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Lafuente MT, González-Candelas L. The Role of ABA in the Interaction between Citrus Fruit and Penicillium digitatum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415796. [PMID: 36555436 PMCID: PMC9779756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) protects citrus fruit against Penicillium digitatum infection. The global mechanisms involved in the role of ABA in the P. digitatum-citrus fruit interaction are unknown. Here, we determine the transcriptome differences between the Navelate (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) orange and its ABA-deficient mutant Pinalate, which is less resistant to infection. Low ABA levels may affect both the constitutive mechanisms that protect citrus fruit against P. digitatum and early responses to infection. The repression of terpenoid, phenylpropanoid and glutation metabolism; of oxidation-reduction processes; and of processes related to the defense response to fungus and plant hormone signal transduction may be one part of the constitutive defense reduced in the mutant against P. digitatum. Our results also provide potential targets for developing P. digitatum-citrus fruit-resistant varieties. Of those up-regulated by ABA, a thaumatin protein and a bifunctional inhibitor/LTP, which are relevant in plant immunity, were particularly remarkable. It is also worth highlighting chlorophyllase 1 (CLH1), induced by infection in Pinalate, and the OXS3 gene, which was down-regulated by ABA, because the absence of OXS3 activates ABA-responsive genes in plants.
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2
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Albedo- and Flavedo-Specific Transcriptome Profiling Related to Penicillium digitatum Infection in Citrus Fruit. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092196. [PMID: 34574307 PMCID: PMC8467057 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum is the main postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit. Although the inner fruit peel part (albedo) is less resistant than the outer part (flavedo) to P. digitatum, the global mechanisms involved in their different susceptibility remain unknown. Here, we examine transcriptome differences between both tissues at fruit harvest and in their early responses to infection. At harvest, not only was secondary metabolism, involving phenylpropanoids, waxes, and terpenoids, generally induced in flavedo vs. albedo, but also energy metabolism, transcription factors (TFs), and biotic stress-related hormones and proteins too. Flavedo-specific induced responses to infection might be regulated in part by ERF1 TF, and are related to structural plant cell wall reinforcement. Other induced responses may be related to H2O2, the synthesis of phenylpropanoids, and the stress-related proteins required to maintain basal defense responses against virulent pathogens, whereas P. digitatum represses some hydrolase-encoding genes that play different functions and auxin-responsive genes in this peel tissue. In infected albedo, the repression of transport and signal transduction prevail, as does the induction of not only the processes related to the synthesis of flavonoids, indole glucosinolates, cutin, and oxylipins, but also the specific genes that elicit plant immunity against pathogens.
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Shipman EN, Yu J, Zhou J, Albornoz K, Beckles DM. Can gene editing reduce postharvest waste and loss of fruit, vegetables, and ornamentals? HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:1. [PMID: 33384412 PMCID: PMC7775472 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest waste and loss of horticultural crops exacerbates the agricultural problems facing humankind and will continue to do so in the next decade. Fruits and vegetables provide us with a vast spectrum of healthful nutrients, and along with ornamentals, enrich our lives with a wide array of pleasant sensory experiences. These commodities are, however, highly perishable. Approximately 33% of the produce that is harvested is never consumed since these products naturally have a short shelf-life, which leads to postharvest loss and waste. This loss, however, could be reduced by breeding new crops that retain desirable traits and accrue less damage over the course of long supply chains. New gene-editing tools promise the rapid and inexpensive production of new varieties of crops with enhanced traits more easily than was previously possible. Our aim in this review is to critically evaluate gene editing as a tool to modify the biological pathways that determine fruit, vegetable, and ornamental quality, especially after storage. We provide brief and accessible overviews of both the CRISPR-Cas9 method and the produce supply chain. Next, we survey the literature of the last 30 years, to catalog genes that control or regulate quality or senescence traits that are "ripe" for gene editing. Finally, we discuss barriers to implementing gene editing for postharvest, from the limitations of experimental methods to international policy. We conclude that in spite of the hurdles that remain, gene editing of produce and ornamentals will likely have a measurable impact on reducing postharvest loss and waste in the next 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Shipman
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Plant Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Jingwei Yu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Graduate Group of Horticulture & Agronomy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Graduate Group of Horticulture & Agronomy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Karin Albornoz
- Departamento de Produccion Vegetal, Universidad de Concepcion, Region del BioBio, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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4
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Lafuente MT, Romero P, Ballester AR. Coordinated activation of the metabolic pathways induced by LED blue light in citrus fruit. Food Chem 2020; 341:128050. [PMID: 33049419 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical changes induced by LED Blue Light (LBL) (450 nm) in Lane Late oranges were investigated. The selected quantum flux (60 µmol m-2 s-1, 2 days) was associated with resistance against Penicillium digitatum, the main postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit. A holistic overview was obtained by a comparative transcriptome profile analysis, which revealed that LBL favored energy metabolism and redirected metabolic pathways toward the synthesis of diverse primary and secondary metabolism products. LBL favored reactive oxygen species homeostasis and metabolic activities involving lipid metabolism, specifically the synthesis of pigments and oxylipins, and the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and indol- and alkaloid-derivatives. LBL also repressed limonene catabolism and triggered phenylpropanoid derivatives-related changes, which increased content in total flavonoids. Transferring fruit from LBL to darkness favored those processes involving amino acids, different phenylpropanoid, alkaloid and terpenoid classes, and ferrochelatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Lafuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paco Romero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana-Rosa Ballester
