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Galvão NMS, Matos SMAD, Almeida MDCCD, Gabrielli L, Barreto SM, Aquino EML, Schmidt MI, Amorim LDAF. Patterns of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in women from the ELSA-Brasil: a latent class analysis approach. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00039923. [PMID: 38088734 PMCID: PMC10715568 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen039923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify patterns of metabolic syndrome among women and estimate their prevalence and relationship with sociodemographic and biological characteristics. In total, 5,836 women were evaluated using baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Patterns of metabolic syndrome were defined via latent class analysis, using the following metabolic abnormalities as indicators: abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and reduced HDL cholesterol. The relationship between these patterns and individual characteristics was assessed using latent class analysis with covariates. Three patterns of metabolic syndrome were identified: high metabolic expression, moderate metabolic expression, and low metabolic expression. The first two patterns represented most women (53.8%) in the study. Women with complete primary or secondary education and belonging to lower social classes were more likely to have higher metabolic expression. Black and mixed-race women were more likely to have moderate metabolic expression. Menopausal women aged 50 years and older were more often classified into patterns of greater health risk. This study addressed the heterogeneous nature of metabolic syndrome, identifying three distinct profiles for the syndrome among women. The combination of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, and hypertension represents the main metabolic profile found among ELSA-Brasil participants. Sociodemographic and biological factors were important predictors of patterns of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ligia Gabrielli
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Estela M L Aquino
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Nephrolithiasis: A Red Flag for Cardiovascular Risk. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195512. [PMID: 36233380 PMCID: PMC9573143 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence shows that nephrolithiasis is associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidities. The association between nephrolithiasis and CV disease is not surprising because both diseases share conditions that facilitate their development. Metabolic conditions, encompassed in the definition of metabolic syndrome (MS), and habits that promote nephrolithiasis by altering urine composition also promote clinical manifestations of CV disease. By inducing oxidative stress, these conditions cause endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness, which are both well-known predictors of CV disease. Furthermore, the subtle systemic metabolic acidosis observed in stone formers with CV disease may have a pathogenic role by increasing bone turnover and leading to reduced mineral content and osteoporosis/osteopenia. Heart valves and/or coronary artery and aortic calcifications are frequently associated with reduced mineral density. This is known as the 'calcification paradox' in osteoporosis and has also been observed in subjects with calcium nephrolithiasis. Evidence supports the hypothesis that osteoporosis/osteopenia is an independent risk factor for the development of CV calcifications. In the long term, episodes of renal stones may occur from the onset of metabolic derangements/MS to arterial stiffness/atherosclerosis and CV morbidities. These episodes should be considered a warning sign of an ongoing and silent atherosclerotic process. The evaluation of cardiometabolic risk factors and MS components should be routine in the assessment of renal stone formers. This would allow for treatment and prevention of the development of CV complications, which are much more severe for the patient and for public health.
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Cho AR, Kwon YJ, Kim JK. Pre-Metabolic Syndrome and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension: From the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080700. [PMID: 34442344 PMCID: PMC8398139 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of premetabolic syndrome (pre-MetSyn) and its components and to longitudinally examine their association with new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) or hypertension. A total of 4037 men and 4400 women aged 40 to 69 years were selected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, observed from 2001 to 2014. Pre-MetSyn was defined as the presence of one or two components of MetSyn (B, elevated blood pressure; G, elevated glucose; H, low HDL-cholesterol; T, elevated triglycerides; W, increased waist circumference). The prevalence of pre-MetSyn was higher than that of non-MetSyn and MetSyn in both men and women. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, G, T, G+T, W+G, B+G, B+T, W+T, B+H, and H+T in men and G, T, G+H, B+T, and H+T in women were significantly associated with new-onset T2D. B, W, B+H, B+T, W+H, and W+T in men and B, B+T, B+H, B+W, and W+H in women were significantly associated with new-onset hypertension. The prevalence of pre-MetSyn components and their associations with new-onset T2D or hypertension differed according to sex and disease. Our results suggest that specific phenotypes of pre-MetSyn may be important factors for predicting and preventing the development of T2D and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Ra Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Korea;
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.K.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Jong-Koo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Won-Ju 26426, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.K.); (J.-K.K.)
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Ahanchi NS, Hadaegh F, Azizi F, Khalili D. Sex- specific clustering of metabolic syndrome components and incidence of cardiovascular disease: A latent class analysis in a population-based cohort study. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107942. [PMID: 33965337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rapidly increasing in the world; also, the importance of management of MetS to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been recognized worldwide. This study aimed to explore the clusters of participants based on MetS components and its association with CVD outcomes. METHODS We included 2598 middle-aged participants (1545 women and 1053 men), 45-65 years old, at baseline and without prior CVD history. Participants were followed up for 10years. We conducted a latent class analysis based on MetS components. Subsequently, the relationship between latent classes and the incidence of CVD was investigated using Cox regression models adjusted for the main confounders. RESULTS During the study period, 393 (186 women and 207 men) new cases of CVD were identified among participants. In both genders, four distinct latent classes were identified: (1) Mets class (its prevalence rate in men: 19.6%, women: 27.7%), (2) Hypertension class (men: 12.1%, women: 13.7%), (3) Dyslipidemia class (men: 31.7%, women: 30.7%), (4) Low risk class (men: 39.3%, women: 30.5%). Compared with low-risk class, in both genders, Mets and hypertension classes were significant predictors of incident CVD. However, dyslipidemia class was a significant predictor just in women. CONCLUSION We found four subclasses in both genders indicating the same patterns of MetS latent classes in men and women. However, the relationship between subclasses of MetS and incident CVD varied by gender. These results suggest that the etiology of MetS involve more than one pathway and giving equal weight to each component or using the same cut-off values in both genders need to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Sadat Ahanchi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Serrablo-Torrejon I, Lopez-Valenciano A, Ayuso M, Horton E, Mayo X, Medina-Gomez G, Liguori G, Jimenez A. High intensity interval training exercise-induced physiological changes and their potential influence on metabolic syndrome clinical biomarkers: a meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 33172413 PMCID: PMC7653723 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the current debate about the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT), HIIT elicits big morpho-physiological benefit on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) treatment. However, no review or meta-analysis has compared the effects of HIIT to non-exercising controls in MetS variables. The aim of this study was to determine through a systematic review, the effectiveness of HIIT on MetS clinical variables in adults. METHODS Studies had to be randomised controlled trials, lasting at least 3 weeks, and compare the effects of HIIT on at least one of the MetS clinical variables [fasting blood glucose (BG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) triglyceride (TG), systolic (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and waist circumference (WC)] compared to a control group. The methodological quality of the studies selected was evaluated using the PEDro scale. RESULTS Ten articles fulfilled the selection criteria, with a mean quality score on the PEDro scale of 6.7. Compared with controls, HIIT groups showed significant and relevant reductions in BG (- 0.11 mmol/L), SBP (- 4.44 mmHg), DBP (- 3.60 mmHg), and WC (- 2.26 cm). Otherwise, a slight increase was observed in HDL-C (+ 0.02 mmol/L). HIIT did not produce any significant changes in TG (- 1.29 mmol/L). CONCLUSIONS HIIT improves certain clinical aspects in people with MetS (BG, SBP, DBP and WC) compared to people with MetS who do not perform physical exercise. Plausible physiological changes of HIIT interventions might be related with large skeletal muscle mass implication, improvements in the vasomotor control, better baroreflex control, reduction of the total peripheral resistance, increases in excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, and changes in appetite and satiety mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Serrablo-Torrejon
- Faculty Research Centre for Sport, Exercise & Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
- GO fit LAB, Av. Islas de Filipinas, 7, 28003, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Lopez-Valenciano
- GO fit LAB, Av. Islas de Filipinas, 7, 28003, Madrid, Spain
- Observatory of Healthy & Active Living, Spain Active Foundation, Centre for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ayuso
- GO fit LAB, Av. Islas de Filipinas, 7, 28003, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Horton
- Faculty Research Centre for Sport, Exercise & Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - X Mayo
- GO fit LAB, Av. Islas de Filipinas, 7, 28003, Madrid, Spain
- Observatory of Healthy & Active Living, Spain Active Foundation, Centre for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Medina-Gomez
- Observatory of Healthy & Active Living, Spain Active Foundation, Centre for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Liguori
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - A Jimenez
- GO fit LAB, Av. Islas de Filipinas, 7, 28003, Madrid, Spain
- Observatory of Healthy & Active Living, Spain Active Foundation, Centre for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Ross R, Neeland IJ, Yamashita S, Shai I, Seidell J, Magni P, Santos RD, Arsenault B, Cuevas A, Hu FB, Griffin BA, Zambon A, Barter P, Fruchart JC, Eckel RH, Matsuzawa Y, Després JP. Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a Consensus Statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:177-189. [PMID: 32020062 PMCID: PMC7027970 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of unequivocal evidence that waist circumference provides both independent and additive information to BMI for predicting morbidity and risk of death, this measurement is not routinely obtained in clinical practice. This Consensus Statement proposes that measurements of waist circumference afford practitioners with an important opportunity to improve the management and health of patients. We argue that BMI alone is not sufficient to properly assess or manage the cardiometabolic risk associated with increased adiposity in adults and provide a thorough review of the evidence that will empower health practitioners and professional societies to routinely include waist circumference in the evaluation and management of patients with overweight or obesity. We recommend that decreases in waist circumference are a critically important treatment target for reducing adverse health risks for both men and women. Moreover, we describe evidence that clinically relevant reductions in waist circumference can be achieved by routine, moderate-intensity exercise and/or dietary interventions. We identify gaps in the knowledge, including the refinement of waist circumference threshold values for a given BMI category, to optimize obesity risk stratification across age, sex and ethnicity. We recommend that health professionals are trained to properly perform this simple measurement and consider it as an important 'vital sign' in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Ian J Neeland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine and Community Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jaap Seidell
- Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benoit Arsenault
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ada Cuevas
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce A Griffin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Alberto Zambon
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Philip Barter
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Division of Cardiology, Anschutz University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yuji Matsuzawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Yu WW, Randhawa AK, Blair SN, Sui X, Kuk JL. Age- and sex- specific all-cause mortality risk greatest in metabolic syndrome combinations with elevated blood pressure from 7 U.S. cohorts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218307. [PMID: 31194821 PMCID: PMC6564014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and all-cause mortality is well established but it is unclear if there are differences in mortality risk among the 32 possible MetS combinations. Hence, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations between different MetS combinations and its individual components with all-cause mortality, and to examine differences in the association by age and sex. METHODS A merged sample of 82,717 adults from 7 U.S. cohorts was used. RESULTS In our sample, MetS was present in 32% of men, 34% of women, 28% of younger adults (18-65 years) and 62% of older adults (>65 years) with 14,989 deaths over 14.6 ± 7.4 years of follow-up. Risk of all-cause mortality was higher in younger individuals with a greater number of MetS factors present, but in older adults having all 5 MetS factors was the only combination significantly associated with mortality. Regardless of age or sex, elevated blood pressure was the MetS factor most consistently present in MetS combinations that were significantly and most strongly associated with mortality. In fact, elevated blood pressure in the absence of other risk factors was significantly associated with mortality in men (HR, 95% CI = 1.56, 1.33-1.84), women (HR = 1.62, 1.44-1.81) and younger adults (HR = 1.61, 1.45-1.79). Conversely, waist circumference, glucose and triglycerides in isolation were not associated with mortality (p>0.05). CONCLUSION In a large U.S. population, different combinations of MetS components vary substantially in their associations with all-cause mortality. Men, women and younger individuals with MetS combinations including elevated blood pressure had stronger associations with greater mortality risk, with minimal associations between MetS and mortality risk in older adults. Thus, we suggest that future algorithms may wish to consider differential weighting of these common metabolic risk factors, particularly in younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W. Yu
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Steven N. Blair
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Kuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
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Application of Latent Class Analysis to Identify Metabolic Syndrome Components Patterns in adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1572. [PMID: 30733469 PMCID: PMC6367385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, using latent class analysis (LCA), we investigated whether there are any homogeneous subclasses of individuals exhibiting different profiles of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. The current study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), a population-based cohort including 6448 subjects, aged 20-50 years. We carried out a LCA on MetS components and assessed the association of some demographic and behavioral variables with membership of latent subclasses using multinomial logistic regression. Four latent classes were identified:(1) Low riskclass, with the lowest probabilities for all MetS components (its prevalence rate in men: 29%, women: 64.7%), (2) MetS with diabetes medication (men: 1%, women: 2.3%), (3) Mets without diabetes medication (men: 32%, women: 13.4%), (4) dyslipidemia (men: 38%, women: 19.6%). In men the forth subclass was more significantly associated with being smoker (odds ratio: 4.49; 95% CI: 1.89-9.97). Our study showed that subjects with MetS could be classified in sub-classes with different origins for their metabolic disorders including drug treated diabetes, those with central obesity and dyslipidemia associated with smoking.
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Han C, Jiang X, Wang B, Ren Y, Zhao Y, Hu D. Association of metabolic risk factor clustering and all-cause mortality in adults with non-metabolic syndrome: the rural Chinese cohort study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Patterns of clustering of the metabolic syndrome components and its association with coronary heart disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): A latent class analysis. Int J Cardiol 2018; 271:13-18. [PMID: 29885819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Metabolic syndrome (MetS), refers to one of the most challenging public health issues across the world. The aim of this study was to explore the clusters of participants on the basis of MetS components and determine its effect on coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS This study used the information from Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). MESA was performed at 6 US sites and was a population-based cohort study of 6776 adults (3576 females; 3200 males), aged 45 to 84 years. The participants were free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to achieve the study's objectives. The outcome variable was CHD during the study period (2000-2012). RESULTS The prevalence of all Mets components (except triglyceride (TG) and fasting blood glucose (FBS)) is more common in females than in males. Three latent classes were recognized: (1) Non-MetS, (2) low risk, and (3) MetS. Notably, MetS latent class included 29.88% and 35.38% in females and males, respectively. After adjustment for covariates (e.g. demographic, biomarker etc.), MetS latent class showed a positive association with CHD events in both genders. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that clustering pattern of the MetS components, as well as the association between latent classes and risk of incident CHD events, are different in females and males. Notable percentages of individuals are in the MetS class, which emphasizes the necessity of implementing preventive interventions for this sub-group of the population.
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Al-Shudifat AE, Azab M, Johannessen A, Al-Shdaifat A, Agraib LM, Tayyem RF. Elevated fasting blood glucose, but not obesity, is associated with coronary artery disease in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography in a referral hospital in Jordan. Ann Saudi Med 2018; 38:111-117. [PMID: 29620544 PMCID: PMC6074363 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2018.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and its metabolic complications are endemic in the Middle East, but the cardiovascular consequences are not well defined in local studies. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between fasting blood glucose (FBG), obesity and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Jordan. DESIGN A cross-sectional, hospital-based study. SETTING A referral hospital in Amman, Jordan. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with complete anthropomorphic data who were referred for elective coronary angiography were included in the analysis. Associations between CAD, FBG and obesity were assessed in multivariate logistic regression models, adjusting for known risk factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The presence of CAD. SAMPLE SIZE 434 subjects. RESULTS Only those who underwent coronary angiography and had complete anthropometric data were included in the study: 291 (67.1%) had CAD and 143 (32.9%) had a normal coronary angiogram.The mean body mass index, waist circumference and FBG of the study participants was 30.0 kg/m2, 106.0 cm and 8.8 mmol/L, respectively. The mean FBG was significantly higher in patients with CAD compared to those without CAD (9.5 vs. 7.3 mmol/L, P less than .001). Waist circumference was significantly higher in women with CAD compared to women without CAD (111.0 vs. 105.9 cm, P=.036), but no significant difference was observed in men. In a multivariate analysis, FBG was a strong and significant predictor of CAD; however, none of the measures of obesity were significantly associated with CAD. The findings were robust in a sensitivity analysis that excluded patients with known diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Elevated FBG, but not obesity, predicted CAD in a Middle Eastern population. Improved prevention, detection and management of type 2 diabetes should be a priority in this setting. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design cannot control for temporal changes in risk factors and/or reverse causation. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat
- Dr. Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,, The Hashemite University,, Zarqa, Jordan, T: +962 796004849, , ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829.0978
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12
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Shafik NM, Baalash A, Ebeid AM. Synergistic Cardioprotective Effects of Combined Chromium Picolinate and Atorvastatin Treatment in Triton X-100-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats: Impact on Some Biochemical Markers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:255-264. [PMID: 28409410 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Chromium (Cr) mineral is playing a crucial role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of combined chromium picolinate (CrPic) and atorvastatin treatment against hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac injury. Seventy-five male albino rats were divided into five groups (15 rats each). Hyperlipidemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of Triton X-100 (300 mg/kg body weight (b.w) (group ІІ). Treatment of hyperlipidemic rats was induced by daily administration of CrPic at a dose of 200 μg/kg b.w/day (group ІІІ), atorvastatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day (group IV), and combined treatment with both (group V) by gavage for 7 days. At the end of experiment, serum and heart tissues were obtained. Hyperlipidemia was confirmed by histopathology of heart tissues, marked serum dyslipidemia, increased atherogenic indices, and values of ischemia-modified albumin. In addition to increased values of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase enzyme and high relative expression levels of pentraxin-3 were observed. However, paraoxonase-1 activity was markedly decreased in the hyperlipidemic group. Significant improvement in all assessed parameters was observed in the rat group treated with both CrPic and atorvastatin. It can be concluded that combined CrPic and atorvastatin treatments had synergistic cardioprotective effects against hyperlipidemia which may be through modulating atherosclerosis as well as cardiac and aortic damage and/or activation of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant pathways, thus reversing endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Shafik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt.
