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De Vita E, Limongi F, Veronese N, Di Gennaro F, Saracino A, Maggi S. Association between Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels and Vaccine Preventable Diseases: A Systematic Review. Diseases 2024; 12:187. [PMID: 39195186 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12080187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
People with diabetes are at higher risk of serious complications from many vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Some studies have highlighted the potential impact of glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c), but no systematic review has synthesized these findings. Of the 823 identified studies, 3 were included, for a total of 705,349 participants. Regarding the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ), one study found that higher HbA1c levels at the baseline (>10.3%) were associated with a significantly higher risk of HZ of 44%, compared to those with a good HbA1c control (6.7%). On the contrary, the second one reported that when compared to the reference group (HbA1c of 5.0-6.4%), participants with a HbA1c less than 5.0% were at higher risk of HZ of 63%, whilst participants with a HBA1c more than 9.5% had a similar risk. Finally, the third study observed that diabetes, defined using a value of HbA1c more than 7.5%, was associated with an increased risk of mortality in men with COVID-19. In conclusion, both high and low HBA1c levels appear to be associated with a higher risk of HZ. Regarding COVID-19, a value of HbA1c more than 7.5% was associated with a higher risk of death in COVID-19, but only in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda De Vita
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 141, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Gennaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Aging Branch, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 35127 Padua, Italy
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Kim SH, Park SH, Lee H. Machine learning for predicting hepatitis B or C virus infection in diabetic patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21518. [PMID: 38057379 PMCID: PMC10700585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly prevalent hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus (HBV and HCV) infections have been reported among individuals with diabetes. Given the frequently asymptomatic nature of hepatitis and the challenges associated with screening in some vulnerable populations such as diabetes patients, we conducted an investigation into the performance of various machine learning models for the identification of hepatitis in diabetic patients while also evaluating the significance of features. Analyzing NHANES data from 2013 to 2018, machine learning models were evaluated; random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) along with stacked ensemble model. We performed hyperparameter tuning to improve the performance of the model, and selected important predictors using the best performance model. LASSO showed the highest predictive performance (AUC-ROC = 0.810) rather than other models. Illicit drug use, poverty, and race were highly ranked as predictive factors for developing hepatitis in diabetes patients. Our study demonstrated that a machine-learning-based model performed optimally in the detection of hepatitis among diabetes patients, achieving high performance. Furthermore, models and predictors evaluated from the current study, we expect, could be supportive information for developing screening or treatment methods for hepatitis care in diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Kim
- Department of Clinical Medicinal Sciences, Konyang University, Nonsan, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Park
- Department of Clinical Medicinal Sciences, Konyang University, Nonsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea.
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Talbird SE, Anderson SA, Nossov M, Beattie N, Rak AT, Diaz-Mitoma F. Cost-effectiveness of a 3-antigen versus single-antigen vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis B in adults in the United States. Vaccine 2023; 41:3506-3517. [PMID: 37147201 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The first 3-antigen hepatitis B vaccine was approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration in November 2021 and was recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2022. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of this 3-antigen vaccine (PreHevbrio™) relative to the single-antigen vaccine, Engerix-BTM, to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among US adults. METHODS A cost-effectiveness model was developed using a combined decision-tree and Markov structure to follow 100,000 adults over their remaining lifetimes after vaccination with either the 3-antigen or single-antigen vaccine. Outcomes from societal and healthcare sector perspectives were calculated for adults aged 18-44, 45-64, and ≥65 years; adults with diabetes; and adults with obesity. Seroprotection rates were obtained from the phase3, head-to-head PROTECT trial (NCT03393754). Incidence, vaccine costs, vaccine adherence rates, direct and indirect costs, utilities, transition probabilities, and mortality were obtained from published sources. Health outcomes and costs (2020USD) were discounted 3% annually and reported by vaccine and population. One-way sensitivity and scenario analyses were conducted. RESULTS In the model, the 3-antigen vaccine led to fewer HBV infections, complications, and deaths compared with the single-antigen vaccine in all modeled populations due to higher rates and faster onset of seroprotection. Compared with the single-antigen vaccine, the 3-antigen vaccine had better health outcomes, more quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and lower costs in adults aged 18-64 years, adults with diabetes, and adults with obesity (dominant strategy). For adults aged ≥65 years, the 3-antigen vaccine was cost-effective compared with the single-antigen vaccine ($26,237/QALY gained) below common willingness-to-pay thresholds ($50,000-$100,000/QALY gained). In sensitivity analyses, results were sensitive to vaccine cost per dose, incidence, and age at vaccination. CONCLUSION The recently approved 3-antigen vaccine is a cost-saving or cost-effective intervention for preventing HBV infection and addressing the long-standing burden of hepatitis B among US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Talbird
