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Babushku T, Lechner M, Ehrenberg S, Rambold U, Schmidt-Supprian M, Yates AJ, Rane S, Zimber-Strobl U, Strobl LJ. Notch2 controls developmental fate choices between germinal center and marginal zone B cells upon immunization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1960. [PMID: 38438375 PMCID: PMC10912316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustained Notch2 signals induce trans-differentiation of Follicular B (FoB) cells into Marginal Zone B (MZB) cells in mice, but the physiology underlying this differentiation pathway is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that most B cells receive a basal Notch signal, which is intensified in pre-MZB and MZB cells. Ablation or constitutive activation of Notch2 upon T-cell-dependent immunization reveals an interplay between antigen-induced activation and Notch2 signaling, in which FoB cells that turn off Notch2 signaling enter germinal centers (GC), while high Notch2 signaling leads to generation of MZB cells or to initiation of plasmablast differentiation. Notch2 signaling is dispensable for GC dynamics but appears to be re-induced in some centrocytes to govern expansion of IgG1+ GCB cells. Mathematical modelling suggests that antigen-activated FoB cells make a Notch2 dependent binary fate-decision to differentiate into either GCB or MZB cells. This bifurcation might serve as a mechanism to archive antigen-specific clones into functionally and spatially diverse B cell states to generate robust antibody and memory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Babushku
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Lechner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ehrenberg
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Rambold
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew J Yates
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sanket Rane
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Ursula Zimber-Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Lothar J Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Tran JQ, Muench MO, Gaillard B, Darst O, Tomayko MM, Jackman RP. Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid induced inflammation enhances while lipopolysaccharide diminishes alloimmunity to platelet transfusion in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281130. [PMID: 38146372 PMCID: PMC10749330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alloimmune responses against platelet antigens, which dominantly target the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), can cause adverse reactions to subsequent platelet transfusions, platelet refractoriness, or rejection of future transplants. Platelet transfusion recipients include individuals experiencing severe bacterial or viral infections, and how their underlying health modulates platelet alloimmunity is not well understood. Methods This study investigated the effect of underlying inflammation on platelet alloimmunization by modelling viral-like inflammation with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) or gram-negative bacterial infection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hypothesizing that underlying inflammation enhances alloimmunization. Mice were pretreated with poly(I:C), LPS, or nothing, then transfused with non-leukoreduced or leukoreduced platelets. Alloantibodies and allogeneic MHC-specific B cell (allo-B cell) responses were evaluated two weeks later. Rare populations of allo-B cells were identified using MHC tetramers. Results Relative to platelet transfusion alone, prior exposure to poly(I:C) increased the alloantibody response to allogeneic platelet transfusion whereas prior exposure to LPS diminished responses. Prior exposure to poly(I:C) had equivalent, if not moderately diminished, allo-B cell responses relative to platelet transfusion alone and exhibited more robust allo-B cell memory development. Conversely, prior exposure to LPS resulted in diminished allo-B cell frequency, activation, antigen experience, and germinal center formation and altered memory B cell responses. Discussion In conclusion, not all inflammatory environments enhance bystander responses and prior inflammation mediated by LPS on gram-negative bacteria may in fact curtail platelet alloimmunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Q. Tran
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marcus O. Muench
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Betty Gaillard
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Orsolya Darst
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mary M. Tomayko
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rachael P. Jackman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Hassun LA, Ruggeri MLR, de Souza SA, Rossato AM, Chmieleski GS, de Carvalho LS, Riccetto AGL, Degasperi GR. Adipokines from adipose tissue and common variable immunodeficiency: Is there any association? Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13257. [PMID: 37873571 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin and leptin are adipokines, secreted by white adipose tissue (WAT), which play an important role in energy homeostasis. Some evidence has shown that adipokine-producing adipose cells present in the bone marrow (BM) appear to exert an influence on hematopoiesis and B cell development. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the most common inborn errors of immunity in humans. In CVID, numerical and/or functional defects of B cells and their precursors result in hypogammaglobulinemia, usually Immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG. Manifestations of CVID include immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, inflammation and lymphoproliferation, resulting in a wide range of phenotypes. How adipokines interact and influence the pathophysiology of CVID is still unclear. In this review, we seek to summarize the aspects known so far concerning the interface between adipokines, B cells and CVID. More research is needed to fully understand these interactions; this knowledge is a potential avenue for the discovery of useful biomarkers and may provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of patients with CVID and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Amorim Hassun
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Ricarte Ruggeri
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefany Alvino de Souza
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Mory Rossato
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza Chmieleski
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Scarpini de Carvalho
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gut Lopes Riccetto
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Rosa Degasperi
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Bous M, Schmitt C, Hans MC, Weber R, Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Tenbruck S, Haj Hamoud B, Wagenpfeil G, Kaiser E, Solomayer EF, Zemlin M, Goedicke-Fritz S. Sex Differences in the Frequencies of B and T Cell Subpopulations of Human Cord Blood. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11511. [PMID: 37511278 PMCID: PMC10380850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cord blood represents a link between intrauterine and early extrauterine development. Cord blood cells map an important time frame in human immune imprinting processes. It is unknown whether the sex of the newborn affects the lymphocyte subpopulations in the cord blood. Nine B and twenty-one T cell subpopulations were characterized using flow cytometry in human cord blood from sixteen male and twenty-one female newborns, respectively. Except for transitional B cells and naïve B cells, frequencies of B cell counts across all subsets was higher in the cord blood of male newborns than in female newborns. The frequency of naïve thymus-negative Th cells was significantly higher in male cord blood, whereas the remaining T cell subpopulations showed a higher count in the cord blood of female newborns. Our study is the first revealing sex differences in the B and T cell subpopulations of human cord blood. These results indicate that sex might have a higher impact for the developing immune system, urging the need to expand research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bous
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Charline Schmitt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Muriel Charlotte Hans
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Regine Weber
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Tenbruck
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Bashar Haj Hamoud
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics (IMBEI), Saarland University, Campus Homburg, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaiser
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Erich-Franz Solomayer
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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5
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Kalkal M, Das J. Current understanding of the immune potential of B-cell subsets in malarial pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1046002. [PMID: 36778886 PMCID: PMC9909418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1046002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past several decades, our understanding of how B cells are generated and what function they perform has continued to advance. It is widely accepted that B-cell subsets play a critical role in mediating immune response. Surprisingly, human and murine malarial infections cause major alterations in the composition of B-cell subsets in both the spleen and periphery. Multiple B-cell subsets are well characterized in murine models following primary and secondary infection, although in human malarial infection, these subsets are not well defined. Furthermore, a rare known function of B cells includes the potential role of regulating the activities of other cells in the body as regulatory cells. Plasmodium infection strongly alters the frequency of these regulatory B cells indicating the immunoregulatory function of B cells in malarial. It is important to note that these subsets, taken together, form the cellular basis of humoral immune responses, allowing protection against a wide array of Plasmodium antigens to be achieved. However, it remains a challenge and an important area of investigation to understand how these B-cell subsets work together to provide protection against Plasmodium infection.
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Heterogeneity and Functions of Tumor-Infiltrating Antibody Secreting Cells: Lessons from Breast, Ovarian, and Other Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194800. [PMID: 36230721 PMCID: PMC9563085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B cells are gaining increasing recognition as important contributors to the tumor microenvironment, influencing, positively or negatively, tumor growth, patient survival, and response to therapies. Antibody secreting cells (ASCs) constitute a variable fraction of tumor-infiltrating B cells in most solid tumors, and they produce tumor-specific antibodies that can drive distinct immune responses depending on their isotypes and specificities. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the heterogeneity of ASCs infiltrating solid tumors and how both their canonical and noncanonical functions shape antitumor immunity, with a special emphasis on breast and ovarian cancers. Abstract Neglected for a long time in cancer, B cells and ASCs have recently emerged as critical actors in the tumor microenvironment, with important roles in shaping the antitumor immune response. ASCs indeed exert a major influence on tumor growth, patient survival, and response to therapies. The mechanisms underlying their pro- vs. anti-tumor roles are beginning to be elucidated, revealing the contributions of their secreted antibodies as well as of their emerging noncanonical functions. Here, concentrating mostly on ovarian and breast cancers, we summarize the current knowledge on the heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating ASCs, we discuss their possible local or systemic origin in relation to their immunoglobulin repertoire, and we review the different mechanisms by which antibody (Ab) subclasses and isoforms differentially impact tumor cells and anti-tumor immunity. We also discuss the emerging roles of cytokines and other immune modulators produced by ASCs in cancer. Finally, we propose strategies to manipulate the tumor ASC compartment to improve cancer therapies.
