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Piperakis A, Galani IE, Andreakos E. Type III interferons in innate and adaptive immunity in the respiratory tract. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 87:102430. [PMID: 38824869 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Lambda interferons (IFNλs), also termed type III interferons (IFNs) or interleukins-28/29, have been in the shadow of type I IFNs for a long time. Their common induction mechanisms and signalling cascades with type I IFNs have made difficult the unwinding of their unique nonredundant functions. However, this is now changing with mounting evidence supporting a major role of IFNλs as a specialized antiviral defense system in the body, mediating protection at mucosal barrier surfaces while limiting immunopathology. Here, we review the latest progress on the complex activities of IFNλs in the respiratory tract, focusing on their multiple effects in IFNλ receptor-expressing cells, the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in the context of infections and respiratory diseases, and their similarities and differences with type I IFNs. We also discuss their potential in therapeutic applications and the most recent developments in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemios Piperakis
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, BRFAA, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna E Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, BRFAA, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, BRFAA, Athens, Greece.
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2
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Liu YG, Jin SW, Zhang SS, Xia TJ, Liao YH, Pan RL, Yan MZ, Chang Q. Interferon lambda in respiratory viral infection: immunomodulatory functions and antiviral effects in epithelium. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1338096. [PMID: 38495892 PMCID: PMC10940417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Type III interferon (IFN-λ), a new member of the IFN family, was initially considered to possess antiviral functions similar to those of type I interferon, both of which are induced via the JAK/STAT pathway. Nevertheless, recent findings demonstrated that IFN-λ exerts a nonredundant antiviral function at the mucosal surface, preferentially produced in epithelial cells in contrast to type I interferon, and its function cannot be replaced by type I interferon. This review summarizes recent studies showing that IFN-λ inhibits the spread of viruses from the cell surface to the body. Further studies have found that the role of IFN-λ is not only limited to the abovementioned functions, but it can also can exert direct and/or indirect effects on immune cells in virus-induced inflammation. This review focuses on the antiviral activity of IFN-λ in the mucosal epithelial cells and its action on immune cells and summarizes the pathways by which IFN-λ exerts its action and differentiates it from other interferons in terms of mechanism. Finally, we conclude that IFN-λ is a potent epidermal antiviral factor that enhances the respiratory mucosal immune response and has excellent therapeutic potential in combating respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming-Zhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Hoyer A, Chakraborty S, Lilienthal I, Konradsen JR, Katayama S, Söderhäll C. The functional role of CST1 and CCL26 in asthma development. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1162. [PMID: 38270326 PMCID: PMC10797655 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children with an increasing prevalence. Its development is caused by genetic and environmental factors and allergic sensitization is a known trigger. Dog allergens affect up to 30% of all children and dog dander-sensitized children show increased expression of cystatin-1 (CST1) and eotaxin-3 (CCL26) in nasal epithelium. The aim of our study was to investigate the functional mechanism of CST1 and CCL26 in the alveolar basal epithelial cell line A549. METHODS A549 cells were transfected with individual overexpression vectors for CST1 and CCL26 and RNA sequencing was performed to examine the transcriptomics. edgeR was used to identify differentially expressed genes (= DEG, |log2 FC | ≥ 2, FDR < 0.01). The protein expression levels of A549 cells overexpressing CST1 and CCL26 were analyzed using the Target 96 inflammation panel from OLINK (antibody-mediated proximity extension-based assay; OLINK Proteomics). Differentially expressed proteins were considered with a |log2 FC| ≥ 1, p < .05. RESULTS The overexpression of CST1 resulted in a total of 27 DEG (1 upregulated and 26 downregulated) and the overexpression of CCL26 in a total of 137 DEG (0 upregulated and 137 downregulated). The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed a significant downregulation of type I and III interferon signaling pathway genes as well as interferon-stimulated genes. At the protein level, overexpression of CST1 induced a significantly increased expression of CCL3, whereas CCL26 overexpression led to increased expression of HGF, and a decrease of CXCL11, CCL20, CCL3 and CXCL10. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that an overexpression of CST1 and CCL26 cause a downregulation of interferon related genes and inflammatory proteins. It might cause a higher disease susceptibility, mainly for allergic asthma, as CCL26 is an agonist for CCR-3-carrying cells, such as eosinophils and Th2 lymphocytes, mostly active in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hoyer
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's HospitalKarolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's HospitalKarolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden
| | - Ingrid Lilienthal
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Jon R. Konradsen
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's HospitalKarolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's HospitalKarolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden
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Kuo FC, Tsai ML, Wu ST, Li SS, Wu CF, Wang SL, Chan MWY, Suen JL, Wu MT, Hung CH. Maternal di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure elicits offspring IFN-λ upregulation: Insights from birth cohort, murine model, and in vitro mechanistic analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113993. [PMID: 37611859 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, may lead to developmental immunotoxicity in offspring. The causal relationship and underlying mechanism require further study. A subset of Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study data (n = 283) was analyzed and found a significant association between urinary DEHP metabolite levels from the third trimester of pregnancy and plasma levels of IL-28A and IL-29, named IFNλs, in cord blood. A trans-maternal murine model mimicking human DEHP exposure way showed that bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from maternal DEHP-exposed F1 offspring secreted higher IL-28A levels than control cells, indicating a potential causal relationship. Human bronchial epithelial cell lines treated with DEHP or its primary metabolite, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hexyl) phthalate (MEHP), expressed significantly higher levels of IFNλs mRNA or protein than controls. MEHP's effect on IFNλs expression was blocked by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ antagonists, and inhibited by a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor or a histone methyltransferase inhibitor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that MEHP treatment promoted histone modifications at H3 and H4 proteins at the promoter regions of Il28a and Il29 genes. These results suggest maternal DEHP exposure could result in high IFNλ expression in offspring, and the health risk of early-life exposure requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Lan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Ting Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Syuan Li
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; International Master Program of Translational Medicine, National United University, Miaoli 360, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Lin Wang
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan; Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Sunil AA, Skaria T. Novel regulators of airway epithelial barrier function during inflammation: potential targets for drug repurposing. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:119-132. [PMID: 35085478 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2035720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endogenous inflammatory signaling molecules resulting from deregulated immune responses, can impair airway epithelial barrier function and predispose individuals with airway inflammatory diseases to exacerbations and lung infections. Targeting the specific endogenous factors disrupting the airway barrier therefore has the potential to prevent disease exacerbations without affecting the protective immune responses. AREAS COVERED Here, we review the endogenous factors and specific mechanisms disrupting airway epithelial barrier during inflammation and reflect on whether these factors can be specifically targeted by repurposed existing drugs. Literature search was conducted using PubMed, drug database of US FDA and European Medicines Agency until and including September 2021. EXPERT OPINION IL-4 and IL-13 signaling are the major pathways disrupting the airway epithelial barrier during airway inflammation. However, blocking IL-4/IL-13 signaling may adversely affect protective immune responses and increase susceptibility of host to infections. An alternate approach to modulate airway epithelial barrier function involves targeting specific downstream component of IL-4/IL-13 signaling or different inflammatory mediators responsible for regulation of airway epithelial barrier. Airway epithelium-targeted therapy using inhibitors of HDAC, HSP90, MIF, mTOR, IL-17A and VEGF may be a potential strategy to prevent airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Anjoom Sunil
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Tom Skaria
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
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Chang Y, Kang JS, Jung K, Chung DH, Ha SJ, Kim YJ, Kim HY. OASL1-Mediated Inhibition of Type I IFN Reduces Influenza A Infection-Induced Airway Inflammation by Regulating ILC2s. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 14:99-116. [PMID: 34983110 PMCID: PMC8724833 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Three observations drove this study. First, 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein (OASL) is a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN). Second, type I IFN plays a central role during virus infections and the pathogenesis of various diseases, including asthma. Third, influenza A virus (IAV) causes non-eosinophilic asthma. To evaluate the potential relationships between OASL, type I IFN, and pulmonary innate immune cells in IAV-induced acute airway inflammation by using Oasl1-/- mice. Methods Asthma was induced in wild-type (WT) and Oasl1-/- mice with IAV or ovalbumin (OVA). Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and immune cell infiltration in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were measured. The immune cells in the lungs were analyzed by flow cytometry. To investigate the ability of type I IFN to shape the response of lung type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), IFN-α was treated intratracheally. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) sorted from bone marrow and ILC2s sorted from lungs of naive mice were co-cultured with/without interferon-alpha receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR-1)-blocking antibodies. Results In the IAV-induced asthma model, Oasl1-/- mice developed greater AHR and immune cell infiltration in the BAL fluids than WT mice. This was not observed in OVA-induced asthma, a standard model of allergen-induced asthma. The lungs of infected Oasl1-/- mice also had elevated DC numbers and Ifna expression and depressed IAV-induced ILC2 responses, namely, proliferation and type 2 cytokine and amphiregulin production. Intratracheal administration of type I IFN in naïve mice suppressed lung ILC2 production of type 2 cytokines and amphiregulin. Co-culture of ILC2s with pDCs showed that pDCs inhibit the function of ILC2s by secreting type I IFN. Conclusions OASL1 may impede the IAV-induced acute airway inflammation that drives AHR by inhibiting IAV-induced type I IFN production from lung DCs, thereby preserving the functions of lung ILC2s, including their amphiregulin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Chang
