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Litovkina A, Byazrova M, Smolnikov E, Nikonova A, Elisyutina O, Fedenko E, Ilina N, Akinfenwa O, Campana R, Kudlay D, Valenta R, Khaitov M. Allergic sensitization to Mal d 1 without detectable specific serum IgE. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13891. [PMID: 36564883 PMCID: PMC10107674 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla Litovkina
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Byazrova
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii Smolnikov
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Nikonova
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Elisyutina
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Fedenko
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya Ilina
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oluwatoyin Akinfenwa
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Musa Khaitov
- National Research Center, Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Dorofeeva Y, Colombo P, Blanca M, Mari A, Khanferyan R, Valenta R, Focke-Tejkl M. Expression and characterization of recombinant Par j 1 and Par j 2 resembling the allergenic epitopes of Parietaria judaica pollen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15043. [PMID: 31636285 PMCID: PMC6803649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The weed wall pellitory, Parietaria judaica, is one the most important pollen allergen sources in the Mediterranean area causing severe symptoms of hay fever and asthma in allergic patients. We report the expression of the major Parietaria allergens, Par j 1 and Par j 2 which belong to the family of lipid transfer proteins, in insect cells. According to circular dichroism analysis and gel filtration, the purified allergens represented folded and monomeric proteins. Insect cell-expressed, folded Par j 2 exhibited higher IgE binding capacity and more than 100-fold higher allergenic activity than unfolded Escherichia coli-expressed Par j 2 as demonstrated by IgE ELISA and basophil activation testing. IgE ELISA inhibition assays showed that Par j 1 and Par j 2, contain genuine and cross-reactive IgE epitopes. IgG antibodies induced by immunization with Par j 2 inhibited binding of allergic patients IgE to Par j 1 only partially. IgE inhibition experiments demonstrated that insect cell-expressed Par j 1 and Par j 2 together resembled the majority of allergenic epitopes of the Parietaria allergome and therefore both should be used for molecular diagnosis and the design of vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy of Parietaria allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Dorofeeva
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Mari
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology, Rome, Italy
| | - Roman Khanferyan
- Russian People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Wagner N, Rudert M. Sensitivity and specificity of standardised allergen extracts in skin prick test for diagnoses of IgE-mediated respiratory allergies. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9:8. [PMID: 30820315 PMCID: PMC6378716 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-019-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin prick tests (SPTs) are essential for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy and are influenced by extract quality, biological potency and concentration of allergen. Methods In this open multicentre study 431 patients, aged 18-64 years were enrolled. Patients had a history of IgE-mediated allergy and a sensitisation (previous positive SPT of any manufacturer) against at least one of the investigated allergens: 6-grass pollen, house dust mite, birch and mugwort pollen. In our study, these allergens were tested in five concentrations each. To establish the optimal trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was estimated by comparing the outcome of the SPT with three methods referred to as 'reference methods' (specific IgE, clinical case history and a previous SPT). Results For all allergens and reference methods, the area under the ROC curves were highly significant (p < 0.001). Specific IgE reference method resulted in the largest area under the curve (AUC) for all allergens (0.80-0.90) followed by previous SPT (0.70-0.87) and case history (0.65-0.74). Sensitivity of SPT increased with increasing concentration and specificity decreased. For all allergens, compared to specific IgE, the highest sensitivity (specificity at least 80%) was observed for the SPT solution of 50,000 Standardised Units (SU)/mL (grass pollen, birch pollen, house dust mite and mugwort). Conclusion In this study, with a large number of patients, it was demonstrated that clinical case history, previous SPT and specific IgE measurement could all be used as reference methods for the assessment of sensitivity/specificity of SPT solutions. The comparison of SPT with specific IgE resulted in the largest AUC. The highest sensitivity was observed for the SPT solution of 50,000 SU/mL.Trial registration EudraCT: 2006-005304-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Rudert
- 2Allergopharma GmbH & Co. KG, Hermann-Körner-Str. 52, 21465 Reinbek, Germany