- RTI Health Solutions, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Durham, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Seri A Anderson
- RTI Health Solutions, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Misha Nossov
- VBI Vaccines Inc., 160 Second St., Floor 3, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Nell Beattie
- VBI Vaccines Inc., 160 Second St., Floor 3, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Aaron T Rak
- VBI Vaccines Inc., 160 Second St., Floor 3, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
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Han JY, Kwon JH, Kim SH, Lee H. Hepatitis Risk in Diabetes Compared to Non-Diabetes and Relevant Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4962. [PMID: 36981870 PMCID: PMC10049568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the development of hepatitis B or C infection in diabetes patients compared to those without and to elucidate factors associated with the prevalence of hepatitis B or C infection in diabetes. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2018. As evaluation factors, we included variables such as age, race, illicit drug use, and poverty. The diabetic group had a significantly higher prevalence of hepatitis B or C infection than the non-diabetic group (odds ratio (OR) = 1.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36-2.21, p < 0.01). In multivariate Cox regression, non-poverty and non-illicit drug use were lower risk factors contributing to hepatitis development in diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.32-0.79, p < 0.01, and HR = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.03-0.08, p < 0.01, respectively). Logistic regression also showed that these factors were significant contributors to hepatitis development in the diabetic group (p < 0.01). In patients with diabetes, the development of hepatitis was higher than that in those without, and hepatitis development was influenced by poverty and illicit drug use. This may provide supporting evidence of response strategies for diabetes to care for hepatitis development in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Young Han
- Department of Clinical Medicinal Sciences, Konyang University, Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Kwon
- Department of Clinical Medicinal Sciences, Konyang University, Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Kim
- Department of Clinical Medicinal Sciences, Konyang University, Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Medicinal Sciences, Konyang University, Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea
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Liu CH, Jiang W, Wu DB, Zeng QM, Wang YJ, Tang H. Concomitant Diseases and Co-contribution on Progression of Liver Stiffness in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:1605-1614. [PMID: 36227429 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between hepatitis B and concomitant diseases, such as fatty liver, T2DM, MetS, and Hp infection, remains unclear. AIM The present study was to illustrate the association and explore the co-contribution on abnormal transaminase and progression of liver stiffness. METHODS A total of 95,998 participants underwent HBsAg screening in West China Hospital from 2014 to 2017. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the adjusted odds ratios. RESULTS The prevalence of HBsAg-positive rate was 8.30% of our included study population. HBsAg positive was associated with negative risk of fatty liver (odds ratio [OR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.78, p < 0.001) and MetS (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.84, p < 0.001), and with positive risk of Hp infection (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.17, p = 0.012) and T2DM (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.40, p = 0.043). Besides, HBsAg-positive patients with T2DM had higher risk of elevated ALT (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.69-2.83, p < 0.001 vs OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.51-1.68, p < 0.001), AST (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.98-3.65, p < 0.001 vs OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.76-2.02, p < 0.001) than HBV alone. In addition to HBV, T2DM also can increase the risk of liver fibrosis (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.35-7.71, p = 0.008) and cirrhosis (OR 4.31, 95% CI 1.41-13.20, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION Hepatitis B patients have a lower risk of fatty liver and MetS, and a higher risk of T2DM and Hp infection. Besides, T2DM might be possibly associated with abnormal liver transaminase and fibrosis progression in HBsAg-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hai Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong-Bo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing-Min Zeng
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - You-Juan Wang
