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Hu J, Mesnage R, Tuohy K, Heiss C, Rodriguez-Mateos A. (Poly)phenol-related gut metabotypes and human health: an update. Food Funct 2024; 15:2814-2835. [PMID: 38414364 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04338j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Dietary (poly)phenols have received great interest due to their potential role in the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases. In recent years, a high inter-individual variability in the biological response to (poly)phenols has been demonstrated, which could be related to the high variability in (poly)phenol gut microbial metabolism existing within individuals. An interplay between (poly)phenols and the gut microbiota exists, with (poly)phenols being metabolised by the gut microbiota and their metabolites modulating gut microbiota diversity and composition. A number of (poly)phenol metabolising phenotypes or metabotypes have been proposed, however, potential metabotypes for most (poly)phenols have not been investigated, and the relationship between metabotypes and human health remains ambiguous. This review presents updated knowledge on the reciprocal interaction between (poly)phenols and the gut microbiome, associated gut metabotypes, and subsequent impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Überlingen, Germany
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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2
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Cielecka-Piontek J. Hop Flower Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracts Coupled with Carriers with Solubilizing Properties-Antioxidant Activity and Neuroprotective Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1722. [PMID: 37760025 PMCID: PMC10525257 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupuli flos shows many biological activities like antioxidant potential, extended by a targeted effect on selected enzymes, the expression of which is characteristic for neurodegenerative changes within the nervous system. Lupuli flos extracts (LFE) were prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction with various pressure and temperature parameters. The antioxidant, chelating activity, and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase by extracts were studied. The extracts containing ethanol were used as references. The most beneficial neuroprotective effects were shown by the extract obtained under 5000 PSI and 50 °C. The neuroprotective effect of active compounds is limited by poor solubility; therefore, carriers with solubilizing properties were used for scCO2 extracts, combined with post-scCO2 ethanol extract. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in combination with magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin US2) in the ratio 1:0.5 improved dissolution profiles to the greatest extent, while the apparent permeability coefficients of these compounds determined using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay in the gastrointestinal (PAMPA GIT) model were increased the most by only HP-β-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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3
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Phytoestrogens and Health Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020317. [PMID: 36678189 PMCID: PMC9864699 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are literally estrogenic substances of plant origin. Although these substances are useful for plants in many aspects, their estrogenic properties are essentially relevant to their predators. As such, phytoestrogens can be considered to be substances potentially dedicated to plant-predator interaction. Therefore, it is not surprising to note that the word phytoestrogen comes from the early discovery of estrogenic effects in grazing animals and humans. Here, several compounds whose activities have been discovered at nutritional concentrations in animals and humans are examined. The substances analyzed belong to several chemical families, i.e., the flavanones, the coumestans, the resorcylic acid lactones, the isoflavones, and the enterolignans. Following their definition and the evocation of their role in plants, their metabolic transformations and bioavailabilities are discussed. A point is then made regarding their health effects, which can either be beneficial or adverse depending on the subject studied, the sex, the age, and the physiological status. Toxicological information is given based on official data. The effects are first presented in humans. Animal models are evoked when no data are available in humans. The effects are presented with a constant reference to doses and plausible exposure.
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Tanaka Y, Okuyama H, Nishikawa M, Ikushiro SI, Ikeda M, Ishima Y, Ukawa Y, Oe K, Terao J, Mukai R. 8-Prenylnaringenin tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics in mice and its binding to human serum albumin and cellular uptake in human embryonic kidney cells. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1070-1080. [PMID: 35432956 PMCID: PMC9007292 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN), a hop flavonoid, is a promising food substance with health benefits. Compared with nonprenylated naringenin, 8-PN exhibits stronger estrogenic activity and prevents muscle atrophy. Moreover, 8-PN prevents hot flushes and bone loss. Considering that prenylation reportedly improves the bioavailability of flavonoids, we compared the parameters related to the bioavailability [pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in C57/BL6 mice, binding affinity to human serum albumin (HSA), and cellular uptake in HEK293 cells] of 8-PN and its mother (non-prenylated) compound naringenin. C57/BL6 mice were fed an 8-PN or naringenin mixed diet for 22 days. The amount of 8-PN (nmol/g tissue) in the kidneys (16.8 ± 9.20), liver (14.8 ± 2.58), muscles (3.33 ± 0.60), lungs (2.07 ± 0.68), pancreas (1.80 ± 0.38), heart (1.71 ± 0.27), spleen (1.36 ± 0.29), and brain (0.31 ± 0.09) was higher than that of naringenin. A pharmacokinetic study in mice demonstrated that the C max of 8-PN (50 mg/kg body weight) was lower than that of naringenin; however, the plasma concentration of 8-PN 8 h after ingestion was higher than that of naringenin. The binding affinity of 8-PN to HSA and cellular uptake in HEK293 cells were higher than those of naringenin. 8-PN bioavailability features assessed in mouse or human model experiments were obviously different from those of naringenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Food Science Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Hitomi Okuyama
- Department of Food Science Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Engineering Toyama Prefectural University Toyama Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ikushiro
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Engineering Toyama Prefectural University Toyama Japan
| | - Mayumi Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Yuichi Ukawa
- Healthcare SBU Business Strategy Business Planning Daicel Corporation Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenichi Oe
- Healthcare SBU Business Strategy, R&D Daicel Corporation Niigata Japan
| | - Junji Terao
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Konan Women's University Hyogo Japan
| | - Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan.,Department of Food Science Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
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Sabahi S, Homayouni Rad A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Sangtarash N, Ozma MA, Karimi A, Hosseini H, Abbasi A. Postbiotics as the new frontier in food and pharmaceutical research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8375-8402. [PMID: 35348016 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2056727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Food is the essential need of human life and has nutrients that support growth and health. Gastrointestinal tract microbiota involves valuable microorganisms that develop therapeutic effects and are characterized as probiotics. The investigations on appropriate probiotic strains have led to the characterization of specific metabolic byproducts of probiotics named postbiotics. The probiotics must maintain their survival against inappropriate lethal conditions of the processing, storage, distribution, preparation, and digestion system so that they can exhibit their most health effects. Conversely, probiotic metabolites (postbiotics) have successfully overcome these unfavorable conditions and may be an appropriate alternative to probiotics. Due to their specific chemical structure, safe profile, long shelf-life, and the fact that they contain various signaling molecules, postbiotics may have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive properties, inhibiting abnormal cell proliferation and antioxidative activities. Consequently, present scientific literature approves that postbiotics can mimic the fundamental and clinical role of probiotics, and due to their unique characteristics, they can be applied in an oral delivery system (pharmaceutical/functional foods), as a preharvest food safety hurdle, to promote the shelf-life of food products and develop novel functional foods or/and for developing health benefits, and therapeutic aims. This review addresses the latest postbiotic applications with regard to pharmaceutical formulations and commercial food-based products. Potential postbiotic applications in the promotion of host health status, prevention of disease, and complementary treatment are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sabahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Narges Sangtarash
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Asghari Ozma
- Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Karimi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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The Potent Phytoestrogen 8-Prenylnaringenin: A Friend or a Foe? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063168. [PMID: 35328588 PMCID: PMC8953904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is a prenylated flavonoid, occurring, in particular, in hop, but also in other plants. It has proven to be one of the most potent phytoestrogens in vitro known to date, and in the past 20 years, research has unveiled new effects triggered by it in biological systems. These findings have aroused the hopes, expectations, and enthusiasm of a “wonder-drug” for a host of human diseases. However, the majority of 8-PN effects require such high concentrations that they cannot be reached by normal dietary exposure, only pharmacologically; thus, adverse impacts may also emerge. Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review on this fascinating compound, with special reference to the range of beneficial and untoward health consequences that may ensue from exposure to it.
