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Ashok P, Fäldt A, Dahlberg A, Durbeej N. Early emotional and behavioural problems predict use of habilitation services among children: Findings from a longitudinal follow-up study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303685. [PMID: 38753629 PMCID: PMC11098387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the association between early emotional and behavioural problems and use of habilitation services among children in Sweden. METHODS In this longitudinal cohort study, we used data on children, 3-5 years of age, whose mothers (n = 7343) and fathers (n = 6322) had responded to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for assessment of emotional and behavioural problems, and who were followed for approximately 6.5 years with regard to use of habilitation services. The relations between emotional and behavioural problems and use of habilitation services were explored through cox regression models. RESULTS In unadjusted models, children with identified emotional and behavioural problems were more likely to utilise habilitation services compared to those with no identified problems. These associations were shown for both mothers' (HR: 5.02) and fathers' (HR: 4.25) SDQ ratings. In adjusted cox-regression models, the associations remained significant for both mothers' (AHR: 4.24) and fathers' (AHR: 4.03) ratings. CONCLUSIONS Early emotional and behavioural problems predict later habilitation service use among children in Sweden. Assessment of these problems in all children at child health services could facilitate early identification and timely interventions. Habilitation centres in Sweden could integrate mental health care into the standard treatment for children using these services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Ashok
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Fäldt
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anton Dahlberg
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalie Durbeej
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Stewart SL, Dave HP, Lapshina N. Family dynamics, trauma, and child-related characteristics: examining factors associated with co-occurring mental health problems in clinically-referred children with and without an intellectual (and developmental) disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023; 27:701-714. [PMID: 35584277 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221093967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are common in youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This is a vulnerable group of children whose behavioural problems often have more complicated care needs than other children, which can place a great deal of stress on their families. However, the association of family mental health issues, level of intellectual ability, and diagnostic co-morbidity in children is relatively under-studied. In the present study, we investigated the relationship among child diagnoses, family mental health problems, risk for self-injury, and disruption in care among children with (N = 517) and without (N = 517) intellectual and developmental disabilities. A negative binomial regression showed that mental health problems in multiple family members, self-injurious behaviour, and self-reported abuse/trauma was related to greater likelihood of provisional diagnoses of co-occurring psychiatric disorders in both a clinically referred sample and a sample with IDD. Implications for care-planning are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiten P Dave
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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3
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Poole LB, Carlson JS, Batsche-McKenzie K, Tate J, Shank J. Examining the Effect of a Parent-to-Parent Intervention for Low-Income Youth with Serious Emotional and Behavioral Challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6435. [PMID: 37510667 PMCID: PMC10379319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous barriers to mental health utilization exist for families of children who present with serious emotional and behavioral challenges. Evidence-based practices that facilitate equitable outcomes across diverse populations are essential to identify. This study examined possible differential service outcomes in a Medicaid-funded, parent-to-parent intervention called Parent Support Partner (PSP). METHOD Data from four hundred and sixty-four parents who received PSP services were evaluated for possible demographic differences in service completion. Within-group analyses were utilized for an analysis of outcomes (parent change, child functioning; treatment acceptability) within a subset (N = 153) of those who completed services. RESULTS No racial disparities were found in those who completed PSP (43%) when compared to those who did not (57%). Regression analyses uncovered significant improvements in parent competence and confidence, as well as overall child functioning (global functioning across domains such as school, home, behaviors). Consistent with identifying evidence-based practices, findings were seen consistently across the diverse sample of those who completed PSP services. Improvements in parents' sense of competence and confidence were correlated with perceptions of treatment acceptability. DISCUSSION PSP is an innovative and promising intervention with demonstrated high levels of acceptability found to increase parent confidence and self-competence to advocate for treatments that can improve the mental health functioning of their child. Future investigations of factors associated with increasing PSP service completion and outcomes in larger and more diverse populations are necessary. Implications for considering and possibly adopting this evidence-informed practice within the nursing profession are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Poole
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - John S Carlson
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Kim Batsche-McKenzie
- Bureau of Children's Coordinated Health Policy and Support, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48933, USA
| | - Justin Tate
- Bureau of Children's Coordinated Health Policy and Support, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48933, USA
| | - Jane Shank
- Association for Children's Mental Health, Lansing, MI 48917, USA
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4
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Onwuakagba IU, Okoye EC, Simon LA, Okonkwo UP, Nwankwo MJ. Burden, needs, and attitudes of parents of children with cerebral palsy in a middle-income country. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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5
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Banda DR, Carter SL, Nguyen T. A qualitative study of financial concerns of mothers' of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 70:857-864. [PMID: 39131759 PMCID: PMC11308951 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2022.2152967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Parents have long been concerned with the transition to adulthood of their children with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) particularly with financial issues. The purpose of this study was to explore the financial concerns of mothers of adults with IDD. Five mothers of adults with IDD participated in a focus group to share their experiences, opinions, concerns, and challenges related to finances. Five themes emerged from the qualitative data analysis: (a) job-related difficulties, (b) living expenses, (c) access to essential services, (d), skills deficits and/or challenging behavior, and (e) long-term care. Mothers in general indicated tremendous financial burdens, loss of income, and expressed concerns about long-term care of their children with IDD. These themes are discussed and implications for practice and research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devender R. Banda
- Department of Special Education, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Stacy L. Carter
- Department of Special Education, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - The Nguyen
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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6