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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5
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Baró-Montel N, Vall-Llaura N, Giné-Bordonaba J, Usall J, Serrano-Prieto S, Teixidó N, Torres R. Double-sided battle: The role of ethylene during Monilinia spp. infection in peach at different phenological stages. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:324-333. [PMID: 31606717 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Controversy exists on whether ethylene is involved in determining fruit resistance or susceptibility against biotic stress. In this work, the hypothesis that ethylene biosynthesis in peaches at different phenological stages may be modulated by Monilinia spp. was tested. To achieve this, at 49 and 126 d after full bloom (DAFB), ethylene biosynthesis of healthy and infected 'Merryl O'Henry' peaches with three strains of Monilinia spp. (M. fructicola (CPMC6) and M. laxa (CPML11 and ML8L) that differ in terms of aggressiveness) was analysed at the biochemical and molecular level along the course of infection in fruit stored at 20 °C. At 49 DAFB, results evidenced that infected fruit showed inhibition of ethylene production in comparison with non-inoculated fruit, suggesting that the three Monilinia strains were somehow suppressing ethylene biosynthesis to modify fruit defences to successfully infect the host. On the contrary, at 126 DAFB ethylene production increased concomitantly with brown rot spread, and values for non-inoculated fruit were almost undetectable throughout storage at 20 °C. The expression of several target genes involved in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway confirmed that they were differentially expressed upon Monilinia infection, pointing to a strain-dependent regulation. Notably, Prunus persica 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) (PpACS) family was the most over-expressed over time, demonstrating a positive ethylene regulation, especially at 126 DAFB. At this phenological stage it was demonstrated the ability of Monilinia spp. to alter ethylene biosynthesis through PpACS1 and benefit from the consequences of an ethylene burst likely on cell wall softening. Overall, our results put forward that infection not only among different strains but also at each stage is achieved by different mechanisms, with ethylene being a key factor in determining peach resistance or susceptibility to brown rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Baró-Montel
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Vall-Llaura
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sandra Serrano-Prieto
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Luo A, Bai J, Li R, Liu Z, Fang Y, Wang D, Huang T, Zhang L, Liang J, Kou L. Difference of resistance to postharvest blue mold between Hongyang and Qihong kiwifruits. Food Chem 2019; 285:389-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Yuan S, Yan J, Wang M, Ding X, Zhang Y, Li W, Cao J, Jiang W. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profiling Reveals 'Green Ring' and 'Red Ring' on Jujube Fruit upon Postharvest Alternaria alternata Infection. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:844-861. [PMID: 30605542 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is the major threat to postharvest storage of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit. We found that natural A. alternata infection can cause very typical phenotype of 'green ring' and 'red ring' surrounding the disease spot on the jujube fruit. The phenotype was successfully modeled and constructed on jujubes by artificial inoculation with the pathogen. Furthermore, the pathogenic infection is evidenced essential to the onset of the phenotype. The 'red ring' circle is proved to be pre-fixed to block the 'green ring' area as a battlefield combating the pathogen's attack. We monitored the global transcriptomic profiling of 'green ring' and 'red ring' tissues from jujubes infected with A. alternata, in comparison with the mock-inoculated fruit and the control intact fruit. Large amount of differentially expressed genes were obtained in 'green ring', followed by 'red ring'. Transcriptional alterations associated with the core and peripheral phenylpropanoid and lignin pathways, plant hormonal metabolisms were greatly influenced in the 'green ring' and 'red ring' by the A. alternata infection. The integrated analysis of transcriptomic profiling and metabolic changes revealed the differentially but delicately coordinated activation of these biological processes in the 'green ring' and 'red ring' on jujubes in defensing the fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Ding
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wusun Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
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8
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Gandía M, Garrigues S, Hernanz-Koers M, Manzanares P, Marcos JF. Differential roles, crosstalk and response to the Antifungal Protein AfpB in the three Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) pathways of the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 124:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Tang Q, Zhu F, Cao X, Zheng X, Yu T, Lu L. Cryptococcus laurentii controls gray mold of cherry tomato fruit via modulation of ethylene-associated immune responses. Food Chem 2018; 278:240-247. [PMID: 30583368 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the roles of phytohormone ethylene in cherry tomato fruit immune response against gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. Pretreatment with antagonistic yeast Cryptococcus laurentii resulted in a significantly decreased disease incidence of B. cinerea infection, and accompanied by a burst of ethylene production in the whole fruit. Blocking the ethylene perception by adding 1-MCP (5 μL L-1 or greater) remarkably weaken the protection ability of fruit itself and suppressed the C. laurentii-stimulated host immune response. 5 μL L-1 1-MCP prefumigation decreased the expression of ethylene biosynthesis and perception related genes SlACO1, SlACS2, SlERF1, SlPti5 and SlMPK3, and ethylene production in C. laurentii treated fruit. Consequently, the expressions of SlCHI9, SlGlub, SlPAL3, SlPR1 and SlPR5 up-regulated by the yeast were all impaired to different degrees by the 1-MCP prefumigation. These findings demonstrate that ethylene contributes to fruit immunity and C. laurentii-mediated immune responses of cherry tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fanghuan Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Laifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Lin M, Zhang Y, Sun C, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zheng X, Yu T. Characterization and overexpression of RHO1 from Cryptococcus laurentii ZJU10 activates CWI signaling pathway on enhancing the inhibition of blue mold on pears. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 278:1-10. [PMID: 29689332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Results from this study explored the inhibitory effect of RHO1 gene (GenBank accession number KY859864) from the antagonistic yeast, Cryptococcus laurentii ZJU10, on the control of Penicillium expansum in pear fruit and its possible mechanism involved. The RHO1 gene was successfully cloned and overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sequence analysis showed high similarity with Rho family proteins, implying a primary role of Rho1 in the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway. Gene expression of RHO1 and other five CWI-related genes (including Pkc1, Rlm1, Fks1, Fks2 and Chs3) were significant up-regulated in the treatment of SC/Rho1-induced strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with RHO1 and induced by galactose). Meanwhile, SC/Rho1-induced treatment reduced about 61.5% of disease incidence and almost 5-times lower lesion diameter compared to the control. In addition, the growth of transformed strains was slightly lower in contrast to the wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the induction of fruit resistance was significantly enhanced, which was tightly linked with triggering stronger host defensive responses by priming activation. This is the first study that Rho1 has a potential function of suppressing fungal disease in harvested fruit by activating CWI signaling pathway and indicates an alternative strategy for postharvest disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Lafuente MT, Alférez F, González-Candelas L. Light-emitting Diode Blue Light Alters the Ability ofPenicillium digitatumto Infect Citrus Fruits. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1003-1009. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María T. Lafuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Paterna-Valencia Spain
| | - Fernando Alférez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Paterna-Valencia Spain
| | - Luis González-Candelas
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Paterna-Valencia Spain
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12
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Vilanova L, Vall-Llaura N, Torres R, Usall J, Teixidó N, Larrigaudière C, Giné-Bordonaba J. Penicillium expansum (compatible) and Penicillium digitatum (non-host) pathogen infection differentially alter ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 120:132-143. [PMID: 29028545 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The role of ethylene on inducing plant resistance or susceptibility to certain fungal pathogens clearly depends on the plant pathogen interaction with little or no-information available focused on the apple-Penicillium interaction. Taken advantage that Penicillium expansum is the compatible pathogen and P. digitatum is the non-host of apples, the present study aimed at deciphering how each Penicillium spp. could interfere in the fruit ethylene biosynthesis at the biochemical and molecular level. The infection capacity and different aspects related to the ethylene biosynthesis were conducted at different times post-inoculation. The results show that the fruit ethylene biosynthesis was differently altered during the P. expansum infection than in response to other biotic (non-host pathogen P. digitatum) or abiotic stresses (wounding). The first symptoms of the disease due to P. expansum were visible before the initiation of the fruit ethylene climacteric burst. Indeed, the ethylene climacteric burst was reduced in response to P. expansum concomitant to an important induction of MdACO3 gene expression and an inhibition (ca. 3-fold) and overexpression (ca. 2-fold) of ACO (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase) and ACS (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase) enzyme activities, indicating a putative role of MdACO3 in the P. expansum-apple interaction which may, in turn, be related to System-1 ethylene biosynthesis. System-1 is auto-inhibited by ethylene and is characteristic of non-climateric or pre-climacteric fruit. Accordingly, we hypothesise that P. expansum may 'manipulate' the endogenous ethylene biosynthesis in apples, leading to the circumvention or suppression of effective defences hence facilitating its colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vilanova
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Vall-Llaura
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Shimada T, Endo T, Rodríguez A, Fujii H, Goto S, Matsuura T, Hojo Y, Ikeda Y, Mori IC, Fujikawa T, Peña L, Omura M. Ectopic accumulation of linalool confers resistance to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in transgenic sweet orange plants. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:654-664. [PMID: 28131994 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify whether high linalool content in citrus leaves alone induces strong field resistance to citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), and to assess whether this trait can be transferred to a citrus type highly sensitive to the bacterium, transgenic 'Hamlin' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) plants over-expressing a linalool synthase gene (CuSTS3-1) were generated. Transgenic lines (LIL) with the highest linalool content showed strong resistance to citrus canker when spray inoculated with the bacterium. In LIL plants inoculated by wounding (multiple-needle inoculation), the linalool level was correlated with the repression of the bacterial titer and up-regulation of defense-related genes. The exogenous application of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate or linalool triggered responses similar to those constitutively induced in LIL plants. The linalool content in Ponkan mandarin leaves was significantly higher than that of leaves from six other representative citrus genotypes with different susceptibilities to Xcc. We propose that linalool-mediated resistance might be unique to citrus tissues accumulating large amounts of volatile organic compounds in oil cells. Linalool might act not only as a direct antibacterial agent, but also as a signal molecule involved in triggering a non-host resistance response against Xcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Shimada
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-Oriented Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Tomoko Endo
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-Oriented Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Fundecitrus, Av. Dr. Adhemar de Barros Pereira, 201, 14807-040 Vila Melhado, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP/CSIC-UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-Oriented Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Shingo Goto
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-Oriented Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikeda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujikawa
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-Oriented Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Leandro Peña