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7
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Piwowarski JP, Stanisławska I, Granica S. Dietary polyphenol and microbiota interactions in the context of prostate health. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1508:54-77. [PMID: 34636052 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent data strongly indicate a relationship between prostate health and gut microbiota, in which composition and physiological function strictly depend on dietary patterns. The bidirectional interplay of foods containing polyphenols, such as ellagitannins, condensed tannins, lignans, isoflavones, and prenylated flavonoids with human gut microbiota, has been proven to contribute to their impact on prostate health. Considering the attributed role of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of prostate diseases, this paper aims to critically review the studies concerning the influence of polyphenols' postbiotic metabolites on processes associated with the pathophysiology of prostate diseases. Clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies on polyphenols have been juxtaposed with the current knowledge regarding their pharmacokinetics, microbial metabolism, and potential interactions with microbiota harboring different niches of the human organism. Directions of future research on dietary polyphenols regarding their interaction with microbiota and prostate health have been indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub P Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Stanisławska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Trius-Soler M, Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Laveriano-Santos EP, Martínez-Huélamo M, Sasot G, Storniolo CE, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Tresserra-Rimbau A. Moderate Consumption of Beer (with and without Ethanol) and Menopausal Symptoms: Results from a Parallel Clinical Trial in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072278. [PMID: 34209273 PMCID: PMC8308431 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The menopausal transition can be a challenging period for women’s health and a trigger of uncomfortable symptoms. Beer is the main food source of isoxanthohumol, a precursor of 8-prenylnaringenin, the strongest phytoestrogen identified to date. As phytoestrogens are reported to reduce perimenopausal symptoms, we evaluated if a daily moderate consumption of beer with (AB) and without alcohol (NAB) could improve menopausal symptoms and modify cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 37 postmenopausal women were enrolled in a parallel controlled intervention trial and assigned to three study groups: 16 were administered AB (330 mL/day), 7 NAB (660 mL/day), and 14 were in the control group. After a 6-month follow-up of the 34 participants who finished the trial, both interventions (AB and NAB) significantly reduced the severity of the menopause-related symptoms (p-value AB vs. Control: 0.009; p-value NAB vs. Control: 0.033). Moreover, AB had a beneficial net effect on psychological menopausal discomforts compared to the control group. As the sex hormone profile did not differ significantly between the study groups, the effects of both types of beers (AB and NAB) are attributed to the non-alcoholic fraction of beer. Furthermore, moderate NAB consumption improved the lipid profile and decreased blood pressure in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trius-Soler
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.-S.); (M.M.-M.); (E.P.L.-S.); (M.M.-H.); (G.S.); (C.E.S.)
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Marhuenda-Muñoz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.-S.); (M.M.-M.); (E.P.L.-S.); (M.M.-H.); (G.S.); (C.E.S.)
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Emily P. Laveriano-Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.-S.); (M.M.-M.); (E.P.L.-S.); (M.M.-H.); (G.S.); (C.E.S.)
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
| | - Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.-S.); (M.M.-M.); (E.P.L.-S.); (M.M.-H.); (G.S.); (C.E.S.)
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
| | - Gemma Sasot
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.-S.); (M.M.-M.); (E.P.L.-S.); (M.M.-H.); (G.S.); (C.E.S.)
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
| | - Carolina E. Storniolo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.-S.); (M.M.-M.); (E.P.L.-S.); (M.M.-H.); (G.S.); (C.E.S.)
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.-S.); (M.M.-M.); (E.P.L.-S.); (M.M.-H.); (G.S.); (C.E.S.)
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.M.L.-R.); (A.T.-R.); Tel.: +34-934-034-843 (R.M.L.-R. & A.T.-R.)
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.-S.); (M.M.-M.); (E.P.L.-S.); (M.M.-H.); (G.S.); (C.E.S.)
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.M.L.-R.); (A.T.-R.); Tel.: +34-934-034-843 (R.M.L.-R. & A.T.-R.)
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9
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Hitzman RT, Dunlap TL, Howell CE, Chen SN, Vollmer G, Pauli GF, Bolton JL, Dietz BM. 6-Prenylnaringenin from Hops Disrupts ERα-Mediated Downregulation of CYP1A1 to Facilitate Estrogen Detoxification. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2793-2803. [PMID: 32986415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Botanical dietary supplements (BDS) containing hops are sold as women's health supplements due to the potent hop phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), and the cytoprotective chalcone, xanthohumol. Previous studies have shown a standardized hop extract to beneficially influence chemical estrogen carcinogenesis in vitro by fostering detoxified 2-hydroxylation over genotoxic 4-hydroxylation estrogen metabolism. In this study, hop extract and its bioactive compounds were investigated for its mechanism of action within the chemical estrogen carcinogenesis pathway, which is mainly mediated through the 4-hydroxylation pathway catalyzed by CYP1B1 that can form gentoxic quinones. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists induce CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, while estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) inhibits transcription of CYP1A1, the enzyme responsible for 2-hydroxylated estrogens and the estrogen detoxification pathway. An In-Cell Western MCF-7 cell assay revealed hop extract and 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN) degraded ERα via an AhR-dependent mechanism. Reverse transcription PCR and xenobiotic response element luciferase assays showed hop extract and 6-PN-mediated activation of AhR and induction of CYP1A1. A reduction in estrogen-mediated DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) downregulation of CYP1A1 accompanied this activity in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Ultimately, hop extract and 6-PN induced preferential metabolism of estrogens to their detoxified form in vitro. These results suggest that the standardized hop extract and 6-PN activate AhR to attenuate epigenetic inhibition of CYP1A1 through degradation of ERα, ultimately increasing 2-hydroxylated estrogens. A new mechanism of action rationalizes the positive influence of hop BDS and 6-PN on oxidative estrogen metabolism in vitro and, thus, potentially on chemical estrogen carcinogenesis. The findings underscore the importance of elucidating various biological mechanisms of action and standardizing BDS to multiple phytoconstituents for optimal resilience promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Hitzman
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Tareisha L Dunlap
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Caitlin E Howell
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Günter Vollmer
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States.,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
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10
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Tronina T, Popłoński J, Bartmańska A. Flavonoids as Phytoestrogenic Components of Hops and Beer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184201. [PMID: 32937790 PMCID: PMC7570471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The value of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in beer production has been undisputed for centuries. Hops is rich in humulones and lupulones which gives the characteristic aroma and bitter taste, and preserves this golden drink against growing bacteria and molds. Besides α- and β-acids, the lupulin glands of hop cones excrete prenylated flavonoids, which exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities and therefore has therapeutic potential in humans. Recently, interest in hops was raised due to hop prenylated flavanones which show extraordinary estrogen activities. The strongest known phytoestrogen so far is 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), which along with 6-prenylanaringenin (6-PN), 6,8-diprenylnaringenin (6,8-DPN) and 8-geranylnaringenin (8-GN) are fundamental for the potent estrogen activity of hops. This review provides insight into the unusual hop phytoestrogens and shows numerous health benefits associated with their wide spectrum of biological activities including estrogenic, anticancer, neuropreventive, antinflamatory, and antimicrobial properties, which were intensively studied, and potential applications of these compounds such as, as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
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11
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Urmann C, Riepl H. Semi-Synthetic Approach Leading to 8-Prenylnaringenin and 6-Prenylnaringenin: Optimization of the Microwave-Assisted Demethylation of Xanthohumol Using Design of Experiments. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174007. [PMID: 32887388 PMCID: PMC7504789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The isomers 8-prenylnaringenin and 6-prenylnaringenin, both secondary metabolites occurring in hops, show interesting biological effects, like estrogen-like, cytotoxic, or neuro regenerative activities. Accordingly, abundant sources for this special flavonoids are needed. Extraction is not recommended due to the very low amounts present in plants and different synthesis approaches are characterized by modest yields, multiple steps, the use of expensive chemicals, or an elaborate synthesis. An easy synthesis strategy is the demethylation of xanthohumol, which is available due to hop extraction industry, using lithium chloride and dimethylformamide, but byproducts and low yield did not make this feasible until now. In this study, the demethylation of xanthohumol to 8-prenylnaringenin and 6-prenylnaringenin is described the first time and this reaction was optimized using Design of Experiment and microwave irradiation. With the optimized conditions—temperature 198 °C, 55 eq. lithium chloride, and a reaction time of 9 min, a final yield of 76% of both prenylated flavonoids is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Urmann
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.U.); (H.R.); Tel.: +49-9421-187229 (C.U.); +49-9421-187302 (H.R.)
| | - Herbert Riepl
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.U.); (H.R.); Tel.: +49-9421-187229 (C.U.); +49-9421-187302 (H.R.)
