1
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Assadsangabi A, Evans CA, Corfe BM, Lobo AJ. Exploring Predictive Biomarkers of Relapse in Ulcerative Colitis: A Proteomics Approach. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:808-819. [PMID: 37889841 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Risk stratification of subjects with a history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) into those likely to relapse and those who will remain quiescent continues to be a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate whether certain proteomic signature profiles or biomarkers during remission are associated with future disease relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Endoscopic rectal samples from patients with UC in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission at index endoscopy were collected, as well as samplers from normal control individuals. The patients were stratified to early relapsers (ERs) if they developed clinical signs of UC flare within 6 months of index endoscopy or nonrelapsers (NRs) if there was no relapse after 36 months of follow-up. The pooled rectal samples from ERs, NRs, and control individuals were subjected to nano-liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry as per standard iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) workflow methodology. Selected proteomics-yielded candidates were subjected to orthogonal validation via immunoblotting, in a biomarker discovery exercise. RESULTS Sixty-one patients were included, of whom 8 had clinical relapse within 6 months from the index endoscopy, and 43 patients had no clinical symptoms of relapse within the 36-month follow-up period. Ten patients who had clinical signs of relapse between 6 and 36 months were excluded. Seventeen control individuals were also included. Soluble proteomics analyses between ERs, NRs, and control individuals revealed a series of upregulated and downregulated proteins. Following orthogonal validation, upregulated TRX (P = .001) and IGHA1 (P = .001) were observed in ERs relative to NRs. CONCLUSIONS Several novel candidate tissue biomarkers have been identified in this study, which could discriminate patients with UC at risk of early relapse from those in long-term sustained remission. Our findings may pave the way for pre-emptive UC disease monitoring and therapeutic decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Assadsangabi
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Gastroenterology Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Gastroenterology Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A Evans
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Biological and Systems Engineering Group, ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard M Corfe
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Lobo
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Gastroenterology Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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2
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Lu Y, Jin Z, Hou J, Wu X, Yu Z, Yao L, Pan T, Chang X, Yu B, Li J, Li C, Yan M, Yan C, Zhu Z, Liu B, Su L. Calponin 1 increases cancer-associated fibroblasts-mediated matrix stiffness to promote chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Matrix Biol 2023; 115:1-15. [PMID: 36423735 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical microenvironment regulated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) influence tumor progression. Chemotherapeutic interventions including 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) are commonly used for primary treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC), and the development of acquired resistance to 5-Fu limits the clinical efficacy of these chemotherapies. However, if and how the interplay between CAFs and the mechanical microenvironment regulates GC response to 5-Fu is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that high-level expression of calponin 1(CNN1) in gastric CAFs predicts poor clinical outcomes of GC patients, especially for those treated with 5-Fu. CNN1 knockdown in CAFs improves the effectiveness of 5-Fu in reducing tumor growth in a mouse GC model and confers increased sensitivity to 5-Fu in a 3D culture system. Furthermore, CNN1 knockdown impairs CAF contraction and reduces matrix stiffness without affecting the expression of matrix proteins. Mechanistically, CNN1 interacts with PDZ and LIM Domain 7 (PDLIM7) and prevents its degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-1, which leads to activation of the ROCK1/MLC pathway. The increased matrix stiffness, in turn, contributes to 5-Fu resistance in GC cells by activating YAP. Taken together, our data reveal a critical role of the mechanical microenvironment in 5-Fu resistance, which is modulated by CNN1hi CAFs-mediated matrix stiffening, indicating that targeting CAFs may provide a novel option for overcoming drug resistance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhijian Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junyi Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiongyan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhenjia Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lizhong Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinyu Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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3
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Blitek A, Luba M, Szymanska M. Prostacyclin Synthesis and Prostacyclin Receptor Expression in the Porcine Myometrium: Prostacyclin Potential to Regulate Fatty Acid Transporters, Cytokines and Contractility-Related Factors. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172237. [PMID: 36077955 PMCID: PMC9454576 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2; PGI2) is an important modulator of vascular functions and is involved in various reproductive processes. PGI2 was also described as a modulator of uterine contractility in several species, including the pig. However, its synthesis and role in the myometrium of the porcine uterus are still not fully described. The objective of this study was to evaluate profiles of PGI2 synthesis and PGI2 receptor expression in the myometrium of gilts throughout the estrous cycle and during early pregnancy and to investigate the in vitro effect of PGI2 on the mRNA expression of factors engaged in smooth muscle contraction, nutrient transport, prostaglandin synthesis and action, and inflammatory response. The obtained results showed that the synthesis of PGI2 changes in the myometrium of pigs during both the estrous cycle and early pregnancy, resulting in much greater concentrations of PGI2 in cyclic than in pregnant gilts. Moreover, PGI2 stimulated the expression of fatty acid transporters and contractility-related calponin 1 and caldesmon 1, whereas it decreased cytokine expression. This study indicates that PGI2 may participate in the regulation of myometrial functions modulating the availability of factors involved in smooth muscle activity and inflammatory reaction in the uterus of pigs. Abstract Although prostacyclin (PGI2) has been well described as a regulator of smooth muscle activity, limited data are available concerning its role in the myometrium of pigs. The present research aimed to examine profiles of PGI2 synthase (PTGIS) and PGI2 receptor (PTGIR) expression and 6-keto PGF1α (a PGI2 metabolite) concentrations in the myometrium of gilts throughout the estrous cycle and during early pregnancy using qPCR, Western blot, and/or ELISA methods. Furthermore, myometrial explants were exposed to iloprost (a stable PGI2 analog) to investigate the effect of PGI2 on the mRNA expression of factors engaged in smooth muscle contraction, nutrient transport, prostaglandin synthesis and action, and inflammatory response. PTGIS mRNA expression was greater in cyclic than in pregnant gilts on days 11–12 after estrus and was accompanied by greater concentrations of 6-keto PGF1α detected in cyclic than in pregnant animals on days 11–20. Iloprost stimulated fatty acid transporters and contractility-related calponin 1 and caldesmon 1 mRNA expression and decreased interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor transcript abundance. The obtained results indicate a physiologically relevant role of PGI2 during the estrous cycle in the porcine myometrium with its importance for regulating the expression of contractility-, nutrient transport- and inflammatory response-related factors.
