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Yang Y, Ye H, Yan H, Zhang C, Li W, Li Z, Jing H, Li X, Liang J, Xie G, Liang W, Ou Y, Li X, Guo W. Potential correlations between asymmetric disruption of functional connectivity and metabolism in major depressive disorder. Brain Res 2024; 1838:148977. [PMID: 38705556 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has suggested a connection between major depressive disorder (MDD) and certain comorbidities, including gastrointestinal issues, thyroid dysfunctions, and glycolipid metabolism abnormalities. However, the relationships between these factors and asymmetrical alterations in functional connectivity (FC) in adults with MDD remain unclear. METHOD We conducted a study on a cohort of 42 MDD patients and 42 healthy controls (HCs). Participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessments, including evaluations of blood lipids and thyroid hormone levels, as well as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) scans. Data analysis involved correlation analysis to compute the parameter of asymmetry (PAS) for the entire brain's functional connectome. We then examined the interrelationships between abnormal PAS regions in the brain, thyroid hormone levels, and blood lipid levels. RESULTS The third-generation ultra-sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH3UL) level was found to be significantly lower in MDD patients compared to HCs. The PAS score of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) decreased, while the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (Bi-PCC) PAS increased in MDD patients relative to HCs. Notably, the PAS score of the left IFG negatively correlated with both TSH and total cholesterol (CHOL) levels. However, these correlations lose significance after the Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION MDD patients demonstrated abnormal asymmetry in resting-state FC (Rs-FC) within the fronto-limbic system, which may be associated with CHOL and thyroid hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Haibiao Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chunguo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Huang Jing
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jiaquan Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Barrea C, Dufour P, Catherine P, Charlier C, Brevers F, Rousselle L, Parent AS. Impact of antenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent organic pollutants on intellectual development. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 261:114422. [PMID: 38981323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Strong experimental evidence exists that several endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have neurobehavioral toxicity. However, evidence of associations between prenatal exposure and child's cognitive development is inconsistent. Moreover, toxicants are generally analyzed one by one without considering aggregate effects. We examined here the impact of a prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on intellectual abilities in preschool children, and compared their effects to those described in the literature. METHODS Sixty-two children were included in a longitudinal cohort. Four organochlorine pesticides, four polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and seven perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were measured in cord blood. Intellectual abilities were assessed at 6 years of age using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 4th ed. (WPPSI-IV). We examined the associations between a mixture of POPs and cognitive performances using principal components approach (PCA) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression taking sex difference into account. RESULTS No negative correlation was found when analyses were performed on boys and girls together. In sex-stratified analyses, lower scores in full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and fluid reasoning index (FRI) were observed in boys most exposed to a mixture of POPs. Increase of the WQS index was also associated with lower verbal comprehension index (VCI) scores in girls only. No other negative correlation was found using both WQS and PCA models. CONCLUSION Our study suggests deleterious associations between antenatal exposure to a mixture of POPs and sex-specific cognitive level, clarifying some trends described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Barrea
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, 4000, Liege, Belgium; GIGA Neurosciences, Neuroendocrinology Unit, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Patrice Dufour
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pirard Catherine
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Fanny Brevers
- Research Unit for a life-Course perspective on Health and Education, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Laurence Rousselle
- Research Unit for a life-Course perspective on Health and Education, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, 4000, Liege, Belgium; GIGA Neurosciences, Neuroendocrinology Unit, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, 4000, Liege, Belgium
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3
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Rajan A, Fame RM. Brain development and bioenergetic changes. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106550. [PMID: 38849103 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioenergetics describe the biochemical processes responsible for energy supply in organisms. When these changes become dysregulated in brain development, multiple neurodevelopmental diseases can occur, implicating bioenergetics as key regulators of neural development. Historically, the discovery of disease processes affecting individual stages of brain development has revealed critical roles that bioenergetics play in generating the nervous system. Bioenergetic-dependent neurodevelopmental disorders include neural tube closure defects, microcephaly, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, mTORopathies, and oncogenic processes. Developmental timing and cell-type specificity of these changes determine the long-term effects of bioenergetic disease mechanisms on brain form and function. Here, we discuss key metabolic regulators of neural progenitor specification, neuronal differentiation (neurogenesis), and gliogenesis. In general, transitions between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are regulated in early brain development and in oncogenesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial maturity play key roles later in differentiation. We also discuss how bioenergetics interface with the developmental regulation of other key neural elements, including the cerebrospinal fluid brain environment. While questions remain about the interplay between bioenergetics and brain development, this review integrates the current state of known key intersections between these processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Rajan
- Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryann M Fame
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Zare Z, Shafia S, Mohammadi M. Thyroid hormone deficiency affects anxiety-related behaviors and expression of hippocampal glutamate transporters in male congenital hypothyroid rat offspring. Horm Behav 2024; 162:105548. [PMID: 38636205 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are crucial for brain development and their deficiency during fetal and postnatal periods can lead to mood and cognitive disorders. We aimed to examine the consequences of thyroid hormone deficiency on anxiety-related behaviors and protein expression of hippocampal glutamate transporters in congenital hypothyroid male offspring rats. Possible beneficial effects of treadmill exercise have also been examined. Congenital hypothyroidism was induced by adding propylthiouracil (PTU) to drinking water of pregnant Wistar rats from gestational day 6 until the end of the weaning period (postnatal day 28). Next, following 4 weeks of treadmill exercise (5 days per week), anxiety-related behaviors were examined using elevated plus maze (EPM) and light/dark box tests. Thereafter, protein expression of astrocytic (GLAST and GLT-1) and neuronal (EAAC1) glutamate transporters were measured in the hippocampus by immunoblotting. Hypothyroid rats showed decreased anxiety-like behavior, as measured by longer time spent in the open arms of the EPM and in the light area of the light/dark box, compared to control rats. Hypothyroid rats had significantly higher GLAST and GLT-1 and lower EAAC1 protein levels in the hippocampus than did the euthyroid rats. Following exercise, anxiety levels decreased in the euthyroid group while protein expression of EAAC1 increased and returned to normal levels in the hypothyroid group. Our findings indicate that thyroid hormone deficiency was associated with alterations in protein expression of glutamate transporters in the hippocampus. Up-regulation of hippocampal GLAST and GLT-1 could be at least one of the mechanisms associated with the anxiolytic effects of congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Zare
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shafia
- Department of Physiology, Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Moslem Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Zhang X, Gong H, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Cheng J, Song Y, Wang B, Qin Y, Sun M. Bisphenol S impairs mitochondrial function by targeting Myo19/oxidative phosphorylation pathway contributing to axonal and dendritic injury. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108643. [PMID: 38615544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to bisphenol S (BPS) is known to adversely affect neuronal development. As pivotal components of neuronal polarization, axons and dendrites are indispensable structures within neurons, crucial for the maintenance of nervous system function. Here, we investigated the impact of BPS exposure on axonal and dendritic development both in vivo and in vitro. Our results revealed that exposure to BPS during pregnancy and lactation led to a reduction in the complexity, density, and length of axons and dendrites in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of offspring. Employing RNA sequencing technology to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of axonal and dendritic damage induced by BPS, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis highlighted a significant alteration in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway, essential for mitochondrial function. Subsequent experiments demonstrate BPS-induced impairment in mitochondrial function, including damaged morphology, decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA). These alterations coincided with the downregulated expression of OXPHOS pathway-related genes (ATP6V1B1, ATP5K, NDUFC1, NDUFC2, NDUFA3, COX6B1) and Myosin 19 (Myo19). Notably, Myo19 overexpression restored the BPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by alleviating the inhibition of OXPHOS pathway. Consequently, this amelioration was associated with a reduction in BPS-induced axonal and dendritic injury observed in cultured neurons of the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongyang Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yangna Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jihan Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Binquan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mingkuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Chen D, Ye Y, Lan Y, He M, Wu J, Wang L, Chen Z. Adequate iodine nutrition and higher salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18-59 years recommended by international organizations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6993. [PMID: 38523151 PMCID: PMC10961319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Iodine deficiency and excessive salt intake have adverse health effects. This study evaluated the iodine level and salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18-59 years after implementing the salt reduction program and compared with both the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese recommendations. Adults aged 18-59 years were randomly selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling in coastal urban area (CUA), non-coastal urban area (Non-CUA), coastal rural area (CRA), and non-coastal rural area (Non-CRA) of Fujian Province, China. Iodine, sodium, and creatinine concentrations in spot urine samples were measured. Knudsen equation was used to determine 24-h urinary iodine and sodium excretion. The median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) and urinary sodium concentration (mUNaC) among adults (n = 3513) were 132.0 μg/L and 4.0 g/d, respectively. The mUIC and median daily iodine intake in CUA, Non-CUA, CRA and Non-CRA were 112.1, 127.5, 128.5, 167.5 μg/L and 189.6, 182.5, 199.4, 236.0 μg/d, respectively. The mUNaC and median daily salt intake (mDSI) in these four areas were 2.4, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9 g/L and 9.8, 10.4, 10.4, 10.6 g/d, respectively. The mUIC and DII of residents were higher in the Non-CRA than in the other three areas (P < 0.05). The UNaC and DSI of residents were lower in the CUA than in the other three areas (P < 0.05). The logistic regression demonstrated that the people living in CUA and Non-CUA consumed less salt compared with those in Non-CRA. Except for Non-CUA, the DII was lower (< 150 μg/d) among women of childbearing age in the low-salt intake group (< 5 g/d) compared with the high-salt intake group (≥ 5 g/d) (P < 0.05). Iodine nutrition in Chinese adults aged 18-59 years was sufficient, but the salt intake was substantially higher than the WHO and Chinese recommendations. Further policy implementation is needed to reduce salt intake and improve the monitoring of iodine levels in Chinese adults, especially in women of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diqun Chen
- Institute for Endemic and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350012, Fujian, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Institute for Endemic and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350012, Fujian, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Lan
- Institute for Endemic and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350012, Fujian, China
| | - Meng He
- Institute for Endemic and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350012, Fujian, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- Institute for Endemic and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350012, Fujian, China
| | - Lijin Wang
- Institute for Endemic and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350012, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Institute for Endemic and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350012, Fujian, China.