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Erridge S, Mangal N, Salazar O, Pacchetti B, Sodergren MH. Cannflavins - From plant to patient: A scoping review. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104712. [PMID: 32858172 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannflavins are a group of prenylflavonoids derived from Cannabis sativa L.. Cannflavin A (CFL-A), B (CFL-B) and C (CFL-C) have been heralded for their anti-inflammatory properties in pre-clinical evaluations. This scoping review aims to synthesise the evidence base on cannflavins to provide an overview of the current research landscape to inform research strategies to aid clinical translation. METHODS A scoping review was conducted of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Pubmed, CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases up to 26th February 2020. All studies describing original research on cannflavins and their isomers were included for review. RESULTS 26 full text articles were included. CFL-A and CFL-B demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate induced PGE2 release (CFL-A half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 0.7 μM; CFL-B IC50: 0.7 μM) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (CFL-A IC50: 1.8 μM; CFL-B IC50: 3.7 μM). Outcomes were also described in preclinical models of anti-oxidation (CFL-A), anti-parasitic activity (CFL-A, CFL-C), neuroprotection (CFL-A) and cancer (Isocannflavin B, a CFL-B isomer). In-silico screening identified that CFL-A has binding affinity with viral proteins that warrant further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Cannflavins demonstrate a number of promising therapeutic properties, most notably as an anti-inflammatory agent. Low yields of extraction however have previously limited research to small pre-clinical investigations. Identification of cannflavin-rich chemovars, novel extraction techniques and recent identification of a biosynthetic pathway will hopefully allow research to be scaled appropriately. In order to fully evaluate the therapeutic properties of cannflavins focused research now needs to be embedded within institutions with a track-record of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Erridge
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Nagina Mangal
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Oliver Salazar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Mikael H Sodergren
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK; Emmac Life Sciences, London, UK.
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Putative adverse outcome pathways for female reproductive disorders to improve testing and regulation of chemicals. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3359-3379. [PMID: 32638039 PMCID: PMC7502037 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modern living challenges female reproductive health. We are witnessing a rise in reproductive disorders and drop in birth rates across the world. The reasons for these manifestations are multifaceted and most likely include continuous exposure to an ever-increasing number of chemicals. The cause–effect relationships between chemical exposure and female reproductive disorders, however, have proven problematic to determine. This has made it difficult to assess the risks chemical exposures pose to a woman’s reproductive development and function. To address this challenge, this review uses the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept to summarize current knowledge about how chemical exposure can affect female reproductive health. We have a special focus on effects on the ovaries, since they are essential for lifelong reproductive health in women, being the source of both oocytes and several reproductive hormones, including sex steroids. The AOP framework is widely accepted as a new tool for toxicological safety assessment that enables better use of mechanistic knowledge for regulatory purposes. AOPs equip assessors and regulators with a pragmatic network of linear cause–effect relationships, enabling the use of a wider range of test method data in chemical risk assessment and regulation. Based on current knowledge, we propose ten putative AOPs relevant for female reproductive disorders that can be further elaborated and potentially be included in the AOPwiki. This effort is an important step towards better safeguarding the reproductive health of all girls and women.
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Cortés-Martín A, Selma MV, Tomás-Barberán FA, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Where to Look into the Puzzle of Polyphenols and Health? The Postbiotics and Gut Microbiota Associated with Human Metabotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900952. [PMID: 32196920 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The full consensus on the role of dietary polyphenols as human-health-promoting compounds remains elusive. The two-way interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota (GM) (i.e., modulation of GM by polyphenols and their catabolism by the GM) is determinant in polyphenols' effects. The identification of human metabotypes associated with a differential gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols has opened new research scenarios to explain the inter-individual variability upon polyphenols consumption. The metabotypes unequivocally identified so far are those involved in the metabolism of isoflavones (equol and(or) O-desmethylangolesin producers versus non-producers) and ellagic acid (urolithin metabotypes, including producers of only urolithin-A (UM-A), producers of urolithin-A, isourolithin-A, and urolithin-B (UM-B), and non-producers (UM-0)). In addition, the microbial metabolites (phenolic-derived postbiotics) such as equol, urolithins, valerolactones, enterolactone, and enterodiol, and 8-prenylnaringenin, among others, can exert differential health effects. The knowledge is updated and position is taken here on i) the two-way interaction between GM and polyphenols, ii) the evidence between phenolic-derived postbiotics and health, iii) the role of metabotypes as biomarkers of GM and the clustering of individuals depending on their metabotypes (metabotyping) to explain polyphenols' effects, and iv) the gut microbial metabolism of catecholamines to illustrate the intersection between personalized nutrition and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Francisco Abraham Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Benkherouf AY, Soini SL, Stompor M, Uusi-Oukari M. Positive allosteric modulation of native and recombinant GABA A receptors by hops prenylflavonoids. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:34-41. [PMID: 30797788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hops are a major component of beer that is added during brewing. In addition to its wide range of bioactivity, it exhibits neuroactive properties as a sedative and sleeping aid. The compounds responsible for this activity are yet to be revealed and understood in terms of their pharmacological properties. Here we evaluated the potential of several hops flavonoids in modulating the GABAergic activity and assessed their selectivity to GABAA receptors subtypes. GABA-potentiating effects were measured using [3H]ethynylbicycloorthobenzoate (EBOB) radioligand binding assay in native and recombinant α1β3γ2, α2β3γ2 and α6β3δ receptors expressed in HEK293 cells. Flumazenil sensitivity of GABA-potentiating effects and [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding assay were used to examine the flavonoids binding to benzodiazepine site. The prenylflavonoids xanthohumol (XN), isoxanthohumol (IXN) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8PN) potentiated GABA-induced displacement of [3H]EBOB binding in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 for this potentiation in native GABAA receptors were 29.7 µM, 11.6 µM, 7.3 µM, respectively. In recombinant receptors, the sensitivity to prenylflavonoid potentiation of GABA-induced displacement of [3H]EBOB binding followed the order α6β3δ > α2β3γ2 > α1β3γ2 with the strongest inhibition observed by 8PN in α6β3δ (IC50 = 3.6 μM). Flumazenil had no significant effect on the prenylflavonoid-induced displacement of [3H]EBOB binding and [3H]Ro 15-4513 displacement from native GABAA receptors was only detected at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM). We identified potent prenylflavonoids in hops that positively modulate GABA-induced responses in native and αβγ/δ recombinant GABAA receptors at low micromolar concentrations. These GABAergic modulatory effects were not mediated via the high-affinity benzodiazepine binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Y Benkherouf
- Centre of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna L Soini
- Centre of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Monika Stompor
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mikko Uusi-Oukari
- Centre of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland.