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Faught GG, Phillips BA, Conners FA. Permissive parenting mediates parental stress and child emotions in families of children with Down syndrome. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 35:1418-1428. [PMID: 36054429 PMCID: PMC10017012 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting styles mediate parental stress and child emotions in families of typically developing (TD) children. Our main aim was to study these relations in families of children with Down syndrome (DS), who in past research reported increased parental stress and permissive parenting. METHOD Our sample included 100 parents of children with DS and 72 parents of TD children age 4-12 years. Parents completed online surveys of parental adjustment and emotion regulation (ER), parenting styles, and child ER and mood. RESULTS Parents of children with DS reported more distress and permissive parenting than parents of TD children. Within parents of children with DS, there was an indirect effect of parental stress on child emotions through permissive parenting. This effect was partly conditional upon parental ER and positive adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Results have implications for distressed parents of children with DS whose families may benefit from improved coping strategies and increased support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle G. Faught
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - B. Allyson Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, Arkansas, USA
| | - Frances A. Conners
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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7
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Deb S, Limbu B. Support staff liaising effectively with family caregivers: Findings from a co-design event and recommendation for a staff training resource. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:977442. [PMID: 36245872 PMCID: PMC9555056 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.977442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A high proportion of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prescribed psychotropic medications such as antipsychotics, antidepressants etc., outside their licensed indications, primarily for the management of behaviors that challenge (BtC) in the absence of a psychiatric disorder. Examples of BtC are aggression to people and property or self-injury. BtC could be challenging to manage and may cause the person with ID/ASD and their caregivers distress, breakdown of community placement leading to hospitalization, and restrictive practices such as restraint or inappropriate medication use. Caregivers play a pivotal role in the prescribing process. However, many family caregivers feel that they have not been fully involved in the shared decision-making process about the care planning of their relatives with ID/ASD. To address the public health concern regarding the overuse of off-license prescribing in people with ID/ASD, we have recently developed a training programme called SPECTROM (Short-term Psycho-Education for Carers To Reduce OverMedication of people with intellectual disabilities) for direct care staff who support people with ID/ASD within community settings. We used co-production and a modified Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD) method to develop SPECTROM, which involved a literature review, four focus groups and a co-design event day involving 26 stakeholders. Recommendations from the co-design event day were analyzed by a Programme Development Group (PDG) consisting of 21 stakeholders who made the final recommendations to the project team regarding the contents and the format of SPECTROM, which was finalized after receiving feedback from further 59 stakeholders. SPECTROM has web-based resources introduced through two core modules in face-to-face workshops/training. A small field test found SPECTROM was effective in improving staff's knowledge of psychotropic medications and attitude toward BtC and people with ID (p < 0.05). One of the 14 STOMP modules is "Effective liaison with family carers and advocates". In this paper, we have presented data from the co-design event day recommendations for this particular module. The group recommended ways to improve collaborative working and effective shared decision-making with family caregivers and people with ID/ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumitro Deb
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bharati Limbu
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Bhat A. Analysis of the SPARK study COVID-19 parent survey: Early impact of the pandemic on access to services, child/parent mental health, and benefits of online services. Autism Res 2021; 14:2454-2470. [PMID: 34591364 PMCID: PMC8578426 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Children with ASD receive a multitude of educational, medical, and therapeutic services. At the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, all of these services came to a complete halt following strict lockdowns. Many services have resumed in a hybrid format using face to face and virtual modes of delivery. This study describes findings from the COVID‐19 impact survey administered at the onset of the pandemic in a subgroup of families from the SPARK cohort (N = 6393), one of the largest ASD cohorts in the US. The differential early impact of COVID‐19 on various subgroups of children with ASD and their families was examined. Caregivers of children and adolescents with ASD between 19 months and 18 years completed an online survey inquiring about the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on access to services, parent concerns about the same, impact on child's ASD‐related behaviors, child, and parent mental health, and the benefits/potential benefits of online/future online services. Analysis revealed that certain demographic (age, income/SES) and child‐related factors (repetitive behaviors, language, functional, cognitive, and motor impairments, and child's understanding), as well as parent's past mental health were associated with/predicted greater service disruptions, greater ASD‐related behaviors, and greater negative impact on parent mental health. In conclusion, younger children, children from low‐income families, and children with greater impairment severity (more severe repetitive behaviors, language, cognitive, function, language, and motor impairments) were more negatively impacted by the pandemic through service disruptions, increased ASD‐related behaviors, parent health/family impact, and found online interactions to be less beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bhat
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.,Biomechanics & Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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9
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Genik LM, Aerts EL, Nauman H, Barney CC, Lewis SP, McMurtry CM. A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating a Pain Training for Respite Workers Supporting Children With Disabilities Part Two: Training Evaluations and the Impact of Training on Knowledge Application. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 126:289-306. [PMID: 34161564 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-126.4.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Within a parallel-group randomized control trial, pain training's impact on Respite Workers' (RW) care approaches and training evaluations was explored. RW (n = 158) from 14 organizations received pain or control training following randomization. Researchers were blind until randomization; allocations were not shared explicitly with organizations/participants. Participants completed a strategy use questionnaire immediately before and an evaluation immediately after training completion. Four-to-6 weeks later, participants completed the strategy use questionnaire and semistructured focus groups. No differences in pain approaches were noted in strategy use questionnaires. Per focus groups, both groups acquired a "knowing" about pain and applied pain-related care approaches in similarly. Pain training participants identified need for "growing and strengthening" pain knowledge. Training endorsements were favorable. RW pain training has value and may impact practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Genik
- Lara M. Genik, Elisabeth L. Aerts, and Hiba Nauman, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisabeth L Aerts
- Lara M. Genik, Elisabeth L. Aerts, and Hiba Nauman, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiba Nauman
- Lara M. Genik, Elisabeth L. Aerts, and Hiba Nauman, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stephen P Lewis
- Stephen P. Lewis and C. Meghan McMurtry, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Meghan McMurtry