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Melcher C, Yu J, Duong VHH, Westphal K, Helmi Siasi Farimany N, Shaverskyi A, Zhao B, Strowig T, Glage S, Brand K, Chan AC, Föger N, Lee KH. B cell-mediated regulatory mechanisms control tumor-promoting intestinal inflammation. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111051. [PMID: 35830810 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying tumor-promoting inflammatory processes in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remain largely elusive. Here, we provide genetic evidence for distinct B cell-mediated immunoregulatory mechanisms that protect from chronic colitis versus CAC. We demonstrate an inherent capacity of interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing B cells to differentiate into immunoglobulin A (IgA) plasma cells (PCs) upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Our data show that B cell-derived IL-10 is essential to limit pathogenic T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th17 T cell responses during chronic colitis, while IgA PCs derived from IL-10+ B cells are being implicated in restraining tumorigenesis during CAC. Formation of a tumor-protective intestinal environment was associated with clonal expansion of specific types of colonic IgA PCs and development of an altered microbiota that attenuated CAC. We thus propose that regulatory B cell-mediated immunomodulation entails temporal release of IL-10, which is superseded by the generation of specific IgA affecting the microbial community, thereby controlling chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis in a distinctive but interrelated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Melcher
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jinbo Yu
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vu Huy Hoang Duong
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Westphal
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Noushin Helmi Siasi Farimany
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anton Shaverskyi
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Experimental Pathology, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrew C Chan
- Research, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Niko Föger
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kyeong-Hee Lee
- Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Barlev AN, Malkiel S, Kurata-Sato I, Dorjée AL, Suurmond J, Diamond B. FcɣRIIB regulates autoantibody responses by limiting marginal zone B cell activation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157250. [PMID: 35819855 PMCID: PMC9435648 DOI: 10.1172/jci157250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FcɣRIIB is an inhibitory receptor expressed throughout B cell development. Diminished expression or function is associated with lupus in mice and humans, in particular through an effect on autoantibody production and plasma cell differentiation. Here, we analysed the effect of B cell-intrinsic FcɣRIIB expression on B cell activation and plasma cell differentiation. Loss of FcɣRIIB on B cells (Fcgr2b cKO mice) led to a spontaneous increase in autoantibody titers. This increase was most striking for IgG3, suggestive of increased extrafollicular responses. Marginal zone (MZ) B cells had the highest expression of FcɣRIIB in both mouse and human. This high expression of FcɣRIIB was linked to increased MZ B cell activation, Erk phosphorylation, and calcium fluxin the absence of FcɣRIIB triggering. Marked increases in IgG3+ plasma cells and B cells were observed during extrafollicular plasma cell responses in Fcgr2b cKO mice. The increased IgG3 response following immunization of Fcgr2b cKO mice was lost in MZ-deficient Notch2/Fcgr2b cKO mice. Importantly, SLE patients exhibited decreased expression of FcɣRIIB, most strongly in MZ B cells. Thus, we present a model where high FcɣRIIB expression in MZ B cells prevents their hyperactivation and ensuing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Barlev
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Susan Malkiel
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Izumi Kurata-Sato
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Annemarie L Dorjée
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jolien Suurmond
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center of Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
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Peck AB, Nguyen CQ, Ambrus JL. A MZB Cell Activation Profile Present in the Lacrimal Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome-Susceptible C57BL/6.NOD- Aec1Aec2 Mice Defined by Global RNA Transcriptomic Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6106. [PMID: 35682784 PMCID: PMC9181468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse has been extensively studied to define the underlying cellular and molecular basis for the onset and development of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized clinically as the loss of normal lacrimal and salivary gland functions leading respectively to dry eye and dry mouth pathologies. While an overwhelming majority of SS studies in both humans and rodent models have long focused primarily on pathophysiological events and the potential role of T lymphocytes in these events, recent studies in our murine models have indicated that marginal zone B (MZB) lymphocytes are critical for both development and onset of SS disease. Although migration and function of MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo and in vitro, we have carried out ex vivo investigations that use temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to track early cellular and molecular events in these exocrine glands of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice. In the present report, genome-wide transcriptome analyses of lacrimal glands indicate that genes and gene-sets temporally upregulated during early onset of disease define the Notch2/NF-kβ14 and Type1 interferon signal transduction pathways, as well as identify chemokines, especially Cxcl13, and Rho-GTPases, including DOCK molecules, in the cellular migration of immune cells to the lacrimal glands. We discuss how the current results compare with our recently published salivary gland data obtained from similar studies carried out in our C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice, pointing out both similarities and differences in the etiopathogeneses underlying the autoimmune response within the two glands. Overall, this study uses the power of transcriptomic analyses to identify temporal molecular bioprocesses activated during the preclinical covert pathogenic stage(s) of SS disease and how these findings may impact future intervention therapies as the disease within the two exocrine glands may not be identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B. Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.Q.N.); (J.L.A.J.)
| | - Cuong Q. Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.Q.N.); (J.L.A.J.)
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.Q.N.); (J.L.A.J.)
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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10
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Siu JHY, Pitcher MJ, Tull TJ, Velounias RL, Guesdon W, Montorsi L, Mahbubani KT, Ellis R, Dhami P, Todd K, Kadolsky UD, Kleeman M, D'Cruz DP, Saeb-Parsy K, Bemark M, Pettigrew GJ, Spencer J. Two subsets of human marginal zone B cells resolved by global analysis of lymphoid tissues and blood. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm9060. [PMID: 35302862 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm9060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
B cells generate antibodies that are essential for immune protection, but their subgroups are poorly defined. Here, we perform undirected deep profiling of B cells in matched human lymphoid tissues from deceased transplant organ donors and blood. In addition to identifying unanticipated features of tissue-based B cell differentiation, we resolve two subsets of marginal zone B (MZB) cells differing in cell surface and transcriptomic profiles, clonal relationships to other subsets, enrichment of genes in the NOTCH pathway, distribution bias within splenic marginal zone microenvironment, and immunoglobulin repertoire diversity and hypermutation frequency. Each subset is present in spleen, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, and blood. MZB cells and the lineage from which they are derived are depleted in lupus nephritis. Here, we show that this depletion is of only one MZB subset. The other remains unchanged as a proportion of total B cells compared with health. Thus, it is important to factor MZB cell heterogeneity into studies of human B cell responses and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline H Y Siu
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael J Pitcher
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Thomas J Tull
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rebekah L Velounias
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - William Guesdon
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lucia Montorsi
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK.,Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard Ellis
- NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Pawan Dhami
- NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Katrina Todd
- NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ulrich D Kadolsky
- NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michelle Kleeman
- NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David P D'Cruz
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gavin J Pettigrew
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jo Spencer
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
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11
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Khanmohammadi S, Shad TM, Delavari S, Shirmast P, Bagheri Y, Azizi G, Aghamohammadi A, Abolhassani H, Yazdani R, Rezaei N. Evaluation of Specific Antibody Responses in Patients with Selective IgA Deficiency and Ataxia Telangiectasia. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:640-649. [PMID: 35135457 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220208111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific Antibody Deficiency (SAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) characterized by the occurrence of recurrent infections and inadequate antibody response to polysaccharide new antigens. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the titer of specific antibodies against unconjugated 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV-23), the presence of SAD, and its association with clinical and laboratory findings in Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) and selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) patients. METHODS 32 A-T patients and 43 SIgAD patients were included in the study. Samples of the patients were obtained before and three weeks after vaccination with PPSV-23. Specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed towards pneumococcal capsular antigen and specific antibodies against whole pneumococcal antigens was measured. RESULTS Comparison of the response to vaccination revealed that 81.3% of A-T patients and 18.6% of the SIgAD patients had an inadequate response to PPSV-23 (p<0.001). The prevalence of recurrent infection (p=0.034) and pneumonia (p=0.003) in SIgAD patients was significantly higher in non-responders than responders. Likewise, the number of marginal zone B cells (p=0.037), transitional B cells (p=0.019), plasmablasts (p=0.019), CD8+ naïve T cells (p=0.036), and percentage of CD8+ T cells (p=0.047), switched memory B cells (SMB) (p=0.026) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) memory B cells (p=0.022) in SIgAD patients were significantly lower in non-responder group than responder group. In contrast, the percentage of CD4 T+ cells in A-T patients was lower in the non-responder group than responders (p=0.035). CONCLUSION SAD is more frequent in A-T patients than SIgAD patients. The role of SMB and T cells should not be underestimated in SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Moeini Shad
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Delavari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Paniz Shirmast
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasser Bagheri
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), 5 Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), 5 Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), 5 Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Ira
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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12
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Immunomodulatory Activity of Carboxymethyl Pachymaran on Immunosuppressed Mice Induced by Cyclophosphamide. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195733. [PMID: 34641277 PMCID: PMC8509999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of immunomodulatory activity of two types of carboxymethyl pachymaran (CMP-1 and CMP-2) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced mice were investigated. Both CMP-1 and CMP-2 were found to restore the splenomegaly and alleviate the spleen lesions and the mRNA expressions of TLR4, MyD88, p65 and NF-κB in spleen were also increased. CMP-1 and CMP-2 could enhance the immunity by increasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, Ig-A and Ig-G in serum. In addition, CMP-1 could increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and reduce the relative richness of Firmicutes at the phylum level. CMP-1 and CMP-2 could reduce the relative abundance Erysipelatoclostridum at the genus level. CMP-1 and CMP-2 might enhance the immune function of immunosuppression mice by regulating the gene expression in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and changing the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiota. The results suggested that CMP-1 and CMP-2 would be as potential immunomodulatory agents in functional foods.