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Bolton JL, Dunlap TL, Hajirahimkhan A, Mbachu O, Chen SN, Chadwick L, Nikolic D, van Breemen RB, Pauli GF, Dietz BM. The Multiple Biological Targets of Hops and Bioactive Compounds. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:222-233. [PMID: 30608650 PMCID: PMC6643004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Botanical dietary supplements for women's health are increasingly popular. Older women tend to take botanical supplements such as hops as natural alternatives to traditional hormone therapy to relieve menopausal symptoms. Especially extracts from spent hops, the plant material remaining after beer brewing, are enriched in bioactive prenylated flavonoids that correlate with the health benefits of the plant. The chalcone xanthohumol (XH) is the major prenylated flavonoid in spent hops. Other less abundant but important bioactive prenylated flavonoids are isoxanthohumol (IX), 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), and 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN). Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that these flavonoids are conjugated rapidly with glucuronic acid. XH also undergoes phase I metabolism in vivo to form IX, 8-PN, and 6-PN. Several hop constituents are responsible for distinct effects linked to multiple biological targets, including hormonal, metabolic, inflammatory, and epigenetic pathways. 8-PN is one of the most potent phytoestrogens and is responsible for hops' estrogenic activities. Hops also inhibit aromatase activity, which is linked to 8-PN. The weak electrophile, XH, can activate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and turn on the synthesis of detoxification enzymes such as NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 and glutathione S-transferase. XH also alkylates IKK and NF-κB, resulting in anti-inflammatory activity. Antiobesity activities have been described for XH and XH-rich hop extracts likely through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Hop extracts modulate the estrogen chemical carcinogenesis pathway by enhancing P450 1A1 detoxification. The mechanism appears to involve activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by the AhR agonist, 6-PN, leading to degradation of the estrogen receptor. Finally, prenylated phenols from hops are known inhibitors of P450 1A1/2; P450 1B1; and P450 2C8, 2C9, and 2C19. Understanding the biological targets of hop dietary supplements and their phytoconstituents will ultimately lead to standardized botanical products with higher efficacy, safety, and chemopreventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L. Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Tareisha L. Dunlap
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Atieh Hajirahimkhan
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Obinna Mbachu
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
- Center for Natural Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Luke Chadwick
- Bell’s Brewery, 8938 Krum Avenue, Galesburg, Michigan 49053, United States
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 305 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
- Center for Natural Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Birgit M. Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
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Knez Hrnčič M, Španinger E, Košir IJ, Knez Ž, Bren U. Hop Compounds: Extraction Techniques, Chemical Analyses, Antioxidative, Antimicrobial, and Anticarcinogenic Effects. Nutrients 2019; 11:E257. [PMID: 30678345 PMCID: PMC6412513 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hop plants comprise a variety of natural compounds greatly differing in their structure and properties. A wide range of methods have been developed for their isolation and chemical analysis, as well as for determining their antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antigenotoxic potentials. This contribution provides an overview of extraction and fractionation techniques of the most important hop compounds known for their health-promoting features. Although hops remain the principal ingredient for providing the taste, stability, and antimicrobial protection of beer, they have found applications in the pharmaceutical and other food industries as well. This review focuses on numerous health-promoting effects of hops raging from antioxidative, sedative, and anti-inflammatory potentials, over anticarcinogenic features to estrogenic activity. Therefore, hops should be exploited for the prevention and even healing of several prevalent diseases like cardiovascular disorders and various cancer types. New ideas for future studies on hops are finally presented: computational investigations of chemical reactivities of hop compounds, nanoencapsulation, and synergistic effects leading to a higher bioavailability of biologically active substances as well as the application of waste hop biomass from breweries for the production of high-added-value products in accordance with the biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Knez Hrnčič
- Laboratory of Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Eva Španinger
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Iztok Jože Košir
- Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, Cesta Žalskega Tabora 2, SI-3310 Žalec, Slovenia.
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory of Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Urban Bren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Hairi HA, Shuid AN, Ibrahim N‘I, Jamal JA, Mohamed N, Mohamed IN. The Effects and Action Mechanisms of Phytoestrogens on Vasomotor Symptoms During Menopausal Transition: Thermoregulatory Mechanism. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 20:192-200. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170816123740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Phytoestrogens have recently been claimed to positively influence menopausal
discomforts, including hot flashes. However, little is known about the influence of phytoestrogens
on core body temperature during oestrogen fluctuation at menopause.
Objective:
Previously published findings showed that phytoestrogens could relieve menopausal complaints,
thus, the present review was aimed at assessing the effects of phytoestrogens on thermoregulatory
mechanism during menopausal transition.
Results:
The molecular mechanisms underlying hot flashes are complex. Oestrogen fluctuations cause
hypothalamic thermoregulatory centre dysfunction, which leads to hot flashes during menopause. The
phytoestrogens of interest, in relation to human health, include isoflavones, lignans, coumestans, and
stilbenes, which are widely distributed in nature. The phytoestrogens are capable of reducing hot
flashes via their oestrogen-like hormone actions. The potential effects of phytoestrogens on hot flashes
and their molecular mechanisms of action on thermoregulatory centre are discussed in this review.
Conclusion:
The effects of phytoestrogens on these mechanisms may help explain their beneficial effects
in alleviating hot flashes and other menopausal discomforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haryati Ahmad Hairi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul ‘Izzah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Lincoln University College, Jalan Stadium, SS 7/15, Kelana Jaya, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamia Azdina Jamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Štulíková K, Karabín M, Nešpor J, Dostálek P. Therapeutic Perspectives of 8-Prenylnaringenin, a Potent Phytoestrogen from Hops. Molecules 2018; 23:E660. [PMID: 29543713 PMCID: PMC6017581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.), as a key ingredient for beer brewing, is also a source of many biologically active molecules. A notable compound, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), structurally belonging to the group of prenylated flavonoids, was shown to be a potent phytoestrogen, and thus, became the topic of active research. Here, we overview the pharmacological properties of 8-PN and its therapeutic opportunities. Due to its estrogenic effects, administration of 8-PN represents a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of menopausal and post-menopausal symptoms that occur as a consequence of a progressive decline in hormone levels in women. Application of 8-PN in the treatment of menopause has been clinically examined with promising results. Other activities that have already been assessed include the potential to prevent bone-resorption or inhibition of tumor growth. On the other hand, the use of phytoestrogens is frequently questioned regarding possible adverse effects associated with long-term consumption. In conclusion, we emphasize the implications of using 8-PN in future treatments of menopausal and post-menopausal symptoms, including the need for precise evidence and further investigations to define the safety risks related to its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Štulíková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcel Karabín
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Nešpor
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Dostálek
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Calvo-Castro LA, Burkard M, Sus N, Scheubeck G, Leischner C, Lauer UM, Bosy-Westphal A, Hund V, Busch C, Venturelli S, Frank J. The Oral Bioavailability of 8-Prenylnaringenin from Hops (Humulus Lupulus
L.) in Healthy Women and Men is Significantly Higher than that of its Positional Isomer 6-Prenylnaringenin in a Randomized Crossover Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700838. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Calvo-Castro
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Cartago Costa Rica
| | - Markus Burkard
- Institute of Physiology; Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Nadine Sus
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Gabriel Scheubeck
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Christian Leischner
- Institute of Physiology; Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Verena Hund
- Hospital Pharmacy; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Christian Busch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Institute of Physiology; Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
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An Overview of the Antimicrobial Properties of Hop. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67045-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Minecka A, Zych M, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. 8-Prenylnaringenin from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) – a panacea for menopause? HERBA POLONICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
