through non-consumptive effects (NCE) imposed by predation risk. Yet, the impact of NCE on bioenergetic and stoichiometric body contents of prey, traits that are shaping life histories, population and food web dynamics, is largely unknown. Moreover, the degree to which NCE can evolve and can drive evolution in prey populations is rarely studied. A 6-week outdoor mesocosm experiment with Caged-Fish (NCE) and Free-Ranging-Fish (CE and NCE) treatments was conducted to quantify and compare the effects of CE and NCE on population densities, bioenergetic and stoichiometric body contents of Daphnia magna, a keystone species in freshwater ecosystems. We tested for evolution of CE and NCE by using experimental populations consisting of D. magna clones from two periods of a resurrected natural pond population: a pre-fish period without fish and a high-fish period with high predation pressure. Both Caged-Fish and Free-Ranging-Fish treatments decreased the body size and population densities, especially in Daphnia from the high-fish period. Only the Free-Ranging-Fish treatment affected bioenergetic variables, while both the Caged-Fish and Free-Ranging-Fish treatments shaped body stoichiometry. The effects of CE and NCE were different between both periods indicating their rapid evolution in the natural resurrected population. Both the Caged-Fish and Free-Ranging-Fish treatments changed the clonal frequencies of the experimental Daphnia populations of the pre-fish as well as the high-fish period, indicating that not only CE but also NCE induced clonal sorting, hence rapid evolution during the mesocosm experiment in both periods. Our results demonstrate that CE as well as NCE have the potential to change not only the body size and population density but also the bioenergetic and stoichiometric characteristics of prey populations. Moreover, we show that these responses not only evolved in the studied resurrected population, but that CE and NCE also caused differential rapid evolution in a time frame of 6 weeks (ca. four to six generations). As NCE can evolve as well as can drive evolution, they may play an important role in shaping eco-evolutionary dynamics in predator-prey interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luc De Meester
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Prater C, Phan T, Elser JJ, Jeyasingh PD. Understanding stoichiometric constraints on growth using resource use efficiency imbalances. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319022121. [PMID: 38683986 PMCID: PMC11087777 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319022121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth is a function of the net accrual of resources by an organism. Energy and elemental contents of organisms are dynamically linked through their uptake and allocation to biomass production, yet we lack a full understanding of how these dynamics regulate growth rate. Here, we develop a multivariate imbalance framework, the growth efficiency hypothesis, linking organismal resource contents to growth and metabolic use efficiencies, and demonstrate its effectiveness in predicting consumer growth rates under elemental and food quantity limitation. The relative proportions of carbon (%C), nitrogen (%N), phosphorus (%P), and adenosine triphosphate (%ATP) in consumers differed markedly across resource limitation treatments. Differences in their resource composition were linked to systematic changes in stoichiometric use efficiencies, which served to maintain relatively consistent relationships between elemental and ATP content in consumer tissues and optimize biomass production. Overall, these adjustments were quantitatively linked to growth, enabling highly accurate predictions of consumer growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay Prater
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK74078
| | - Tin Phan
- T-6, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Research Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87545
| | - James J. Elser
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT59860
- Ecology and Evolution Program, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT59812
| | - Punidan D. Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK74078
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3
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Zhou A, Ge B, Chen S, Kang D, Wu J, Zheng Y, Ma H. Leaf ecological stoichiometry and anatomical structural adaptation mechanisms of Quercus sect. Heterobalanus in southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:325. [PMID: 38658813 PMCID: PMC11040857 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the dramatic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the increase in altitude in the Pliocene, the environment became dry and cold, thermophilous plants that originally inhabited ancient subtropical forest essentially disappeared. However, Quercus sect. Heterobalanus (QSH) have gradually become dominant or constructive species distributed on harsh sites in the Hengduan Mountains range in southeastern QTP, Southwest China. Ecological stoichiometry reveals the survival strategies plants adopt to adapt to changing environment by quantifying the proportions and relationships of elements in plants. Simultaneously, as the most sensitive organs of plants to their environment, the structure of leaves reflects of the long-term adaptability of plants to their surrounding environments. Therefore, ecological adaptation mechanisms related to ecological stoichiometry and leaf anatomical structure of QSH were explored. In this study, stoichiometric characteristics were determined by measuring leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents, and morphological adaptations were determined by examining leaf anatomical traits with microscopy. RESULTS Different QSH life forms and species had different nutrient allocation strategies. Leaves of QSH plants had higher C and P and lower N contents and higher N and lower P utilization efficiencies. According to an N: P ratio threshold, the growth of QSH species was limited by N, except that of Q. aquifolioides and Q. longispica, which was limited by both N and P. Although stoichiometric homeostasis of C, N, and P and C: N, C: P, and N: P ratios differed slightly across life forms and species, the overall degree of homeostasis was strong, with strictly homeostatic, homeostatic, and weakly homeostatic regulation. In addition, QSH leaves had compound epidermis, thick cuticle, developed palisade tissue and spongy tissue. However, leaves were relatively thin overall, possibly due to leaf leathering and lignification, which is strategy to resist stress from UV radiation, drought, and frost. Furthermore, contents of C, N, and P and stoichiometric ratios were significantly correlated with leaf anatomical traits. CONCLUSIONS QSH adapt to the plateau environment by adjusting the content and utilization efficiencies of C, N, and P elements. Strong stoichiometric homeostasis of QSH was likely a strategy to mitigate nutrient limitation. The unique leaf structure of the compound epidermis, thick cuticle, well-developed palisade tissue and spongy tissue is another adaptive mechanism for QSH to survive in the plateau environment. The anatomical adaptations and nutrient utilization strategies of QSH may have coevolved during long-term succession over millions of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Bairuixue Ge
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Dingxu Kang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China.
| | - Huancheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China.