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13
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Ciocca M, Zaffina S, Fernandez Salinas A, Bocci C, Palomba P, Conti MG, Terreri S, Frisullo G, Giorda E, Scarsella M, Brugaletta R, Vinci MR, Magnavita N, Carsetti R, Piano Mortari E. Evolution of Human Memory B Cells From Childhood to Old Age. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690534. [PMID: 34367150 PMCID: PMC8343175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High quality medical assistance and preventive strategies, including pursuing a healthy lifestyle, result in a progressively growing percentage of older people. The population and workforce is aging in all countries of the world. It is widely recognized that older individuals show an increased susceptibility to infections and a reduced response to vaccination suggesting that the aged immune system is less able to react and consequently protect the organism. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is dramatically showing us that the organism reacts to novel pathogens in an age-dependent manner. The decline of the immune system observed in aging remains unclear. We aimed to understand the role of B cells. We analyzed peripheral blood from children (4-18 years); young people (23-60 years) and elderly people (65-91 years) by flow cytometry. We also measured antibody secretion by ELISA following a T-independent stimulation. Here we show that the elderly have a significant reduction of CD27dull memory B cells, a population that bridges innate and adaptive immune functions. In older people, memory B cells are mostly high specialized antigen-selected CD27bright. Moreover, after in vitro stimulation with CpG, B cells from older individuals produced significantly fewer IgM and IgA antibodies compared to younger individuals. Aging is a complex process characterized by a functional decline in multiple physiological systems. The immune system of older people is well equipped to react to often encountered antigens but has a low ability to respond to new pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ciocca
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Health Directorate, Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ane Fernandez Salinas
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Bocci
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Palomba
- Diagnostic Immunology Clinical Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Terreri
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frisullo
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Scarsella
- Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Brugaletta
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Health Directorate, Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Vinci
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Health Directorate, Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Section of Occupational Medicine and Labor Law, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Diagnostic Immunology Clinical Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Jaufmann J, Franke FC, Sperlich A, Blumendeller C, Kloos I, Schneider B, Sasaki D, Janssen KP, Beer-Hammer S. The emerging and diverse roles of the SLy/SASH1-protein family in health and disease-Overview of three multifunctional proteins. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21470. [PMID: 33710696 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular adaptor proteins are indispensable for the transduction of receptor-derived signals, as they recruit and connect essential downstream effectors. The SLy/SASH1-adaptor family comprises three highly homologous proteins, all of them sharing conserved structural motifs. The initial characterization of the first member SLy1/SASH3 (SH3 protein expressed in lymphocytes 1) in 2001 was rapidly followed by identification of SLy2/HACS1 (hematopoietic adaptor containing SH3 and SAM domains 1) and SASH1/SLy3 (SAM and SH3 domain containing 1). Based on their pronounced sequence similarity, they were subsequently classified as one family of intracellular scaffold proteins. Despite their obvious homology, the three SLy/SASH1-members fundamentally differ with regard to their expression and function in intracellular signaling. On the contrary, growing evidence clearly demonstrates an important role of all three proteins in human health and disease. In this review, we systematically summarize what is known about the SLy/SASH1-adaptors in the field of molecular cell biology and immunology. To this end, we recapitulate current research about SLy1/SASH3, SLy2/HACS1, and SASH1/SLy3, with an emphasis on their similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jaufmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Christoph Franke
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Sperlich
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Blumendeller
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Kloos
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical SC New Technology Strategy Office, General Research Institute, Nitto Boseki, Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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15
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Peck AB, Nguyen CQ, Ambrus JL. Upregulated Chemokine and Rho-GTPase Genes Define Immune Cell Emigration into Salivary Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome-Susceptible C57BL/6.NOD- Aec1Aec2 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7176. [PMID: 34281229 PMCID: PMC8267620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse is considered a highly appropriate model of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized primarily as the loss of lacrimal and salivary gland functions. This mouse model, as well as other mouse models of SS, have shown that B lymphocytes are essential for the development and onset of observed clinical manifestations. More recently, studies carried out in the C57BL/6.IL14α transgenic mouse have indicated that the marginal zone B (MZB) cell population is responsible for development of SS disease, reflecting recent observations that MZB cells are present in the salivary glands of SS patients and most likely initiate the subsequent loss of exocrine functions. Although MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo and in vitro, we have carried out an ex vivo investigation that uses temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to profile differentially expressed genes known to be associated with cell migration. Results indicate a temporal upregulation of specific chemokine, chemokine receptor, and Rho-GTPase genes in the salivary glands of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice that correlate with the early appearance of periductal lymphocyte infiltrations. Using the power of transcriptomic analyses to better define the genetic profile of lymphocytic emigration into the salivary glands of SS mice, new insights into the underlying mechanisms of SS disease development and onset begin to come into focus, thereby establishing a foundation for further in-depth and novel investigations of the covert and early overt phases of SS disease at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B. Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Cuong Q. Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
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16
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Park S, Zhu X, Kim M, Zhao L, Cheng SY. Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1 Mutants Impair B Lymphocyte Development in a Mouse Model. Thyroid 2021; 31:994-1002. [PMID: 33267733 PMCID: PMC8349714 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mutations of the thyroid hormone receptor α (THRA) gene cause resistance to thyroid hormone (RTHα). RTHα patients exhibit very mild abnormal thyroid function test results (serum triiodothyronine can be high-normal to high; thyroxine normal to low; thyrotropin is normal or mildly raised) but manifest hypothyroid symptoms with growth retardation, delayed bone development, and anemia. Much has been learned about the in vivo molecular actions in TRα1 mutants affecting abnormal growth, bone development, and anemia by using a mouse model of RTHα (Thra1PV/+ mice). However, it is not clear whether TRα1 mutants affect lymphopoiesis in RTHα patients. The present study addressed the question of whether TRα1 mutants could cause defective lymphopoiesis. Methods: We assessed lymphocyte abundance in the peripheral circulation and in the lymphoid organs of Thra1PV/+ mice. We evaluated the effect of thyroid hormone on B cell development in the bone and spleen of these mice. We identified key transcription factors that are directly regulated by TRα1 in the regulation of B cell development. Results: Compared with wild-type mice, a significant reduction in B cells, but not in T cells, was detected in the peripheral circulation, bone marrow, and spleen of Thra1PV/+ mice. The expression of key transcription regulators of B cell development, such as Ebf1, Tcf3, and Pax5, was significantly decreased in the bone marrow and spleen of Thra1PV/+ mice. We further elucidated that the Ebf1 gene, essential for lineage specification in the early B cell development, was directly regulated by TRα1. Thus, mutations of TRα1 could impair B cell development in the bone marrow via suppression of key regulators of B lymphopoiesis. Conclusions: Analysis of lymphopoiesis in a mouse model of RTHα showed that B cell lymphopoiesis was suppressed by TRα1 mutations. The suppressed development of B cells was, at least in part, via inhibition of the expression of key regulators, Ebf1, Tcf3, and Pax5, by TRα1 mutations. These findings suggest that the mutations of the THRA gene in patients could lead to B cell deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Minjun Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Address correspondence to: Sheue-Yann Cheng, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room: 5128A2, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4264, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA
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17
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Lo LW, Chang CW, Chiang MF, Lin IY, Lin KI. Marginal Zone B Cells Assist With Neutrophil Accumulation to Fight Against Systemic Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636818. [PMID: 34040603 PMCID: PMC8141640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to regulating immune responses by producing antibodies that confer humoral immunity, B cells can also affect these responses by producing cytokines. How B cells participate in the clearance of pathogenic infections via functions other than the production of pathogen-specific antibodies is still largely unknown. Marginal zone (MZ) B cells can quickly respond to bacterial invasion by providing the initial round of antibodies. After a bloodborne bacterial infection, neutrophils promptly migrate to the MZ. However, the mechanisms regulating neutrophil accumulation in the MZ during the initial phase of infection also remain obscure. Here, we found that MZ B cell-deficient mice are more susceptible to systemic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection compared with wildtype mice. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and CXCL1/CXCL2 in MZ B cells increased significantly in mice at 3–4 h after infection with S. aureus, then decreased at 24 h post-infection. After systemic S. aureus infection, splenic neutrophils express increased CXCR2 levels. Our results from confocal microscopy imaging of thick-section staining demonstrate that neutrophils in wildtype mice form cell clusters and are in close contact with MZ B cells at 3 h post-infection. This neutrophil cluster formation shortly after infection was diminished in both MZ B cell-deficient mice and IL-6-deficient mice. Blocking the action of CXCL1/CXCL2 by injecting anti-CXCL1 and anti-CXCL2 antibodies 1 h before S. aureus infection significantly suppressed the recruitment of neutrophils to the MZ at 3 h post-infection. Compared with peptidoglycan stimulation alone, peptidoglycan stimulation with neutrophil co-culture further enhanced MZ B-cell activation and differentiation. Using a Förster resonance energy transfer by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM-FRET) analysis, we observed evidence of a direct interaction between neutrophils and MZ B cells after peptidoglycan stimulation. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion in mice resulted in a reduced production of S. aureus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M at 24 h post-infection. Together, our results demonstrate that MZ B cells regulate the rapid neutrophil swarming into the spleen during the early phase of systemic S. aureus infection. Interaction with neutrophils assists MZ B cells with their differentiation into IgM-secreting cells and contributes to the clearance of systemic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Lo
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - I-Ying Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Pasqualucci L, Klein U. Mouse Models in the Study of Mature B-Cell Malignancies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a034827. [PMID: 32398289 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, genomic analyses of several B-cell lymphoma entities have identified a large number of genes that are recurrently mutated, suggesting that their aberrant function promotes lymphomagenesis. For many of those genes, the specific role in normal B-cell development is unknown; moreover, whether and how their deregulated activity contributes to lymphoma initiation and/or maintenance is often difficult to determine. Genetically engineered mouse models that faithfully mimic lymphoma-associated genetic alterations represent valuable tools for elucidating the pathogenic roles of candidate oncogenes and tumor suppressors in vivo, as well as for the preclinical testing of novel therapeutic principles in an intact microenvironment. Here we summarize what has been learned about the mechanisms of oncogenic transformation from accurately modeling the most common and well-characterized genetic alterations identified in mature B-cell malignancies. This information is expected to guide the design of improved molecular diagnostics and mechanism-based therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ulf Klein
- Division of Haematology & Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
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19
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Lechner M, Engleitner T, Babushku T, Schmidt-Supprian M, Rad R, Strobl LJ, Zimber-Strobl U. Notch2-mediated plasticity between marginal zone and follicular B cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1111. [PMID: 33597542 PMCID: PMC7889629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular B (FoB) and marginal zone B (MZB) cells are functionally and spatially distinct mature B cell populations in the spleen, originating from a Notch2-dependent fate decision after splenic influx of immature transitional B cells. In the B cell follicle, a Notch2-signal is provided by DLL-1-expressing fibroblasts. However, it is unclear whether FoB cells, which are in close contact with these DLL-1 expressing fibroblasts, can also differentiate to MZB cells if they receive a Notch2-signal. Here, we show induced Notch2IC-expression in FoB cells re-programs mature FoB cells into bona fide MZB cells as is evident from the surface phenotype, localization, immunological function and transcriptome of these cells. Furthermore, the lineage conversion from FoB to MZB cells occurs in immunocompetent wildtype mice. These findings demonstrate plasticity between mature FoB and MZB cells that can be driven by a singular signaling event, the activation of Notch2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lechner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tea Babushku
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lothar J Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
| | - Ursula Zimber-Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany.