| | - Amal Baalash
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Abla M Ebeid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Delta University, Gamasa, Egypt
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Fernandez-Mendoza J, He F, LaGrotte C, Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO. Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome on Mortality is Modified by Objective Short Sleep Duration. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e005479. [PMID: 28515112 PMCID: PMC5524093 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine whether objective sleep duration is an effect modifier of the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on all-cause and cardiovascular disease/cerebrovascular mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS We addressed this question in the Penn State Adult Cohort, a random, general population sample of 1344 men and women (48.8±14.2 years) who were studied in the sleep laboratory and followed up for 16.6±4.2 years. MetS was defined by the presence of 3 or more of obesity (≥30 kg/m2), elevated total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL), triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL), and blood pressure (≥130/85 mm Hg). Polysomnographic sleep duration was classified into clinically meaningful categories. Among the 1344 participants, 22.0% of them died during the follow-up. We tested the interaction between MetS and polysomnographic sleep duration on mortality using Cox proportional hazard models controlling for multiple potential confounders (P<0.05). The hazard ratios (95% CI) of all-cause and cardiovascular disease/cerebrovascular mortality associated with MetS were 1.29 (0.89-1.87) and 1.49 (0.75-2.97) for individuals who slept ≥6 hours and 1.99 (1.53-2.59) and 2.10 (1.39-3.16) for individuals who slept <6 hours. Interestingly, this effect modification was primarily driven by the elevated blood pressure and glucose dysregulation components of MetS. CONCLUSIONS The risk of mortality associated with MetS is increased in those with short sleep duration. Short sleep in individuals with MetS may be linked to greater central autonomic and metabolic dysfunction. Future clinical trials should examine whether lengthening sleep improves the prognosis of individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Fan He
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Caitlin LaGrotte
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Alexandros N Vgontzas
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Duanping Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Edward O Bixler
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Li Z, Yang X, Yang J, Yang Z, Wang S, Sun F, Zhan S. The Cohort Study on Prediction of Incidence of All-Cause Mortality by Metabolic Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154990. [PMID: 27195697 PMCID: PMC4873211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim was to evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS), MS individual components and 32 kinds of MS specific component combinations on all-cause mortality risk in a fixed cohort of MJ check-up population. METHODS We observed the events of death in a fixed cohort, where the population was composed of 45,542 individuals aged 35-74 who were examined at MJ Health check-up Center in 1997 as baseline examination, and were followed up to 2005. Median duration of follow-up was 7.44 years. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Educational Program (the revised NCEP-ATPIII for Asian in 2004), the prevalence of MS was standardized according to China's fifth census data. We constructed common Cox regression model, simultaneously adjusting the classic risk factors (such as age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, family history, etc.) to examine the relationship between MS, MS individual components and 32 kinds of MS specific component combinations on the occurrence of death with the fixed cohort. RESULTS The standardized prevalence of MS was 29.75% (male: 30.36%, female: 29.51%). There were 1,749 persons who died during the median 7.44-years follow-up, the mortality rate was 46 per 10,000 person years. The mortality rates were 71 and 35 per 10,000 person years for those with and without MS, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex and classical risk factors, compared with subjects without MS, the hazard ratio of all-cause mortality was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.14-1.40). The all-cause mortality were more highly significant than other combinations (P <0.05) when the following combinations exist: "elevated blood pressure", "elevated fasting plasma glucose + low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol", "elevated blood pressure + elevated triglyceride + elevated fasting plasma glucose", "elevated fasting plasma glucose + low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol + elevated blood pressure + elevated triglyceride". After adjusting age, sex and classical risk factors, the HRs for those with 0 to 5 components were 1, 1.22, 1.25, 1.33, 1.66, and 1.92, respectively. There was a significant dose-response relationship (P for liner trend <0.001) between the number of MS components and the risk of all-cause mortality in the overall fixed cohort sample. CONCLUSION In a large scale middle-aged Taiwan check-up population, MS may be associated with a much higher risk for all-cause mortality. These results may underline the fact that MS is a non-homogeneous syndrome and have a significant impact on detecting high-risk individuals suffering from metabolic disorders for preventing and controlling death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SYZ); (FS)
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SYZ); (FS)
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15
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Vergès B, Adiels M, Boren J, Barrett PH, Watts GF, Chan D, Duvillard L, Söderlund S, Matikainen N, Kahri J, Lundbom N, Lundbom J, Hakkarainen A, Aho S, Simoneau-Robin I, Taskinen MR. ApoA-II HDL Catabolism and Its Relationships With the Kinetics of ApoA-I HDL and of VLDL1, in Abdominal Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1398-406. [PMID: 26835543 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the associations between apoA-II fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and the kinetics of VLDL subspecies and apoA-I and show that, in abdominally obese individuals, apoA-II FCR is positively and independently associated with both apoA-I FCR and VLDL1-TG indirect FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Adiels
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Boren
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Hugh Barrett
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dick Chan
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Matikainen
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juhani Kahri
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Serge Aho
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isabelle Simoneau-Robin
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Abstract
Problem This review focuses on the association between the metabolic syndrome (MS) and nephrolithiasis. Findings Associations between nephrolithiasis and systemic diseases are recognized, including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular (CV) disease, hypertension (HNT), diabetes mellitus (DM)—composite risk factors grouped as the MS. Kidney stones incidence is increasing in this particularly high risk group. Those with stones are prone to the disease and those with the systemic disease are at risk for stone formation, with the highest incidence in persons with multiple traits of the MS. Pathophysiologic explanations for the increased stone risk related to MS are likely complex and dynamic. Conclusions Kidney stones disproportionately affect persons with some or all traits of MS. One unifying theory may be of a common systemic malfunction of inflammation and tissue damage as an underlying mechanism, but it is unlikely to be the only mechanistic explanation. Further research is needed to investigate this and other hypotheses that go beyond population based and urine physiochemical studies in order to elucidate the mechanisms behind the individual disease states themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ojas Shah
- New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
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17
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Aguirre GA, De Ita JR, de la Garza RG, Castilla-Cortazar I. Insulin-like growth factor-1 deficiency and metabolic syndrome. J Transl Med 2016; 14:3. [PMID: 26733412 PMCID: PMC4702316 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence associates IGF-1 deficiency and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will focus on the metabolic effects of IGF-1, the concept of metabolic syndrome and its clinical manifestations (impaired lipid profile, insulin resistance, increased glucose levels, obesity, and cardiovascular disease), discussing whether IGF-1 replacement therapy could be a beneficial strategy for these patients. The search plan was made in Medline for Pubmed with the following mesh terms: IGF-1 and "metabolism, carbohydrate, lipids, proteins, amino acids, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes" between the years 1963-2015. The search includes animal and human protocols. In this review we discuss the relevant actions of IGF-1 on metabolism and the implication of IGF-1 deficiency in the establishment of metabolic syndrome. Multiple studies (in vitro and in vivo) demonstrate the association between IGF-1 deficit and deregulated lipid metabolism, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and an altered metabolic profile of diabetic patients. Based on the available data we propose IGF-1 as a key hormone in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome; due to its implications in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Previous data demonstrates how IGF-1 can be an effective option in the treatment of this worldwide increasing condition. It has to distinguished that the replacement therapy should be only undertaken to restore the physiological levels, never to exceed physiological ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Aguirre
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte. Col. Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - J Rodríguez De Ita
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte. Col. Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - R G de la Garza
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte. Col. Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - I Castilla-Cortazar
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte. Col. Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.