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4
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Buseva ZF, Farahani SG, Razlutskij VI, Sysova EA, Maisak NN, Myagkova KV, Frost PC. Stoichiometry and planktonic communities structure in littoral and pelagic zones of two lakes with different trophic types in Belarus. DOKLADY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF BELARUS 2023. [DOI: 10.29235/1561-8323-2022-66-6-595-604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric C : N : P ratios were compared between primary producers in littoral and pelagic ecosystems of mesotrophic relatively shallow lake Obsterno and shallow macrophyte covered low trophic lake Nobisto from May to October over the next two years. Elemental seston ratios of lake Obsterno revealed smaller differences between littoral and pelagic zones in comparison with lake Nobisto in 2017. During the studied period, in the both lakes, the seston C : N and C : P ratios were higher than the Redfield ratio (106 : 16 : 1 C : N : P) on most dates and N : P was always more than 16. Pelagic C : P and N : P ratios in lake Obsterno were the highest in May in 2017, July and September in 2018 with significant differences between littoral and pelagic zones. N : P ratios decreased in October but there were no significant differences among habitats. In lake Nobisto in 2018, seston C : P and N : P ratios increased from May to July in littoral and pelagic zones but then decreased in September to October. Our research shows differences in stoichiometric ratios in littoral and pelagic zones of these two lakes, which indicates food quality (seston C : N : P ratios) differences for zooplankton species depending on season and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zh. F. Buseva
- Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources
| | - Sh. G. Farahani
- Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources
| | - V. I. Razlutskij
- Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources
| | - E. A. Sysova
- Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources
| | - N. N. Maisak
- Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources
| | - K. V. Myagkova
- Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources
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5
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Thomas PK, Kunze C, Van de Waal DB, Hillebrand H, Striebel M. Elemental and biochemical nutrient limitation of zooplankton: A meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2776-2792. [PMID: 36223425 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary consumers in aquatic ecosystems are frequently limited by the quality of their food, often expressed as phytoplankton elemental and biochemical composition. However, the effects of these food quality indicators vary across studies, and we lack an integrated understanding of how elemental (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus) and biochemical (e.g. fatty acid, sterol) limitations interactively influence aquatic food webs. Here, we present the results of a meta-analysis using >100 experimental studies, confirming that limitation by N, P, fatty acids, and sterols all have significant negative effects on zooplankton performance. However, effects varied by grazer response (growth vs. reproduction), specific manipulation, and across taxa. While P limitation had greater effects on zooplankton growth than fatty acids overall, P and fatty acid limitation had equal effects on reproduction. Furthermore, we show that: nutrient co-limitation in zooplankton is strong; effects of essential fatty acid limitation depend on P availability; indirect effects induced by P limitation exceed direct effects of mineral P limitation; and effects of nutrient amendments using laboratory phytoplankton isolates exceed those using natural field communities. Our meta-analysis reconciles contrasting views about the role of various food quality indicators, and their interactions, for zooplankton performance, and provides a mechanistic understanding of trophic transfer in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Thomas
- Plankton Ecology Lab, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kunze
- Plankton Ecology Lab, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Helmut Hillebrand
- Plankton Ecology Lab, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Maren Striebel
- Plankton Ecology Lab, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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6
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Lescano MN, Quintero C, Farji‐Brener AG, Balseiro E. Excessive nutrient input induces an ecological cost for aphids by modifying their attractiveness towards mutualist ants. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. N. Lescano
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Hormigas (LIHO), INIBIOMA (CONICET‐UNComa), Bariloche Argentina
| | - C. Quintero
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET‐UNComa), Bariloche Argentina
| | - A. G. Farji‐Brener
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Hormigas (LIHO), INIBIOMA (CONICET‐UNComa), Bariloche Argentina
| | - E. Balseiro
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA (CONICET‐UNComa), Bariloche Argentina
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7
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Feniova IY, Sakharova EG, Krylov AV. Transfer of Essential Substances from Phytoplankton to Zooplankton in Freshwater Ecosystems (Review). CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425522040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Wagner ND, Simmons DBD, Prater C, Frost PC. Proteome changes in an aquatic invertebrate consumer in response to different nutritional stressors. Oecologia 2022; 199:329-341. [PMID: 35661252 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient imbalances in zooplankton are caused by the differences in elemental content of producers and the demand for elements in consumers, which alter the life-history traits in consumers. Changes in life-history traits are mediated through metabolic pathways that affect gene expression and the metabolome. However, less is known about proteomic changes to elemental-limitation in zooplankton. Here, we grew Daphnia pulex under high food quantity and quality (HF), low food quantity (LF), and phosphorus (P)-limited (PL) diets for six days and measured growth, elemental composition, and the proteome. Daphnids in both LF and PL diets grew less. Animals in LF diets had less carbon (C), while daphnids in PL diets had less P compared to HF fed animals. In total, we identified 1719 proteins that were used in a partial least squares regression discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Focusing on a subset of the proteome, the PLS-DA resulted in a clear separation between animals fed HF diets and PL and LF diets. Many proteome changes in nutrient-limited diets are associated with growth, reproduction, lipid metabolism, and nutrient assimilation. Regardless of the limiting nutrient, there were less hemoglobin and small subunit processome component proteins compared to HF fed animals. Daphnids fed LF diets had less vitellogenin fused superoxide dismutase and more lipid-droplet hydrolase, whereas Daphnia fed PL diets had higher abundances of cytochrome P450 and serine protease. Our proteome results compliment other "omic" studies that could be used to study Daphnia physiology in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Wagner
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA.
| | | | - Clay Prater
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Paul C Frost
- Department of Biology, Tent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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9
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Liu K, Ng HYT, Gao Z, Liu H. Selective Feeding of a Mixotrophic Dinoflagellate (Lepidodinium sp.) in Response to Experimental Warming and Inorganic Nutrient Imbalance. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:805306. [PMID: 35516439 PMCID: PMC9063636 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.805306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixotrophic protists are widely observed in the aquatic ecosystems, while how they respond to inorganic nutrient imbalance and ocean warming remains understudied. We conducted a series of experiments on a mixotrophic dinoflagellate Lepidodinium sp. isolated from subtropical coastal waters to investigate the combined effect of temperature and medium nitrate to phosphate ratio (N:P ratio) on the ingestion activities of mixotrophic protists. We found Lepidodinium sp. displayed selective feeding behaviour with a higher ingestion rate on high-N prey (N-rich Rhodomonas salina) when the ambient inorganic N:P ratio was equal to or below the Redfield ratio. The Chesson selectivity index α increased with increasing temperature, suggesting that warming exacerbated the selective feeding of Lepidodinium sp. Under inorganic nitrogen sufficient conditions (N:P ratio = 64), no selective feeding was observed at 25 and 28°C, while it occurs at 31°C, which also indicates that warming alters the feeding behaviour of Lepidodinium sp. In addition, our results revealed that the total ingestion rate of Lepidodinium sp. under the condition with normal inorganic nutrients (Redfield ratio) was significantly lower than that under nutrient-imbalanced conditions, which indicates that Lepidodinium sp. developed compensatory feeding to balance their cellular stoichiometry and satisfy their growth. Our study is the first attempt on revealing the selective feeding behaviours of mixotrophic protists on prey under different inorganic nutrient environments and rising temperatures, which will contribute to our understanding of the response of marine plankton food web to projected climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Liu
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Herrick Yin-To Ng
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zuyuan Gao
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbin Liu,
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10
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Feniova IY, Sakharova EG, Gladyshev MI, Sushchik NN, Gorelysheva ZI, Karpowicz M. Effect of Fish on the Transfer Efficiency of Carbon, PUFA, and Nutrients from Phytoplankton to Zooplankton under Eutrophic Conditions. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021080070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Fan J, Liu T, Liao Y, Li Y, Yan Y, Lu X. Distinguishing Stoichiometric Homeostasis of Soil Microbial Biomass in Alpine Grassland Ecosystems: Evidence From 5,000 km Belt Transect Across Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:781695. [PMID: 34925425 PMCID: PMC8675581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The biogeographic characteristics of soil microbial biomass stoichiometry homeostasis and also its mechanisms are commonly thought to be key factors for the survival strategies and resource utilization of soil microbes under extreme habitat. In this work, we conducted a 5,000-km transect filed survey in alpine grassland across Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 2015 to measure soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) across alpine steppe and meadow. Based on the differences of climate and soil conditions between alpine steppe and meadow, the variation coefficient was calculated to investigate the homeostatic degree of MBC to MBN. Furthermore, the "trade-off" model was utilized to deeply distinguish the homeostasis degree of MBC/MBN between alpine steppe and meadow, and the regression analysis was used to explore the variability of trade-off in response to environmental factors in the alpine grassland. The results showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) of MBC/MBN in alpine meadow (CV = 0.4) was lower than alpine steppe (CV = 0.7). According to the trade-off model, microbial turnover activity of soil N relative to soil C increased rapidly and then decreased slightly with soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), and soil water content across alpine meadow. Nevertheless, in alpine steppe, SOC/STN had a positive effect on microbial turnover of soil N. These results suggested that water, heat, and soil nutrients availability were the key factors affecting the C:N stoichiometry homeostasis of soil microbial biomass in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP)'s alpine grassland. Since the difference of survival strategy of the trade-off demands between soil C and N resulting in different patterns and mechanism, the stoichiometry homeostasis of soil microbial biomass was more stable in alpine meadow than in alpine steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Fan