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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7
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Menotti S, Mura C, Raia S, Bergianti L, De Carolis S, Romeo DM, Rota CA, Pontecorvi A. Overt hypothyroidism in pregnancy and language development in offspring: is there an association? J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02317-2. [PMID: 38498228 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overt hypothyroidism during pregnancy is linked to various obstetric complications, such as premature birth and fetal death. While some studies have shown that maternal hypothyroidism can impact a child's Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and language development, findings are controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the connection between treated maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment, focusing on learning and language and examining related maternal obstetric complications. METHODS Group 1 included 31 hypothyroid women with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (> 10 mU/L, > 10 µIU/mL) during pregnancy, and Group 2 had 21 euthyroid women with normal TSH levels (0.5-2.5 mU/L, 0.5-2.5 µIU/mL). Children underwent neuropsycological assessments using the Griffiths-II scale. RESULTS Pregnancy outcome showed an average gestational age at delivery of 38.2 weeks for hypothyroid women, compared to 40 weeks for controls, and average birth weight of 2855.6 g versus 3285 g for controls, with hypothyroid women having children with higher intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) prevalence and more caesarean sections. The 1-min APGAR score was lower for the hypothyroid group's children, at 8.85 versus 9.52. Neuropsychological outcomes showed children of hypothyroid mothers scored lower in neurocognitive development, particularly in the learning and language subscale (subscale C), with a notable correlation between higher maternal TSH levels and lower subscale scores. CONCLUSION Fetuses born to hypothyroid mothers appeared to be at higher risk of IUGR and reduced APGAR score at birth. Neurocognitive development seemed to affect language performance more than the developmental quotient. This alteration appeared to correlate with the severity of hypothyroidism and its duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Menotti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - C Mura
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Raia
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - L Bergianti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S De Carolis
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Woman Health Area Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - D M Romeo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - C A Rota
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Pontecorvi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Gilbert ME, Hassan I, O'Shaughnessy KL, Wood C, Stoker TE, Riutta C, Ford JL. Ammonium perchlorate: serum dosimetry, neurotoxicity, and resilience of the neonatal rat thyroid system. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:113-127. [PMID: 38145495 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental contaminant perchlorate impairs the synthesis of thyroid hormones by reducing iodine uptake into the thyroid gland. Despite this known action, moderate doses of perchlorate do not significantly alter serum thyroid hormone in rat pups born to exposed dams. We examined perchlorate dosimetry and responsivity of the thyroid gland and brain in offspring following maternal exposure to perchlorate. Pregnant rat dams were delivered perchlorate in drinking water (0, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ppm) from gestational day 6 to postnatal day (PN) 21. Perchlorate was present in the placenta, milk, and serum, the latter declining in pups over the course of lactation. Serum and brain thyroid hormone were reduced in pups at birth but recovered to control levels by PN2. Dramatic upregulation of Nis was observed in the thyroid gland of the exposed pup. Despite the return of serum thyroid hormone to control levels by PN2, expression of several TH-responsive genes was altered in the PN14 pup brain. Contextual fear learning was unimpaired in the adults, supporting previous reports. Declining levels of serum perchlorate and a profound upregulation of Nis gene expression in the thyroid gland are consistent with the rapid return to the euthyroid state in the neonate. However, despite this recovery, thyroid hormone insufficiencies in serum and brain beginning in utero and present at birth appear sufficient to alter TH action in the fetus and subsequent trajectory of brain development. Biomarkers of that altered trajectory remain in the brain of the neonate, demonstrating that perchlorate is not devoid of effects on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Gilbert
- Office of Research and Development, Centre for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Iman Hassan
- Office of Air Quality, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Katherine L O'Shaughnessy
- Office of Research and Development, Centre for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Carmen Wood
- Office of Research and Development, Centre for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Tammy E Stoker
- Office of Research and Development, Centre for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Cal Riutta
- Office of Research and Development, Centre for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Jermaine L Ford
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Davidsen N, Ramhøj L, Ballegaard ASR, Rosenmai AK, Henriksen CS, Svingen T. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) disrupts cadherin-16 in the developing rat thyroid gland. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100154. [PMID: 38352163 PMCID: PMC10861841 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) can disrupt the thyroid hormone (TH) system in rodents, potentially affecting perinatal growth and neurodevelopment. Some studies also suggest that gestational exposure to PFOS can lead to lower TH levels throughout life, indicating that PFOS may compromise thyroid gland development. To address this question, we utilized a rat thyroid gland ex vivo culture system to study direct effects of PFOS on the developing thyroid. No significant changes to follicular structure or size were observed with 1 µM or 10 µM PFOS exposure. However, the transcription factor Foxe1, together with Tpo and Lrp2, were upregulated, whereas the key transcription factor Pax8 and its downstream target gene Cdh16 were significantly downregulated at the transcript level, observed with both RT-qPCR and RNAscope. Notably, Cdh16 expression was not uniformly downregulated across Cdh16-postive cells, but instead displayed a patchy expression pattern across the thyroid gland. This is a significant change in expression pattern compared to control thyroids where Cdh16 is expressed relatively uniformly. The disrupted expression pattern was also seen at the protein level. This suggests that PFOS exposure can impact follicular growth and structure. Compromised follicle integrity, if irreversible, could help explain reduced TH synthesis postnatally. This view is supported by observed changes to Tpo and Lrp2 expression, two factors that play a role in TH synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichlas Davidsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Louise Ramhøj
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Zhu Q, Jiang G, Lang X, Zhang J, Fu Z, Zhang P, Zheng Y, Zhang XY. Prevalence and clinical correlates of thyroid dysfunction in first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients with metabolic syndrome. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:35-41. [PMID: 37633524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the relative factors of thyroid dysfunction in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with Metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to explore the prevalence and related factors associated with thyroid dysfunction in drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients with MetS. METHODS 1718 FEDN MDD patients were recruited and their demographic data, clinical data were collected. Various biochemical indicators including fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids and thyroid hormones were measured. The 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17), 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA-14) and positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess clinical symptoms. RESULTS Among FEDN MDD patients, MetS was an independent risk factor for TSH abnormality (P < 0.001, Adjusted OR = 3.77, 95%CI: 2.82-5.05). In patients with MetS, those with TSH abnormality had significantly longer duration of illness, higher HAMD, HAMA, and PANSS positive subscale scores, higher levels of TC, LDL-C, blood glucose, pressure, lower levels of HDL-C, and a higher probability of suicide attempt (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS MetS is significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction in patients with FEDN MDD. Related factors for thyroid dysfunction include a number of clinical indicators and psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfeng Zhu
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiaoE Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengchuang Fu
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Rogge B, Heldmann M, Chatterjee K, Moran C, Göttlich M, Uter J, Wagner-Altendorf TA, Steinhardt J, Brabant G, Münte TF, Cirkel A. Changes in brain structure in subjects with resistance to thyroid hormone due to THRB mutations. Thyroid Res 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 37592301 PMCID: PMC10433577 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-023-00176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being critical for brain development and neurocognitive function thyroid hormones may have an effect on behaviour and brain structure. Our exploratory study aimed to delineate the influence of mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) ß gene on brain structure. METHODS High-resolution 3D T1-weighted images were acquired in 21 patients with a resistance to thyroid hormone ß (RTHß) in comparison to 21 healthy matched-controls. Changes in grey and white matter, as well as cortical thickness were evaluated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). RESULTS RTHß patients showed elevated circulating fT4 & fT3 with normal TSH concentrations, whereas controls showed normal thyroid hormone levels. RTHß patients revealed significantly higher scores in a self-rating questionnaire for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Imaging revealed alterations of the corticospinal tract, increased cortical thickness in bilateral superior parietal cortex and decreased grey matter volume in bilateral inferior temporal cortex and thalamus. CONCLUSION RTHb patients exhibited structural changes in multiple brain areas. Whether these structural changes are causally linked to the abnormal behavioral profile of RTHß which is similar to ADHD, remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenike Rogge
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carla Moran
- Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Göttlich
- Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Uter
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Julia Steinhardt
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Brabant
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna Cirkel
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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12
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Stahl A, Biadsee A, Hornik-Lurie T, Nageris B. Association Between Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level and Bell's Palsy. Otol Neurotol 2023:00129492-990000000-00328. [PMID: 37400268 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether dysregulated thyroid hormone function is associated with Bell's palsy. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Electronic medical record database of Clalit Health Services (CHS). CHS is an Israeli payer-provider, integrated health care system, serving >4.5 million members (54% of the Israeli population). PATIENTS Older than 18 years with Bell's palsy, during 2002 to 2019. INTERVENTIONS None. METHODS A total of 1,374 patients with Bell's palsy who had thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) blood levels measured up to 60 days before the palsy were matched (1:2) for age and sex with 2,748 controls who had TSH blood levels and no history of Bell's palsy. RESULTS Retrospective review of the CHS database, from 2002 to 2019 yielded 11,268 patients with Bell's palsy, of which, 1,374 met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 57.9 years, and 61.4% were female. A higher percentage of patients in the Bell's palsy group had low TSH (≤0.55 mIU/L) compared with controls (5.7% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001). Low TSH compared with TSH > 0.55 mIU/L, was independently associated with 1.45-fold increased odds for having Bell's palsy (95% CI 1.11-2.02, p < 0.001), when controlled for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, prior cerebrovascular accident, hemoglobin level, and purchasing thyroid hormone drugs. Among the patients with TSH ≤ 0.55 mIU/L, 95.5% had normal free thyroxin and 97.7% had normal free triiodothyronine levels (subclinical hyperthyroidism). For 47.1% of patients, TSH remained ≤0.55 mIU/L, 3 to 12 months after the Bell's palsy occurred and most patients had normal free thyroxin (95.4%) and normal free triiodothyronine (91.8%). CONCLUSIONS Subclinical hyperthyroidism is independently associated with Bell's palsy after controlling for multiple confounding factors.
