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Aydin F, Tarhane S, Karakaya E, Abay S, Kayman T, Güran Ö, Bozkurt E, Üzüm N, Avci A, Olgun K, Jablonski D, Güran C, Burçin Saticioğlu İ. Helicobacter cappadocius sp. nov., from lizards: The first psychrotrophic Helicobacter species. Syst Appl Microbiol 2024; 47:126557. [PMID: 39418853 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
It was aimed to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter in some reptilian and amphibian species in Türkiye and to describe the bacteria. For this purpose, 73 cloacal swab samples were used as material. The description of the isolates was performed by detailed phenotypic tests, whole genome analyses, and MALDI-TOF MS. As a result of the phenotypic analysis, two helical, curved Gram-negative, motile isolates were recovered. It was determined through the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences that two isolates belonged to the genus Helicobacter. These isolates were found to be in a distinct group from other Helicobacter species. However, the 16S rRNA sequence did not match any identified species, with the closest match being Helicobacter mustelae strain R85-13-6T, which had an identity level of 96.2 %. Additionally, it was found that strains faydin-H75T and faydin-H76 had a 99.3 % identity level for their 16S rRNA genes. After conducting dDDH and ANI analyses, it was found that strains faydin-H75T and their close neighbors H.anseris ATCC BAA-1299T shared 13.5 % and 68.8 % similarity, respectively. The genome size of the strains was 1.7 Mb while G + C contents were 33.5 %. Metagenomic analyses using IMNGS and Protologger tools revealed the presence of faydin-H75T in various lizard species with high similarity, confirming its broad distribution and host specificity. The results indicated that these two strains represent a novel species, for which we propose the name Helicobacter cappadocius with faydin-H75T (=NCTC014972 = LMG 33382 = DSM117062) as the respective type strain. The current novel species is the first Helicobacter species to exhibit a psychrotrophic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Aydin
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Serdal Tarhane
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Eldivan Vocational School of Health Service, Veterinary Department, Çankırı, Türkiye
| | - Emre Karakaya
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Seçil Abay
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Türkiye.
| | - Tuba Kayman
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | - Özgür Güran
- Erciyes University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Emin Bozkurt
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Eldivan Vocational School of Health Service, Veterinary Department, Çankırı, Türkiye
| | - Nazan Üzüm
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Aydın, Türkiye
| | - Aziz Avci
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Aydın, Türkiye
| | - Kurtuluş Olgun
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Aydın, Türkiye
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Department of Zoology, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Cansu Güran
- Erciyes University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - İzzet Burçin Saticioğlu
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Bursa, Türkiye
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Battista F, Martinelli AG, Ribeiro AM, de Andrade MB, Schultz CL. First record of rhynchosaurs (Archosauromorpha: Rhynchosauria: Hyperodapedontinae) from the early Late Triassic Santacruzodon Assemblage Zone of the Santa Maria Supersequence, Brazil. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 39390915 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Rhynchosauria is a group of extinct, exclusively Triassic, terrestrial, and herbivorous archosauromorphs, characterized by a peculiar maxillary-mandibular apparatus. They reached global distribution during the Carnian, with the Hyperodapedontinae clade. The rhynchosaurian record from South America is included in the Ladinian-?earliest Carnian Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone (Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence, Brazil) and Tarjadia Assemblage Zone (Chañares Formation, Argentina), and for strictly Carnian Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone (Lower Candelária Sequence, Brazil) and Ischigualasto Formation (Argentina). Here, we present the first record of Hyperodapedontinae from the Brazilian Early Carnian Santacruzodon Assemblage Zone (Santa Cruz Sequence). The most diagnostic elements belong to a nearly complete left pes, which presents a combination of hyperodapedontine traits. The presence of a second individual of cf. Hyperodapedontinae is based on a fragmentary, isolated left metatarsal IV. An isolated fragment of premaxilla could belong to the second specimen (based on preservation mode) or to a third individual. This new report fills a gap within the South American rhynchosaurian distribution, strengthening biostratigraphic correlation with other regions from Gondwana (i.e., Madagascar), where similar and coeval faunas are known. The inclusion of these specimens in a phylogenetic dataset resulted in low resolution results, due to missing data because postcranial characters for rhynchosaurs are still poorly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Battista
- Laboratório de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Agustín G Martinelli
- Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Maria Ribeiro
- Seção de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Museu de Ciências Naturais do Rio Grande do Sul, Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar L Schultz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Clark AD, Atterholt J, Scannella JB, Carroll N, O’Connor JK. New enantiornithine diversity in the Hell Creek Formation and the functional morphology of the avisaurid tarsometatarsus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310686. [PMID: 39383133 PMCID: PMC11463745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Enantiornithines were the most diverse group of birds during the Cretaceous, comprising over half of all known species from this period. The fossil record and subsequently our knowledge of this clade is heavily skewed by the wealth of material from Lower Cretaceous deposits in China. In contrast, specimens from Upper Cretaceous deposits are rare and typically fragmentary, yet critical for understanding the extinction of this clade across the K-Pg boundary. The most complete North American Late Cretaceous enantiornithine is Mirarce eatoni, a member of the diverse clade Avisauridae. Except for Mirarce, avisaurids are known only from isolated hindlimb elements from North and South America. Here we describe three new enantiornithines from the Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation, two of which represent new avisaurid taxa. These materials represent a substantial increase in the known diversity of Enantiornithes in the latest Cretaceous. Re-examination of material referred to Avisauridae through phylogenetic analysis provides strong support for a more exclusive Avisauridae consisting of six taxa. Exploration of the functional morphology of the avisaurid tarsometatarsus indicates potential strong constriction and raptorial attributes. The lower aspect ratio of the tarsometatarsus facilitates a more biomechanically efficient lever system which in extant birds of prey equates to lifting proportionally heavier prey items. In addition, the proportional size and distal position of the m. tibialis cranialis tubercle of the tarsometatarsus is similar to the morphology seen in extant birds of prey. Together with the deeply-grooved metatarsal trochlea facilitating robust and likely powerful pedal digits, morphologies of the hindlimb suggest avisaurids as Late Cretaceous birds of prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Clark
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Negaunee Integrative Resource Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jessie Atterholt
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - John B. Scannella
- Museum of the Rockies and Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Nathan Carroll
- Carter County Museum, Carter County, MT, United States of America
| | - Jingmai K. O’Connor
- Negaunee Integrative Resource Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Cui Y, Bardin J, Wipfler B, Demers-Potvin A, Bai M, Tong YJ, Chen GN, Chen H, Zhao ZY, Ren D, Béthoux O. A winged relative of ice-crawlers in amber bridges the cryptic extant Xenonomia and a rich fossil record. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:1645-1656. [PMID: 38454304 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Until the advent of phylogenomics, the atypical morphology of extant representatives of the insect orders Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) and Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) had confounding effects on efforts to resolve their placement within Polyneoptera. This recent research has unequivocally shown that these species-poor groups are closely related and form the clade Xenonomia. Nonetheless, divergence dates of these groups remain poorly constrained, and their evolutionary history debated, as the few well-identified fossils, characterized by a suite of morphological features similar to that of extant forms, are comparatively young. Notably, the extant forms of both groups are wingless, whereas most of the pre-Cretaceous insect fossil record is composed of winged insects, which represents a major shortcoming of the taxonomy. Here, we present new specimens embedded in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar and belonging to the recently described species Aristovia daniili. The abundant material and pristine preservation allowed a detailed documentation of the morphology of the species, including critical head features. Combined with a morphological data set encompassing all Polyneoptera, these new data unequivocally demonstrate that A. daniili is a winged stem Grylloblattodea. This discovery demonstrates that winglessness was acquired independently in Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea. Concurrently, wing apomorphic traits shared by the new fossil and earlier fossils demonstrate that a large subset of the former "Protorthoptera" assemblage, representing a third of all known insect species in some Permian localities, are genuine representatives of Xenonomia. Data from the fossil record depict a distinctive evolutionary trajectory, with the group being both highly diverse and abundant during the Permian but experiencing a severe decline from the Triassic onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cui
- College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jérémie Bardin
- CR2P (Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris), MNHN - CNRS - Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Wipfler
- MorphoLab, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of the Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Jie Tong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Grace Nuoxi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Olivier Béthoux
- CR2P (Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris), MNHN - CNRS - Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Dias PHDS, Phillips JR, Pereyra MO, Means DB, Haas A, Kok PJR. The remarkable larval morphology of Rhaebo nasicus (Werner, 1903) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) with the erection of a new bufonid genus and insights into the evolution of suctorial tadpoles. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2024; 10:17. [PMID: 39350283 PMCID: PMC11440901 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-024-00241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Tadpoles serve as crucial evidence for testing systematic and taxonomic hypotheses. Suctorial tadpoles collected in Guyana were initially assigned to Rhaebo nasicus through molecular phylogeny. Subsequent analysis of larval and adult morphological traits revealed synapomorphies within the clade encompassing R. nasicus and R. ceratophrys, prompting the recognition of a new genus described herein as Adhaerobufo. The new genus is distinguished from other bufonids by specific phenotypic traits including an enlarged, suctorial oral disc with distinct papillae arrangements, and the presence of certain muscles and narial vacuities at the larval stage. However, only a few adult external characteristics (e.g., enlarged eyelids, infraocular cream spot), seem to be reliably discriminative from related genera. This study underscores the significance of larval morphology in anuran systematics and offers new insights into the evolution of suctorial and gastromyzophorous larvae within bufonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Dos Santos Dias
- Leibniz Institut zur Analyse des Bioaffiliationersitätswandels, Zoologisches Museum Hamburg, Zentrum für Taxonomie und Morphologie, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Martín O Pereyra
- CONICET - Agencia INTA General Acha, Avellaneda 530 (8200), General Acha, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - D Bruce Means
- Coastal Plains Institute and Land Conservancy, 1313 Milton Street, Tallahassee, Florida, 32303, USA
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32303, USA
| | - Alexander Haas
- Leibniz Institut zur Analyse des Bioaffiliationersitätswandels, Zoologisches Museum Hamburg, Zentrum für Taxonomie und Morphologie, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philippe J R Kok
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Str., Łódź, 90-237, Poland.
- Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
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Kanchanasin P, Salahong T, Sripreechasak P, Suriyachadkun C, Harunari E, Igarashi Y, Tanasupawat S, Tawinwung S, Vimolmangkang S, Chaotham C, Phongsopitanun W. Discovery of two new actinobacteria, Micromonospora palythoicola sp. nov. and Streptomyces poriticola sp. nov., isolated from marine invertebrates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22140. [PMID: 39333582 PMCID: PMC11436869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates represent an underexplored reservoir for actinobacteria, which are known to synthesize novel bioactive compounds. This study isolated 37 actinobacterial strains from five distinct marine invertebrate hosts, namely Chondrilla australiensis, Palythoa sp., Favia sp., Porites lutea, and Acropora cervicornis, while no strains were obtained from Lissoclinum sp. and Lithophyllon sp. These isolates were taxonomically classified into six genera: Gordonia, Microbacterium, Micromonospora, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, and Streptomyces, with Streptomyces and Micromonospora being notably predominant. Comparative genomic analysis facilitated the identification of two novel species: Micromonospora palythoicola sp. nov. (strain S2-005T = TBRC 18343T and NBRC 116545T) and Streptomyces poriticola sp. nov. (strain C6-003T, =TBRC 17807T and NBRC 116425T). Both species exhibited substantial genetic differences from their nearest known species as demonstrated by digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity scores, which fell below the thresholds of 70% and 95%, respectively. Streptomyces poriticola C6-003T displayed significant antimicrobial activity and selective cytotoxicity against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, with reduced toxicity towards human dermal papilla cells. Micromonospora palythoicola S2-005T manifested antimicrobial properties against Streptococcus mutans and Kocuria rhizophila. These findings highlight the considerable diversity of actinobacteria within marine invertebrates and underscore their potential as a source of new species with promising biological properties for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawina Kanchanasin
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanarat Salahong
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paranee Sripreechasak
- Office of Educational Affairs, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Chanwit Suriyachadkun
- Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Enjuro Harunari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Somboon Tanasupawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supannikar Tawinwung
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phamaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wongsakorn Phongsopitanun
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products and Nanoparticles (RP2), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Yu K, Zhang F, Wang Y, Maddison WP, Zhang J. Robust phylogenomics settles controversies of classification and reveals evolution of male embolic complex of the Laufeia clade (Araneae, Salticidae, Euophryini). Cladistics 2024. [PMID: 39315706 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Laufeia clade is a peculiar lineage of euophryine jumping spiders showing rapid divergence of male genital structures, especially the embolic complex that directly interacts with female genitalia during sperm transfer. With the rapid growth of species discovery and the perplexing morphology of male genitalia in the Laufeia clade, the controversy in its classification has become a crucial problem. In this study, we applied a phylogenomic approach using ultra-conserved elements data to infer the phylogeny of the Laufeia clade with extensive taxon sampling. A comparative morphological study was performed to evaluate diagnostic characters and understand the evolution of the male embolic complex within the Laufeia clade. The evolution of microhabitats (foliage, tree trunk, rock and surface litter) was also investigated to uncover the potential link between the microhabitat shifts and male embolic complex divergence. The results provide a strongly supported phylogenetic framework and updated generic concepts for the Laufeia clade. The synapomorphies for the updated genera within the Laufeia clade were identified through character mapping on the phylogeny. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses revealed that the Type I embolic complex (characterized by a disc-like embolic disc with a lamina as its outer edge) was ancestral and gradually evolved into the Type II (without lamina of embolic disc, base of embolic complex often modified into a functional "conductor") and Type III (lacking lamina of embolic disc and base of embolic complex) embolic complex, and that some embolic shapes evolved multiple times independently in different lineages of the Laufeia clade. The shift from foliage-dwelling to tree trunk-dwelling in the common ancestor of the Laufeia clade may have facilitated the divergent evolution of male embolic complex in the Laufeia clade. This study provides a solid foundation for future studies of systematics and evolution of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Yaozhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Wayne P Maddison
- Department of Zoology and Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
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Liu R, Wang WJ, Wang H, Ree RH, Li DZ, Yu WB. Plant species diversification in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region: an example from an endemic lineage of Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) in the role of floral specializations and rapid range expansions. Cladistics 2024. [PMID: 39258812 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The c. 270 endemic species of Pedicularis in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains (HHM) region exhibit high diversity in geographic distribution, elevational range and floral morphology. Many of these, including the species with the longest corolla tubes and beaked galeas, are monophyletic and represent a putative in situ radiation. In this study, we focus on the representative Clade 3 within the HHM region. We integrate the plastid phylogeny of this clade with environmental data and species distributions to infer environmental correlates of species diversity. We estimate macroevolutionary rates and reconstructed ancestral states for geographic ranges and corolla traits, and analyse patterns of range overlap and niche evolution to assess drivers of diversification in the HHM region. Our results show that the region from northwest Yunnan to southwest Sichuan is the centre of diversity for this clade of Pedicularis. Rates of diversification are associated with precipitation and multiple environmental factors. Multiple range expansions from the Sanjiang (Three Parallel Rivers) region, followed by allopatric speciation across the HHM region, contributed to early rapid diversification. Corolla traits are not significantly associated with species diversification. This study highlights the importance of integrated evidence for understanding species diversification dynamics and contributes to our understanding of the origins of the remarkable richness of plant species in the HHM region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Center for Integrative Conservation and Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Wei-Jia Wang
- Center for Integrative Conservation and Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Hong Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 101408, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Richard H Ree
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, 60605, USA
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation and Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
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9
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Al-Senosy NK, El-Kattan N, Hassan EA, Abd-Elhady HM, Hazem A, Ashour MA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Therapeutic Role of Secondary Metabolites from Probiotic Strains for Ehrlich Solid Tumors in Mice. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:352. [PMID: 39261309 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen the bioactive components in Streptococcus equinus WC1 (SE-WC1) and Limosilactobacillus reuteri GM4 (LR-GM4) and estimate the therapeutic role in Ehrlich solid tumors (EST) mice model. Forty-four male albino EST mice were assigned into 7 groups and treated daily for 2 weeks, including the EST group, the EST mice that received SE-WC1 at a low or a high dose (0.5 ml *106 or 0.5 ml *108 cfu), the EST mice that received LR-GM4 at the low or the high dose (0.5 ml *106 or 0.5 ml *108 cfu), and the EST mice that received SE-WC1 plus LR-GM4 at the low or the high dose. Tumors were harvested, weighed, examined, and used for the determination of apoptosis-related gene expression. Samples of the intestine, liver, and kidney were gathered for histological examination. The GC-MS identified 24 and 36 bioactive compounds in SE-WC1 and LR-GM4, respectively. The main compound in SE-WC1 was lupeol; however, the main compound in LR-GM4 was retinaldehyde. EST mice showed disturbances in Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 mRNA expression along with histological changes in the intestine, liver, and kidney. Administration of both bacterial strains reduced the tumor weight, alleviated the disturbances in the gene expression, and improved the histological structure of the intestine, liver, and kidney in a dose-dependent. Moreover, LR-GM4 was more effective than SE-WC1 due to its higher content of bioactive compounds. It could be concluded that these strains of probiotics are promising for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neima K Al-Senosy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura El-Kattan
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enas A Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hemmat M Abd-Elhady
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelkader Hazem
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Ashour
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Mocho P, Escaso F, Marcos-Fernández F, Páramo A, Sanz JL, Vidal D, Ortega F. A Spanish saltasauroid titanosaur reveals Europe as a melting pot of endemic and immigrant sauropods in the Late Cretaceous. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1016. [PMID: 39232208 PMCID: PMC11375222 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A new lithostrotian titanosaur, Qunkasaura pintiquiniestra gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a single partial skeleton from the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian fossil-site of Lo Hueco (Cuenca, Spain). This new taxon is supported by an exclusive combination of characters that highlights strong convergences with members of the South American Aeolosaurini. Qunkasaura allows to reorganise the complex phylogenetic relationships of the increasingly diverse finicretaceous sauropods of Europe. Phylogenetic analyses places Qunkasaura within Saltasauridae and possibly Opisthocoelicaudiinae, together with Abditosaurus. A new clade is established, Lohuecosauria, including Saltasaurus, Lohuecotitan, their most recent common ancestor and all its descendants. Two distinct Ibero-Armorican Campanian-Maastrichtian saltasauroid lineages are recognised: (i) Lirainosaurinae that is exclusive from Europe, and (ii) a saltasaurid lineage with possible opisthocoelicaudiine affinities, with a Laurasian distribution. Lirainosaurinae was a relict lineage including possible dwarf forms that evolved in isolation after reaching Europe before the Late Cretaceous through the Apulian route. The occurrence of opisthocoelicaudiines in Europe may be the result of a Late Cretaceous interchange between Europe and Asia. No evidence of insular dwarfism is found in the Ibero-Armorican opisthocoelicaudiines suggesting that they may have been newcomers to the area that arrived before the 'Maastrichtian Dinosaur Turnover' in southwestern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mocho
- Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain.
- The Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Fernando Escaso
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Marcos-Fernández
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Bellas Artes, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Páramo
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Interpretación Paleontológica de La Rioja, Government of La Rioja, La Rioja, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Paleontología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Vidal
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
- Department of Organismal Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
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11
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Olivera-Pérez CI, Lagunas-Calvo O, Cortés-González V, Oceguera-Figueroa A, García-Prieto L, Peña-Ortiz S, Hernández-Piñamora LA, Reyna-Fabián ME. First Molecular Diagnosis of Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1758) Larvae Causing Conjunctival Ophthalmomyiasis in Mexico City, Mexico. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:1382-1388. [PMID: 39052127 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human ophthalmomyiasis is a rare ocular parasitosis that results from the accidental infestation of dipteran larvae of several species, including Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1758). This study aims to present the fourth documented human case of ophthalmomyiasis in Mexico, identifying the etiological agent through morphological and molecular analyses. Additionally, we investigated the phylogenetic position and genetic distances among different specimens globally characterized based on mitochondrial Cox1 sequences. METHODS A total of five larval specimens were extracted from the patient's eye, with two specimens allocated for identification based on morphological features using a stereomicroscope, and the remaining three preserved in absolute ethanol, one of them used for subsequent analysis using molecular methods. The mitochondrial Cox1 region was amplified and sequenced using automated Sanger sequencing. The resulting sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number OR440699 and subjected to BlastN analysis against 35 other Cox1 sequences of O. ovis from GenBank. The identity and phylogenetic position of the strains were further explored using parsimony and maximum likelihood phylogenetic methods. RESULTS Morphological examination of the larval specimens extracted from the patient's eye unequivocally identified them as O. ovis species. BlastN analysis and comprehensive phylogenetic investigations involving a total of 36 Cox1 sequences confirmed the taxonomic identity of the larvae. Notably, our sequence was positioned within the cluster formed by the Brazilian and two Iranian samples. This finding underscores a shared genetic ancestry among these distinct geographical isolates and provides valuable insights into the evolutionary relationships within O. ovis populations. CONCLUSION The presence of O. ovis infestation in Mexico City suggests potential shifts in environmental conditions favoring fly proliferation, highlighting the need for vigilance in urban healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Isabel Olivera-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Omar Lagunas-Calvo
- Laboratorio de Helmintología, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Vianney Cortés-González
- Departamento de Genética, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México, Ciudad de México, 04030, México
| | - Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Helmintología, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Luis García-Prieto
- Laboratorio de Helmintología, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Samuel Peña-Ortiz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México, Ciudad de México, 04030, México
| | | | - Miriam Erandi Reyna-Fabián
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Subdirección de Investigación Médica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, 04530, México.