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Wise SK, Lin SY, Toskala E, Orlandi RR, Akdis CA, Alt JA, Azar A, Baroody FM, Bachert C, Canonica GW, Chacko T, Cingi C, Ciprandi G, Corey J, Cox LS, Creticos PS, Custovic A, Damask C, DeConde A, DelGaudio JM, Ebert CS, Eloy JA, Flanagan CE, Fokkens WJ, Franzese C, Gosepath J, Halderman A, Hamilton RG, Hoffman HJ, Hohlfeld JM, Houser SM, Hwang PH, Incorvaia C, Jarvis D, Khalid AN, Kilpeläinen M, Kingdom TT, Krouse H, Larenas-Linnemann D, Laury AM, Lee SE, Levy JM, Luong AU, Marple BF, McCoul ED, McMains KC, Melén E, Mims JW, Moscato G, Mullol J, Nelson HS, Patadia M, Pawankar R, Pfaar O, Platt MP, Reisacher W, Rondón C, Rudmik L, Ryan M, Sastre J, Schlosser RJ, Settipane RA, Sharma HP, Sheikh A, Smith TL, Tantilipikorn P, Tversky JR, Veling MC, Wang DY, Westman M, Wickman M, Zacharek M. International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:108-352. [PMID: 29438602 PMCID: PMC7286723 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR) literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this knowledge to clinical care of the AR patient. To evaluate the existing AR literature, international multidisciplinary experts with an interest in AR have produced the International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR:AR). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to AR. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) format as dictated by available evidence and purpose within the ICAR:AR document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:AR document was synthesized and reviewed by all authors for consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:AR document addresses over 100 individual topics related to AR, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, disease burden, risk factors for the development of AR, allergy testing modalities, treatment, and other conditions/comorbidities associated with AR. CONCLUSION This critical review of the AR literature has identified several strengths; providers can be confident that treatment decisions are supported by rigorous studies. However, there are also substantial gaps in the AR literature. These knowledge gaps should be viewed as opportunities for improvement, as often the things that we teach and the medicine that we practice are not based on the best quality evidence. This document aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the AR literature to identify areas for future AR research and improved understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Allergy/Asthma, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Switzerland
| | | | - Antoine Azar
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cemal Cingi
- Otolaryngology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam DeConde
- Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Gosepath
- Otorhinolaryngology, Helios Kliniken Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jens M. Hohlfeld
- Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Airway Research Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, German Center for Lung Research, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amber U. Luong
- Otolaryngology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erik Melén
- Pediatric Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | | | - Joaquim Mullol
- Otolaryngology, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Pfaar
- Rhinology/Allergy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | - Carmen Rondón
- Allergy, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Spain
| | - Luke Rudmik
- Otolaryngology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern, USA
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiminez Diaz, Spain
| | | | | | - Hemant P. Sharma
- Allergy/Immunology, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - De Yun Wang
- Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Kleine-Tebbe J, Hamilton RG. Cashew allergy, 2S albumins, and risk predictions based on IgE antibody levels. Allergy 2017; 72:515-518. [PMID: 27859359 DOI: 10.1111/all.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Kleine-Tebbe
- Allergy & Asthma Center Westend; Outpatient Clinic Hanf; Ackermann & Kleine-Tebbe; Berlin Germany
| | - R. G. Hamilton
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
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Kleine-Tebbe J, Matricardi PM, Hamilton RG. Allergy Work-Up Including Component-Resolved Diagnosis: How to Make Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy More Specific. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2016; 36:191-203. [PMID: 26617235 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms are recorded by obtaining a clinical history. Allergen sensitization is demonstrated by skin prick test or allergen-specific IgE serology. IgE sensitizations to allergen sources can be identified knowing the relationship between major aeroallergens and homologous allergen families. Some develop allergic sensitization to pan-allergens. Allergen extracts do not allow definitive separation of the sources. IgE antibody analysis of the major allergenic molecules facilitates differentiation of sensitizing allergen sources. IgE sensitizations to inhalant allergens are only relevant in the case of corresponding symptoms. In questionable cases, conjunctival or nasal provocation tests help induce confirmatory symptoms and identify relevant allergens for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kleine-Tebbe
- Allergy & Asthma Center Westend, Outpatient Clinic Hanf, Ackermann & Kleine-Tebbe, Spandauer Damm 130, Haus 9, Berlin D-14050, Germany.
| | - Paolo M Matricardi
- AG Molecular Allergology and Immunomodulation, Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Medical University, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin D-13353, Germany
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Johns Hopkins Dermatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Reference Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Room 1A20, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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7