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Ford J, Riutta C, Kosian PA, O'Shaughessy K, Gilbert M. Reducing uncertainties in quantitative adverse outcome pathways by analysis of thyroid hormone in the neonatal rat brain. Toxicol Sci 2023; 193:192-203. [PMID: 37099719 PMCID: PMC10732312 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of xenobiotics interfere with thyroid hormone (TH) signaling. Although adequate supplies of TH are necessary for normal brain development, regulatory reliance on serum TH as proxies for brain TH insufficiency is fraught with significant uncertainties. A more direct causal linkage to neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by TH-system disrupting chemicals is to measure TH in the target organ of most concern, the brain. However, the phospholipid-rich matrix of brain tissue presents challenges for TH extraction and measurement. We report optimized analytical procedures to extract TH in brain tissue of rats with recoveries >80% and low detection limits for T3, rT3, and T4 (0.013, 0.033, and 0.028 ng/g, respectively). Recovery of TH is augmented by enhancing phospholipid separation from TH using an anion exchange column coupled with a stringent column wash. Quality control measures incorporating a matrix-matched calibration procedure revealed excellent recovery and consistency across a large number of samples. Application of optimized procedures revealed age-dependent increases in neonatal brain T4, T3, and rT3 on the day of birth (postnatal day, PN0), PN2, PN6, and PN14. No sex-dependent differences in brain TH were observed at these ages, and similar TH levels were evident in perfused versus non-perfused brains. Implementation of a robust and reliable method to quantify TH in the fetal and neonatal rat brain will aid in the characterization of the thyroid-dependent chemical interference on neurodevelopment. A brain- in addition to a serum-based metric will reduce uncertainties in assessment of hazard and risk on the developing brain posed by thyroid system-disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine Ford
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Cal Riutta
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Patricia A Kosian
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA
| | - Katherine O'Shaughessy
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Mary Gilbert
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Lucaccioni L, Palandri L, Passini E, Trevisani V, Calandra Buonaura F, Bertoncelli N, Talucci G, Ferrari A, Ferrari E, Predieri B, Facchinetti F, Iughetti L, Righi E. Perinatal and postnatal exposure to phthalates and early neurodevelopment at 6 months in healthy infants born at term. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1172743. [PMID: 37293488 PMCID: PMC10244530 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phthalates are non-persistent chemicals largely used as plasticizers and considered ubiquitous pollutants with endocrine disrupting activity. The exposure during sensible temporal windows as pregnancy and early childhood, may influence physiological neurodevelopment. Aims and Scope The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the urinary levels of phthalate metabolites in newborn and infants and the global development measured by the Griffiths Scales of Children Development (GSCD) at six months. Methods Longitudinal cohort study in healthy Italian term newborn and their mothers from birth to the first 6 months of life. Urine samples were collected at respectively 0 (T0), 3 (T3), 6 (T6) months, and around the delivery for mothers. Urine samples were analyzed for a total of 7 major phthalate metabolites of 5 of the most commonly used phthalates. At six months of age a global child development assessment using the third edition of the Griffith Scales of Child Development (GSCD III) was performed in 104 participants. Results In a total of 387 urine samples, the seven metabolites analyzed appeared widespread and were detected in most of the urine samples collected at any time of sampling (66-100%). At six months most of the Developmental Quotients (DQs) falls in average range, except for the subscale B, which presents a DQ median score of 87 (85-95). Adjusted linear regressions between DQs and urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in mothers at T0 and in infants at T0, T3 and T6 identified several negative associations both for infants' and mothers especially for DEHP and MBzP. Moreover, once stratified by children's sex, negative associations were found in boys while positive in girls. Conclusions Phthalates exposure is widespread, especially for not regulated compounds. Urinary phthalate metabolites were found to be associated to GSCD III scores, showing inverse association with higher phthalate levels related to lower development scores. Our data suggested differences related to the child's sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lucaccioni
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Palandri
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Passini
- Post graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Viola Trevisani
- Post graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Natascia Bertoncelli
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Talucci
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchinetti
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Post graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Righi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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15
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Silva N, Campinho MA. In a zebrafish biomedical model of human Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome impaired MTH signaling leads to decreased neural cell diversity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1157685. [PMID: 37214246 PMCID: PMC10194031 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1157685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternally derived thyroid hormone (T3) is a fundamental factor for vertebrate neurodevelopment. In humans, mutations on the thyroid hormones (TH) exclusive transporter monocarboxylic acid transporter 8 (MCT8) lead to the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS). Patients with AHDS present severe underdevelopment of the central nervous system, with profound cognitive and locomotor consequences. Functional impairment of zebrafish T3 exclusive membrane transporter Mct8 phenocopies many symptoms observed in patients with AHDS, thus providing an outstanding animal model to study this human condition. In addition, it was previously shown in the zebrafish mct8 KD model that maternal T3 (MTH) acts as an integrator of different key developmental pathways during zebrafish development. Methods Using a zebrafish Mct8 knockdown model, with consequent inhibition of maternal thyroid hormones (MTH) uptake to the target cells, we analyzed genes modulated by MTH by qPCR in a temporal series from the start of segmentation through hatching. Survival (TUNEL) and proliferation (PH3) of neural progenitor cells (dla, her2) were determined, and the cellular distribution of neural MTH-target genes in the spinal cord during development was characterized. In addition, in-vivo live imaging was performed to access NOTCH overexpression action on cell division in this AHDS model. We determined the developmental time window when MTH is required for appropriate CNS development in the zebrafish; MTH is not involved in neuroectoderm specification but is fundamental in the early stages of neurogenesis by promoting the maintenance of specific neural progenitor populations. MTH signaling is required for developing different neural cell types and maintaining spinal cord cytoarchitecture, and modulation of NOTCH signaling in a non-autonomous cell manner is involved in this process. Discussion The findings show that MTH allows the enrichment of neural progenitor pools, regulating the cell diversity output observed by the end of embryogenesis and that Mct8 impairment restricts CNS development. This work contributes to the understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying human AHDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Silva
- Centre for Marine Sciences of the University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute, University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco António Campinho
- Centre for Marine Sciences of the University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute, University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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16
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Lazcano I, Pech-Pool SM, Olvera A, García-Martínez I, Palacios-Pérez S, Orozco A. The importance of thyroid hormone signaling during early development: Lessons from the zebrafish model. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 334:114225. [PMID: 36709002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish is an optimal experimental model to study thyroid hormone (TH) involvement in vertebrate development. The use of state-of-the-art zebrafish genetic tools available for the study of the effect of gene silencing, cell fate decisions and cell lineage differentiation have contributed to a more insightful comprehension of molecular, cellular, and tissue-specific TH actions. In contrast to intrauterine development, extrauterine embryogenesis observed in zebrafish has facilitated a more detailed study of the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. This model has also enabled a more insightful analysis of TH molecular actions upon the organization and function of the brain, the retina, the heart, and the immune system. Consequently, zebrafish has become a trendy model to address paradigms of TH-related functional and biomedical importance. We here compilate the available knowledge regarding zebrafish developmental events for which specific components of TH signaling are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lazcano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - S M Pech-Pool
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - A Olvera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - I García-Martínez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - S Palacios-Pérez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - A Orozco
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
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17
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A Scoping Review of Iodine and Fluoride in Pregnancy in Relation to Maternal Thyroid Function and Offspring Neurodevelopment. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:317-338. [PMID: 36796438 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine (I), an essential nutrient, is important for thyroid function and therefore growth and development. Fluoride (F), also an essential nutrient, strengthens bones and teeth, and prevents childhood dental caries. Both severe and mild-to-moderate I deficiency and high F exposure during development are associated to decreased intelligence quotient with recent reports associating high levels of F exposure during pregnancy and infancy to low intelligence quotient. Both F and I are halogens, and it has been suggested that F may interfere with the role of I in thyroid function. We provide a scoping review of the literature on I and F exposure dur pregnancy and their individual effects on thyroid function and offspring neurodevelopment. We first discuss I intake and status in pregnancy and the relationship to thyroid function and offspring neurodevelopment. We follow with the F in pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. We then review the interaction between I and F on thyroid function. We searched for, and found only one study that assessed both I and F in pregnancy. We conclude more studies are needed.
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Engel SM, Villanger GD, Herring A, Nethery RC, Drover S, Zoeller RT, Meltzer HM, Zeiner P, Knudsen GP, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Longnecker MP, Aase H. Gestational thyroid hormone concentrations and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023; 37:218-228. [PMID: 36482860 PMCID: PMC10038840 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal thyroid function plays an important role in foetal brain development; however, little consensus exists regarding the relationship between normal variability in thyroid hormones and common neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the association between mid-pregnancy maternal thyroid function and risk of clinically diagnosed ADHD in offspring. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Among children born 2003 or later, we randomly sampled singleton ADHD cases obtained through linkage with the Norwegian Patient Registry (n = 298) and 554 controls. Concentrations of maternal triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), T3-Uptake, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) were measured in maternal plasma, collected at approximately 17 weeks' gestation. Indices of free T4 (FT4i) and free T3 (FT3i) were calculated. We used multivariable adjusted logistic regression to calculate odds ratios and accounted for missing covariate data using multiple imputation. We used restricted cubic splines to assess non-linear trends and provide flexible representations. We examined effect measure modification by dietary iodine and selenium intake. In sensitivity analyses, we excluded women with clinically significant thyroid disorders (n = 73). RESULTS High maternal T3 was associated with increased risk of ADHD (5th vs 1st quintile odds ratio 2.27, 95% confidence interval 1.21, 4.26). For FT4i, both the lowest and highest quintiles were associated with an approximate 1.6-fold increase in risk of ADHD, with similar trends found for T4. The FT4i association was modified by dietary iodine intake such that the highest risk strata were confined to the low intake group. CONCLUSIONS Both high and low concentrations of maternal thyroid hormones, although within population reference ranges, increase the risk of ADHD in offspring. Increased susceptibility may be found among women with low dietary intake of iodine and selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | | | - Amy Herring
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Rachel C. Nethery
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Samantha Drover
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - R. Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo
| | | | - Heidi Aase
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Baugh KA, Robbins J, Schultz IR, Ylitalo GM. Persistent organic pollutants in female humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae from the Gulf of Maine. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120616. [PMID: 36410597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Contaminant studies in cetaceans can provide information about pollutant levels and patterns in a given region. Due to the confounding effects of reproductive status and maternal offloading in females, these studies typically focus on males. However, an improved understanding of contaminant burdens in female cetaceans is needed to better assess potential impacts to populations. The objectives of this study were to characterize concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blubber of female humpback whales across age classes and to also better characterize maternal offloading of these pollutants to their offspring. A total of 36 blubber biopsy samples of female humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from the Gulf of Maine were analyzed to examine contaminant loads across females of different ages. Sampled individuals were individually-identified from longitudinal studies and assigned to age class (i.e., adult, subadult, juvenile, calf). Analysis was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of POPs including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), chlordanes (CHLDs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). The most abundant POPs were PCB congeners, with summed values ranging from 280 to 12,000 ng/g, lipid weight, which is above recent estimates of the threshold for adverse health effects. We found significant differences in mean values between adults and juveniles and between adults and subadults, with the exception of the less persistent HCHs for the latter. We also found significant differences in mean levels of ∑HCHs between the juveniles and subadults. Changes over age are consistent with maternal offloading and potentially important for evaluating population health and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri A Baugh
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA.