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiying Li
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyang Lu
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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12
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Xu Z, Li Y, Li M, Liu H. Transcriptomic response of Daphnia magna to nitrogen- or phosphorus-limited diet. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11009-11019. [PMID: 34429898 PMCID: PMC8366849 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of nutrient-imbalanced diet on the growth and fitness of zooplankton were widely reported as key issues to aquatic ecology. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving the physiological changes of zooplankton under nutrient stress.In this study, we investigated the physiological fitness and transcriptomic response of Daphnia magna when exposed to nitrogen (N)-limited or phosphorus (P)-limited algal diet (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) compared to regular algae (N and P saturated).D. magna showed higher ingestion rates and overexpression of genes encoding digestive enzymes when fed with either N-limited or P-limited algae, reflecting the compensatory feeding. Under P-limitation, both growth rate and reproduction rate of D. magna were greatly reduced, which could be attributed to the downregulated genes within the pathways of cell cycle and DNA replication. Growth rate of D. magna under N-limitation was similar to normal group, which could be explained by the high methylation level (by degradation of methionine) supporting the body development.Phenotypic changes of D. magna under nutrient stress were explained by gene and pathway regulations from transcriptome data. Generally, D. magna invested more on growth under N-limitation but kept maintenance (e.g., cell structure and defense to external stress) in priority under P-limitation. Post-translational modifications (e.g., methylation and protein folding) were important for D. magna to deal with nutrient constrains.This study reveals the fundamental mechanisms of zooplankton in dealing with elemental imbalanced diet and sheds light on the transfer of energy and nutrient in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Xu
- SZU‐HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental ScienceShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of Ocean ScienceThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonChina
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome EngineeringInstitute for Advanced StudyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yingdong Li
- Department of Ocean ScienceThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonChina
| | - Meng Li
- SZU‐HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental ScienceShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome EngineeringInstitute for Advanced StudyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Ocean ScienceThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonChina
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)GuangzhouChina
- Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina
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13
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Demi LM, Taylor BW, Reading BJ, Tordoff MG, Dunn RR. Understanding the evolution of nutritive taste in animals: Insights from biological stoichiometry and nutritional geometry. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8441-8455. [PMID: 34257909 PMCID: PMC8258225 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major conceptual gap in taste biology is the lack of a general framework for understanding the evolution of different taste modalities among animal species. We turn to two complementary nutritional frameworks, biological stoichiometry theory and nutritional geometry, to develop hypotheses for the evolution of different taste modalities in animals. We describe how the attractive tastes of Na-, Ca-, P-, N-, and C-containing compounds are consistent with principles of both frameworks based on their shared focus on nutritional imbalances and consumer homeostasis. Specifically, we suggest that the evolution of multiple nutritive taste modalities can be predicted by identifying individual elements that are typically more concentrated in the tissues of animals than plants. Additionally, we discuss how consumer homeostasis can inform our understanding of why some taste compounds (i.e., Na, Ca, and P salts) can be either attractive or aversive depending on concentration. We also discuss how these complementary frameworks can help to explain the evolutionary history of different taste modalities and improve our understanding of the mechanisms that lead to loss of taste capabilities in some animal lineages. The ideas presented here will stimulate research that bridges the fields of evolutionary biology, sensory biology, and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M. Demi
- Department of Applied EcologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Brad W. Taylor
- Department of Applied EcologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | | | | | - Robert R. Dunn
- Department of Applied EcologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- Center for Evolutionary HologenomicsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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14
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Li T, Sun J, Fu Z. Halophytes Differ in Their Adaptation to Soil Environment in the Yellow River Delta: Effects of Water Source, Soil Depth, and Nutrient Stoichiometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675921. [PMID: 34140965 PMCID: PMC8204056 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Delta is water, salt, and nutrient limited and hence the growth of plants depend on the surrounding factors. Understanding the water, salt, and stoichiometry of plants and soil systems from the perspective of different halophytes is useful for exploring their survival strategies. Thus, a comprehensive investigation of water, salt, and stoichiometry characteristics in different halophytes and soil systems was carried out in this area. Results showed that the oxygen isotopes (δ18O) of three halophytes were significantly different (P < 0.05). Phragmites communis primarily used rainwater and soil water, while Suaeda salsa and Limonium bicolor mainly used soil water. The contributions of rainwater to three halophytes (P. communis, S. salsa, and L. bicolor) were 50.9, 9.1, and 18.5%, respectively. The carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis showed that P. communis had the highest water use efficiency, followed by S. salsa and L. bicolor. Na+ content in the aboveground and underground parts of different halophytes was all followed an order of S. salsa > L. bicolor > P. communis. C content and N:P in leaves of P. communis and N content of leaves in L. bicolor were significantly positively correlated with Na+. Redundancy analysis (RDA) between plants and each soil layer showed that there were different correlation patterns in the three halophytes. P. communis primarily used rainwater and soil water with low salt content in 60-80 cm, while the significant correlation indexes of C:N:P stoichiometry between plant and soil were mainly in a 20-40 cm soil layer. In S. salsa, the soil layer with the highest contribution of soil water and the closest correlation with the C:N:P stoichiometry of leaves were both in 10-20 cm layers, while L. bicolor were mainly in 40-80 cm soil layers. So, the sources of soil water and nutrient of P. communis were located in different soil layers, while there were spatial consistencies of soils in water and nutrient utilization of S. salsa and L. bicolor. These results are beneficial to a comprehensive understanding of the adaptability of halophytes in the Yellow River Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jingkuan Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhanyong Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
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15
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Daly AB, Jilling A, Bowles TM, Buchkowski RW, Frey SD, Kallenbach CM, Keiluweit M, Mooshammer M, Schimel JP, Grandy AS. A holistic framework integrating plant-microbe-mineral regulation of soil bioavailable nitrogen. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 2021; 154:211-229. [PMID: 34759436 PMCID: PMC8570341 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-021-00793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Soil organic nitrogen (N) is a critical resource for plants and microbes, but the processes that govern its cycle are not well-described. To promote a holistic understanding of soil N dynamics, we need an integrated model that links soil organic matter (SOM) cycling to bioavailable N in both unmanaged and managed landscapes, including agroecosystems. We present a framework that unifies recent conceptual advances in our understanding of three critical steps in bioavailable N cycling: organic N (ON) depolymerization and solubilization; bioavailable N sorption and desorption on mineral surfaces; and microbial ON turnover including assimilation, mineralization, and the recycling of microbial products. Consideration of the balance between these processes provides insight into the sources, sinks, and flux rates of bioavailable N. By accounting for interactions among the biological, physical, and chemical controls over ON and its availability to plants and microbes, our conceptual model unifies complex mechanisms of ON transformation in a concrete conceptual framework that is amenable to experimental testing and translates into ideas for new management practices. This framework will allow researchers and practitioners to use common measurements of particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) to design strategic organic N-cycle interventions that optimize ecosystem productivity and minimize environmental N loss. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10533-021-00793-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. Daly
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Andrea Jilling
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | - Timothy M. Bowles
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - Serita D. Frey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | | | - Marco Keiluweit
- School of Earth & Sustainability and Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Joshua P. Schimel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - A. Stuart Grandy
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824 USA
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16
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Frenken T, Paseka R, González AL, Asik L, Seabloom EW, White LA, Borer ET, Strauss AT, Peace A, Van de Waal DB. Changing elemental cycles, stoichiometric mismatches, and consequences for pathogens of primary producers. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Frenken