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Valenta R, Wollmann E. Bedeutung rekombinanter Allergene und Allergenderivate. ALLERGOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Molekulare Allergiediagnostik mit IgE-Einzelbestimmungen: methodische und praktische Aspekte für die Anwendung im klinischen Alltag. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-015-0898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kleine-Tebbe J, Jakob T. Molecular allergy diagnostics using IgE singleplex determinations: methodological and practical considerations for use in clinical routine: Part 18 of the Series Molecular Allergology. ALLERGO JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 2015; 24:185-197. [PMID: 27069839 PMCID: PMC4792337 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-015-0067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergen molecules (synonyms: single allergens, allergen components) open up new horizons for the targeted allergen-specific diagnostics of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in singleplex determination. The following rationales support the targeted use of allergen molecules and, more importantly, improve test properties: (1) increased test sensitivity ("analytical sensitivity"), particularly when important allergens are under-represented or lacking in the extract; (2) improved test selectivity (analytical specificity), particularly when the selected IgE repertoire against an allergen yields additional information on: (a) potential risk, (b) possible cross-reactivity, or (c) primary (species-specific) sensitization. However, the appropriate indication for the use of single allergens can only be established on a case-by-case basis (depending on the clinical context and previous history) and in an allergen-specific manner (depending on the allergen source and the single allergens available), rather than in a standardized way. Numerous investigations on suspected food allergy, insect venom allergy, or sensitization to respiratory allergens have meanwhile demonstrated the successful use of defined molecules for allergen-specific singleplex IgE diagnosis. Specific IgE to single allergens is limited in its suitability to predict the clinical relevance of sensitivity on an individual basis. In food allergies, one can at best identify the relative risk of a clinical reaction on the basis of an IgE profile, but no absolutely reliable prediction on (future) tolerance can be made. Ultimately, the clinical relevance of all IgE findings depends on the presence of corresponding symptoms and can only be assessed on an individual basis (previous history, symptom log, and provocation testing with the relevant allergen source where appropriate). Thus, also in molecular allergology, the treating physician and not the test result should determine the clinical relevance of diagnostic findings. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s40629-015-0067-z and is accessible for authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kleine-Tebbe
- />Allergy & Asthma Center Westend, Outpatient Clinic Hanf, Ackermann & Kleine-Tebbe, Spandauer Damm 130, Haus 9, 14050 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thilo Jakob
- />Allergy Department and Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany, Berlin, Germany
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Niederberger V, Eckl-Dorna J, Pauli G. Recombinant allergen-based provocation testing. Methods 2014; 66:96-105. [PMID: 23920475 PMCID: PMC3988965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 25 years, recombinant allergens from all important allergen sources have been cloned and are now available as recombinant proteins. These molecules can be produced in practically unlimited amounts without biological or batch-to-batch variability. It has been shown in provocation tests that recombinant allergens have similar clinical effects as their natural counterparts. With the help of these tools it is possible to reveal the precise reactivity profiles of patients and to uncover and differentiate cross-reactivity from genuine sensitization to an allergen source. Although it has been shown some time ago that it would be possible to replace crude allergen extracts with recombinant allergens for skin prick testing, and even though the use of allergen components can improve routine diagnosis, these tools are still not available for clinical routine applications. The use of provocation tests is a crucial step in the development of new, hypoallergenic vaccines for therapy of allergic disease. Here we describe important provocation methods (skin prick test, intradermal test, atopy patch test, nasal provocation, colonoscopic provocation test) and give an overview of the clinical provocation studies which have been performed with recombinant allergens so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Van Overtvelt L, Baron-Bodo V, Horiot S, Moussu H, Ricarte C, Horak F, Zieglmayer P, Zieglmayer R, Montagut A, Galvain S, de Beaumont O, Le Gall M, Moingeon P. Changes in basophil activation during grass-pollen sublingual immunotherapy do not correlate with clinical efficacy. Allergy 2011; 66:1530-7. [PMID: 21883279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers predicting the safety and efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) remain to be established. METHODS Eighty-nine patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to grass pollen received either a placebo or five-grass-pollen daily tablet sublingually for 4 months. Following exposure in an allergen challenge chamber, clinical responders and nonresponders were identified individually by evaluating their rhinoconjunctivitis total symptom score (RTSS). Activation of peripheral blood basophils was measured by cytofluorometry before and after 2 or 4 months of immunotherapy, based on CD203c surface expression following allergen stimulation. RESULTS Patients receiving the grass-pollen tablet had a relative mean improvement of 29.3% vs placebo in the average RTSS after 4 months of SLIT (P < 0.0003). No significant changes in basophil activation were noticed after 2 or 4 months of SLIT despite induction of specific IgGs. Among individual clinical responders, basophil activation was either decreased, increased, or unmodified during SLIT. Levels of basophil activation prior to immunotherapy were not predictive of local adverse reactions associated with immunotherapy. A moderate association was found between basophil activation and allergen-specific IgE levels, skin reactivity, or RTSS, suggesting that the former is, to some extent, indicative of disease severity. As such, patients with the highest level of basophil activation before treatment were more likely to benefit clinically from SLIT. CONCLUSIONS Allergen reactivity of peripheral blood basophils is not a biomarker for adverse events or early onset of clinical responses to SLIT.