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Ebner JN, Wyss MK, Ritz D, von Fumetti S. Effects of thermal acclimation on the proteome of the planarian Crenobia alpina from an alpine freshwater spring. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276068. [PMID: 35875852 PMCID: PMC9440759 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Species' acclimation capacity and their ability to maintain molecular homeostasis outside ideal temperature ranges will partly predict their success following climate change-induced thermal regime shifts. Theory predicts that ectothermic organisms from thermally stable environments have muted plasticity, and that these species may be particularly vulnerable to temperature increases. Whether such species retained or lost acclimation capacity remains largely unknown. We studied proteome changes in the planarian Crenobia alpina, a prominent member of cold-stable alpine habitats that is considered to be a cold-adapted stenotherm. We found that the species' critical thermal maximum (CTmax) is above its experienced habitat temperatures and that different populations exhibit differential CTmax acclimation capacity, whereby an alpine population showed reduced plasticity. In a separate experiment, we acclimated C. alpina individuals from the alpine population to 8, 11, 14 or 17°C over the course of 168 h and compared their comprehensively annotated proteomes. Network analyses of 3399 proteins and protein set enrichment showed that while the species' proteome is overall stable across these temperatures, protein sets functioning in oxidative stress response, mitochondria, protein synthesis and turnover are lower in abundance following warm acclimation. Proteins associated with an unfolded protein response, ciliogenesis, tissue damage repair, development and the innate immune system were higher in abundance following warm acclimation. Our findings suggest that this species has not suffered DNA decay (e.g. loss of heat-shock proteins) during evolution in a cold-stable environment and has retained plasticity in response to elevated temperatures, challenging the notion that stable environments necessarily result in muted plasticity. Summary: The proteome of an alpine Crenobia alpina population shows plasticity in response to acclimation to warmer temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Niklas Ebner
- 1 Spring Ecology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Kathrin Wyss
- 1 Spring Ecology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danilo Ritz
- 2 Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie von Fumetti
- 1 Spring Ecology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Rackow AR, Judge JL, Woeller CF, Sime PJ, Kottmann RM. miR-338-3p blocks TGFβ-induced myofibroblast differentiation through the induction of PTEN. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L385-L400. [PMID: 34986654 PMCID: PMC8884407 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00251.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease. The pathogenesis of IPF is not completely understood. However, numerous genes are associated with the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis, indicating there is a significant genetic component to the pathogenesis of IPF. Epigenetic influences on the development of human disease, including pulmonary fibrosis, remain to be fully elucidated. In this paper, we identify miR-338-3p as a microRNA severely downregulated in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis and in experimental models of pulmonary fibrosis. Treatment of primary human lung fibroblasts with miR-338-3p inhibits myofibroblast differentiation and matrix protein production. Published and proposed targets of miR-338-3p such as TGFβ receptor 1, MEK/ERK 1/2, Cdk4, and Cyclin D are also not responsible for the regulation of pulmonary fibroblast behavior by miR-338-3p. miR-338-3p inhibits myofibroblast differentiation by preventing TGFβ-mediated downregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a known antifibrotic mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Rackow
- 1Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York,2Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Collynn F. Woeller
- 2Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York,4Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- 5Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Robert M. Kottmann
- 1Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York,2Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York,6Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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6
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Takeya K, Kathol I, Sutherland C, Wang X, Loutzenhiser R, Walsh MP. Expression of troponin subunits in the rat renal afferent arteriole. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1475-1481. [PMID: 31046198 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells of the renal afferent arteriole are unusual in that they must be able to contract very rapidly in response to a sudden increase in systemic blood pressure in order to protect the downstream glomerular capillaries from catastrophic damage. We showed that this could be accounted for, in part, by exclusive expression, at the protein level, of the "fast" (B) isoforms of smooth muscle myosin II heavy chains in the afferent arteriole, in contrast to other vascular smooth muscle cells such as the rat aorta and efferent arteriole which express exclusively the "slow" (A) isoforms (Shiraishi et al. (2003) FASEB. J. 17, 2284-2286). As contraction of the more rapidly contracting striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscles is regulated by the thin filament-associated troponin (Tn) system, we hypothesized that Tn or a Tn-like system may exist in afferent arteriolar cells and contribute to the unusually rapid contraction of this tissue in response to increased intraluminal pressure. We examined the expression of TnC (Ca2+ -binding subunit), TnI (inhibitory subunit), and TnT (tropomyosin-binding subunit) in vascular smooth muscle cells of the rat renal afferent arteriole at the mRNA level. Fast-twitch skeletal muscle and slow-twitch skeletal muscle/cardiac TnC isoforms and slow-twitch skeletal muscle and cardiac TnI isoforms were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and confirmed by cDNA sequencing. Furthermore, cardiac and slow-twitch skeletal muscle TnI isoforms, but not fast-twitch skeletal muscle TnI, were detected in isolated afferent arterioles at the protein level by proximity ligation assay. Finally, striated muscle myosin II heavy chain expression was identified in isolated rat afferent arterioles by RT-PCR. We conclude that, in addition to Ca2+ -mediated phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chains, contraction of the afferent arteriole may be regulated by a mechanism normally associated with the much more rapidly contracting cardiac and skeletal muscles, which involves Ca2+ binding to TnC, leading to alleviation of inhibition of the actomyosin MgATPase by TnI and tropomyosin and rapid contraction of the vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takeya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Iris Kathol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rodger Loutzenhiser
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Feng HZ, Wang H, Takahashi K, Jin JP. Double deletion of calponin 1 and calponin 2 in mice decreases systemic blood pressure with blunted length-tension response of aortic smooth muscle. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:49-57. [PMID: 30707993 PMCID: PMC6486848 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calponin is a family of actin filament-associated regulatory proteins. Among its three isoforms, calponin 1 is smooth muscle specific and calponin 2 is expressed in smooth muscle and certain non-muscle cells. Previous studies showed that calponin 1 knockout mice had detectable changes in the contractility of urogenital smooth muscle whereas other smooth muscles were less affected. To investigate the possibility that calponins 1 and 2 have overlapping functions in smooth muscle, we examined the effect of double knockout of calponin 1 and calponin 2 genes (Cnn1 and Cnn2) on smooth muscle functions. The results showed for the first time that calponin 1 and calponin 2 double knockout in mice does not cause lethality. The double knockout mice showed decreased systemic blood pressure, decreased force development and blunted length tension response in endothelial-removed aortic rings. A compensatory increase of calponin 1 was found in smooth muscle of Cnn2-/- mice but not vice versa. Cnn1-/- and Cnn2-/- double knockout aortic smooth muscle exhibits faster relaxation than that of wild type control. Double deletion or co-suppression of calponin 1 and calponin 2 in vascular smooth muscle to blunt myogenic response may present a novel approach to develop new treatment for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhong Feng
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Katsuhito Takahashi
- Department of Genomics Oncology, Sarcoma Center, International Unniversity of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo 108-8329, Japan
| | - J-P Jin
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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8
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Angell C, Kai M, Xie S, Dong X, Chen Y. Bioderived DNA Nanomachines for Potential Uses in Biosensing, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701189. [PMID: 29350489 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Beside its genomic properties, DNA is also recognized as a novel material in the field of nanoengineering. The specific bonding of base pairs can be used to direct the assembly of highly structured materials with specific nanoscale features such as periodic 2D arrays, 3D nanostructures, assembly of nanomaterials, and DNA nanomachines. In recent years, a variety of DNA nanomachines are developed because of their many potential applications in biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications. In this review, the fuel-powered motors and secondary structure motors, whose working mechanisms are inspired or derived from natural phenomena and nanomachines, are discussed. The combination of DNA motors with other platforms is then discussed. In each section of these motors, their mechanisms and their usage in the biomedical field are described. Finally, it is believed that these DNA-based nanomachines and hybrid motifs will become an integral point-of-care diagnostics and smart, site-specific therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chava Angell
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Mingxuan Kai
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Sibai Xie
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Xiangyi Dong
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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9
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Belcastro E, Wu W, Fries-Raeth I, Corti A, Pompella A, Leroy P, Lartaud I, Gaucher C. Oxidative stress enhances and modulates protein S -nitrosation in smooth muscle cells exposed to S -nitrosoglutathione. Nitric Oxide 2017; 69:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Barnes DE, Hwang H, Ono K, Lu H, Ono S. Molecular evolution of troponin I and a role of its N-terminal extension in nematode locomotion. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:117-30. [PMID: 26849746 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The troponin complex, composed of troponin T (TnT), troponin I (TnI), and troponin C (TnC), is the major calcium-dependent regulator of muscle contraction, which is present widely in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Little is known about evolutionary aspects of troponin in the animal kingdom. Using a combination of data mining and functional analysis of TnI, we report evidence that an N-terminal extension of TnI is present in most of bilaterian animals as a functionally important domain. Troponin components have been reported in species in most of representative bilaterian phyla. Comparison of TnI sequences shows that the core domains are conserved in all examined TnIs, and that N- and C-terminal extensions are variable among isoforms and species. In particular, N-terminal extensions are present in all protostome TnIs and chordate cardiac TnIs but lost in a subset of chordate TnIs including vertebrate skeletal-muscle isoforms. Transgenic rescue experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans striated muscle show that the N-terminal extension of TnI (UNC-27) is required for coordinated worm locomotion but not in sarcomere assembly and single muscle-contractility kinetics. These results suggest that N-terminal extensions of TnIs are retained from a TnI ancestor as a functional domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn E Barnes
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hyundoo Hwang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,School of Engineering and Sciences, Technológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Kanako Ono
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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11
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Hirata H, Ku WC, Yip AK, Ursekar CP, Kawauchi K, Roy A, Guo AK, Vedula SRK, Harada I, Chiam KH, Ishihama Y, Lim CT, Sawada Y, Sokabe M. MEKK1-dependent phosphorylation of calponin-3 tunes cell contractility. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3574-3582. [PMID: 27528401 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MEKK1 (also known as MAP3K1), which plays a major role in MAPK signaling, has been implicated in mechanical processes in cells, such as migration. Here, we identify the actin-binding protein calponin-3 as a new MEKK1 substrate in the signaling that regulates actomyosin-based cellular contractility. MEKK1 colocalizes with calponin-3 at the actin cytoskeleton and phosphorylates it, leading to an increase in the cell-generated traction stress. MEKK1-mediated calponin-3 phosphorylation is attenuated by the inhibition of myosin II activity, the disruption of actin cytoskeletal integrity and adhesion to soft extracellular substrates, whereas it is enhanced upon cell stretching. Our results reveal the importance of the MEKK1-calponin-3 signaling pathway to cell contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hirata