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12
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Mule SN, Alemán EV, Rosa-Fernandes L, Saad JS, de Oliveira GS, Martins D, Angeli CB, Brandt-Almeida D, Cortez M, Larsen MR, Shaw JJ, Teixeira MMG, Palmisano G. Leishmaniinae: Evolutionary inferences based on protein expression profiles (PhyloQuant) congruent with phylogenetic relationships among Leishmania, Endotrypanum, Porcisia, Zelonia, Crithidia, and Leptomonas. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2100313. [PMID: 38850190 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Evolutionary relationships among parasites of the subfamily Leishmaniinae, which comprises pathogen agents of leishmaniasis, were inferred based on differential protein expression profiles from mass spectrometry-based quantitative data using the PhyloQuant method. Evolutionary distances following identification and quantification of protein and peptide abundances using Proteome Discoverer and MaxQuant software were estimated for 11 species from six Leishmaniinae genera. Results clustered all dixenous species of the genus Leishmania, subgenera L. (Leishmania), L. (Viannia), and L. (Mundinia), sister to the dixenous species of genera Endotrypanum and Porcisia. Placed basal to the assemblage formed by all these parasites were the species of genera Zelonia, Crithidia, and Leptomonas, so far described as monoxenous of insects although eventually reported from humans. Inferences based on protein expression profiles were congruent with currently established phylogeny using DNA sequences. Our results reinforce PhyloQuant as a valuable approach to infer evolutionary relationships within Leishmaniinae, which is comprised of very tightly related trypanosomatids that are just beginning to be phylogenetically unraveled. In addition to evolutionary history, mapping of species-specific protein expression is paramount to understand differences in infection processes, tissue tropisms, potential to jump from insects to vertebrates including humans, and targets for species-specific diagnostic and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ngao Mule
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evaristo Villalba Alemán
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce S Saad
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Deivid Martins
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Blanes Angeli
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah Brandt-Almeida
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Cortez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Røssel Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DK, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey J Shaw
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta M G Teixeira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Ribeiro TB, Albuquerque AS, Bragança T, Pereira PVLGC. A lost tooth in the jungle: revisiting the sole dinosaurian record from northern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20231180. [PMID: 39140522 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420231180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The record of Mesozoic reptiles in the Northern region of Brazil is extremely limited, with the only definite occurrence consisting of two ziphodont teeth recovered from an oil well core in the municipality of Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas state, from strata of the Alter do Chão Formation (Cenomanian) of the Amazonas Basin. In this study, we aim to reevaluate MCT.R.514 using the most recent methodologies available for the identification of isolated theropod teeth. The cladistic analyses recovered MCT.R.514 as a possible metriacanthosaurid or non carcharodontosaurid allosauroid while the LDAs showed affinities between the specimen and Abelisauridae, Piatniktzysauridae, and Tyrannosauridae. MCT.R.514 was assigned as an abelisaurid due to its overall morphology that lacked metriacanthosaurid synapomorphies (i.e. spiraling mesial carina, strongly labially displaced distal carina, and well-marked mesiolingual longitudinal groove), while maintaining homoplastic features between both groups (i.e. irregular enamel texture, a lingually biconcave cross section, and a straight distal margin). This, together with a mostly Laurasian distribution of Metriacanthosauridae favors the assignment of MCT.R.514 as an abelisaurid as the most parsimonious hypothesis in this occasion. The identification of the specimen as an abelisaurid further expands the still scarce "Mid'' Cretaceous record of this clade in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo B Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Macrofósseis, Departamento de Geologia, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 274, CCMN, 21941-611 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Athirson S Albuquerque
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Macrofósseis, Departamento de Geologia, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 274, CCMN, 21941-611 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bragança
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Macrofósseis, Departamento de Geologia, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 274, CCMN, 21941-611 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Victor Luiz G C Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Macrofósseis, Departamento de Geologia, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 274, CCMN, 21941-611 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Golubev S, Rasterkovskaya M, Sungurtseva I, Burov A, Muratova A. Phenanthrene-Degrading and Nickel-Resistant Neorhizobium Strain Isolated from Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Rhizosphere of Medicago sativa L. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1586. [PMID: 39203428 PMCID: PMC11356111 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollutant degradation and heavy-metal resistance may be important features of the rhizobia, making them promising agents for environment cleanup biotechnology. The degradation of phenanthrene, a three-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), by the rhizobial strain Rsf11 isolated from the oil-polluted rhizosphere of alfalfa and the influence of nickel ions on this process were studied. On the basis of whole-genome and polyphasic taxonomy, the bacterium Rsf11 represent a novel species of the genus Neorhizobium, so the name Neorhizobium phenanthreniclasticum sp. nov. was proposed. Analysis of phenanthrene degradation by the Rsf1 strain revealed 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid as the key intermediate and the activity of two enzymes apparently involved in PAH degradation. It was also shown that the nickel resistance of Rsf11 was connected with the extracellular adsorption of metal by EPS. The joint presence of phenanthrene and nickel in the medium reduced the degradation of PAH by the microorganism, apparently due to the inhibition of microbial growth but not due to the inhibition of the activity of the PAH degradation enzymes. Genes potentially involved in PAH catabolism and nickel resistance were discovered in the microorganism studied. N. phenanthreniclasticum strain Rsf11 can be considered as a promising candidate for use in the bioremediation of mixed PAH-heavy-metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Muratova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov 410049, Russia; (S.G.); (M.R.); (I.S.); (A.B.)
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15
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Ma XG, Ren YB, Sun H. Introgression and incomplete lineage sorting blurred phylogenetic relationships across the genomes of sclerophyllous oaks from southwest China. Cladistics 2024; 40:357-373. [PMID: 38197450 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Resolving evolutionary relationships among closely related species with interspecific gene flow is challenging. Genome-scale data provide opportunities to clarify complex evolutionary relationships in closely related species and to observe variations in species relationships across the genomes of such species. The Himalayan-Hengduan subalpine oaks have a nearly completely sympatric distribution in southwest China and probably constitute a syngameon. In this study, we mapped resequencing data from different species in this group to the Quercus aquifolioides reference genome to obtain a high-quality filtered single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset. We also assembled their plastomes. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships, explored the level and pattern of introgression among these species and investigated gene tree variation in the genomes of these species using sliding windows. The same or closely related plastomes were found to be shared extensively among different species within a specific geographical area. Phylogenomic analyses of genome-wide SNP data found that most oaks in the Himalayan-Hengduan subalpine clade showed genetic coherence, but several species were found to be connected by introgression. The gene trees obtained using sliding windows showed that the phylogenetic relationships in the genomes of oaks are highly heterogeneous and therefore highly obscured. Our study found that all the oaks of the Himalayan-Hengduan subalpine clade from southwest China form a syngameon. The obscured phylogenetic relationships observed empirically across the genome are best explained by interspecific gene flow in conjunction with incomplete lineage sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Guang Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yue-Bo Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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de Barros LD, Barão KR, Grazia J. Exploring Phylogenetic Relationships of the Mecocephala Group (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Using Continuous and Discrete Characters, with Notes on Taxonomy. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:786-832. [PMID: 38955943 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The Mecocephala group comprises about 50 species, restricted to the Neotropics and with the highest species richness in Neotropical South America. Several species use rice as host plants and their identification is facilitated by the presence of exaggerated head proportions and a unique male genitalic morphology. The taxonomy of the group has been extensively explored, but inferring its monophyly and especially its internal phylogenetic relationships has been challenging. Here, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships for the group assembling the most complete taxonomic sampling to date, analyzing discrete and continuous morphological characters through equal and implied weighted parsimony analyses. The monophyly of the group was recovered, but internal relationships varied slightly according to the dataset tested. Thus, we propose internal arrangements for the group and provide a formal description of the Mecocephala group, diagnoses for each genus, a dichotomous key to identify its genera, and illustrations of the morphological characters and type species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdiana Dayse de Barros
- Lab of Systematic Entomology, Dept of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, Campus Do Vale, Federal Univ of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Kim Ribeiro Barão
- Lab of Systematics and Diversity of Arthropods, Penedo Educational Unit, Campus Arapiraca, Federal Univ of Alagoas, Penedo, Brazil
| | - Jocélia Grazia
- Lab of Systematic Entomology, Dept of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, Campus Do Vale, Federal Univ of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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17
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Goloboff PA. Wincladtree: Publication-quality tree-diagrams with TNT scripts. Cladistics 2024; 40:438-442. [PMID: 38411553 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This note describes the implementation and use of wincladtree, a TNT script to plot publication-quality tree-diagrams. This is intended to assist analysis of morphological datasets, where displaying the synapomorphies for the different groups in a compact "Hennigian" style is the norm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Goloboff
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, UEL (CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo), Miguel Lillo 251, 4000, S.M. de Tucumán, Argentina
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18
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McMah A, Cassis G. Ant mimicry in Australian plant bugs: a new genus (Heteroptera: Miridae: Austromirini: Carenotus gen. nov.), eight new species, myrmecomorphic traits, host plants and distribution. INVERTEBR SYST 2024; 38:IS23013. [PMID: 39208206 DOI: 10.1071/is23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The Australian plant bug tribe Austromirini consists of ant-mimetic taxa which are poorly known, with no information of their phylogenetic relationships and ant-mimetic traits. In this study, we examined nearly 1000 ingroup specimens and developed a comprehensive morphological dataset comprising 37 characters, which was analysed both weighted and unweighted, using 'Tree analysis using New Technology' (TNT ) software. A single minimal length phylogenetic tree was found, comprising a monophyletic group of ant-mimetic taxa, that included Myrmecoroides rufescens , Myrmecoridea sp., Kirkaldyella spp. and eight species of a new genus, Carenotus gen. nov. The myrmecomorphic traits of Carenotus and allied ant-mimetic taxa are documented and analysed phylogenetically, in conjunction with genitalic characters. Carenotus is defined by the myrmecomorphic colour patterning of the abdominal venter, whereas the ingroup species relationships are supported by genitalic characters alone. Carenotus is described as new with eight included species as follows: C. arltunga sp. nov., C. louthensis sp. nov., C. luritja sp. nov., C. pullabooka sp. nov., C. scaevolaphilus sp. nov., C. schwartzi sp. nov., C. tanami sp. nov. and C. yuendumu sp. nov. Host plant associations are also documented, ranging from host plant specificity and genus-group preferences to host plant generalism. The distribution of Carenotus species is documented with reference to phytogeographic subregions, with all species being semi-arid and arid dwelling. The male and female genitalia of Kirkaldyella pilosa and K. rugosa are described and illustrated, for comparative and phylogenetic purposes. This research expands our knowledge on the plant bug tribe Austromirini and has broader implications for myrmecomorphic research in the suborder Heteroptera. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2FF9BE23-38A6-42B4-8488-74F216D8237F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlee McMah
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gerasimos Cassis
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Paściak M, Pawlik KJ, Martynowski D, Łaczmański Ł, Ciekot J, Szponar B, Wójcik‐Fatla A, Mackiewicz B, Farian E, Cholewa G, Cholewa A, Dutkiewicz J. Discovery of a new bacterium, Microbacterium betulae sp. nov., in birch wood associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis in woodworkers. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13311. [PMID: 39135302 PMCID: PMC11319209 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped mesophilic bacterium was isolated from birch wood, referred to as the AB strain. Allergological tests suggest that this strain may cause allergic alveolitis in sawmill workers. Employing a polyphasic taxonomic approach, the AB strain's 16S rRNA gene sequence showed high similarity to Microbacterium barkeri and M. oryzae, with 97.25% and 96.91%, respectively, a finding supported by rpoB and gyrB sequence analysis. Further genome sequence comparison with the closely related M. barkeri type strain indicated a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 25.5% and an average nucleotide identity of 82.52%. The AB strain's cell wall peptidoglycan contains ornithine, and its polar lipids comprise diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and unidentified glycolipids. Its major fatty acids include anteiso C15:0, anteiso C17:0, and iso C16:0, while MK-10 is its predominant respiratory quinone. Comprehensive analysis through 16S rRNA, whole-genome sequencing, phenotyping, chemotaxonomy, and MALDI-TOF MS profiling indicates that the AB strain represents a new species within the Microbacterium genus. It has been proposed to name this species Microbacterium betulae sp. nov., with ABT (PCM 3040T = CEST 30706T) designated as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Paściak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - Krzysztof J. Pawlik
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - Dariusz Martynowski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - Jarosław Ciekot
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - Bogumiła Szponar
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - Angelina Wójcik‐Fatla
- Department of Health Biohazards and ParasitologyInstitute of Rural HealthLublinPoland
| | - Barbara Mackiewicz
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and AllergologyMedical UniversityLublinPoland
| | - Ewelina Farian
- Department of Health Biohazards and ParasitologyInstitute of Rural HealthLublinPoland
| | - Grażyna Cholewa
- Department of Health Biohazards and ParasitologyInstitute of Rural HealthLublinPoland
| | - Alicja Cholewa
- Department of Health Biohazards and ParasitologyInstitute of Rural HealthLublinPoland
| | - Jacek Dutkiewicz
- Department of Health Biohazards and ParasitologyInstitute of Rural HealthLublinPoland
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20
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Santos BF, Colombo WD, Murray EA, Brady SG, Azevedo CO. Insights from the first phylogenomic analysis of flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) reveal two new subfamilies. Cladistics 2024. [PMID: 39056213 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in alpha level taxonomy in the past few decades, the higher-level phylogeny of flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) remains poorly explored. Herein we provide the first phylogenomic assessment of the family based on data from ultraconserved elements for 96 species in 61 genera of the family, with material from 29 countries and all biogeographic regions. Dataset cutoffs including ultraconserved element loci recovered for 50 and 70% of terminals resulted in matrices with 1513 and 451 loci, which were analysed in both parsimony and maximum likelihood frameworks. We also provide the first analyses of divergence dating for the family based on the calibration of 12 nodes. All analyses recovered the Bethylidae as a monophyletic group and estimated the origin of the family at around 143 Ma. The results suggest that all extant subfamilies had already diversified by the Late Cretaceous. All topologies suggest that Glenosema and Chilepyris form a clade separate from other Scleroderminae; owing to the morphological distinctiveness of each genus, we propose that they are accommodated in two new subfamilies, Glenoseminae subf. nov. and Chilepyrinae subf. nov. The monotypic sclerodermine genus Galodoxa was consistently recovered within Epyrinae and is transferred to the latter subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo F Santos
- Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Wesley D Colombo
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, 29075-010, ES, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A Murray
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Seán G Brady
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, 10th and Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Celso O Azevedo
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, 29075-010, ES, Brazil
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21
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Wang S, Ding N, Tan Q, Yang R, Zhang Q, Tan L. A new Urbacodon (Theropoda, Troodontidae) from the Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation, China: Implications for troodontid phylogeny and tooth biology. Cladistics 2024. [PMID: 39016633 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tooth attachment and replacement play significant roles in the feeding ecology of polyphyodont vertebrates, yet these aspects have remained largely unexplored in non-avialan paravians including troodontids. Here, we describe a new troodontid species, Urbacodon norelli sp.n., recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation of Inner Mongolia, China, based on an incomplete right dentary and 12 associated replacement teeth. Urbacodon norelli is distinguished from all other known troodontids, including its relative U. itemirensis from Uzbekistan, by several features: the presence of paired dentary symphyseal foramina, the presence of a relatively steep anterior margin of the dentary, the absence of a dentary chin, the presence of a common groove hosting the anterior 12 dentary teeth, and the presence of relatively larger dentary teeth. Phylogenetic analysis places both species of Urbacodon as sister taxa to Zanabazar junior, confirming their status as later-diverging troodontids. Radiographs revealed an alternating tooth replacement pattern in U. norelli, with a maximum Zahnreihen-spacing estimated to be 3. During tooth replacement, the anteriorly inclined interdental septa, which wedge between anterior dentary teeth, underwent frequent remodelling as the developing tooth moved upwards, particularly anterolabially. This rapid turnover left insufficient time for an interdental plate to form, resulting in the absence of such structures in this specimen. The frequent remodelling of periodontal tissues accompanying tooth replacement is likely to account for the absence of interdental plates. The discovery of this new troodontid expands our understanding of paravian theropods from the Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation and provides valuable insights into troodontid tooth biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Nuo Ding
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qingwei Tan
- Long Hao Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Hohhot, Nei Mongol, 010010, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Long Hao Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Hohhot, Nei Mongol, 010010, China
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22
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Romanenko L, Bystritskaya E, Savicheva Y, Eremeev V, Otstavnykh N, Kurilenko V, Velansky P, Isaeva M. Description and Whole-Genome Sequencing of Mariniflexile litorale sp. nov., Isolated from the Shallow Sediments of the Sea of Japan. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1413. [PMID: 39065181 PMCID: PMC11278836 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, KMM 9835T, was isolated from the sediment sample obtained from the Amur Bay of the Sea of Japan seashore, Russia. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences positioned the novel strain KMM 9835T in the genus Mariniflexile as a separate line sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.6% and 96.2% with Mariniflexile soesokkakense RSSK-9T and Mariniflexile fucanivorans SW5T, respectively, and similarity values of <96% to other recognized Mariniflexile species. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain KMM 9835T and M. soesokkakense KCTC 32427T, Mariniflexile gromovii KCTC 12570T, M. fucanivorans DSM 18792T, and M. maritimum M5A1MT were 83.0%, 82.5%, 83.4%, and 78.3% and 30.7%, 29.6%, 29.5%, and 24.4%, respectively. The genomic DNA GC content of strain KMM 9835T was 32.5 mol%. The dominant menaquinone was MK-6, and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1ω10c, and C15:0. The polar lipids of strain KMM 9835T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified phospholipid, and six unidentified lipids. A pan-genome analysis showed that the KMM 9835T genome encoded 753 singletons. The annotated singletons were more often related to transport protein systems (SusC), transcriptional regulators (AraC, LytTR, LacI), and enzymes (glycosylases). The KMM 9835T genome was highly enriched in CAZyme-encoding genes, the proportion of which reached 7.3%. Moreover, the KMM 9835T genome was characterized by a high abundance of CAZyme gene families (GH43, GH28, PL1, PL10, CE8, and CE12), indicating its potential to catabolize pectin. This may represent part of an adaptation strategy facilitating microbial consumption of plant polymeric substrates in aquatic environments near shorelines and freshwater sources. Based on the combination of phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, the marine sediment strain KMM 9835T (=KCTC 92792T) represents a novel species of the genus Mariniflexile, for which the name Mariniflexile litorale sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Romanenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (E.B.); (Y.S.); (V.E.); (N.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Evgeniya Bystritskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (E.B.); (Y.S.); (V.E.); (N.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Yuliya Savicheva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (E.B.); (Y.S.); (V.E.); (N.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Viacheslav Eremeev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (E.B.); (Y.S.); (V.E.); (N.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Nadezhda Otstavnykh
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (E.B.); (Y.S.); (V.E.); (N.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Valeriya Kurilenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (E.B.); (Y.S.); (V.E.); (N.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Peter Velansky
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo Street 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia;
| | - Marina Isaeva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (E.B.); (Y.S.); (V.E.); (N.O.); (V.K.)
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23
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Loréal E, Georgalis GL, Čerňanský A. Pseudopus pannonicus (Squamata), the largest known anguid lizard-Redescription of the type material and new specimens from the Neogene and Quaternary of Hungary and Poland. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38982846 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we revise the material of the extinct taxon Pseudopus pannonicus from Central Europe, the largest known anguid lizard and iconic member of herpetofaunas from the Upper Cenozoic of Europe. The geographical position of Polgárdi 2, the type locality of P. pannonicus, as well as several other closely located important localities make Central Europe a valuable area of high interest for studies regarding European Cenozoic palaeoherpetological assemblages. We clarified the nature of the type material of Pseudopus pannonicus, showing that it consisted not only of the five specimens originally figured. Instead, the syntype series also includes a considerable number of specimens from Polgárdi 2 that were only described or figured 12 years after the original description of P. pannonicus. Detailed osteological descriptions are provided for specimens from the type series and Polish specimens, with the aid of high-resolution imaging (SEM and μCT scanning), and intraspecific variability is discussed. The articular surface with the lappet of the parietal overlapping the frontal is discussed as a character potentially relevant for the diagnosis of P. pannonicus. We updated the identification of several specimens of P. pannonicus and discussed the biogeographic implications of such revisions. In Poland, P. pannonicus is an abundant component of Neogene and early Quaternary herpetofaunas, known with certainty from the Middle Miocene of Przeworno (the oldest known occurrence of the species globally), the Early-Late Pliocene of Węże I, the Late Pliocene of Rębielice Królewskie I, the Late Pliocene of Węże II, and the Early Pleistocene of Kadzielnia (one of the youngest occurrences documented globally). An indeterminate anguine with Anguis affinities is newly reported from Rębielice Królewskie II. The taxonomic status of other large anguids from the Neogene of Europe is discussed and we conclude that most are junior synonyms of P. pannonicus. We also show that another purported synonym, that is, Ophisaurus intermedius from the Early Pleistocene of Romania, is instead a nomen nudum. We conducted phylogenetic analyses (18 taxa, 65 characters) to understand the relationship of P. pannonicus relative to other anguid representatives and anguid-related group (i.e., glyptosaurids). A single most parsimonious tree (length: 134 steps) was recovered. The clade Pseudopus is stable, comprising the two distinct sister subclades [Pseudopus laurillardi + Pseudopus ahnikoviensis] and [Pseudopus pannonicus + Pseudopus apodus]. These phylogenetic results are in accordance with previously published works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Loréal
- Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Georgios L Georgalis
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrej Čerňanský
- Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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24
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Ning L, Maidment SCR, Daqing L, Hailu Y, Guangzhao P. A new stegosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Middle Jurassic of Gansu Province, China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15241. [PMID: 38956140 PMCID: PMC11219857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Stegosaurs are a minor but iconic clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, yet due to a poor fossil record, their early evolution is poorly understood. Here, we describe a new stegosaur, Baiyinosaurus baojiensis, gen. et sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic Wangjiashan Formation of the Pingchuan District, Baiyin City, Gansu Province, China. The frontal of Baiyinosaurus possesses a unique characteristic among Stegosauria: it is wider than long and contributes to both the medial and anterior margins of the supratemporal fenestra. The character combinations of dorsal vertebrae of Baiyinosaurus are also different to other stegosaurs: its neural arches are not greatly elongated, its parapophyses are well developed, and its neural spines are axially expanded in lateral. The features of the frontal and vertebrae of Baiyinosaurus are reminiscent of basally branching thyreophorans, indicating that Baiyinosaurus is transitional in morphology between early thyreophorans and early-diverging stegosaurs. Systematic analysis shows that Baiyinosaurus is an early-diverging stegosaur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ning
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China.
| | | | - Li Daqing
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - You Hailu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Park T, Burin G, Lazo-Cancino D, Rees JPG, Rule JP, Slater GJ, Cooper N. Charting the course of pinniped evolution: insights from molecular phylogeny and fossil record integration. Evolution 2024; 78:1212-1226. [PMID: 38644688 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walruses, and their fossil relatives) are one of the most successful mammalian clades to live in the oceans. Despite a well-resolved molecular phylogeny and a global fossil record, a complete understanding of their macroevolutionary dynamics remains hampered by a lack of formal analyses that combine these 2 rich sources of information. We used a meta-analytic approach to infer the most densely sampled pinniped phylogeny to date (36 recent and 93 fossil taxa) and used phylogenetic paleobiological methods to study their diversification dynamics and biogeographic history. Pinnipeds mostly diversified at constant rates. Walruses, however, experienced rapid turnover in which extinction rates ultimately exceeded speciation rates from 12 to 6 Ma, possibly due to changing sea levels and/or competition with otariids (eared seals). Historical biogeographic analyses, including fossil data, allowed us to confidently identify the North Pacific and the North Atlantic (plus or minus Paratethys) as the ancestral ranges of Otarioidea (eared seals + walrus) and crown phocids (earless seals), respectively. Yet, despite the novel addition of stem pan-pinniped taxa, the region of origin for Pan-Pinnipedia remained ambiguous. These results suggest further avenues of study in pinnipeds and provide a framework for investigating other groups with substantial extinct and extant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Science Group, Natural History Museum London, London, United Kingdom
- Sciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gustavo Burin
- Science Group, Natural History Museum London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Lazo-Cancino
- Laboratorio de Mastozoología, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Joseph P G Rees
- Science Group, Natural History Museum London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James P Rule
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Science Group, Natural History Museum London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Slater
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Natalie Cooper
- Science Group, Natural History Museum London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Saticioglu IB, Ay H, Altun S, Ajmi N, Gunduz ES, Gocmen H, Duman M. Comprehensive genome analysis of five novel flavobacteria: Flavobacterium piscisymbiosum sp. nov., Flavobacterium pisciphilum sp. nov., Flavobacterium flavipigmentatum sp. nov., Flavobacterium lipolyticum sp. nov. and Flavobacterium cupriresistens sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 2024; 47:126518. [PMID: 38761464 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Eight isolates were obtained through a study on culture-dependent bacteria from fish farms and identified as members of the genus Flavobacterium based on pairwise analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. The highest pairwise identity values were calculated as 98.8 % for strain F-30 T and Flavobacterium bizetiae, 99.0 % for strain F-65 T and Flavobacterium branchiarum, 98.7 % for strain F-126 T and Flavobacterium tructae, 98.2 % for strain F-323 T and Flavobacterium cupreum while 99.7 % identity level was detected for strain F-70 T and Flavobacterium geliluteum. In addition, strains F-33, Fl-77, and F-70 T shared 100 % identical 16S rRNA genes, while strains F-323 T and Fl-318 showed 99.9 % identity. A polyphasic approach including comparative analysis of whole-genome data was employed to ascertain the taxonomic provenance of the strains. In addition to the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strains, the overall genome-relatedness indices of dDDH and ANI below the established thresholds confirmed the classification of the strains as five novel species within the genus Flavobacterium. The comprehensive genome analyses of the strains were also conducted to determine the biosynthetic gene clusters, virulence features and ecological distribution patterns. Based on the polyphasic characterisations, including comparative genome analyses, it is concluded that strains F-30 T, F-65 T, F-70 T, F126T and F-323 T represent five novel species within the genus Flavobacterium for which Flavobacterium piscisymbiosum sp. nov. F-30 T (=JCM 34194 T = KCTC 82254 T), Flavobacterium pisciphilum sp. nov. F-65 T (=JCM 34197 T = KCTC 82257 T), Flavobacterium flavipigmentatum sp. nov. F-70 T (Fl-33 = Fl-77 = JCM 34198 T = KCTC 82258 T), Flavobacterium lipolyticum sp. nov. F-126 T (JCM 34199 T = KCTC 82259 T) and Flavobacterium cupriresistens sp. nov. F-323 T (Fl-318 = JCM 34200 T = KCTC 82260 T), are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzet Burcin Saticioglu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16059, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Ay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey
| | - Soner Altun
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - Nihed Ajmi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - Enes Said Gunduz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Huban Gocmen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Duman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16059, Turkey
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27
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Hoyal Cuthill JF, Lloyd GT. Measuring homoplasy I: comprehensive measures of maximum and minimum cost under parsimony across discrete cost matrix character types. Cladistics 2024. [PMID: 38924583 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we propose, prove mathematically and discuss maximum and minimum measures of maximum parsimony evolution across 12 discrete phylogenetic character types, classified across 4467 morphological and molecular datasets. Covered character types are: constant, binary symmetric, multistate unordered (non-additive) symmetric, multistate linear ordered symmetric, multistate non-linear ordered symmetric, binary irreversible, multistate irreversible, binary Dollo, multistate Dollo, multistate custom symmetric, binary custom asymmetric and multistate custom asymmetric characters. We summarize published solutions and provide and prove a range of new formulae for the algebraic calculation of minimum (m), maximum (g) and maximum possible (gmax) character cost for applicable character types. Algorithms for exhaustive calculation of m, g and gmax applicable to all classified character types (within computational limits on the numbers of taxa and states) are also provided. The general algorithmic solution for minimum steps (m) is identical to a minimum spanning tree on the state graph or minimum weight spanning arborescence on the state digraph. Algorithmic solutions for character g and gmax are based on matrix mathematics equivalent to optimization on the star tree, respectively for given state frequencies and all possible state frequencies meeting specified numbers of taxa and states. We show that maximizing possible cost (gmax) with given transition costs can be equivalent to maximizing, across all possible state frequency combinations, the lowest implied cost of state transitions if any one state is ancestral on the star tree, via the solution of systems of linear equations. The methods we present, implemented in the Claddis R package, extend to a comprehensive range, the fundamental character types for which homoplasy may be measured under parsimony using m, g and gmax, including extra cost (h), consistency index (ci), retention index (ri) or indices based thereon.