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Pedroza-Tobias A, Trejo-Valdivia B, Sanchez-Romero LM, Barquera S. Classification of metabolic syndrome according to lipid alterations: analysis from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1056. [PMID: 25300324 PMCID: PMC4288637 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are 16 possible Metabolic Syndrome (MS) combinations out of 5 conditions (glucose intolerance, low levels of high-density lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), high triglycerides, high blood pressure and abdominal obesity), when selecting those with at least three. Studies suggest that some combinations have different cardiovascular risk. However evaluation of all 16 combinations is complex and difficult to interpret. The purpose of this study is to describe and explore a classification of MS groups according to their lipid alterations. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006. Subjects (n = 5,306) were evaluated for the presence of MS; four mutually-exclusive MS groups were considered: mixed dyslipidemia (altered triglycerides and HDL-C), hypoalphalipoproteinemia: (normal triglycerides but low HDL-C), hypertriglyceridemia (elevated triglycerides and normal HDL-C) and without dyslipidemia (normal triglycerides and HDL-C). A multinomial logistic regression model was fitted in order to identify characteristics that were associated with the groups. Results The most frequent MS group was hypoalphalipoproteinemia in females (51.3%) and mixed dyslipidemia in males (43.5%). The most prevalent combination of MS for both genders was low HDL-C + hypertension + abdominal obesity (20.4% females, 19.4% males). The hypoalphalipoproteinemia group was characteristic of women and less developed areas of the country. The group without dyslipidemia was more frequent in the highest socioeconomic level and less prevalent in the south of the country. The mixed dyslipidemia group was characteristic of men, and the Mexico City region. Conclusions A simple system to classify MS based on lipid alterations was useful to evaluate prevalences by diverse biologic and sociodemographic characteristics. This system may allow prevention and early detection strategies with emphasis on population-specific components and may serve as a guide for future studies on MS and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon Barquera
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Esteghamati A, Hafezi-Nejad N, Sheikhbahaei S, Heidari B, Zandieh A, Ebadi M, Nakhjavani M. Risk of coronary heart disease associated with metabolic syndrome and its individual components in Iranian subjects: A matched cohort study. J Clin Lipidol 2014; 8:279-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhou K, Hong A. Constructing regulatory networks to identify biomarkers for insulin resistance. Gene 2014; 539:68-74. [PMID: 24512691 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a physiological condition in which cells fail to respond to the insulin hormone. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of IR, novel molecular targets are still needed to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and the outcomes of therapy. Here, we present a systems approach to identify molecular biomarkers for IR. We downloaded the gene expression profile of IR from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), generated a regulatory network by mapping co-expressed genes to transcription factors (TFs) and calculated the regulatory impact factor of each transcription factor. Finally, we selected a list of potential molecular targets that could be used as therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers, including ETS1, AR, ESR1 and Myc. Our studies identified multiple TFs that could play an important role in the pathogenesis of IR and provided a systems understanding of the potential relationships among these genes. Our study has the potential to aid in the understanding of IR and provides a basis for IR biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Jinan University, College of Life Science and Technology, 601 Huangpu Blvd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yi Wang
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Kai Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, 25 Taiping Ave., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - An Hong
- Jinan University, College of Life Science and Technology, 601 Huangpu Blvd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a recently defined clustering of cardiovascular risk factors associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of future type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have an increased prevalence of MetS and an increased prevalence of insulin resistance. Chronic inflammation may predispose to these complications in SLE and there is also evidence that corticosteroid therapy also contributes, although this finding has not been as consistent as would be predicted from the known metabolic effects of corticosteroids. MetS may represent a good model in which to begin to understand how SLE drives an increased risk of CVD. For now, the utility of identifying MetS in patients is to identify a subset in which more focused lifestyle interventions should be targeted and in whom medication review and adjustment (especially corticosteroid doses) should be considered to help modify future CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Parker
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - IN Bruce
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, and Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
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Jackson KG, Walden CM, Murray P, Smith AM, Minihane AM, Lovegrove JA, Williams CM. Greater impairment of postprandial triacylglycerol than glucose response in metabolic syndrome subjects with fasting hyperglycaemia. Metabolism 2013; 62:1065-9. [PMID: 23598085 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have started to question whether a specific component or combinations of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components may be more important in relation to cardiovascular disease risk. Our aim was to examine the impact of the presence of raised fasting glucose as a MetS component on postprandial lipaemia. METHODS Men classified with the MetS underwent a sequential test meal investigation, in which blood samples were taken at regular intervals after a test breakfast (t=0 min) and lunch (t=330 min). Lipids, glucose and insulin were measured in the fasting and postprandial samples. RESULTS MetS subjects with 3 or 4 components were subdivided into those without (n=34) and with (n=23) fasting hyperglycaemia (≥5.6 mmol/l), irrespective of the combination of components. Fasting lipids and insulin were similar in the two groups, with glucose significantly higher in the men with glucose as a MetS component (P<0.001). Following the test meals, there were higher maximum concentration (maxC), area under the curve (AUC) and incremental AUC (P ≤0.016) for the postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) response in men with fasting hyperglycaemia. Greater glucose AUC (P<0.001) and insulin maxC (P=0.010) were also observed in these individuals after the test meals. Multiple regression analysis revealed fasting glucose to be an important predictor of the postprandial TAG and glucose response. CONCLUSION Our data analysis has revealed a greater impairment of postprandial TAG than glucose response in MetS subjects with raised fasting glucose. The worsening of postprandial lipaemic control may contribute to the greater CVD risk reported in individuals with MetS component combinations which include hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
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Andersen CJ, Blesso CN, Lee J, Barona J, Shah D, Thomas MJ, Fernandez ML. Egg consumption modulates HDL lipid composition and increases the cholesterol-accepting capacity of serum in metabolic syndrome. Lipids 2013; 48:557-67. [PMID: 23494579 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that daily whole egg consumption during moderate carbohydrate restriction leads to greater increases in plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and improvements in HDL profiles in metabolic syndrome (MetS) when compared to intake of a yolk-free egg substitute. We further investigated the effects of this intervention on HDL composition and function, hypothesizing that the phospholipid species present in egg yolk modulate HDL lipid composition to increase the cholesterol-accepting capacity of subject serum. Men and women classified with MetS were randomly assigned to consume either three whole eggs (EGG, n = 20) per day or the equivalent amount of egg substitute (SUB, n = 17) throughout a 12-week moderate carbohydrate-restricted (25-30 % of energy) diet. Relative to other HDL lipids, HDL-cholesteryl ester content increased in all subjects, with greater increases in the SUB group. Further, HDL-triacylglycerol content was reduced in EGG group subjects with normal baseline plasma HDL-C, resulting in increases in HDL-CE/TAG ratios in both groups. Phospholipid analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that HDL became enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine in the EGG group, and that EGG group HDL better reflected sphingomyelin species present in the whole egg product at week 12 compared to baseline. Further, macrophage cholesterol efflux to EGG subject serum increased from baseline to week 12, whereas no changes were observed in the SUB group. Together, these findings suggest that daily egg consumption promotes favorable shifts in HDL lipid composition and function beyond increasing plasma HDL-C in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Andersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Ext., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA
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Kohjimoto Y, Sasaki Y, Iguchi M, Matsumura N, Inagaki T, Hara I. Association of metabolic syndrome traits and severity of kidney stones: results from a nationwide survey on urolithiasis in Japan. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 61:923-9. [PMID: 23433467 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although metabolic syndrome and its individual components have been associated with kidney stone disease, whether the clustering of metabolic syndrome traits increases the severity of kidney stone disease has not been examined in a large-scale study. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Data were obtained from 30,448 patients enrolled in the 6th Nationwide Survey on Urolithiasis in Japan conducted in 2005. Patients with lower urinary tract stones, struvite stones, cystine stones, or hyperparathyroidism and those younger than 15 years were excluded. PREDICTOR Number of metabolic syndrome traits (obesity [body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2)], diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). OUTCOMES Severe form of kidney stone disease, defined as recurrent and/or multiple stones, and abnormalities in urine constituents (hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypocitraturia). RESULTS 11,555 patients were included in the final analyses. Proportions of patients with recurrent and/or multiple stones were 57.7%, 61.7%, 65.2%, 69.3%, and 73.3% with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 metabolic syndrome traits, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a significant and stepwise increase in the odds of recurrent and/or multiple stones after adjustment for age and sex. In patients with 4 metabolic syndrome traits, the odds was 1.8-fold greater compared with patients with 0 traits (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.22-2.66). In addition, the presence of metabolic syndrome traits was associated with significantly increased odds of having hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypocitraturia after adjustment for age and sex. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design, absence of dietary data, ill-defined diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome traits, and missing data for the majority of participants. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome trait clustering is associated with greater severity of kidney stone disease; increased urinary calcium, uric acid, and oxalate excretion; and decreased urinary citrate excretion. These results suggest that kidney stone disease should be regarded as a systemic disorder linked to metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kohjimoto