- Fundecitrus, Av. Dr. Adhemar de Barros Pereira, 201, 14807-040 Vila Melhado, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP/CSIC-UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Mitsuo Omura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Lafuente MT, Establés-Ortíz B, González-Candelas L. Insights into the Molecular Events That Regulate Heat-Induced Chilling Tolerance in Citrus Fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1113. [PMID: 28694818 PMCID: PMC5483458 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Low non-freezing temperature may cause chilling injury (CI), which is responsible for external quality deterioration in many chilling-sensitive horticultural crops. Exposure of chilling-sensitive citrus cultivars to non-lethal high-temperature conditioning may increase their chilling tolerance. Very little information is available about the molecular events involved in such tolerance. In this work, the molecular events associated with the low temperature tolerance induced by heating Fortune mandarin, which is very sensitive to chilling, for 3 days at 37°C prior to cold storage is presented. A transcriptomic analysis reveals that heat-conditioning has an important impact favoring the repression of genes in cold-stored fruit, and that long-term heat-induced chilling tolerance is an active process that requires activation of transcription factors involved in transcription initiation and of the WRKY family. The analysis also shows that chilling favors degradation processes, which affect lipids and proteins, and that the protective effect of the heat-conditioning treatment is more likely to be related to the repression of the genes involved in lipid degradation than to the modification of fatty acids unsaturation, which affects membrane permeability. Another major factor associated with the beneficial effect of the heat treatment on reducing CI is the regulation of stress-related proteins. Many of the genes that encoded such proteins are involved in secondary metabolism and in oxidative stress-related processes.
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Establés-Ortiz B, Romero P, Ballester AR, González-Candelas L, Lafuente MT. Inhibiting ethylene perception with 1-methylcyclopropene triggers molecular responses aimed to cope with cell toxicity and increased respiration in citrus fruits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 103:154-66. [PMID: 26990405 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been critical in understanding the hormone's mode of action. However, 1-MCP may trigger other processes that could vary the interpretation of results related until now to ethylene, which we aim to understand by using transcriptomic analysis. Transcriptomic changes in ethylene and 1-MCP-treated 'Navelate' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) oranges were studied in parallel with changes in ethylene production, respiration and peel damage. The effects of compounds modifying the levels of the ethylene co-product cyanide and nitric oxide (NO) on fruit physiology were also studied. Results suggested that: 1) The ethylene treatment caused sub-lethal stress since it induced stress-related responses and reduced peel damage; 2) 1-MCP induced ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent responsive networks; 3) 1-MCP triggered ethylene overproduction, stress-related responses and metabolic shifts aimed to cope with cell toxicity, which mostly affected to the inner part of the peel (albedo); 4) 1-MCP increased respiration and drove metabolism reconfiguration for favoring energy conservation but up-regulated genes related to lipid and protein degradation and triggered the over-expression of genes associated with the plasma membrane cellular component; 5) Xenobiotics and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) might act as signals for defense responses in the ethylene-treated fruit, while their uncontrolled generation would induce processes mimicking cell death and damage in 1-MCP-treated fruit; 6) ROS, the ethylene co-product cyanide and NO may converge in the toxic effects of 1-MCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Establés-Ortiz
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paco Romero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana-Rosa Ballester
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
| | - Luis González-Candelas
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
| | - María T Lafuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980, Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
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Pan L, Zhang X, Wang J, Ma X, Zhou M, Huang L, Nie G, Wang P, Yang Z, Li J. Transcriptional Profiles of Drought-Related Genes in Modulating Metabolic Processes and Antioxidant Defenses in Lolium multiflorum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:519. [PMID: 27200005 PMCID: PMC4842912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental stress that limits growth and development of cool-season annual grasses. Drought transcriptional profiles of resistant and susceptible lines were studied to understand the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.). A total of 4718 genes exhibited significantly differential expression in two L. multiflorum lines. Additionally, up-regulated genes associated with drought response in the resistant lines were compared with susceptible lines. Gene ontology enrichment and pathway analyses revealed that genes partially encoding drought-responsive proteins as key regulators were significantly involved in carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism, and signal transduction. Comparable gene expression was used to identify the genes that contribute to the high drought tolerance in resistant lines of annual ryegrass. Moreover, we proposed the hypothesis that short-term drought have a beneficial effect on oxidation stress, which may be ascribed to a direct effect on the drought tolerance of annual ryegrass. Evidence suggests that some of the genes encoding antioxidants (HPTs, GGT, AP, 6-PGD, and G6PDH) function as antioxidant in lipid metabolism and signal transduction pathways, which have indispensable and promoting roles in drought resistance. This study provides the first transcriptome data on the induction of drought-related gene expression in annual ryegrass, especially via modulation of metabolic homeostasis, signal transduction, and antioxidant defenses to improve drought tolerance response to short-term drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pan
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Agronomy Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Department of Crop Molecular Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - LinKai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Pengxi Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Zhongfu Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
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17