- Lara M. Genik, Elisabeth L. Aerts, and Hiba Nauman, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Genik LM, Aerts EL, Barata PC, Barney CC, Lewis SP, Newby-Clark I, McMurtry CM. A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating a Pain Assessment and Management Program for Respite Workers Supporting Children With Disabilities Part One: Pain-Related Knowledge and Perceptions. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 126:271-288. [PMID: 34161565 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-126.4.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This parallel group randomized controlled trial tested effectiveness of the Let's Talk About Pain training on respite workers' (RW) pain-related knowledge and feasibility-confidence-skill ratings using between-group and within-group analyses. Fourteen children's respite organizations were randomized to pain or control training. Participants (nintervention = 66; ncontrol = 92) underwent a 3-3.5 hour training and completed measures at pre-, post-, and 4-6 week follow-up. Intention-to-treat (nintervention = 65; ncontrol = 92) and per-protocol (nintervention = 26-38; ncontrol = 40-57) analyses were conducted. Pain training participants demonstrated significantly higher pain knowledge and feasibility-confidence-skill ratings post-follow-up versus control group and significant increases in knowledge from pre-post. Significant gains were maintained from post-follow-up. Results represent a promising step towards enhancing pain-related care for children with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Genik
- Lara M. Genik, Elisabeth L. Aerts, and Paula C. Barata, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisabeth L Aerts
- Lara M. Genik, Elisabeth L. Aerts, and Paula C. Barata, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paula C Barata
- Lara M. Genik, Elisabeth L. Aerts, and Paula C. Barata, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stephen P Lewis
- Stephen P. Lewis, Ian Newby-Clark, and C. Meghan McMurtry, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Newby-Clark
- Stephen P. Lewis, Ian Newby-Clark, and C. Meghan McMurtry, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Meghan McMurtry
- Lara M. Genik, Elisabeth L. Aerts, and Paula C. Barata, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Dada S, Bastable K, Halder S. The Role of Social Support in Participation Perspectives of Caregivers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities in India and South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6644. [PMID: 32933056 PMCID: PMC7558089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caregivers are an intrinsic component of the environment of children with intellectual disabilities. However, caregivers' capacity to support children's participation may be linked to the social support that they, as caregivers, receive. Social support may increase participation, educational, psychological, medical and financial opportunities. However, there is a lack of information on social support in middle-income countries. The current study described and compared the social support of caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities by using the Family Support Survey (FSS) in India and South Africa. The different types of social support were subsequently considered in relation to participation, using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). One hundred caregiver-child dyads from India and 123 from South Africa participated in this study. The data were analysed using non-parametric measures. Indian caregivers reported greater availability of more helpful support than did the South African caregivers. Social support was associated with children's participation diversity (India) and intensity (South Africa). The child-/caregiver-reported participation data showed different associations with participation. Results from this study suggest that perceived social support of caregivers differs between countries and is associated with their child's participation. These factors need to be considered when generalising results from different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Dada
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Humanities Faculty, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Kirsty Bastable
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Humanities Faculty, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Santoshi Halder
- Department of Education, University of Calcutta, Alipore Campus, 1 Reformatory St., Kolkata 700027, India;
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12
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Kaufman EA, Victor SE, Hipwell AE, Stepp SD. Reciprocal Influences of Parent and Adolescent Borderline Personality Symptoms Over 3 Years. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:130-145. [PMID: 32539621 PMCID: PMC10454519 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2020_34_483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Leading etiological theories implicate the family environment in shaping borderline personality disorder (BPD). Although a substantive literature explores familial aggregation of this condition, most studies focus on parent influence(s) on offspring symptoms without examining youth symptom influence on the parent. The current study investigated reciprocal relations between parent and adolescent BPD symptoms over time. Participants were 498 dyads composed of urban-living girls and their parents enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study (Pittsburgh Girls Study). The authors examined BPD severity scores assessed yearly when youth were ages 15-17 years in a series of cross-lagged panel models. After controlling for autoregressive effects, a measure of parent-child conflict, and an indicator of socioeconomic status, evidence of parental influence on adolescent symptoms did not emerge. However, adolescent BPD symptoms at age 16 predicted greater parent BPD symptoms at age 17 above the influence of depression. Results highlight the importance of considering the influence of youth BPD on parental symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Kaufman
- University of Western Ontario, Department of Psychology, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah E Victor
- Texas Tech University, Department of Psychology, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Werner S, Stern I, Roth D, Tenenbaum A. Help-Seeking by Parental Caregivers of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Dual Diagnosis. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2020; 46:321-333. [PMID: 30604003 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-018-00915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the roles of stigma and of enabling factors in help-seeking by parental caregivers of individuals with intellectual disabilities and dual diagnosis. Questionnaires were completed by 195 family caregivers. Lower family stigma was related to higher personal enabling factors (e.g. knowledge about services and previous experience in seeking help), which in turn was related to higher help-seeking behaviors. Higher professional enabling factors (e.g. attitude of the professional, services in the vicinity) were related to higher intentions to seek help, which were related to higher help-seeking behaviors. Professionals can help families achieve a greater sense of self-efficacy in their own help-seeking process by providing them with knowledge about services and facilitating a more positive experience in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirli Werner
- Center for Disability Studies, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work & Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, 91905, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ira Stern
- Center for Disability Studies, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work & Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, 91905, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Roth
- Research and Evaluation Department, Beit Issie Shapiro, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Ariel Tenenbaum
- Down syndrome and the IDD Evaluation Centers, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Werner S. Service use and perceptions of service effectiveness by parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities: comparing Jewish and Arab Israeli parental caregivers. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2019; 63:957-968. [PMID: 30775831 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between ethnicity, service use and perceptions of service effectiveness is inconclusive. This study examined differences in service use and perceptions of service effectiveness between Israeli Jewish (Jewish) and Israeli Arab (Arab) parental caregivers of individuals with intellectual disabilities and dual diagnosis of psychopathology. METHODS Parental caregivers (n = 186) of individuals with intellectual disabilities or dual diagnosis, aged 10 to 30 years, completed a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS Arab parental caregivers perceived health services to be more accessible than did Jewish caregivers, but there was no difference between the two groups in the use of the services. Overall, greater enabling factors and accessibility were associated with higher use of education and social services. No differences were found between the groups in their perceptions of service effectiveness. CONCLUSION Arab family caregivers use education and social services less than do their Jewish peers, possibly because they have fewer enabling resources. The finding that both groups reported similar use of health services may be explained by a shared perception that informal help may not be suitable for dealing with situations of psychopathology. The similar perceptions of service effectiveness may be explained by extensive services available in Israel, to the satisfaction of both groups, or by the fact that participants perceived these services as their only alternative, and therefore fear losing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Werner