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
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Pimenta AM, Felisbino-Mendes MS, Velasquez-Melendez G. Clustering and combining pattern of metabolic syndrome components in a rural Brazilian adult population. SAO PAULO MED J 2013; 131:213-9. [PMID: 24141291 PMCID: PMC10871831 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2013.1314326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome is characterized by clustering of cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to estimate the probability of clustering and the combination pattern of three or more metabolic syndrome components in a rural Brazilian adult population. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a cross-sectional study conducted in two rural communities located in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS The sample was composed of 534 adults (both sexes). Waist circumference, blood pressure and demographic, lifestyle and biochemical characteristics were assessed. The prevalences of metabolic syndrome and its components were estimated using the definitions of the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III. A binomial distribution equation was used to evaluate the probability of clustering of metabolic syndrome components. The statistical significance level was set at 5% (P < 0.05). RESULTS Metabolic syndrome was more frequent among women (23.3%) than among men (6.5%). Clustering of three or more metabolic syndrome components was greater than expected by chance. The commonest combinations of three metabolic syndrome components were: hypertriglyceridemia + low levels of HDL-c + arterial hypertension and abdominal obesity + low levels of HDL-c + arterial hypertension; and of four metabolic syndrome components: abdominal obesity + hypertriglyceridemia + low levels of HDL-c + arterial hypertension. CONCLUSION The population studied presented high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among women and clustering of its components greater than expected by chance, suggesting that the combination pattern was non-random.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Marçal Pimenta
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo HorizonteMinas Gerais, Brazil
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Hall MH, Okun ML, Sowers M, Matthews KA, Kravitz HM, Hardin K, Buysse DJ, Bromberger JT, Owens JF, Karpov I, Sanders MH. Sleep is associated with the metabolic syndrome in a multi-ethnic cohort of midlife women: the SWAN Sleep Study. Sleep 2012; 35:783-90. [PMID: 22654197 PMCID: PMC3353036 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We evaluated associations among subjective and objective measures of sleep and the metabolic syndrome in a multi-ethnic sample of midlife women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Participants' homes. PARTICIPANTS Caucasian (n = 158), African American (n = 125), and Chinese women (n = 57); mean age = 51 years. Age range = 46-57 years. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Metabolic syndrome was measured in the clinic and sleep quality was assessed by self-report. Indices of sleep duration, continuity/fragmentation, depth, and sleep disordered breathing were assessed by in-home polysomnography (PSG). Covariates included sociodemographics, menopausal status, use of medications that affect sleep, and self-reported health complaints and health behaviors known to influence metabolic syndrome risk. Logistic regression was used to test the hypothesis that the metabolic syndrome would be associated with increased subjective sleep complaints and PSG-assessed sleep disturbances. In univariate analyses, the metabolic syndrome was associated with decreased sleep duration and efficiency and increased NREM beta power and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). After covariate adjustment, sleep efficiency (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-3.93), NREM beta power (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.09-3.98), and AHI (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.40-2.48) remained significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio values are expressed in standard deviation units). These relationships did not differ by race. CONCLUSIONS Objective indices of sleep continuity, depth, and sleep disordered breathing are significant correlates of the metabolic syndrome in midlife women, independent of race, menopausal status and other factors that might otherwise account for these relationships.
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Prasad H, Ryan DA, Celzo MF, Stapleton D. Metabolic syndrome: definition and therapeutic implications. Postgrad Med 2012; 124:21-30. [PMID: 22314111 DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2012.01.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The collection of impaired glucose metabolism, central obesity, elevated blood pressure, and dyslipidemia is identified as metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is estimated that approximately 25% of the world's population has MetS. In the United States, MetS is more common in men and Hispanics, and its incidence increases with age. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The underlying risk factors include insulin resistance and abdominal obesity. Confusion about MetS exists in part due to the lack of a consensus definition and treatment protocol. Treatment of MetS begins with therapeutic lifestyle changes and then pharmacologic treatment of the syndrome's individual components. Effective interventions include diet modification, exercise, and use of pharmacologic agents to treat risk factors. Weight loss and increasing physical activity significantly improve all aspects of MetS. A diet that includes more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, monounsaturated fats, and low-fat dairy products will benefit most patients with MetS. Physicians can be most effective in advising patients by customizing specific lifestyle recommendations after assessing patients for the presence of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Prasad
- Guthrie Clinic, Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, USA.
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Yan Q, Zhang Y, Hong J, Gu W, Dai M, Shi J, Zhai Y, Wang W, Li X, Ning G. The association of serum chemerin level with risk of coronary artery disease in Chinese adults. Endocrine 2012; 41:281-8. [PMID: 22042485 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin is a newly discovered adipokine which has been found closely associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and inflammatory status. This study will investigate whether serum chemerin levels are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. This study included a total of 430 subjects (239 with CAD and 191 with non-CAD) who underwent coronary angiography. Anthropometric measurements were performed and chemerin, glucose, lipid profiles, and other biochemical characteristics were measured. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was estimated by the total number of diseased vessels and Gensini score. Serum chemerin levels were significantly higher in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group (P = 0.011). The odds ratios (95% CI) of CAD across increasing quartiles of serum chemerin were 1.04 (0.61-1.78), 1.08 (0.63-1.83), and 1.87 (1.07-3.24), (P = 0.386, 0.508, and 0.012, respectively). Adjusting for age, sex, and other conventional risk factors for CAD did not appreciably alter the results. Serum chemerin levels were significantly increased with an increasing of number of diseased vessels (P = 0.024). In conditional linear regression models, chemerin levels were positively related to Gensini score even after established cardiovascular risk factors (β = 0.13, P = 0.019). Correlation analysis showed serum chemerin levels were significantly associated with TG levels, TC levels, fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR and MetS (all P < 0.05). Higher serum chemerin levels were associated with increased risk of CAD and metabolic parameters in Chinese adults. Chemerin may represent a novel link between metabolic signals and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yan
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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Merry AH, Erkens PM, Boer JM, Schouten LJ, Feskens EJ, Verschuren WM, Gorgels AP, van den Brandt PA. Co-occurrence of metabolic factors and the risk of coronary heart disease: A prospective cohort study in the Netherlands. Int J Cardiol 2012; 155:223-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The severity of Fatty liver disease relating to metabolic abnormalities independently predicts coronary calcification. Radiol Res Pract 2011; 2011:586785. [PMID: 22254139 PMCID: PMC3255298 DOI: 10.1155/2011/586785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the metabolic disorders presented in liver. The relationship between severity of NAFLD and coronary atherosclerotic burden remains largely unknown. Methods and Materials. We analyzed subjects undergoing coronary calcium score evaluation by computed tomography (MDCT) and fatty liver assessment using abdominal ultrasonography. Framingham risk score (FRS) and metabolic risk score (MRS) were obtained in all subjects. A graded, semiquantitative score was established to quantify the severity of NAFLD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to depict the association between NAFLD and calcium score. Results. Of all, 342 participants (female: 22.5%, mean age: 48.7 ± 7.0 years) met the sufficient information rendering detailed analysis. The severity of NAFLD was positively associated with MRS (X2 = 6.12, trend P < 0.001) and FRS (X2 = 5.88, trend P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment for clinical variables and life styles, the existence of moderate to severe NAFLD was independently associated with abnormal calcium score (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The severity of NAFLD correlated well with metabolic abnormality and was independently predict coronary calcification beyond clinical factors. Our data suggests that NAFLD based on ultrasonogram could positively reflect the burden of coronary calcification.