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Resch Y, Weghofer M, Seiberler S, Horak F, Scheiblhofer S, Linhart B, Swoboda I, Thomas WR, Thalhamer J, Valenta R, Vrtala S. Molecular characterization of Der p 10: a diagnostic marker for broad sensitization in house dust mite allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1468-77. [PMID: 21711470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropomyosins represent clinically relevant seafood allergens but the role of mite tropomyosin, Der p 10, in house dust mite (HDM) allergy has not been studied in detail. OBJECTIVE To express and purify a recombinant Der p 10 with equivalent IgE reactivity as natural Der p 10 and to evaluate its IgE reactivity and allergenic activity in HDM-allergic patients. METHODS rDer p 10 was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism. It was tested for IgE reactivity in 1322 HDM-allergic patients. Detailed IgE-reactivity profiles to six HDM allergens (Der p 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 21) were established for subgroups of Der p 10-positive and -negative patients. The allergenic activity of rDer p 10 was evaluated in basophil degranulation experiments. RESULTS rDer p 10 is an α-helical protein sharing IgE epitopes with nDer p 10. It is recognized by 15.2% of HDM-allergic patients. Der p 10-negative patients were primarily sensitized to Der p 1 and/or Der p 2, whereas Der p 10-positive patients reacted to several other HDM allergens besides the major allergens (Der p 1, Der p 2) or showed a rather selective Der p 10 reactivity. The allergenic activity of Der p 10 was generally low but patients could be identified who suffered from clinically relevant HDM allergy due to Der p 10 sensitization. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Der p 10 may be a diagnostic marker for HDM-allergic patients with additional sensitization to allergens other than Der p 1 and Der p 2. Such patients may require attention when allergen-specific immunotherapy is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Resch
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaAllergy Centre Vienna West, Vienna, Austria
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Kobayashi R, Ikemoto T, Seo M, Satoh M, Inagaki N, Nagai H, Nagase H. Enhancement of immediate allergic reactions by trichloroethylene ingestion via drinking water in mice. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 35:699-707. [PMID: 20930464 DOI: 10.2131/jts.35.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic disorders is increasing in industrial areas and countries. Recent reports suggest that some environmental pollutants are related to the increase in allergic diseases, and we reported that trichloroethylene (TCE) is a candidate chemical for causing the increase of allergic diseases, as TCE ingestion is associated with allergic reaction enhancement. TCE is widely used in many industries, and it is commonly detected as an environmental contaminant. This study aimed to clarify the immunotoxicity of TCE in detail. BALB/c mice were treated with TCE dissolved in drinking water for 2 and 4 weeks, and the mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA)/aluminum hydroxide (alum) twice. On the final day of the TCE exposure period, we measured the active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) reaction and the antigen- specific IgE level in serum as well as the histamine level at the allergic reaction site and assayed the proliferation rates of splenocytes collected from the animals. The ACA reaction was enhanced by TCE ingestion. The OVA specific IgE level in mice was enhanced by TCE exposure for 4 weeks. The proliferation rate of the splenocytes was enhanced by TCE ingestion for 2 and 4 weeks. The enhancement of the ACA reaction by TCE ingestion via drinking water may be related to the increase in splenocyte proliferation. On the other hand, it may be weakly related to antigen-specific IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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15
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Visualization of clustered IgE epitopes on α-lactalbumin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:1279-1285.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Valenta R, Ferreira F, Focke-Tejkl M, Linhart B, Niederberger V, Swoboda I, Vrtala S. From allergen genes to allergy vaccines. Annu Rev Immunol 2010; 28:211-41. [PMID: 20192803 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
IgE-mediated allergy is a hypersensitivity disease affecting more than 25% of the population. The structures of the most common allergens have been revealed through molecular cloning technology in the past two decades. On the basis of this knowledge of the sequences and three-dimensional structures of culprit allergens, investigators can now analyze the immune recognition of allergens and the mechanisms of allergic inflammation in allergic patients. Allergy vaccines have been constructed that are able to selectively target the aberrant immune responses in allergic patients via different pathways of the immune system. Here we review various types of allergy vaccines that have been developed based on allergen structures, results from their clinical application in allergic patients, and future strategies for allergen-specific immunotherapy and allergy prophylaxis.
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Schulmeister U, Hochwallner H, Swoboda I, Focke-Tejkl M, Geller B, Nystrand M, Härlin A, Thalhamer J, Scheiblhofer S, Keller W, Niggemann B, Quirce S, Ebner C, Mari A, Pauli G, Herz U, Valenta R, Spitzauer S. Cloning, expression, and mapping of allergenic determinants of alphaS1-casein, a major cow's milk allergen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7019-29. [PMID: 19454699 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0712366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk is one of the first components introduced into human diet. It also represents one of the first allergen sources, which induces IgE-mediated allergies in childhood ranging from gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory manifestations to severe life-threatening manifestations, such as anaphylaxis. Here we isolated a cDNA coding for a major cow's milk allergen, alphaS1-casein, from a bovine mammary gland cDNA library with allergic patients' IgE Abs. Recombinant alphaS1-casein was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized by circular dichroism as a folded protein. IgE epitopes of alphaS1-casein were determined with recombinant fragments and synthetic peptides spanning the alphaS1-casein sequence using microarrayed components and sera from 66 cow's milk-sensitized patients. The allergenic activity of ralphaS1-casein and the alphaS1-casein-derived peptides was determined using rat basophil leukemia cells transfected with human FcepsilonRI, which had been loaded with the patients' serum IgE. Our results demonstrate that ralphaS1-casein as well as alphaS1-casein-derived peptides exhibit IgE reactivity, but mainly the intact ralphaS1-casein induced strong basophil degranulation. These results suggest that primarily intact alphaS1-casein or larger IgE-reactive portions thereof are responsible for IgE-mediated symptoms of food allergy. Recombinant alphaS1-casein as well as alphaS1-casein-derived peptides may be used in clinical studies to further explore pathomechanisms of food allergy as well as for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for milk allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schulmeister
- Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Miyoshi-Higashino M, Hirano M, Ogita-Nakanishi H, Yamamoto-Kimoto Y, Sakurai K, Tashiro-Yamaji J, Nomi H, Takahashi T, Miura-Takeda S, Takenaka H, Kubota T, Yoshida R. IL-4-dependent induction of IgE+basophils in peripheral blood and IgE+B cells in spleen as respective indicators of allergen sensitization and a precursor of cells secreting allergen-specific IgE antibody. Microbiol Immunol 2009; 53:30-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Goodman RE. Performing IgE serum testing due to bioinformatics matches in the allergenicity assessment of GM crops. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46 Suppl 10:S24-34. [PMID: 18715545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteins introduced into genetically modified (GM) organisms through genetic engineering must be evaluated for their potential to cause allergic disease under various national laws and regulations. The Codex Alimentarius Commission guidance document (2003) calls for testing of serum IgE binding to the introduced protein if the gene was from an allergenic source, or the sequence of the transferred protein has >35% identity in any segment of 80 or more amino acids to a known allergen or shares significant short amino acid identities. The Codex guidance recognized that the assessment will evolve based on new scientific knowledge. Arguably, the current criteria are too conservative as discussed in this paper and they do not provide practical guidance on serum testing. The goals of this paper are: (1) to summarize evidence supporting the level of identity that indicates potential risk of cross-reactivity for those with existing allergies; (2) to provide example bioinformatics results and discuss their interpretation using published examples of proteins expressed in transgenic crops; and (3) to discuss key factors of experimental design and methodology for serum IgE tests to minimize the rate of false negative and false positive identification of potential allergens and cross-reactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Goodman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, 143 Food Industry Complex, Lincoln, USA.