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Wei-Chi Ku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ai Kia Yip
- A*STAR Bioinformatics Institute, 138671 Singapore
| | | | - Keiko Kawauchi
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Amrita Roy
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Alvin Kunyao Guo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | | | - Ichiro Harada
- Locomotive Syndrome Research Institute, Nadogaya Hospital, Kashiwa 277-0032, Japan Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Keng-Hwee Chiam
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore A*STAR Bioinformatics Institute, 138671 Singapore
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore
| | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore Locomotive Syndrome Research Institute, Nadogaya Hospital, Kashiwa 277-0032, Japan Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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12
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Brozovich FV, Nicholson CJ, Degen CV, Gao YZ, Aggarwal M, Morgan KG. Mechanisms of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and the Basis for Pharmacologic Treatment of Smooth Muscle Disorders. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:476-532. [PMID: 27037223 PMCID: PMC4819215 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The smooth muscle cell directly drives the contraction of the vascular wall and hence regulates the size of the blood vessel lumen. We review here the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which agonists, therapeutics, and diseases regulate contractility of the vascular smooth muscle cell and we place this within the context of whole body function. We also discuss the implications for personalized medicine and highlight specific potential target molecules that may provide opportunities for the future development of new therapeutics to regulate vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Brozovich
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C J Nicholson
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C V Degen
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - Yuan Z Gao
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - M Aggarwal
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - K G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
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13
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Comparative Microarray Analysis of Proliferating and Differentiating Murine ENS Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:9695827. [PMID: 26697082 PMCID: PMC4677255 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9695827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal neural progenitor cells of the enteric nervous system are a potential source for future cell replacement therapies of developmental dysplasia like Hirschsprung's disease. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving the homeostasis and differentiation of this cell pool. In this work, we conducted Affymetrix GeneChip experiments to identify differences in gene regulation between proliferation and early differentiation of enteric neural progenitors from neonatal mice. We detected a total of 1333 regulated genes that were linked to different groups of cellular mechanisms involved in cell cycle, apoptosis, neural proliferation, and differentiation. As expected, we found an augmented inhibition in the gene expression of cell cycle progression as well as an enhanced mRNA expression of neuronal and glial differentiation markers. We further found a marked inactivation of the canonical Wnt pathway after the induction of cellular differentiation. Taken together, these data demonstrate the various molecular mechanisms taking place during the proliferation and early differentiation of enteric neural progenitor cells.
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14
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Young PA, Leonard S, Martin DSD, Findlay JBC. Analysis of the effect of a novel therapeutic for type 2 diabetes on the proteome of a muscle cell line. Proteomics 2015; 16:70-9. [PMID: 26573124 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Elevated serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentration has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Two series of small molecules have been designed to lower serum levels by reducing secretion of the transthyretin-RBP complex from the liver and enhancing RBP clearance through the kidney. These small molecules were seen to improve glucose and insulin tolerance tests and to reduce body weight gain in mice rendered diabetic through a high fat diet. A proteomics study was conducted to better understand the effects of these compounds in muscle cells, muscle being the primary site for energy expenditure. One lead compound, RTC-15, is seen to have a significant effect on proteins involved in fat and glucose metabolism. This could indicate that the compound is having a direct effect on muscle tissue to improve energy homeostasis as well as a whole body effect on circulating RBP levels. This newly characterized group of antidiabetic compounds may prove useful in the treatment and prevention of insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Young
- Marie Curie Laboratory for Membrane Proteins, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Leonard
- Marie Curie Laboratory for Membrane Proteins, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Darren S D Martin
- Marie Curie Laboratory for Membrane Proteins, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - John B C Findlay
- Marie Curie Laboratory for Membrane Proteins, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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15
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Flemming A, Huang QQ, Jin JP, Jumaa H, Herzog S. A Conditional Knockout Mouse Model Reveals That Calponin-3 Is Dispensable for Early B Cell Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128385. [PMID: 26046660 PMCID: PMC4457629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calponins form an evolutionary highly conserved family of actin filament-associated proteins expressed in both smooth muscle and non-muscle cells. Whereas calponin-1 and calponin-2 have already been studied to some extent, little is known about the role of calponin-3 under physiological conditions due to the lack of an appropriate animal model. Here, we have used an unbiased screen to identify novel proteins implicated in signal transduction downstream of the precursor B cell receptor (pre-BCR) in B cells. We find that calponin-3 is expressed throughout early B cell development, localizes to the plasma membrane and is phosphorylated in a Syk-dependent manner, suggesting a putative role in pre-BCR signaling. To investigate this in vivo, we generated a floxed calponin-3-GFP knock-in mouse model that enables tracking of cells expressing calponin-3 from its endogenous promoter and allows its tissue-specific deletion. Using the knock-in allele as a reporter, we show that calponin-3 expression is initiated in early B cells and increases with their maturation, peaking in the periphery. Surprisingly, conditional deletion of the Cnn3 revealed no gross defects in B cell development despite this regulated expression pattern and the in vitro evidence, raising the question whether other components may compensate for its loss in lymphocytes. Together, our work identifies calponin-3 as a putative novel mediator downstream of the pre-BCR. Beyond B cells, the mouse model we generated will help to increase our understanding of calponin-3 in muscle and non-muscle cells under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Flemming
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Max-Planck-Institut of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Biology III, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qi-Quan Huang
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jian-Ping Jin
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Max-Planck-Institut of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Biology III, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Herzog
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Max-Planck-Institut of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Biology III, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Ono K, Obinata T, Yamashiro S, Liu Z, Ono S. UNC-87 isoforms, Caenorhabditis elegans calponin-related proteins, interact with both actin and myosin and regulate actomyosin contractility. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1687-98. [PMID: 25717181 PMCID: PMC4436780 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-10-1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two UNC-87 isoforms with seven calponin-like repeats are expressed widely in muscle and nonmuscle cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. They bind to actin and myosin and inhibit actomyosin motility in vitro. unc-87 mutation enhances contraction of nonstriated muscle in vivo, suggesting that UNC-87 isoforms are negative regulators of actomyosin contractility. Calponin-related proteins are widely distributed among eukaryotes and involved in signaling and cytoskeletal regulation. Calponin-like (CLIK) repeat is an actin-binding motif found in the C-termini of vertebrate calponins. Although CLIK repeats stabilize actin filaments, other functions of these actin-binding motifs are unknown. The Caenorhabditis elegans unc-87 gene encodes actin-binding proteins with seven CLIK repeats. UNC-87 stabilizes actin filaments and is essential for maintenance of sarcomeric actin filaments in striated muscle. Here we show that two UNC-87 isoforms, UNC-87A and UNC-87B, are expressed in muscle and nonmuscle cells in a tissue-specific manner by two independent promoters and exhibit quantitatively different effects on both actin and myosin. Both UNC-87A and UNC-87B have seven CLIK repeats, but UNC-87A has an extra N-terminal extension of ∼190 amino acids. Both UNC-87 isoforms bind to actin filaments and myosin to induce ATP-resistant actomyosin bundles and inhibit actomyosin motility. UNC-87A with an N-terminal extension binds to actin and myosin more strongly than UNC-87B. UNC-87B is associated with actin filaments in nonstriated muscle in the somatic gonad, and an unc-87 mutation causes its excessive contraction, which is dependent on myosin. These results strongly suggest that proteins with CLIK repeats function as a negative regulator of actomyosin contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ono
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Takashi Obinata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Sawako Yamashiro
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Zhongmei Liu
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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17
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Ji Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Ji J. Functional study of miR-27a in human hepatic stellate cells by proteomic analysis: comprehensive view and a role in myogenic tans-differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108351. [PMID: 25265485 PMCID: PMC4180938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previous reported that miR-27a regulates lipid metabolism and cell proliferation during hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. To further explore the biological function and underlying mechanisms of miR-27a in HSCs, global protein expression affected by overexpression of miR-27a in HSCs was analyzed by a cleavable isotope-coded affinity tags (cICAT) based comparative proteomic approach. In the present study, 1267 non-redundant proteins were identified with unique accession numbers (score ≥1.3, i.e. confidence ≥95%), among which 1171 were quantified and 149 proteins (12.72%) were differentially expressed with a differential expression ratio of 1.5. We found that up-regulated proteins by miR-27a mainly participate in cell proliferation and myogenesis, while down-regulated proteins were the key enzymes involved in de novo lipid synthesis. The expression of a group of six miR-27a regulated proteins was validated and the function of one miR-27a regulated protein was further validated. The results not only delineated the underlying mechanism of miR-27a in modulating fat metabolism and cell proliferation, but also revealed a novel role of miR-27a in promoting myogenic tans-differentiation during HSCs activation. This study also exemplified proteomics strategy as a powerful tool for the functional study of miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nanton, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Juling Ji
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Moazzem Hossain M, Wang X, Bergan RC, Jin JP. Diminished expression of h2-calponin in prostate cancer cells promotes cell proliferation, migration and the dependence of cell adhesion on substrate stiffness. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:627-36. [PMID: 25161871 PMCID: PMC4141211 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calponin is an actin filament-associated protein and its h2 isoform inhibits cell motility. H2-calponin expression is strong in prostate epithelial cells and diminished in cancerous cells. Low h2-calponin metastatic prostate cancer cells had faster rates of cell proliferation and migration. Low h2-calponin metastatic prostate cancer cells showed reduced substrate adhesion. Low h2-calponin prostate cancer cells had a higher dependence on substrate stiffness.