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28
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Loewen MA, Sertich JJW, Sampson S, O’Connor JK, Carpenter S, Sisson B, Øhlenschlæger A, Farke AA, Makovicky PJ, Longrich N, Evans DC. Lokiceratops rangiformis gen. et sp. nov. (Ceratopsidae: Centrosaurinae) from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana reveals rapid regional radiations and extreme endemism within centrosaurine dinosaurs. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17224. [PMID: 38912046 PMCID: PMC11193970 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Late Cretaceous of western North America supported diverse dinosaur assemblages, though understanding patterns of dinosaur diversity, evolution, and extinction has been historically limited by unequal geographic and temporal sampling. In particular, the existence and extent of faunal endemism along the eastern coastal plain of Laramidia continues to generate debate, and finer scale regional patterns remain elusive. Here, we report a new centrosaurine ceratopsid, Lokiceratops rangiformis, from the lower portion of the McClelland Ferry Member of the Judith River Formation in the Kennedy Coulee region along the Canada-USA border. Dinosaurs from the same small geographic region, and from nearby, stratigraphically equivalent horizons of the lower Oldman Formation in Canada, reveal unprecedented ceratopsid richness, with four sympatric centrosaurine taxa and one chasmosaurine taxon. Phylogenetic results show that Lokiceratops, together with Albertaceratops and Medusaceratops, was part of a clade restricted to a small portion of northern Laramidia approximately 78 million years ago. This group, Albertaceratopsini, was one of multiple centrosaurine clades to undergo geographically restricted radiations, with Nasutuceratopsini restricted to the south and Centrosaurini and Pachyrostra restricted to the north. High regional endemism in centrosaurs is associated with, and may have been driven by, high speciation rates and diversity, with competition between dinosaurs limiting their geographic range. High speciation rates may in turn have been driven in part by sexual selection or latitudinally uneven climatic and floral gradients. The high endemism seen in centrosaurines and other dinosaurs implies that dinosaur diversity is underestimated and contrasts with the large geographic ranges seen in most extant mammalian megafauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Loewen
- Natural History Museum of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Evolutionsmuseet, Knuthenborg, Maribo, Denmark
| | - Joseph J. W. Sertich
- Evolutionsmuseet, Knuthenborg, Maribo, Denmark
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panamá
- Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Scott Sampson
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Savhannah Carpenter
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brock Sisson
- Independent Researcher, Pleasant Grove, Utah, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew A. Farke
- Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Makovicky
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nick Longrich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Evans
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Li C, Deng T, Wang Y, Sun F, Wolff B, Jiangzuo Q, Ma J, Xing L, Fu J, Zhang J, Wang S. The trunk replaces the longer mandible as the main feeding organ in elephant evolution. eLife 2024; 12:RP90908. [PMID: 38900028 PMCID: PMC11189625 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The long-trunked elephantids underwent a significant evolutionary stage characterized by an exceptionally elongated mandible. The initial elongation and subsequent regression of the long mandible, along with its co-evolution with the trunk, present an intriguing issue that remains incompletely understood. Through comparative functional and eco-morphological investigations, as well as feeding preference analysis, we reconstructed the feeding behavior of major groups of longirostrine elephantiforms. In the Platybelodon clade, the rapid evolutionary changes observed in the narial region, strongly correlated with mandible and tusk characteristics, suggest a crucial evolutionary transition where feeding function shifted from the mandible to the trunk, allowing proboscideans to expand their niches to more open regions. This functional shift further resulted in elephantids relying solely on their trunks for feeding. Our research provides insights into how unique environmental pressures shape the extreme evolution of organs, particularly in large mammals that developed various peculiar adaptations during the late Cenozoic global cooling trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tao Deng
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Fajun Sun
- Environmental Science & Technology, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Burt Wolff
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Qigao Jiangzuo
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luda Xing
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiao Fu
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Digital ConstructionWuhanChina
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Porfiri JD, Baiano MA, Dos Santos DD, Gianechini FA, Pittman M, Lamanna MC. Diuqin lechiguanae gen. et sp. nov., a new unenlagiine (Theropoda: Paraves) from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Neuquén Group, Upper Cretaceous) of Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:77. [PMID: 38872101 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02247-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unenlagiine paravians are among the most relevant Gondwanan theropod dinosaur clades for understanding the origin of birds, yet their fossil record remains incomplete, with most taxa being represented by fragmentary material and/or separated by lengthy temporal gaps, frustrating attempts to characterize unenlagiine evolution. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Here we describe Diuqin lechiguanae gen. et sp. nov., a new unenlagiine taxon from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Bajo de la Carpa Formation of the Neuquén Basin of Neuquén Province in northern Patagonia, Argentina that fills a substantial stratigraphic gap in the fossil record of these theropods. Although known only from a very incomplete postcranial skeleton, the preserved bones of Diuqin differ from corresponding elements in other unenlagiines, justifying the erection of the new taxon. Moreover, in several morphological aspects, the humerus of Diuqin appears intermediate between those of geologically older unenlagiines from the Neuquén Basin (e.g., Unenlagia spp. from the Turonian-Coniacian Portezuelo Formation) and that of the stratigraphically younger, larger-bodied Austroraptor cabazai from the Campanian-Maastrichtian Allen Formation. Consequently, the morphology of the new taxon appears to indicate a transitional stage in unenlagiine evolution. Phylogenetic analysis recovers Diuqin as a paravian with multiple plausible systematic positions, but the strongest affinity is with Unenlagiinae. The humerus of the new form exhibits subcircular punctures near its distal end that are interpreted as feeding traces most likely left by a conical-toothed crocodyliform, mammal, or theropod, the latter potentially corresponding to a megaraptorid or another unenlagiine individual. Thus, in addition to filling important morphological and temporal gaps in unenlagiine evolutionary history, the new taxon also offers information relating to the paleoecology of these theropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Porfiri
- Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Secretaría de Extensión, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires, Neuquén, 1400, Argentina.
- Cátedras de Paleontología y Reptiles Mesozoicos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires, Neuquén, 1400, Argentina.
- Museo del Desierto Patagónico de Añelo, Calle 1 Familia Chávez y Calle 6 Auca Mahuida, Añelo, Neuquén, Argentina.
| | - Mattia A Baiano
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CONICET-Área Laboratorio e Investigación, Museo Municipal "Ernesto Bachmann," Dr. Natali s/n, Villa El Chocón, Neuquén, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Isidro Lobo 516, General Roca, Río Negro, 8332, Argentina
| | - Domenica D Dos Santos
- Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Secretaría de Extensión, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires, Neuquén, 1400, Argentina
- Cátedras de Paleontología y Reptiles Mesozoicos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires, Neuquén, 1400, Argentina
- Museo del Desierto Patagónico de Añelo, Calle 1 Familia Chávez y Calle 6 Auca Mahuida, Añelo, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Federico A Gianechini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de San Luis), Ejército de Los Andes 950, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Michael Pittman
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Matthew C Lamanna
- Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Pentland AH, Poropat SF, Duncan RJ, Kellner AWA, Bantim RAM, Bevitt JJ, Tait AM, Grice K. Haliskia peterseni, a new anhanguerian pterosaur from the late Early Cretaceous of Australia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11789. [PMID: 38866826 PMCID: PMC11169243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pterosaur remains have been reported from every continent; however, pterosaur skeletons remain rare. A new pterosaur is presented here, Haliskia peterseni gen. et sp. nov., constituting the most complete specimen from Australia from the upper Albian Toolebuc Formation of the Eromanga Basin (Queensland, Australia). A combination of features, including the presence of a premaxillary crest and curved teeth, and the morphology of the scapulocoracoid, support its referral to Anhangueria. Haliskia can be distinguished from all other anhanguerian pterosaurs based on two dental characters: the 4th and 5th tooth pairs are smaller than the 3rd and 6th, and the 2nd and 5th alveoli are smaller than 3-4 and 6-8. Moreover, the hyoid is 70% the total length of the mandible. The phylogenetic analyses presented here place Haliskia within Anhangueria. In one analysis, Haliskia and Ferrodraco are resolved as sister taxa, with Tropeognathus mesembrinus sister to that clade. The other resolves Haliskia, Mythunga and Ferrodraco in a polytomy within Tropeognathinae. The new Australian pterosaur attests to the success of Anhangueria during the latest Early Cretaceous and suggests that the Australian forms were more taxonomically diverse and palaeobiogeographically complex than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele H Pentland
- Western Australian Organic & Isotope Geochemistry Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
- Australian Age of Dinosaurs Museum of Natural History, The Jump-Up, Winton, Queensland, 4735, Australia.