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Liu P, Chen K, Li G, Yang X, Long CA. Comparative transcriptional profiling of orange fruit in response to the biocontrol yeast Kloeckera apiculata and its active compounds. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:17. [PMID: 26725242 PMCID: PMC4698812 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The yeast Kloeckera apiculata strain 34–9 is an antagonist that shows biological control activity against the postharvest fungal pathogens of citrus. An antifungal compound, 2-phenylethanol (PEA), has been identified from the extract of K. apiculata. To better understand the molecular processes underlying the response of citrus fruit tissue to K. apiculata, the extract and PEA, microarray analyses were performed on navel oranges using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. Results As many as 801, 339 and 608 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after the application of K. apiculata, the extract and PEA, respectively. In general, K. apiculata induced the expression of defence-related genes. In addition to chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, genes involved in ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA), calcium signalling, MAPK signalling and phenylalanine metabolism were induced. In contrast, monodehydroascorbate reductase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and carotenoid biosynthesis genes were down-regulated. The expression profiles for the extract- and PEA-treated samples were similar to that found for yeast (sharing 57.4 % DEGs), with a significant increase in the transcript levels of defence-related genes. Conclusion This study provides a global picture of the gene expression changes in navel oranges after the application of the antagonist yeast K. apiculata, its extract and PEA. The interpretation of the DEGs revealed new insight into the molecular processes that regulate the defence responses in orange tissue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2333-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pomology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Guofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Pomology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430064, P. R. China.
| | - Chao-An Long
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
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18
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Occurrence and function of fungal antifungal proteins: a case study of the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:2243-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Harries E, Gandía M, Carmona L, Marcos JF. The Penicillium digitatum protein O-mannosyltransferase Pmt2 is required for cell wall integrity, conidiogenesis, virulence and sensitivity to the antifungal peptide PAF26. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:748-761. [PMID: 25640475 PMCID: PMC6638402 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The activity of protein O-mannosyltransferases (Pmts) affects the morphogenesis and virulence of fungal pathogens. Recently, PMT genes have been shown to determine the sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the antifungal peptide PAF26. This study reports the identification and characterization of the three Pdpmt genes in the citrus post-harvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum. The Pdpmt genes are expressed during fungal growth and fruit infection, with the highest induction for Pdpmt2. Pdpmt2 complemented the growth defect of the S. cerevisiae Δpmt2 strain. The Pdpmt2 gene mutation in P. digitatum caused pleiotropic effects, including a reduction in fungal growth and virulence, whereas its constitutive expression had no phenotypic effect. The Pdpmt2 null mutants also showed a distinctive colourless phenotype with a strong reduction in the number of conidia, which was associated with severe alterations in the development of conidiophores. Additional effects of the Pdpmt2 mutation were hyphal morphological alterations, increased sensitivity to cell wall-interfering compounds and a blockage of invasive growth. In contrast, the Pdpmt2 mutation increased tolerance to oxidative stress and to the antifungal activity of PAF26. These data confirm the role of protein O-glycosylation in the PAF26-mediated antifungal mechanism present in distantly related fungal species. Important to future crop protection strategies, this study demonstrates that a mutation rendering fungi more resistant to an antifungal peptide results in severe deleterious effects on fungal growth and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Harries
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Avda, Agustín Escardino-7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Gandía
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Avda, Agustín Escardino-7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Carmona
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Avda, Agustín Escardino-7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose F Marcos
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Avda, Agustín Escardino-7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Daurelio LD, Tondo ML, Romero MS, Merelo P, Cortadi AA, Talón M, Tadeo FR, Orellano EG. Novel insights into the Citrus sinensis nonhost response suggest photosynthesis decline, abiotic stress networks and secondary metabolism modifications. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:758-769. [PMID: 32480719 DOI: 10.1071/fp14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to stress factors. Biotic stress is produced by living organisms such as pathogens, whereas abiotic stress by unfavourable environmental conditions. In Citrus species, one of the most important fruit crops in the world, these stresses generate serious limitations in productivity. Through biochemical and transcriptomic assays, we had previously characterised the Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck nonhost response to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge), in contrast to Asiatic citrus canker infection caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Hasse). A hypersensitive response (HR) including changes in the expression of several transcription factors was reported. Here, a new exhaustive analysis of the Citrus sinensis transcriptomes previously obtained was performed, allowing us to detect the over-representation of photosynthesis, abiotic stress and secondary metabolism processes during the nonhost HR. The broad downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes was correlated with an altered photosynthesis physiology. The high number of heat shock proteins and genes related to abiotic stress, including aquaporins, suggests that stresses crosstalk. Additionally, the secondary metabolism exhibited lignin and carotenoid biosynthesis modifications and expression changes in the cell rescue GSTs. In conclusion, novel features of the Citrus nonhost HR, an important part of the plants' defence against disease that has yet to be fully exploited in plant breeding programs, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Daurelio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FBIOYF) - Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531 (S2002 LRK), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Laura Tondo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FBIOYF) - Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531 (S2002 LRK), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Soledad Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario (INDEAR), Ocampo 210 bis, Predio CCT Rosario, (2000), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paz Merelo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriana A Cortadi
- Área de Biología Vegetal, FBIOYF - UNR, Suipacha 531 (S2002 LRK), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Manuel Talón