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen the Netherlands
- Great Lakes Inst. for Environmental Research (GLIER), Univ. of Windsor Windsor ON Canada
| | - Rachel Paseka
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Univ. of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | | | - Lale Asik
- Dept of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers Univ. Camden NJ USA
| | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Great Lakes Inst. for Environmental Research (GLIER), Univ. of Windsor Windsor ON Canada
| | - Lauren A. White
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), Univ. of Maryland Annapolis MD USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Great Lakes Inst. for Environmental Research (GLIER), Univ. of Windsor Windsor ON Canada
| | - Alex T. Strauss
- Great Lakes Inst. for Environmental Research (GLIER), Univ. of Windsor Windsor ON Canada
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Univ. of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Angela Peace
- Dept of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech Univ. Lubbock TX USA
| | - Dedmer B. Van de Waal
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen the Netherlands
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17
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Carfora K, Forgoston E, Billings L, Krumins JA. Seasonal effects on the stoichiometry of microbes, primary production, and nutrient cycling. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-020-00500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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18
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Peace A, Frost PC, Wagner ND, Danger M, Accolla C, Antczak P, Brooks BW, Costello DM, Everett RA, Flores KB, Heggerud CM, Karimi R, Kang Y, Kuang Y, Larson JH, Mathews T, Mayer GD, Murdock JN, Murphy CA, Nisbet RM, Pecquerie L, Pollesch N, Rutter EM, Schulz KL, Scott JT, Stevenson L, Wang H. Stoichiometric Ecotoxicology for a Multisubstance World. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Nutritional and contaminant stressors influence organismal physiology, trophic interactions, community structure, and ecosystem-level processes; however, the interactions between toxicity and elemental imbalance in food resources have been examined in only a few ecotoxicity studies. Integrating well-developed ecological theories that cross all levels of biological organization can enhance our understanding of ecotoxicology. In the present article, we underline the opportunity to couple concepts and approaches used in the theory of ecological stoichiometry (ES) to ask ecotoxicological questions and introduce stoichiometric ecotoxicology, a subfield in ecology that examines how contaminant stress, nutrient supply, and elemental constraints interact throughout all levels of biological organization. This conceptual framework unifying ecotoxicology with ES offers potential for both empirical and theoretical studies to deepen our mechanistic understanding of the adverse outcomes of chemicals across ecological scales and improve the predictive powers of ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Peace
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States
| | - Paul C Frost
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole D Wagner
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
| | | | - Chiara Accolla
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | | | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
| | - David M Costello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States
| | - Rebecca A Everett
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kevin B Flores
- Department of Mathematics and the Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - Christopher M Heggerud
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roxanne Karimi
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Yun Kang
- Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona, United States
| | - Yang Kuang
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - James H Larson
- US Geological Survey's Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Teresa Mathews
- Environmental Sciences Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Gregory D Mayer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States
| | - Justin N Murdock
- Department of Biology, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Cheryl A Murphy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Roger M Nisbet
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Laure Pecquerie
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzane, France
| | - Nathan Pollesch
- University of Wisconsin's Aquatic Sciences Center and with the US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, United States
| | - Erica M Rutter
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States
| | - Kimberly L Schulz
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York's College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - J Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
| | - Louise Stevenson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; with the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; and with the Department of Biological Sciences at Bowling Green State University, in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Du B, Yuan J, Ji H, Yin S, Kang H, Liu C. Body Size Plasticity of Weevil Larvae (Curculio davidi) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Its Stoichiometric Relationship With Different Hosts. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2021; 21:2. [PMID: 33394047 PMCID: PMC7780276 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Parasites obtain energy and nutrients from the host, and their body size is also usually limited by host size. However, the regulatory mechanisms that control the plasticity of parasite body sizes and the stoichiometric relationships with their hosts remain unclear. Here we investigated the concentrations of 14 elements (C, H, O, N, P, S, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in the acorns of three oak species (Quercus spp.), in their endoparasitic weevil (Curculio davidi Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae and in the larval feces, and the weight of weevil larvae within different hosts in a warm-temperate zone of China. Our results showed that the three acorn species exhibited significant differences in C, H, O, P, K, Mg, and Mn concentrations. However, in the weevil larvae, only P, Mn, and C:P ratio revealed significant differences. Weevil larvae preferentially absorbed and retained N, Zn, Na, and P, whereas Mn, K, Ca, and O were passively absorbed and transported. The weevil larvae weight was associated with acorn stoichiometry, and positively correlated with acorn size. Weevil larvae P decreased, but Mn and C:P increased with their weight, implying highly variable in somatic stoichiometry are coupled with the plasticity of body size. Interestingly, weevil larvae weight was negatively correlated with acorn infection rate, indicating small-size parasitic insects might have higher fitness level in parasite-host systems than larger-size ones. Our results suggest that variation in P, Mn, and C:P in parasites may play critical roles in shaping their body size and in improving their fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Huawei Ji
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhang Kang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Minhang, Shanghai, China
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20
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Jones CLC, Shafer ABA, Kim WD, Prater C, Wagner ND, Frost PC. The complexity of co-limitation: nutrigenomics reveal non-additive interactions of calcium and phosphorus on gene expression in Daphnia pulex. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202302. [PMID: 33352081 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lakes across Canada and northern Europe have experienced declines in ambient phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) supply for over 20 years. While these declines might create or exacerbate nutrient limitation in aquatic food webs, our ability to detect and quantify different types of nutrient stress on zooplankton remains rudimentary. Here, we used growth bioassay experiments and whole transcriptome RNAseq, collectively nutrigenomics, to examine the nutritional phenotypes produced by low supplies of P and Ca separately and together in the freshwater zooplankter Daphnia pulex. We found that daphniids in all three nutrient-deficient categories grew slower and differed in their elemental composition. Our RNAseq results show distinct responses in singly limited treatments (Ca or P) and largely a mix of these responses in animals under low Ca and P conditions. Deeper investigation of effect magnitude and gene functional annotations reveals this patchwork of responses to cumulatively represent a co-limited nutritional phenotype. Linear discriminant analysis identified a significant separation between nutritional treatments based upon gene expression patterns with the expression patterns of just five genes needed to predict animal nutritional status with 99% accuracy. These data reveal how nutritional phenotypes are altered by individual and co-limitation of two highly important nutritional elements (Ca and P) and provide evidence that aquatic consumers can respond to limitation by more than one nutrient at a time by differentially altering their metabolism. This use of nutrigenomics demonstrates its potential to address many of the inherent complexities in studying interactions between multiple nutritional stressors in ecology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona L C Jones
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada K9K 0A7
| | - Aaron B A Shafer
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada K9K 0A7.,Department of Forensic Science, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada K9K 0A7
| | - Clay Prater
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Nicole D Wagner
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Paul C Frost
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Nissen BD, Bendik NF. Effects of Season, Gravidity, and Streamflow on Body Condition from Tail Width in Two Federally Listed Salamanders, Eurycea sosorum and E. tonkawae. HERPETOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-76.4.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D. Nissen
- City of Austin Watershed Protection Department, 505 Barton Springs Road, 11th Floor, Austin, TX 78704, USA
| | - Nathan F. Bendik
- City of Austin Watershed Protection Department, 505 Barton Springs Road, 11th Floor, Austin, TX 78704, USA
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22
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Camenzind T, Philipp Grenz K, Lehmann J, Rillig MC. Soil fungal mycelia have unexpectedly flexible stoichiometric C:N and C:P ratios. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:208-218. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 Berlin14195Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin14195Germany
| | - Kay Philipp Grenz
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 Berlin14195Germany
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY14853USA
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 Berlin14195Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin14195Germany
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23