| | - Stephen F Poropat
- Western Australian Organic & Isotope Geochemistry Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
- Australian Age of Dinosaurs Museum of Natural History, The Jump-Up, Winton, Queensland, 4735, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Ruairidh J Duncan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Museums Victoria Research Institute, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Alexander W A Kellner
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Tafonomia de Vertebrados Fósseis, Setor de Paleovertebrados, Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renan A M Bantim
- Museu de Paleontologia Plácido Cidade Nuvens, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Santana do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Joseph J Bevitt
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales, 2234, Australia
| | - Alan M Tait
- Museums Victoria Research Institute, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Kliti Grice
- Western Australian Organic & Isotope Geochemistry Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Nascimento EA, Bocakova M. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a new net-winged beetle genus of Eurrhacini (Coleoptera, Lycidae) from the Pacific slopes of Central America and Ecuador. Zookeys 2024; 1204:241-259. [PMID: 38882563 PMCID: PMC11176813 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1204.114932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The first phylogenetic inference of Calopterini and Eurrhacini focused on Calocladon and related taxa was carried out. A data matrix composed of 46 species and 51 morphological characters was assembled and analyzed using parsimony and model-based approaches. Eurrhacini were recovered monophyletic. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses highly supported the Calocladon clade including also Atlanticolycus, Cladocalon, and Gorhamium gen. nov. as its sister clade. Our trees consistently recovered monophyly of the new genus with two new species: Gorhamiumbidentatum sp. nov. (Panama, Baru Volcano) and G.unidentatum sp. nov. from the Pacific slopes of Ecuador. A revised key to the genera of Eurrhacini is given and illustrations of distinguishing characters are provided. Phylogenetic relationships of Eurrhacini and character evolution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elynton Alves Nascimento
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Rua Professora Maria Roza Zanon de Almeida, s/n, Engenheiro Gutierrez, Irati-PR , CEP 84505-677, Brazil Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Irati Brazil
| | - Milada Bocakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Palacky University, Purkrabska 2, CZ-77140 Olomouc, Czech Republic Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
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Guilherme E, D'Apolito C, Muniz F, Lomba SO, Aldrin L, Hsiou AS. New fossil anhingids from the upper Acre River (Late Miocene of southwestern Amazon). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2047-2064. [PMID: 37779325 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Four extant species of anhingids are found worldwide, all belonging to a single genus (Anhinga). However, the fossil record reveals a much greater diversity of this group in the past. The oldest known anhingids date back to the upper Oligocene period in Australia, but during the Miocene epoch in South America, they achieved their most remarkable diversity. This study describes newly discovered anhingid fossils from the Late Miocene period in South America. These fossils were extracted from the Acre conglomerate member, part of the Upper Miocene deposits in the southwestern Amazon region. The described fossils consist of two fragments of pelvic girdles, two femora, and two vertebrae belonging to a giant anhingid (Macranhinga sp.), as well as a vertebra from Anhinga minuta, the smallest of all darters. The examination of these fossils suggests the presence of potentially three distinct anhingid taxa within the same locality. The environment in which the conglomerate deposits were formed was ecologically complex. It is likely that these three species coexisted within the same ecosystem but avoided direct competition for food and reproductive sites by not fully exploiting their fundamental niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Guilherme
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Paleontológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Carlos D'Apolito
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Paleontológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Fellipe Muniz
- Laboratório de Paleontologia, Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Oliveira Lomba
- Laboratório de Paleontologia, Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Aldrin
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Paleontológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Annie Schmaltz Hsiou
- Laboratório de Paleontologia, Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Pol D, Baiano MA, Černý D, Novas FE, Cerda IA, Pittman M. A new abelisaurid dinosaur from the end Cretaceous of Patagonia and evolutionary rates among the Ceratosauria. Cladistics 2024; 40:307-356. [PMID: 38771085 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gondwanan dinosaur faunae during the 20 Myr preceding the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K/Pg) extinction included several lineages that were absent or poorly represented in Laurasian landmasses. Among these, the South American fossil record contains diverse abelisaurids, arguably the most successful groups of carnivorous dinosaurs from Gondwana in the Cretaceous, reaching their highest diversity towards the end of this period. Here we describe Koleken inakayali gen. et sp. n., a new abelisaurid from the La Colonia Formation (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia. Koleken inakayali is known from several skull bones, an almost complete dorsal series, complete sacrum, several caudal vertebrae, pelvic girdle and almost complete hind limbs. The new abelisaurid shows a unique set of features in the skull and several anatomical differences from Carnotaurus sastrei (the only other abelisaurid known from the La Colonia Formation). Koleken inakayali is retrieved as a brachyrostran abelisaurid, clustered with other South American abelisaurids from the latest Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian), such as Aucasaurus, Niebla and Carnotaurus. Leveraging our phylogeny estimates, we explore rates of morphological evolution across ceratosaurian lineages, finding them to be particularly high for elaphrosaurine noasaurids and around the base of Abelisauridae, before the Early Cretaceous radiation of the latter clade. The Noasauridae and their sister clade show contrasting patterns of morphological evolution, with noasaurids undergoing an early phase of accelerated evolution of the axial and hind limb skeleton in the Jurassic, and the abelisaurids exhibiting sustained high rates of cranial evolution during the Early Cretaceous. These results provide much needed context for the evolutionary dynamics of ceratosaurian theropods, contributing to broader understanding of macroevolutionary patterns across dinosaurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pol
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mattia Antonio Baiano
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Área Laboratorio e Investigación, Museo Municipal Ernesto Bachmann, Villa El Chocón, Neuquén, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN), General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - David Černý
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fernando E Novas
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio A Cerda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN), General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología (IIPG), General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina
- Museo Provincial Carlos Ameghino, Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Michael Pittman
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Lustri L, Gueriau P, Daley AC. Lower Ordovician synziphosurine reveals early euchelicerate diversity and evolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3808. [PMID: 38714651 PMCID: PMC11076625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Euchelicerata is a clade of arthropods comprising horseshoe crabs, scorpions, spiders, mites and ticks, as well as the extinct eurypterids (sea scorpions) and chasmataspidids. The understanding of the ground plans and relationships between these crown-group euchelicerates has benefited from the discovery of numerous fossils. However, little is known regarding the origin and early evolution of the euchelicerate body plan because the relationships between their Cambrian sister taxa and synziphosurines, a group of Silurian to Carboniferous stem euchelicerates with chelicerae and an unfused opisthosoma, remain poorly understood owing to the scarce fossil record of appendages. Here we describe a synziphosurine from the Lower Ordovician (ca. 478 Ma) Fezouata Shale of Morocco. This species possesses five biramous appendages with stenopodous exopods bearing setae in the prosoma and a fully expressed first tergite in the opisthosoma illuminating the ancestral anatomy of the group. Phylogenetic analyses recover this fossil as a member of the stem euchelicerate family Offacolidae, which is characterized by biramous prosomal appendages. Moreover, it also shares anatomical features with the Cambrian euarthropod Habelia optata, filling the anatomical gap between euchelicerates and Cambrian stem taxa, while also contributing to our understanding of the evolution of euchelicerate uniramous prosomal appendages and tagmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lustri
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Gueriau
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, MNHN, Institut photonique d'analyse non-destructive européen des matériaux anciens, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Allison C Daley
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Hankel GE, Molineri C. A new species of Languidipes Hubbard (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae) from Borneo. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17327. [PMID: 38711622 PMCID: PMC11073006 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Languidipes is currently represented by three species distributed in southeastern Asia, India, and Sri Lanka. Languidipes corporaali is the most widely distributed species, and both, male and female imagos, as well as nymphs, are known. In contrast, the other species, L. taprobanes and L. lithophagus, are only known from nymphs. Here, we describe a new species, Languidipes janae sp nov, based on male imagos collected from Borneo, Indonesia. This new species is characterized by the presence of ommation on mesonotum, and penis almost completely divided, with sub-quadrate base and a small outer projection basal to the long and slender distal arms. This constitutes the first record of the genus for Borneo. A cladistic analysis of the subfamily Asthenopodinae supports its taxonomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Eduardo Hankel
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Invertebrados, Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carlos Molineri
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina
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Silva FLD, de Medeiros BAS, Farrell BD. Once upon a fly: The biogeographical odyssey of Labrundinia (Chironomidae, Tanypodinae), an aquatic non-biting midge towards diversification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 194:108025. [PMID: 38342160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Labrundinia is a highly recognizable lineage in the Pentaneurini tribe (Diptera, Chironomidae). The distinct predatory free-swimming larvae of this genus are typically present in unpolluted aquatic environments, such as small streams, ponds, lakes, and bays. They can be found on the bottom mud, clinging to rocks and wood, and dwelling among aquatic vegetation. Labrundinia has been extensively studied in ecological research and comprises 39 species, all but one of which has been described from regions outside the Palearctic. Earlier phylogenetic studies have suggested that the initial diversification of the genus likely occurred in the Neotropical Region, with its current presence in the Nearctic Region and southern South America being the result of subsequent dispersal events. Through the integration of molecular and morphological data in a calibrated phylogeny, we reveal a complex and nuanced evolutionary history for Labrundinia, providing insights into its biogeographical and diversification patterns. In this comprehensive study, we analyze a dataset containing 46 Labrundinia species, totaling 10,662 characters, consisting of 10,616 nucleotide sites and 46 morphological characters. The molecular data was generated mainly by anchored enrichment hybrid methods. Using this comprehensive dataset, we inferred the phylogeny of the group based on a total evidence matrix. Subsequently, we employed the generated tree for time calibration and further analysis of biogeography and diversification patterns. Our findings reveal multiple dispersal events out of the Neotropics, where the group originated in the late Cretaceous approximately 72 million years ago (69-78 Ma). We further reveal that the genus experienced an early burst of diversification rates during the Paleocene, which gradually decelerated towards the present-day. We also find that the Neotropics have played a pivotal role in the evolution of Labrundinia by serving as both a cradle and a museum. By "cradle," we mean that the region has been a hotspot for the origin and diversification of new Labrundinia lineages, while "museum" refers to the region's ability to preserve ancestral lineages over extended periods. In summary, our findings indicate that the Neotropics have been a key source of genetic diversity for Labrundinia, resulting in the development of distinctive adaptations and characteristics within the genus. This evidence highlights the crucial role that these regions have played in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of Labrundinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Laurindo da Silva
- Laboratory of Aquatic Insect Biodiversity and Ecology, Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
| | - Bruno A S de Medeiros
- Field Museum of Natural History, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Chicago, USA; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Brian D Farrell
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
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Tsai CH, Goedert JL, Boessenecker RW. The oldest mysticete in the Northern Hemisphere. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1794-1800.e3. [PMID: 38552627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Extant baleen whales (Mysticeti) uniquely use keratinous baleen for filter-feeding and lack dentition, but the fossil record clearly shows that "toothed" baleen whales first appeared in the Late Eocene.1 Globally, only two Eocene mysticetes have been found, and both are from the Southern Hemisphere: Mystacodon selenensis from Peru, 36.4 mega-annum (Ma) ago1,2 and Llanocetus denticrenatus from Antarctica, 34.2 Ma ago.3,4 Based on a partial skull from the lower part of the Lincoln Creek Formation in Washington State, USA, we describe the Northern Hemisphere's geochronologically earliest mysticete, Fucaia humilis sp. nov. Geology, biostratigraphy, and magnetostratigraphy places Fucaia humilis sp. nov. in the latest Eocene (ca. 34.5 Ma ago, near the Eocene/Oligocene transition at 33.9 Ma ago), approximately coeval with the oldest record of fossil kelps, also in the northeastern Pacific.5 This observation leads to our hypothesis that the origin and development of a relatively stable, nutrient-rich kelp ecosystem5,6 in the latest Eocene may have fostered the radiation of small-sized toothed mysticetes (Family Aetiocetidae) in the North Pacific basin, a stark contrast to the larger Llanocetidae (whether Mystacodon belongs to llanocetids or another independent clade remains unresolved) with the latest Eocene onset of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Southern Hemisphere.7,8,9 Our discovery suggests that disparate mechanisms and ecological scenarios may have nurtured contrasting early mysticete evolutionary histories in the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiu Tsai
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Geology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan.