Calponin is an actin filament-associated protein and its h2 isoform inhibits cell motility. Here we report significant expression of h2-calponin in prostate epithelial cells, which is diminished in cancerous cells. Comparison between a prostate cancer cell line PC3 and its metastatic derivative PC3-M showed lower levels of h2-calponin in PC3-M, corresponding to faster rates of cell proliferation and migration. Substrate adhesion of PC3 and PC3-M cells was positively correlated to the level of h2-calponin and the adhesion of PC3-M exhibited a higher dependence on substrate stiffness. Such effects of h2-calponin on cell proliferation, migration and substrate adhesion were also seen in normal versus cancerous primary prostate cells. Further supporting the role of h2-calponin in inhibiting cell motility, fibroblasts isolated from h2-calponin knockout mice proliferated and migrated faster than that of wild type fibroblasts. Transfective over-expression of h2-calponin in PC3-M cells effectively inhibited cell proliferation and migration. The results suggest that the diminished expression of h2-calponin in prostate cancer cells increases cell motility, decreases substrate adhesion, and promotes adhesion on high stiffness substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Moazzem Hossain
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Raymond C. Bergan
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J.-P. Jin
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. Tel.: +1 (313) 577 1520; fax: +1 (313) 577 5494.
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19
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Lu D, Zhang L, Bao D, Lu Y, Zhang X, Liu N, Ge W, Gao X, Li H, Zhang L. Calponin1 inhibits dilated cardiomyopathy development in mice through the εPKC pathway. Int J Cardiol 2014; 173:146-53. [PMID: 24631115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calponin1 (CNN1) is involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction in physiological situation and it also expresses abnormally in a variety of pathological situations. We found that the expression of CNN1 decreased significantly in the heart tissue of a cTnT(R141W) transgenic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) mouse model and an adriamycin (ADR)-induced DCM mouse model, suggesting that CNN1 is involved in the pathogenesis of DCM. However, the role of CNN1 on cardiac function, especially on pathogenesis of DCM, has not been clarified. In this study, we tested whether rescued expression of CNN1 could prevent the development of DCM and investigated its possible mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS The DCM phenotypes were significantly improved with the transgenic expression of CNN1 in the cTnT(R141W)×CNN1 double transgenic (DTG) mice, which was demonstrated by the survival, cardiac geometry and function analyses, as well as microstructural and ultrastructural observations based on echocardiography and histology examination. The expression of CNN1 could also resist the cardiac geometry breakage and dysfunction in the ADR-induced DCM mice model. Meanwhile, the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C (εPKC) activator and inhibitor could reverse the activation of εPKC/ERK/mTOR pathway and DCM phenotypes in the cTnT(R141W) and cTnT(R141W)×CNN1 double transgenic (DTG) mice. CONCLUSIONS εPKC/ERK/mTOR pathway activation induced by the rescued expression of CNN1 contributed to the improvement of cardiac dysfunction and pathological changes observed in the DTG mice. CNN1 could be a therapeutic target to prevent the development of DCM and heart failure (HF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Dan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Wenping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, China.
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20
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Jensen MH, Morris EJ, Gallant CM, Morgan KG, Weitz DA, Moore JR. Mechanism of calponin stabilization of cross-linked actin networks. Biophys J 2014; 106:793-800. [PMID: 24559982 PMCID: PMC3944828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin-binding protein calponin has been previously implicated in actin cytoskeletal regulation and is thought to act as an actin stabilizer, but the mechanism of its function is poorly understood. To investigate this underlying physical mechanism, we studied an in vitro model system of cross-linked actin using bulk rheology. Networks with basic calponin exhibited a delayed onset of strain stiffening (10.0% without calponin, 14.9% with calponin) and were able to withstand a higher maximal strain before failing (35% without calponin, 56% with calponin). Using fluorescence microscopy to study the mechanics of single actin filaments, we found that calponin increased the flexibility of actin filaments, evident as a decrease in persistence length from 17.6 μm without to 7.7 μm with calponin. Our data are consistent with current models of affine strain behavior in semiflexible polymer networks, and suggest that calponin stabilization of actin networks can be explained purely by changes in single-filament mechanics. We propose a model in which calponin stabilizes actin networks against shear through a reduction of persistence length of individual filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Herholdt Jensen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eliza J Morris
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Cynthia M Gallant
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Weitz
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey R Moore
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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21
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Ulrich C, Quilici DR, Schlauch KA, Buxton ILO. The human uterine smooth muscle S-nitrosoproteome fingerprint in pregnancy, labor, and preterm labor. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C803-16. [PMID: 23948706 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00198.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms involved in uterine quiescence during gestation and those responsible for induction of labor at term are incompletely known. More than 10% of babies born worldwide are premature and 1,000,000 die annually. Preterm labor results in preterm delivery in 50% of cases in the United States explaining 75% of fetal morbidity and mortality. There is no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment to prevent preterm delivery. Nitric oxide-mediated relaxation of human uterine smooth muscle is independent of global elevation of cGMP following activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. S-nitrosation is a likely mechanism to explain cGMP-independent relaxation to nitric oxide and may reveal S-nitrosated proteins as new therapeutic targets for the treatment of preterm labor. Employing S-nitrosoglutathione as an nitric oxide donor, we identified 110 proteins that are S-nitrosated in 1 or more states of human pregnancy. Using area under the curve of extracted ion chromatograms as well as normalized spectral counts to quantify relative expression levels for 62 of these proteins, we show that 26 proteins demonstrate statistically significant S-nitrosation differences in myometrium from spontaneously laboring preterm patients compared with nonlaboring patients. We identified proteins that were up-S-nitrosated as well as proteins that were down-S-nitrosated in preterm laboring tissues. Identification and relative quantification of the S-nitrosoproteome provide a fingerprint of proteins that can form the basis of hypothesis-directed efforts to understand the regulation of uterine contraction-relaxation and the development of new treatment for preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Ulrich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada; and
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22
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Demirci AY, Seckin H, Besalti O, Arikok AT, Yigitkanli T, Caliskan M, Yigitkanli K, Bavbek M. Study the effects of zonisamide on fine structure of rabbit basilar artery and hippocampus in rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013; 155:1531-7. [PMID: 23636337 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-013-1726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the effect of a novel antiepileptic drug, zonisamide (ZNS), on the basilar artery and hippocampus in a rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model. METHODS Three groups of New Zealand white rabbits were used: a sham (non-SAH) group, an SAH + saline group, and SAH + drug treatment group that received ZNS. In the treatment group, the subjects were given ZNS for 3 days after the SAH. Hippocampal sections were evaluated for neural tissue degeneration. Basilar artery lumen areas and arterial wall thickness were also measured in all groups. RESULTS The mean luminal area of the SAH + ZNS was significantly greater than the SAH + saline group. In addition, the arterial wall thickness of SAH + ZNS group was significantly thinner than the SAH + saline group. The neuronal degeneration scores of the hippocampal CA1 regions in the SAH + ZNS group were significantly lower than the SAH + saline treatment animals. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ZNS has a vasodilatatory effect on the basilar artery and a neuronal protective effect in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in a rabbit SAH model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Yalcin Demirci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Sirenko VV, Simonyan AH, Dobrzhanskaya AV, Shelud'ko NS, Borovikov YS. 40-kDa protein from thin filaments of the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus changes the conformation of F-actin during the ATPase cycle. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2013; 78:273-81. [PMID: 23586721 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polarized fluorimetry was used to study in ghost muscle fibers the influence of a 40-kDa protein from the thin filaments of the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus on conformational changes of F-actin modified by the fluorescent probes 1,5-IAEDANS and FITC-phalloidin during myosin subfragment (S1) binding in the absence of nucleotides and in the presence of MgADP or MgATP. The fluorescence probes were rigidly bound with actin, which made the absorption and emission dipoles of the probes sensitive to changes in the orientation and mobility of both actin monomer and its subdomain-1 in thin filaments of the muscle fiber. On modeling different intermediate states of actomyosin, the orientation and mobility of oscillators of the dyes were changed discretely, which suggests multistep changes in the actin conformation during the cycle of ATP hydrolysis. The 40-kDa protein influenced the orientation and mobility of the fluorescent probes markedly, suppressing changes in their orientation and mobility in the absence of nucleotides and in the presence of MgADP, but enhancing these changes in the presence of MgATP. The calponin-like 40-kDa protein is supposed to prevent formation of the strong binding state of actomyosin in the absence of nucleotides and in the presence of MgADP but to activate formation of this state in the presence of MgATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Sirenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Listijono DR, Pepper JR. Current imaging techniques and potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection. JRSM SHORT REPORTS 2012; 3:76. [PMID: 23323194 PMCID: PMC3545334 DOI: 10.1258/shorts.2012.012079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute dissection of the thoracic aorta (AAD) is a potentially catastrophic disease, with significant morbidity and mortality, which remain unchanged over the last decade. Survival rate has been shown to be directly related to prompt diagnosis and precise management; however diagnosis of the disease remains time-consuming, not readily available, and lacking in sensitivity and specificity. The current approach when diagnosing AAD relies heavily on various imaging techniques, including chest radiograph, echocardiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans. Nevertheless, the door remains open for the incorporation of biochemical tests to aid in detecting AAD. This article will review the imaging modalities currently employed in the management of AAD, as well as a discussion of the potential role of several biomarkers in AAD. To date, imaging is the diagnostic tool for AAD however, technical and logistical limitations limit the use of imaging in various circumstances. Current available biomarkers such as D-dimer and C-reactive protein are under-utilized in many cases, mainly due to their non-specificity in diagnosing AAD. Over the last decade, many biomarkers have been proposed for use in AAD, with several showing promising results – including: smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, calponin, soluble elastin fragments and transforming growth factor β. Extensive research is being undertaken to define the roles of these novel biomarkers in the management of AAD.
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Sirenko VV, Simonyan AH, Dobrzhanskaya AV, Shelud’ko NS, Borovikov YS. 40-kDa Actin-binding protein of thin filaments of the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus inhibits the strong bond formation between actin and myosin head during the ATPase cycle. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:889-95. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912080093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lauzon AM, Bates JHT, Donovan G, Tawhai M, Sneyd J, Sanderson MJ. A multi-scale approach to airway hyperresponsiveness: from molecule to organ. Front Physiol 2012; 3:191. [PMID: 22701430 PMCID: PMC3371674 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a characteristic of asthma that involves an excessive reduction in airway caliber, is a complex mechanism reflecting multiple processes that manifest over a large range of length and time scales. At one extreme, molecular interactions determine the force generated by airway smooth muscle (ASM). At the other, the spatially distributed constriction of the branching airways leads to breathing difficulties. Similarly, asthma therapies act at the molecular scale while clinical outcomes are determined by lung function. These extremes are linked by events operating over intermediate scales of length and time. Thus, AHR is an emergent phenomenon that limits our understanding of asthma and confounds the interpretation of studies that address physiological mechanisms over a limited range of scales. A solution is a modular computational model that integrates experimental and mathematical data from multiple scales. This includes, at the molecular scale, kinetics, and force production of actin-myosin contractile proteins during cross-bridge and latch-state cycling; at the cellular scale, Ca2+ signaling mechanisms that regulate ASM force production; at the tissue scale, forces acting between contracting ASM and opposing viscoelastic tissue that determine airway narrowing; at the organ scale, the topographic distribution of ASM contraction dynamics that determine mechanical impedance of the lung. At each scale, models are constructed with iterations between theory and experimentation to identify the parameters that link adjacent scales. This modular model establishes algorithms for modeling over a wide range of scales and provides a framework for the inclusion of other responses such as inflammation or therapeutic regimes. The goal is to develop this lung model so that it can make predictions about bronchoconstriction and identify the pathophysiologic mechanisms having the greatest impact on AHR and its therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lauzon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
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Tojkander S, Gateva G, Lappalainen P. Actin stress fibers--assembly, dynamics and biological roles. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1855-64. [PMID: 22544950 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.098087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filaments assemble into diverse protrusive and contractile structures to provide force for a number of vital cellular processes. Stress fibers are contractile actomyosin bundles found in many cultured non-muscle cells, where they have a central role in cell adhesion and morphogenesis. Focal-adhesion-anchored stress fibers also have an important role in mechanotransduction. In animal tissues, stress fibers are especially abundant in endothelial cells, myofibroblasts and epithelial cells. Importantly, recent live-cell imaging studies have provided new information regarding the mechanisms of stress fiber assembly and how their contractility is regulated in cells. In addition, these studies might elucidate the general mechanisms by which contractile actomyosin arrays, including muscle cell myofibrils and cytokinetic contractile ring, can be generated in cells. In this Commentary, we discuss recent findings concerning the physiological roles of stress fibers and the mechanism by which these structures are generated in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Tojkander
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Sadegh MK, Ekman M, Rippe C, Uvelius B, Swärd K, Albinsson S. Deletion of Dicer in smooth muscle affects voiding pattern and reduces detrusor contractility and neuroeffector transmission. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35882. [PMID: 22558254 PMCID: PMC3338793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulators of smooth muscle phenotype and may play important roles in pathogenesis of various smooth muscle related disease states. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miRNAs for urinary bladder function. We used an inducible and smooth muscle specific Dicer knockout (KO) mouse which resulted in significantly reduced levels of miRNAs, including miR-145, miR-143, miR-22, miR125b-5p and miR-27a, from detrusor preparations without mucosa. Deletion of Dicer resulted in a disturbed micturition pattern in vivo and reduced depolarization-induced pressure development in the isolated detrusor. Furthermore, electrical field stimulation revealed a decreased cholinergic but maintained purinergic component of neurogenic activation in Dicer KO bladder strips. The ultrastructure of detrusor smooth muscle cells was well maintained, and the density of nerve terminals was similar. Western blotting demonstrated reduced contents of calponin and desmin. Smooth muscle α-actin, SM22α and myocardin were unchanged. Activation of strips with exogenous agonists showed that depolarization-induced contraction was preferentially reduced; ATP- and calyculin A-induced contractions were unchanged. Quantitative real time PCR and western blotting demonstrated reduced expression of Cav1.2 (Cacna1c). It is concluded that smooth muscle miRNAs play an important role for detrusor contractility and voiding pattern of unrestrained mice. This is mediated in part via effects on expression of smooth muscle differentiation markers and L-type Ca(2+) channels in the detrusor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Ekman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Uvelius
- Department of Urology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Castro MM, Cena J, Cho WJ, Walsh MP, Schulz R. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 proteolysis of calponin-1 contributes to vascular hypocontractility in endotoxemic rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:662-8. [PMID: 22199370 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.242685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 is activated in aorta during endotoxemia and plays a role in the hypocontractility to vasoconstrictors. Calponin-1 is a regulator of vascular smooth muscle tone with similarities to troponin, a cardiac myocyte protein that is cleaved by MMP-2 in myocardial oxidative stress injuries. We hypothesized that calponin-1 may be proteolyzed by MMP-2 in endotoxemia-induced vascular hypocontractility. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were given a nonlethal dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle. Some rats were given the MMP inhibitors ONO-4817 or doxycycline. Six hours later, plasma nitrate+nitrite increased >15-fold in LPS-treated rats, an effect unchanged by doxycycline. Both ONO-4817 and doxycycline prevented LPS-induced aortic hypocontractility to phenylephrine. LPS activated MMP-2 in the aorta by S-glutathiolation. Calponin-1 levels decreased by 25% in endotoxemic aortae, which was prevented by doxycycline. Calponin-1 and MMP-2 coimmunoprecipitated and both exhibited uniform cytosolic staining in medial vascular smooth muscle cells. In vitro incubation of calponin-1 with MMP-2 led to calponin-1 degradation and appearance of its cleavage product. CONCLUSION Calponin-1 is a target of MMP-2, which contributes to endotoxemia-induced vascular hypocontractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, 4-62 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
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Potential role of drebrin a, an f-actin binding protein, in reactive synaptic plasticity after pilocarpine-induced seizures: functional implications in epilepsy. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:474351. [PMID: 22611398 PMCID: PMC3349265 DOI: 10.1155/2012/474351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurological disorders characterized by cognitive deficits, including Alzheimer's disease, down syndrome, and epilepsy exhibit abnormal spine density and/or morphology. Actin-based cytoskeleton network dynamics is critical for the regulation of spine morphology and synaptic function. In this paper, I consider the functions of drebrin A in cell shaping, spine plasticity, and synaptic function. Developmentally regulated brain protein (drebrin A) is one of the most abundant neuron-specific binding proteins of F-actin and its expression is increased in parallel with synapse formation. Drebrin A is particularly concentrated in dendritic spines receiving excitatory inputs. Our recent findings point to a critical role of DA in dendritic spine structural integrity and stabilization, likely via regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and glutamatergic synaptic function that underlies the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures in pilocarpine-treated animals. Further research into this area may provide useful insights into the pathology of status epilepticus and epileptogenic mechanisms and ultimately may provide the basis for future treatment options.