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R, Saberi F. Molecular evaluation of hepatitis B virus infection and predominant mutations of pre-core, basal core promoter and S regions in an Iranian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:553. [PMID: 35715756 PMCID: PMC9206294 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, genotypic patterns, and predominant mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among diabetic patients. Methods Serum samples were obtained from 733 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 782 non-diabetic controls. The presence of HBsAg and HBcAb was determined by ELISA. Nested PCR, targeting S and pre-core regions of the HBV genome, followed by sequencing was carried out to determine HBV genotypes and predominant mutations in the S, basal core promoter (BCP), and pre-core regions of the HBV genome. Results Of 733 diabetic patients, 94 cases (12.82%) were positive for HBcAb, 28 cases (3.82%) were positive for HBsAg, and 19 cases (2.59%) had HBV-DNA with genotype D, sub-genotype D1/D3 and subtype ayw2. An occult HBV infection was found in one of the HBV DNA-positive samples, which was positive for HBcAb but negative for HBsAg. P120T/G145R, G1896A/G1899A, and A1762T/G1764T were the most frequent point substitution mutations detected in the S, pre-core, and BCP regions of the HBV genome, respectively. P120T and G145R mutations were associated with low levels or undetectable levels of HBsAg in serum. Therefore, routine tests based on HBsAg detection cannot detect HBsAg-negative infected patients. Conclusions Relatively high prevalence of HBV infection was found in diabetic patients, while all of the HBV-infected patients were unaware of their infection. Therefore, screening for HBV infection should be included in the management program of diabetes for timely diagnosis and treatment of infected but asymptomatic patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07528-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, 751463334, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, 751463334, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Saberi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, 751463334, Bushehr, Iran
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Han B, Liu W, Yang S, Wang S, Du J, Liu Y, Cui F. Association between self-monitoring of blood glucose and hepatitis B virus infection among people with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Gansu Province, China. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048463. [PMID: 34620657 PMCID: PMC8499280 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to explore the association between self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among people with diabetes. DESIGN A cross-sectional comparative study. SETTING Six township hospitals in Gansu Province, China in October 2018. PARTICIPANTS 408 patients with diabetes were systematically recruited, and based on their characteristics 408 people without diabetes were randomly matched 1:1. INTERVENTIONS Venous blood was collected for HBV serological testing and blood glucose testing. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was comparison of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive rates between the two groups. The secondary outcome was the relationship between frequency of SMBG and HBsAg positivity. RESULTS HBsAg positive rate in people without diabetes was 2.0% and in those with diabetes was 4.2%. Whether in people without diabetes or patients with diabetes, higher frequency of SMBG was associated with higher HBsAg positive rate. Increases in the duration of diabetes were correlated with increasing rates of HBsAg. Compared with people without diabetes, logistic regression identified an association between diabetes and HBV infection (OR=2.8; 95% CI 1.0 to 7.6), but impaired fasting glucose was not (OR=2.3; 95% CI 0.5 to 9.9). CONCLUSION Routine blood glucose monitoring at home was associated with HBV infection, which meant people with diabetes may be at high risk of HBV infection. China is a country with high prevalence of both HBsAg and diabetes, and the increased risk of HBV infection in populations with diabetes needs more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Jingyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu, China
| | - Shubo Yang
- Jingyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Laboratorial Science, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
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YILMAZ ÖNAL H. Evaluation nutritional status and anthropometric parameters in patients with chronic hepatitis B. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.964768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Introduction Diabetes as lifelong chronic disease requires pharmacological treatment using plastic pens and needles. Proper disposal of used pens and needles have impact not just on health but environment as well. In 2020 there will be 3.2 million pens used and disposed in Bosnia and Herzegovina resulting in over 600 tons of this waste. Worldwide problem is related to proper disposal of used insulin pens and sharps. Aim To investigate and evaluate what are the attitudes, knowledge and practices on insulin pens and needles disposal among diabetes patients in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods The research was conducted in five cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina in period December 2019-January 2020 using questionnaire consisted of 28 questions distributed among patients with diabetes through their local patient associations. Results Total 250 diabetes patients participated. 40.4% inject medicines for 2 times per day and 37.6% for three and more times a day. Patients have not been instructed on proper disposal of used pens or needles in 67.6% and 66% respectively. The most appropriate place to dispose used pens is pharmacies and 90% of respondents would participate in program of collecting used pens if one exists. 75.6% of respondents consider improper disposal of pens and needles as healthcare problem, 18.8% see this as ecological problem and for 4% of them this is not a problem at all. Conclusion Current practice of disposing used insulin pens and sharps is improper. Patients are aware of health and environmental risk. There is a huge opportunity for pharmacists and other healthcare provides to provide better information and counseling diabetes patients on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Catic