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Tung HH, Tseng LH, Wei J, Lin CH, Wang TJ, Liang SY. Food Pattern and Quality of Life in Metabolic Syndrome Patients who Underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Taiwan. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2011; 10:205-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with poor operative outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). A healthy food pattern for metabolic syndrome patients is necessary not only in the initial stage to prevent cardiovascular disease but for those who experience cardiovascular problems and undergo heart surgery. Empirical studies that explore food pattern and quality of life metabolic syndrome patients who undergo CABG are lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to explore the food pattern and quality of life of metabolic syndrome patients who undergo CABG and to examine the relationship between these two variables. A descriptive, correlational and cross section design was conducted. Through convenience sampling, 104 patients were recruited. Data were collected through three instruments: a demographic questionnaire; the Chinese Food Frequency Questionnaire-Short Form (Short C-FFQ), used to assess food pattern; and the Taiwanese version of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Health Survey (SF-36), used to assess quality of life. Descriptive analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that patients who ate fruit more frequently tended to have a better quality of life, while the intake of fried food was more frequently associated with a poor quality of life. The use of these data gives the health care provider a better understanding of food pattern and their impact on quality of life in this population. Such an understanding can be used to develop targeted interventions to promote health in this and in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Hsin Tung
- National Taipei College of Nursing, 365 Ming Te Road PeiTou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC
- Tungs' Taichung MetroHabor Hospital, Taiwan, 365 Ming Te Road PeiTou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Hua Tseng
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, PeiTou, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jeng Wei
- Heart Center of Chen-Hsin Hospital, 45 Cheng-Hsin St, PeiTou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lin
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsae-Jyy Wang
- National Taipei College of Nursing, 365 Ming Te Road PeiTou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Yuan Liang
- National Taipei College of Nursing, 365 Ming Te Road PeiTou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC
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Li CI, Kardia SL, Liu CS, Lin WY, Lin CH, Lee YD, Sung FC, Li TC, Lin CC. Metabolic syndrome is associated with change in subclinical arterial stiffness: a community-based Taichung community health study. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:808. [PMID: 21999611 PMCID: PMC3213226 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MetS on arterial stiffness in a longitudinal study. METHODS Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a measurement interpreted as arterial stiffness, was measured in 1518 community-dwelling persons at baseline and re-examined within a mean follow-up period of 3 years. Multivariate linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine the longitudinal relationship between MetS and its individual components and baPWV, while multivariate logistic regression with GEE was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between MetS and its individual components and the high risk group with arterial stiffness. RESULTS Subjects with MetS showed significantly greater baPWV at the end point than those without MetS, after adjusting for age, gender, education, hypertension medication and mean arterial pressure (MAP). MetS was associated with the top quartile of baPWV (the high-risk group of arterial stiffness, adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.52 [1.21-1.90]), and a significant linear trend of risk for the number of components of MetS was found (p for trend < 0.05). In further considering the individual MetS component, elevated blood pressure and fasting glucose significantly predicted a high risk of arterial stiffness (adjusted OR [95% CI] 3.72 [2.81-4.93] and 1.35 [1.08-1.68], respectively). CONCLUSIONS MetS affects the subject's progression to arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness increased as the number of MetS components increased. Management of MetS is important for preventing the progression to advanced arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ing Li
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yoon SE, Ahn SG, Kim JY, Park JS, Shin JH, Tahk SJ, Lee SK, Kim TJ, Han N. Differential relationship between metabolic syndrome score and severity of coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by angiography in a non-diabetic and diabetic Korean population. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:900-5. [PMID: 21738343 PMCID: PMC3124720 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.7.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has prognostic value for coronary artery disease (CAD) beyond its individual components is controversial. We compared the relationship between the number of MetS components and CAD severity as assessed by angiography in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. We consecutively enrolled 527 patients who underwent their first coronary angiography. Patients were divided into four groups according to the number of MetS components: 0/1, 2, 3, and 4/5. A coronary atherosclerosis score was used to quantify the extent of atherosclerotic involvement. The relationship between the MetS score and angiographic CAD severity or clinical presentation was compared between non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. Individuals with the MetS (n = 327) had a higher prevalence of CAD (60% vs 32%, P < 0.001), multi-vessel disease (34% vs 16%, P < 0.001), and acute coronary syndromes (49% vs 26%, P < 0.001) than those without the MetS. In the non-diabetic group, atherosclerosis score increased with the MetS score (1.0 ± 2.1, 2.0 ± 2.9, 2.8 ± 2.9, and 3.6 ± 3.9, P < 0.001) whereas there was no significant difference in the diabetic group (0.5 ± 1.0, 5.2 ± 4.7, 4.2 ± 2.9, and 4.4 ± 3.5, P = 0.102). The MetS score is related to CAD severity in non-diabetic patients but the association between the MetS score and angiographic CAD severity may be obscured in the presence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Eui Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Sunlin Hospital, Pohang, Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jang-Young Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Deparment of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Joon-Han Shin
- Deparment of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung-Jea Tahk
- Deparment of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Sunlin Hospital, Pohang, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Sunlin Hospital, Pohang, Korea
| | - Na Han
- Department of Medicine, Sunlin Hospital, Pohang, Korea
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Impact of Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes on Prognosis and Outcomes With Early Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the COURAGE (Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation) Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Desouza CV, Hamel FG, Bidasee K, O'Connell K. Role of inflammation and insulin resistance in endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction. Diabetes 2011; 60:1286-94. [PMID: 21346178 PMCID: PMC3064102 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are decreased in number and function in type 2 diabetes. Mechanisms by which this dysfunction occurs are largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a chronic inflammatory environment leads to insulin signaling defects in EPCs and thereby reduces their survival. Modifying EPCs by a knockdown of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) can reverse the insulin signaling defects, improve EPC survival, and decrease neointimal hyperplasia in Zucker fatty rats postangioplasty. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS EPCs from Zucker fatty insulin-resistant rats were cultured and exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Insulin signaling defects and apoptosis were measured in the presence and absence of an NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11. Then, EPCs were modified by a knockdown of NF-κB (RelA) and exposed to TNF-α. For in vivo experiments, Zucker fatty rats were given modified EPCs post-carotid angioplasty. Tracking of EPCs was done at various time points, and neointimal hyperplasia was measured 3 weeks later. RESULTS Insulin signaling as measured by the phosphorylated-to-total AKT ratio was reduced by 56% in EPCs exposed to TNF-α. Apoptosis was increased by 71%. These defects were reversed by pretreatment with an NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11. Modified EPCs exposed to TNF-α showed a lesser reduction (RelA 20%) in insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation versus a 55% reduction in unmodified EPCs. Apoptosis was 41% decreased for RelA knockdown EPCs. Noeintimal hyperplasia postangioplasty was significantly less in rats receiving modified EPCs than in controls (intima-to-media ratio 0.58 vs. 1.62). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we have shown that insulin signaling and EPC survival is impaired in Zucker fatty insulin resistant rats. For the first time, we have shown that this defect can be significantly ameliorated by a knockdown of NF-κB and that these EPCs given to Zucker fatty rats decrease neointimal hyperplasia post-carotid angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus V Desouza
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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Bin Hu, Yujie Zhou, Yuyang Liu, Dongmei Shi, Yingxin Zhao, Dean Jia, Shiwei Yang, Zhe Fang, Bin Nie. Impact of metabolic syndrome on clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with coronary artery disease. Angiology 2011; 62:440-6. [PMID: 21422057 DOI: 10.1177/0003319711398473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is regarded as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the influence of MetS on morbidity and mortality after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in Chinese patients with CAD remains unknown. We evaluated the impact of MetS on the clinical outcome of 1224 patients following DES implantation. After a mean follow-up of 35.4 months, patients with MetS had a significantly higher incidence of all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared with patients without MetS (P < .001). Analyses of individual MetS components showed that dysglycemia at the time of DES implantation predicted increased all-cause mortality, while the presence of hypertension and dysglycemia predicted increased incidence of MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Anzhen Hospital/Capital Medical University, Chao Yang, Beijing, China.