8-Prenylnaryngenin (8-PN) is the strongest known phytoestrogen (PE). Its main source is the female inflorescences of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). 8-PN, which, in contrast to other PEs, is proven to have stronger activity and higher affinity for the α subtype of estrogen receptor (ER). Therefore, it may be an effective substitute for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The studies in postmenopausal women have shown its particular effectiveness in reducing hot flashes. However, a strong stimulation of uterus by 8-PN may be associated with the occurrence of adverse effects (eg. bleeding) and increase the risk of carcinogenesis. The H. lupulus extracts preparations are currently supplements which makes control of the doses used and thus increases the occurrence of uncontrolled self-treatment difficult. This paper presents the current knowledge on 8-PN and discusses the potential risks associated with use of hops to alleviate the symptoms of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Minecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Medical University of Silesia in Katowice School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec Jagiellońska 4 41-200 Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Medical University of Silesia in Katowice School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec Jagiellońska 4 41-200 Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Medical University of Silesia in Katowice School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec Jagiellońska 4 41-200 Sosnowiec , Poland
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Keiler AM, Macejova D, Dietz BM, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Chen SN, van Breemen RB, Nikolic D, Goerl F, Muders MH, Zierau O, Vollmer G. Evaluation of estrogenic potency of a standardized hops extract on mammary gland biology and on MNU-induced mammary tumor growth in rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:234-241. [PMID: 28964928 PMCID: PMC5760272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supplements with estrogenic activities are intensively investigated as potential alternatives for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. These investigations include studies on their safety regarding potential breast cancer risks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether or not a standardized hops (Humulus lupulus) extract, containing 0.42% of the estrogenic flavanone, 8-prenylnaringenin, would stimulate growth of methyl-nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary cancer in ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or would impact on the proliferative activity within the normal mammary gland of Wistar rats. To induce tumorigenesis SD-rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 50mg/kg body weight of MNU on postnatal days PND 50 and 52. 28days later animals were OVX or were SHAM operated (positive control) and randomly allocated and maintained for 140days on either a phytoestrogen-free placebo diet (SHAM and negative control) or on the hops fortified diet. For the investigations in the normal mammary gland young adult Wistar rats were bilaterally OVX and randomly allocated to a control group fed to a phytoestrogen-free diet, or to a diet supplemented either with E2-benzoate or the hops extract. As a major result, the tumor incidence was 15% (3 tumors totally) in OVX controls, whereas it was 85% (39 tumors totally) in SHAM operated positive controls. No tumors were detectable in the hops group. In addition, no estrogenic activity of the hops extract was detectable in uterus and liver of these animals. In investigations on the normal mammary gland, no impact of hops extract on the expression of estrogen dependent proliferation markers or of progesterone receptor became apparent. In conclusion, the lack of growth stimulation of MNU-induced breast cancer in OVX SD-rats and the lack of stimulation proliferative events in the normal mammary gland of OVX Wistar rats by standardized hops extracts provides an important piece of evidence regarding the safety of these extracts in the management of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathrin M Keiler
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Institute for Doping Analytics and Sports Biochemistry Dresden (IDAS), Dresdner Str. 12, 01731 Kreischa, Germany
| | - Dana Macejova
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Florian Goerl
- Institute for Pathology, 01454 Radeberg, Germany; Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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24
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van Duursen MBM. Modulation of estrogen synthesis and metabolism by phytoestrogens in vitro and the implications for women's health. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:772-794. [PMID: 30090542 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are increasingly used as dietary supplements due to their suggested health promoting properties, but also by women for breast enhancement and relief of menopausal symptoms. Generally, phytoestrogens are considered to exert estrogenic activity via estrogen receptors (ERs), but they may also affect estrogen synthesis and metabolism locally in breast, endometrial and ovarian tissues. Considering that accurate regulation of local hormone levels is crucial for normal physiology, it is not surprising that interference with hormonal synthesis and metabolism is associated with a wide variety of women's health problems, varying from altered menstrual cycle to hormone-dependent cancers. Yet, studies on phytoestrogens have mainly focused on ER-mediated effects of soy-derived phytoestrogens, with less attention paid to steroid synthesis and metabolism or other phytoestrogens. This review aims to evaluate the potential of phytoestrogens to modulate local estrogen levels and the implications for women's health. For that, an overview is provided of the effects of commonly used phytoestrogens, i.e. 8-prenylnaringenin, biochanin A, daidzein, genistein, naringenin, resveratrol and quercetin, on estrogen synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes in vitro. The potential implications for women's health are assessed by comparing the in vitro effect concentrations with blood concentrations that can be found after intake of these phytoestrogens. Based on this evaluation, it can be concluded that high-dose supplements with phytoestrogens might affect breast and endometrial health or fertility in women via the modulation of steroid hormone levels. However, more data regarding the tissue levels of phytoestrogens and effect data from dedicated, tissue-specific assays are needed for a better understanding of potential risks. At least until more certainty regarding the safety has been established, especially young women would better avoid using supplements containing high doses of phytoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majorie B M van Duursen
- Research group Endocrine Toxicology , Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Yalelaan 104 , 3584 CM , Utrecht , the Netherlands . ; Tel: +31 (0)30 253 5398
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25
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Lozinski O, Bennetau-Pelissero C, Shinkaruk S. The Synthetic and Biological Aspects of Prenylation as the Versatile Tool for Estrogenic Activity Modulation. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lozinski
- Chemistry Department; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; 01033 Kyiv Ukraine
- Univ. Bordeaux; Institut of Molecular Sciences, CNRS UMR 5255, F-; 33405 Talence France
| | | | - Svitlana Shinkaruk
- Univ. Bordeaux; Institut of Molecular Sciences, CNRS UMR 5255, F-; 33405 Talence France
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26
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Psoralidin, a prenylated coumestan, as a novel anti-osteoporosis candidate to enhance bone formation of osteoblasts and decrease bone resorption of osteoclasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 801:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Mukai R, Horikawa H, Lin PY, Tsukumo N, Nikawa T, Kawamura T, Nemoto H, Terao J. 8-Prenylnaringenin promotes recovery from immobilization-induced disuse muscle atrophy through activation of the Akt phosphorylation pathway in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1022-R1031. [PMID: 27629889 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00521.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is a prenylflavonoid that originates from hop extracts and is thought to help prevent disuse muscle atrophy. We hypothesized that 8-PN affects muscle plasticity by promoting muscle recovery under disuse muscle atrophy. To test the promoting effect of 8-PN on muscle recovery, we administered an 8-PN mixed diet to mice that had been immobilized with a cast to one leg for 14 days. Intake of the 8-PN mixed diet accelerated recovery from muscle atrophy, and prevented reductions in Akt phosphorylation. Studies on cell cultures of mouse myotubes in vitro demonstrated that 8-PN activated the PI3K/Akt/P70S6K1 pathway at physiological concentrations. A cell-culture study using an inhibitor of estrogen receptors and an in vivo experiment with ovariectomized mice suggested that the estrogenic activity of 8-PN contributed to recovery from disuse muscle atrophy through activation of an Akt phosphorylation pathway. These data strongly suggest that 8-PN is a naturally occurring compound that could be used as a nutritional supplement to aid recovery from disuse muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan;
| | - Hitomi Horikawa
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nao Tsukumo
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; and
| | - Tomoyuki Kawamura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisao Nemoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junji Terao
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Wang L, Wu Y, Chen Y, Zou J, Li X. Biotransformation of Resveratrol: New Prenylated trans-Resveratrol Synthesized by Aspergillus sp. SCSIOW2. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070883. [PMID: 27399656 PMCID: PMC6274042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arahypin-16 (1), a new prenylated resveratrol with a unique dihydrobenzofuran ring, has been isolated as a microbial metabolite of resveratrol (2) from whole-cell fermentation of Aspergillus sp. SCSIOW2. The stereochemistry of 1 was determined by ECD calculations. 1 showed about half of the extracellular radical scavenging effect (IC50 = 161.4 μM) compared with resveratrol (IC50 = 80.5 μM), while on biomembranes it exhibited the same range of protection effects against free radicals generated from AAPH (IC50 = 78.6 μM and 87.9 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yongtao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jiaxin Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Schmidt B, Riemer M, Schilde U. Tandem Claisen Rearrangement/6-endoCyclization Approach to Allylated and Prenylated Chromones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Martinez SE, Davies NM. Enantiospecific pharmacokinetics of isoxanthohumol and its metabolite 8-prenylnaringenin in the rat. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1674-89. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neal M. Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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31