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare and the Center for Disability Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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15
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Mantri-Langeveldt A, Dada S, Boshoff K. Measures for social support in raising a child with a disability: A scoping review. Child Care Health Dev 2019; 45:159-174. [PMID: 30690765 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of social support for caregivers raising a child with a disability have been identified in the literature. These benefits include the improvement of the mental and physical well-being of the caregivers, improvement in caregiving styles, and overall improvement of family quality of life. Whilst the benefits of social support are widely reported, the definitions and measures of social support in the literature are varied. METHOD A scoping review was therefore undertaken to identify and describe the tools used to measure social support of primary caregivers (i.e., parents or grandparents) raising a child (0-18 years) with a congenital disability in international studies. Ten databases were systematically searched. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included in the review, from which nine social support measures were identified. Attributes of the measures were searched from their referenced papers and described in terms of their reported psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS Through the identification of the measures of social support and ensuring its accurate measurement, direction can be provided for intervention by allowing professionals to detect and address social support available. Future recommendations for research are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Mantri-Langeveldt
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shakila Dada
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kobie Boshoff
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, South Australia
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Wasley D, Eden S. Predicting psychological distress of informal carers of individuals with major depression or bipolar disorder. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2018; 27:358-367. [PMID: 28317329 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Caring for someone with a mental illness is associated with high levels of burden and psychological distress. Understanding these factors could be important to prevent the development of physical and mental health problems in carers. The purpose of the present study was to determine the contribution of coping styles and social support in predicting the psychological distress reported by informal carers (IC) of individuals with major depression or bipolar disorder. IC (n = 72) of adults with a diagnosed depressive illness were recruited from mental health organizations within the community setting. Carers completed the General Health Questionnaire, Brief COPE, and Social Support Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that 63% of the variance in psychological distress could be accounted for by adaptive and maladaptive coping styles and perceived quantity and satisfaction with social support. Satisfaction with social support (β = -0.508, P < 0.001) and maladaptive coping (β = 0.369; P < 0.001) were significant predictors of psychological distress. These findings suggest that interventions should consider coping styles, specifically the interaction between maladaptive behaviours and enhancement of quality of support, to assist carers to manage psychological distress, especially earlier in the caring role.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wasley
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Samantha Eden
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Phillips BA, Conners F, Curtner-Smith ME. Parenting children with down syndrome: An analysis of parenting styles, parenting dimensions, and parental stress. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 68:9-19. [PMID: 28692948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective parenting is vital for a child's development. Although much work has been conducted on parenting typically developing children, little work has examined parenting children with Down syndrome. AIMS The purpose of the current study was to compare the parenting styles and dimensions in mothers of children with DS and mothers of TD children. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Thirty-five mothers of children with DS and 47 mothers of TD children completed questionnaires about parenting, parental stress, child behavior problems, and child executive function. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS We found that mothers of children with DS use an authoritative parenting style less and a permissive parenting style more than mothers of TD children. Additionally, we found that mothers of children with DS use reasoning/induction and verbal hostility less and ignoring misbehavior more than mothers of TD children. All of these differences, except for those of reasoning/induction, were at least partially accounted for by the higher levels of parental stress in the DS group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Parenting interventions should be focused on reducing parental stress and training mothers to parent under stress in an effort to improve parenting techniques, which would, in theory, improve long-term child outcomes for children with DS.
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Mediating Effects of Social Support on Quality of Life for Parents of Adults with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:2378-2389. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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McKechanie AG, Moffat VJ, Johnstone EC, Fletcher-Watson S. Links between Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic Status and Family Quality of Life. CHILDREN-BASEL 2017; 4:children4040023. [PMID: 28368363 PMCID: PMC5406682 DOI: 10.3390/children4040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life is often relatively lowered in families of children with additional needs, and this may be particularly the case where additional needs are accompanied by an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we explore the effects of diagnostic status specifically, comparing families with children with an ASD diagnosis with others who a) have additional needs but no signs of ASD; and b) have additional needs and signs of ASD but no diagnosis. Mothers (n = 76) of children with additional needs completed standardised questionnaires about quality of life, stress, service provision, child behaviour and presence and severity of ASD traits. In addition, a group of mothers of typically developing young people (n = 17) completed standardised questionnaires on individual and family quality of life and on the behaviour of their son or daughter. Mothers of typically developing young people had significantly higher individual and family quality of life scores than each of the three other groups. Increased severity of ASD was associated with increased maternal stress, which in turn was associated with decreased family and maternal quality of life. The group reporting the lowest quality of life and the highest stress were the mothers of individuals with signs of ASD but no diagnosis. This pattern did not seem to be explained by lack of access to services, or rates of intellectual disability or challenging behaviour in this sub-group. The finding that poor quality of life and high stress was most apparent in the sub-group of mothers with children who had signs of ASD but did not have a diagnosis of ASD suggests that an interesting topic for further investigation is whether receipt of a diagnosis itself can positively influence quality of life and levels of maternal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G McKechanie
- Clinical Research Fellow and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, The Patrick Wild Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK.
- The Salvesen Mindroom Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 1UW, UK.
| | - Vivien J Moffat
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK.
| | - Eve C Johnstone
- Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Honorary Assistant Principal, Mental Health Research Development and Public Understanding of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK.
| | - Sue Fletcher-Watson
- The Salvesen Mindroom Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 1UW, UK.
- Chancellor's Fellow, The Patrick Wild Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK.