- Centre de Genómica, Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries, Apt. Oficial, 46113 Montcada, València, Spain
| | - Francisco R Tadeo
- Centre de Genómica, Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries, Apt. Oficial, 46113 Montcada, València, Spain
| | - Elena G Orellano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FBIOYF) - Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531 (S2002 LRK), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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21
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Cheng C, Zhang L, Yang X, Zhong G. Profiling gene expression in citrus fruit calyx abscission zone (AZ-C) treated with ethylene. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:1991-2006. [PMID: 25948248 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
On-tree storage and harvesting of mature fruit account for a large proportion of cost in the production of citrus, and a reduction of the cost would not be achieved without a thorough understanding of the mechani sm of the mature fruit abscission. Genome-wide gene expression changes in ethylene-treated fruit calyx abscission zone (AZ-C) of Citrus sinensis cv. Olinda were therefore investigated using a citrus genome array representing up to 33,879 citrus transcripts. In total, 1313 and 1044 differentially regulated genes were identified in AZ-C treated with ethylene for 4 and 24 h, respectively. The results showed that mature citrus fruit abscission commenced with the activation of ethylene signal transduction pathway that led to the activation of ethylene responsive transcription factors and the subsequent transcriptional regulation of a large set of ethylene responsive genes. Significantly down-regulated genes included those of starch/sugar biosynthesis, transportation of water and growth promoting hormone synthesis and signaling, whereas significantly up-regulated genes were those involved in defense, cell wall degradation, and secondary metabolism. Our data unraveled the underlying mechanisms of some known important biochemical events occurring at AZ-C and should provide informative suggestions for future manipulation of the events to achieve a controllable abscission for mature citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhen Cheng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, People's Republic of China. .,College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit tree Researches, Guangdong Province Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University Guizhou, Guiyang, 550001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyan Zhong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit tree Researches, Guangdong Province Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, People's Republic of China.
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22
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López-Pérez M, Ballester AR, González-Candelas L. Identification and functional analysis of Penicillium digitatum genes putatively involved in virulence towards citrus fruit. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:262-75. [PMID: 25099378 PMCID: PMC6638479 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of green mould rot, is the most destructive post-harvest pathogen of citrus fruit in Mediterranean regions. In order to identify P. digitatum genes up-regulated during the infection of oranges that may constitute putative virulence factors, we followed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA macroarray hybridization approach. The origin of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was determined by comparison against the available genome sequences of both organisms. Genes coding for fungal proteases and plant cell wall-degrading enzymes represent the largest categories in the subtracted cDNA library. Northern blot analysis of a selection of P. digitatum genes, including those coding for proteases, cell wall-related enzymes, redox homoeostasis and detoxification processes, confirmed their up-regulation at varying time points during the infection process. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was used to generate knockout mutants for two genes encoding a pectin lyase (Pnl1) and a naphthalene dioxygenase (Ndo1). Two independent P. digitatum Δndo1 mutants were as virulent as the wild-type. However, the two Δpnl1 mutants analysed were less virulent than the parental strain or an ectopic transformant. Together, these results provide a significant advance in our understanding of the putative determinants of the virulence mechanisms of P. digitatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario López-Pérez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
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Gandía M, Harries E, Marcos JF. The myosin motor domain-containing chitin synthase PdChsVII is required for development, cell wall integrity and virulence in the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 67:58-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vilanova L, Viñas I, Torres R, Usall J, Buron-Moles G, Teixidó N. Acidification of apple and orange hosts by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 178:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Rodríguez A, Shimada T, Cervera M, Alquézar B, Gadea J, Gómez-Cadenas A, De Ollas CJ, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarías L, Peña L. Terpene down-regulation triggers defense responses in transgenic orange leading to resistance against fungal pathogens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:321-39. [PMID: 24192451 PMCID: PMC3875811 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.224279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoid volatiles are isoprene compounds that are emitted by plants to communicate with the environment. In addition to their function in repelling herbivores and attracting carnivorous predators in green tissues, the presumed primary function of terpenoid volatiles released from mature fruits is the attraction of seed-dispersing animals. Mature oranges (Citrus sinensis) primarily accumulate terpenes in peel oil glands, with d-limonene accounting for approximately 97% of the total volatile terpenes. In a previous report, we showed that down-regulation of a d-limonene synthase gene alters monoterpene levels in orange antisense (AS) fruits, leading to resistance against Penicillium digitatum infection. A global gene expression analysis of AS versus empty vector (EV) transgenic fruits revealed that the down-regulation of d-limonene up-regulated genes involved in the innate immune response. Basal levels of jasmonic acid were substantially higher in the EV compared with AS oranges. Upon fungal challenge, salicylic acid levels were triggered in EV samples, while jasmonic acid metabolism and signaling were drastically increased in AS orange peels. In nature, d-limonene levels increase in orange fruit once the seeds are fully viable. The inverse correlation between the increase in d-limonene content and the decrease in the defense response suggests that d-limonene promotes infection by microorganisms that are likely involved in facilitating access to the pulp for seed-dispersing frugivores.