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Biotransformations and biological activities of hop flavonoids. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1063-90. [PMID: 25708386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Female hop cones are used extensively in the brewing industry, but there is now increasing interest in possible uses of hops for non-brewing purposes, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Among pharmaceutically important compounds from hops are flavonoids, having proven anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and estrogenic effects. In this review we aim to present current knowledge on the biotransformation of flavonoids from hop cones with respect to products, catalysis and conversion. A list of microbial enzymatic reactions associated with gastrointestinal microbiota is presented. A comparative analysis of the biological activities of hop flavonoids and their biotransformation products is described, indicating where further research has potential for applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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32
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Keiler AM, Dörfelt P, Chatterjee N, Helle J, Bader MI, Vollmer G, Kretzschmar G, Kuhlee F, Thieme D, Zierau O. Assessment of the effects of naringenin-type flavanones in uterus and vagina. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:49-57. [PMID: 25305411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential utilization of plant secondary metabolites possessing estrogenic properties as alternatives to the classical hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the relief of postmenopausal complaints asks for an evaluation regarding the safety in reproductive organs. In order to contribute to the estimation of the safety profile of the flavanones naringenin (Nar), 8‑prenylnaringenin (8PN) and 6‑(1,1‑dimethylally) naringenin (6DMAN), we investigated uterus and vagina derived from a three‑day uterotrophic assay in rats. Also, we investigated the metabolite profile resulting from the incubation of the three substances with liver microsomes. While no metabolites were detectable for naringenin, hydroxylation products were observed for 8PN and 6DMAN after incubation with human as well as rat liver microsomes. The parent compound naringenin did not evoke any estrogenic responses in the investigated parameters. A significant increase of the uterine wet weight, uterine epithelial thickness and proliferating vaginal cells was observed in response to 8PN, questioning the safety of 8PN if applied in the human situation. In contrast, no estrogenic effects on the reproductive organs were observed for 6DMAN in the conducted study, rendering it the compound with a more promising safety profile, therefore justifying further investigations into its efficacy to alleviate postmenopausal discomforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathrin Martina Keiler
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Peggy Dörfelt
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Namita Chatterjee
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselear, NY, USA
| | - Janina Helle
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuela I Bader
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Kretzschmar
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Kuhlee
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Detlef Thieme
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry (IDAS), Kreischa, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Naringenin (NAR) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) reduce the developmental competence of porcine oocytes in vitro. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 49:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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van Breemen RB, Yuan Y, Banuvar S, Shulman LP, Qiu X, Alvarenga RFR, Chen SN, Dietz BM, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Krause E, Viana M, Nikolic D. Pharmacokinetics of prenylated hop phenols in women following oral administration of a standardized extract of hops. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1962-9. [PMID: 25045111 PMCID: PMC4265473 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Women seeking alternatives to hormone-replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms often try botanical dietary supplements containing extracts of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). Hops contain 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), a potent phytoestrogen, the related flavanones 6-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol (IX), and the prenylated chalcone xanthohumol (XN). METHODS AND RESULTS After chemically and biologically standardizing an extract of spent hops to these marker compounds, an escalating dose study was carried out in menopausal women to evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics. 8-PN, 6-prenylnaringenin, IX, and XN, sex hormones, and prothrombin time were determined in blood samples and/or 24 h urine samples. There was no effect on sex hormones or blood clotting. The maximum serum concentrations of the prenylated phenols were dose-dependent and were reached from 2 to 7 h, indicating slow absorption. The marker compounds formed glucuronides that were found in serum and urine. Secondary peaks at 5 h in the serum concentration-time curves indicated enterohepatic recirculation. The serum concentration-time curves indicated demethylation of IX to form 8-PN and cyclization of XN to IX. Slow absorption and enterohepatic recirculation contributed to half-lives exceeding 20 h. CONCLUSION This human study indicated long half-lives of the estrogenic and proestrogenic prenylated phenols in hops but no acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Yang Yuan
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | | | - Xi Qiu
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - René F. Ramos Alvarenga
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Birgit M. Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Judy L. Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Elizabeth Krause
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
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Zhai YK, Pan YL, Niu YB, Li CR, Wu XL, Fan WT, Lu TL, Mei QB, Xian CJ. The importance of the prenyl group in the activities of osthole in enhancing bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption in vitro. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:921954. [PMID: 25147567 PMCID: PMC4131490 DOI: 10.1155/2014/921954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis treatment always aimed at keeping the balance of bone formation and bone resorption. Recently, prenyl group in natural products has been proposed as an active group to enhance the osteogenesis process. Osthole has both the prenyl group and bone-protective activities, but the relationship is still unknown. In this study we found that osthole exerted a potent ability to promote proliferation and osteogenic function of rat bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, including improved cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, enhanced secretion of collagen-I, bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin and osteopontin, stimulated mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1, runt-related transcription factor-2, osterix, OPG (osteoprotegerin), RANKL (receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand), and the ratio of OPG/RANKL, as well as increasing the formation of mineralized nodules. However, 7-methoxycoumarin had no obvious effects. Osthole also inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption to a greater extent than 7-methoxycoumarin, as shown by a lower tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and lower number and smaller area of resorption pits. Our findings demonstrate that osthole could be a potential agent to stimulate bone formation and inhibit bone resorption, and the prenyl group plays an important role in these bone-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kun Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Ya-Lei Pan
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yin-Bo Niu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Chen-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xiang-Long Wu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Wu-Tu Fan
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Ting-Li Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Qi-Bing Mei
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qin Mountains, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Cory J. Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Solak KA, Wijnolts FMJ, Nijmeijer SM, Blaauboer BJ, van den Berg M, van Duursen MBM. Excessive levels of diverse phytoestrogens can modulate steroidogenesis and cell migration of KGN human granulosa-derived tumor cells. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:360-372. [PMID: 28962252 PMCID: PMC5598505 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived estrogen-like compounds that are increasingly used for their suggested health promoting properties, even by healthy, young women. However, scientific concerns exist regarding potential adverse effects on female reproduction. In this study, naringenin (NAR), 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), genistein (GEN), coumestrol (COU), quercetin (QUE) and resveratrol (RSV) up-regulated steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StaR) mRNA levels in KGN human granulosa-like tumor cells. Most of the phytoestrogens tested also increased CYP19A1 (aromatase) mRNA levels via activation of ovary-specific I.3 and II promoters. Yet, only NAR (3 and 10 μM), COU (10 and 30 μM) and QUE (10 μM) also statistically significantly induced aromatase activity in KGN cells after 24 h. 8-PN, aromatase inhibitor letrozole and estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 concentration-dependently inhibited aromatase activity with IC50 values of 8 nM, 10 nM and 72 nM, respectively. Co-exposure with ICI 182,780 (0.1 μM) statistically significantly attenuated the induction of aromatase activity by QUE and COU, but not NAR. Cell cycle status and proliferation of KGN cells were not affected by any of the phytoestrogens tested. Nonetheless, the migration of KGN cells was significantly reduced with approximately 30% by COU, RSV and QUE and 46% by GEN at 10 μM, but not NAR and 8-PN. Our results indicate that phytoestrogens can affect various pathways in granulosa-like cells in vitro at concentrations that can be found in plasma upon supplement intake. This implies that phytoestrogens may interfere with ovarian function and caution is in place regarding the use of supplements with high contents of phytoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila A Solak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona M J Wijnolts