| | - Jooke Robbins
- Center for Coastal Studies, 5 Holway Avenue, Provincetown, MA, 02657, USA
| | - Irvin R Schultz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
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Dubeau C, Aker A, Caron-Beaudoin É, Ayotte P, Blanchette C, McHugh NGL, Lemire M. Perfluoroalkyl acid and bisphenol-A exposure via food sources in four First Nation communities in Quebec, Canada. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:106-121. [PMID: 35272726 PMCID: PMC11077462 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) and bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure in four First Nation communities in northern Quebec compared with the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS Cycle 5 2016-2017) and examine the associations between dietary consumption and chemical exposure. DESIGN We used cross-sectional data from the JES-YEH! project conducted in collaboration with four First Nation communities in 2015. A FFQ collected information on diet, and PFAA and BPA were measured in biological samples. We used generalised linear models to test the associations between food intake and chemical biomarkers. SETTING Northern Quebec. PARTICIPANTS Youth aged 3-19 years (n 198). RESULTS Mean perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) levels were significantly higher in JES-YEH! than CHMS, and BPA levels were higher among those aged 12-19 years compared with CHMS. Dairy products were associated with PFNA among Anishinabe and Innu participants (geometric mean ratio 95 % CI: 1·53 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·29) and 1·52 (95 % CI 1·05, 2·20), respectively). PFNA was also associated with ultra-processed foods (1·57 (95 % CI 1·07, 2·31)) among Anishinabe, and with wild fish and berries (1·44 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·94); 1·75 (95 % CI 1·30, 2·36)) among Innu. BPA was associated with cheese (1·72 (95 % CI 1·19, 2·50)) and milk (1·53 (95 % CI 1·02, 2·29)) among Anishinabe, and with desserts (1·71 (95 % CI 1·07, 2·74)), processed meats (1·55 (95 % CI 1·00, 2·38)), wild fish (1·64 (95 % CI 1·07, 2·49)) and wild berries (2·06 (95 % CI 1·37, 3·10)) among Innu. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of better documenting food-processing and packaging methods, particularly for dairy products, and their contribution to endocrine disruptors exposures as well as to promote minimally processed and unpackaged foods to provide healthier food environments for youth in Indigenous communities and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudelle Dubeau
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Institut de
Biologie Intégrative et des Systèms, Université Laval,
Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Amira Aker
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Institut de
Biologie Intégrative et des Systèms, Université Laval,
Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Santé Des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre
de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 1050 Ch Ste-Foy,
Québec, QCG1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Élyse Caron-Beaudoin
- Department of Health and Society, University of
Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON,
Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver Coastal Health
Research Institute, Research Pavilion, Vancouver, BC,
Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Axe Santé Des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre
de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 1050 Ch Ste-Foy,
Québec, QCG1S 4L8, Canada
- Institut National de Santé Publique du
Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caty Blanchette
- Axe Santé Des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre
de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 1050 Ch Ste-Foy,
Québec, QCG1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh
- Commission de Santé et de Services Sociaux Des
Premières Nations Québec Labrador, Wendake, QC,
Canada
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Institut de
Biologie Intégrative et des Systèms, Université Laval,
Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Santé Des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre
de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 1050 Ch Ste-Foy,
Québec, QCG1S 4L8, Canada
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Fu M, Wu W, Guo W, Jin Q, Meng Q, Gao Y, Yang R, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhang W. Effects of maternal iodine nutritional status on neurodevelopmental and cognitive function of rat offspring. Front Nutr 2022; 9:996092. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.996092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the effect of maternal iodine status on the brain development of offspring in rats. Since in human studies, the interference of environmental factors and other nutrients cannot be removed.Materials and methodsA total of 48 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: low iodine (LI), normal iodine (NI), 10-fold high iodine (10HI), and 50-fold high iodine (50HI). The rats were killed on the 15th day of pregnancy and lactation after collecting 24-h urine. The iodine concentration in 24-h urine, blood, and placenta of pregnant rats, and 24-h urine, milk, blood, and mammary glands of lactating rats was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The thyroid hormone of pregnant and lactating rats was detected by chemiluminescence. The offspring were subjected to the Morris water maze on the 10th day after birth. Serum was collected to detect the thyroid hormone of offspring. The protein expression of neuroendocrine-specific protein (NSP)-A and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the offspring brain were studied.ResultsIodine storage in the placenta during pregnancy and mammary glands during lactation was positively correlated with iodine intake, and iodine storage in the placenta and mammary glands in the 50HI group was significantly higher than that in the NI group (P = 0.045 and P = 0.040). Compared with the NI group, the offspring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was significantly higher in the 10HI group (P = 0.046), and the FT4 level was significantly lower in the 50HI group (P = 0.032). The Morris water maze showed that LI and 50HI groups required longer time and distance to find the platform than the NI group (P < 0.001). The platform crossing numbers in the LI and 50HI groups decreased significantly (P < 0.001). The expression of NSP-A in offspring brain was lower in the 10HI and 50HI groups than in the NI group (P = 0.026 and P = 0,008). BDNF expression levels were significantly lower in the LI, 10HI, and 50HI groups than in the NI group (P < 0.001).ConclusionMaternal iodine intake affects iodine storage in the placenta and lactating mammary gland, which in turn affects thyroid function and BDNF and NSP-A expression in the offspring.
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Batistuzzo A, de Almeida GG, Brás TS, Zucato VP, Arnold AJT, Giannocco G, Sato JM, Yamanouchi LM, Dias E, Lorena FB, do Nascimento BPP, Bianco AC, Ribeiro MO. Multisensory Stimulation Improves Cognition and Behavior in Adult Male Rats Born to LT4-treated Thyroidectomized Dams. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac105. [PMID: 35914267 PMCID: PMC9354969 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gestational hypothyroidism can impair development, cognition, and mood. Here, we tested whether multisensory stimulation (MS) improves the phenotype of rats born to surgically thyroidectomized (Tx) dams suboptimally treated with LT4. 8-week-old female Tx Wistar rats were kept on daily LT4 (0.7 µg/100 g body weight) dosed by gavage (serum TSH and T4 levels indicated moderate hypothyroidism) and 3 weeks later placed for breeding. MS of the litter started at age 60 days and lasted for 8 weeks. It consisted of twice per week of physical, cognitive, sensorial, and food stimuli. The offspring were assessed before and after MS for standardized tests of locomotor activity, cognition, and mood. Gestational hypothyroidism resulted in reduced litter size and increased offspring mortality. The pups exhibited delayed physical development, impairment of short- and long-term memory, and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Nonetheless, ambulatory activity, social memory, and social preference were not affected by gestational hypothyroidism. MS restored short-term memory and anxiety while improving depressive like-behaviors. MS did not improve long-term memory. MS also did not modify the performance of control litter born to intact dams. We conclude that cognition and mood impairments caused by moderate gestational hypothyroidism were reversed or minimized in rats through MS. Further studies should define the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Batistuzzo
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G de Almeida
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Tayna S Brás
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Victoria P Zucato
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Alexandre J T Arnold
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Departamento de Medicina, Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, e Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, SP 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Sato
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Laís M Yamanouchi
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Dias
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B Lorena
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Bruna P P do Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo SP 01302-907, Brazil
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Kim K, Argos M, Persky VW, Freels S, Sargis RM, Turyk ME. Associations of exposure to metal and metal mixtures with thyroid hormones: Results from the NHANES 2007-2012. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113413. [PMID: 35537494 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted thyroid homeostasis plays a role in neurocognitive dysfunction and metabolic disorders. Since individuals are exposed to multiple metals simultaneously, it is important to assess the effects of metal mixtures on thyroid hormone status. This study aimed to investigate the associations of metal mixtures and individual metals with thyroid hormone levels. METHODS Data included 2399 men and 1988 women from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2012). Thyroid hormones measured included total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), free forms of T3 (FT3) and T4 (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). We included twelve metals (arsenic, barium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, antimony, thallium, tungsten, and uranium from urine; cadmium, lead, and mercury from blood) in traditional linear regression models controlling for 12 metals simultaneously and in quantile-based g-computation (QGC) to assess the relative contribution of each metal as well as the overall association with thyroid hormones as a metal mixture. RESULTS There were associations of the total metal mixture with thyroid hormones for T3 (beta: -0.023, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.01, in women), T4 (beta: -0.03, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.01, in men; beta: -0.026, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.01, in women), and the T3:T4 ratio (beta: 0.026, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05, in men). Arsenic had negative contributions to T3 and T4. Cadmium had a positive contribution to T4 but negative contributions to T3 and T3:T4. Lead had a positive contribution to T3 and T3:T4, but a negative contribution to T4. CONCLUSION Multiple metals as a mixture were associated with thyroid hormone levels. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead were individually associated with multiple thyroid hormones. Examination of associations of metal mixtures and individual metals with thyroid hormones can contribute to an understanding of thyroid hormone homeostasis and provide evidence for developing intervention and guidance for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeezu Kim
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Maria Argos
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Chicago Center for Health and Environment (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Victoria W Persky
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Chicago Center for Health and Environment (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sally Freels
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Chicago Center for Health and Environment (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mary E Turyk
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Chicago Center for Health and Environment (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Kong L, Wu X, Cheng Y, Liu S, Liu K, Li C. The prediction effects of thyroid function in the severity of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5017-5028. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
In this systematic review, we highlight the differences between the male and female zebrafish brains to understand their differentiation and their use in studying sex-specific neurological diseases. Male and female brains display subtle differences at the cellular level which may be important in driving sex-specific signaling. Sex differences in the brain have been observed in humans as well as in non-human species. However, the molecular mechanisms of brain sex differentiation remain unclear. The classical model of brain sex differentiation suggests that the steroid hormones derived from the gonads are the primary determinants in establishing male and female neural networks. Recent studies indicate that the developing brain shows sex-specific differences in gene expression prior to gonadal hormone action. Hence, genetic differences may also be responsible for differentiating the brain into male and female types. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in brain sex differentiation could help further elucidate the sex-specific incidences of certain neurological diseases. The zebrafish model could be appropriate for enhancing our understanding of brain sex differentiation and the signaling involved in neurological diseases. Zebrafish brains show sex-specific differences at the hormonal level, and recent advances in RNA sequencing have highlighted critical sex-specific differences at the transcript level. The differences are also evident at the cellular and metabolite levels, which could be important in organizing sex-specific neuronal signaling. Furthermore, in addition to having one ortholog for 70% of the human gene, zebrafish also shares brain structural similarities with other higher eukaryotes, including mammals. Hence, deciphering brain sex differentiation in zebrafish will help further enhance the diagnostic and pharmacological intervention of neurological diseases.