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Frei M. Lignin: characterization of a multifaceted crop component. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:436517. [PMID: 24348159 PMCID: PMC3848262 DOI: 10.1155/2013/436517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a plant component with important implications for various agricultural disciplines. It confers rigidity to cell walls, and is therefore associated with tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and the mechanical stability of plants. In animal nutrition, lignin is considered an antinutritive component of forages as it cannot be readily fermented by rumen microbes. In terms of energy yield from biomass, the role of lignin depends on the conversion process. It contains more gross energy than other cell wall components and therefore confers enhanced heat value in thermochemical processes such as direct combustion. Conversely, it negatively affects biological energy conversion processes such as bioethanol or biogas production, as it inhibits microbial fermentation of the cell wall. Lignin from crop residues plays an important role in the soil organic carbon cycling, as it constitutes a recalcitrant carbon pool affecting nutrient mineralization and carbon sequestration. Due to the significance of lignin in several agricultural disciplines, the modification of lignin content and composition by breeding is becoming increasingly important. Both mapping of quantitative trait loci and transgenic approaches have been adopted to modify lignin in crops. However, breeding goals must be defined considering the conflicting role of lignin in different agricultural disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frei
- Division of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Vicente AR, Manganaris GA, Minas IS, Goulas V, Lafuente MT. Cell wall modifications and ethylene-induced tolerance to non-chilling peel pitting in citrus fruit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 210:46-52. [PMID: 23849112 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-chilling peel pitting (NCPP), a storage disorder resulting in the formation of depressed areas in the peel of many citrus cultivars, is reduced by ethylene treatments. We hypothesized that this effect may be associated with biochemical changes of cell wall components. Therefore, we extracted cell wall material from albedo and flavedo tissues of 'Navelate' oranges stored in air, conditioned with ethylene (2μLL(-1)) for 4 days and subsequently transferred to air, or continuously stored in an ethylene-enriched atmosphere (2μLL(-1)). Uronic acids and neutral sugars were extracted into five fractions enriched in specific wall polymers namely water-, CDTA-, Na2CO3-, and 1 and 4M KOH-soluble fractions. Pectin insolubilization was found in control fruit at long storage times. Ethylene treatments, alleviating NCPP, increased polyuronide solubility in the albedo and had a slight effect on the flavedo. Ethylene-treated fruit showed greater content of water-soluble neutral sugars and a larger proportion of hemicelluloses readily extractable with 1M KOH, with a concomitant reduction in the 4M KOH-soluble fraction. This suggests that the protective role of ethylene on NCPP is associated with an increased solubilization of the wall of albedo cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel R Vicente
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET-UNLP, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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Marcet-Houben M, Ballester AR, de la Fuente B, Harries E, Marcos JF, González-Candelas L, Gabaldón T. Genome sequence of the necrotrophic fungus Penicillium digitatum, the main postharvest pathogen of citrus. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:646. [PMID: 23171342 PMCID: PMC3532085 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penicillium digitatum is a fungal necrotroph causing a common citrus postharvest disease known as green mold. In order to gain insight into the genetic bases of its virulence mechanisms and its high degree of host-specificity, the genomes of two P. digitatum strains that differ in their antifungal resistance traits have been sequenced and compared with those of 28 other Pezizomycotina. RESULTS The two sequenced genomes are highly similar, but important differences between them include the presence of a unique gene cluster in the resistant strain, and mutations previously shown to confer fungicide resistance. The two strains, which were isolated in Spain, and another isolated in China have identical mitochondrial genome sequences suggesting a recent worldwide expansion of the species. Comparison with the closely-related but non-phytopathogenic P. chrysogenum reveals a much smaller gene content in P. digitatum, consistent with a more specialized lifestyle. We show that large regions of the P. chrysogenum genome, including entire supercontigs, are absent from P. digitatum, and that this is the result of large gene family expansions rather than acquisition through horizontal gene transfer. Our analysis of the P. digitatum genome is indicative of heterothallic sexual reproduction and reveals the molecular basis for the inability of this species to assimilate nitrate or produce the metabolites patulin and penicillin. Finally, we identify the predicted secretome, which provides a first approximation to the protein repertoire used during invasive growth. CONCLUSIONS The complete genome of P. digitatum, the first of a phytopathogenic Penicillium species, is a valuable tool for understanding the virulence mechanisms and host-specificity of this economically important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Marcet-Houben
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Ana-Rosa Ballester
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Beatriz de la Fuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Eleonora Harries
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Jose F Marcos
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Luis González-Candelas
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