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20
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Monitoring of basophil sensitization to antigens of the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis felis): a new tool for the diagnosis of feline flea bite hypersensitivity? Parasitol Res 2008; 103:807-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Bernstein IL, Li JT, Bernstein DI, Hamilton R, Spector SL, Tan R, Sicherer S, Golden DBK, Khan DA, Nicklas RA, Portnoy JM, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Lang DM, Oppenheimer J, Randolph CC, Schuller DE, Tilles SA, Wallace DV, Levetin E, Weber R. Allergy diagnostic testing: an updated practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008; 100:S1-148. [PMID: 18431959 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Westritschnig K, Horak F, Swoboda I, Balic N, Spitzauer S, Kundi M, Fiebig H, Suck R, Cromwell O, Valenta R. Different allergenic activity of grass pollen allergens revealed by skin testing. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:260-7. [PMID: 18339006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grass pollen is one of the most important allergen sources. The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo allergenic activity of two recently characterized major grass pollen allergens, Phl p 4 and Phl p 13, with three established major grass pollen allergens, Phl p 1, Phl p 2 and Phl p 5 as a basis for the formulation of a grass pollen allergy vaccine based on purified allergens. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty-two grass pollen allergic patients were skin prick tested with serial dilutions of approximately equimolar concentrations of the purified allergens in a double-blind study. RESULTS Phl p 4 and Phl p 13 were identified as major grass pollen allergens according to IgE binding frequency (Phl p 4: 85%; Phl p 13: 56%), but exhibited a five to nine-fold lower allergenic skin reactivity compared to Phl p 1, Phl p 2 or Phl p 5. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Phl p 4 and Phl p 13 are not essential components for a therapeutic grass pollen vaccine and underpin the importance of evaluating the in vivo allergenic activity of individual allergens for the formulation of therapeutic vaccines based on purified allergens.
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23
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Bodinier M, Brossard C, Triballeau S, Morisset M, Guérin-Marchand C, Pineau F, de Coppet P, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Blank U, Denery-Papini S. Evaluation of an in vitro mast cell degranulation test in the context of food allergy to wheat. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 146:307-20. [PMID: 18367844 DOI: 10.1159/000121465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigenic profiles obtained by ELISA with IgE from patients with wheat food allergy (WFA) established that major allergens are albumins/globulins (AG) for children suffering from atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS), omega5-gliadins for adults suffering from wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA), anaphylaxis or urticaria and low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits for patients with anaphylaxis. We aimed to characterize a new mast cell transfectant for its ability to degranulate with wheat proteins and patient sera and compare these results to those obtained by ELISA. METHODS Thirty sera from patients with WFA were tested: 14 with AEDS (group 1) and 16 with WDEIA, anaphylaxis or urticaria (group 2). An IgE Fc receptor (FcepsilonRI) humanized rat RBL-2H3 line was established by transfection with cDNAs encoding alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunits for the human IgE receptor. RESULTS A humanized RBL clone was selected for its capacity to express mRNA alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunits of FcepsilonRI, to bind allergen-specific human IgE and to degranulate. In group 1, sera induced enhanced degranulation with AG extract, but rarely reacted with gliadins and glutenins. In group 2, half of the sera showed degranulation with LMW glutenins whereas the AG fraction and lipid transfer proteins were rarely positive. omega5-Gliadins did not appear as a major allergen in degranulation assays, although functional allergen-specific IgE was measurable in appreciable amounts. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that in wheat food allergen evaluation, correlation exists between mast cell degranulation and IgE measurements, depending on the type of allergen. Therefore, the biological activity of some allergen types may also be affected by other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodinier
- Unité de Recherche 1268, Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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24
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Sonneck K, Baumgartner C, Rebuzzi L, Marth K, Chen K, Hauswirth A, Florian S, Vrtala S, Bühring H, Valenta R, Valent P. Recombinant Allergens Promote Expression of Aminopeptidase-N (CD13) on Basophils in Allergic Patients. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 21:11-21. [DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE-dependent activation of basophils is associated with upregulation of several surface molecules. We recently identified the surface enzyme aminopeptidase N (CD13) as a novel activation antigen on human basophils. In the present study, we asked whether CD13 can be employed as a novel marker of allergen-induced activation of basophils in allergic individuals. Patients allergic to major allergens from grass pollen (Phl p 1, Phl p 5), birch pollen (Bet v 1), or house dust mites (Der p 2), were examined. Blood basophils were exposed to various concentrations of recombinant allergens for 15 minutes, and examined for expression of CD13 by multicolor flow cytometry. The allergen-induced upregulation of CD13 was compared with allergen-dependent increases in expression of CD63 and CD203c. Exposure to recombinant allergens resulted in an increase in expression of CD13 on basophils in all sensitized individuals, whereas no increase in CD13 was seen in healthy controls. The effects of the recombinant allergens on CD13-expression were dose- and time-dependent, were not observed in the absence of extracellular calcium, and were counteracted by preincubation of basophils with the PI3-kinase-targeting drugs staurosporin and LY294002. There was a good correlation between allergen-induced upregulation of CD13, CD63, and CD203c on basophils. In aggregate, our data show that recombinant allergens promote expression of CD13 on basophils in sensitized individuals. The functional significance and diagnostic implications of this observation remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sonneck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - C. Baumgartner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - L. Rebuzzi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Department of Small Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Vienna