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Guarnotta V, Amodei R, Frasca F, Aversa A, Giordano C. Impact of Chemical Endocrine Disruptors and Hormone Modulators on the Endocrine System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105710. [PMID: 35628520 PMCID: PMC9145289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern regarding the health and safety issues of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Long-term exposure to EDCs has alarming adverse health effects through both hormone-direct and hormone-indirect pathways. Non-chemical agents, including physical agents such as artificial light, radiation, temperature, and stress exposure, are currently poorly investigated, even though they can seriously affect the endocrine system, by modulation of hormonal action. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the interference of EDCs with hormonal activity. However, difficulty in quantifying the exposure, low standardization of studies, and the presence of confounding factors do not allow the establishment of a causal relationship between endocrine disorders and exposure to specific toxic agents. In this review, we focus on recent findings on the effects of EDCs and hormone system modulators on the endocrine system, including the thyroid, parathyroid glands, adrenal steroidogenesis, beta-cell function, and male and female reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guarnotta
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), Section of Endocrinology, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberta Amodei
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), Section of Endocrinology, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), Section of Endocrinology, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.G.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0916552110
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Andersson M, Braegger CP. The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:469-506. [PMID: 35552681 PMCID: PMC9113141 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is a micronutrient needed for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency or excess may alter the thyroid hormone synthesis. The potential effects on infant development depend on the degree, timing, and duration of exposure. The iodine requirement is particularly high during infancy because of elevated thyroid hormone turnover. Breastfed infants rely on iodine provided by human milk, but the iodine concentration in breast milk is determined by the maternal iodine intake. Diets in many countries cannot provide sufficient iodine, and deficiency is prevented by iodine fortification of salt. However, the coverage of iodized salt varies between countries. Epidemiological data suggest large differences in the iodine intake in lactating women, infants, and toddlers worldwide, ranging from deficient to excessive intake. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent advances in the understanding of iodine nutrition and its association with thyroid function in lactating women, infants, and toddlers. We discuss risk factors for iodine malnutrition and the impact of targeted intervention strategies on these vulnerable population groups. We highlight the importance of appropriate definitions of optimal iodine nutrition and the need for more data assessing the risk of mild iodine deficiency for thyroid disorders during the first 2 years in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andersson
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian P Braegger
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Abstract
Thyroid diseases in children and adolescents include acquired or congenital conditions, including genetic disorders either isolated or part of a syndrome. Briefly, we will review the physiology and pathophysiology of the thyroid gland and its disorders. The aim of this chapter is to describe genetic abnormalities of the thyroid gland.
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29
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Di Cosmo C, De Marco G, Agretti P, Ferrarini E, Dimida A, Falcetta P, Benvenga S, Vitti P, Tonacchera M. Screening for drugs potentially interfering with MCT8-mediated T 3 transport in vitro identifies dexamethasone and some commonly used drugs as inhibitors of MCT8 activity. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:803-814. [PMID: 34850364 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is the first thyroid hormone transporter that has been linked to a human disease. Besides genetic alterations other factors might impair MCT8 activity. AIM This study aimed at investigating whether some common drugs having a structural similarity with TH and/or whose treatment is associated with thyroid function test abnormalities, or which behave as antagonists of TH action can inhibit MCT8-mediated T3 transport. METHODS [125I]T3 uptake and efflux were measured in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with hMCT8 before and after exposure to increasing concentrations of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone, prednisolone, amiodarone, desethylamiodarone, dronedarone, buspirone, carbamazepine, valproic acid, and L-carnitine. The mode of inhibition was also determined. RESULTS Dexamethasone significantly inhibited T3 uptake at 10 μM; hydrocortisone reduced T3 uptake only at high concentrations, i.e. at 500 and 1000 μM; prednisone and prednisolone were devoid of inhibitory potential. Amiodarone caused a reduction of T3 uptake by MCT8 only at the highest concentrations used (44% at 50 μM and 68% at 100 μM), and this effect was weaker than that produced by desethylamiodarone and dronedarone; buspirone resulted a potent inhibitor, reducing T3 uptake at 0.1-10 μM. L-Carnitine inhibited T3 uptake only at 500 mM and 1 M. Kinetic experiments revealed a noncompetitive mode of inhibition for all compounds. All drugs inhibiting T3 uptake did not affect T3 release. CONCLUSION This study shows a novel effect of some common drugs, which is inhibition of T3 transport mediated by MCT8. Specifically, dexamethasone, buspirone, desethylamiodarone, and dronedarone behave as potent inhibitors of MCT8.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Di Cosmo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - G De Marco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Agretti
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Ferrarini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Dimida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Falcetta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - P Vitti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Tonacchera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Pisa, via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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How to Differentiate General Toxicity-Related Endocrine Effects from Endocrine Disruption: Systematic Review of Carbon Disulfide Data. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063153. [PMID: 35328575 PMCID: PMC8952789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the assessment of the endocrine disrupting (ED) properties of carbon disulfide (CS2), following the methodology used at the European level to identify endocrine disruptors. Relevant in vitro, in vivo studies and human data are analyzed. The assessment presented here focuses on one endocrine activity, i.e., thyroid disruption, and two main adverse effects, neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The data available on the different ED or non-ED modes of action (MoA), known to trigger these adverse effects, are described and the strength of evidence of the different MoA is weighted. We conclude that the adverse effects could be due to systemic toxicity rather than endocrine-mediated toxicity. This assessment illustrates the scientific and regulatory challenges in differentiating a specific endocrine disruption from an indirect endocrine effect resulting from a non-ED mediated systemic toxicity. This issue of evaluating the ED properties of highly toxic and reactive substances has been insufficiently developed by European guidance so far and needs to be further addressed. Finally, this example also raises questions about the capacity of the technics available in toxicology to address such a complex issue with certainty.
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31
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Nicksic VB, Allen DB, Baker MW, Eickhoff JC, Kaluarachchi DC. Lack of association between gestational age adjusted TSH percentiles and neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm infants. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2022; 15:243-247. [PMID: 35311715 DOI: 10.3233/npm-210910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists on whether subclinical hypothyroidism suggested by mildly elevated TSH levels affect neurodevelopment and growth in preterm infants. The objective of this study was to determine the association between gestational age adjusted TSH percentiles and neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm infants. METHODS Univariate linear regression analysis was conducted to determine, in infants born less than thirty-two weeks gestational age, the correlation between the TSH percentile on the last newborn screen and neurodevelopmental assessment scores and growth outcomes at eighteen to twenty-two months of corrected age. RESULTS Seventy-four patients were enrolled in the study with a mean gestational age of 28.8 weeks. There was no correlation between the last TSH percentile value and Bayley-III cognitive composite score or other neurodevelopmental or growth outcomes. CONCLUSION In a cohort of preterm infants, higher TSH percentiles suggesting potential subclinical hypothyroidism did not predict any adverse effect on neurodevelopmental or growth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Nicksic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D B Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M W Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J C Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D C Kaluarachchi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Prediction of the Neurotoxic Potential of Chemicals Based on Modelling of Molecular Initiating Events Upstream of the Adverse Outcome Pathways of (Developmental) Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063053. [PMID: 35328472 PMCID: PMC8954925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental and adult/ageing neurotoxicity is an area needing alternative methods for chemical risk assessment. The formulation of a strategy to screen large numbers of chemicals is highly relevant due to potential exposure to compounds that may have long-term adverse health consequences on the nervous system, leading to neurodegeneration. Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) provide information on relevant molecular initiating events (MIEs) and key events (KEs) that could inform the development of computational alternatives for these complex effects. We propose a screening method integrating multiple Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) models. The MIEs of existing AOP networks of developmental and adult/ageing neurotoxicity were modelled to predict neurotoxicity. Random Forests were used to model each MIE. Predictions returned by single models were integrated and evaluated for their capability to predict neurotoxicity. Specifically, MIE predictions were used within various types of classifiers and compared with other reference standards (chemical descriptors and structural fingerprints) to benchmark their predictive capability. Overall, classifiers based on MIE predictions returned predictive performances comparable to those based on chemical descriptors and structural fingerprints. The integrated computational approach described here will be beneficial for large-scale screening and prioritisation of chemicals as a function of their potential to cause long-term neurotoxic effects.