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Tan SH. Assessing the needs of caregivers of children with disabilities in Penang, Malaysia. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2017; 25:447-457. [PMID: 26833929 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Disability in a child not only affects the child but also presents socioeconomic and psychological impacts to the child's family. This study aims to describe the service needs of caregivers of children with disabilities in the state of Penang, Malaysia, and to determine the child and family characteristics predisposing to having more caregiver needs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and June 2013 among caregivers of children aged 0-12 years with disabilities registered with the Penang Department of Social Welfare. Caregivers completed a self-administered mailed questionnaire containing a 20-item Caregiver Needs Scale (CNS). Each item in the CNS was rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 'help not at all needed' to 'help extremely needed'. A total of 273 surveys were available for analysis (response rate 34.0%). The CNS contained four domains. The 'Help getting Information and Services for child' domain had the highest mean score (3.61, 95% CI: 3.46, 3.77) followed by 'Help with Finances' (3.29, 95% CI: 3.13, 3.45) and 'Help Coping with child' (3.11, 95% CI: 2.97, 3.25), while the 'Help getting Childcare' domain had the lowest mean score (2.30, 95% CI: 2.13, 2.47). Multivariate regression analysis identified caregivers of younger children and with more severe disability as having more caregiver needs in all domains. Besides that, caregivers of children with learning disability needed more help getting information and help with coping. Caregivers of children with learning and multiple disabilities needed more help getting childcare compared to children with other disability. Caregivers of Indian ethnicity, who had less than a tertiary education and who themselves had medical problems needed more help with finances. The findings on caregiver needs in this study can help inform planning of family support services for children with disabilities in Penang, Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hong Tan
- Postgraduate Unit, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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21
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Smith CH, Graham CA, Herbert AR. Respite needs of families receiving palliative care. J Paediatr Child Health 2017; 53:173-179. [PMID: 27550644 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The care of a child with a life-limiting condition proves an emotional, physical and financial strain on the family that provides care for their child. Respite care is one way which allows carers to receive some relief and support in the context of this burden of care. The provision of and the requirements for respite in this context is poorly understood. This survey aims to describe the types of respite care families receive, the respite that they would ideally receive and the barriers that prevent this. METHODS A cohort of 34 families cared for by the Paediatric Palliative Care Service in Queensland were approached to participate in a 20-question survey about their current respite preferences for future respite, with 20 surveys returned. RESULTS Three of the families (15%) reported receiving no respite in the previous 12 months. Families who received respite received a combination of formal respite (a structured care provider) and informal respite (family or friends). Ten families (50%) reported that they would want the time of respite changed. Barriers to receiving adequate respite included complexity of care of the child, financial barriers and lack of a respite provider. CONCLUSIONS There is disparate provision of respite care with the main perceived barrier to attaining 'ideal respite' being the lack of a provider able to meet the complex care needs of their child. The provision of respite across diversity in geography; medical condition; social and cultural needs remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Smith
- Paediatric Palliative Care Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carol A Graham
- Paediatric Palliative Care Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony R Herbert
- Paediatric Palliative Care Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Schuiringa H, van Nieuwenhuijzen M, Orobio de Castro B, Lochman JE, Matthys W. Effectiveness of an Intervention for Children with Externalizing Behavior and Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disabilities: A Randomized Trial. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2016; 41:237-251. [PMID: 28344370 PMCID: PMC5346153 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of Standing Strong Together (SST), a combined group based parent and child intervention for externalizing behavior in 9-16 year-old children with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (MBID). Children with externalizing behavior and MBID (IQ from 55 to 85) (N = 169) were cluster randomly assigned to SST combined with care as usual or to care as usual only. SST led to a significant benefit on teacher reported but not on parent reported externalizing behavior. SST had significant effects on parent rated positive parenting and the parent-child relationship. The present study shows that a multicomponent group based intervention for children with MBID is feasible and has the potential to reduce children's externalizing behavior and improve both parenting behavior and the parent-child relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Schuiringa
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maroesjka van Nieuwenhuijzen
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Learn Research Institute for Learning and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Orobio de Castro
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John E. Lochman
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
- The Conduct Disorder Prevention Research Group, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
| | - Walter Matthys
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry of University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Erasmus A, Bornman J, Dada S. Afrikaans-speaking parents' perceptions of the rights of their children with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities: A descriptive investigation. J Child Health Care 2016; 20:234-42. [PMID: 25713007 DOI: 10.1177/1367493515569326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the perceptions of Afrikaans-speaking parents regarding the human rights, as defined by the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), of their children, aged between 8.0 and 14.11 (years/months), with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. The underlying premise is that the CRC defines the rights of children, whereas the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Child and Youth version (ICF-CY) can provide the framework for documenting a deprivation of rights and the conditions under which those rights can be realized. Forty-seven Afrikaans-speaking parents completed a custom-designed survey. The results of the closed-ended questions indicated that most parents felt that their children had rights and that these rights were met. A theme analysis performed on the open-ended questions revealed that parents were mostly concerned about their children's rights pertaining to school education and safety. These rights were discussed in terms of the CRC articles and linked to environmental codes of the ICF-CY. Finally, the limitations and implications of the study are discussed and recommendations are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alta Erasmus
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juan Bornman
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shakila Dada
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Interventions for Parents of People with Intellectual Disabilities. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-016-0088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Tilahun D, Hanlon C, Fekadu A, Tekola B, Baheretibeb Y, Hoekstra RA. Stigma, explanatory models and unmet needs of caregivers of children with developmental disorders in a low-income African country: a cross-sectional facility-based survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:152. [PMID: 27117326 PMCID: PMC4847244 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the perspectives of caregivers of children with developmental disorders living in low-income countries is important to inform intervention programmes. The purpose of this study was to examine the stigma experiences, explanatory models, unmet needs, preferred interventions and coping mechanisms of caregivers of children with developmental disorders in Ethiopia. METHODS Participants comprised caregivers (n = 102) of children with developmental disorders attending two child mental health clinics in Addis Ababa. The majority (66.7%; n = 68) had a diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID); 34 children (33.3%) had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as their primary diagnosis. All caregivers were administered a structured questionnaire via a face-to-face interview, which included an adaptation of the Family Interview Schedule, closed questions about socio-demographic characteristics, explanatory models of illness, type of interventions used or desired and coping strategies, and an open ended question regarding the family's unmet needs. RESULTS Most caregivers reported experience of stigma: 43.1% worried about being treated differently, 45.1% felt ashamed about their child's condition and 26.7% made an effort to keep their child's condition secret. Stigma did not depend on the type of developmental disorder, the child's age or gender, or on the age or level of education of the caregiver (all p > 0.05). Reported stigma was significantly higher in caregivers who had sought traditional help (p < 0.01), provided supernatural explanations for their child's condition (p = .02) and in caregivers of Orthodox Christian faith (p = .03). Caregivers gave a mixture of biomedical explanations (e.g. head injury (30.4%) or birth complications (25.5%)) and supernatural explanations (e.g. spirit possession (40.2%) or sinful act (27.5%)) for their child's condition. The biggest reported unmet need was educational provision for their child (74.5%), followed by treatment by a health professional (47.1%), financial support (30.4%) and expert help to support their child's development (27.5%). Most caregivers reported that talking to health professionals (86.3%) and family (85.3%) helped them to cope. Many caregivers also used support from friends (76.5%) and prayer (57.8%) as coping mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the stigma experienced by families caring for a child with a developmental disorder. Designing interventions appropriate for low-income settings that improve awareness about developmental disorders, decrease stigma, improve access to appropriate education and strengthen caregivers' support are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejene Tilahun
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Jimma University, College of Public Health and Medical Science, Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health, London, UK.