- University Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Medical School, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Refet Gojak
- University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Danijel Djekic
- University Clinical Center of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Whitaker JA. Immunization Strategies to Span the Spectrum of Immunocompromised Adults. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1530-1548. [PMID: 32067801 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides annual recommendations for routine adult immunizations. Many recommendations consider patient factors such as age, medical conditions, and medications that increase an individual's risk for infection with a vaccine-preventable disease. These factors, particularly those that lead to immunocompromise, may also alter the risk-benefit ratio for live vaccines, and/or lead to decreased vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness. The provider may need to consider alternative vaccination strategies, including higher antigen dose vaccines, adjuvanted vaccines, avoidance of live vaccines, and careful timing of vaccination to optimize safety and effectiveness in immunocompromised populations. This thematic review discusses general principles regarding immunization of adults across the spectrum of immunocompromise, examines current guidelines and studies that support them, and outlines future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Whitaker
- Department of Molecular Virology and Department of Microbiology and Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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Zhao Y, Chen YL, Song HQ, Huang PY, Wang LY, Liu W, Huang BK, Lv FP, Huang C, Yan B, Li XJ. Effects of maternal hepatitis B surface antigen positive status on the pregnancy outcomes: A retrospective study in Xiamen, China, 2011-2018. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229732. [PMID: 32155166 PMCID: PMC7064202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatitis B virus infection is a major social and economic burden in developing countries, especially in China. We aimed to evaluate the effects of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive status on the pregnancy outcomes in the Chinese population. Methods This retrospective cohort study was performed using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Xiamen, China, from January 2011 to March 2018. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the HBsAg status and pregnancy outcomes. Results This study included 3,789 HBsAg-positive women and 29, 648 non-exposed women. The HBsAg-positive pregnant women were slightly older in age (29.3±4.3 vs. 28.9±4.4, P< 0.001). Additionally, pregnant women with a positive HBsAg status had higher odds of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.23), and cesarean delivery (aOR, 1.12; 95%CI, 1.03–1.21). The risk of infants being large or small-for-gestational age, having low-birth weight, and of macrosomia, preterm birth, and stillbirth did not differ significantly between the HBsAg-positive and–negative women. Conclusion In Xiamen, China, the slightly higher risk of GDM and cesarean section in women positive for HBsAg should not be neglected. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the effects of HBsAg positivity on the pregnancy outcomes in different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Hai-qu Song
- Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Li-ying Wang
- Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Fu-ping Lv
- Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (XJL); (BY)
| | - Xue-jun Li
- Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (XJL); (BY)
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Merza M. Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C viruses among diabetes mellitus patients in Duhok province, Iraqi Kurdistan. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:642-646. [PMID: 32318396 PMCID: PMC7114067 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1158_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Million Y, Teklu T, Alemu S, Ferede A, Belachew T, Desta K. Hepatitis B And Hepatitis C Viral Infections And Associated Factors Among Patients With Diabetes Visiting Gondar Referral Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2019; 6:143-150. [PMID: 31632934 PMCID: PMC6790114 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s222609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The liver is the major site of Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus replications. Patients with diabetes tend to be at an increased risk for developing various forms of liver diseases. The infection of the liver can cause or exacerbate diabetes. On the other hand, diabetes can cause or intensify the severity of liver infection. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus infections and associated factors among patients with diabetes visiting the University of Gondar referral teaching hospital, northwest Ethiopia. Results Out of the 610 participants (305 patients with diabetes, 305 people with no diabetes) of the study, 65 (10.7%) were positive for Hepatitis infections, of whom 44 (14.4%) and 21 (6.9%) were positive for at least one of the viruses in patients with diabetes and people with no diabetes, respectively. Out of the diabetic and non-diabetic groups of the study, 26 (8.5%) and 14 (4.6%) (95% CI, 0.96-4.02) were positive for Hepatitis B virus, respectively, while 23 (7.5%) and 7 (2.3%) (95% CI, 1.46-8.68) of the diabetes and non-diabetic groups were positive for Hepatitis C virus, respectively. History of blood transfusion (95% CI, 1.36-12.71) and unprotected sex (95% CI, 1.25-10.15) were significantly associated with Hepatitis B virus infection, while the type of diabetes (95% CI, 1.25-10.89) was associated with anti-Hepatitis C virus positivity. Conclusion Positivity for Hepatitis C virus was significantly associated with Type II diabetes. Blood transfusion and unprotected sex were risk factors for Hepatitis B virus infections. Further studies that elaborate temporal associations and find out explanations for the relationship between diabetes and Hepatitis C viral infections are of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihenew Million