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M Nijmeijer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas J Blaauboer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Majorie B M van Duursen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Martinez SE, Lakowski TM, Davies NM. Enantiospecific Analysis of 8-Prenylnaringenin in Biological Fluids by Liquid-Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Application to Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Investigations. Chirality 2014; 26:419-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ted M. Lakowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Neal M. Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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Krause E, Yuan Y, Hajirahimkhan A, Dong H, Dietz BM, Nikolic D, Pauli GF, Bolton JL, van Breemen RB. Biological and chemical standardization of a hop (Humulus lupulus) botanical dietary supplement. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:729-34. [PMID: 24861737 PMCID: PMC4240625 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Concerned about the safety of conventional estrogen replacement therapy, women are using botanical dietary supplements as alternatives for the management of menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes. Before botanical dietary supplements can be evaluated clinically for safety and efficacy, botanically authenticated and standardized forms are required. To address the demand for a standardized, estrogenic botanical dietary supplement, an extract of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) was developed. Although valued in the brewing of beer, hop extracts are used as anxiolytics and hypnotics and have well-established estrogenic constituents. Starting with a hop cultivar used in the brewing industry, spent hops (the residue remaining after extraction of bitter acids) were formulated into a botanical dietary supplement that was then chemically and biologically standardized. Biological standardization utilized the estrogen-dependent induction of alkaline phosphatase in the Ishikawa cell line. Chemical standardization was based on the prenylated phenols in hops that included estrogenic 8-prenylnaringenin, its isomer 6-prenylnaringenin, and pro-estrogenic isoxanthohumol and its isomeric chalcone xanthohumol, all of which were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The product of this process was a reproducible botanical extract suitable for subsequent investigations of safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Krause
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612-72312, USA
| | - Yang Yuan
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612-72312, USA
| | - Atieh Hajirahimkhan
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612-72312, USA
| | - Huali Dong
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612-72312, USA
| | - Birgit M. Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612-72312, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612-72312, USA
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612-72312, USA
| | - Judy L. Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612-72312, USA
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612-72312, USA
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Mukai R, Fujikura Y, Murota K, Uehara M, Minekawa S, Matsui N, Kawamura T, Nemoto H, Terao J. Prenylation enhances quercetin uptake and reduces efflux in Caco-2 cells and enhances tissue accumulation in mice fed long-term. J Nutr 2013; 143:1558-64. [PMID: 23902958 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.176818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenyl flavonoids are widely distributed in plant foods and have attracted appreciable attention in relation to their potential benefits for human health. Prenylation may enhance the biological functions of flavonoids by introducing hydrophobic properties in their basic structures. Previously, we found that 8-prenyl naringenin exerted a greater preventive effect on muscle atrophy than nonprenylated naringenin in a mouse model. Here, we aimed to estimate the effect of prenylation on the bioavailability of dietary quercetin (Q). The cellular uptake of 8-prenyl quercetin (PQ) and Q in Caco-2 cells and C2C12 myotube cells was examined. Prenylation significantly enhanced the cellular uptake by increasing the lipophilicity in both cell types. In Caco-2 cells, efflux of PQ to the basolateral side was <15% of that of Q, suggesting that prenylation attenuates transport from the intestine to the circulation. After intragastric administration of PQ or Q to mice or rats, the area under the concentration-time curve for PQ in plasma and lymph was 52.5% and 37.5% lower than that of Q, respectively. PQ and its O-methylated form (MePQ) accumulated at much higher amounts than Q and O-methylated Q in the liver (Q: 3400%; MePQ: 7570%) and kidney (Q: 385%; MePQ: 736%) of mice after 18 d of feeding. These data suggest that prenylation enhances the accumulation of Q in tissues during long-term feeding, even though prenylation per se lowers its intestinal absorption from the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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40
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Dietz BM, Hagos GK, Eskra JN, Wijewickrama GT, Anderson JR, Nikolic D, Guo J, Wright B, Chen SN, Pauli GF, van Breemen RB, Bolton JL. Differential regulation of detoxification enzymes in hepatic and mammary tissue by hops (Humulus lupulus) in vitro and in vivo. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1055-66. [PMID: 23512484 PMCID: PMC3864769 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Hops contain the phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin, and the cytoprotective compound, xanthohumol (XH). XH induces the detoxification enzyme, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in vitro; however, the tissue distribution of XH and 8-prenylnaringenin and their tissue-specific activity have not been analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS An orally administered hop extract and subcutaneously injected XH were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats over 4 days. LC-MS-MS analysis of plasma, liver, and mammary gland revealed that XH accumulated in liver and mammary glands. Compared with the low level in the original extract, 8-prenylnaringenin was enriched in the tissues. Hops and XH-induced NQO1 in the liver, while only hops reduced NQO1 activity in the mammary gland. Mechanistic studies revealed that hops modulated NQO1 through three mechanisms. In liver cells, (i) XH modified Kelch-like ECH-associated protein leading to nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) translocation and antioxidant response element (ARE) activation; (ii) hop-mediated ARE induction was partially mediated through phosphorylation of Nrf2 by PKC; (iii) in breast cells, 8-prenylnaringenin reduced NQO1 likely through binding to estrogen receptorα, recruiting Nrf2, and downregulating ARE-regulated genes. CONCLUSION XH and 8-prenylnaringenin in dietary hops are bioavailable to the target tissues. While hops and XH might be cytoprotective in the liver, 8-prenylnaringenin seems responsible for hop-mediated NQO1 reduction in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Quifer-Rada P, Martínez-Huélamo M, Jáuregui O, Chiva-Blanch G, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Analytical Condition Setting a Crucial Step in the Quantification of Unstable Polyphenols in Acidic Conditions: Analyzing Prenylflavanoids in Biological Samples by Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Triple Quadruple Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5547-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4007733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quifer-Rada
- Department of Nutrition and
Food Science-XARTA-INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity
and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | - Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- Department of Nutrition and
Food Science-XARTA-INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity
and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | - Olga Jáuregui
- Scientific and Technological Center of University of Barcelona (CCiTUB), Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity
and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
- Department of Internal
Medicine,
Hospital Clinic, Institute of Biomedical Investigation August Pi i
Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity
and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
- Department of Internal
Medicine,
Hospital Clinic, Institute of Biomedical Investigation August Pi i
Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition and
Food Science-XARTA-INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity
and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
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Phytoestrogens in menopausal supplements induce ER-dependent cell proliferation and overcome breast cancer treatment in an in vitro breast cancer model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:132-40. [PMID: 23541764 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment by the aromatase inhibitor Letrozole (LET) or Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Tamoxifen (TAM) can result in the onset of menopausal symptoms. Women often try to relieve these symptoms by taking menopausal supplements containing high levels of phytoestrogens. However, little is known about the potential interaction between these supplements and breast cancer treatment, especially aromatase inhibitors. In this study, interaction of phytoestrogens with the estrogen receptor alpha and TAM action was determined in an ER-reporter gene assay (BG1Luc4E2 cells) and human breast epithelial tumor cells (MCF-7). Potential interactions with aromatase activity and LET were determined in human adrenocorticocarcinoma H295R cells. We also used the previously described H295R/MCF-7 co-culture model to study interactions with steroidogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. In this model, genistein (GEN), 8-prenylnaringenin (8PN) and four commercially available menopausal supplements all induced ER-dependent tumor cell proliferation, which could not be prevented by physiologically relevant LET and 4OH-TAM concentrations. Differences in relative effect potencies between the H295R/MCF-7 co-culture model and ER-activation in BG1Luc4E2 cells, were due to the effects of the phytoestrogens on steroidogenesis. All tested supplements and GEN induced aromatase activity, while 8PN was a strong aromatase inhibitor. Steroidogenic profiles upon GEN and 8PN exposure indicated a strong inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis in H295R cells and H295R/MCF-7 co-cultures. Based on our in vitro data we suggest that menopausal supplement intake during breast cancer treatment should better be avoided, at least until more certainty regarding the safety of supplemental use in breast cancer patients can be provided.