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Kang
- Genome Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department for Integrated OMICs for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- System Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Genome Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department for Integrated OMICs for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Krammer S, Sicorschi Gutu C, Grund JC, Chiriac MT, Zirlik S, Finotto S. Regulation and Function of Interferon-Lambda (IFNλ) and Its Receptor in Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731807. [PMID: 34899691 PMCID: PMC8660125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting people of all ages, especially children, worldwide. Origins of asthma are suggested to be placed in early life with heterogeneous clinical presentation, severity and pathophysiology. Exacerbations of asthma disease can be triggered by many factors, including viral respiratory tract infections. Rhinovirus (RV) induced respiratory infections are the predominant cause of the common cold and also play a crucial role in asthma development and exacerbations. Rhinovirus mainly replicates in epithelial cells lining the upper and lower respiratory tract. Type III interferons, also known as interferon-lambda (IFNλ), are potent immune mediators of resolution of infectious diseases but they are known to be involved in autoimmune diseases as well. The protective role of type III IFNs in antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal functions is of major importance for our innate immune system. The IFNλ receptor (IFNλR) is expressed in selected types of cells like epithelial cells, thus orchestrating a specific immune response at the site of viruses and bacteria entry into the body. In asthma, IFNλ restricts the development of TH2 cells, which are induced in the airways of asthmatic patients. Several studies described type III IFNs as the predominant type of interferon increased after infection caused by respiratory viruses. It efficiently reduces viral replication, viral spread into the lungs and viral transmission from infected to naive individuals. Several reports showed that bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic subjects have a deficient response of type III interferon after RV infection ex vivo. Toll like Receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on infectious agents, and induce the development of antiviral and antibacterial immunity. We recently discovered that activation of TLR7/8 resulted in enhanced IFNλ receptor mRNA expression in PBMCs of healthy and asthmatic children, opening new therapeutic frontiers for rhinovirus-induced asthma. This article reviews the recent advances of the literature on the regulated expression of type III Interferons and their receptor in association with rhinovirus infection in asthmatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Krammer
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cristina Sicorschi Gutu
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina C Grund
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mircea T Chiriac
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Zirlik
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Manivasagam S, Klein RS. Type III Interferons: Emerging Roles in Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:764062. [PMID: 34899712 PMCID: PMC8660671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs) or the lambda IFNs (IFNLs or IFN-λs) are antimicrobial cytokines that play key roles in immune host defense at endothelial and epithelial barriers. IFNLs signal via their heterodimeric receptor, comprised of two subunits, IFNLR1 and interleukin (IL)10Rβ, which defines the cellular specificity of the responses to the cytokines. Recent studies show that IFNL signaling regulates CD4+ T cell differentiation, favoring Th1 cells, which has led to the identification of IFNL as a putative therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. Here, we summarize the IFNL signaling pathways during antimicrobial immunity, IFNL-mediated immunomodulation of both innate and adaptive immune cells, and induction of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Manivasagam
- Center for Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robyn S. Klein
- Center for Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Rich HE, Antos D, Melton NR, Alcorn JF, Manni ML. Insights Into Type I and III Interferons in Asthma and Exacerbations. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574027. [PMID: 33101299 PMCID: PMC7546400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a highly prevalent, chronic respiratory disease that impacts millions of people worldwide and causes thousands of deaths every year. Asthmatics display different phenotypes with distinct genetic components, environmental causes, and immunopathologic signatures, and are broadly characterized into type 2-high or type 2-low (non-type 2) endotypes by linking clinical characteristics, steroid responsiveness, and molecular pathways. Regardless of asthma severity and adequate disease management, patients may experience acute exacerbations of symptoms and a loss of disease control, often triggered by respiratory infections. The interferon (IFN) family represents a group of cytokines that play a central role in the protection against and exacerbation of various infections and pathologies, including asthma. Type I and III IFNs in particular play an indispensable role in the host immune system to fight off pathogens, which seems to be altered in both pediatric and adult asthmatics. Impaired IFN production leaves asthmatics susceptible to infection and with uncontrolled type 2 immunity, promotes airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and inflammation which can lead to asthma exacerbations. However, IFN deficiency is not observed in all asthmatics, and alterations in IFN expression may be independent of type 2 immunity. In this review, we discuss the link between type I and III IFNs and asthma both in general and in specific contexts, including during viral infection, co-infection, and bacterial/fungal infection. We also highlight several studies which examine the potential role for type I and III IFNs as asthma-related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Rich
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Danielle Antos
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Natalie R Melton
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michelle L Manni
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Mora-Arias T, Amezcua-Guerra LM. Type III Interferons (Lambda Interferons) in Rheumatic Autoimmune Diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:1. [PMID: 31915933 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The last 2 decades have witnessed the discovery and characterization of a new family of cytokines with immunological characteristics similar to those described for type I interferons, type III or lambda interferons. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying each type of interferon has allowed us to understand how some autoimmune diseases can be considered as interferonopathies. Under normal conditions, type III interferons play a key role in the defense against viruses by modulating the functioning of several types of innate and adaptive immune cells. These effects include upregulation of major histocompatibility complex molecules by myeloid dendritic cells, increased functioning of pattern recognition receptors by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, decreased activity of regulatory T cells, enhanced production of antibodies by plasmatic cells and increased expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules by leukocytes and endothelial cells. Notably, all these mechanisms have been described to boost autoimmunity, and type III interferons pathway activation has been related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and Sjögren's syndrome. This review provides an overview of the current evidence on the contribution of type III interferons in the pathogenesis of rheumatic autoimmune diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Mora-Arias
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis M Amezcua-Guerra
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Bhakta NR, Christenson SA, Nerella S, Solberg OD, Nguyen CP, Choy DF, Jung KL, Garudadri S, Bonser LR, Pollack JL, Zlock LT, Erle DJ, Langelier C, Derisi JL, Arron JR, Fahy JV, Woodruff PG. IFN-stimulated Gene Expression, Type 2 Inflammation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:313-324. [PMID: 29064281 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201706-1070oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Quantification of type 2 inflammation provided a molecular basis for heterogeneity in asthma. Non-type 2 pathways that contribute to asthma pathogenesis are not well understood. OBJECTIVES To identify dysregulated pathways beyond type 2 inflammation. METHODS We applied RNA sequencing to airway epithelial brushings obtained from subjects with stable mild asthma not on corticosteroids (n = 19) and healthy control subjects (n = 16). Sequencing reads were mapped to human and viral genomes. In the same cohort, and in a separate group with severe asthma (n = 301), we profiled blood gene expression with microarrays. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In airway brushings from mild asthma on inhaled corticosteroids, RNA sequencing yielded 1,379 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate < 0.01). Pathway analysis revealed increased expression of type 2 markers, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes. Airway epithelial ISG expression was not associated with type 2 inflammation in asthma or with viral transcripts but was associated with reduced lung function by FEV1 (ρ = -0.72; P = 0.0004). ER stress was confirmed by an increase in XBP1 (X-box binding protein 1) splicing in mild asthma and was associated with both type 2 inflammation and ISG expression. ISGs were also the most activated genes in blood cells in asthma and were correlated with airway ISG expression (ρ = 0.55; P = 0.030). High blood ISG expression in severe asthma was similarly unrelated to type 2 inflammation. CONCLUSIONS ISG activation is prominent in asthma, independent of viral transcripts, orthogonal to type 2 inflammation, and associated with distinct clinical features. ER stress is associated with both type 2 inflammation and ISG expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav R Bhakta
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Srilaxmi Nerella
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
| | - Owen D Solberg
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
| | - Christine P Nguyen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
| | - David F Choy
- 2 Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; and
| | - Kyle L Jung
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
| | - Suresh Garudadri
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
| | - Luke R Bonser
- 3 Cardiovascular Research Institute.,4 Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - David J Erle
- 3 Cardiovascular Research Institute.,4 Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine
| | - Charles Langelier
- 6 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph L Derisi
- 7 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, California