| | - James L Goedert
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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Liunardo JJ, Messerli S, Gregotsch A, Lang S, Schlosser K, Rückert‐Reed C, Busche T, Kalinowski J, Zischka M, Weller P, Nouioui I, Neumann‐Schaal M, Risdian C, Wink J, Mack M. Isolation, characterisation and description of the roseoflavin producer Streptomyces berlinensis sp. nov. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13266. [PMID: 38653477 PMCID: PMC11039241 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacteria Streptomyces davaonensis and Streptomyces cinnabarinus have been the only organisms known to produce roseoflavin, a riboflavin (vitamin B2) derived red antibiotic. Using a selective growth medium and a phenotypic screening, we were able to isolate a novel roseoflavin producer from a German soil sample. The isolation procedure was repeated twice, that is, the same strain could be isolated from the same location in Berlin 6 months and 12 months after its first isolation. Whole genome sequencing of the novel roseoflavin producer revealed an unusual chromosomal arrangement and the deposited genome sequence of the new isolate (G + C content of 71.47%) contains 897 genes per inverted terminal repeat, 6190 genes in the core and 107 genes located on an illegitimate terminal end. We identified the roseoflavin biosynthetic genes rosA, rosB and rosC and an unusually high number of riboflavin biosynthetic genes. Overexpression of rosA, rosB and rosC in Escherichia coli and enzyme assays confirmed their predicted functions in roseoflavin biosynthesis. A full taxonomic analysis revealed that the isolate represents a previously unknown Streptomyces species and we propose the name Streptomyces berlinensis sp. nov. for this roseoflavin producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Jonathan Liunardo
- Institute for Technical Microbiology, Department of BiotechnologyMannheim University of Applied SciencesMannheimGermany
| | - Sebastien Messerli
- Institute for Technical Microbiology, Department of BiotechnologyMannheim University of Applied SciencesMannheimGermany
| | - Ann‐Kathrin Gregotsch
- Institute for Technical Microbiology, Department of BiotechnologyMannheim University of Applied SciencesMannheimGermany
| | - Sonja Lang
- Institute for Technical Microbiology, Department of BiotechnologyMannheim University of Applied SciencesMannheimGermany
| | - Kerstin Schlosser
- Institute for Technical Microbiology, Department of BiotechnologyMannheim University of Applied SciencesMannheimGermany
| | - Christian Rückert‐Reed
- Medical School East Westphalia‐LippeBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for BiotechnologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Medical School East Westphalia‐LippeBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for BiotechnologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Martin Zischka
- Institute for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Department of BiotechnologyMannheim University of Applied SciencesMannheimGermany
| | - Philipp Weller
- Institute for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Department of BiotechnologyMannheim University of Applied SciencesMannheimGermany
| | - Imen Nouioui
- Leibniz‐Institute DSMZ‐German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesBraunschweigGermany
| | - Meina Neumann‐Schaal
- Leibniz‐Institute DSMZ‐German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesBraunschweigGermany
| | - Chandra Risdian
- Department of Microbial Strain CollectionHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany
- Research Center for Applied MicrobiologyNational Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)BandungIndonesia
| | - Joachim Wink
- Department of Microbial Strain CollectionHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‐BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Institute for Technical Microbiology, Department of BiotechnologyMannheim University of Applied SciencesMannheimGermany
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Pusch LC, Kammerer CF, Fröbisch J. The origin and evolution of Cynodontia (Synapsida, Therapsida): Reassessment of the phylogeny and systematics of the earliest members of this clade using 3D-imaging technologies. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:1634-1730. [PMID: 38444024 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The origin of cynodonts, the group ancestral to and including mammals, is one of the major outstanding problems in therapsid evolution. One of the most troubling aspects of the cynodont fossil record is the lengthy Permian ghost lineage between the latest possible divergence from its sister group Therocephalia and the first appearance of definitive cynodonts in the late Permian. The absence of cynodonts and dominance of therocephalians in middle Permian strata has led some workers to argue that cynodonts evolved from within therocephalians, rendering the latter paraphyletic, but more recent analyses support the reciprocal monophyly of Cynodontia and Therocephalia. Furthermore, although a fundamental dichotomy in the derived subclade Eucynodontia is well-supported in cynodont phylogeny, the relationships of more stemward cynodonts from the late Permian and Early Triassic are unresolved. Here, we provide a re-evaluation of the phylogeny of Eutheriodontia (Cynodontia + Therocephalia) and an assessment of character evolution within the group. Using computed tomographic data derived from extensive sampling of the earliest known (late Permian and Early Triassic) cynodonts and selected exemplars of therocephalians and later (Middle Triassic onwards) cynodonts, we describe novel aspects of the endocranial anatomy of these animals. These data were incorporated into a new phylogenetic data set including a comprehensive sample of early cynodonts. Our phylogenetic analyses support some results previously recovered by other authors, but recover therocephalians as paraphyletic with regards to cynodonts, with cynodonts and eutherocephalians forming a clade to the exclusion of the "basal therocephalian" families Lycosuchidae and Scylacosauridae. Though both conservatism and homoplasy mark the endocranial anatomy of early non-mammalian cynodonts, we were able to identify several new endocranial synapomorphies for eutheriodont subclades and recovered generally better-supported topologies than previous analyses using primarily external craniodental characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa C Pusch
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut füsr Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian F Kammerer
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jörg Fröbisch
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut füsr Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Paes-Neto VD, Lacerda MB, Ezcurra MD, Raugust T, Trotteyn MJ, Soares MB, Schultz CL, Pretto FA, Francischini H, Martinelli AG. New rhadinosuchine proterochampsids from the late Middle-early Late Triassic of southern Brazil enhance the diversity of archosauriforms. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:851-889. [PMID: 37589539 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Proterochampsidae is a clade of non-archosaurian archosauriforms restricted to the Middle to the Late Triassic of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin of Argentina and the Santa Maria Supersequence of Brazil. A reappraisal of proterochampsid specimens from the Brazilian Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone (AZ) of the Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence (late Ladinian-early Carnian) is presented here. One of the specimens was preliminary assigned to Chanaresuchus sp., whose type species comes from the Massetognathus-Chanaresuchus AZ of the Chañares Formation of Argentina. However, our revision indicates that it differs from Chanaresuchus, being more closely related to the middle-late Carnian Rhadinosuchus gracilis. We therefore propose the new taxon, Pinheirochampsa rodriguesi, to reallocate this specimen. Additionally, we present a revision of other putative Chanaresuchus occurrences in Brazil, including the only known specimen described for the Santacruzodon AZ (Santa Cruz do Sul Sequence; early Carnian), also proposing it as a new taxon: Kuruxuchampsa dornellesi. Both new species are characterized, among other features, by transverse expansion of the anterior end of the rostrum, similar to the condition present in Rhadinosuchus, but absent in Chanaresuchus, Gualosuchus, Pseudochampsa, and non-rhadinosuchine proterochampsids. These two new species expand the growing knowledge of the non-archosaurian archosauriform diversity during the Middle-Late Triassic in South America and enhance faunal and chronological comparisons between approximately coeval geological units between Argentina and Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voltaire D Paes-Neto
- Laboratório de Paleobiologia, Unipampa Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcel B Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martín D Ezcurra
- Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, CONICET-Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tiago Raugust
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Catarinense (IFC), Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - María J Trotteyn
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales UNSJ - CONICET, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Marina B Soares
- Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesar L Schultz
- Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Pretto
- Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, São João do Polêsine, Brazil
| | - Heitor Francischini
- Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Agustín G Martinelli
- Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, CONICET-Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Foffa D, Nesbitt SJ, Butler RJ, Brusatte SL, Walsh S, Fraser NC, Barrett PM. The osteology of the Late Triassic reptile Scleromochlus taylori from μCT data. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:1113-1146. [PMID: 37846180 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Scleromochlus taylori is one of the most enigmatic members of the herpetofauna from the Lossiemouth Sandstone Formation (Upper Triassic) of Elgin (Moray, Scotland). For many years it was thought to be closely related to pterosaurs and dinosaurs, but the anatomy of this animal is difficult to interpret because of the notoriously poor preservation of the six available specimens, which comprise void space in the sandstone after the bones were destroyed by diagenesis. Historically, these fossils have been studied using physical molds, which provide only incomplete, and potentially distorted, information. Due to these uncertainties, interpretations of the anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and paleobiology of Scleromochlus taylori have remained contentious. Here, we use microcomputed tomographic (μCT) techniques to redescribe and illustrate the osteology of Scleromochlus in detail, building upon a short redescription of keystone features of the anatomy that we recently published. We digitally visualize, describe, and figure previously inaccessible-and thus unaltered-portions of its skeleton, as well as providing new observations on the exposed parts of each specimen. This work reveals many novel features of the skull, mandible, trunk, tail, girdles, forelimb, and hindlimb (particularly of the manus, femur, and pes), demonstrating that historic molding techniques failed, in some cases, to accurately capture the anatomy of Scleromochlus. Our review sheds light on some of the most controversial aspects of Scleromochlus morphology showing that this taxon retains plesiomorphic features of Avemetatarsalia in the postcranial skeleton, alongside a suite of synapomorphies diagnostic of pterosauromorphs (the broad clade of pterosaurs and taxa more closely related to them than dinosaurs), particularly one subgroup, the lagerpetids. Consistent with recent work, our updated phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference) demonstrate that Scleromochlus taylori is an avemetatarsalian archosaur that is recovered firmly in an early diverging position within Pterosauromorpha, as a member of Lagerpetidae, thus shedding important information on the origin of pterosaurs, the first group of vertebrates to evolve powered flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Foffa
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Richard J Butler
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen L Brusatte
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stig Walsh
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas C Fraser
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul M Barrett
- Fossil Reptiles, Amphibians and Birds Section, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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43
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Ouyang MY, Wang S, Nie WH, Wang PH, Liao WX, Liu XH, Lin SS, Lin RP, Chen GY, Zhu B, Shen J. Methylomonas defluvii sp. nov., a type I methane-oxidizing bacterium from a secondary sedimentation tank of a wastewater treatment plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38607367 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
An aerobic methanotroph was isolated from a secondary sedimentation tank of a wastewater treatment plant and designated strain OY6T. Cells of OY6T were Gram-stain-negative, pink-pigmented, motile rods and contained an intracytoplasmic membrane structure typical of type I methanotrophs. OY6T could grow at a pH range of 4.5-7.5 (optimum pH 6.5) and at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 37 °C (optimum 30 °C). The major cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and C16 : 1ω5c; the predominant respiratory quinone was MQ-8. The genome size was 5.41 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 51.7 mol%. OY6T represents a member of the family Methylococcaceae of the class Gammaproteobacteria and displayed 95.74-99.64 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of species of the genus Methylomonas. Whole-genome comparisons based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) confirmed that OY6T should be classified as representing a novel species. The most closely related type strain was Methylomonas fluvii EbBT, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, ANI by blast (ANIb), ANI by MUMmer (ANIm) and dDDH values of 99.64, 90.46, 91.92 and 44.5 %, respectively. OY6T possessed genes encoding both the particulate methane monooxygenase enzyme and the soluble methane monooxygenase enzyme. It grew only on methane or methanol as carbon sources. On the basis of phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic data, strain OY6T represents a novel species within the genus Methylomonas for which the name Methylomonas defluvii sp. nov. is proposed, with strain OY6T (=GDMCC 1.4114T=KCTC 8159T=LMG 33371T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yan Ouyang
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sai Wang
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wen-Han Nie
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Pei-Hong Wang
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei-Xue Liao
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Liu
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Si-Si Lin
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rong-Peng Lin
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Gong-You Chen
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jian Shen
- People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
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44
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Reyes WA, Martz JW, Small BJ. Garzapelta muelleri gen. et sp. nov., a new aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Late Triassic (middle Norian) middle Cooper Canyon Formation, Dockum Group, Texas, USA, and its implications on our understanding of the morphological disparity of the aetosaurian dorsal carapace. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:1271-1299. [PMID: 38206046 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The Late Triassic Dockum Group in northwestern Texas preserves a rich diversity of pseudosuchian taxa, particularly of aetosaurs. In this contribution, we present Garzapelta muelleri gen. et sp. nov., a new aetosaur from the Late Triassic middle Cooper Canyon Formation (latest Adamanian-earliest Revueltian teilzones) in Garza County, Texas, based on an associated specimen that preserves a significant portion of its dorsal carapace. The carapace of G. muelleri exhibits a striking degree of similarity between that of the paratypothoracin Rioarribasuchus chamaensis and desmatosuchins. We quantitatively assessed the relationships of G. muelleri using several iterations of the matrix. Scoring the paramedian and lateral osteoderms of G. muelleri independently results in conflicting topologies. Thus, it is evident that our current matrix is limited in its ability to discern the convergence within this new taxon and that our current character lists are not fully accounting for the morphological disparity of the aetosaurian carapace. Qualitative comparisons suggest that G. muelleri is a Rioarribasuchus-like paratypothoracin with lateral osteoderms that are convergent with those of desmatosuchins. Although the shape of the dorsal eminence, and the presence of a dorsal flange that is rectangular and proportionately longer than the lateral flange are desmatosuchin-like features of G. muelleri, the taxon does not exhibit the articulation style between the paramedian and lateral osteoderms which diagnose the Desmatosuchini (i.e., a rigid interlocking contact, and an anteromedial edge of the lateral osteoderm that overlaps the adjacent paramedian osteoderm).