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Teklu
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Shitaye Alemu
- Department of Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Aster Ferede
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Belachew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassu Desta
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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14
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Hyer RN, Janssen RS. Immunogenicity and safety of a 2-dose hepatitis B vaccine, HBsAg/CpG 1018, in persons with diabetes mellitus aged 60-70 years. Vaccine 2019; 37:5854-5861. [PMID: 31431412 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major public health issue, although it is a vaccine-preventable disease. Adults with diabetes are at greater risk of contracting HBV than the general population. Commonly used 3-dose HBV vaccines have reduced immunogenicity in older individuals and in those with diabetes mellitus. METHODS In this post hoc analysis of a phase 3 clinical trial, participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 60-70 years received either 2-dose HBsAg/CpG 1018 (HEPLISAV-B®, n = 327) at 0 and 4 weeks and placebo at 24 weeks or 3-dose HBsAg/alum (Engerix-B®, n = 153) at 0, 4, and 24 weeks. Immunogenicity, including seroprotection rate (SPR) at week 28, and safety were assessed by subgroup (sex, body mass index, and smoking status). SPR was defined as antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen serum concentration ≥10 mIU/mL. RESULTS The SPR at week 28 was significantly higher with HBsAg/CpG 1018 (85.8% [235/274]) than with HBsAg/alum (58.5% [76/130]) in the per-protocol analysis, for an overall difference of 27.3% (95% CI, 18.0-36.8). SPRs with HBsAg/CpG 1018 were consistently markedly higher compared with HBsAg/alum, regardless of sex, body mass index, or smoking status. Adverse events and deaths were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS Two-dose HBsAg/CpG 1018 provides a higher level of seroprotection against HBV than does a 3-dose vaccine (HBsAg/alum) with a similar safety profile in patients aged 60-70 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study identifier: NCT02117934.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall N Hyer
- Dynavax Technologies Corporation, 2929 Seventh Street, Suite 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States.
| | - Robert S Janssen
- Dynavax Technologies Corporation, 2929 Seventh Street, Suite 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States.
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15
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Increased risk of hepatitis B virus infection amongst individuals with diabetes mellitus. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181715. [PMID: 30858308 PMCID: PMC6438870 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been reports of hepatitis B outbreaks amongst diabetics in long-term care facilities, suggesting that risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is higher in this population. However, the magnitude of the risk and the incidence of HBV infection amongst the general diabetic population in China remains unknown. Data from a cohort study conducted in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China, were retrospectively analyzed in order to address this question. Demographic information was collected using a custom-designed questionnaire, and blood samples were tested for HBV using ELISA. We used multivariate logistic regression to explore the relationship between HBV infection and diabetes, while adjusting for age, sex, region, medical insurance, exposure history, and HBV vaccination. During 2013-2014, a total of 189766 adults were surveyed, of which 7382 were newly infected with HBV, corresponding to an incidence of 3.89%. In this study population, there were 4982 diabetic patients and 182710 non-diabetic individuals. Amongst those with diabetes, 265 (5.32%) were newly infected with HBV. In contrast, 7038 (3.85%) in the non-diabetic population were newly infected with HBV. The relative risk (RR) of HBV infection was 43% higher amongst those diagnosed with diabetes than amongst those not diagnosed (RR 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-1.63). These results suggest that the risk of HBV infection is higher amongst individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Hepatitis B vaccination and continuous infection control practices may help to reduce HBV infection in diabetic patients, and should be considered for diabetes management.
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16
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Arrelias CCA, Rodrigues FB, Torquato MTDCG, Teixeira CRDS, Rodrigues FFL, Zanetti ML. Prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis and potential associated factors in patients with diabetes mellitus. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2018; 26:e3085. [PMID: 30517576 PMCID: PMC6280183 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2774.3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to estimate the prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis B and C in
patients with diabetes mellitus and analyze potential associated factors.