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Bernhardt JR, O'Connor MI, Sunday JM, Gonzalez A. Life in fluctuating environments. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190454. [PMID: 33131443 PMCID: PMC7662201 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability in the environment defines the structure and dynamics of all living systems, from organisms to ecosystems. Species have evolved traits and strategies that allow them to detect, exploit and predict the changing environment. These traits allow organisms to maintain steady internal conditions required for physiological functioning through feedback mechanisms that allow internal conditions to remain at or near a set-point despite a fluctuating environment. In addition to feedback, many organisms have evolved feedforward processes, which allow them to adjust in anticipation of an expected future state of the environment. Here we provide a framework describing how feedback and feedforward mechanisms operating within organisms can generate effects across scales of organization, and how they allow living systems to persist in fluctuating environments. Daily, seasonal and multi-year cycles provide cues that organisms use to anticipate changes in physiologically relevant environmental conditions. Using feedforward mechanisms, organisms can exploit correlations in environmental variables to prepare for anticipated future changes. Strategies to obtain, store and act on information about the conditional nature of future events are advantageous and are evidenced in widespread phenotypes such as circadian clocks, social behaviour, diapause and migrations. Humans are altering the ways in which the environment fluctuates, causing correlations between environmental variables to become decoupled, decreasing the reliability of cues. Human-induced environmental change is also altering sensory environments and the ability of organisms to detect cues. Recognizing that living systems combine feedback and feedforward processes is essential to understanding their responses to current and future regimes of environmental fluctuations. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey R Bernhardt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Jennifer M Sunday
- Department of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
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24
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Zhu D, Hui D, Wang M, Yang Q, Yu S. Light and competition alter leaf stoichiometry of introduced species and native mangrove species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:140301. [PMID: 32806386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometry is the study of the balance of ecosystem energy and nutrient cycling, especially carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). C, N, and P are the key elements for plant growth and metabolism. Systematic research on leaf stoichiometry in mangrove forest ecosystems is still lacking. To understand the leaf stoichiometry of introduced species and native species in mangrove forests, we selected four species (one introduced species, Sonneratia apetala, and three native species, Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Kandelia obovate) and measured leaf C, N, and P contents under different light conditions. The results showed that there were significant negative scaling relationships of leaf C versus N and C versus P but positive scaling relationships of leaf N versus P in the four mangrove species. Light and competition had significant effects on leaf stoichiometry, especially under the full light condition. S. apetala influenced leaf elements in a mixture with native species. Interspecific competition reduced leaf N and P contents in A. corniculatum and K. obovate but increased leaf N and P contents in A. marina. Leaf N and P contents of the four species showed similar responses to both intraspecific and interspecific competition. The ratio of leaf C:N:P (108:11:1) in the mangrove forests was lower than that in other ecosystems, and species with a higher growth rate had a higher leaf P content and lower N:P ratio, supporting the growth rate hypothesis. Leaf N:P was 11.04, indicating that there was N limitation in the mangrove forests. This systematic research of leaf stoichiometry of mangrove forests improves our understanding of mangrove growth and nutrient use strategies in response to different environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehuang Zhu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 518054, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville 37209, USA
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Shixiao Yu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 518054, China.
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25
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Allgeier JE, Wenger S, Layman CA. Taxonomic identity best explains variation in body nutrient stoichiometry in a diverse marine animal community. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13718. [PMID: 32792497 PMCID: PMC7426267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal-mediated nutrient dynamics are critical processes in ecosystems. Previous research has found animal-mediated nutrient supply (excretion) to be highly predictable based on allometric scaling, but similar efforts to find universal predictive relationships for an organism’s body nutrient content have been inconclusive. We use a large dataset from a diverse tropical marine community to test three frameworks for predicting body nutrient content. We show that body nutrient content does not follow allometric scaling laws and that it is not well explained by trophic status. Instead, we find strong support for taxonomic identity (particularly at the family level) as a predictor of body nutrient content, indicating that evolutionary history plays a crucial role in determining an organism’s composition. We further find that nutrients are “stoichiometrically linked” (e.g., %C predicts %N), but that the direction of these relationships does not always conform to expectations, especially for invertebrates. Our findings demonstrate that taxonomic identity, not trophic status or body size, is the best baseline from which to predict organismal body nutrient content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Allgeier
- Department of Ecology, and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Seth Wenger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Craig A Layman
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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26
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Francois CM, Simon L, Malard F, Lefébure T, Douady CJ, Mermillod‐Blondin F. Trophic selectivity in aquatic isopods increases with the availability of resources. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine M. Francois
- Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPEUMR5023 LEHNA F-69622Villeurbanne France
| | - Laurent Simon
- Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPEUMR5023 LEHNA F-69622Villeurbanne France
| | - Florian Malard
- Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPEUMR5023 LEHNA F-69622Villeurbanne France
| | - Tristan Lefébure
- Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPEUMR5023 LEHNA F-69622Villeurbanne France
| | - Christophe J. Douady
- Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPEUMR5023 LEHNA F-69622Villeurbanne France
- Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
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Zhou L, Declerck SAJ. Herbivore consumers face different challenges along opposite sides of the stoichiometric knife-edge. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:2018-2027. [PMID: 31512359 PMCID: PMC6900088 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have reshaped the relative supply rates of essential elements to organisms. Recent studies suggested that consumer performance is strongly reduced by food that is either very high or very low in relative phosphorus content. However, the generality of such 'stoichiometric knife-edge' and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the response of a planktonic rotifer to a 10-fold food carbon : phosphorus (C : P) gradient and confirmed the existence of the stoichiometric knife-edge. Interestingly, we observed a complete homeostatic breakdown associated with strong growth reductions at high food C : P. In contrast, at low food C : P, animals maintained homeostasis despite pronounced performance reductions. Our results suggest that the mechanisms underlying adverse effects of stoichiometric imbalance are determined by both the identity of elements that are limiting and those that are present in excess. Negative effects of excess P reveal an additional way of how eutrophication may affect consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Zhou
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Declerck
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Halvorson HM, Fuller CL, Entrekin SA, Scott JT, Evans-White MA. Interspecific homeostatic regulation and growth across aquatic invertebrate detritivores: a test of ecological stoichiometry theory. Oecologia 2019; 190:229-242. [PMID: 31062165 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Across resource quality gradients, primary consumers must regulate homeostasis and release of nutrients to optimize growth and fitness. Based primarily on internal body composition, the ecological stoichiometry theory (EST) offers a framework to generalize interspecific patterns of these responses, yet the predictions and underlying assumptions of EST remain poorly tested across many species. We used controlled laboratory feeding experiments to measure homeostasis, nutrient release, and growth across seven field-collected aquatic invertebrate detritivore taxa fed wide resource carbon:nitrogen (C:N) and carbon:phosphorus (C:P) gradients. We found that most invertebrates exhibited strict stoichiometric homeostasis (average 1/H = - 0.018 and 0.026 for C:N and C:P, respectively), supporting assumptions of EST. However, the stoichiometry of new tissue production during growth intervals (growth stoichiometry) deviated - 30 to + 54% and - 145 to + 74% from initial body C:N and C:P, respectively, and across species, growth stoichiometry was not correlated with initial body stoichiometry. Notably, smaller non- and hemimetabolous invertebrates exhibited low, decreasing growth C:N and C:P, whereas larger holometabolous invertebrates exhibited high, often increasing growth C:N and C:P. Despite predictions of EST, interspecific sensitivity of egestion stoichiometry and growth rates to the resource gradient were weakly related to internal body composition across species. While the sensitivity of these patterns differed across taxa, such differences carried a weak phylogenetic signal and were not well predicted by EST. Our findings suggest that traits beyond internal body composition, such as feeding behavior, selective assimilation, and ontogeny, are needed to generalize interspecific patterns in consumer growth and nutrient release across resource quality gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halvor M Halvorson
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | | | - Sally A Entrekin