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Thomas F, Pannier B, Bean K, Danchin N. Waist circumference and mortality: Impact of associated risk factors. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2011; 37:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Fang WQ, Zhang Q, Peng YB, Chen M, Lin XP, Wu JH, Cai CH, Mei YF, Jin H. Resistin level is positively correlated with thrombotic complications in Southern Chinese metabolic syndrome patients. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:e36-42. [PMID: 20671416 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been found to be closely related with thrombotic diseases. The mechanism, however, is far from elucidated. AIM This study was designed to investigate the relationship between endogenous resistin and thrombosis mediating factors, as well as its potential effects on the gene expression of cardiovascular disease biomarkers. METHODS Ninety patients satisfied the MetS criteria, and 55 healthy subjects were recruited as part of a single-center clinical study. Plasma levels of resistin, tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays. The effect of resistin on the expression of cardiovascular disease biomarkers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was assayed by gene microarray. RESULTS 1) The average levels of resistin in MetS patients with or without acute myocardial or cerebral infarction were significantly higher than those of the controls. 2) The TF and TFPI increase was higher in MetS with infarction patients than in MetS patients. 3) In MetS with infarction patients, resistin was positively correlated with TF and PAI-1 (r=0.313, p=0.008; r=0.401, p=0.002, respectively). 4) In HUVEC, the microarray showed that apolipoprotein C-I, ACE, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) and member 5 (CD40) genes expression were dramatically increased by resistin. CONCLUSION In patients with MetS, resistin is strongly associated with hypercoagulative and hypofibrinolitic activities. Moreover, resistin may induce thrombotic complications via mediating the lipoprotein metabolism and stimulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Fang
- Department of ICU, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Hamada R, Muto S, Otsuka N, Sato E, Zhang Y. Prevalence of preexisting metabolic syndrome as defined by Japanese original criteria among patients with non-fatal myocardial infarction. Intern Med 2011; 50:2749-57. [PMID: 22082886 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.50.5976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to clarify the prevalence of preexisting Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) defined by the Japanese original criteria among patients with non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study using the computer database obtained by the preliminary health checkup from April 2003 to December 2008. We extracted the subjects with newly developed non-fatal MI from the study population. The newly non-fatal MI was diagnosed by the history of coronary heart disease (CHD) and new appearance of abnormal Q wave on electrocardiograms. MetS was diagnosed by using the Japanese original criteria. If waist circumference was not available, BMI was used alternatively. We evaluated the prevalence of preexisting MetS and other risk factors of CHD among the subjects. We compared the prevalence of preexisting risk factors between MetS group and non-MetS group. RESULTS From a study population of 298,455 subjects, 446 subjects with a history of CHD were found. Among the 446, 92 subjects (85 men and 7 women) with abnormal Q wave on electrocardiogram were found. The prevalence of preexisting MetS with non-fatal MI was 19.6% (95% CI; 15.5-23.7%). The prevalence of other preexisting risk factors were 60.0% with smoking history, 55.6% with over-work, 53.3% with stressful life and 36.1% with impaired glucose tolerance. These prevalence rates were not significantly different between MetS group and non-MetS group. Only the prevalence (22.3%) of elevated LDL-cholesterol in the non-MetS group was significantly higher than in the MetS group (14.4%). CONCLUSION Preexisting MetS may be able to predict only 20% of future MI. To prevent future myocardial infarction, precaution guidance may be required for people with not only preexisting MetS but also other preexisting risk factors of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riichiro Hamada
- Seirei Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Seirei Social Welfare Community, Japan.
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Lin YC, Chen JD, Lo SH, Chen PC. Worksite health screening programs for predicting the development of Metabolic Syndrome in middle-aged employees: a five-year follow-up study. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:747. [PMID: 21126351 PMCID: PMC3003648 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) management programs conventionally focus on the adults having MetS. However, risk assessment for MetS development is also important for many adults potentially at risk but do not yet fulfill MetS criteria at screening. Therefore, we conducted this follow-up study to explore whether initial screening records can be efficiently applied on the prediction of the MetS occurrence in healthy middle-aged employees. METHODS Utilizing health examination data, a five-year follow-up observational study was conducted for 1384 middle-aged Taiwanese employees not fulfilling MetS criteria. Data analyzed included: gender, age, MetS components, uric acid, insulin, liver enzymes, sonographic fatty liver, hepatovirus infections and lifestyle factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of risk for MetS development. The synergistic index (SI) values and their confidence intervals of risk factor combinations were calculated; and were used to estimate the interacting effects of coupling MetS components on MetS development. RESULTS Within five years, 13% (175 out of 1384) participants fulfilled MetS criteria. The ORs for MetS development among adults initially having one or two MetS components were 2.8 and 7.3, respectively (both p < 0.01), versus the adults having zero MetS component count at screening. Central obesity carried an OR of 7.5 (p < 0.01), which far exceeded other risk factors (all ORs < 2.7). Synergistic effects on MetS development existed between coupling MetS components: 1. High blood pressure plus low-HDL demonstrated an OR of 11.7 (p < 0.01) for MetS development and an SI of 4.7 (95% CI, 2.1-10.9). 2. High blood pressure plus hyperglycemia had an OR of 7.9 (p < 0.01), and an SI of 2.7 (95% CI, 1.2-6.4). CONCLUSION MetS component count and combination can be used in predicting MetS development for participants potentially at risk. Worksite MetS screening programs simultaneously allow for finding out cases and for assessing risk of MetS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Lin
- Health Management Center, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Akbaraly TN, Kivimaki M, Ancelin ML, Barberger-Gateau P, Mura T, Tzourio C, Touchon J, Ritchie K, Berr C. Metabolic syndrome, its components, and mortality in the elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:E327-32. [PMID: 20810578 PMCID: PMC2968732 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE The metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been shown to predict mortality in the middle-aged, but less is known on the impact of MetS and its components on mortality risk in the elderly. Our objectives were 1) to examine the association of MetS with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a French elderly community-dweller cohort and 2) to determine the main components driving these associations. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Prospective analyses were carried out on 7118 men and women aged 65 yr and over from the Three-City cohort. Association between MetS (defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) and mortality risk over the 7-yr follow-up was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, health behaviors, and health status, a 50% increased risk for all-cause mortality was observed in participants with MetS at baseline compared with those without, with a hazard ratio of 1.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24-1.92]. Elevated fasting blood glucose, high triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were the major contributors to this association, acting synergistically on mortality risk. For coronary heart disease mortality and cancer mortality, the hazard ratios associated with MetS were 2.21 (95% CI = 1.07-4.55) and 1.49 (95% CI = 1.04-2.14), respectively. CONCLUSIONS By showing that an elevated fasting blood glucose potentiates the excess mortality risk associated with lipid abnormality, our study supports the status of MetS as a risk factor for mortality in the elderly. Our findings emphasize the importance of MetS screening and managing dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in older persons in general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnime N Akbaraly
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité (U)888, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Kuk JL, Ardern CI. Age and sex differences in the clustering of metabolic syndrome factors: association with mortality risk. Diabetes Care 2010; 33:2457-61. [PMID: 20699434 PMCID: PMC2963512 DOI: 10.2337/dc10-0942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metabolic syndrome is a general term given to a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors that may consist of different phenotype combinations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the different combinations of factors that make up the metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program and to examine their association with all-cause mortality in younger and older men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 2,784 men and 3,240 women from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with public-access mortality data linkage (follow-up=14.2±0.2 years) were studied. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome was present in 26% of younger (aged≤65 years) and 55.0% of older (aged>65 years) participants. The most prevalent metabolic syndrome combination was the clustering of high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and elevated blood pressure in younger men (4.8%) and triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and elevated waist circumference in younger women (4.2%). The presence of all five metabolic syndrome factors was the most common metabolic syndrome combination in both older men (8.0%) and women (9.2%). Variation existed in how metabolic syndrome combinations were associated with mortality. In younger adults, having all five metabolic syndrome factors was most strongly associated with mortality risk, whereas in older men, none of metabolic syndrome combinations were associated with mortality. In older women, having elevated glucose or low HDL as one of the metabolic syndrome components was most strongly associated with mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome is a heterogeneous entity with age and sex variation in component clusters that may have important implications for interpreting the association between metabolic syndrome and mortality risk. Thus, metabolic syndrome used as a whole may mask important differences in assessing health and mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Kuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Crawford AG, Cote C, Couto J, Daskiran M, Gunnarsson C, Haas K, Haas S, Nigam SC, Schuette R. Prevalence of obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension in the United States: findings from the GE Centricity Electronic Medical Record database. Popul Health Manag 2010; 13:151-61. [PMID: 20521902 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2009.