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20
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Both maternal and newborn IgMs inhibit influenza virus-induced hemagglutination in vitro. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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21
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Choi JH, Han J, Theodoropoulos PC, Zhong X, Wang J, Medler D, Ludwig S, Zhan X, Li X, Tang M, Gallagher T, Yu G, Beutler B. Essential requirement for nicastrin in marginal zone and B-1 B cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4894-4901. [PMID: 32071239 PMCID: PMC7060662 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916645117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-secretase is an intramembrane protease complex that catalyzes the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and Notch. Impaired γ-secretase function is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease and familial acne inversa in humans. In a forward genetic screen of mice with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutations for defects in adaptive immunity, we identified animals within a single pedigree exhibiting both hypopigmentation of the fur and diminished T cell-independent (TI) antibody responses. The causative mutation was in Ncstn, an essential gene encoding the protein nicastrin (NCSTN), a member of the γ-secretase complex that functions to recruit substrates for proteolysis. The missense mutation severely limits the glycosylation of NCSTN to its mature form and impairs the integrity of the γ-secretase complex as well as its catalytic activity toward its substrate Notch, a critical regulator of B cell and T cell development. Strikingly, however, this missense mutation affects B cell development but not thymocyte or T cell development. The Ncstn allele uncovered in these studies reveals an essential requirement for NCSTN during the type 2 transitional-marginal zone precursor stage and peritoneal B-1 B cell development, the TI antibody response, fur pigmentation, and intestinal homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huk Choi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jonghee Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Panayotis C Theodoropoulos
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Internal Medicine, Physician Scientist Training Program, Washington University in St. Louis, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Xue Zhong
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Dawson Medler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Sara Ludwig
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xiaoming Zhan
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Miao Tang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Thomas Gallagher
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;
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22
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Masuda H, Nakamura T, Harashima H. Distribution of BCG-CWS-Loaded Nanoparticles in the Spleen After Intravenous Injection Affects Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Activity. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1943-1950. [PMID: 32070704 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Interest has developed in the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) as a noninfectious adjuvant. Although BCG-CWS readily undergoes aggregation, in a previous study, we applied it to cancer immunotherapy via intravenous administration by encapsulating the BCG-CWS into nanoparticles (CWS-NPs). The CWS-NPs were taken up by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ (MHC-II+) cells and induced antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. However, the nature of the contribution of MHC-II+ cells to the CTL response continues to be unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the distribution of CWS-NPs in the spleen and CTL activity. The main MHC-II+ cells that internalized the CWS-NPs were B cells. Decreasing the level of polyethylene glycol modification increased the uptake of CWS-NPs by B cells, leading to an increased CTL activity. A comparison of CWS-NPs with different uptake efficiencies into dendritic cells and B cells suggested that the DCs with internalized CWS-NPs may contribute to CTL activation compared with B cells. We succeeded in enhancing CTL activity by the CWS-NPs, and the findings reported herein should provide important information regarding target cells for the development of CWS-NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Masuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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23
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Ma K, Du W, Wang X, Yuan S, Cai X, Liu D, Li J, Lu L. Multiple Functions of B Cells in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6021. [PMID: 31795353 PMCID: PMC6929160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by excessive autoantibody production and multi-organ involvement. Although the etiology of SLE still remains unclear, recent studies have characterized several pathogenic B cell subsets and regulatory B cell subsets involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Among pathogenic B cell subsets, age-associated B cells (ABCs) are a newly identified subset of autoreactive B cells with T-bet-dependent transcriptional programs and unique functional features in SLE. Accumulation of T-bet+ CD11c+ ABCs has been observed in SLE patients and lupus mouse models. In addition, innate-like B cells with the autoreactive B cell receptor (BCR) expression and long-lived plasma cells with persistent autoantibody production contribute to the development of SLE. Moreover, several regulatory B cell subsets with immune suppressive functions have been identified, while the impaired inhibitory effects of regulatory B cells have been indicated in SLE. Thus, further elucidation on the functional features of B cell subsets will provide new insights in understanding lupus pathogenesis and lead to novel therapeutic interventions in the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongyang Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China; (K.M.); (D.L.)
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Wenhan Du
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Shiwen Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China; (S.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China; (S.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China; (K.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.D.); (X.W.)
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24
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IL-10-Dependent Crosstalk between Murine Marginal Zone B Cells, Macrophages, and CD8α + Dendritic Cells Promotes Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Immunity 2019; 51:64-76.e7. [PMID: 31231033 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 CD8α+ conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are required for CD8+ T cell priming but, paradoxically, promote splenic Listeria monocytogenes infection. Using mice with impaired cDC2 function, we ruled out a role for cDC2s in this process and instead discovered an interleukin-10 (IL-10)-dependent cellular crosstalk in the marginal zone (MZ) that promoted bacterial infection. Mice lacking the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK8 or CD19 lost IL-10-producing MZ B cells and were resistant to Listeria. IL-10 increased intracellular Listeria in cDC1s indirectly by reducing inducible nitric oxide synthase expression early after infection and increasing intracellular Listeria in MZ metallophilic macrophages (MMMs). These MMMs trans-infected cDC1s, which, in turn, transported Listeria into the white pulp to prime CD8+ T cells. However, this also facilitated bacterial expansion. Therefore, IL-10-mediated crosstalk between B cells, macrophages, and cDC1s in the MZ promotes both Listeria infection and CD8+ T cell activation.
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25
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Zhang M, Yao C, Cai J, Liu S, Liu XN, Chen Y, Wang S, Ji P, Pan M, Kang Z, Wang Y. LRRK2 is involved in the pathogenesis of system lupus erythematosus through promoting pathogenic antibody production. J Transl Med 2019; 17:37. [PMID: 30670047 PMCID: PMC6343316 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies associated with polyclonal B cell hyperreactivity. Previous study reported that autophagy-related gene Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) was likely a susceptible gene for SLE. However, the pathogenic function of LRRK2 in SLE is undefined. Methods Using quantitative PCR, we compared the expression levels of LRRK2 in B cells between SLE patients and healthy controls. The expression levels of LRRK2 in in vitro induced CD19hi B cells and naïve B cells were compared as well based on RNA-seq assay. A pristane-induced lupus-like mouse model was used to explore the effects of LRRK2 on the development of SLE. IgG level, B cell subsets in the spleens and bone marrows and pathological features in the kidneys were compared between wildtype (WT) and Lrrk2−/− littermates. Results It was obvious that LRRK2 expression was dramatically up-regulated in primary B cells from SLE patients compared to those from healthy controls, as well as in activated CD19hi B cells. More significantly, LRRK2 expression in B cells was positively correlated with system lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), an indicator for disease severity, and serum IgG levels in SLE patients. Negative correlations were observed between LRRK2 expression and serum C3 or C4 levels, two clinical features associated with SLE-related nephritis. LRRK2 deficiency reduced the death rate of pristane treated mice. Decreased levels of total IgG and autoantibody were detected in the serum with less deposition of immune complexes and attenuated pathological symptoms in the kidneys of Lrrk2−/− mice. Consistent with the reduction in IgG production, the percentages of germinal center B cells and plasma cells decreased significantly as well with LRRK2 deficiency. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that LRRK2 expression is upregulated in B cells from SLE patients with strong correlations to disease severity. LRRK2 deficiency largely attenuates the pathogenic progress of lupus-like features in pristane-induced mice. This is probably achieved through affecting B cell terminal differentiation and subsequent immunoglobulin production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1786-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chengcheng Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xia-Nan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zizhen Kang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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26
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Romero-Ramírez S, Navarro-Hernandez IC, Cervantes-Díaz R, Sosa-Hernández VA, Acevedo-Ochoa E, Kleinberg-Bild A, Valle-Rios R, Meza-Sánchez DE, Hernández-Hernández JM, Maravillas-Montero JL. Innate-like B cell subsets during immune responses: Beyond antibody production. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:843-856. [PMID: 30457676 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0618-227r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are recognized for their crucial role in the adaptive immunity since they represent the only leukocyte lineage capable of differentiating into Ab-secreting cells. However, it has been demonstrated that these lymphocytes can exert several Ab-independent functions, including engulfing and processing Ags for presentation to T cells, secreting soluble mediators, providing co-stimulatory signals, and even participating in lymphoid tissues development. Beyond that, several reports claiming the existence of multiple B cell subsets contributing directly to innate immune responses have appeared. These "innate-like" B lymphocytes, whose phenotype, development pathways, tissue distribution, and functions are in most cases notoriously different from those of conventional B cells, are crucial to early protective responses against pathogens by exerting "crossover" defensive strategies that blur the established boundaries of innate and adaptive branches of immunity. Examples of these mechanisms include the rapid secretion of the polyspecific natural Abs, increased susceptibility to innate receptors-mediated activation, cytokine secretion, downstream priming of other innate cells, usage of specific variable immunoglobulin gene-segments, and other features. As these new insights emerge, it is becoming preponderant to redefine the functionality of B cells beyond their classical adaptive-immune tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Romero-Ramírez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itze C Navarro-Hernandez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Cervantes-Díaz
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor A Sosa-Hernández
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Acevedo-Ochoa
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ari Kleinberg-Bild
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Valle-Rios
- División de Investigación de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David E Meza-Sánchez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José M Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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27