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, London, UK
| | - Bethlehem Tekola
- The Open University, Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Yonas Baheretibeb
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rosa A Hoekstra
- The Open University, Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
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Tint A, Lunsky Y. Individual, social and contextual factors associated with psychiatric care outcomes among patients with intellectual disabilities in the emergency department. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2015; 59:999-1009. [PMID: 26041621 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are disproportionately high users of psychiatric emergency services. Despite the demand for psychiatric assessments in the emergency department (ED), no clear guidelines have been established as to what factors should guide clinical decision-making processes. The current study aimed to explore individual, social and contextual factors related to psychiatric care outcomes among patients with ID in the emergency department. METHOD Emergency department charts were reviewed for 66 individuals with ID who visited the emergency department during a psychiatric crisis. RESULTS Standardised crisis severity scores were significantly higher in patients seen by psychiatrists as compared with patients who did not receive psychiatric consultations in the emergency department. A significantly greater proportion of patients with moderate or severe levels of ID (vs. borderline/mild) received psychiatric consultations. Emergency department visits resulting in inpatient hospital admission did not differ from those that did not, with the exception of the level of ID: patients admitted to psychiatric inpatient care were more likely to have moderate or severe levels of ID. CONCLUSIONS The psychiatric care experiences of patients with ID in the emergency department appear highly variable. Further research focused on emergency department clinical decision-making practices concerning this population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tint
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Y Lunsky
- Underserved Populations Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Soltau B, Biedermann J, Hennicke K, Fydrich T. Mental health needs and availability of mental health care for children and adolescents with intellectual disability in Berlin. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2015; 59:983-994. [PMID: 25716574 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased risk of mental health problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) has been reported in several studies. However, almost no research has been conducted on parents' experiences with the general mental health system. We have investigated the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in children with ID as well as the availability and quality of mental health care from the parents' point of view. METHODS Teachers of specialised schools for ID in Berlin were asked to complete the Teacher's Report Form (TRF) of the Child Behavior Checklist. Information was collected for 1226 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years with mild to profound ID (response 70.5%). The availability and quality of mental health care was assessed by a questionnaire given to parents who had already been seeking help for their children. A total of 330 parents completed the questionnaires (response 62.0%). In addition to univariate analysis, we conducted multiple logistic regressions regarding the psychopathology reported by teachers (TRF-syndrome scales) and difficulties concerning mental health care reported by parents for a paired sample of 308 children. RESULTS Overall, 52.4% of the children and adolescents with ID had a total problem score on the TRF in the deviant range (47.1% when eliminating four items reflecting cognitive deficits). Compared with the general population normative sample of children, this is a three-time higher prevalence. The most striking problems were thought problems (schizoid and obsessive-compulsive), aggressive behaviour, attention problems and social problems. Parents whose children had more severe behavioural or emotional dysfunction reported more difficulties with the mental health system. From the parents' point of view, mental health professionals frequently did not feel responsible or were not sufficiently skilled for the treatment of children with ID. As a consequence, 96% of all parents were longing for specialised in- and outpatient services. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the findings from other studies regarding the high rate of co-occurrence of ID and mental health problems in youths. Results indicate that both are strongly requested by parents: specialised in- and outpatient services, as well as more professional general services and equitable treatment for all children, with and without ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Soltau
- Institute of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Biedermann
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, Charité - University of Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Hennicke
- Institute of Curative Education and Social Therapy, Evangelische Fachhochschule Rheinland-Westfalen-Lippe, Bochum, Germany
| | - T Fydrich
- Institute of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Weiss JA, Tint A, Paquette-Smith M, Lunsky Y. Perceived self-efficacy in parents of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2015; 20:425-34. [PMID: 26019305 DOI: 10.1177/1362361315586292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many parents of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder experience difficulty accessing appropriate services for their children, and may report low levels of parent self-efficacy. In an effort to identify the factors that contribute to the difficulties these families face, this study examined the role of demographic, systemic, and clinical need variables as they relate to parents' experience of self-efficacy. Participants included 324 parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, 12-25 years of age. Results suggest that parent self-efficacy is related to a number of variables and not simply a child's clinical situation, including child age, parent immigrant status, barriers to service access, and caregiver burden. Given the crucial role that parents often play in the lives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan, it is important that service providers support the efforts of parents who provide and access care for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yona Lunsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
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29