| | | | - John V Fahy
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine.,3 Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine.,3 Cardiovascular Research Institute
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12
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Egli A, Mandal J, Schumann DM, Roth M, Thomas B, Lorne Tyrrell D, Blasi F, Kostikas K, Boersma W, Milenkovic B, Lacoma A, Rentsch K, Rohde GGU, Louis R, Aerts JG, Welte T, Torres A, Tamm M, Stolz D. IFNΛ3/4 locus polymorphisms and IFNΛ3 circulating levels are associated with COPD severity and outcomes. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:51. [PMID: 29562888 PMCID: PMC5861655 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon lambdas (IFNLs) have important anti-viral/bacterial and immunomodulatory functions in the respiratory tract. How do IFNLs impact COPD and its exacerbations? METHODS Five hundred twenty eight patients were recruited in a prospective observational multicentre cohort (PROMISE) study. The genetic polymorphisms (rs8099917 and rs12979860) within the IFNL3/4 gene region and circulating levels of IFNL3 in COPD patients were determined and associated with disease activity and outcome during a median follow-up of 24 months. RESULTS The GG genotype significantly influenced severe exacerbation rate (42 vs. 23%; p = 0.032) and time to severe exacerbation (HR = 2.260; p = 0.012). Compared to the TT or TG genotypes, the GG genotype was associated with severe dyspnoea (modified medical research council score ≥ median 3; 22 vs 42%, p = 0.030). The CC genotype of the rs12979860 SNP was associated with a poorer prognosis (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index ≥ median 4; 46 vs. 36% TC vs. 20.5% TT; p = 0.031). Patients with stable COPD and at exacerbation had significantly lower circulating IFNL3 compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Circulating IFNL3 correlated to post-bronchodilator FEV1%predicted and the tissue maturation biomarker Pro-collagen 3. CONCLUSION IFNL3/4 polymorphisms and circulating IFNL3 may be associated with disease activity and outcomes in COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial registration http://www.isrctn.com/ identifier ISRCTN99586989 on 16 April 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jyotshna Mandal
- Clinic of Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Desiree M. Schumann
- Clinic of Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Clinic of Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brad Thomas
- Li Ka Shing Institute for Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - D. Lorne Tyrrell
- Li Ka Shing Institute for Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Kostantinos Kostikas
- Clinic of Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wim Boersma
- Department of Pneumology, Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alicia Lacoma
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Gernot G. U. Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Renaud Louis
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Liege, University of Liege, GIGAI Research Group, Liege, Belgium
| | - Joachim G. Aerts
- Department of Pneumology, Amphia Hospital/Erasmus MC, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Pneumology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antoni Torres
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Tamm
- Clinic of Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Moskwa S, Piotrowski W, Marczak J, Pawełczyk M, Lewandowska-Polak A, Jarzębska M, Brauncajs M, Głobińska A, Górski P, Papadopoulos NG, Edwards MR, Johnston SL, Kowalski ML. Innate Immune Response to Viral Infections in Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells is Modified by the Atopic Status of Asthmatic Patients. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:144-154. [PMID: 29411555 PMCID: PMC5809763 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In order to gain an insight into determinants of reported variability in immune responses to respiratory viruses in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from asthmatics, the responses of HBEC to viral infections were evaluated in HBECs from phenotypically heterogeneous groups of asthmatics and in healthy controls. Methods HBECs were obtained during bronchoscopy from 10 patients with asthma (6 atopic and 4 non-atopic) and from healthy controls (n=9) and grown as undifferentiated cultures. HBECs were infected with parainfluenza virus (PIV)-3 (MOI 0.1) and rhinovirus (RV)-1B (MOI 0.1), or treated with medium alone. The cell supernatants were harvested at 8, 24, and 48 hours. IFN-α, CXCL10 (IP-10), and RANTES (CCL5) were analyzed by using Cytometric Bead Array (CBA), and interferon (IFN)-β and IFN-λ1 by ELISA. Gene expression of IFNs, chemokines, and IFN-regulatory factors (IRF-3 and IRF-7) was determined by using quantitative PCR. Results PIV3 and RV1B infections increased IFN-λ1 mRNA expression in HBECs from asthmatics and healthy controls to a similar extent, and virus-induced IFN-λ1 expression correlated positively with IRF-7 expression. Following PIV3 infection, IP-10 protein release and mRNA expression were significantly higher in asthmatics compared to healthy controls (median 36.03-fold). No differences in the release or expression of RANTES, IFN-λ1 protein and mRNA, or IFN-α and IFN-β mRNA between asthmatics and healthy controls were observed. However, when asthmatics were divided according to their atopic status, HBECs from atopic asthmatics (n=6) generated significantly more IFN-λ1 protein and demonstrated higher IFN-α, IFN-β, and IRF-7 mRNA expressions in response to PIV3 compared to non-atopic asthmatics (n=4) and healthy controls (n=9). In response to RV1B infection, IFN-β mRNA expression was lower (12.39-fold at 24 hours and 19.37-fold at 48 hours) in non-atopic asthmatics compared to atopic asthmatics. Conclusions The immune response of HBECs to virus infections may not be deficient in asthmatics, but seems to be modified by atopic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Moskwa
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piotrowski
- Department of Pneumonology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Marczak
- Department of Pneumonology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pawełczyk
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Lewandowska-Polak
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzanna Jarzębska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Brauncajs
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Głobińska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Górski
- Department of Pneumonology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy Research Centre, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael R Edwards
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma
| | - Marek L Kowalski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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14
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15
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Andreakos E, Salagianni M, Galani IE, Koltsida O. Interferon-λs: Front-Line Guardians of Immunity and Homeostasis in the Respiratory Tract. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1232. [PMID: 29033947 PMCID: PMC5626824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs), also termed lambda IFNs (IFNλs) or interleukins-28/29, constitute a new addition to the IFN family. They are induced upon infection and are particularly abundant at barrier surfaces, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Although they signal through a unique heterodimeric receptor complex comprising IFNLR1 and IL10RB, they activate a downstream signaling pathway remarkably similar to that of type I IFNs and share many functions with them. Yet, they also have important differences which are only now starting to unfold. Here, we review the current literature implicating type III IFNs in the regulation of immunity and homeostasis in the respiratory tract. We survey the common and unique characteristics of type III IFNs in terms of expression patterns, cellular targets, and biological activities and discuss their emerging role in first line defenses against respiratory viral infections. We further explore their immune modulatory functions and their involvement in the regulation of inflammatory responses during chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Type III IFNs are, therefore, arising as front-line guardians of immune defenses in the respiratory tract, fine tuning inflammation, and as potential novel therapeutics for the treatment of diverse respiratory diseases, including influenza virus infection and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Salagianni
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna E Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Koltsida
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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16
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Read SA, O'Connor KS, Suppiah V, Ahlenstiel CLE, Obeid S, Cook KM, Cunningham A, Douglas MW, Hogg PJ, Booth D, George J, Ahlenstiel G. Zinc is a potent and specific inhibitor of IFN-λ3 signalling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15245. [PMID: 28513591 PMCID: PMC5442324 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lambda interferons (IFNL, IFN-λ) are pro-inflammatory cytokines important in acute and chronic viral infection. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs12979860 and rs8099917 within the IFNL gene locus predict hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance, as well as inflammation and fibrosis progression in viral and non-viral liver disease. The underlying mechanism, however, is not defined. Here we show that the rs12979860 CC genotype correlates with increased hepatic metallothionein expression through increased systemic zinc levels. Zinc interferes with IFN-λ3 binding to IFNL receptor 1 (IFNLR1), resulting in decreased antiviral activity and increased viral replication (HCV, influenza) in vitro. HCV patients with high zinc levels have low hepatocyte antiviral and inflammatory gene expression and high viral loads, confirming the inhibitory role of zinc in vivo. We provide the first evidence that zinc can act as a potent and specific inhibitor of IFN-λ3 signalling and highlight its potential as a target of therapeutic intervention for IFN-λ3-mediated chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Read
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Kate S. O'Connor
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Vijay Suppiah
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Chantelle L. E. Ahlenstiel
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Obeid
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Kristina M. Cook
- The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony Cunningham
- Centre of Virus Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Mark W. Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Philip J. Hogg
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David Booth
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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17
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Agache I, Rogozea L. Asthma Biomarkers: Do They Bring Precision Medicine Closer to the Clinic? ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:466-476. [PMID: 28913985 PMCID: PMC5603474 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.6.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of biomarkers has been incorporated within clinical research of asthma to characterize the population and to associate the disease with environmental and therapeutic effects. Regrettably, at present, there are no specific biomarkers, none is validated or qualified, and endotype-driven choices overlap. Biomarkers have not yet reached clinical practice and are not included in current asthma guidelines. Last but not least, the choice of the outcome upholding the value of the biomarkers is extremely difficult, since it has to reflect the mechanistic intervention while being relevant to both the disease and the particular person. On the verge of a new age of asthma healthcare standard, we must embrace and adapt to the key drivers of change. Disease endotypes, biomarkers, and precision medicine represent an emerging model of patient care building on large-scale biologic databases, omics and diverse cellular assays, health information technology, and computational tools for analyzing sizable sets of data. A profound transformation of clinical and research pattern from population to individual risk and from investigator-imposed subjective disease clustering (hypothesis driven) to unbiased, data-driven models is facilitated by the endotype/biomarker-driven approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