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Du SW, Jacobs HM, Arkatkar T, Rawlings DJ, Jackson SW. Integrated B Cell, Toll-like, and BAFF Receptor Signals Promote Autoantibody Production by Transitional B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3258-3268. [PMID: 30373855 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The B cell survival cytokine BAFF has been linked with the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). BAFF binds distinct BAFF-family surface receptors, including the BAFF-R and transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI). Although originally characterized as a negative regulator of B cell activation, TACI signals are critical for class-switched autoantibody (autoAb) production in BAFF transgenic mice. Consistent with this finding, a subset of transitional splenic B cells upregulate surface TACI expression and contribute to BAFF-driven autoAb. In the current study, we interrogated the B cell signals required for transitional B cell TACI expression and Ab production. Surprisingly, despite established roles for dual BCR and TLR signals in autoAb production in SLE, signals downstream of these receptors exerted distinct impacts on transitional B cell TACI expression and autoAb titers. Whereas loss of BCR signals prevented transitional B cell TACI expression and resulted in loss of serum autoAb across all Ig isotypes, lack of TLR signals exerted a more limited impact restricted to autoAb class-switch recombination without altering transitional B cell TACI expression. Finally, in parallel with the protective effect of TACI deletion, loss of BAFF-R signaling also protected against BAFF-driven autoimmunity. Together, these findings highlight how multiple signaling pathways integrate to promote class-switched autoAb production by transitional B cells, events that likely impact the pathogenesis of SLE and other BAFF-dependent autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Du
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Holly M Jacobs
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Tanvi Arkatkar
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105
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28
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Singh N, Chin I, Gabriel P, Blaum E, Masli S. Dysregulated Marginal Zone B Cell Compartment in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome with Ocular Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103117. [PMID: 30314337 PMCID: PMC6213455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing lymphoma in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is 44 times higher than in the normal population with the most common lymphomas derived from marginal zone B (MZB) cells. Current understanding of the role of MZB cells in SS is primarily based on salivary gland pathology, while their contextual association with lacrimal glands and ocular manifestations largely remains unknown. We examined this possibility using a SS mouse model (thrombospondin-1 deficient (TSP1−/−)) with well-characterized ocular disease. We determined the frequency, localization, and cytokine profiles of MZB cells and their association with an antibody response in TSP1−/− mice treated with a TSP-derived peptide. A significantly increased frequency of MZB cells was detected in the spleens and lacrimal glands of TSP1−/− mice in comparison to wild-type tissues as detected by immunostaining. An altered cytokine profile of TSP1−/− MZB cells was supportive of T helper 17 (Th17)-related pathogenesis. A significantly reduced antibody response and the splenic MZB compartment against an eye-derived antigen were noted in TSP-derived peptide-treated mice. These changes correspond with the previously reported ability of the peptide to ameliorate SS-related ocular manifestations. Collectively, our results demonstrate dysregulation of MZB cells in TSP1−/− mice and highlight their role in the context of SS-related chronic ocular surface disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Ian Chin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Paul Gabriel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Emily Blaum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Sharmila Masli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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29
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Weiberg D, Basic M, Smoczek M, Bode U, Bornemann M, Buettner M. Participation of the spleen in the IgA immune response in the gut. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205247. [PMID: 30286198 PMCID: PMC6171922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the spleen in the induction of an immune response to orally administered antigens is still under discussion. Although it is well known that after oral antigen administration specific germinal centres are not only formed in the Peyers patches (PP) and the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) but also in the spleen, there is still a lack of functional data showing a direct involvement of splenic B cells in an IgA immune response in the gut. In addition, after removal of mLN a high level of IgA+ B cells was observed in the gut. Therefore, in this study we analysed the role of the spleen in the induction of IgA+ B cells in the gut after mice were orally challenged with antigens. Here we have shown that antigen specific splenic IgM+ B cells after in vitro antigen stimulation as well as oral immunisation of donor mice were able to migrate into the gut of recipient mice, where they predominantly switch to IgA+ plasma cells. Furthermore, stimulation of recipient mice by orally administered antigens enhanced the migration of the splenic B cells into the gut as well as their switch to IgA+ plasma cells. Removal of the mLN led to a higher activation level of the splenic B cells. Altogether, our results imply that splenic IgM+ B cells migrate in the intestinal lamina propria, where they differentiate into IgA+ plasma cells and subsequently proliferate. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the spleen plays a major role in the gut immune response serving as a reservoir of immune cells that migrate to the site of antigen entrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Weiberg
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margarethe Smoczek
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bode
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Bornemann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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30
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Hwang IY, Boularan C, Harrison K, Kehrl JH. Gα i Signaling Promotes Marginal Zone B Cell Development by Enabling Transitional B Cell ADAM10 Expression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:687. [PMID: 29696016 PMCID: PMC5904254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The follicular (FO) versus marginal zone (MZ) B cell fate decision in the spleen depends upon BCR, BAFF, and Notch2 signaling. Whether or how Gi signaling affects this fate decision is unknown. Here, we show that direct contact with Notch ligand expressing stromal cells (OP9-Delta-like 1) cannot promote normal MZ B cell development when progenitor B cells lack Gαi proteins, or if Gi signaling is disabled. Consistent with faulty ADAM10-dependent Notch2 processing, Gαi-deficient transitional B cells had low ADAM10 membrane expression levels and reduced Notch2 target gene expression. Immunoblotting Gαi-deficient B cell lysates revealed a reduction in mature, processed ADAM10. Suggesting that Gαi signaling promotes ADAM10 membrane expression, stimulating normal transitional B cells with CXCL12 raised it, while inhibiting Gαi nucleotide exchange blocked its upregulation. Surprisingly, inhibiting Gαi nucleotide exchange in transitional B cells also impaired the upregulation of ADAM10 that occurs following antigen receptor crosslinking. These results indicate that Gαi signaling supports ADAM10 maturation and activity in transitional B cells, and ultimately Notch2 signaling to promote MZ B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Young Hwang
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cedric Boularan
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,InvivoGen, Toulouse, France
| | - Kathleen Harrison
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John H Kehrl
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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31
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Liu J, Zhu H, Qian J, Xiong E, Zhang L, Wang YQ, Chu Y, Kubagawa H, Tsubata T, Wang JY. Fcµ Receptor Promotes the Survival and Activation of Marginal Zone B Cells and Protects Mice against Bacterial Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:160. [PMID: 29459869 PMCID: PMC5807594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The marginal zone B cells (MZB) are located at the interface between the circulation and lymphoid tissue and as a gatekeeper play important roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We have previously found that MZB are significantly reduced in mice deficient in the IgM Fc receptor (FcμR) but how FcμR regulates the development and function of MZB remains unknown. In this study, we found that both marginal zone precursor (MZP) and MZB were decreased in FcμR−/− mice. The reduction of MZP and MZB was not due to impaired proliferation of these cells but rather due to their increased death. Further analysis revealed that FcμR−/− MZB had reduced tonic BCR signal, as evidenced by their decreased levels of phosphorylated SYK and AKT relative to WT MZB. MZB in FcμR−/− mice responded poorly to LPS in vivo when compared with MZB in WT mice. Consistent with the reduced proportion of MZB and their impaired response to LPS, antibody production against the type 1 T-independent Ag, NP-LPS, was significantly reduced in FcμR−/− mice. Moreover, FcμR−/− mice were highly susceptible to Citrobacter rodentium-induced sepsis. These results reveal a critical role for FcμR in the survival and activation of MZB and in protection against acute bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanying Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ermeng Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lumin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Miyazaki T, Yamazaki T, Sugisawa R, Gershwin ME, Arai S. AIM associated with the IgM pentamer: attackers on stand-by at aircraft carrier. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:563-574. [PMID: 29375122 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating immunoglobulin M (IgM) exists in a pentameric form, possessing a polyreactive nature that responds not only to foreign antigens but also to autoantigens; thus, it is involved in both beneficial and detrimental immune responses, including protection from infection and the progression of autoimmunity. On the other hand, IgM also behaves as a carrier of the apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) protein, storing a large amount of the inactivated form of AIM in the blood through this association. Under different disease conditions, AIM can dissociate from IgM locally or systemically to exert its function, inducing the removal of various biological debris such as excess fat, bacteria, cancer cells or dead cell debris. Most typically, upon induction of acute kidney injury (AKI), IgM-free AIM is filtered by the glomerulus in the kidney, which stimulates the clearance of intraluminal dead cells debris at the obstructed proximal tubules, thereby facilitating the repair of kidney injury. Interestingly, cats exhibit a deficiency in AIM release from IgM, which may increase their susceptibility to renal failure. Conversely, association with AIM inhibits IgM binding to the Fcα/μ receptor on follicular dendritic cells at the splenic germinal center, thereby protecting the IgM immune complex from Fcα/μ receptor-mediated internalization, which supports IgM-dependent antigen presentation to B cells and stimulates high-affinity IgG antibody production. The regulation of AIM-IgM binding, resulting from the discovery of reciprocal actions between AIM and IgM, could lead to the development of novel therapies against different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sugisawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The University of California School of Medicine, Davis, 95616, USA, CA
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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33
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Ádori M, Pedersen GK, Ádori C, Erikson E, Khoenkhoen S, Stark JM, Choi JH, Dosenovic P, Karlsson MCI, Beutler B, Karlsson Hedestam GB. Altered Marginal Zone B Cell Selection in the Absence of IκBNS. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:775-787. [PMID: 29222168 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Marginal zone (MZ) B cells reside in the splenic MZ and play important roles in T cell-independent humoral immune responses against blood-borne pathogens. IκBNS-deficient bumble mice exhibit a severe reduction in the MZ B compartment but regain an MZ B population with age and, thus, represent a valuable model to examine the biology of MZ B cells. In this article, we characterized the MZ B cell defect in further detail and investigated the nature of the B cells that appear in the MZ of aged bumble mice. Flow cytometry analysis of the splenic transitional B cell subsets demonstrated that MZ B cell development was blocked at the transitional-1 to transitional-2-MZ precursor stage in the absence of functional IκBNS. Immunohistochemical analysis of spleen sections from wild-type and bumble mice revealed no alteration in the cellular MZ microenvironment, and analysis of bone marrow chimeras indicated that the MZ B cell development defect in bumble mice was B cell intrinsic. Further, we demonstrate that the B cells that repopulate the MZ in aged bumble mice were distinct from age-matched wild-type MZ B cells. Specifically, the expression of surface markers characteristic for MZ B cells was altered and the L chain Igλ+ repertoire was reduced in bumble mice. Finally, plasma cell differentiation of sorted LPS-stimulated MZ B cells was impaired, and aged bumble mice were unable to respond to NP-Ficoll immunization. These results demonstrate that IκBNS is required for an intact MZ B cell compartment in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ádori
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Csaba Ádori
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Elina Erikson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharesta Khoenkhoen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian M Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin Huk Choi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505
| | - Pia Dosenovic