Method: a cross-sectional study with 255 patients with diabetes mellitus.
Demographic, clinical, and risk behavior factors for hepatitis B and C were
selected. The markers HBsAg, Anti-HBc IgG, Anti-HBc IgM, Anti-HBs, and
Anti-HCV were investigated. A questionnaire and venous blood collection and
inferential statistical analysis were used. Results: 16.8% of the patients had a total reactive Anti-HBc marker, 8.2% an isolated
Anti-HBs, and 75% were non-reactive for all hepatitis B markers. No case of
reactive HBsAg was found and 3.3% of the patients had a reactive anti-HCV
marker. The prevalence of prior hepatitis B virus infection was directly
associated with the time of diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of
hepatitis C virus infection was not associated with the investigated
variables. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in patients with
diabetes mellitus was higher when compared to the national, with values of
16.8% and 3.3%, respectively. Conclusion: the results suggest that patients with diabetes are a population of higher
vulnerability to hepatitis B and C, leading to the adoption of preventive
measures of their occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carla Regina de Souza Teixeira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Fernanda Luchetti Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Zanetti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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17
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Azarkar Z, Ziaee M, Ebrahimzadeh A, Sharifzadeh G, Javanmard D. Epidemiology, risk factors, and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B infection among anti-hepatitis B core antigen alone subjects. J Med Virol 2018; 91:615-622. [PMID: 30345529 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Features of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among the anti-hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) positives have yet to be described in more details. This study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI), and association to risk factors among seropositives for anti-HBc. METHODS This was part of a community-based screening project that included 5234 cases. All participants completed a questionnaire on demographic and socio-epidemiological information. Then, the blood samples were collected and tested for anti-HBc and HBsAg using ELISA method. To identify OBI, nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed for HBV-S and X genes, and viral load was determined using an in-house real-time PCR. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis have been implemented for genotyping. RESULTS Overall, 596 cases, positive only for anti-HBc were included in the study. OBI was detected among 61 cases (10.2%). The genotype and subgenotype of HBV among all of them was D1, except one that was D4. Most of them had low viral loads ranged from 1.2 × 102 to 1.34 × 10 3 copies/mL; 19.6% had undetectable viral loads. Important mutations in surface protein and reverse transcriptase were sI92T, sQ129H, rtL80I, rtS85F, rtL91I. The prevalence of OBI was related to some risk factors, such as tattooing (P = 0.02), sexual activities (P = 0.009), and diabetes (P = 0.031). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that OBI should be considered among anti-HBc seropositive subjects. This form of HBV infection was accompanied with some mutations, risk factors, and diseases. However, further investigations are needed to determine virological importance of documented mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Azarkar
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Masood Ziaee
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahimzadeh
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sharifzadeh
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Davod Javanmard
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Ferreira GLC, Marano C, De Moerlooze L, Guignard A, Feng Y, El Hahi Y, van Staa T. Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis B in patients with diabetes mellitus in the UK: A population-based cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:571-580. [PMID: 29220868 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis B (Hep B) in patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). This was a retrospective, observational study of diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts aged 0-80 years using CPRD (NCT02324218). Incidence rates (IR) for each cohort were calculated. Crude and adjusted (Poisson regression) IR ratios (IRR) were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare the cohorts. Hep B prevalence stratified by age, and hospitalization related to Hep B was also calculated. Of 7 712 043 subjects identified, 4 839 770 were included (DM: 160 760; non-DM: 4 679 010). Mean ages were 54.4 and 32.0 years, and 57.20% and 50.14% were male in the diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts, respectively. Hep B was identified in 29 diabetic and 845 nondiabetic subjects; IR was 4.03 per 100 000 person-years and 2.88 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The adjusted IRR was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.70-1.50) between diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts. Hep B prevalence was higher in the diabetic cohort (0.01%-0.26%) than in the nondiabetic cohort (0.00%-0.03%) across the different age groups. Hep B-associated hospitalization IR was higher in the diabetic cohort (4.98-10.91) than the nondiabetic cohort (0.26-2.44). The Hep B IR, hospitalization and prevalence were higher in males in both cohorts. In conclusion, the risk of incident Hep B diagnosis in the diabetic cohort was not different from that in the nondiabetic cohort. However, prevalence of Hep B and Hep B-associated hospitalization rate was higher in the diabetic than in the nondiabetic cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - T van Staa