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - J Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Su H, Wu Y, Xia W, Yang L, Chen J, Han W, Fang J, Xie P. Stoichiometric mechanisms of regime shifts in freshwater ecosystem. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:302-310. [PMID: 30465988 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catastrophic regime shifts in shallow lakes are hard to predict due to a lack of clear understanding of the associate mechanisms. Theory of alternative stable states suggests that eutrophication has profound negative effects on the structure, function and stability of freshwater ecosystems. However, it is still unclear how eutrophication destabilizes ecosystems stoichiometrically before a tipping point is reached. The stoichiometric homeostasis (H), which links fine-scale process to broad-scale patterns, is a key parameter in ecological stoichiometry. Based on investigation of 97 shallow lakes on the Yangtze Plain, China, we measured nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations of the aboveground tissues of common submerged macrophyte species and their corresponding sediments. We found submerged macrophytes showed significant stoichiometric homeostasis for P (HP) but not for N (HN). Furthermore, HP was positively correlated with dominance and stability at the species level, and community production and stability at the community level. Identifying where macrophyte community collapse is a fundamental way to quantify their resilience. Threshold detection showed that macrophyte community dominated by high-HP species had a higher value of tipping point (0.08 vs. 0.06 mg P L-1 in lake water), indicating their strong resilience to eutrophication. In addition, macrophytes with high HP were predominant in relative oligotrophic sediments and have higher ability in stabilizing the water environment compared to those low-HP ones. Our results suggested that ecosystem dominated by homeostatic macrophyte communities was more productive, stable and resilient to eutrophication. Eutrophication-induced stoichiometric imbalance may destabilize the ecosystem by altering the community structure from high-to low-HP species. Efforts should be focused on maintaining and restoration of high homeostatic communities to make ecosystem more resilient, which can significantly improve our understanding of the critical transition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Su
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wulai Xia
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
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Quality and quantity of leaf litter: Both are important for feeding preferences and growth of an aquatic shredder. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208272. [PMID: 30540796 PMCID: PMC6291097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of leaf litter as a resource for shredders has emerged as a key topic in trophic links in ecology. However, thus far, most studies have emphasized the leaf quality as one of the main determinants of shredder behaviour and growth without simultaneously considering the leaf quantity availability. Nevertheless, the combined effects of leaf quantity and quality on shredder behaviour and growth is particularly crucial to further understand how ecosystem functioning may respond to the increasing flow intermittency due to climate change. In this study, we explore how changes in the leaf litter quality and quantity influence the feeding preferences and growth of an invertebrate shredder (Potamophylax latipennis). To do so, we used black poplar leaves conditioned in two streams with different flow regimens as a food resource. Afterwards, using a microcosm approach, we offered leaf discs that varied in terms of leaf quantity and quality to P. latipennis. Our results showed that flow intermittency had a negative effect on the quality of the food resource, and a lower quality had a negative effect on the consumption and growth rates of P. latipennis. Furthermore, we found that P. latipennis fed selectively on higher quality leaves even though the availability (quantity) of this resource was lower. In the context of climate change, with higher aridity/drier conditions/scenarios, our findings suggest that a decrease in the availability (quantity) of high-quality resources could potentially threaten links in global fluvial food webs and thus threaten ecosystem functioning.
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Godwin CM, Whitaker EA, Cotner JB. Growth rate and resource imbalance interactively control biomass stoichiometry and elemental quotas of aquatic bacteria. Ecology 2018; 98:820-829. [PMID: 27995610 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The effects of resource stoichiometry and growth rate on the elemental composition of biomass have been examined in a wide variety of organisms, but the interaction among these effects is often overlooked. To determine how growth rate and resource imbalance affect bacterial carbon (C): nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) stoichiometry and elemental content, we cultured two strains of aquatic heterotrophic bacteria in chemostats at a range of dilution rates and P supply levels (C:P of 100:1 to 10,000:1). When growing below 50% of their maximum growth rate, P availability and dilution rate had strong interactive effects on biomass C:N:P, elemental quotas, cell size, respiration rate, and growth efficiency. In contrast, at faster growth rates, biomass stoichiometry was strongly homeostatic in both strains (C:N:P of 70:13:1 and 73:14:1) and elemental quotas of C, N, and P were tightly coupled (but not constant). Respiration and cell size increased with both growth rate and P limitation, and P limitation induced C accumulation and excess respiration. These results show that bacterial biomass stoichiometry is relatively constrained when all resources are abundant and growth rates are high, but at low growth rates resource imbalance is relatively more important than growth rate in controlling bacterial biomass composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Godwin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Emily A Whitaker
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - James B Cotner
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
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32
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Myer A, Forschler BT. Evidence for the Role of Subterranean Termites (Reticulitermes spp.) in Temperate Forest Soil Nutrient Cycling. Ecosystems 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Filipiak M. A Better Understanding of Bee Nutritional Ecology Is Needed to Optimize Conservation Strategies for Wild Bees-The Application of Ecological Stoichiometry. INSECTS 2018; 9:E85. [PMID: 30021977 PMCID: PMC6165546 DOI: 10.3390/insects9030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The observed decline in wild bees may be connected to the decreasing diversity of flowering plants. Changes in floral composition shape nutrient availability in inhabited areas, and bee larvae need food rich in body-building nutrients to develop into adults. Adult food, mainly composed of energy-rich nectar, differs from larval food, mainly composed of pollen, and adult bees forage on different plant species for nectar and pollen. Defining bee-friendly plants based on the quantities of food produced, and on the visitation rates of adult pollinating insects leads to the planting of bee habitats with poor-quality food for larvae, which limits their growth and development, and negatively affects the population. Consequently, failing to understand the nutritional needs of wild bees may lead to unintended negative effects of conservation efforts. Ecological stoichiometry was developed to elucidate the nutritional constraints of organisms and their colonies, populations, and communities. Here, I discuss how applying ecological stoichiometry to the study of the nutritional ecology of wild bees would help fill the gaps in our understanding of bee biology. I present questions that should be answered in future studies to improve our knowledge of the nutritional ecology of wild bees, which could result in better conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Filipiak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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34
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Minden V, Schnetger B, Pufal G, Leonhardt SD. Antibiotic-induced effects on scaling relationships and on plant element contents in herbs and grasses. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6699-6713. [PMID: 30038768 PMCID: PMC6053569 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant performance is correlated with element concentrations in plant tissue, which may be impacted by adverse chemical soil conditions. Antibiotics of veterinary origin can adversely affect plant performance. They are released to agricultural fields via grazing animals or manure, taken up by plants and may be stored, transformed or sequestered by plant metabolic processes. We studied the potential effects of three antibiotics (penicillin, sulfadiazine, and tetracycline) on plant element contents (macro- and microelements). Plant species included two herb species (Brassica napus and Capsella bursa-pastoris) and two grass species (Triticum aestivum and Apera spica-venti), representing two crop species and two noncrop species commonly found in field margins, respectively. Antibiotic concentrations were chosen as to reflect in vivo situations, that is, relatively low concentrations similar to those detected in soils. In a greenhouse experiment, plants were raised in soil spiked with antibiotics. After harvest, macro- and microelements in plant leaves, stems, and roots were determined (mg/g). Results indicate that antibiotics can affect element contents in plants. Penicillin exerted the greatest effect both on element contents and on scaling relationships of elements between plant organs. Roots responded strongest to antibiotics compared to stems and leaves. We conclude that antibiotics in the soil, even in low concentrations, lead to low-element homeostasis, altering the scaling relationships between roots and other plant organs, which may affect metabolic processes and ultimately the performance of a plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Minden
- Landscape Ecology GroupUniversity of OldenburgOldenburgGermany
- Department of Biology, Ecology and BiodiversityVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Gesine Pufal
- Nature Conservation and Landscape EcologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Sara D. Leonhardt
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
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35
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Mathews L, Faithfull CL, Lenz PH, Nelson CE. The effects of food stoichiometry and temperature on copepods are mediated by ontogeny. Oecologia 2018; 188:75-84. [PMID: 29948318 PMCID: PMC6096765 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is warming the oceans, increasing carbon dioxide partial pressure and reducing nutrient recycling from deep layers. This will affect carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) availability in the oceans, thus, altering the balance between the nutrient content of consumers and their food resource. The combined effects of food quality and temperature have been investigated for adult copepods; however, nauplii, the early developmental stages of copepods, often far outnumber adults, grow more rapidly and have a higher phosphorus body content and demand than later life stages. Consequently, ontogeny may affect how copepods respond to the combined stressors of increasing temperature and altered food stoichiometry. We conducted temperature-controlled experiments (24, 28 and 32 °C) where Parvocalanus crassirostris was fed either a P-replete or a P-limited phytoplankton food source. Reduced survival of nauplii and copepodites at the highest temperature was ameliorated when fed P-replete food. At higher temperatures, copepodite growth remained stable, but internal C:P stoichiometry diverged in the direction of phytoplankton C:P, suggesting that increased temperature affected copepodite stoichiometric homeostasis. In contrast, naupliar P content increased with temperature and naupliar growth was P limited, suggesting nauplii required additional phosphorus at higher temperatures. We conclude that resource stoichiometry plays a key role in how copepod survival and growth are impacted by temperature, and that ontogeny mediates these responses. Our results suggest that as the extent of warming oceans and phytoplankton nutrient limitation increase, copepod survival and the growth of early life stages may decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Mathews
- Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Carolyn L Faithfull
- Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA.