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Mustafa HR, Short M, Fan S. Social Support Exchanges in Facebook Social Support Group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tvrdik T, Mason D, Dent KM, Thornton L, Hornton SN, Viskochil DH, Stevenson DA. Stress and coping in parents of children with Prader-Willi syndrome: Assessment of the impact of a structured plan of care. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:974-82. [PMID: 25755074 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphagia, developmental delays, and maladaptive behaviors are common in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) likely resulting in heightened parental stress. Objectives were to evaluate stress, describe usefulness of coping behaviors, and assess the impact of a structured Plan of Care (PC) on parents with children with PWS. Parents answered Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP), and narrative/demographic surveys. The PC was introduced to a cohort of parents after completion of the PSS-14 and CHIP and re-administered 4-6 month after the introduction of the PC. Higher parental stress (n = 57) was observed compared to the general population, and associated with parent's age, number of children living at home, and child's age and residential setting. "Maintaining family integration, cooperation, and an optimistic definition of the situation" was the most useful coping pattern. Thirty-eight parents answered the PSS-14 and CHIP after the PC. Parental stress decreased after the PC (P = 0.035). Coping behaviors related to "maintaining family integration" increased after the PC (P = 0.042). Women and men preferred different coping patterns before and after the PC. In conclusion, parental stress is increased in PWS, and a PC decreased stress and increased coping behaviors related to family stability for parents with children with PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Tvrdik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Tremblay A, Morin D. Use of a Psychometric Instrument as a Referral Process for the Required Level of Specialization of Health and Social Services. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane Morin
- Université du Québec à Montréal; Montreal Québec Canada
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Tremblay A, Morin D. Assessment of an Expert Committee as a Referral Process Within Health and Social Services. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane Morin
- Université du Québec à Montréal; Montreal Quebec Canada
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Picard I, Morin D, De Mondehare L. Psychoeducational Program for Parents of Adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Picard
- Clinique Régionale d'Évaluation du Développement de L'enfant de Lanaudière; Joliette Québec Canada
| | - Diane Morin
- Département de Psychologie; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montreal Québec Canada
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Tan SH. Development and psychometric properties of a scale assessing the needs of caregivers of children with disabilities. Disabil Health J 2015; 8:414-23. [PMID: 25595295 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Planning and evaluation of health care services for children with disabilities requires information on their caregivers' needs. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to present the development and psychometric properties of the Caregiver Needs Scale (CNS), a scale assessing the needs of caregivers of children with disabilities aged 0-12 years in Malaysia. METHODS Development of the scale went through a multistage process of literature review, modification of an existing instrument, input from experts and feedback from service users. Literature review identified content domains and response options. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was undertaken to identify subscales of caregiver needs. The internal consistency reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity of the new scale were examined. RESULTS 273 caregivers of children with disabilities completed the fielded questionnaire. EFA revealed 4 subscales of caregiver needs: need for 'Help getting information and services for the child,' 'Help coping with the child,' 'Help getting child care' and 'Help with finances.' Three items with factor loading <0.4 were dropped. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the subscales ranged from 0.813 to 0.903. Total CNS score correlated with number of child's needs and unmet needs. The score was also higher in families with financial and employment problems. CONCLUSION A new instrument was developed to assess the needs of caregivers of children with disabilities for use in the Malaysian population. The CNS showed satisfactory psychometric properties but further examination is warranted to confirm its validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hong Tan
- Postgraduate Unit, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Hodgetts S, Zwaigenbaum L, Nicholas D. Profile and predictors of service needs for families of children with autism spectrum disorders. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2014; 19:673-83. [PMID: 25073749 PMCID: PMC4509871 DOI: 10.1177/1362361314543531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Increasing demand for autism services is straining service systems. Tailoring services to best meet families’ needs could improve their quality of life and decrease burden on the system. We explored overall, best, and worst met service needs, and predictors of those needs, for families of children with autism spectrum disorders. Methods: Parents of 143 children with autism spectrum disorders (2–18 years) completed a survey including demographic and descriptive information, the Family Needs Survey–Revised, and an open-ended question about service needs. Descriptive statistics characterize the sample and determine the degree to which items were identified and met as needs. Predictors of total and unmet needs were modeled with regression or generalized linear model. Qualitative responses were thematically analyzed. Results: The most frequently identified overall and unmet service needs were information on services, family support, and respite care. The funding and quality of professional support available were viewed positively. Decreased child’s age and income and being an older mother predicted more total needs. Having an older child or mother, lower income, and disruptive behaviors predicted more total unmet needs, yet only disruptive behaviors predicted proportional unmet need. Child’s language or intellectual abilities did not predict needs. Conclusion: Findings can help professionals, funders, and policy-makers tailor services to best meet families’ needs.