| | - Liliana Rogozea
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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18
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da Silva J, Hilzendeger C, Moermans C, Schleich F, Henket M, Kebadze T, Mallia P, Edwards MR, Johnston SL, Louis R. Raised interferon-β, type 3 interferon and interferon-stimulated genes - evidence of innate immune activation in neutrophilic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 47:313-323. [PMID: 27622317 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferons play an important role in innate immunity. Previous studies report deficiency in virus induction of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β and IFN-λ in bronchial epithelial and bronchial lavage cells in atopic asthmatics. It is now recognized that asthma is a heterogeneous disease comprising different inflammatory phenotypes, some of which may involve innate immune activation in the absence of overt infection. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether the severity of asthma or a specific cellular sputum pattern may be linked to evidence of innate immune activation. METHODS Here we investigate the expression of IFN-β, IFN-λ1 (IL-29), IFN-λ2/3 (IL-28A/B) and the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1), oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) and viperin in unstimulated sputum cells in 57 asthmatics (including 16 mild, 19 moderate and 22 severe asthma patients) and compared them with 19 healthy subjects. RESULTS We observed increased expression of IFN-β, IFN-λ1/IL-29, OAS and viperin in asthmatics compared with healthy subjects, while IL-28 was not expressed in any group. The overexpression was restricted to neutrophilic asthmatics (sputum neutrophils ≥ 76%), while eosinophilic asthmatics (sputum eosinophils ≥ 3%) did not differ from healthy subjects or even showed a lower expression of Mx1. No difference in interferon or ISG expression was observed according to clinical asthma severity. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Neutrophilic, but not eosinophilic, asthmatics display overexpression of IFN-β, IFN-λ1/IL-29 and ISGs in their sputum cells that may reflect ongoing innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J da Silva
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Liege, GIGA I3 University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Allergy Service, University Hospital Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina (HU-UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - C Hilzendeger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Liege, GIGA I3 University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Moermans
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Liege, GIGA I3 University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - F Schleich
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Liege, GIGA I3 University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - M Henket
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Liege, GIGA I3 University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - T Kebadze
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Mallia
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R Louis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Liege, GIGA I3 University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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19
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Wang SF, Gao XQ, Xu YN, Li DN, Wang HY, He SH. Elevated Plasma Level of Interferon-λ1 in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Upregulated Expression in CD8(+) and Epithelial Cells and Induction of Inflammatory Cell Accumulation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5032051. [PMID: 27445435 PMCID: PMC4944067 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5032051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon- (IFN-) λ1 is regarded as a potent bio-active molecule in innate immunity. However, little is known about its role in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). We therefore investigated expression of IFN-λ1 in CSU, its cellular location, and its influence on inflammatory cell accumulation by using flow cytometry analysis, skin tissue dispersion, immunohistochemical stain, and a mouse peritoneal inflammation model. The results showed that level of IFN-λ1 was 2.0-fold higher in plasma of the patients with CSU than the level in healthy control (HC) subjects. Among leukocytes examined, only CD8(+) T cells expressed more IFN-λ1 in CSU blood. Double labeling immunohistochemical staining revealed that IFN-λ1(+) inflammatory cells such as mast cells, eosinophils, B cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were mainly located in dermis, whereas epidermis tissue highly expressed IFN-λ1. IFN-λ1 induced a dose-dependent increase in number of eosinophils, lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in the peritoneum of mice at 6 h following injection, which was inhibited by pretreatment of the animals with anti-intercellular adhesion molecule- (ICAM-) 1 and/or anti-L-selectin antibodies. In conclusion, IFN-λ1 is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of CSU. Blocking IFN-λ1 production may help to reduce the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the involved CSU skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. F. Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
- Department of Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - X. Q. Gao
- Department of Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Y. N. Xu
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - D. N. Li
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - H. Y. Wang
- Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - S. H. He
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
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20
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Lin M, Yu HP. Dexamethasone decreases IL-29 expression in house dust mite-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2015; 35:823-827. [PMID: 26670431 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of IL-29 on the progression of airway allergic disease by detecting the level of IL-29 in airway allergic cell models stimulated by house dust mite (HDM) in the presence or absence of dexamethasone (DEX). The same batch of human bronchial epithelial cells in exponential growth phase was randomly divided into five groups: blank group (A), 300 ng/mL HDM group (B), 1000 ng/mL HDM group (C), 3000 ng/mL HDM group (D), and 300 ng/mL HDM+100 ng/mL DEX group (E). The IL-29 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The IL-29 protein expression in cell suspension was detected by ELISA. The results showed that after stimulation with HDM for 24 h, the expression of IL-29 was increased significantly, and after co-stimulation with HDM and DEX for 24 h, the expression of IL-29 in group E was significantly lower than that in the groups stimulated by HDM alone but higher than that in the group A. The differences between the different groups were significant (F=132.957, P<0.01). Additionally, the higher the concentration of HDM was, the more significant the increase in the IL-29 expression was. In conclusion, IL-29 may play a role in the progression of airway allergic disease including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lin
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hua-Peng Yu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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21
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Sugai K, Kimura H, Miyaji Y, Tsukagoshi H, Yoshizumi M, Sasaki-Sakamoto T, Matsunaga S, Yamada Y, Kashiwakura JI, Noda M, Ikeda M, Kozawa K, Ryo A, Yoshihara S, Ogata H, Okayama Y. MIP-1α level in nasopharyngeal aspirates at the first wheezing episode predicts recurrent wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:774-81. [PMID: 26494023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory virus-induced wheezing, such as that induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus, is an important risk factor for recurrent wheezing and childhood asthma. However, no biomarkers for predicting recurrent wheezing have been identified. OBJECTIVE We searched for predictors of recurrent wheezing using nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained from patients during the first wheezing episode who were hospitalized with an acute lower respiratory tract illness. METHODS We enrolled 82 infants during the first wheezing episode (median age, 5.0 months) who were hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract illness between August 2009 and June 2012 and followed these patients for 2.5 years. Nasopharyngeal aspirates and blood samples were obtained on the first day of hospitalization. Viral genomes were identified by using RT-PCR and sequencing. Levels of 33 cytokines, tryptase, IgE, anti-RSV IgE, and anti-RSV IgG were measured by using ELISAs or the Bio-Plex multiplex assay. Predictors of recurrent wheezing were examined by using a stepwise logistic regression model with backward elimination. RESULTS Sixty percent of the patients experienced recurrent wheezing episodes. One or more viruses were detected in the nasopharynxes of 93% of the patients during the first wheezing episode. IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-9, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β levels were significantly higher among patients with recurrent wheezing than among those without recurrent wheezing (P < .05 or .01). The stepwise model demonstrated that the MIP-1α level (odds ratio, 7.72; 95% CI, 1.50-39.77; P = .015) was the strongest independent predictor of the occurrence of recurrent wheezing. CONCLUSION An increased MIP-1α level in nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with acute respiratory symptoms during the first wheezing episode caused by viral infections might predict recurrent wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Sugai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Miyaji
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yoshizumi
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sasaki-Sakamoto
- Allergy and Immunology Group, Research Institute of Medical Science, Division of Medical Education Planning and Development, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Molecular Biodefence Research, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamada
- Yamada Gastroenterology Pediatric Clinic, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kashiwakura
- Laboratory for Allergic Disease, RCAI, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Noda
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Kozawa
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Molecular Biodefence Research, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hiromitsu Ogata