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Jensen MH, Watt J, Hodgkinson J, Gallant C, Appel S, El-Mezgueldi M, Angelini TE, Morgan KG, Lehman W, Moore JR. Effects of basic calponin on the flexural mechanics and stability of F-actin. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2012; 69:49-58. [PMID: 22135101 PMCID: PMC3355516 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The cellular actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in the ability of cells to properly sense, propagate, and respond to external stresses and other mechanical stimuli. Calponin, an actin-binding protein found both in muscle and non-muscle cells, has been implicated in actin cytoskeletal organization and regulation. In this work, we studied the mechanical and structural interaction of actin with basic calponin, a differentiation marker in smooth muscle cells, on a single filament level. We imaged fluorescently labeled thermally fluctuating actin filaments and found that at moderate calponin binding densities, actin filaments were more flexible, evident as a reduction in persistence length from 8.0 to 5.8 μm. When calponin-decorated actin filaments were subjected to shear, we observed a marked reduction of filament lengths after decoration with calponin, which we argue was due to shear-induced filament rupture rather than depolymerization. This increased shear susceptibility was exacerbated with calponin concentration. Cryo-electron microscopy results confirmed previously published negative stain electron microscopy results and suggested alterations in actin involving actin subdomain 2. A weakening of F-actin intermolecular association is discussed as the underlying cause of the observed mechanical perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Herholdt Jensen
- Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Boston University, Department of Physics, Boston, MA
| | - James Watt
- Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Julie Hodgkinson
- Medical School Hannover, Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cynthia Gallant
- Boston University, Department of Health Sciences, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah Appel
- Boston University, Department of Health Sciences, Boston, MA
| | | | - Thomas E. Angelini
- University of Florida, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gainesville, FL
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Chuang SM, Juan YS, Long CY, Huang CH, Levin RM, Liu KM. The effect of L-arginine on bladder dysfunction following ovariectomy in a rabbit model. Int Urogynecol J 2011; 22:1381-8. [PMID: 21660538 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-011-1468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS The present study was designed to investigate the effect of nitric oxide precursor, L: -arginine, on bladder function following ovariectomy. METHODS Twenty-eight New Zealand white female rabbits were separated into seven groups. Groups 1 to 6 underwent ovariectomy surgery. Among them, groups 1 and 2 received ovariectomy without treating with L-arginine. Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were given high L-arginine diet and were sacrificed 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after ovariectomy, respectively. Group 7 served as the control group. The effects of L: -arginine on the contractility of bladder tissues were determined in response to various stimulations. In addition, L-arginine effects on the expression of Rho kinase (ROK), protein kinase C potentiated inhibitor (CPI-17), caldesmon (CaD), and calponin (CaP) were studied by immunoblotting. RESULTS Ovariectomy significantly decreases contractile response to all forms of stimulation. Feeding rabbits L: -arginine significantly increases contractile response at 1 day following ovariectomy, but the response decreases to the control level by 14 days. Ovariectomy increases the expressions of both isoforms of CaD, CaP, and CPI-17; L-arginine treatment induces ROK underexpression, while CaP is overexpressed in the early few days of ovariectomy but returns to the control level at 2 weeks after ovariectomy. CONCLUSIONS Ovariectomy appreciably reduced bladder contractility. Treatment with L-arginine reversed the ovariectomy-induced bladder dysfunction. Decreased bladder contractile response was observed in the early days following ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mien Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Soloff MS, Jeng YJ, Izban MG, Sinha M, Luxon BA, Stamnes SJ, England SK. Effects of progesterone treatment on expression of genes involved in uterine quiescence. Reprod Sci 2011; 18:781-97. [PMID: 21795739 PMCID: PMC4051400 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111398150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An important action of progesterone during pregnancy is to maintain the uterus in a quiescent state and thereby prevent preterm labor. The causes of preterm labor are not well understood, so progesterone action on the myometrium can provide clues about the processes that keep the uterus from contracting prematurely. Accordingly, we have carried out Affymetrix GeneChip analysis of progesterone effects on gene expression in immortalized human myometrial cells cultured from a patient near the end of pregnancy. Progesterone appears to inhibit uterine excitability by a number of mechanisms, including increased expression of calcium and voltage-operated K(+) channels, which dampens the electrical activity of the myometrial cell, downregulation of agents, and receptors involved in myometrial contraction, reduction in cell signal components that lead to increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in response to contractile stimuli, and downregulation of proteins involved in the cross-linking of actin and myosin filaments to produce uterine contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvyn S. Soloff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yow-Jiun Jeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Michael G. Izban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mala Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bruce A. Luxon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Susan J. Stamnes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sarah K. England
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Çelik Ö, Bilginer B, Korkmaz A, Gürgör PN, Bavbek M, Özgen T, Ziyal İ. Effects of intramuscular parecoxib administration on vasospasm in an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121:316-22. [PMID: 21348801 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.556284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM We examined whether intramuscular parecoxib administration has a preventive or therapeutic effect on vasospasm following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty New Zealand White Rabbits were assigned randomly to one of four groups. Animals in Group I were not subjected to SAH (control group). Animals in all other groups were subjected to SAH. Animals in Group II received no treatment after SAH induction (SAH group). Animals in Group III received intramuscular parecoxib (diluted with saline) injection at 6 and at 30 hours after SAH (treatment group). Animals in Group IV received only intramuscular saline injection at 6 and at 30 hours after SAH (vehicle group). Animals were euthanized by perfusion and fixation 48 hours after SAH induction. Basilar artery cross-sectional areas and wall thicknesses were measured. Statistical comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Basilar artery cross-sectional areas in the treatment group were significantly higher than in the SAH or vehicle group (p<.05). Basilar artery wall thickness in the treatment group was significantly smaller than in the SAH or vehicle group (p<.05). CONCLUSION Our study revealed that intramuscular administration of parecoxib significantly attenuates vasospasm following experimental SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Çelik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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35
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Dobrzhanskaya AV, Matusovskaya GG, Matusovsky OS, Shelud’ko NS. Thin filaments of bivalve smooth muscle may contain a calponin-like protein. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350910050039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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36
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Sbai O, Khrestchatisky M, Esclapez M, Ferhat L. Drebrin A expression is altered after pilocarpine-induced seizures: Time course of changes is consistent for a role in the integrity and stability of dendritic spines of hippocampal granule cells. Hippocampus 2011; 22:477-93. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ranasinghe AM, Bonser RS. Biomarkers in acute aortic dissection and other aortic syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56:1535-41. [PMID: 21029872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute aortic syndromes have an incidence of >30 per million per annum and a high mortality without definitive treatment. Survival may relate to the speed of diagnosis. Although pain is the most common symptom, there is a large fraction of patients in whom the diagnosis may be mistaken or overlooked. Currently, a high index of clinical suspicion is the chief prompt that diverts a patient into a definitive algorithm of imaging investigations. Although there is no point-of-care biochemical test that can be reliably used to positively identify dissection, biomarkers are available that could accelerate the diagnostic pathway and thereby expedite treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Ranasinghe
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Jabbour PM, Tjoumakaris SI, Rosenwasser RH. Neuroendovascular Management of Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2009; 20:441-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Transcriptome analysis of Schistosoma mansoni larval development using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Parasitology 2009; 136:469-85. [PMID: 19265565 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182009005733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Infection of the snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, by the free-swimming miracidial stage of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni, and its subsequent development to the parasitic sporocyst stage is critical to establishment of viable infections and continued human transmission. We performed a genome-wide expression analysis of the S. mansoni miracidia and developing sporocyst using Long Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (LongSAGE). Five cDNA libraries were constructed from miracidia and in vitro cultured 6- and 20-day-old sporocysts maintained in sporocyst medium (SM) or in SM conditioned by previous cultivation with cells of the B. glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line. We generated 21 440 SAGE tags and mapped 13 381 to the S. mansoni gene predictions (v4.0e) either by estimating theoretical 3' UTR lengths or using existing 3' EST sequence data. Overall, 432 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed amongst all 5 libraries. In total, 172 tags were differentially expressed between miracidia and 6-day conditioned sporocysts and 152 were differentially expressed between miracidia and 6-day unconditioned sporocysts. In addition, 53 and 45 tags, respectively, were differentially expressed in 6-day and 20-day cultured sporocysts, due to the effects of exposure to Bge cell-conditioned medium.