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed GE Centricity Electronic Medical Record (EMR) data to examine the effects of body mass index (BMI) and obesity, key risk factor components of metabolic syndrome, on the prevalence of 3 chronic diseases: type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. These chronic diseases occur with high prevalence and impose high disease burdens. The rationale for using Centricity EMR data is 2-fold. First, EMRs may be a good source of BMI/obesity data, which are often underreported in surveys and administrative databases. Second, EMRs provide an ideal means to track variables over time and, thus, allow longitudinal analyses of relationships between risk factors and disease prevalence and progression. Analysis of Centricity EMR data showed associations of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and BMI with diagnosed prevalence of the 3 conditions. Results include uniform direct correlations between age and BMI and prevalence of each disease; uniformly greater disease prevalence for males than females; varying differences by race/ethnicity (ie, African Americans have the highest prevalence of diagnosed type II diabetes and hypertension, while whites have the highest prevalence of diagnosed hypertension); and adverse effects of comorbidities. The direct associations between BMI and disease prevalence are consistent for males and females and across all racial/ethnic groups. The results reported herein contribute to the growing literature about the adverse effects of obesity on chronic disease prevalence and about the potential value of EMR data to elucidate trends in disease prevalence and facilitate longitudinal analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert G Crawford
- Thomas Jefferson University School of Population Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, Joseph L, Pilote L, Poirier P, Rinfret S, Schiffrin EL, Eisenberg MJ. The Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56:1113-32. [PMID: 20863953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1753] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Prahl U, Wikstrand J, Bergström GML, Behre CJ, Hulthe J, Fagerberg B. Slightly Elevated High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) Concentrations Are Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis in Women With Varying Degrees of Glucose Tolerance. Angiology 2010; 61:793-801. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319710370959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ≥2.0 mg/L was associated with increased intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque burden, and plaque echolucency in carotid arteries. Women (n = 635) from a population sample of 64-year-old females with varying degrees of glucose tolerance underwent risk factor assessment, measurement of hsCRP, and ultrasound examinations of the carotid arteries. Participants with hsCRP levels ≥2.0 mg/L had elevated carotid bulb IMT independently of other cardiovascular risk factors compared with those with hsCRP <2.0 mg/L. The participants with plaques in the highhsCRP group had larger total plaque area compared to those with plaque in the lower hsCRP group. Plaque echolucency did not differ between groups. High-sensitivity CRP levels ≥2.0 mg/L were accompanied by elevated IMT in the carotid bulbs independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. Total plaque area was larger among women with plaques in the high hsCRP group versus the lower hsCRP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrica Prahl
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, and Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | - John Wikstrand
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, and Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran M. L. Bergström
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, and Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Behre
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, and Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Hulthe
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, and Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, and Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Metabolic syndrome and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2010; 25:375-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-010-9459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tung HH, Chen YC, Wei J, Liu CY, Chang CY, Wang TJ. Leisure physical activity and quality of life after coronary artery bypass graft surgery for patients with metabolic syndrome in Taiwan. Heart Lung 2010; 39:410-20. [PMID: 20561890 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this correlational study was to explore the physical activity and quality of life of postcoronary artery bypass graft patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS Seventy patients were recruited via purposive sampling. Data were collected through three instruments: a demographic questionnaire, the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Health Survey. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 17.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL), and data analysis included percentages, means, standard deviations, correlation coefficients, and forward regressions. RESULTS Patients with a higher level of physical activity tended to have better quality of life. Our findings also indicated that the total Modifiable Activity Questionnaire score and age explained 15.1% of the variance in the physical component summary of quality of life, and 13.6% of the variance in the mental component summary of quality of life. CONCLUSION Based on this research, nursing staff should develop physical activity-related interventions to promote quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Hsin Tung
- National Taipei College of Nursing, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, PeiTou, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Raiko JRH, Viikari JSA, Ilmanen A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Taittonen L, Jokinen E, Pietikäinen M, Jula A, Loo BM, Marniemi J, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Rönnemaa T, Raitakari OT, Juonala M. Follow-ups of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study in 2001 and 2007: levels and 6-year changes in risk factors. J Intern Med 2010; 267:370-84. [PMID: 19754855 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine cardiovascular risk factor levels in 2007 and their 6-year changes between 2001 and 2007 using the data collected in the follow-ups of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. DESIGN Population-based follow-up study. SUBJECTS A total of 2204 healthy Finnish adults aged 30-45 years (1210 women; 994 men). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Levels in 2007 and changes between 2001 and 2007 of lipids, insulin, glucose, blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, alcohol consumption, waist and hip circumferences. RESULTS The mean serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in 30- to 45-year-old adults were 5.05, 3.09, 1.34 and 1.40 mmol L(-1), respectively. Significant changes (P < 0.05) between 2001 and 2007 in 30- to 39-year-old subjects included a decrease in total cholesterol (-6.6% in men, -5.8% in women), LDL-cholesterol (-10.2% and -11.6%) and an increase in diastolic blood pressure (3.5% and 3.9%). Waist circumference (1.8% and 5.5%) and systolic blood pressure increased in 36-39 year olds (2.3% and 2.3%). HDL-cholesterol increased in 30- to 33-year-old women (5.8%) Glucose levels increased in 30- to 39-year-old women (3.7%) and 36- to 39-year-old men (3.6%). Smoking prevalence decreased in 36- to 39-year-old men from 29.8% to 22.2%. CONCLUSIONS The 6-year changes in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in young Finns were favourable between 2001 and 2007. However, waist circumference, glucose and blood pressure levels increased. Therefore, continuous efforts are still needed in fighting against cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R H Raiko
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Parker B, Bruce IN. The Metabolic Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2010; 36:81-97, viii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Khader YS, Khasawneh B, Daoud AK, Khatatbeh M. The association between metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease in Jordan. Chronic Illn 2009; 5:235-42. [PMID: 19933250 DOI: 10.1177/1742395309339266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies in Jordan showed a considerably high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MeS) and its individual components. However, data about the association between MeS and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Jordan are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between MeS and CAD among Jordanians. METHODS This case-control study included 269 patients diagnosed with CAD and 1026 subjects without CAD. Data collected from cases and controls included socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and anthropometric measurements. Patients were diagnosed with MeS based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) adult treatment panel (ATP) III. RESULTS MeS was present in 65.1% of patients with CAD and in 44.0% of those with no CAD (p<0.0005). After adjusting for the important variables in the multivariate analysis, those with MeS were twice more likely to have CAD (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.93, p = 0.002) compared to those without MeS. The number of metabolic abnormalities was significantly associated with CAD, when it substituted MeS in the regression model, with a higher number of MeS components led to greater odds for CAD. CONCLUSIONS The MeS, which occurs very frequently in the general population, is associated with CAD in Jordan. The identification of subjects with the MeS is conceivably useful from a clinical standpoint, as it can be anticipated that these individuals should benefit from interventions aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef S Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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