- Health and Research Centre, Farr Institute for Health Informatics Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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19
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Schillie S, Vellozzi C, Reingold A, Harris A, Haber P, Ward JW, Nelson NP. Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep 2018; 67:1-31. [PMID: 29939980 PMCID: PMC5837403 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr6701a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) IS TRANSMITTED VIA BLOOD OR SEXUAL CONTACT. PERSONS WITH CHRONIC HBV INFECTION ARE AT INCREASED RISK FOR CIRRHOSIS AND LIVER CANCER AND REQUIRE MEDICAL CARE. THIS REPORT UPDATES AND SUMMARIZES PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES (ACIP) AND CDC REGARDING THE PREVENTION OF HBV INFECTION IN THE UNITED STATES. ACIP RECOMMENDS TESTING ALL PREGNANT WOMEN FOR HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HBSAG), AND TESTING HBSAG-POSITIVE PREGNANT WOMEN FOR HEPATITIS B VIRUS DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (HBV DNA); ADMINISTRATION OF HEPB VACCINE AND HEPATITIS B IMMUNE GLOBULIN (HBIG) FOR INFANTS BORN TO HBV-INFECTED WOMEN WITHIN 12 HOURS OF BIRTH, FOLLOWED BY COMPLETION OF THE VACCINE SERIES AND POSTVACCINATION SEROLOGIC TESTING; UNIVERSAL HEPATITIS B VACCINATION WITHIN 24 HOURS OF BIRTH, FOLLOWED BY COMPLETION OF THE VACCINE SERIES; AND VACCINATION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AGED <19 YEARS WHO HAVE NOT BEEN VACCINATED PREVIOUSLY. ACIP RECOMMENDS VACCINATION OF ADULTS AT RISK FOR HBV INFECTION, INCLUDING UNIVERSAL VACCINATION OF ADULTS IN SETTINGS IN WHICH A HIGH PROPORTION HAVE RISK FACTORS FOR HBV INFECTION AND VACCINATION OF ADULTS REQUESTING PROTECTION FROM HBV WITHOUT ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF A SPECIFIC RISK FACTOR. THESE RECOMMENDATIONS ALSO PROVIDE CDC GUIDANCE FOR POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS FOLLOWING OCCUPATIONAL AND OTHER EXPOSURES. THIS REPORT ALSO BRIEFLY SUMMARIZES PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASEST GUIDELINES FOR MATERNAL ANTIVIRAL THERAPY TO REDUCE PERINATAL HBV TRANSMISSION.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schillie
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for
HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC
| | - Claudia Vellozzi
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for
HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC
| | - Arthur Reingold
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public
Health, Berkeley, California
| | - Aaron Harris
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for
HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC
| | - Penina Haber
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National
Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - John W. Ward
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for
HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC
| | - Noele P. Nelson
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for
HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC
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20
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Younossi Z, Kochems K, de Ridder M, Curran D, Bunge EM, de Moerlooze L. Should adults with diabetes mellitus be vaccinated against hepatitis B virus? A systematic review of diabetes mellitus and the progression of hepatitis B disease. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2695-2706. [PMID: 28742983 PMCID: PMC5703367 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1353850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the burden of diabetes mellitus (DM), little is known about the role of this and other metabolic syndromes on the severity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronicity and liver disease progression. The value of hepatitis B vaccination and its impact on liver diseases and HCC has been largely demonstrated, adult vaccination coverage is however suboptimal and DM diagnosis represents an opportunity for the HCP to discuss hepatitis B and other adult vaccinations. We performed a systematic literature search to identify studies (January 2000 to January 2017) describing liver disease progression among patients with HBV by DM status. Risk factors were assessed including the relationship between HBV and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Data were extracted systematically and assessed descriptively. Twenty articles described liver disease progression and one article evaluated NASH among subjects with HBV by DM status. Fourteen articles reported that DM as a predictor for the outcome, including delayed seroclearance, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, transplant/mortality and death, whereas no association on liver outcomes was found in 7 studies. In summary, our review suggests that DM is associated with the progression of severe liver outcomes in adults with HBV, although more studies are needed to understand the benefits of HBV vaccination in adults with DM and liver-diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair Younossi
- a Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine , Inova Fairfax Hospital , Falls Church , VA , USA
| | - Katrin Kochems
- b Pallas Health Research and Consultancy , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marc de Ridder
- c Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Bruxelles , Belgium
| | | | - Eveline M Bunge