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Crépet A, Vasseur P, Jean J, Badot PM, Nesslany F, Vernoux JP, Feidt C, Mhaouty-Kodja S. Integrating Selection and Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures: A Novel Approach Applied to a Breast Milk Survey. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:35001. [PMID: 35238606 PMCID: PMC8893236 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main challenges of modern risk assessment is to account for combined exposure to the multitude of various substances present in food and the environment. OBJECTIVE The present work proposes a methodological approach to perform chemical risk assessment of contaminant mixtures across regulatory silos regarding an extensive range of substances and to do so when comprehensive relevant data concerning the specific effects and modes of action of the mixture components are not available. METHODS We developed a complete step-by-step approach using statistical methods to prioritize substances involved in combined exposure, and we used a component-based approach to cumulate the risk using dose additivity. The most relevant toxicological end point and the associated reference point were selected from the literature to construct a toxicological threshold for each substance. DISCUSSION By applying the proposed method to contaminants in breast milk, we observed that among the 19 substances comprising the selected mixture, ∑DDT, ∑PCBi, and arsenic were main joint contributors to the risk of neurodevelopmental and thyroid effects for infants. In addition, ∑PCCD/F contributed to the thyroid effect and ∑aldrin-dieldrin to the neurodevelopmental effect. Our case study on contaminants in breast milk demonstrated the importance of crossing regulatory silos when studying mixtures and the importance of identifying risk drivers to regulate the risk related to environmental contamination. Applying this method to another set of data, such as human biomonitoring or in ecotoxicology, will reinforce its relevance for risk assessment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8262.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Crépet
- Methodology and Studies Unit, Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Paule Vasseur
- Université de Lorraine, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Metz, France
| | - Julien Jean
- Methodology and Studies Unit, Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Badot
- Chrono-Environment Department, Franche-Comté University, CNRS, Besançon, France
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPacts de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Vernoux
- Université de Caen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements, EA4651, Caen, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Nancy, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
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Qiao D, Liu H, Zhang X, Lei L, Sun N, Yang C, Li G, Guo M, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Liu Z. Exploring the potential of thyroid hormones to predict clinical improvements in depressive patients: A machine learning analysis of the real-world based study. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:159-165. [PMID: 34856305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although undergoing antidepressant treatments, many patients continue to struggle with chronic depression episode. Seeking the potential biomarkers and establishing a predictive model of clinical improvements is vital to optimize personalized management of depression. Mounting evidence showed thyroid hormones changes are central to leading paradigms of depression. METHODS Here, we conducted a real-world based retrospective study using clinical and biochemical data of 2086 depressive inpatients during period of 2014-2020. We first performed regression analyses to evaluate the contributing effect of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in predicting the clinical outcomes of depression. Then we established 7 predictive models using different combination of such hormones by supervised learning methods and tested the actual prediction efficacy on clinical outcomes, in order to select the one with the best predictive power. RESULTS The results showed that lower values of FT3 and FT4 can both predict a poor clinical outcome in depression. Further, a model with the best performance was selected (sensitivity=0.91, specificity=0.79, and ROC-AUC=0.86), including the values of FT3 and FT4, and the scores of Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) as features. LIMITATIONS The predictive model requires further external validation, and multi-center researches to confirm its clinical applicability. CONCLUSIONS Our findings present a crucial role of thyroid measurements in predicting clinical outcomes of depression. Assessment of thyroid hormone should be extended to routine practice settings to determine which patients should be most in need of earlier or intensive interventions for preventing continued dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiao
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huishan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Gaizhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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Carvalho DP, Dias AF, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Gaps in the knowledge of thyroid hormones and placental biology. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1033-1048. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are required for the growth and development of the foetus, stimulating anabolism and oxygen consumption from the early stages of pregnancy to the period of foetal differentiation close to delivery. Maternal changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary thyroid axis are also well known. In contrast, several open questions remain regarding the relationships between the placenta and the maternal and foetal TH systems. The exact mechanism by which the placenta participates in regulating the TH concentration in the foetus and mother and the role of TH in the placenta are still poorly studied. In this review, we aim to summarize the available data in the area and highlight significant gaps in our understanding of the ontogeny and cell-specific localization of TH transporters, TH receptors and TH metabolic enzymes in the placenta in both human and rodent models. Significant deficiencies also exist in knowledge of the contribution of genomic and nongenomic effects of TH on the placenta and finally how the placenta reacts during pregnancy when the mother has thyroid disease. By addressing these key knowledge gaps, improved pregnancy outcomes and management of women with thyroid alterations may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pereira Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariane Fontes Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gaouaoui-Azouaou H, L'Homme B, Benadjaoud MA, Sache-Aloui A, Granger R, Voyer F, Lestaevel P, Gruel G, Caire-Maurisier F, Crambes C, Dare-Doyen S, Benderitter M, Souidi M. Protection and safety of a repeated dosage of KI for iodine thyroid blocking during pregnancy. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:011512. [PMID: 34700314 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In case of nuclear power plant accidents resulting in the release of radioactive iodine (131I) in large amounts, a single intake of stable iodine is recommended in order to prevent131I fixation to the thyroid gland. However, in situations of prolonged exposure to131I (e.g. Fukushima-Daiichi natural and nuclear disaster), repetitive administration of iodine may be necessary to ensure adequate protection, with acceptable safety in vulnerable populations including pregnant women. Here we conducted toxicological studies on adult rats progeny following prolonged exposure to potassium iodide (KI)in utero. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with 1 mg kg d-1KI or saline water for 2 or 4 d either between gestation days gestational day (GD) GD 9-12, or GD13-16. Plasma samples from the progeny were tested 30 d post-weaning for clinical biochemistry, thyroid hormones, and anti-thyroid antibody levels. Thyroid and brain were collected for gene expression analysis. The hormonal status was similar for the mothers in all experimental conditions. In the offspring, while thyroid-stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody levels were similar in all groups, a significant increase of FT3 and FT4 levels was observed in GD9-GD10 and in GD13-GD14 animals treated for 2 d, respectively. In addition, FT4 levels were mildly decreased in 4 d treated GD13-16 individuals. Moreover, a significant decrease in the expression level of thyroid genes involved in iodide metabolism, TPO and apical iodide transporter, was observed in GD13-GD14 animals treated for 2 d. We conclude that repeated KI administration for 2-4 d during gestation did not induce strong thyroid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Gaouaoui-Azouaou
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bruno L'Homme
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Amandine Sache-Aloui
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Romain Granger
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frederic Voyer
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gaëtan Gruel
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - François Caire-Maurisier
- Pharmacie Centrale des Armées, Direction des Approvisionnement en produits de santé des armées, 45404 Fleury-les Aubrais, France
| | - Caroline Crambes
- Pharmacie Centrale des Armées, Direction des Approvisionnement en produits de santé des armées, 45404 Fleury-les Aubrais, France
| | - Stephanie Dare-Doyen
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Thambirajah AA, Wade MG, Verreault J, Buisine N, Alves VA, Langlois VS, Helbing CC. Disruption by stealth - Interference of endocrine disrupting chemicals on hormonal crosstalk with thyroid axis function in humans and other animals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111906. [PMID: 34418447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of growth, development, and homeostasis of all vertebrates. There are many environmental contaminants that are known to disrupt TH action, yet their mechanisms are only partially understood. While the effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are mostly studied as "hormone system silos", the present critical review highlights the complexity of EDCs interfering with TH function through their interactions with other hormonal axes involved in reproduction, stress, and energy metabolism. The impact of EDCs on components that are shared between hormone signaling pathways or intersect between pathways can thus extend beyond the molecular ramifications to cellular, physiological, behavioral, and whole-body consequences for exposed organisms. The comparatively more extensive studies conducted in mammalian models provides encouraging support for expanded investigation and highlight the paucity of data generated in other non-mammalian vertebrate classes. As greater genomics-based resources become available across vertebrate classes, better identification and delineation of EDC effects, modes of action, and identification of effective biomarkers suitable for HPT disruption is possible. EDC-derived effects are likely to cascade into a plurality of physiological effects far more complex than the few variables tested within any research studies. The field should move towards understanding a system of hormonal systems' interactions rather than maintaining hormone system silos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita A Thambirajah
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de Recherche en Toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR7221 Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Verônica A Alves
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Caren C Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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Kumar M, Singh S, Rana P, Kumar P, Sekhri T, Kanwar R, D'Souza M, Khushu S. Neurometabolite Changes in Hyperthyroid Patients Before and After Antithyroid Treatment: An in vivo 1H MRS Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:739917. [PMID: 34899214 PMCID: PMC8662363 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.739917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Patients with hyperthyroidism have frequent neuropsychiatric symptoms such as lack of attention, concentration, poor memory, impaired executive functions, depression, and anxiety. These neurocognitive impairments such as memory, attention, and executive functions appear to be associated with dysfunction in brain regions. This study was conducted to investigate the metabolic changes in the brain subcortical regions, i.e., posterior parietal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after antithyroid treatment using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Materials and Methods: We collected neuropsychological and 1H MRS data from posterior parietal cortex and DLPFC, in both control (N = 30) and hyperthyroid (N = 30) patients. In addition, follow-up data were available for 19 patients treated with carbimazole for 30 weeks. The relative ratios of the neurometabolites were calculated using the Linear Combination Model (LCModel). Analysis of co-variance using Bonferroni correction was performed between healthy controls and hyperthyroid patients, and a paired t-test was applied in patients at baseline and follow-up. Spearman's rank-order correlation was used to analyze bivariate associations between thyroid hormone levels and metabolite ratios, and the partial correlation analysis was performed between neuropsychological scores and metabolite ratios, with age and sex as covariates, in the patients before and after treatment. Results: Our results revealed a significant decrease in choline/creatine [glycerophosphocholine (GPC) + phosphocholine (PCh)/creatine (tCr)] in both the posterior parietal cortex and DLPFC in hyperthyroid patients, and these changes were reversible after antithyroid treatment. The posterior parietal cortex also showed significantly reduced glutamate/creatine (Glu/tCr), (glutamate + glutamine)/creatine (Glx/tCr), and increased glutathione/creatine (GSH/tCr) ratios in the hyperthyroid patients over control subjects. In DLPFC, only (N-acetyl aspartate + N-acetyl aspartyl-glutamate)/creatine (NAA + NAAG)/tCr was increased in the hyperthyroid patients. After antithyroid treatment, (GPC + PCh)/tCr increased, and Glx/tCr decreased in both brain regions in the patients at follow-up. Gln/tCr in the posterior parietal cortex was decreased in patients at follow-up. Interestingly, (GPC + PCh)/tCr in DLPFC showed a significantly inverse correlation with free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) in hyperthyroid patients at baseline, whereas NAA/tCr showed positive correlations with fT3 and free thyroxine (fT4) in hyperthyroid patients before and after antithyroid treatment, in the posterior parietal cortex. In DLPFC, only (NAA + NAAG)/tCr showed positive correlations with fT3 and fT4 in the patients before treatment. Conclusion: The overall findings suggest that all the brain metabolite changes were not completely reversed in the hyperthyroid patients after antithyroid treatment, even after achieving euthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- NMR Research Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sadhana Singh
- NMR Research Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), New Delhi, India.,Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition (CABHN), The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Poonam Rana
- NMR Research Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- NMR Research Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), New Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Sekhri
- Thyroid Research Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ratnesh Kanwar
- Thyroid Research Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), New Delhi, India
| | - Maria D'Souza
- NMR Research Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), New Delhi, India
| | - Subash Khushu
- NMR Research Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), New Delhi, India.,Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition (CABHN), The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bengaluru, India
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Harari-Kremer R, Calderon-Margalit R, Korevaar TIM, Nevo D, Broday D, Kloog I, Grotto I, Karakis I, Shtein A, Haim A, Raz R. Associations Between Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution and Congenital Hypothyroidism. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:2630-2638. [PMID: 34180983 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate thyroid hormone availability is required for normal brain development. Studies have found associations between prenatal exposure to air pollutants and thyroid hormones in pregnant women and newborns. We aimed to examine associations of trimester-specific residential exposure to common air pollutants with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT). All term infants born in Israel during 2009-2015 were eligible for inclusion. We used data on CHT from the national neonatal screening lab of Israel, and exposure data from spatiotemporal air pollution models. We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate associations of exposures with CHT, adjusting for ethnicity, socioeconomic status, geographical area, conception season, conception year, gestational age, birth weight, and child sex. To assess residual confounding, we used postnatal exposures to the same pollutants as negative controls. The study population included 696,461 neonates. We found a positive association between third-trimester nitrogen oxide exposure and CHT (per interquartile-range change, odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 1.41) and a similar association for nitrogen dioxide. There was no evidence of residual confounding or bias by correlation among exposure periods for these associations.