- Center for Information Research, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- Allergy and Immunology Group, Research Institute of Medical Science, Division of Medical Education Planning and Development, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Griffiths SJ, Dunnigan CM, Russell CD, Haas JG. The Role of Interferon-λ Locus Polymorphisms in Hepatitis C and Other Infectious Diseases. J Innate Immun 2015; 7:231-42. [PMID: 25634147 PMCID: PMC6738896 DOI: 10.1159/000369902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2003, the type III interferon-λ (IFN-λ) family has been found to contribute significantly to the host response to infection. Whilst IFN-λ shares many features with type I IFN induction and signalling pathways, the tissue-specific restricted expression of its receptor, IL28RA, makes IFN-λ a major mediator of host innate immunity in tissues and organs with a high epithelial cell content. Host susceptibility and responses to infection are known to be heterogeneous, and the identification of common genetic variants linked to disease outcome by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has underscored the significance of host polymorphisms in responses to infection. Several such GWAS have highlighted the IFN-λ locus on chromosome 19q13 as an area of genetic variation significantly associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and the rs12979860 genotype can be used in clinical practice as a biomarker for predicting a successful response to treatment with pegylated IFN and ribavarin. Here, we discuss IFN-λ genetic polymorphisms and their role in HCV and other infectious diseases as well as their potential impact on clinical diagnostics, patient stratification and therapy. Finally, the broader role of IFN-λ in the immunopathogenesis of non-infectious inflammatory diseases is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Griffiths
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
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23
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Koch S, Finotto S. Role of Interferon-λ in Allergic Asthma. J Innate Immun 2015; 7:224-30. [PMID: 25592858 PMCID: PMC6738890 DOI: 10.1159/000369459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs), or IFN-λ, are known to have potent antiviral and antiproliferative activities. It inhibits viral replication and upregulates cytotoxic responses to virally infected cells. Besides these characteristics, IFN-λ also has additional activities in the immune system. In fact, it induces the proliferation of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells mediated in part by dendritic cells and inhibit the production of IL-5 and IL-13 in vitro. Regulatory T cells and the Th2 cytokines like IL-5 and IL-13 play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. In humans, there seems to be an inverse link between IFN-λ and the severity of allergic asthma and allergic asthma exacerbations. Asthmatic patients, without a detectable viral infection show an inverse correlation between IL-28 and IL-29 mRNA levels and severity of allergic responses in the airways. These additional features of IFN-λ that affect the adaptive immune system make it a potential immunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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24
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Schwantes EA, Manthei DM, Denlinger LC, Evans MD, Gern JE, Jarjour NN, Mathur SK. Interferon gene expression in sputum cells correlates with the Asthma Index Score during virus-induced exacerbations. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:813-21. [PMID: 24450586 PMCID: PMC4037351 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The majority of asthma exacerbations are related to viral respiratory infections. Some, but not all, previous studies have reported that low interferon responses in patients with asthma increase the risk for virus‐induced exacerbations. Objective We sought to determine the relationship between lower airway inflammatory biomarkers, specifically interferon gene expression, and the severity or presence of an exacerbation in asthmatics experiencing a naturally occurring viral infection. Methods Sputum samples were analysed from subjects in an asthma exacerbation study who experienced a confirmed viral infection. Subjects were monitored for daily symptoms, medication use and peak expiratory flow rate until baseline. Sputum samples were assessed for cell counts and gene expression. Results Interferon gamma expression was significantly greater in patients with asthma exacerbations compared to non‐exacerbating patients (P = 0.002). IFN‐α1, IFN‐β1 and IFN‐γ mRNA levels correlated with the peak Asthma Index (r = 0.58, P < 0.001; r = 0.57, P = 0.001; and r = 0.51, P = 0.004, respectively). Additionally, IL‐13, IL‐10 and eosinophil major basic protein mRNA levels were greater in patients with asthma exacerbations compared to non‐exacerbating patients (P = 0.03, P = 0.06 and P = 0.02, respectively), and IL‐13 mRNA correlated with the peak Asthma Index (P = 0.006). Conclusions Our findings indicate that asthma exacerbations are associated with increased rather than decreased expression of interferons early in the course of infection. These findings raise the possibility that excessive virus‐induced interferon production during acute infections can contribute to airway inflammation and exacerbations of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Schwantes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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25
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Galani IE, Koltsida O, Andreakos E. Type III interferons (IFNs): Emerging Master Regulators of Immunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 850:1-15. [PMID: 26324342 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15774-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lambda interferons (IFN-λs), type III interferons or interleukins 28 and 29 are the latest addition to the class II cytokine family. They share low homology with the interferon (IFN) and IL-10 cytokine families, yet they exhibit common and unique activities, the full spectrum of which still remains incompletely understood. Although initially described for their antiviral functions, it is now appreciated that IFN-λs also mediate diverse antitumor and immune-modulatory effects, and are key determinants of innate immunity at mucosal sites such as the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracks. Here, we are reviewing the biological functions of IFN-λs, the mechanisms controlling their expression, their downstream effects and their role in the maintenance of homeostasis and disease. We are also exploring the potential application of IFN-λs as novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna E Galani
- Department of Immunology, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
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26
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Holtzman MJ, Byers DE, Alexander-Brett J, Wang X. The role of airway epithelial cells and innate immune cells in chronic respiratory disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:686-98. [PMID: 25234144 PMCID: PMC4782595 DOI: 10.1038/nri3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An abnormal immune response to environmental agents is generally thought to be responsible for causing chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Based on studies of experimental models and human subjects, there is increasing evidence that the response of the innate immune system is crucial for the development of this type of airway disease. Airway epithelial cells and innate immune cells represent key components of the pathogenesis of chronic airway disease and are emerging targets for new therapies. In this Review, we summarize the innate immune mechanisms by which airway epithelial cells and innate immune cells regulate the development of chronic respiratory diseases. We also explain how these pathways are being targeted in the clinic to treat patients with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Holtzman
- 1] Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Derek E Byers
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer Alexander-Brett
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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27
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Li Y, Gao Q, Yuan X, Zhou M, Peng X, Liu X, Zheng X, Xu D, Li M. Adenovirus expressing IFN-λ1 (IL-29) attenuates allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in experimental asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:156-62. [PMID: 24819718 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is thought to result from the generation of T helper type 2 (Th2) responses, leading to bronchial inflammation. IFN-λ1 (also known as IL-29) is a recently described member of the IFN-λ family and has been shown to decrease production of Th2 cytokines in vitro. However, the role and mechanism of IFN-λ1 in asthma remain unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to clarify the importance of IFN-λ1 in allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation. METHODS We used a murine model for ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma to examine the effect of intranasal delivery of recombinant adenovirus expressing human IFN-λ1 (Ad-hIFN-λ1) on AHR and allergic airway inflammation. RESULTS Intranasal instillation of Ad-hIFN-λ1 before airway antigen challenge in OVA-immunized mice significantly decreased the severity of AHR and numbers of eosinophils and levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, but not IL-10 and IFN-γ; both in vivo, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in vitro, following stimulation of lymphocytes from spleens with OVA, compared with administration of a control virus (Ad-mock). Furthermore, Ad-hIFN-λ1 treatment inhibited serum IgE secretion and increased numbers of splenic CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) Treg cells. Histological studies showed that Ad-hIFN-λ1 attenuated OVA-induced lung tissue eosinophilia. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that delivery of the Ad-hIFN-λ1 can mitigate allergic airway inflammation in experimental asthma. The potent immunoregulatory action of IFN-λ1 may offer a novel therapeutic approach to treat allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qiaoyan Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xianli Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zheng
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Damo Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Mingcai Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Immunology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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28
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Egli A, Santer DM, O'Shea D, Tyrrell DL, Houghton M. The impact of the interferon-lambda family on the innate and adaptive immune response to viral infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2014; 3:e51. [PMID: 26038748 PMCID: PMC4126180 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type-III interferons (IFN-λ, IFNL) are the most recently described family of IFNs. This family of innate cytokines are increasingly being ascribed pivotal roles in host-pathogen interactions. Herein, we will review the accumulating evidence detailing the immune biology of IFNL during viral infection, and the implications of this novel information on means to advance the development of therapies and vaccines against existing and emerging pathogens. IFNLs exert antiviral effects via induction of IFN-stimulated genes. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFNL3, IFNL4 and the IFNL receptor α-subunit genes have been strongly associated with IFN-α-based treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The clinical impact of these SNPs may be dependent on the status of viral infection (acute or chronic) and the potential to develop viral resistance. Another important function of IFNLs is macrophage and dendritic cell polarization, which prime helper T-cell activation and proliferation. It has been demonstrated that IFNL increase Th1- and reduce Th2-cytokines. Therefore, can such SNPs affect the IFNL signaling and thereby modulate the Th1/Th2 balance during infection? In turn, this may influence the subsequent priming of cytotoxic T cells versus antibody-secreting B cells, with implications for the breadth and durability of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Egli
- Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel , 4031 Basel, Switzerland ; Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Basel , 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deanna M Santer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Daire O'Shea
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada ; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms that cause and exacerbate allergic asthmatic disease is of great clinical interest. Clinical studies have revealed that allergies and viral respiratory illnesses are strongly linked to the inception and exacerbation of asthma, and suggest the possibility that there are interactive inflammatory mechanisms. Recent work has revealed a number of mechanisms of virus and allergen cross-talk that may play a role in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, including (1) deficiency in virus-induced interferon responses, (2) defective epithelial barrier function, (3) increased release of epithelium-derived cytokines (e.g., thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33), (4) dysregulation of lymphocytes [e.g., innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs)], and (5) altered activation of purinergic receptors. One or more of these processes may provide targets for new therapeutics to treat allergic asthma and prevent disease exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Gavala
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hiba Bashir
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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30
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Tillie-Leblond I, Deschildre A, Gosset P, de Blic J. Difficult childhood asthma: management and future. Clin Chest Med 2013; 33:485-503. [PMID: 22929097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of severe asthma implies the definition of different entities, that is, difficult asthma and refractory severe asthma, but also the different phenotypes included in the term refractory severe asthma. A complete evaluation by a physician expert in asthma is necessary, adapted for each child. Identification of mechanisms involved in different phenotypes in refractory severe asthma may improve the therapeutic approach. The quality of care and monitoring of children with severe asthma is as important as the prescription drug, and is also crucial for differentiating between severe asthma and difficult asthma, whereby expertise is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Tillie-Leblond
- Pulmonary Department, University Hospital, Medical University of Lille, Hôpital Calmette, 1 Boulevard Leclercq, Lille Cedex 59037, France.
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31
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IL-17A in human respiratory diseases: innate or adaptive immunity? Clinical implications. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:840315. [PMID: 23401702 PMCID: PMC3562607 DOI: 10.1155/2013/840315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of IL-17 in 1995 as a T-cell cytokine, inducing IL-6 and IL-8 production by fibroblasts, and the report of a separate T-cell lineage producing IL-17(A), called Th17 cells, in 2005, the role of IL-17 has been studied in several inflammatory diseases. By inducing IL-8 production and subsequent neutrophil attraction towards the site of inflammation, IL-17A can link adaptive and innate immune responses. More specifically, its role in respiratory diseases has intensively been investigated. We here review its role in human respiratory diseases and try to unravel the question whether IL-17A only provides a link between the adaptive and innate respiratory immunity or whether this cytokine might also be locally produced by innate immune cells. We furthermore briefly discuss the possibility to reduce local IL-17A production as a treatment option for respiratory diseases.
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32
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Baraldo S, Contoli M, Bazzan E, Turato G, Padovani A, Marku B, Calabrese F, Caramori G, Ballarin A, Snijders D, Barbato A, Saetta M, Papi A. Deficient antiviral immune responses in childhood: distinct roles of atopy and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:1307-14. [PMID: 22981791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired immune response to viral infections in atopic asthmatic patients has been recently reported and debated. Whether this condition is present in childhood and whether it is affected by atopy per se deserves further investigation. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate airway interferon production in response to rhinovirus infection in children who are asthmatic, atopic, or both and its correlation with the airway inflammatory profile. METHODS Bronchial biopsy specimens and epithelial cells were obtained from 47 children (mean age, 5 ± 0.5 years) undergoing bronchoscopy. The study population included asthmatic children who were either atopic or nonatopic, atopic children without asthma, and children without atopy or asthma. Rhinovirus type 16 induction of IFN-λ and IFN-β mRNA and protein levels was assessed in bronchial epithelial cell cultures. The immunoinflammatory profile was evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry in bronchial biopsy specimens. RESULTS Rhinovirus type 16-induced interferon production was significantly reduced in atopic asthmatic, nonatopic asthmatic, and atopic nonasthmatic children compared with that seen in nonatopic nonasthmatic children (all P < .05). Increased rhinovirus viral RNA levels paralleled this deficient interferon induction. Additionally, IFN-λ and IFN-β induction correlated inversely with the airway T(H)2 immunopathologic profile (eosinophilia and IL-4 positivity: P < .05 and r = -0.38 and P < .05 and r = -0.58, respectively) and with epithelial damage (P < .05 and r = -0.55). Furthermore, total serum IgE levels correlated negatively with rhinovirus-induced IFN-λ mRNA levels (P < .05 and r = -0.41) and positively with rhinovirus viral RNA levels (P < .05 and r = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Deficient interferon responses to rhinovirus infection are present in childhood in asthmatic subjects irrespective of their atopic status and in atopic patients without asthma. These findings suggest that deficient immune responses to viral infections are not limited to patients with atopic asthma but are present in those with other T(H)2-oriented conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Baraldo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Zheng YW, Li H, Yu JP, Zhao H, Wang SE, Ren XB. Interferon-λs: special immunomodulatory agents and potential therapeutic targets. J Innate Immun 2012; 5:209-18. [PMID: 23207147 PMCID: PMC6741515 DOI: 10.1159/000345365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-λs are a new addition to the old IFN family and share many similarities, such as antiviral and antiproliferative characteristics, with type I IFNs. IFN-λs also exhibit unique characteristics in immunomodulation. Accumulating studies have indicated the interactions between IFN-λs and immune cells, which lead to the regulation of the latter. IFN-λs can influence dendritic cells (DCs) and their product, IFN-λs-DCs, can then regulate the function of T cells. On the other hand, IFN-λs can also directly affect T cells through inhibition of the T helper 2 cell (Th2) responses. IFN-λs have varying immunomodulatory functions under different physiological conditions or in different organs and can inhibit tumor growth via regulation of the immune system. Diseases associated with IFN-λs include asthma, allergy, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the biology of IFN-λs and their immunomodulatory function in relevant human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-wen Zheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-pu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- Division of Tumor Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, Calif., USA
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Abstract
Exacerbations occur frequently in severe asthma. They result in significant morbidity and can lead to hospitalization and death. Severe exacerbations can also lead to an accelerated decline in lung function. Phenotyping severe asthma can aid with both prognostication of exacerbation risk and maintenance treatment selection to minimize future risks of exacerbations in severe asthma. The rate of exacerbations differs by phenotype, and is most frequent in refractory eosinophilic asthma and early onset allergic asthma. Phenotype specific therapy can reduce exacerbations in both these forms of severe asthma. Exacerbations are multi-component events. Each exacerbation represents an opportunity to assess and target treatment to the domains of airway pharmacotherapy, self-management behaviour, risk factors, and relevant co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M McDonald
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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35
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Holtzman MJ. Asthma as a chronic disease of the innate and adaptive immune systems responding to viruses and allergens. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2741-8. [PMID: 22850884 DOI: 10.1172/jci60325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the pathogenesis of asthma has traditionally concentrated on environmental stimuli, genetic susceptibilities, adaptive immune responses, and end-organ alterations (particularly in airway mucous cells and smooth muscle) as critical steps leading to disease. The focus of this cascade has been the response to allergic stimuli. An alternative scheme suggests that respiratory viruses and the consequent response of the innate immune system also drives the development of asthma as well as related inflammatory diseases. This conceptual shift raises the possibility that sentinel cells such as airway epithelial cells, DCs, NKT cells, innate lymphoid cells, and macrophages also represent critical components of asthma pathogenesis as well as new targets for therapeutic discovery. A particular challenge will be to understand and balance the innate as well as the adaptive immune responses to defend the host against acute infection as well as chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Holtzman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Ueta M, Kinoshita S. Ocular surface inflammation is regulated by innate immunity. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012; 31:551-75. [PMID: 22728145 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
On the ocular surface, as in the intestines and airway, the surface epithelium serves a critical function as the front-line defense of the mucosal innate immune system. Although the detection of microbes is arguably the most important task of the immune system, an exaggerated epithelial host defense reaction to endogenous bacteria may initiate and perpetuate inflammatory mucosal responses. In this review we first describe commensal bacteria found on the ocular surface, which is in contact with the ocular surface epithelium. We also discuss the innate immunity of the ocular surface epithelium and we present the allergic reaction regulated by ocular surface epithelial cells. We address ocular surface inflammation due to disordered innate immunity and we present our hypothesis that the onset of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) with severe ocular surface complications, a devastating ocular surface inflammatory disease, is strongly associated with abnormality of the innate immune system. In this review we raise the possibility that some ocular surface inflammatory diseases are pathogenetically related with a disordered innate immune response. Focusing on the innate immunity of the ocular surface might help to elucidate the pathogenesis of various ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Hirokoji, Kawaramachi, Kamigyoku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan.