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505
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34
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Mao Y, Nguyen T, Tonkin RS, Lees JG, Warren C, O'Carroll SJ, Nicholson LFB, Green CR, Moalem-Taylor G, Gorrie CA. Characterisation of Peptide5 systemic administration for treating traumatic spinal cord injured rats. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3033-3048. [PMID: 28725925 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of a Connexin43 mimetic peptide, Peptide5, has been shown to reduce secondary tissue damage and improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). This study investigated safety measures and potential off-target effects of Peptide5 systemic administration. Rats were subjected to a mild contusion SCI using the New York University impactor. One cohort was injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of fluorescently labelled Peptide5 and euthanised at 2 or 4 h post-injury for peptide distribution analysis. A second cohort received intraperitoneal injections of Peptide5 or a scrambled peptide and was culled at 8 or 24 h post-injury for the analysis of connexin proteins and systemic cytokine profile. We found that Peptide5 did not cross the blood-spinal cord barrier in control animals, but reached the lesion area in the spinal cord-injured animals without entering non-injured tissue. There was no evidence that the systemic administration of Peptide5 modulates Connexin43 protein expression or hemichannel closure in the heart and lung tissue of SCI animals. The expression levels of other major connexin proteins including Connexin30 in astrocytes, Connexin36 in neurons and Connexin47 in oligodendrocytes were also unaltered by systemic delivery of Peptide5 in either the injured or non-injured spinal cords. In addition, systemic delivery of Peptide5 had no significant effect on the plasma levels of cytokines, chemokines or growth factors. These data indicate that the systemic delivery of Peptide5 is unlikely to cause any off-target or adverse effects and may thus be a safe treatment option for traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Mao
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Tara Nguyen
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ryan S Tonkin
- Neuropathic Pain Research Group, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Justin G Lees
- Neuropathic Pain Research Group, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Caitlyn Warren
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Simon J O'Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and The Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Louise F B Nicholson
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and The Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Colin R Green
- Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- Neuropathic Pain Research Group, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Catherine A Gorrie
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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35
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Aranburu A, Piano Mortari E, Baban A, Giorda E, Cascioli S, Marcellini V, Scarsella M, Ceccarelli S, Corbelli S, Cantarutti N, De Vito R, Inserra A, Nicolosi L, Lanfranchi A, Porta F, Cancrini C, Finocchi A, Carsetti R. Human B-cell memory is shaped by age- and tissue-specific T-independent and GC-dependent events. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:327-344. [PMID: 27859047 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Switched and IgM memory B cells execute different and noninterchangeable functions. We studied memory B cells in children of different ages, in peripheral blood and spleen and compared them with those of children born asplenic or unable to build germinal centers. We show that, whereas switched memory B cells are mostly generated in the germinal centers at all ages, IgM memory B cells can be distinct in three types with different developmental history. Innate IgM memory B cells, the largest pool in infants, are generated in the spleen by a germinal center-independent mechanism. With age, if the spleen is present and germinal centers are functional, innate IgM memory B cells are remodelled and accumulate somatic mutations. The third type of IgM memory B cell is a by-product of the germinal center reaction. Our data suggest that the B-cell memory developmental program is implemented during the first 5-6 years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaitz Aranburu
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Anwar Baban
- Medical and Surgical Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome
| | - Ezio Giorda
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Cascioli
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Marcellini
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Scarsella
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Ceccarelli
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Sandro Corbelli
- Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cantarutti
- Medical and Surgical Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome
| | - Rita De Vito
- Division of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Inserra
- Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Nicolosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Porta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- DPUO, University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and University of Tor Vergata School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- DPUO, University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and University of Tor Vergata School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy.,Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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36
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Multiple Roles for B-Lymphocytes in Sjogren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5100087. [PMID: 27740602 PMCID: PMC5086589 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a complex heterogeneous autoimmune disease resulting in loss of salivary gland and lacrimal gland function that may include multiple systemic manifestations including lymphoma. Multiple cell types participate in disease pathogenesis. This review discusses evidence for abnormal B cell subpopulations in patients with SS, critical roles of B cells in SS and the status of B cell–directed therapies in the management of patients with SS.
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37
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Jacobs HM, Thouvenel CD, Leach S, Arkatkar T, Metzler G, Scharping NE, Kolhatkar NS, Rawlings DJ, Jackson SW. Cutting Edge: BAFF Promotes Autoantibody Production via TACI-Dependent Activation of Transitional B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3525-31. [PMID: 27022196 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mice overexpressing B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) develop systemic autoimmunity characterized by class-switched anti-nuclear Abs. Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) signals are critical for BAFF-mediated autoimmunity, but the B cell developmental subsets undergoing TACI-dependent activation in settings of excess BAFF remain unclear. We report that, although surface TACI expression is usually limited to mature B cells, excess BAFF promotes the expansion of TACI-expressing transitional B cells. TACI(+) transitional cells from BAFF-transgenic mice are characterized by an activated, cycling phenotype, and the TACI(+) cell subset is specifically enriched for autoreactivity, expresses activation-induced cytidine deaminase and T-bet, and exhibits evidence of somatic hypermutation. Consistent with a potential contribution to BAFF-mediated humoral autoimmunity, TACI(+) transitional B cells from BAFF-transgenic mice spontaneously produce class-switched autoantibodies ex vivo. These combined findings highlight a novel mechanism through which BAFF promotes humoral autoimmunity via direct, TACI-dependent activation of transitional B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Jacobs
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | | | - Sarah Leach
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Tanvi Arkatkar
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Genita Metzler
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | | | - Nikita S Kolhatkar
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
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38
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Min YN, Wang CY, Li XX, Hou Y, Qiu JH, Ma J, Shao LL, Zhang X, Wang YW, Peng J, Hou M, Shi Y. Participation of B-cell-activating factor receptors in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:559-71. [PMID: 26749059 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: Dysfunctional B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) system is related to many autoimmune diseases. The regulatory functions of BAFF/BAFF receptors were investigated in an in vitro coculture system. Different regulatory roles of BAFF were investigated via different receptors in immune thrombocytopenia. The upregulated BAFF receptors on autoreactive lymphocytes lead to their hypersensitivity to BAFF. SUMMARY BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains enigmatic. B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) and its receptors (BAFF receptor [BAFF-R], transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor [TACI], and B-cell maturation antigen) play central roles in the integrated homeostatic regulation of lymphocytes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the pathologic roles of BAFF receptors in regulating the bioactivities of lymphocytes in ITP. METHODS An in vitro culture system was established by stimulating CD14(-) peripheral lymphocytes with platelet-preloaded dendritic cells in the presence of recombinant human BAFF (rhBAFF; 20 ng mL(-1)). The functions of BAFF receptors were specifically blocked with blocking antibodies. RESULTS BAFF-R, besides prolonging the survival of B cells in both patients and healthy controls, prominently promoted the survival of CD8(+) T cells and the proliferation of B cells in patients with ITP. TACI, as a positive regulator, not only promoted the proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, but also significantly enhanced the secretion of interleukin-4 in patients with ITP, but not in controls. Besides revealing the pathologic roles of BAFF receptors, these results also indicate that lymphocytes of patients with ITP have enhanced antiapoptotic or proliferative capacity as compared with those from healthy controls when exposed under similar stimulation of rhBAFF. Further study demonstrated that activated autoreactive B cells and CD4(+) T cells from patients with ITP showed significantly higher expression of BAFF-R or TACI than those from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Both BAFF-R and TACI are pathogenic participants in ITP. Their dysregulated expression in patients with ITP may lead to hyperreactivity of activated autoreactive lymphocytes in response to rhBAFF, and thus is highly significant in the pathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-N Min
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - C-Y Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - X-X Li
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Y Hou
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - J-H Qiu
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - J Ma
- Department of General Medicine, Medical Research Institute for Tumor Prevention and Cure, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - L-L Shao
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - X Zhang
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Y-W Wang
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - J Peng
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - M Hou
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Y Shi
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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39
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Murira A, Lapierre P, Lamarre A. Evolution of the Humoral Response during HCV Infection: Theories on the Origin of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies and Implications for Vaccine Design. Adv Immunol 2015; 129:55-107. [PMID: 26791858 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Similar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, vaccine-induced elicitation of broadly neutralizing (bNt) antibodies (Abs) is gaining traction as a key goal toward the eradication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) pandemic. Previously, the significance of the Ab response against HCV was underappreciated given the prevailing evidence advancing the role of the cellular immune response in clearance and overall control of the infection. However, recent findings have driven growing interest in the humoral arm of the immune response and in particular the role of bNt responses due to their ability to confer protective immunity upon passive transfer in animal models. Nevertheless, the origin and development of bNt Abs is poorly understood and their occurrence is rare as well as delayed with emergence only observed in the chronic phase of infection. In this review, we characterize the interplay between the host immune response and HCV as it progresses from the acute to chronic phase of infection. In addition, we place these events in the context of current hypotheses on the origin of bNt Abs against the HIV-1, whose humoral immune response is better characterized. Based on the increasing significance of the humoral immune response against HCV, characterization of these events may be critical in understanding the development of the bNt responses and, thus, provide strategies toward effective vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armstrong Murira
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Pascal Lapierre
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Lamarre
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada.