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Northcutt KV, Leal-Medina TS, Yoon YS. Early postnatal hypothyroidism reduces juvenile play behavior, but prenatal hypothyroidism compensates for these effects. Physiol Behav 2021; 241:113594. [PMID: 34536436 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypothyroidism causes long-lasting effects on behavior, including hyperactivity, cognitive delays/deficits, and a reduction in anxiety. Although there is some evidence that hypothyroidism during fetal development in humans has been associated with later autism spectrum disorder diagnosis or autism-like traits, the relationships between early thyroid hormones and social behaviors are largely unknown. Previously, we found that a moderate dose of the hypothyroid-inducing drug methimazole during embryonic and postnatal development dramatically increased juvenile play in male and female rats. The goal of the current study was to determine the extent to which thyroid hormones act in prenatal or postnatal development to organize later social behaviors. Subjects were exposed to methimazole in the drinking water during prenatal (embryonic day 12 to birth), postnatal (birth to postnatal day 23), or pre- and postnatal development; control animals received regular drinking water throughout the experiment. They were tested for play behavior as juveniles (P30-32). We found an interaction between pre- and postnatal methimazole administration such that postnatal hypothyroidism decreased some play behaviors, whereas sustained pre- and postnatal hypothyroidism restored play to control levels. The effects were similar in males and females. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an interaction between pre- and postnatal hypothyroidism on later behavior. The complexity of the timing of these effects may help explain why epidemiological studies have not consistently found a relationship between gestational hypothyroidism and later behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine V Northcutt
- Biology Department and Neuroscience Program, Mercer University, 1501 Mercer University Dr., Macon, GA 31207, USA.
| | - Tanya S Leal-Medina
- Biology Department and Neuroscience Program, Mercer University, 1501 Mercer University Dr., Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Ye S Yoon
- Biology Department and Neuroscience Program, Mercer University, 1501 Mercer University Dr., Macon, GA 31207, USA
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Günbey C, Özön A, Gönç EN, Alikaşifoğlu A, Karahan S, Kandemir N. Basal Serum Thyroxine Level should Guide Initial Thyroxine Replacement Dose in Neonates with Congenital Hypothyroidism. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2021; 13:269-275. [PMID: 33374096 PMCID: PMC8388053 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2020.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Initial high-dose sodium levothyroxine (Na-LT4) (10-15 μg/kg/day) replacement for primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is recommended in guidelines. However, high-dose Na-LT4 risks iatrogenic hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to investigate the normalizing effect of varying initial doses of Na-LT4 on serum thyroid hormone levels. METHODS Fifty-two patients were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were classified into mild (27/51.9%), moderate (11/21.1%) and severe (14/26.9%) CH, based on initial free thyroxine (fT4) levels. Time taken to achieve target hormone levels was compared within groups. RESULTS Initial mean Na-LT4 doses for mild, moderate and severe disease were 6.9±3.3, 9.4±2.2 and 10.2±2 μg/kg/day. Serum fT4 levels reached the upper half of normal range (>1.32 ng/dL) in a median of 16, 13 and 16 days in patients with mild, moderate and severe CH with the mean time from initial treatment to first control visit of 14.8±6 days (range 1-36). There was no significant difference in terms of time to achieve target fT4 hormone levels according to disease severity (p=0.478). Seven (25.9%), eight (72.7%) and eight (57.1%) patients experienced hyperthyroxinemia (serum fT4 >1.94 ng/dL) in the mild, moderate, and severe CH groups at the first visit, respectively (p=0.016). CONCLUSION Not all patients diagnosed with CH require high-dose Na-LT4. Initial dose of Na-LT4 may be selected on the basis of pre-treatment thyroid hormone levels. Some patients with moderate and severe CH, experienced iatrogenic hyperthyroxinemia even though the dose was close to the lower limit of the recommended range in guidelines. We suggest that lower initial doses may be appropriate with closer follow-up within the first week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Günbey
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 305 11 85 E-mail:
| | - Alev Özön
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E. Nazlı Gönç
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Alikaşifoğlu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Karahan
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurgün Kandemir
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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Araújo D, Carrillo B, Sampaio B. The Long-Run Economic Consequences of Iodine Supplementation. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 79:102490. [PMID: 34247127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present evidence on the impacts of a large-scale iodine supplementation program in Tanzania on individuals' long-term economic outcomes. Exploiting the timing and location of the intervention, we document that in utero exposure to the program increased completed years of education and income scores in adulthood. We find no increase in total employment, but a significant change in the occupational structure. Cohorts exposed to the program are less likely to work in agricultural self-employment and more likely to hold skilled jobs that typically demand higher levels of education. Together, these results demonstrate that iodine deficiency can have long-run implications for occupational choices and labor market incomes in low-income regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Araújo
- Department of Economics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, AV. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitaria, Recife - PE, 50670-420 Brazil.
| | - Bladimir Carrillo
- Department of Economics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, AV. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitaria, Recife - PE, 50670-420 Brazil.
| | - Breno Sampaio
- Department of Economics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, AV. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitaria, Recife - PE, 50670-420 Brazil.
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Gilbert ME, O'Shaughnessy KL, Thomas SE, Riutta C, Wood CR, Smith A, Oshiro WO, Ford RL, Hotchkiss MG, Hassan I, Ford JL. Thyroid Disruptors: Extrathyroidal Sites of Chemical Action and Neurodevelopmental Outcome-An Examination Using Triclosan and Perfluorohexane Sulfonate. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:195-213. [PMID: 34460931 PMCID: PMC9038230 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many xenobiotics are identified as potential thyroid disruptors due to their action to reduce circulating levels of thyroid hormone, most notably thyroxine (T4). Developmental neurotoxicity is a primary concern for thyroid disrupting chemicals yet correlating the impact of chemically induced changes in serum T4 to perturbed brain development remains elusive. A number of thyroid-specific neurodevelopmental assays have been proposed, based largely on the model thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor propylthiouracil (PTU). This study examined whether thyroid disrupting chemicals acting distinct from synthesis inhibition would result in the same alterations in brain as expected with PTU. The perfluoroalkyl substance perfluorohexane sulfonate (50 mg/kg/day) and the antimicrobial Triclosan (300 mg/kg/day) were administered to pregnant rats from gestational day 6 to postnatal day (PN) 21, and a number of PTU-defined assays for neurotoxicity evaluated. Both chemicals reduced serum T4 but did not increase thyroid stimulating hormone. Both chemicals increased expression of hepatic metabolism genes, while thyroid hormone-responsive genes in the liver, thyroid gland, and brain were largely unchanged. Brain tissue T4 was reduced in newborns, but despite persistent T4 reductions in serum, had recovered in the PN6 pup brain. Neither treatment resulted in a low dose PTU-like phenotype in either brain morphology or neurobehavior, raising questions for the interpretation of serum biomarkers in regulatory toxicology. They further suggest that reliance on serum hormones as prescriptive of specific neurodevelopmental outcomes may be too simplistic and to understand thyroid-mediated neurotoxicity we must expand our thinking beyond that which follows thyroid hormone synthesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Gilbert
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Katherine L O'Shaughnessy
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Susan E Thomas
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, Tennesse 37830, USA
| | - Cal Riutta
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, Tennesse 37830, USA
| | - Carmen R Wood
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Alicia Smith
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, Tennesse 37830, USA
| | - Wendy O Oshiro
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Richard L Ford
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, Tennesse 37830, USA
| | - Michelle Gatien Hotchkiss
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Iman Hassan
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Jermaine L Ford
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Zoeller RT. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and thyroid hormone action. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:401-417. [PMID: 34452692 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (predominantly thyroxine, T4, and triiodothyronine, T3) are essential for normal development and for adult physiology. There are several challenges, however, that make identifying chemicals that produce adverse effects by interfering with the thyroid system difficult. First, individual variability in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones represent only about 10% of the population reference range that is considered to be "normal." This means that populations studies evaluating the relationship between chemical exposure and serum thyroid hormones must be large enough to overcome this internal variance. In addition, we know that there are chemicals that do not produce changes in thyroid hormone levels, but nevertheless impact thyroid signaling in target tissues. A good example is that of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCB exposure during development are clearly associated with cognitive deficits in humans. But PCB exposure isn't uniformly associated with a reduction in serum thyroid hormone in human populations despite mechanistic studies showing that PCBs reduce serum T4 in animals. In contrast, perchlorate is a chemical that inhibits iodide uptake, thereby reducing thyroid hormone synthesis and serum hormone levels. Human studies have been variable in identifying a relationship between thyroid hormone and perchlorate exposure, but studies also show that dietary iodine, cigarette smoking and other factors can modify this relationship. The conclusion is that identifying chemicals that interfere with thyroid hormone could depend on in vitro analysis of chemicals that interact with different proteins important for thyroid hormone to function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomas Zoeller