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Miller EK, Hernandez JZ, Wimmenauer V, Shepherd BE, Hijano D, Libster R, Serra ME, Bhat N, Batalle JP, Mohamed Y, Reynaldi A, Rodriguez A, Otello M, Pisapia N, Bugna J, Bellabarba M, Kraft D, Coviello S, Ferolla FM, Chen A, London SJ, Siberry GK, Williams JV, Polack FP. A mechanistic role for type III IFN-λ1 in asthma exacerbations mediated by human rhinoviruses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:508-16. [PMID: 22135341 PMCID: PMC3361761 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201108-1462oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are the leading cause of upper respiratory infections and have been postulated to trigger asthma exacerbations. However, whether HRV are detected during crises because upper respiratory infections often accompany asthma attacks, or because they specifically elicit exacerbations, is unclear. Moreover, although several hypotheses have been advanced to explain virus-induced exacerbations, their mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of HRV in pediatric asthma exacerbations and the mechanisms mediating wheezing. METHODS We prospectively studied 409 children with asthma presenting with upper respiratory infection in the presence or absence of wheezing. Candidate viral and immune mediators of illness were compared among children with asthma with different degrees of severity of acute asthma. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS HRV infections specifically associated with asthma exacerbations, even after adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical variables defined a priori (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.99; P = 0.005). No difference in virus titers, HRV species, and inflammatory or allergic molecules was observed between wheezing and nonwheezing children infected with HRV. Type III IFN-λ(1) levels were higher in wheezing children infected with HRV compared with nonwheezing (P < 0.001) and increased with worsening symptoms (P < 0.001). Moreover, after adjusting for IFN-λ(1), children with asthma infected with HRV were no longer more likely to wheeze than those who were HRV-negative (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-2.46; P = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that HRV infections in children with asthma are specifically associated with acute wheezing, and that type III IFN-λ(1) responses mediate exacerbations caused by HRV. Modulation of IFN- λ(1) should be studied as a therapeutic target for exacerbations caused by HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Kathryn Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Johanna Zea Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Bryan E. Shepherd
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Diego Hijano
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Libster
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Niranjan Bhat
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Yassir Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrea Reynaldi
- Hospital Mi Pueblo, Florencia Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Nestor Pisapia
- Hospital V. Lopez y Planes, General Rodriguez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - David Kraft
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Aaron Chen
- Children's Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie J. London
- NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - George K. Siberry
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John V. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Fernando P. Polack
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Interferon lambda: a new sword in cancer immunotherapy. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:349575. [PMID: 22190970 PMCID: PMC3235441 DOI: 10.1155/2011/349575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) family has considerably contributed to our understanding of the role of interferon not only in viral infections but also in cancer. IFN-λ proteins belong to the new type III IFN group. Type III IFN is structurally similar to type II IFN (IFN-γ) but functionally identical to type I IFN (IFN-α/β). However, in contrast to type I or type II IFNs, the response to type III IFN is highly cell-type specific. Only epithelial-like cells and to a lesser extent some immune cells respond to IFN-λ. This particular pattern of response is controlled by the differential expression of the IFN-λ receptor, which, in contrast to IFN-α, should result in limited side effects in patients. Recently, we and other groups have shown in several animal models a potent antitumor role of IFN-λ that will open a new challenging era for the current IFN therapy.
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Siegel R, Eskdale J, Gallagher G. Regulation of IFN-λ1 promoter activity (IFN-λ1/IL-29) in human airway epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:5636-44. [PMID: 22058416 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The type III (λ) IFNs (IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, and IFN-λ3) and their receptor are the most recently discovered IFN family. They are induced by viruses and mediate antiviral activity, but type III IFNs have an important, specific functional niche at the immune/epithelial interface, as well as in the regulation of Th2 cytokines. Their expression appears diminished in bronchial epithelial cells of rhinovirus-infected asthmatic individuals. We investigated the regulation of IFN-λ1 expression in human airway epithelial cells using reporter genes analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, small interfering RNA knockdown, and DNase footprinting. In this article, we define the c-REL/p65 NF-κB heterodimer and IRF-1 as key transcriptional activators and ZEB1, B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1, and the p50 NF-κB homodimer as key repressors of the IFN-λ1 gene. We further show that ZEB1 selectively regulates type III IFNs. To our knowledge, this study presents the first characterization of any type III IFN promoter in its native context and conformation in epithelial cells and can now be applied to understanding pathogenic dysregulation of IFN-λ1 in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Siegel
- Genetic Immunology Laboratory, HUMIGEN LLC, Institute for Genetic Immunology, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ 08690, USA
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Holtzman M, Patel D, Kim HJ, You Y, Zhang Y. Hypersusceptibility to respiratory viruses as a shared mechanism for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 44:739-42. [PMID: 21653905 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0120ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Holtzman MJ, Patel DA, Zhang Y, Patel AC. Host epithelial-viral interactions as cause and cure for asthma. Curr Opin Immunol 2011; 23:487-94. [PMID: 21703838 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Research on the pathogenesis of asthma has concentrated on initial stimuli, genetic susceptibilities, adaptive immune responses, and end-organ alterations (particularly in airway mucous cells and smooth muscle) as critical steps leading to disease. Recent evidence indicates that the innate immune cell response to respiratory viruses also contributes to the development of inflammatory airway disease. We further develop this concept by raising the issue that the interaction between host airway epithelial cells and respiratory viruses is another aspect of innate immunity that is also a critical determinant of asthma. We also introduce a rationale for how antiviral performance at the epithelial cell level might be improved to prevent acute infectious illness and chronic inflammatory disease caused by respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Holtzman
- Drug Discovery Program, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Koltsida O, Hausding M, Stavropoulos A, Koch S, Tzelepis G, Ubel C, Kotenko SV, Sideras P, Lehr HA, Tepe M, Klucher KM, Doyle SE, Neurath MF, Finotto S, Andreakos E. IL-28A (IFN-λ2) modulates lung DC function to promote Th1 immune skewing and suppress allergic airway disease. EMBO Mol Med 2011; 3:348-61. [PMID: 21538995 PMCID: PMC3377081 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-28 (IFN-λ) cytokines exhibit potent antiviral and antitumor function but their full spectrum of activities remains largely unknown. Recently, IL-28 cytokine family members were found to be profoundly down-regulated in allergic asthma. We now reveal a novel role of IL-28 cytokines in inducing type 1 immunity and protection from allergic airway disease. Treatment of wild-type mice with recombinant or adenovirally expressed IL-28A ameliorated allergic airway disease, suppressed Th2 and Th17 responses and induced IFN-γ. Moreover, abrogation of endogenous IL-28 cytokine function in IL-28Rα−/− mice exacerbated allergic airway inflammation by augmenting Th2 and Th17 responses, and IgE levels. Central to IL-28A immunoregulatory activity was its capacity to modulate lung CD11c+ dendritic cell (DC) function to down-regulate OX40L, up-regulate IL-12p70 and promote Th1 differentiation. Consistently, IL-28A-mediated protection was absent in IFN-γ−/− mice or after IL-12 neutralization and could be adoptively transferred by IL-28A-treated CD11c+ cells. These data demonstrate a critical role of IL-28 cytokines in controlling T cell responses in vivo through the modulation of lung CD11c+ DC function in experimental allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Koltsida