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40
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Kolhatkar NS, Scharping NE, Sullivan JM, Jacobs HM, Schwartz MA, Khim S, Notarangelo LD, Thrasher AJ, Rawlings DJ, Jackson SW. B-cell intrinsic TLR7 signals promote depletion of the marginal zone in a murine model of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2773-9. [PMID: 26256668 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) exhibit prominent defects in splenic marginal zone (MZ), resulting in abnormal T-cell-independent antibody responses and increased bacterial infections. B-cell-intrinsic deletion of the affected gene WAS protein (WASp) markedly reduces splenic MZ B cells, without impacting the rate of MZ B-cell development, suggesting that abnormal B-cell retention within the MZ accounts for MZ defects in WAS. Since WASp regulates integrin-dependent actin cytoskeletal rearrangement, we previously hypothesized that defective B-cell integrin function promotes MZ depletion. In contrast, we now report that B-cell-intrinsic deletion of the TLR signaling adaptor MyD88 is sufficient to restore the MZ in WAS. We further identify TLR7, an endosomal single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) receptor, as the MyD88-dependent receptor responsible for WAS MZ depletion. These findings implicate spontaneous activation of MZ B cells by ssRNA-containing self-ligands (likely derived from circulating apoptotic material) as the mechanism underlying MZ depletion in WAS. Together, these data suggest a previously unappreciated role for B-cell intrinsic TLR signals in MZ homeostasis, of relevance to both pathogen responses and to the development of systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita S Kolhatkar
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jenna M Sullivan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Marc A Schwartz
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Socheath Khim
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Centre for Immunodeficiency, Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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41
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Díaz-Zaragoza M, Hernández-Ávila R, Viedma-Rodríguez R, Arenas-Aranda D, Ostoa-Saloma P. Natural and adaptive IgM antibodies in the recognition of tumor-associated antigens of breast cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1106-14. [PMID: 26133558 PMCID: PMC4530904 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For early detection of cancer, education and screening are important, but the most critical factor is the development of early diagnostic tools. Methods that recognize the warning signs of cancer and take prompt action lead to an early diagnosis; simple tests can identify individuals in a healthy population who have the disease but have not developed symptoms. Early detection of cancer is significant and is one of the most promising approaches by which to reduce the growing cancer burden and guide curative treatment. The early diagnosis of patients with breast cancer is challenging, since it is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Despite the advent of mammography in screening for breast cancer, low-resource, low-cost alternative tools must be implemented to complement mammography findings. IgM is part of the first line of defense of an organism and is responsible for recognizing and eliminating infectious particles and removing transformed cells. Most studies on breast cancer have focused on the development of IgG-like molecules as biomarkers or as a treatment for the advanced stages of cancer, but autoantibodies (IgM) and tumor-associated antigens (proteins or carbohydrates with aberrant structures) have not been examined as early diagnostic tools for breast cancer. The present review summarizes the function of natural and adaptive IgM in eliminating cancer cells in the early stages of pathology and their value as early diagnostic tools. IgM, as a component of the immune system, is being used to identify tumor-associated antigens and tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Díaz-Zaragoza
- Departamento de Immunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, México
| | - Ricardo Hernández-Ávila
- Departamento de Immunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, México
| | - Rubí Viedma-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06729 México, DF, México
| | - Diego Arenas-Aranda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06729 México, DF, México
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, México
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42
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Case JB, Bonami RH, Nyhoff LE, Steinberg HE, Sullivan AM, Kendall PL. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Synergizes with Notch2 To Govern Marginal Zone B Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:61-70. [PMID: 26034172 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of autoimmune-prone marginal zone (MZ) B cells has been implicated in type 1 diabetes. To test disease contributions of MZ B cells in NOD mice, Notch2 haploinsufficiency (Notch2(+/-)) was introduced but failed to eliminate the MZ, as it does in C57BL/6 mice. Notch2(+/-)/NOD have MZ B cell numbers similar to those of wild-type C57BL/6, yet still develop diabetes. To test whether BCR signaling supports Notch2(+/-)/NOD MZ B cells, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) deficiency was introduced. Surprisingly, MZ B cells failed to develop in Btk-deficient Notch2(+/-)/NOD mice. Expression of Notch2 and its transcriptional target, Hes5, was increased in NOD MZ B cells compared with C57BL/6 MZ B cells. Btk deficiency reduced Notch2(+/-) signaling exclusively in NOD B cells, suggesting that BCR signaling enhances Notch2 signaling in this autoimmune model. The role of BCR signaling was further investigated using an anti-insulin transgenic (Tg) BCR (125Tg). Anti-insulin B cells in 125Tg/Notch2(+/-)/NOD mice populate an enlarged MZ, suggesting that low-level BCR signaling overcomes reliance on Notch2. Tracking clonotypes of anti-insulin B cells in H chain-only VH125Tg/NOD mice showed that BTK-dependent selection into the MZ depends on strength of antigenic binding, whereas Notch2-mediated selection does not. Importantly, anti-insulin B cell numbers were reduced by Btk deficiency, but not Notch2 haploinsufficiency. These studies show that 1) Notch2 haploinsufficiency limits NOD MZ B cell expansion without preventing type 1 diabetes, 2) BTK supports the Notch2 pathway in NOD MZ B cells, and 3) autoreactive NOD B cell survival relies on BTK more than Notch2, regardless of MZ location, which may have important implications for disease-intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Case
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Rachel H Bonami
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lindsay E Nyhoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hannah E Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Allison M Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Peggy L Kendall
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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43
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Tedder TF. B10 cells: a functionally defined regulatory B cell subset. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1395-401. [PMID: 25663677 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
B cells are commonly thought to enhance inflammatory immune responses. However, specific regulatory B cell subsets recently were identified that downregulate adaptive and innate immunity, inflammation, and autoimmunity through diverse molecular mechanisms. In both mice and humans, a rare, but specific, subset of regulatory B cells is functionally characterized by its capacity to produce IL-10, a potent inhibitory cytokine. For clarity, this regulatory B cell subset has been labeled as B10 cells, because their ability to downregulate immune responses and inflammatory disease is fully attributable to IL-10, and their absence or loss exacerbates disease symptoms in mouse models. This review preferentially focuses on what is known about mouse B10 cell development, phenotype, and effector function, as well as on mechanistic studies that demonstrated their functional importance during inflammation, autoimmune disease, and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Tedder
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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44
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Kemmerling J, Fehlert E, Kuper CF, Rühl-Fehlert C, Stropp G, Vogels J, Krul C, Vohr HW. The transferability from rat subacute 4-week oral toxicity study to translational research exemplified by two pharmaceutical immunosuppressants and two environmental pollutants with immunomodulating properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:326-42. [PMID: 25823813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chemicals may have an influence on the immune system. Often, this is an unwanted effect but in some pharmaceuticals, it is the intended mechanism of action. Immune function tests and in depth histopathological investigations of immune organs were integrated in rodent toxicity studies performed according to an extended OECD test guideline 407 protocol. Exemplified by two immunosuppressive drugs, azathioprine and cyclosporine A, and two environmental chemicals, hexachlorobenzene and benzo[a]pyrene, results of subacute rat studies were compared to knowledge in other species particular in humans. Although immune function has a high concordance in mammalian species, regarding the transferability from rodents to humans various factors have to be taken into account. In rats, sensitivity seems to depend on factors such as strain, sex, stress levels as well as metabolism. The two immunosuppressive drugs showed a high similarity of effects in animals and humans as the immune system was the most sensitive target in both. Hexachlorobenzene gave an inconsistent pattern of effects when considering the immune system of different species. In some species pronounced inflammation was observed, whereas in primates liver toxicity seemed more obvious. Generally, the immune system was not the most sensitive target in hexachlorobenzene-treatment. Immune function tests in rats gave evidence of a reaction to systemic inflammation rather than a direct impact on immune cells. Data from humans are likewise equivocal. In the case of benzo[a]pyrene, the immune system was the most sensitive target in rats. In the in vitro plaque forming cell assay (Mishell-Dutton culture) a direct comparison of cells from different species including rat and human was possible and showed similar reactions. The doses in the rat study had, however, no realistic relation to human exposure, which occurs exclusively in mixtures and in a much lower range. In summary, a case by case approach is necessary when testing immunotoxicity. Improvements for the translation from animals to humans related to immune cells can be expected from in vitro tests which offer direct comparison with reactions of human immune cells. This may lead to a better understanding of results and variations seen in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kemmerling
- Bayer Pharma AG, GDD-GED-TOX-IT-Immunotoxicology, Aprather Weg, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Ellen Fehlert
- Department of Medicine IV, Eberhard-Karls University, Otfried-Müller Street 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Frieke Kuper
- TNO Innovation for Life, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gisela Stropp
- Bayer Pharma AG, GDD-GED-Product Stewardship Industrial Chemicals, Aprather Weg, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jack Vogels
- TNO Innovation for Life, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrille Krul
- TNO Innovation for Life, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Werner Vohr
- Bayer Pharma AG, GDD-GED-TOX-IT-Immunotoxicology, Aprather Weg, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
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45