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States; School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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Habib A, Shojazadeh A, Molayemat M, Habib A, Jeddi M, Arabsolghar R, Nahas M, Rahimi N, Ardekani FM. Prevalence and predictive factors of transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism in Fars province, Iran. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:264. [PMID: 34090374 PMCID: PMC8178910 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is no data on the number as well as the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in the Fars province. Hence, we designed this study to analyze the latest data and the possible predictive factors on transient and permanent CH in this province. METHOD This cross sectional study is based on the Fars province screening data from 2013 to 2016. A total of 294,214 newborns were screened with 938 confirmed cases of CH, which were included in this study. After recall and completion of the missing data, follow-up data for 642 CH cases with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and levothyroxine doses for ten outpatient visits and final transient vs. permanent CH diagnosis were included. RESULTS The incidence rate was 1:313.66, and out of the 642 CH cases, 66.04 % had permanent CH, while 33.96 % had transient CH. TSH level trend during the outpatient visits were not statistically different between the two groups (P = 0.312). A cutoff point of > 2.25 levothyroxine µg/kg (sensitivity: 76.11 %, specificity: 58.52 %) at the third year and a TSH concentration of > 43.35 mIU/L at the venous sampling (initial TSH) (sensitivity: 31.66 %, specificity: 90.32 %) were the predictive factors for permanent CH. CONCLUSION Fars province has one of the highest incidence rate of CH in Iran. Levothyroxine dose at the 3rd year and the 1st venous TSH sample are the predictive factors for permanent CH in the Iranian population; however, TSH concentrations during follow ups are unreliable predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Habib
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Asadollah Habib
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Marjan Jeddi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 71345-1414, Namazee Square, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Rita Arabsolghar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Nahas
- Deputy of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nazila Rahimi
- Deputy of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fariba Moradi Ardekani
- Non Communicable Disease Group, Office of Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Young AE, Kemp JF, Uhlson C, Westcott JL, Ali SA, Saleem S, Garcès A, Figueroa L, Somannavar MS, Goudar SS, Hambidge KM, Hendricks AE, Krebs NF. Improved first trimester maternal iodine status with preconception supplementation: The Women First Trial. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2021; 17:e13204. [PMID: 34036728 PMCID: PMC8476419 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal iodine (I) status is critical in embryonic and foetal development. We examined the effect of preconception iodine supplementation on maternal iodine status and on birth outcomes. Non‐pregnant women in Guatemala, India and Pakistan (n ~ 100 per arm per site) were randomized ≥ 3 months prior to conception to one of three intervention arms: a multimicronutrient‐fortified lipid‐based nutrient supplement containing 250‐μg I per day started immediately after randomization (Arm 1), the same supplement started at ~12 weeks gestation (Arm 2) and no intervention supplement (Arm 3). Urinary I (μg/L) to creatinine (mg/dl) ratios (I/Cr) were determined at 12 weeks for Arm 1 versus Arm 2 (before supplement started) and 34 weeks for all arms. Generalized linear models were used to assess the relationship of I/Cr with arm and with newborn anthropometry. At 12 weeks gestation, adjusted mean I/Cr (μg/g) for all sites combined was significantly higher for Arm 1 versus Arm 2: (203 [95% CI: 189, 217] vs. 163 [95% CI: 152, 175], p < 0.0001). Overall adjusted prevalence of I/Cr < 150 μg/g was also lower in Arm 1 versus Arm 2: 32% (95% CI: 26%, 38%) versus 43% (95% CI: 37%, 49%) (p = 0.0052). At 34 weeks, adjusted mean I/Cr for Arm 1 (235, 95% CI: 220, 252) and Arm 2 (254, 95% CI: 238, 272) did not differ significantly but were significantly higher than Arm 3 (200, 95% CI: 184, 218) (p < 0.0001). Nominally significant positive associations were observed between I/Cr at 12 weeks and birth length and head circumference z‐scores (p = 0.028 and p = 0.005, respectively). These findings support the importance of first trimester iodine status and suggest need for preconception supplementation beyond salt iodization alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer F Kemp
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Charis Uhlson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jamie L Westcott
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sumera A Ali
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Saleem
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ana Garcès
- Maternal Infant Health Center, Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Lester Figueroa
- Maternal Infant Health Center, Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Manjunath S Somannavar
- Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research's JN Medical College, Belagavi, India
| | - Shivaprasad S Goudar
- Women's and Children's Health Research Unit, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research's JN Medical College, Belagavi, India
| | - K Michael Hambidge
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Audrey E Hendricks
- Department of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Perinatal Exposure to Phthalates: From Endocrine to Neurodevelopment Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084063. [PMID: 33920043 PMCID: PMC8070995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates, as other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), may alter the homeostasis and the action of hormones and signaling molecules, causing adverse health outcomes. This is true especially for infants, who are both more exposed and sensitive to their effects. Phthalates are particularly harmful when the exposure occurs during certain critical temporal windows of the development, such as the prenatal and the early postnatal phases. Phthalates may also interfere with the neuroendocrine systems (e.g., thyroid hormone signaling or metabolism), causing disruption of neuronal differentiation and maturation, increasing the risk of behavioral and cognitive disorders (ADHD and autistic behaviors, reduced mental, psychomotor, and IQ development, and emotional problems). Despite more studies being needed to better understand the role of these substances, plenty of evidence suggests the impact of phthalates on the neuroendocrine system development and function. This review aims to update the knowledge on the neuroendocrine consequences of neonatal and perinatal exposure to phthalates.
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Minatoya M, Kishi R. A Review of Recent Studies on Bisphenol A and Phthalate Exposures and Child Neurodevelopment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073585. [PMID: 33808331 PMCID: PMC8036555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review: Bisphenol A and phthalate have been found in the environment, as well as in humans. In this narrative review pre- and postnatal bisphenol A and phthalate exposures, their relationship to neurodevelopment, and the behavioral outcomes of children are elucidated, focusing in particular on the recent case-control, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies. This review also introduces some of the possible mechanisms behind the observed associations between exposures and outcomes. Recent Findings: Although bisphenol A and phthalate exposure have been reported to influence neurobehavioral development in children, there are various kinds of test batteries for child neurodevelopmental assessment at different ages whose findings have been inconsistent among studies. In addition, the timing and number of exposure assessments have varied. Summary: Overall, this review suggests that prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates may contribute to neurobehavioral outcomes in children. The evidence is still limited; however, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, especially among boys, constantly suggested association with both prenatal and concurrent exposure to bisphenol A. Although there is limited evidence on the adverse effects of prenatal and postnatal bisphenol A and phthalate exposures provided, pregnant women and young children should be protected from exposure based on a precautionary approach.
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Butruille L, Vancamp P, Demeneix BA, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone regulation of adult neural stem cell fate: A comparative analysis between rodents and primates. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:133-192. [PMID: 33752817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling, a highly conserved pathway across vertebrates, is crucial for brain development and function throughout life. In the adult mammalian brain, including that of humans, multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate and generate neuronal and glial progenitors. The role of TH has been intensively investigated in the two main neurogenic niches of the adult mouse brain, the subventricular and the subgranular zone. A key finding is that T3, the biologically active form of THs, promotes NSC commitment toward a neuronal fate. In this review, we first discuss the roles of THs in the regulation of adult rodent neurogenesis, as well as how it relates to functional behavior, notably olfaction and cognition. Most research uncovering these roles of TH in adult neurogenesis was conducted in rodents, whose genetic background, brain structure and rate of neurogenesis are considerably different from that of humans. To bridge the phylogenetic gap, we also explore the similarities and divergences of TH-dependent adult neurogenesis in non-human primate models. Lastly, we examine how photoperiodic length changes TH homeostasis, and how that might affect adult neurogenesis in seasonal species to increase fitness. Several aspects by which TH acts on adult NSCs seem to be conserved among mammals, while we only start to uncover the molecular pathways, as well as how other in- and extrinsic factors are intertwined. A multispecies approach delivering more insights in the matter will pave the way for novel NSC-based therapies to combat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Butruille
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
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Naafs JC, Marchal JP, Fliers E, Verkerk PH, Luijten MAJ, Boelen A, van Trotsenburg ASP, Zwaveling-Soonawala N. Cognitive and Motor Outcome in Patients with Early-Detected Central Congenital Hypothyroidism Compared with Siblings. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1231-e1239. [PMID: 33274354 PMCID: PMC7947775 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Early treatment of primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) prevents irreversible brain damage. Contrary to primary CH, outcome studies on central CH are scarce. Most patients with central CH have multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD); these patients are also at risk for neonatal hypoglycemia. OBJECTIVE To assess cognitive and motor outcome in patients with early-treated central CH detected by the Dutch neonatal screening. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, primary outcome full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) was measured in patients with MPHD and patients with isolated central CH born between January 1, 1995, and January 1, 2015, with siblings as controls. Secondary outcomes were intelligence test subscales and motor function. Linear mixed models were used to compare both patient groups and siblings, followed by post hoc tests in case of significant differences. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients (52 MPHD; 35 isolated central CH) and 52 siblings were included. Estimated marginal means for FSIQ were 90.7 (95% CI 86.4-95.0) in patients with MPHD and 98.2 (95% CI 93.0-103.5) in patients with isolated central CH. While patients with MPHD scored lower FSIQs than siblings (mean difference -7.9 points, 95% CI -13.4 to -2.5; P = .002), patients with isolated central CH did not. Processing speed was lower in both patient groups than in siblings (mean differences -10.5 and -10.3 points). Motor difficulties occurred significantly more often in patients (33%) versus siblings (5%; P = .004). CONCLUSION In early-treated central CH, FSIQ is comparable with siblings in patients with isolated central CH, while patients with MPHD have a significantly lower FSIQ. This may be explained by disease-specific consequences of MPHD, such as neonatal hypoglycemia and more severe hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda C Naafs
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: Jolanda C. Naafs, MD, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Pieter Marchal
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Psychosocial Department, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H Verkerk
- TNO, Department of Child Health, CE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel A J Luijten
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Psychosocial Department, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A S Paul van Trotsenburg
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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