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Somara S, Bitar KN. Direct association of calponin with specific domains of PKC-alpha. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 295:G1246-54. [PMID: 18948438 PMCID: PMC2604804 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90461.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Calponin contributes to the regulation of smooth muscle contraction through its interaction with F-actin and inhibition of the actin-activated Mg-ATPase activity of phosphorylated myosin. Previous studies have shown that the contractile agonist acetylcholine induced a direct association of translocated calponin and PKC-alpha in the membrane. In the present study, we have determined the domain of PKC-alpha involved in direct association with calponin. In vitro binding assay was carried out by incubating glutathione S-transferase-calponin aa 92-229 with His-tagged proteins of individual domains and different combinations of domains of PKC-alpha. Calponin was found to bind directly to the full-length PKC-alpha. Calponin bound to C2 and C4 domains but not to C1 and C3 domains of PKC-alpha. When incubated with proteins of different combination of domains, calponin bound to C2-C3, C3-C4, and C2-C3-C4 but not to C1-C2 or C1-C2-C3. To determine whether these in vitro bindings mimic the in vivo associations, and in vivo binding assay was performed by transfecting colonic smooth muscle cells with His-tagged proteins of individual domains and different combinations of domains of PKC-alpha. Coimmunoprecipitation of calponin with His-tagged truncated forms of PKC-alpha showed that C1-C2, C1-C2-C3, C2-C3, and C3-C4 did not associate with calponin. Calponin associated only with full-length PKC-alpha and with C2-C3-C4 in cells in the resting state, and this association increased upon stimulation with acetylcholine. These data suggest that calponin bound to fragments that may mimic the active form of PKC-alpha and that the functional association of PKC-alpha with calponin requires both C2 and C4 domains during contraction of colonic smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Somara
- Division of Pediatrics-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5656, USA
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Abstract
Calponin is an actin filament-associated regulatory protein expressed in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells. Calponin is an inhibitor of the actin-activated myosin ATPase. Three isoforms of calponin have been found in the vertebrates. Whereas the role of calponin in regulating smooth muscle contractility has been extensively investigated, the function and regulation of calponin in non-muscle cells is much less understood. Based on recent progresses in the field, this review focuses on the studies of calponin in non-muscle cells, especially its regulation by cytoskeleton tension and function in cell motility. The ongoing research has demonstrated that calponin plays a regulatory role in non-muscle cell motility. Therefore, non-muscle calponin is an attractive target for the control of cell proliferation, migration and phagocytosis, and the treatment of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Wu
- Section of Molecular Cardiology, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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Hooper SL, Hobbs KH, Thuma JB. Invertebrate muscles: thin and thick filament structure; molecular basis of contraction and its regulation, catch and asynchronous muscle. Prog Neurobiol 2008; 86:72-127. [PMID: 18616971 PMCID: PMC2650078 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This is the second in a series of canonical reviews on invertebrate muscle. We cover here thin and thick filament structure, the molecular basis of force generation and its regulation, and two special properties of some invertebrate muscle, catch and asynchronous muscle. Invertebrate thin filaments resemble vertebrate thin filaments, although helix structure and tropomyosin arrangement show small differences. Invertebrate thick filaments, alternatively, are very different from vertebrate striated thick filaments and show great variation within invertebrates. Part of this diversity stems from variation in paramyosin content, which is greatly increased in very large diameter invertebrate thick filaments. Other of it arises from relatively small changes in filament backbone structure, which results in filaments with grossly similar myosin head placements (rotating crowns of heads every 14.5 nm) but large changes in detail (distances between heads in azimuthal registration varying from three to thousands of crowns). The lever arm basis of force generation is common to both vertebrates and invertebrates, and in some invertebrates this process is understood on the near atomic level. Invertebrate actomyosin is both thin (tropomyosin:troponin) and thick (primarily via direct Ca(++) binding to myosin) filament regulated, and most invertebrate muscles are dually regulated. These mechanisms are well understood on the molecular level, but the behavioral utility of dual regulation is less so. The phosphorylation state of the thick filament associated giant protein, twitchin, has been recently shown to be the molecular basis of catch. The molecular basis of the stretch activation underlying asynchronous muscle activity, however, remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L. Hooper
- Neuroscience Program Department of Biological Sciences Ohio University Athens, OH 45701 614 593-0679 (voice) 614 593-0687 (FAX)
| | - Kevin H. Hobbs
- Neuroscience Program Department of Biological Sciences Ohio University Athens, OH 45701 614 593-0679 (voice) 614 593-0687 (FAX)
| | - Jeffrey B. Thuma
- Neuroscience Program Department of Biological Sciences Ohio University Athens, OH 45701 614 593-0679 (voice) 614 593-0687 (FAX)
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Akata T. Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone. Part 2: regulatory mechanisms modulating Ca2+ mobilization and/or myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Anesth 2007; 21:232-42. [PMID: 17458653 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-006-0488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological mechanisms regulating vascular tone would lead to better circulatory management during general anesthesia. This two-part review provides an overview of current knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the contractile state of vascular smooth muscle cells (i.e., vascular tone). The first part reviews basic mechanisms controlling the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in vascular smooth muscle cells, and the Ca2+-dependent regulation of vascular tone. This second part reviews the regulatory mechanisms modulating Ca2+ mobilization and/or myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells-including Rho/Rho kinase, protein kinase C, arachidonic acid, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, caldesmon, calponin, mitogen-activated protein kinases, tyrosine kinases, cyclic nucleotides, Cl- channels, and K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Akata T. Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone. Part 1: basic mechanisms controlling cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and the Ca2+-dependent regulation of vascular tone. J Anesth 2007; 21:220-31. [PMID: 17458652 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-006-0487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
General anesthetics cause hemodynamic instability and alter blood flow to various organs. There is mounting evidence that most general anesthetics, at clinical concentrations, influence a wide variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the contractile state of vascular smooth muscle cells (i.e., vascular tone). In addition, in current anesthetic practice, various types of vasoactive agents are often used to control vascular reactivity and to sustain tissue blood flow in high-risk surgical patients with impaired vital organ function and/or hemodynamic instability. Understanding the physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of vascular tone thus would be beneficial for anesthesiologists. This review, in two parts, provides an overview of current knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone-i.e., targets for general anesthetics, as well as for vasoactive drugs that are used in intraoperative circulatory management. This first part of the two-part review focuses on basic mechanisms regulating cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and the Ca2+-dependent regulation of vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Wheeler DL, Li Y, Verma AK. Protein Kinase C Epsilon Signals Ultraviolet Light-induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Through Induction of Specific Cytokines in a Paracrine Mechanism¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb01516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Smolock EM, Wang T, Nolt JK, Moreland RS. siRNA knock down of casein kinase 2 increases force and cross-bridge cycling rates in vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 292:C876-85. [PMID: 16987988 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00343.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Contraction of smooth muscle involves myosin light chain (MLC) kinase catalyzed phosphorylation of the regulatory MLC, activation of myosin, and the development of force. However, this cannot account for all aspects of a smooth muscle contraction, suggesting that other regulatory mechanisms exist. One potentially important technique to study alternative sites of contractile regulation is the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA). The goal of this study was to determine whether siRNA technology can decrease the levels of a specific protein and allow for the determination of how that protein affects contractile regulation. To achieve this goal, we tested the hypothesis that casein kinase 2 (CK2) is part of the complex regulatory scheme present in vascular smooth muscle. Using intact strips of swine carotid artery, we determined that siRNA against CK2 produced a tissue that resulted in a ∼60% knockdown after 4 days in organ culture. Intact strips of vascular tissue depleted of CK2 produced greater levels of force and exhibited an increased sensitivity to all stimuli tested. This was accompanied by an increase in cross-bridge cycling rates but not by a change in MLC phosphorylation levels. α-Toxin-permeabilized vascular tissue depleted of CK2 also showed an increased sensitivity to calcium compared with control tissues. Our results demonstrate that siRNA is a viable technique with which to study regulatory pathways in intact smooth muscle tissue. Our results also demonstrate that CK2 plays an important role in the mechanism(s) responsible for the development of force and cross-bridge cycling by a MLC phosphorylation-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Smolock