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Nikolić D, van Breemen RB. Analytical methods for quantitation of prenylated flavonoids from hops. CURR ANAL CHEM 2013; 9:71-85. [PMID: 24077106 PMCID: PMC3783999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The female flowers of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are used as a flavoring agent in the brewing industry. There is growing interest in possible health benefits of hops, particularly as estrogenic and chemopreventive agents. Among the possible active constituents, most of the attention has focused on prenylated flavonoids, which can chemically be classified as prenylated chalcones and prenylated flavanones. Among chalcones, xanthohumol (XN) and desmethylxanthohumol (DMX) have been the most studied, while among flavanones, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) and 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN) have received the most attention. Because of the interest in medicinal properties of prenylated flavonoids, there is demand for accurate, reproducible and sensitive analytical methods to quantify these compounds in various matrices. Such methods are needed, for example, for quality control and standardization of hop extracts, measurement of the content of prenylated flavonoids in beer, and to determine pharmacokinetic properties of prenylated flavonoids in animals and humans. This review summarizes currently available analytical methods for quantitative analysis of the major prenylated flavonoids, with an emphasis on the LC-MS and LC-MS-MS methods and their recent applications to biomedical research on hops. This review covers all methods in which prenylated flavonoids have been measured, either as the primary analytes or as a part of a larger group of analytes. The review also discusses methodological issues relating to the quantitative analysis of these compounds regardless of the chosen analytical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Nikolić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
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Nazreen S, Kaur G, Alam MM, Shafi S, Hamid H, Ali M, Alam MS. New flavones with antidiabetic activity from Callistemon lanceolatus DC. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1623-7. [PMID: 22999989 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Callistemon lanceolatus DC (Myrtaceae) led to the isolation of two new flavones characterized as 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl- 4' -methoxy flavone (1) and 8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methyl-4'-methoxy flavone (2) along with the seven known phytoconstituents. The structures of new compounds have been established on the basis of chemical and spectral studies and known compounds were compared with the published literature data. The isolated flavones exhibited blood glucose lowering effect in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi-110062, India
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45
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Prevention of disuse muscle atrophy by dietary ingestion of 8-prenylnaringenin in denervated mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45048. [PMID: 23028754 PMCID: PMC3446978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have attracted considerable attention in relation to their effects upon health. 8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is found in the common hop (Humulus lupulus) and assumed to be responsible for the health impact of beer consumption. We wanted to clarify the effects of prenylation on the physiological functions of dietary flavonoids by comparing the effects of 8-PN with that of intact naringenin in the prevention of disuse muscle atrophy using a model of denervation in mice. Consumption of 8-PN (but not naringenin) prevented loss of weight in the gastrocnemius muscle further supported by the lack of induction of the protein content of a key ubiquitin ligase involved in muscle atrophy, atrogin-1, and by the activation of Akt phosphorylation. 8-PN content in the gastrocnemius muscle was tenfold higher than that of naringenin. These results suggested that, compared with naringenin, 8-PN was effectively concentrated into skeletal muscle to exert its preventive effects upon disuse muscle atrophy. It is likely that prenylation generates novel functions for 8-PN by enhancing its accumulation into muscle tissue through dietary intake.
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46
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Bartmańska A, Tronina T, Huszcza E. Transformation of 8-prenylnaringenin by Absidia coerulea and Beauveria bassiana. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6451-3. [PMID: 22975300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana AM278 and Absidia coerulea AM93 converted 8-prenylnaringenin (1) into two glycoside derivatives (7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) (2) and 7-O-β-D-4'''-O-methylglucopyranoside) (3) in high yields in processes conducted in Saboraud medium. 8-Prenylnaringenin 7-O-β-D-4'''-O-methylglucopyranoside (3) is a new compound. 8-Prenylnaringenin-7-sulfate (4) was obtained in transformation of 1 by Absidia coerulea AM93 in a buffer. Formation of conjugated products in this study proceeds in a manner analogous to mammalian systems which indicates the potential use of microbes to mimic mammalian metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bartmańska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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Chen CN, Hsiao CJ, Lee SS, Guh JH, Chiang PC, Huang CC, Huang WJ. Chemical modification and anticancer effect of prenylated flavanones from Taiwanese propolis. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:116-24. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.535146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Nan Chen
- a NatureWise Biotech & Medicals Corporation , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Che-Jen Hsiao
- b School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Shoei-Sheng Lee
- b School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Jih-Hwa Guh
- b School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Chiang
- b School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Huang
- c Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110 , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- c Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110 , Taiwan
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Negrão R, Costa R, Duarte D, Taveira Gomes T, Mendanha M, Moura L, Vasques L, Azevedo I, Soares R. Angiogenesis and inflammation signaling are targets of beer polyphenols on vascular cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:1270-9. [PMID: 20803553 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that chronic inflammation and oxidative stress cluster together with angiogenic imbalance in a wide range of pathologies. In general, natural polyphenols present health-protective properties, which are likely attributed to their effect on oxidative stress and inflammation. Hops used in beer production are a source of polyphenols such as xanthohumol (XN), and its metabolites isoxanthohumol (IXN) and phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8PN). Our study aimed to evaluate XN, IXN, and 8PN effects on angiogenesis and inflammation processes. Opposite in vitro effects were observed between 8PN, stimulating endothelial and smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth, motility, invasion and capillary-like structures formation, and XN and IXN, which inhibited them. Mouse matrigel plug and rat skin wound-healing assays confirmed that XN and IXN treatments reduced vessel number as well as serum macrophage enzymatic activity, whereas 8PN increased blood vessels formation in both assays and enzyme activity in the wound-healing assay. A similar profile was found for serum inflammatory interleukin-1β quantification, in the wound-healing assay. Our data indicate that whereas 8PN stimulates angiogenesis, XN and IXN manifested anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects in identical conditions. These findings suggest that the effects observed for individual compounds on vascular wall cells must be carefully taken into account, as these polyphenols are metabolized after in vivo administration. The modulation of SMC proliferation and migration is also of special relevance, given the role of these cells in many pathological conditions. Furthermore, these results may provide clues for developing useful therapeutic agents against inflammation- and angiogenesis-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Negrão
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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Bolca S, Li J, Nikolic D, Roche N, Blondeel P, Possemiers S, De Keukeleire D, Bracke M, Heyerick A, van Breemen RB, Depypere H. Disposition of hop prenylflavonoids in human breast tissue. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54 Suppl 2:S284-94. [PMID: 20486208 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hop-derived products may contain xanthohumol (XN), isoxanthohumol (IX), and the potent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN). To evaluate the potential health effects of these prenylflavonoids on breast tissue, their concentration, nature of metabolites, and biodistribution were assessed and compared with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) exposure. In this dietary intervention study, women were randomly allocated to hop (n=11; 2.04 mg XN, 1.20 mg IX, and 0.1 mg 8-PN per supplement) or control (n=10). After a run-in of >or=4 days, three supplements were taken daily for 5 days preceding an aesthetic breast reduction. Blood and breast biopsies were analyzed using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Upon hop administration, XN and IX concentrations ranged between 0.72 and 17.65 nmol/L and 3.30 and 31.50 nmol/L, and between 0.26 and 5.14 pmol/g and 1.16 and 83.67 pmol/g in hydrolyzed serum and breast tissue, respectively. 8-PN however, was only detected in samples of moderate and strong 8-PN producers (0.43-7.06 nmol/L and 0.78-4.83 pmol/g). Phase I metabolism appeared to be minor (approximately 10%), whereas extensive glucuronidation was observed (> 90%). Total prenylflavonoids showed a breast adipose/glandular tissue distribution of 38/62 and their derived E(2)-equivalents were negligible compared with E(2) in adipose (384.6+/-118.8 fmol/g, p=0.009) and glandular (241.6+/-93.1 fmol/g, p<0.001) tissue, respectively. Consequently, low doses of prenylflavonoids are unlikely to elicit estrogenic responses in breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Bolca
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University-UGent, Belgium
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Mazaro-Costa R, Andersen ML, Hachul H, Tufik S. Medicinal Plants as Alternative Treatments for Female Sexual Dysfunction: Utopian Vision or Possible Treatment in Climacteric Women? J Sex Med 2010; 7:3695-714. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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