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Gävleborg County Administrative Board, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - Petra H Lenz
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Craig E Nelson
- Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
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The threshold elemental ratio of carbon and phosphorus of Daphnia magna and its connection to animal growth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9673. [PMID: 29946166 PMCID: PMC6018670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of animal consumers is affected by the balance of elements in their diet with the transition between limitation by one element to another known as the threshold elemental ratio (TER). Precise estimates of TERs with known levels of uncertainty have yet to be generated for most zooplankton consumers. We determined the TER for carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) in for a common lake zooplankter, Daphnia magna, using experimental measurements and theoretical considerations. Daphnia growth responses to food C:P ratios across a relatively narrow range (80–350) generated an empirical estimate of TERC:P of 155 ± 14. While this TER matched our modelled estimate of TERC:P (155 ± 16), it was lower than previous estimates of this dietary transition point. No threshold was found when we examined daphnid body C:N or C:P ratios in response to changing food C:P ratios, which indicates P-limitation at even lower food C:P ratios. Our results provide strong evidence that D. magna is likely to experience acute P-limitation when food C:P ratios exceed even relatively low ratios (~155). Our model further demonstrated that while physiological adjustments may reduce the likelihood of P-limitation or reduce its intensity, these changes in animal material processing would be accompanied by reduced maximum growth rates.
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37
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Biological stoichiometry of oleaginous microalgal lipid synthesis: The role of N:P supply ratios and growth rate on microalgal elemental and biochemical composition. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Richard R, de Roos AM, Davidowitz G. The impact of development on patterns of nutrient limitation. Funct Ecol 2018; 32:1507-1519. [PMID: 30034075 PMCID: PMC6049933 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Development is often accompanied by major changes in an organism's functioning and in the way it interacts with its environment. We consider how developmental events such as allocation changes at maturity, ontogenetic diet shift or metamorphosis may affect the likelihood and nature of nutrient limitation and explore the consequences of these changes in nutrient limitation for individual life history and patterns of biomass production.To this purpose, we develop a general model for individual growth and reproduction that is based on the assumption that biomass production and metabolism require several nutrients and that individuals may require them in different proportion at different stages of their lives.We parameterize this model for Daphnia based on its physiological requirements for carbon (C) and phosphorus (P). Growth and reproduction have different nutrient requirements, and this affects the likelihood of C vs. P limitation of differently sized individuals. This translates into a size-dependent threshold elemental ratio (TER), with a difference of up to twofold between juveniles and adults, a difference comparable to measured interspecific differences.The main implications of these findings are that, at the population level, co-limitation of biomass production by several nutrients is likely to occur under a wide range of food qualities. In addition, different regimes of nutrient limitation strongly influence the relative difference in biomass production of differently sized individuals, which has been shown to be a major driver of population and community dynamics. Our results point to development as a key determinant of a population's response to food quality. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13101/suppinfo is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Richard
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - André M. de Roos
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Halvorson HM, Fuller CL, Entrekin SA, Scott JT, Evans-White MA. Detrital nutrient content and leaf species differentially affect growth and nutritional regulation of detritivores. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Halvor M. Halvorson
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Southern Mississippi; 118 College Drive #5018 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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40
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Urabe J, Shimizu Y, Yamaguchi T. Understanding the stoichiometric limitation of herbivore growth: the importance of feeding and assimilation flexibilities. Ecol Lett 2017; 21:197-206. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jotaro Urabe
- Graduate school of Life Sciences Tohoku University 6‐3 Aramaki aza Aoba Sendai980‐8578 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shimizu
- Graduate school of Life Sciences Tohoku University 6‐3 Aramaki aza Aoba Sendai980‐8578 Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Yamaguchi
- Graduate school of Agriculture Tohoku University 568‐1 Aramaki aza Aoba Sendai980‐8578 Japan
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Halvorson HM, Sperfeld E, Evans‐White MA. Quantity and quality limit detritivore growth: mechanisms revealed by ecological stoichiometry and co‐limitation theory. Ecology 2017; 98:2995-3002. [PMID: 28902394 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halvor M. Halvorson
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5018 Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406 USA
| | - Erik Sperfeld
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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42
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Peltomaa ET, Aalto SL, Vuorio KM, Taipale SJ. The Importance of Phytoplankton Biomolecule Availability for Secondary Production. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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43
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Chodkowski N, Bernot RJ. Parasite and host elemental content and parasite effects on host nutrient excretion and metabolic rate. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5901-5908. [PMID: 28808553 PMCID: PMC5551083 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometry uses the mass balance of elements to predict energy and elemental fluxes across different levels of ecological organization. A specific prediction of ecological stoichiometry is the growth rate hypothesis (GRH), which states that organisms with faster growth or reproductive rates will require higher phosphorus content for nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Although parasites are found ubiquitously throughout ecosystems, little is understood about how they affect nutrient imbalances in ecosystems. We (1) tested the GRH by determining the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content of parasitic trematodes and their intermediate host, the freshwater snail Elimia livescens, and (2) used this framework to determine the trematode effects on host nutrient excretion and metabolism. Snail and parasite tissues were analyzed for elemental content using a CHN analyzer and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) methods. Ammonium and SRP assays were used to estimate N and P excretion rates. A respirometer was used to calculate individual snail metabolism. Trematode tissues contained lower C:P and N:P (more P per unit C and N) than the snail tissues. Snail gonadal tissues more closely resembled the elemental content of parasite tissues, although P content was 13% higher in the gonad than the trematode tissues. Despite differences in elemental content, N and P excretion rates of snails were not affected by the presence of parasites. Parasitized snails maintained faster metabolic rates than nonparasitized snails. However, the species of parasite did not affect metabolic rate. Together, this elemental imbalance between parasite and host, and the altered metabolic rate of infected snails may lead to broader parasite effects in stream ecosystems.