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Ballester AR, Teresa Lafuente M, González-Candelas L. Citrus phenylpropanoids and defence against pathogens. Part II: gene expression and metabolite accumulation in the response of fruits to Penicillium digitatum infection. Food Chem 2012; 136:285-91. [PMID: 23017425 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of infection of Citrus sinensis (var. Navelina) fruits with Penicillium digitatum was studied at gene expression and metabolite levels. In this study, expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway was studied in the flavedo (outer coloured part of the peel) and albedo (inner white part) in response to pathogen infection. Results of the time-course experiment showed that maximal expression of 10 out of 17 phenylpropanoid genes analysed occurred at 48h post-inoculation, when decay symptoms started to appear, and mRNA levels either kept constant or decreased after 72h post-inoculation. To further investigate the putative involvement of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the defence of citrus fruit, changes in the metabolic profile of both tissues infected with P. digitatum was studied by means of HPLC-PDA-FD. Metabolite accumulation levels along the time course suggest that flavanones, flavones, polymethoxylated flavones and scoparone are induced in citrus fruit in response to P. digitatum infection, although with different trends depending on the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Rosa Ballester
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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Citrus phenylpropanoids and defence against pathogens. Part I: metabolic profiling in elicited fruits. Food Chem 2012; 136:178-85. [PMID: 23017410 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium spp. are among the major postharvest pathogens of citrus fruit. Induction of natural resistance in fruits constitutes one of the alternatives to chemical fungicides. Here, we investigated the involvement of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the induction of resistance in Navelate oranges by examining changes in the metabolic profile of upon eliciting citrus fruits. By using both HPLC-PDA-FD and HPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS allowed the identification of several compounds that seem to be relevant for induced resistance. In elicited fruits, a greater diversity of phenolic compounds was observed in the flavedo (outer coloured part of the peel) when compared to the albedo (inner white part). Moreover, only small changes were detected in the most abundant citrus flavonoids. The coumarin scoparone was among the compounds with the highest induction upon elicitation. Two other highly induced compounds were identified as citrusnin A and drupanin aldehyde. All three compounds are known to exert antimicrobial activity. Our results suggest that phenylpropanoids and their derivatives play an important role in the induction of resistance in citrus fruit.
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Voo SS, Grimes HD, Lange BM. Assessing the biosynthetic capabilities of secretory glands in Citrus peel. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:81-94. [PMID: 22452856 PMCID: PMC3375987 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.194233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells (ECs) lining the secretory cavities of Citrus peel have been hypothesized to be responsible for the synthesis of essential oil, but direct evidence for such a role is currently sparse. We used laser-capture microdissection and pressure catapulting to isolate ECs and parenchyma cells (as controls not synthesizing oil) from the peel of young grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi 'Duncan'), isolated RNA, and evaluated transcript patterns based on oligonucleotide microarrays. A Gene Ontology analysis of these data sets indicated an enrichment of genes involved in the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids and nonvolatile phenylpropanoids in ECs (when compared with parenchyma cells), thus indicating a significant metabolic specialization in this cell type. The gene expression patterns in ECs were consistent with the accumulation of the major essential oil constituents (monoterpenes, prenylated coumarins, and polymethoxylated flavonoids). Morphometric analyses demonstrated that secretory cavities are formed early during fruit development, whereas the expansion of cavities, and thus oil accumulation, correlates with later stages of fruit expansion. Our studies have laid the methodological and experimental groundwork for a vastly improved knowledge of the as yet poorly understood processes controlling essential oil biosynthesis in Citrus peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siau Sie Voo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry (S.S.V., B.M.L.), M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory (B.M.L.), and School of Molecular Biosciences (H.D.G.), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–6340
| | - Howard D. Grimes
- Institute of Biological Chemistry (S.S.V., B.M.L.), M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory (B.M.L.), and School of Molecular Biosciences (H.D.G.), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–6340
| | - B. Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry (S.S.V., B.M.L.), M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory (B.M.L.), and School of Molecular Biosciences (H.D.G.), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–6340
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Romero P, Rodrigo MJ, Alférez F, Ballester AR, González-Candelas L, Zacarías L, Lafuente MT. Unravelling molecular responses to moderate dehydration in harvested fruit of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) using a fruit-specific ABA-deficient mutant. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:2753-67. [PMID: 22315241 PMCID: PMC3346234 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Water stress affects many agronomic traits that may be regulated by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Within these traits, loss of fruit quality becomes important in many citrus cultivars that develop peel damage in response to dehydration. To study peel dehydration transcriptional responsiveness in harvested citrus fruit and the putative role of ABA in this process, this study performed a comparative large-scale transcriptional analysis of water-stressed fruits of the wild-type Navelate orange (Citrus sinesis L. Osbeck) and its spontaneous ABA-deficient mutant Pinalate, which is more prone to dehydration and to developing peel damage. Major changes in gene expression occurring in the wild-type line were impaired in the mutant fruit. Gene ontology analysis revealed the ability of Navelate fruits to induce the response to water deprivation and di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport biological processes, as well as repression of the carbohydrate biosynthesis process in the mutant. Exogenous ABA triggered relevant transcriptional changes and repressed the protein ubiquitination process, although it could not fully rescue the physiological behaviour of the mutant. Overall, the results indicated that dehydration responsiveness requires ABA-dependent and -independent signals, and highlight that the ability of citrus fruits to trigger molecular responses against dehydration is an important factor in reducing their susceptibility to developing peel damage.
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