| | - K. Marth
- Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - K.W. Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - A.W. Hauswirth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - S. Florian
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - S. Vrtala
- Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - H.J. Bühring
- University of Tübingen, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Immunology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - R. Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna
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A comparison of intradermal testing and detection of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in horses affected with skin hypersensitivity. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 120:160-7. [PMID: 17888519 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Skin hypersensitivities (allergies) in horses are often diagnosed using clinical signs only. Intradermal testing or serological assays are diagnostic options to confirm the allergic nature of the disease and to identify the allergen(s). Our objective was to develop an allergen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody specific for horse IgE and to examine its potential for allergen detection in serum in comparison to intradermal testing. Intradermal testing with 61 allergen extracts was performed on 10 horses affected with skin hypersensitivity. Their sera were analyzed by ELISA for IgE antibodies to the same allergens. The kappa test of concordance was used for comparison of the results of both tests. Out of 61 allergen extracts, only two (Timothy and Quack) had kappa values greater than 0.60, suggesting a substantial agreement between skin testing and IgE ELISA. The statistical comparison of the remaining 59 allergens showed little or no concordance between the tests beyond chance. To identify parameters that may influence the sensitivity of the ELISA, the assay was modified to detect allergen-specific IgGb and IgG(T) in serum, and the protein content in all allergen extracts was determined by SDS-PAGE. The commercial allergen extracts revealed a high variation in detectable protein. High concentrations of allergen-specific IgG in horse serum were found to compete with IgE for binding to the plates. In conclusion, an ELISA using whole serum and crude allergen preparations provides limited diagnostic information in horses. The reliable diagnosis of allergens in equine skin hypersensitivity is essential to improve allergen-specific treatments, such as hyposensitization, or the development of allergy vaccines.
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26
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Dhyani A, Arora N, Jain VK, Sridhara S, Singh BP. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cross-reactivity between mesquite pollen proteins and lima bean, an edible legume. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 149:517-24. [PMID: 17614972 PMCID: PMC2219328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy often develops as a consequence of allergic sensitization to pollen proteins. Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) tree pollen is reported to be cross-reactive with other pollen species, but little has been reported on its cross-reactivity with plant-derived foods belonging to the same/different families. The present study investigates the in vitro cross-reactivity of mesquite pollen and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), an edible seed belonging to the Leguminosae family. Of 110 patients (asthma, rhinitis or both) tested intradermally, 20 showed marked positive reactions with Prosopis pollen extract. Of these, 12 patients showed elevated specific IgE to Prosopis pollen extract alone and four to both Phaseolus and pollen extract. In vitro cross-reactivity was investigated using inhibition assays [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition, immunoblot inhibition], histamine release and lymphoproliferation. P. lunatus extract could inhibit IgE binding to P. juliflora in a dose-dependent manner, requiring 400 ng of protein for 50% inhibition in ELISA assay. Immunoblot and immunoblot inhibition demonstrated the presence of 20, 26, 35, 66 and 72 kDa as shared IgE binding components between the two extracts. Histamine release, peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation and interleukin (IL)-4 levels also suggested allergenic cross-reactivity. In conclusion, there is humoral and cellular cross-reactivity between Prosopis pollen and Phaseolus seed allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dhyani
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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27