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Physiology, 245 N. 15th St., MS 488, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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Babu GJ, Celia G, Rhee AY, Yamamura H, Takahashi K, Brozovich FV, Osol G, Periasamy M. Effects of h1-calponin ablation on the contractile properties of bladder versus vascular smooth muscle in mice lacking SM-B myosin. J Physiol 2006; 577:1033-42. [PMID: 16973711 PMCID: PMC1890375 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.118828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional significance of smooth muscle-specific h1-calponin up-regulation in the smooth muscle contractility of SM-B null mice was studied by generating double knockout mice lacking both h1-calponin and SM-B myosin. The double knockout mice appear healthy, reproduce well and do not show any smooth muscle pathology. Loss of h1-calponin in the SM-B null mice bladder resulted in increased maximal shortening velocity (V(max)) and steady-state force generation. The force dilatation pressure, which was decreased in the SM-B null mesenteric vessels, was restored to wild-type levels in the double knockout vessels. In contrast, the half-time to maximal constriction was significantly increased in the double knockout vessels similar to that of SM-B null mice and indicating decreased shortening velocity in the double knockout vessels. Biochemical analyses showed that there is a significant reduction in smooth muscle alpha-actin levels, whereas h-caldesmon levels are increased in the double knockout bladder and mesenteric vessels, suggesting that these changes may also partly contribute to the altered contractile function. Taken together, our studies suggest that up-regulation of h1-calponin in the SM-B null mice may be necessary to maintain a reduced level of cross-bridge cycling over time in the absence of SM-B myosin and play an important role in regulating the smooth muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal J Babu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
In contrast to striated muscle, both normalized force and shortening velocities are regulated functions of cross-bridge phosphorylation in smooth muscle. Physiologically this is manifested as relatively fast rates of contraction associated with transiently high levels of cross-bridge phosphorylation. In sustained contractions, Ca2+, cross-bridge phosphorylation, and ATP consumption rates fall, a phenomenon termed "latch". This review focuses on the Hai and Murphy (1988a) model that predicted the highly non-linear dependence of force on phosphorylation and a directly proportional dependence of shortening velocity on phosphorylation. This model hypothesized that (i) cross-bridge phosphorylation was obligatory for cross-bridge attachment, but also that (ii) dephosphorylation of an attached cross-bridge reduced its detachment rate. The resulting variety of cross-bridge cycles as predicted by the model could explain the observed dependencies of force and velocity on cross-bridge phosphorylation. New evidence supports modifications for more general applicability. First, myosin light chain phosphatase activity is regulated. Activation of myosin phosphatase is best demonstrated with inhibitory regulatory mechanisms acting via nitric oxide. The second modification of the model incorporates cooperativity in cross-bridge attachment to predict improved data on the dependence of force on phosphorylation. The molecular basis for cooperativity is unknown, but may involve thin filament proteins absent in striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Murphy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Rami G, Caillard O, Medina I, Pellegrino C, Fattoum A, Ben-Ari Y, Ferhat L. Change in the shape and density of dendritic spines caused by overexpression of acidic calponin in cultured hippocampal neurons. Hippocampus 2006; 16:183-97. [PMID: 16358313 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are morphing structures believed to provide a cellular substrate for synaptic plasticity. It has been suggested that the actin cytoskeleton is the target of molecular mechanisms regulating spine morphology. Here we hypothesized that acidic calponin, an actin-binding protein, is one of the key regulators of actin filaments during spine plasticity. Our data showed that the overexpression of acidic calponin-GFP (green fluorescent protein) in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons causes an elongation of spines and an increase of their density as compared with those of GFP-expressing neurons. These effects required the actin-binding domains of acidic calponin. The close apposition of the presynatic marker synaptophysin to these long spines and the presence of specific postsynaptic markers actin, PSD-95, NR1, and GluR1 suggested the existence of functional excitatory synaptic contacts. Indeed, electrophysiological data showed that the postsynaptic overexpression of acidic calponin enhanced the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents as compared with that of GFP-expressing neurons, but did not affect their properties such as amplitude, rise time, and half width. Studies in heterologous cells revealed that acidic calponin reorganized the actin filaments and stabilized them. Taken together, these findings show that acidic calponin regulates dendritic spine morphology and density, likely via regulation of the actin cytoskeleton reorganization and dynamic. Furthermore, the acidic calponin-induced spines are able to establish functional glutamatergic synapses. Such data suggest that acidic calponin is a key factor in the regulation of spine plasticity and synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rami
- INMED/INSERM U29, 163 rue de Luminy, BP 13, 13273, Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Hossain MM, Crish JF, Eckert RL, Lin JJC, Jin JP. h2-Calponin is regulated by mechanical tension and modifies the function of actin cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:42442-53. [PMID: 16236705 PMCID: PMC1405912 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509952200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calponin is an extensively studied actin-binding protein, but its function is not well understood. Among three isoforms of calponin, h2-calponin is found in both smooth muscle and non-muscle cells. The present study demonstrates that epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblast cells express significant amounts of h2-calponin. The expression of h2-calponin is cell anchorage-dependent. The levels of h2-calponin decrease when cells are rounded up and remain low when cells are prevented from adherence to a culture dish. h2-calponin expression resumes after the floating cells are allowed to form a monolayer in plastic dish. Cell cultures on polyacrylamide gels of different stiffness demonstrated that h2-calponin expression is affected by the mechanical properties of the culture matrix. When cells are cultured on soft gel that applies less traction force to the cell and, therefore, lower mechanical tension in the cytoskeleton, the level of h2-calponin is significantly lower than that in cells cultured on hard gel or rigid plastic dish. Force-expression of h2-calponin enhanced the resistance of the actin filaments to cytochalasin B treatment. Keratinocyte differentiation is accompanied by a mechanical tension-related up-regulation of h2-calponin. Lowering the tension of actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting non-muscle myosin II ATPase decreased h2-calponin expression. In contrast to the mechanical tension regulation of endogenous h2-calponin, the expression of h2-calponin using a cytomegalovirus promotor was independent of the stiffness of culture matrix. The results suggest that h2-calponin represents a novel manifestation of mechanical tension responsive gene regulation that may modify cytoskeleton function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moazzem Hossain
- Section of Molecular Cardiology, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Northwestern University Fienberg School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
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