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Frederico B, Chao B, May JS, Belz GT, Stevenson PG. A murid gamma-herpesviruses exploits normal splenic immune communication routes for systemic spread. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 15:457-70. [PMID: 24721574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-herpesviruses (γHVs) are widespread oncogenic pathogens that chronically infect circulating lymphocytes. How they subvert the immune check-point function of the spleen to promote persistent infection is not clear. We show that Murid Herpesvirus-4 (MuHV-4) enters the spleen by infecting marginal zone (MZ) macrophages, which provided a conduit to MZ B cells. Relocation of MZ B cells to the white pulp allowed virus transfer to follicular dendritic cells. From here the virus reached germinal center B cells to establish persistent infection. Mice lacking MZ B cells, or treated with a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist to dislocate them, were protected against MuHV-4 colonization. MuHV-4 lacking ORF27, which encodes a glycoprotein necessary for efficient intercellular spread, could infect MZ macrophages but was impaired in long-term infection. Thus, MuHV-4, a γHV, exploits normal immune communication routes to spread by serial lymphoid/myeloid exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frederico
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Brittany Chao
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Janet S May
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Philip G Stevenson
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK; Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre and Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
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46
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Ichikawa D, Asano M, Shinton SA, Brill-Dashoff J, Formica AM, Velcich A, Hardy RR, Hayakawa K. Natural anti-intestinal goblet cell autoantibody production from marginal zone B cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:606-14. [PMID: 25480561 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of a germline VH3609/D/JH2 IgH in mice results in the generation of B1 B cells with anti-thymocyte/Thy-1 glycoprotein autoreactivity by coexpression of Vk21-5/Jk2 L chain leading to production of serum IgM natural autoantibody. In these same mice, the marginal zone (MZ) B cell subset in spleen shows biased usage of a set of Ig L chains different from B1 B cells, with 30% having an identical Vk19-17/Jk1 L chain rearrangement. This VH3609/Vk19-17 IgM is reactive with intestinal goblet cell granules, binding to the intact large polymatrix form of mucin 2 glycoprotein secreted by goblet cells. Analysis of a μκ B cell AgR (BCR) transgenic (Tg) mouse with this anti-goblet cell/mucin2 autoreactive (AGcA) specificity demonstrates that immature B cells expressing the Tg BCR become MZ B cells in spleen by T cell-independent BCR signaling. These Tg B cells produce AGcA as the predominant serum IgM, but without enteropathy. Without the transgene, AGcA autoreactivity is low but detectable in the serum of BALB/c and C.B17 mice, and this autoantibody is specifically produced by the MZ B cell subset. Thus, our findings reveal that AGcA is a natural autoantibody associated with MZ B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiju Ichikawa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111; Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Masanao Asano
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111; Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113, Japan; and
| | | | | | | | - Anna Velcich
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467
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47
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Cunningham AF, Flores-Langarica A, Bobat S, Dominguez Medina CC, Cook CNL, Ross EA, Lopez-Macias C, Henderson IR. B1b cells recognize protective antigens after natural infection and vaccination. Front Immunol 2014; 5:535. [PMID: 25400633 PMCID: PMC4215630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are multiple, distinct B-cell populations in human beings and other animals such as mice. In the latter species, there is a well-characterized subset of B-cells known as B1 cells, which are enriched in peripheral sites such as the peritoneal cavity but are rare in the blood. B1 cells can be further subdivided into B1a and B1b subsets. There may be additional B1 subsets, though it is unclear if these are distinct populations or stages in the developmental process to become mature B1a and B1b cells. A limitation in understanding B1 subsets is the relative paucity of specific surface markers. In contrast to mice, the existence of B1 cells in human beings is controversial and more studies are needed to investigate the nature of these enigmatic cells. Examples of B1b antigens include pneumococcal polysaccharide and the Vi antigen from Salmonella Typhi, both used routinely as vaccines in human beings and experimental antigens such as haptenated-Ficoll. In addition to inducing classical T-dependent responses some proteins are B1b antigens and can induce T-independent (TI) immunity, examples include factor H binding protein from Borrelia hermsii and porins from Salmonella. Therefore, B1b antigens can be proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous, induce TI responses, memory, and immunity, they exist in a diverse range of pathogenic bacteria, and a single species can contain multiple B1b antigens. An unexpected benefit to studying B1b cells is that they appear to have a propensity to recognize protective antigens in bacteria. This suggests that studying B1b cells may be rewarding for vaccine design as immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic interventions become more important due to the decreasing efficacy of small molecule antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Cunningham
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Adriana Flores-Langarica
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Saeeda Bobat
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Carmen C Dominguez Medina
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Charlotte N L Cook
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Ewan A Ross
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Constantino Lopez-Macias
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI", Specialties Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Ian R Henderson
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
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48
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Grötsch B, Brachs S, Lang C, Luther J, Derer A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Bozec A, Fillatreau S, Berberich I, Hobeika E, Reth M, Wagner EF, Schett G, Mielenz D, David JP. The AP-1 transcription factor Fra1 inhibits follicular B cell differentiation into plasma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2199-212. [PMID: 25288397 PMCID: PMC4203943 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Grötsch et al. find that the AP-1 transcription factor Fra-1 limits the generation of antibody-producing plasma cells. Absence of Fra1 in B cells results in abnormally high numbers of plasma cells and increased antibody responses after vaccination. The cornerstone of humoral immunity is the differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. This process is tightly controlled by a regulatory gene network centered on the transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1). Proliferation of activated B cells is required to foster Blimp1 expression but needs to be terminated to avoid overshooting immune reactions. Activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors become quickly up-regulated upon B cell activation. We demonstrate that Fra1, a Fos member of AP-1, enhances activation-induced cell death upon induction in activated B cells. Moreover, mice with B cell–specific deletion of Fra1 show enhanced plasma cell differentiation and exacerbated antibody responses. In contrast, transgenic overexpression of Fra1 blocks plasma cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production, which cannot be rescued by Bcl2. On the molecular level, Fra1 represses Blimp1 expression and interferes with binding of the activating AP-1 member c-Fos to the Blimp1 promoter. Conversely, overexpression of c-Fos in Fra1 transgenic B cells releases Blimp1 repression. As Fra1 lacks transcriptional transactivation domains, we propose that Fra1 inhibits Blimp1 expression and negatively controls plasma cell differentiation through binding to the Blimp1 promoter. In summary, we demonstrate that Fra1 negatively controls plasma cell differentiation by repressing Blimp1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Grötsch
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Lang
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Luther
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany Institute for Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Derer
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, D10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Berberich
- Institute for Virology und Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, D97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elias Hobeika
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty for Biology, and Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, University of Freiburg, D79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Reth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty for Biology, and Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, University of Freiburg, D79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Spanish National Cancer Center, Genes, Development and Disease Group, E28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georg Schett
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre David
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany Institute for Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany
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49
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Brachs S, Turqueti-Neves A, Stein M, Reimer D, Brachvogel B, Bösl M, Winkler T, Voehringer D, Jäck HM, Mielenz D. Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 limits germinal center responses and humoral type 2 immunity. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3206-19. [PMID: 25092375 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Activated B cells are selected for in germinal centers by regulation of their apoptosis. The Ca2+ -binding cytoskeletal adaptor protein Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 (EFhd2) can promote apoptosis in activated B cells. We therefore hypothesized that EFhd2 might limit humoral immunity by repressing both the germinal center reaction and the expected enhancement of immune responses in the absence of EFhd2. Here, we established EFhd2(-/-) mice on a C57BL/6 background, which revealed normal B- and T-cell development, basal Ab levels, and T-cell independent type 1, and T-cell independent type 2 responses. However, T cell-dependent immunization with sheep red blood cells and infection with the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (N.b) increased production of antibodies of multiple isotypes, as well as germinal center formation in EFhd2(-/-) mice. In addition, serum IgE levels and numbers of IgE+ plasma cells were strongly increased in EFhd2(-/-) mice, both after primary as well as after secondary N.b infection. Finally, mixed bone marrow chimeras unraveled an EFhd2-dependent B cell-intrinsic contribution to increased IgE plasma cell numbers in N.b-infected mice. Hence, we established a role for EFhd2 as a negative regulator of germinal center-dependent humoral type 2 immunity, with implications for the generation of IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brachs
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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50
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Deng XM, Yan SX, Wei W. IL-21 acts as a promising therapeutic target in systemic lupus erythematosus by regulating plasma cell differentiation. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:31-9. [PMID: 25088225 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells, which secrete auto-antibodies, are considered to be the arch-criminal of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, but there are many cytokines involved in inducing the differentiation of B-cell subsets into plasma cells. Here, we emphasize IL-21, which has emerged as the most potent inducer of plasma cell differentiation. In this review, we focused on the promoting effects of IL-21 on plasma cell differentiation and discuss how these effects contribute to B cell-mediated autoimmune disease.
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