- Center for Immunology and Transplantation, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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He S, Li T, Chen H, Ma W, Yao Q, Yang H, Wang H, Wang F, Zhao C, Yang P. CD14+ cell-derived IL-29 modulates proinflammatory cytokine production in patients with allergic airway inflammation. Allergy 2011; 66:238-46. [PMID: 20726961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-29 is a newly described cytokine that has anti-viral activity, induces tumor cell death and regulates immune function. Whether it plays a role in immune disorders is unclear. This study aims to examine the role of IL-29 in the modulation of immune response under allergic environment. METHODS A group of patients with allergic asthma or/and allergic rhinitis was recruited to this study. Serum samples were collected from the patients in both in-season and out-season; the serum levels of IL-29 were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Cell types of IL-29-producing cells in upper airway mucosa were identified with immune staining and examined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS High serum levels of IL-29 were detected in patients with allergic asthma in in-season, but not in out-season. The majority of IL-29(+) cells in upper airway tissue were CD14(+) cells. Exposure to specific antigens triggered the release of IL-4 from antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells; the released IL-4 activated CD14(+) cells to release IL-29; the released IL-29 further triggered the release of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor from CD4(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-29 is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation via modulating immune cells' function to release proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S He
- Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Abstract
This review addresses three subjects: the innate immunity of the ocular surface epithelium, innate immunity and ocular surface inflammation, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and abnormality of innate immunity. In innate immunity of the ocular surface epithelium, ocular surface epithelial cells respond selectively to microbial components and induce limited inflammation, whereas immune-competent cells such as macrophages can recognize various microbial components through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and induce inflammation to exclude the microbes. The difference between macrophages and ocular surface epithelial cells may be caused by the dissimilarity in the degree of coexistence with commensal bacteria. The unique innate immune response of ocular surface epithelium might contribute to coexistence with commensal bacteria. In innate immunity and ocular surface inflammation, we speculate that an abnormality in the proper innate immunity of the ocular surface may result in ocular surface inflammation. Our investigation shows that TLR3 positively regulates the late-phase reaction of experimental allergic conjunctivitis, which causes reduced eosinophilic conjunctival inflammation in TLR3KO (knockout) mice and pronounced eosinophilic conjunctival inflammation in TLR3Tg mice. We also demonstrate that human ocular surface epithelial cells can be induced to express many transcripts, including antiviral innate immune response-related genes and allergy-related genes, through polyI:C stimulation. Furthermore, we show that IkappaBzeta KO mice exhibit severe, spontaneous ocular surface inflammation accompanied by the eventual loss of almost all goblet cells and spontaneous perioral inflammation. IkappaBzeta is induced by diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns and regulates nuclear factor-kappaB activity, possibly to prevent excessive inflammation in the presence of bacterial components. The spontaneous ocular surface inflammation observed in IkappaBzeta KO mice suggested that dysfunction/abnormality of innate immunity can play a role in ocular surface inflammation. In SJS and abnormality of innate immunity, we considered the possibility that there may be an association between SJS and a disordered innate immune response. In gene expression analysis of CD14 cells, we found that IL4R gene expression was different in patients with SJS/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and controls on lipopolysaccharide stimulation, being downregulated in patients with SJS/TEN and slightly upregulated in the controls. The expression of IkappaBzeta- and interleukin (IL)-1alpha-specific mRNA in patients with SJS/TEN was lower than in normal controls after 1-hour culture. Although SJS/TEN can be induced by drugs, not all individuals treated with these drugs developed SJS/TEN. Because the incidence of SJS/TEN is very low, we suspected a genetic predisposition and performed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analysis using candidate genes associated with innate immunity, apoptosis, or allergy. We found that TLR3 SNP rs.3775296 and IL4R SNP rs.1801275 (Gln551Arg) were strongly associated (P<0.0005) with SJS/TEN with ocular surface complications, FasL rs.3830150 SNP was mildly associated (P<0.005), and IL13 rs.20541 (Arg110Gln) and IkappaBzeta SNP rs.595788G/A exhibited a weak association (P<0.05). Genetic and environmental factors may play a role in an integrated cause of SJS, and there is the possibility of an association between SJS and a disordered innate immunity.
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Jackson DJ, Johnston SL. The role of viruses in acute exacerbations of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:1178-87; quiz 1188-9. [PMID: 20513517 PMCID: PMC7172767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections are the most common cause of an acute asthma exacerbation in both children and adults and represent a significant global health burden. An increasing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that these infections cause a greater degree of morbidity in asthmatic subjects than in the healthy population, emphasizing a discrepancy in the antiviral response of asthmatics. In this review we discuss why such a discrepancy might exist, examining the role of the bronchial epithelium as well as the main inflammatory cells, mediators, and molecular pathways that are involved in the immune response. In addition, the potential impact of virus-induced asthma exacerbations on airway remodelling is reviewed and we explore which therapeutic options might be of benefit in preventing the deterioration of asthma control seen following viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Jackson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Gallagher G, Megjugorac NJ, Yu RY, Eskdale J, Gallagher GE, Siegel R, Tollar E. The lambda interferons: guardians of the immune-epithelial interface and the T-helper 2 response. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30:603-15. [PMID: 20712455 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type-III interferons (IFNs) are the most recently discovered IFNs in the human immune system and have important, but as yet poorly characterized, functions in innate and adaptive immunity that complement their antiviral functions. It is now becoming clear that these type-III IFNs have a functional niche where epithelial surfaces interact with the adaptive immune system, that their antiviral capability is not as highly developed as that of the type-I IFNs, and that they have their own profile of immunomodulatory functions; specifically, they are key modulators of the T-helper (Th)2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Gallagher
- Genetic Immunology Laboratory, HUMIGEN LLC, The Institute for Genetic Immunology, Hamilton, New Jersey 08690, USA.
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Li M, Liu X, Zhou Y, Su SB. Interferon-lambdas: the modulators of antivirus, antitumor, and immune responses. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:23-32. [PMID: 19304895 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1208761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-lambdas, including IFN-lambda1, IFN-lambda2, and IFN-lambda3, also known as IL-29, IL-28A, or IL-28B, are a newly described group of cytokines distantly related to the type I IFNs and IL-10 family members. The IFN-lambdaR complex consists of a unique ligand-binding chain, IFN-lambdaR1 (also designated IL-28Ralpha), and an accessory chain, IL-10R2, which is shared with receptors for IL-10-related cytokines. IFN-lambdas signal through the IFN-lambdaR and activate pathways of JAK-STATs and MAPKs to induce antiviral, antiproliferative, antitumor, and immune responses. In this review, we summarize recent findings about the biology of IFN-lambdas and their pathophysiological roles in viral infection, cancer, and immune responses of the innate and adaptive arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Li
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Zhou L, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Hu S, Ye L, Hou W, Li H, Ho W. Activation of toll-like receptor-3 induces interferon-lambda expression in human neuronal cells. Neuroscience 2009; 159:629-37. [PMID: 19166911 PMCID: PMC2650740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the gene expression and regulation of type III human interferon (IFN), IFN-lambda, in human neuronal cells. Human neuronal cells expressed endogenous IFN-lambda1 but not IFN-lambda2/3. Upon the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 expressed in the neuronal cells by polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (PolyI:C), both IFN-lambda1 and IFN-lambda2/3 expression was significantly induced. The activation of TLR-3 also exhibited antiviral activity against pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection of the neuronal cells. Human neuronal cells also expressed functional IFN-lambda receptor complex, interleukin-28 receptor alpha subunit (IL-28Ralpha) and IL-10Rbeta, as evidenced by the observations that exogenous IFN-lambda treatment inhibited pseudotyped HIV-1 infection of the neuronal cells and induced the expression of apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC)3G/3F, the newly identified anti-HIV-1 cellular factors. These data provide direct and compelling evidence that there is intracellular expression and regulation of IFN-lambda in human neuronal cells, which may have an important role in the innate neuronal protection against viral infections in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhou
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical college of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - X. Wang
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
| | - Y.J. Wang
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
| | - Y. Zhou
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
| | - S.X. Hu
- Neuroimmunolgy laboratory, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - L. Ye
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
| | - W. Hou
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
| | - H. Li
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical college of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - W.Z. Ho
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
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