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Reyes
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Martz
- The Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, The University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan J Small
- The Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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45
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Maggioni D, Schuchert P, Ostrovsky AN, Schiavo A, Hoeksema BW, Pica D, Piraino S, Arrigoni R, Seveso D, Montalbetti E, Galli P, Montano S. Systematics and character evolution of capitate hydrozoans. Cladistics 2024; 40:107-134. [PMID: 38112464 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Capitate hydrozoans are a morphologically and ecologically diverse hydrozoan suborder, currently including about 200 species. Being grouped in two clades, Corynida and Zancleida, these hydrozoans still show a number of taxonomic uncertainties at the species, genus and family levels. Many Capitata species established symbiotic relationships with other benthic organisms, including bryozoans, other cnidarians, molluscs and poriferans, as well as with planktonic dinoflagellates for mixotrophic relationships and with bacteria for thiotrophic ectosymbioses. Our study aimed at providing an updated and comprehensive phylogeny reconstruction of the suborder, at modelling the evolution of selected morphological and ecological characters, and at testing evolutionary relationships between the symbiotic lifestyle and the other characters, by integrating taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary data. The phylogenetic hypotheses here presented shed light on the evolutionary relationships within Capitata, with most families and genera being recovered as monophyletic. The genus Zanclea and family Zancleidae, however, were divided into four divergent clades, requiring the establishment of the new genus Apatizanclea and the new combinations for species in Zanclea and Halocoryne genera. The ancestral state reconstructions revealed that symbiosis arose multiple times in the evolutionary history of the Capitata, and that homoplasy is a common phenomenon in the group. Correlations were found between the evolution of symbiosis and morphological characters, such as the perisarc. Overall, our results highlighted that the use of genetic data and a complete knowledge of the life cycles are strongly needed to disentangle taxonomic and systematic issues in capitate hydrozoans. Finally, the colonization of tropical habitat appears to have influenced the evolution of a symbiotic lifestyle, playing important roles in the evolution of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Maggioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences (BtBs), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Marine Research and Higher Education (MaRHE) Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Faafu Magoodhoo Island, 12030, Maldives
| | | | - Andrew N Ostrovsky
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Andrea Schiavo
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Bert W Hoeksema
- Marine Evolution and Ecology Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, 2333 CR, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Pica
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Calabria Marine Centre, Amendolara, 87071, Italy
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Marine Science (CoNISMa), Rome, 00196, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Roberto Arrigoni
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Genoa Marine Centre (GMC), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn - National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Genoa, 16126, Italy
| | - Davide Seveso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Marine Research and Higher Education (MaRHE) Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Faafu Magoodhoo Island, 12030, Maldives
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Enrico Montalbetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Marine Research and Higher Education (MaRHE) Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Faafu Magoodhoo Island, 12030, Maldives
| | - Paolo Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Marine Research and Higher Education (MaRHE) Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Faafu Magoodhoo Island, 12030, Maldives
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Simone Montano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Marine Research and Higher Education (MaRHE) Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Faafu Magoodhoo Island, 12030, Maldives
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy
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46
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Sues HD, Schoch RR. The oldest known rhynchocephalian reptile from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Germany and its phylogenetic position among Lepidosauromorpha. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:776-790. [PMID: 37937325 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal remains of a small lepidosaurian reptile from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian: Longobardian) Erfurt Formation, exposed in a commercial limestone quarry near Vellberg (Germany), represent the oldest rhynchocephalian known to date. The new taxon, Wirtembergia hauboldae, is diagnosed by the following combination of features: Premaxilla with four teeth, first being largest and decreasing in size from first to fourth. Jugal with tiny, spur-like posterior process. Lateral surface of dentary strongly convex dorsoventrally for much of length of bone, bearing distinct longitudinal ridge and sculpturing in large specimens. Coronoid eminence of dentary low, subrectangular, and with dorsoventrally concave lateral surface in larger specimens. Dentition with pleurodont anterior and acrodont posterior teeth. Posterior (=additional) teeth with (in side view) triangular, at mid-crown level labiolingually somewhat flattened crowns, and with oval bases. Phylogenetic analysis recovered the new rhynchocephalian as the earliest-diverging member of its clade known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Dieter Sues
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rainer R Schoch
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Paläontologie, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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47
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Freisem LS, Müller J, Sues HD, Sobral G. A new sphenodontian (Diapsida: Lepidosauria) from the Upper Triassic (Norian) of Germany and its implications for the mode of sphenodontian evolution. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:35. [PMID: 38493125 PMCID: PMC10944618 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The Arnstadt Formation of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany has yielded some of Germany's most substantial finds of Late Triassic tetrapods, including the sauropodomorph Plateosaurus and the stem-turtle Proganochelys quenstedti. Here, we describe an almost complete skull of a new sphenodontian taxon from this formation (Norian, 227-208 Ma), making it the oldest known articulated sphenodontian skull from Europe and one of the oldest in the world. The material is represented by the dermal skull roof and by the complete maxilla and temporal region, as well as parts of the palate, braincase, and lower jaw. A phylogenetic assessment recovers it as a basal sphenodontian closely related to Planocephalosaurus robinsonae and to Eusphenodontia, making it the earliest-diverging sphenodontian known with an articulated skull. Its cranial anatomy is generally similar to the well-known Diphydontosaurus avonis from the Rhaetian of England, showing that this successful phenotype was already established in the clade around 10 myr earlier than assumed. An analysis of evolutionary change rates recovers high rates of evolution in basal sphenodontians, with decreasing rates throughout the evolution of the group. However, contrary to previous studies, reversals in this trend were identified, indicating additional peaks of evolutionary change. These results improve our understanding of the early sphenodontian diversity in Europe, providing critical information on evolutionary trends throughout the history of the clade and sparking renewed interest in its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Freisem
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Johannes Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- Und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Sues
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gabriela Sobral
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, Stuttgart, 70191, Germany.
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48
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Miedema F, Bastiaans D, Scheyer TM, Klug C, Maxwell EE. A large new Middle Jurassic ichthyosaur shows the importance of body size evolution in the origin of the Ophthalmosauria. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:34. [PMID: 38493100 PMCID: PMC10944604 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The Middle Jurassic is an important time period for the evolutionary history of marine reptiles as it represented a transitional phase for many clades. Notably, in ichthyosaurs, many early parvipelvian taxa went extinct. The Middle Jurassic saw the emergence of the derived Ophthalmosauria, ultimately becoming the dominant ichthyosaurian clade by the end of the epoch. Even though this is an important period in the evolutionary history of Ophthalmosauria, our understanding remains limited in terms of morphology and taxonomy due to the scarcity of vertebrate-bearing strata. Here we present a large new ichthyosaur from the Bajocian of Switzerland, represented by an almost complete skull with 3D-preserved bones, the (inter)clavicles and a large portion of the postcranial skeleton. After CT- and surface scanning, we reconstructed the 3D in vivo morphology. Our morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses show that the new taxon named Argovisaurus martafernandezi is nested at the base of the Ophthalmosauria. The holotype and only known specimen of Argovisaurus likely represents an adult individual. Bajocian members of the Ophthalmosauria (Mollesaurus and Argovisaurus) were large-bodied animals, a trait typically associated with the more derived Platypterygiinae. This hints at the importance of a large body size early in ophthalmosaurian evolution.LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C3312628-1544-4B87-BBE3-B12346A30BE3LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:23C2BD71-8CF0-4D99-848A-0D631518415B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiko Miedema
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, Stuttgart, 70191, Germany.
- Universität Zürich, Paläontologisches Institut, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich, 8006, Switzerland.
| | - Dylan Bastiaans
- Universität Zürich, Paläontologisches Institut, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich, 8006, Switzerland
- NHMB: Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, 4001, Switzerland
| | - Torsten M Scheyer
- Universität Zürich, Paläontologisches Institut, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klug
- Universität Zürich, Paläontologisches Institut, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Erin E Maxwell
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, Stuttgart, 70191, Germany
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49
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Dos Santos DM, de Carvalho JC, de Oliveira CEM, de Andrade MB, Santucci RM. Cranial and postcranial anatomy of a juvenile baurusuchid (Notosuchia, Crocodylomorpha) and the taxonomical implications of ontogeny. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38429867 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Baurusuchidae comprises a clade of top-tier terrestrial predators and are among the most abundant crocodyliforms found in the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin, Brazil (Campanian-Maastrichtian). Here, we provide a detailed description of the cranial and postcranial osteology and myology of the most complete juvenile baurusuchid found to date. Although the preservation of juvenile individuals is somewhat rare, previously reported occurrences of baurusuchid egg clutches, a yearling individual, and larger, but skeletally immature specimens, comprise a unique opportunity to track anatomical changes throughout their ontogenetic series. Its cranial anatomy was resolved with the aid of a three-dimensional model generated by the acquisition of computed tomography data, and its inferred adductor mandibular musculature was compared to that of mature specimens in order to assess possible ontogenetic shifts. A subsequent phylogenetic analysis included the scoring of Gondwanasuchus scabrosus, the smallest baurusuchid species known to date, to evaluate its phylogenetic relations relative to a known juvenile. We find considerable differences between juveniles and adults concerning skull ornamentation and muscle development, which might indicate ontogenetic niche partitioning, and also anatomical and phylogenetic evidence that G. scabrosus corresponds to a young semaphoront lacking mature cranial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martins Dos Santos
- Zoology Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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50
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Davranoglou LR, Hartung V. Moss bugs shed light on the evolution of complex bioacoustic systems. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298174. [PMID: 38394293 PMCID: PMC10890781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibroacoustic signalling is one of the dominant strategies of animal communication, especially in small invertebrates. Among insects, the order Hemiptera displays a staggering diversity of vibroacoustic organs and is renowned for possessing biomechanically complex elastic recoil devices such as tymbals and snapping organs that enable robust vibrational communication. However, our understanding of the evolution of hemipteran elastic recoil devices is hindered by the absence of relevant data in the phylogenetically important group known as moss bugs (Coleorrhyncha), which produce substrate-borne vibrations through an unknown mechanism. In the present work, we reveal the functional morphology of the moss bug vibrational mechanism and study its presence across Coleorrhyncha and in extinct fossilised relatives. We incorporate the anatomical features of the moss bug vibrational mechanism in a phylogeny of Hemiptera, which supports either a sister-group relationship to Heteroptera, or a sister-group relationship with the Auchenorrhyncha. Regardless of topology, we propose that simple abdominal vibration was present at the root of Euhemiptera, and arose 350 million years ago, suggesting that this mode of signalling is among the most ancient in the animal kingdom. Therefore, the most parsimonious explanation for the origins of complex elastic recoil devices is that they represent secondary developments that arose exclusively in the Auchenorrhyncha.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viktor Hartung
- LWL-Museum of Natural History, Westphalian State Museum with Planetarium, Münster, Germany
- Museum für Naturkunde—Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
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