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Zhang S, Liu H, Glibert PM, Guo C, Ke Y. Effects of prey of different nutrient quality on elemental nutrient budgets in Noctiluca scintillans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7622. [PMID: 28790307 PMCID: PMC5548927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Noctiluca scintillans (Noctiluca) is a cosmopolitan red tide forming heterotrophic dinoflagellate. In this study, we investigated its ingestion, elemental growth yield and excretion when supplied with different quality food (nutrient-balanced, N-limited and P-limited). Total cellular elemental ratios of Noctiluca were nearly homeostatic, but the ratio of its intracellular NH4+ and PO43− was weakly regulated. Noctiluca thus seems able to differentially allocate N and P to organic and inorganic pools to maintain overall homeostasis, and it regulated its internal N more strongly and efficiently than P. The latter was substantiated by its comparatively stable C:N ratio and compensatory feeding on N-limited prey. Using both starvation experiments and mass balance models, it was found that excretion of C, N, and P by Noctiluca is highly affected by prey nutritional quality. However, based on modeling results, nutrients seem efficiently retained in actively feeding Noctiluca for reproduction rather than directly released as was shown experimentally in starved cells. Moreover, actively feeding Noctiluca tend to retain P and preferentially release N, highlighting its susceptible to P-limitation. Recycling of N and P by Noctiluca may supply substantial nutrients for phytoplankton growth, especially following bloom senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
| | - Cui Guo
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ying Ke
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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Manzoni S, Čapek P, Mooshammer M, Lindahl BD, Richter A, Šantrůčková H. Optimal metabolic regulation along resource stoichiometry gradients. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1182-1191. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Petr Čapek
- Department of Ecosystem Biology; University of South Bohemia; České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Björn D. Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Hana Šantrůčková
- Department of Ecosystem Biology; University of South Bohemia; České Budějovice Czech Republic
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46
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Jochum M, Barnes AD, Ott D, Lang B, Klarner B, Farajallah A, Scheu S, Brose U. Decreasing Stoichiometric Resource Quality Drives Compensatory Feeding across Trophic Levels in Tropical Litter Invertebrate Communities. Am Nat 2017; 190:131-143. [DOI: 10.1086/691790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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47
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Evans-White MA, Halvorson HM. Comparing the Ecological Stoichiometry in Green and Brown Food Webs - A Review and Meta-analysis of Freshwater Food Webs. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1184. [PMID: 28706509 PMCID: PMC5489555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The framework of ecological stoichiometry was developed primarily within the context of "green" autotroph-based food webs. While stoichiometric principles also apply in "brown" detritus-based systems, these systems have been historically understudied and differ from green ones in several important aspects including carbon (C) quality and the nutrient [nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)] contents of food resources for consumers. In this paper, we review work over the last decade that has advanced the application of ecological stoichiometry from green to brown food webs, focusing on freshwater ecosystems. We first review three focal areas where green and brown food webs differ: (1) bottom-up controls by light and nutrient availability, (2) stoichiometric constraints on consumer growth and nutritional regulation, and (3) patterns in consumer-driven nutrient dynamics. Our review highlights the need for further study of how light and nutrient availability affect autotroph-heterotroph interactions on detritus and the subsequent effects on consumer feeding and growth. To complement this conceptual review, we formally quantified differences in stoichiometric principles between green and brown food webs using a meta-analysis across feeding studies of freshwater benthic invertebrates. From 257 datasets collated across 46 publications and several unpublished studies, we compared effect sizes (Pearson's r) of resource N:C and P:C on growth, consumption, excretion, and egestion between herbivorous and detritivorous consumers. The meta-analysis revealed that both herbivore and detritivore growth are limited by resource N:C and P:C contents, but effect sizes only among detritivores were significantly above zero. Consumption effect sizes were negative among herbivores but positive for detritivores in the case of both N:C and P:C, indicating distinct compensatory feeding responses across resource stoichiometry gradients. Herbivore P excretion rates responded significantly positively to resource P:C, whereas detritivore N and P excretion did not respond; detritivore N and P egestion responded positively to resource N:C and P:C, respectively. Our meta-analysis highlights resource N and P contents as broadly limiting in brown and green benthic food webs, but indicates contrasting mechanisms of limitation owing to differing consumer regulation. We suggest that green and brown food webs share fundamental stoichiometric principles, while identifying specific differences toward applying ecological stoichiometry across ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Halvor M. Halvorson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, HattiesburgMS, United States
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48
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Jeyasingh PD, Goos JM, Thompson SK, Godwin CM, Cotner JB. Ecological Stoichiometry beyond Redfield: An Ionomic Perspective on Elemental Homeostasis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:722. [PMID: 28487686 PMCID: PMC5403914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elemental homeostasis has been largely characterized using three important elements that were part of the Redfield ratio (i.e., carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus). These efforts have revealed substantial diversity in homeostasis among taxonomic groups and even within populations. Understanding the evolutionary basis, and ecological consequences of such diversity is a central challenge. Here, we propose that a more complete understanding of homeostasis necessitates the consideration of other elements beyond C, N, and P. Specifically, we posit that physiological complexity underlying maintenance of elemental homeostasis along a single elemental axis impacts processing of other elements, thus altering elemental homeostasis along other axes. Indeed, transcriptomic studies in a wide variety of organisms have found that individuals differentially express significant proportions of the genome in response to variability in supply stoichiometry in order to maintain varying levels of homeostasis. We review the literature from the emergent field of ionomics that has established the consequences of such physiological trade-offs on the content of the entire suite of elements in an individual. Further, we present experimental data on bacteria exhibiting divergent phosphorus homeostasis phenotypes demonstrating the fundamental interconnectedness among elemental quotas. These observations suggest that physiological adjustments can lead to unexpected patterns in biomass stoichiometry, such as correlated changes among suites of non-limiting microelements in response to limitation by macroelements. Including the entire suite of elements that comprise biomass will foster improved quantitative understanding of the links between chemical cycles and the physiology of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punidan D Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jared M Goos
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at ArlingtonArlington, TX, USA
| | - Seth K Thompson
- Water Resources Science Program, University of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Casey M Godwin
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James B Cotner
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MN, USA
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49
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Prater C, Wagner ND, Frost PC. Interactive effects of genotype and food quality on consumer growth rate and elemental content. Ecology 2017; 98:1399-1408. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clay Prater
- Environmental and Life Science Graduate Program; Trent University; Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada
| | - Nicole D. Wagner
- Environmental and Life Science Graduate Program; Trent University; Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada
| | - Paul C. Frost
- Department of Biology; Trent University; Peterborough Ontario K9L 1Z8 Canada
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50
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Conine AL, Frost PC. Variable toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Daphnia magna: effects of algal particles and animal nutrition. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:118-126. [PMID: 27909840 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments vary widely in aspects other than their physicochemical properties that could alter the toxicity of novel contaminants. One factor that could affect chemical toxicity to aquatic consumers is their nutritional environment as it can strongly affect their physiology and life history. Nutrition has the potential to alter an organism's response to the toxin or how the toxin interacts with the consumer through its food. Here we determined how growth and survival responses of Daphnia to an emerging contaminant, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are affected by the presence of food and its stoichiometric food quality. We used a series of survival tests, each slightly modified, to determine whether variable toxicity in different nutritional environments resulted from algal sequestration of AgNPs in a nontoxic form or from changes to the nutritional status of the test animals. We found that the presence of algae, of good or poor quality, reduced the toxicity of AgNPs on animal growth and survival. However, the decrease in AgNP toxicity was greater for animals consuming P-rich compared to P-poor food. We found evidence that this effect of food quality was due to greater algal uptake of AgNPs by P-rich than by P-stressed algae. However, we also found animal nutrition, in the absence of algal AgNP binding, could affect toxicity with P-nourished animals surviving slightly better when exposed to AgNPs compared to their P-stressed counterparts. Our results show an important role for algal particles and their P content in determining the toxicity of AgNPs in natural waters primarily due to their binding and uptake abilities and, less so, to their effects on animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Conine
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
| | - Paul C Frost
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
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