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Marchal JP, Maurice-Stam H, Hatzmann J, van Trotsenburg ASP, Grootenhuis MA. Health related quality of life in parents of six to eight year old children with Down syndrome. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:4239-4247. [PMID: 24083990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Raising a child with Down syndrome (DS) has been found to be associated with lowered health related quality of life (HRQoL) in the domains cognitive functioning, social functioning, daily activities and vitality. We aimed to explore which socio-demographics, child functioning and psychosocial variables were related to these HRQoL domains in parents of children with DS. Parents of 98 children with DS completed the TNO-AZL adult quality of life questionnaire (TAAQOL) and a questionnaire assessing socio-demographic, child functioning and psychosocial predictors. Using multiple linear regression analyses for each category of predictors, we selected relevant predictors for the final models. The final multiple linear regression models revealed that cognitive functioning was best predicted by the sleep of the child (β=.29, p<.01) and by the parent having given up a hobby (β=-.29, p<.01), social functioning by the quality of the partner relation (β=.34, p<.001), daily activities by the parent having to care for an ill friend or family member (β=-.31, p<.01), and vitality by the parent having enough personal time (β=.32, p<.01). Overall, psychosocial variables rather than socio-demographics or child functioning showed most consistent and powerful relations to the HRQoL domains of cognitive functioning, social functioning, daily activities and vitality. These psychosocial variables mainly related to social support and time pressure. Systematic screening of parents to detect problems timely, and interventions targeting the supportive network and the demands in time are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pieter Marchal
- Academic Medical Center/Emma Children's Hospital, Psychosocial Department, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Azad G, Blacher J, Marcoulides GA. Mothers of children with developmental disabilities: stress in early and middle childhood. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:3449-3459. [PMID: 23920028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using a sample of 219 families of children with (n=94) and without (n=125) developmental disabilities, this study examined the longitudinal perspectives of maternal stress in early (ages 3-5) and middle childhood (ages 6-13) and its relationship to mothers' and children's characteristics. Multivariate latent curve models indicated that maternal stress remained high and stable with minimal individual variation in early childhood, but declined with significant individual variation in middle childhood. Maternal stress at the beginning of middle childhood was associated with earlier maternal stress, as well as children's behavioral problems and social skills. The trajectory of maternal stress across middle childhood was related to children's behavioral problems. Implications for interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi Azad
- University of California, Riverside, United States
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James N. The formal support experiences of family carers of people with an intellectual disability who also display challenging behaviour and/or mental health issues: what do carers say? JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2013; 17:6-23. [PMID: 23325117 DOI: 10.1177/1744629512472610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the findings of a literature review of research that has explored the support experiences of family carers of a person with an intellectual disability who displays challenging behaviour and/or has a mental health problem. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the reported experiences of family carers from recent research studies, about their own support. Having discussed the search strategy, definitions of challenging behaviour and mental health/illness are presented. Evidence concerning the needs of carers and the extent to which they are met is explored, and the need for consistency and good communication are highlighted. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations made for the development of future research and practice.
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Neece CL, Baker BL, Crnic K, Blacher J. Examining the Validity of ADHD as a Diagnosis for Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities: Clinical Presentation. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 41:597-612. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-012-9698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Clifford T, Minnes P. Who Participates in Support Groups for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders? The Role of Beliefs and Coping Style. J Autism Dev Disord 2012; 43:179-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sofronoff K, Jahnel D, Sanders M. Stepping Stones Triple P seminars for parents of a child with a disability: a randomized controlled trial. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2011; 32:2253-2262. [PMID: 21871779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Parents of children with a developmental disability require tailored parenting support, as their families have special needs and are at risk of increased burden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Stepping Stones Triple P seminars, a brief group intervention for parents of a child with a disability. There were two seminars that presented parenting strategies to improve both child behavior and parenting variables implicated in the development and maintenance of child problem behavior. Fifty-three parents participated in this randomized controlled trial. Each had a child, aged two to ten, with a disability. The results indicated significant reductions in child behavior problems, the use of dysfunctional parenting styles, and parental conflict reported by parents in the intervention group compared to a waitlist group. The results were maintained at 3-month follow-up and there was evidence of a sleeper effect for parenting confidence. This study demonstrated that the seminars provide a promising intervention for parents of children with a disability. Limitations and implications for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Sofronoff
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
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Jirikowic T, Gelo J, Astley S. Children and youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: summary of intervention recommendations after clinical diagnosis. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2010; 48:330-344. [PMID: 20973697 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-48.5.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) present with a wide range of developmental disabilities; however, clinical standards of care after a diagnosis are not well established. This retrospective review summarizes the types of intervention recommendations generated by an interdisciplinary FASD diagnostic team for 120 children ages 0.2 to 16.5 years receiving an FASD diagnosis at the University of Washington FAS Diagnostic & Prevention Network Clinic. Intervention recommendations documented in a FASD diagnostic summary report and submitted to each patient's medical record were subject to masked review and content analysis. Intervention recommendations were compared across 3 FASD diagnostic groups and selected demographic variables. The results show the type and frequency of services, supports, and resources recommended to a clinical sample of children with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Jirikowic
- University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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The Formal Support Experiences of Mothers of Adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities in Edinburgh, UK. J Nurs Res 2010; 18:34-43. [DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0b013e3181ce50be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Physical and mental health in mothers of children with Down syndrome. J Pediatr 2008; 153:320-6. [PMID: 18534233 PMCID: PMC2586647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the relationship between characteristics of the child with Down syndrome and the health of their mother. STUDY DESIGN Families with a child/young adult with Down syndrome (<25 years) provided information related to the health of the child, functioning and behavior, and the health and well-being of the mother (n = 250). RESULTS The mean physical health score of mothers was 50.2 (SD = 9.6). Factors associated with lower mean physical health scores were as follows: child having a current heart problem (P = .036), a higher body mass index (P = .006), and higher (poorer) scores on the Developmental Behavior Checklist. Better physical health scores were seen in mothers whose children required no help/supervision in learning new skills (P = .008) and domestic tasks (P = .014). The mean mental health score of mothers was 45.2 (SD = 10.6), significantly lower than the norm of 50 (P < .0001). Associated child factors included current ear problems (P = .079), muscle/bone problems (P = .004), >4 episodes of illness in past year (P = .016), and higher scores on the DBC (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The most important predictors of maternal health were children's behavioral difficulties, everyday functioning and current health status. Mothers of children with Down syndrome appear to experience poorer mental health and may require greater support and services to improve behavior management skills for their child and their own psychological well-being.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on the risk factors for increased mental health problems, and the types of psychopathology and their therapeutic management, in young people with intellectual disabilities. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies indicate that this population presents significantly more emotional and behavioural problems than their peers without intellectual disabilities. These problems are not adequately detected and treated by mental health professionals; the children's families are overburdened, psychosocially and economically disadvantaged and in need of specialist support and counselling. SUMMARY The mental health needs of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities are multiple, complex, persistent and costly, and for various reasons they are not adequately met. Prevention of mental health problems or early recognition through better screening followed by appropriate treatment are essential, in order to ensure better psychosocial adaptation of young people with intellectual disabilities. Inequalities in the provision of services must be addressed, and families helped through support and counselling, along with psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions for the children, as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Kolaitis
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Chapter Eight Understanding Individual Differences in Adaptation in Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7750(08)00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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