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Metz-Favre C, Linhart B, Focke-Tejkl M, Purohit A, de Blay F, Valenta R, Pauli G. Skin test diagnosis of grass pollen allergy with a recombinant hybrid molecule. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:315-21. [PMID: 17512042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 02/17/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recombinant hybrid molecule (HM) consisting of 4 major allergens from timothy grass (Phl p 1, 2, 5, and 6) was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized regarding its immunologic properties. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether the recombinant HM can be used for the diagnosis of grass pollen allergy by means of skin testing. METHODS Skin prick testing was performed in 32 patients with grass pollen allergy and in 9 control individuals by using increasing concentrations (4, 12, 36, and 108 mug/mL) of the HM and using commercial grass pollen extract. Specific IgE reactivities against the HM, grass pollen extract, and a panel of purified grass pollen allergens (recombinant Phl p 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 12, and 13 and natural Phl p 4) were measured by means of ELISA, and timothy grass pollen-specific IgE levels were determined by using ImmunoCAP. RESULTS Grass pollen allergy was diagnosed in all patients by means of skin testing with the HM. No false-positive skin test responses were obtained in the control individuals. There was an excellent correlation between IgE levels obtained with the HM and natural grass pollen extract measured by means of ELISA (r = 0.98, P < .0001) and by means of ImmunoCAP (r = 0.98, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The recombinant HM permitted accurate and specific in vivo diagnosis of grass pollen allergy in all tested patients. It can be considered a well-defined tool for the diagnosis and perhaps for immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS A recombinant HM can replace traditional allergen extracts for skin test-based diagnosis of grass pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Metz-Favre
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Gamboa PM, Cáceres O, Antepara I, Sánchez-Monge R, Ahrazem O, Salcedo G, Barber D, Lombardero M, Sanz ML. Two different profiles of peach allergy in the north of Spain. Allergy 2007; 62:408-14. [PMID: 17362252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peach allergy has two different patterns: central Europe with oral allergy syndrome (OAS) related to a primary sensitization to birch pollen Bet v 1 and profilins and southern Europe with mostly systemic symptoms, in many cases due to sensitization to lipid-transfer proteins. METHODS Thirty peach-allergic patients with positive skin and food challenge tests and 29 control subjects were included. Skin prick tests (SPT) with inhalant allergens, commercial peach and apple extracts and native Pru p 3 were performed. In vitro specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E to grass pollen, birch pollen, peach, apple, rBet v 1, rBet v 2 and rPhl p 12 was determined by CAP, and rBet v 1, rMal d 1, rMal d 4, rMal d 3 and rPru p 3 using the ADVIA-Centaur platform. Basophil activation test (BAT) with commercial peach extract, commercial apple extract, nPru p 3, rMal d 3, rMal d 1 and rMal d 4 was also performed. RESULTS Pru p 3 was the major allergen in the patient group from northern Spain. Sensitization to this allergen was found in 100% of the patients with systemic symptoms or contact urticaria. Only 60% of OAS patients were sensitized to Pru p 3, being all of them sensitized to profilins and 60% of them to allergens of the Bet v 1 family. Specific IgE determination and BAT using recombinant allergens (rPru p 3) show specificity and sensitivity values close to 100%. CONCLUSIONS Most peach-allergic patients coming from the north of Spain present systemic symptoms after ingestion of peach, Pru p 3 being the main allergen. Patients with OAS present profilin-Bet v 1-related sensitization. Thus, in the north of Spain our patients show a mixed central-south Europe pattern with LTP-profilin-Bet v 1 sensitization depending on the symptoms presented. The use of natural and recombinant plant allergens, allows establishing the sensitization patterns to the different allergens studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Gamboa
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
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Gieras A, Focke-Tejkl M, Ball T, Verdino P, Hartl A, Thalhamer J, Valenta R. Molecular determinants of allergen-induced effector cell degranulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 119:384-90. [PMID: 17291855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-induced effector cell degranulation is a key event in allergic inflammation and leads to early-phase symptoms, such as allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, or bronchial asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to study molecular determinants of effector cell degranulation using a monoclonal IgE antibody specific for a peptide epitope of one of the most important respiratory allergens, the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 1, as a model system. METHODS A hybridoma cell line producing a monoclonal IgE antibody against a Phl p 1-derived peptide, P1, was established by means of immunization of mice and used to sensitize rat basophil leukemia cells, which were exposed to P1 monomer, P1 dimer, and P1 polymer. RESULTS It is demonstrated that the number of IgE epitopes on an allergen molecule and the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies determine the extent of degranulation. The P1 monomer did not cause mediator release and prevented degranulation induced by polymeric P1. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the number of IgE epitopes on an allergen molecule determines its allergenic activity and explains why increases of allergen-specific IgE levels make patients more sensitive to allergens. Allergen-derived monomeric structures isolated by means of combinatorial chemistry might be used to develop new therapeutic strategies for allergy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Our study reveals molecular factors that determine the immediate allergenic activity of allergens and hence influence clinical sensitivity to these allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gieras
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Bousquet J, Anto JM, Bachert C, Bousquet PJ, Colombo P, Crameri R, Daëron M, Fokkens W, Leynaert B, Lahoz C, Maurer M, Passalacqua G, Valenta R, van Hage M, Van Ree R. Factors responsible for differences between asymptomatic subjects and patients presenting an IgE sensitization to allergens. A GA2LEN project. Allergy 2006; 61:671-80. [PMID: 16677235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of allergen-specific IgE is required for the development of allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma (patients), but many individuals with allergen-specific IgE do not develop symptoms (asymptomatic subjects). Differences may exist between asymptomatic subjects and patients. Whether the presence of allergen-specific IgE translates into clinical allergy most likely depends on a complex interplay of multiple factors. These include a family history of atopy, the levels of total serum IgE and, allergen-specific IgE or IgG, epitope-specificity of IgE and their degree of polyclonality (mono- vs polysensitized), as yet unidentified serum factors, the balance of T regulatory cells (Treg) and Th1/Th2 cells, the polymorphisms of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI) and other factors regulating the activation of FcepsilonRI-bearing cells. Asymptomatic subjects may be more often monosensitized than patients who may be more often polysensitized. There are many unanswered important questions that need to be addressed in order to better understand how IgE sensitization translates into clinical allergy. The assessment of differences between the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups of subjects represent one of the scientific programs of Global Allergy and Asthma European Network funded by the European Union and the hypotheses underlying these differences are presented in this paper.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/immunology
- Asthma/immunology
- Bacteria/immunology
- Down-Regulation
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/blood
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Receptors, IgE/genetics
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Superantigens/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bousquet
- Service des Maladies Respiratoires, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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Sanz ML, García-Avilés MC, Tabar AI, Anda M, García BE, Barber D, Salcedo G, Rihs HP, Raulf-Heimsoth M. Basophil Activation Test and specific IgE measurements using a panel of recombinant natural rubber latex allergens to determine the latex allergen sensitization profile in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006; 17:148-56. [PMID: 16618365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are no documented studies that describe natural rubber latex (NRL) sensitization in children with a history of surgical intervention but without any congenital malformation (urogenital anomalies, spina bifida, etc.), although some authors have studied NRL allergy in children without a history of surgical intervention. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitization profile to single NRL allergens in children without spina bifida and without repeated surgical interventions, by using different recombinant and natural latex allergens in two analytical techniques: specific serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) quantification and flow cytometry determination of activated basophils expressing CD63, after stimulating cells from patients with NRL allergens. A total of 23 patients and 10 healthy children were selected. Conjunctival and in-use NRL provocation tests were carried out, as well as specific IgE determination in all patients' and controls' sera with the recombinant NRL allergens: rHev b 1, rHev b 2, rHev b 3, rHev b 5, rHev b 6.01, rHev b 6.02, rHev b 8, rHev b 9 and rHev b 11 and with NRL (k82) using appropriate ImmunoCAPs. The Basophil Activation Test (BAT) was performed with whole latex extract and with the recombinant allergens rHev b 5 and rHev b 6.01, as well as with the natural allergen Hev b 6.02. The sensitivity and the specificity of NRL-specific IgE (k82) were 100%. Positive IgE responses to rHev b 5 were found in sera of 10 children, to rHev b 6.01 in 16 and for rHev b 6.02 in 15 children's sera. Specific IgE to rHev b 8 was found in four sera of the children. We only found significant differences in sensitization to rHev b 5 in children with two or more surgical interventions compared with the non-intervened group or those with only one intervention. Specific IgE in sera of children with latex-fruit syndrome recognized rHev b 6.02, but not to rHev b 11. The patients sensitized to Hev b 8, Hev b 9 and/or Hev b 11 were atopic. The four patients presenting a positive response to the NRL profilin Hev b 8 were allergic to pollen. The BAT against whole NRL extract was positive in 22 of 23 children; against rHev b 5 in 14 of the patients studied; against rHev b 6.01 in seven cases and against nHev b 6.02 in 19 children. In all the control subjects, the results using this technique were negative. If combined rHev b 5, rHev b 6.01 and nHev b 6.02 together, BAT could detect 20 of the 23 children with latex allergy. The combined use of ImmunoCAP with all the recombinant NRL allergens and BAT with rHev b 5, rHev b 6.01 and nHev b 6.02, enabled the identification of NRL allergy in 22 of 23 patients. There is a positive and significant correlation between sensitization to Hev b 5 and the number of interventions. BAT and allergen-specific IgE determination could be used as first-line in vitro diagnostic tests in patients with NRL allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Sanz
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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33
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Metz-Favre C, Birba E, Metivier AC, de Blay F, Pauli G. Intérêt du dosage des IgE vis-à-vis de l'allergène recombinant rBet v 1 dans la prise en charge de la pollinose printanière. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.allerg.2005.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Linhart B, Valenta R. Molecular design of allergy vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2005; 17:646-55. [PMID: 16229996 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2005.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant-allergen-based diagnostic tests enable the dissection and monitoring of the molecular reactivity profiles of allergic patients, resulting in more specific diagnosis, disease monitoring, prevention and therapy. In vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical trials in patients demonstrate that allergenic molecules can be engineered to induce different immune responses ranging from tolerance to vigorous immunity. The available data thus suggest that molecular engineering of the disease-related antigens is a technology that may be applicable not only for the design of allergy vaccines but also for the design of vaccines against infectious diseases, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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