- b Pallas Health Research and Consultancy , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
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21
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Liu F, Guo Z, Dong C. Influences of obesity on the immunogenicity of Hepatitis B vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1014-1017. [PMID: 28059607 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1274475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis B vaccine is regarded as the most effective method for the prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, several factors such as age, body mass index and immunocompetent state have been reported to be associated with reduced immunization responses. The present commentary was aimed to discuss the influences of obesity on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccines. DATA SOURCES Available peer-reviewed literatures, practice guidelines, and statistics published on hepatitis B vaccine in obesity between 1973 and 2015. CONCLUSIONS Obesity was significantly associated with non-response to hepatitis B vaccine immunization. The risk of nonresponsiveness of hepatitis B vaccine among obese people increased with BMI. Moreover, the obesity might lead to an increased risk of HBV vaccine-escape mutations. The mechanism responsible for decreased immunization responses in obesity included leptin-induced systemic and B cell intrinsic inflammation, impaired T cell responses and lymphocyte division and proliferation. Therefore, more studies should be performed to analyze the influences of obesity on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccines to improve the immunoprotecive effect of hepatitis B vaccines in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- a Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Suzhou , China
| | - Zhirong Guo
- b Department of Epidemiology and Statistics , School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Chen Dong
- b Department of Epidemiology and Statistics , School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
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22
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Doherty M, Schmidt-Ott R, Santos JI, Stanberry LR, Hofstetter AM, Rosenthal SL, Cunningham AL. Vaccination of special populations: Protecting the vulnerable. Vaccine 2016; 34:6681-6690. [PMID: 27876197 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the strategic objectives of the 2011-2020 Global Vaccine Action Plan is for the benefits of immunisation to be equitably extended to all people. This approach encompasses special groups at increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, such as preterm infants and pregnant women, as well as those with chronic and immune-compromising medical conditions or at increased risk of disease due to immunosenescence. Despite demonstrations of effectiveness and safety, vaccine uptake in these special groups is frequently lower than expected, even in developed countries with vaccination strategies in place. For example, uptake of the influenza vaccine in pregnancy rarely exceeds 50% in developed countries and, although data are scarce, it appears that only half of preterm infants are up-to-date with routine paediatric vaccinations. Many people with chronic medical conditions or who are immunocompromised due to disease or aging are also under-vaccinated. In the US, coverage among people aged 65years or older was 67% for the influenza vaccine in the 2014-2015 season and 55-60% for tetanus and pneumococcal vaccines in 2013, while the coverage rate for herpes zoster vaccination among those aged 60years or older was only 24%. In most other countries, rates are far lower. Reasons for under-vaccination of special groups include fear of adverse outcomes or illness caused by the vaccine, the inconvenience (and in some settings, cost) of vaccination and lack of awareness of the need for vaccination or national recommendations. There is also evidence that healthcare providers' attitudes towards vaccination are among the most important influences on the decision to vaccinate. It is clear that physicians' adherence to recommendations needs to be improved, particularly where patients receive care from multiple subspecialists and receive little or no care from primary care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Doherty
- GSK Vaccines, Avenue Fleming 20, Parc de la Noire Epine, B-1300 Wavre, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Lawrence R Stanberry
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York-Presbyterian/Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Annika M Hofstetter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Susan L Rosenthal
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anthony L Cunningham
- Westmead Institute, The Centre for Virus Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, NSW 2145, Australia.
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23
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Deshpande G, Klink AJ, Shenolikar R, Singer J, Eisenberg Lawrence DF, Krishnarajah G. Economic burden of hepatitis B infection among patients with diabetes. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1132-40. [PMID: 27050021 PMCID: PMC4963070 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1127488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite ACIP recommendation and cost-effectiveness established in those 19–59 y old diabetes patients the uptake of Hepatitis B vaccine in diabetes patients is low. There is need to highlight the impact of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in diabetes patients in terms of healthcare utilization and costs to recognize the burden of HBV in this population. This retrospective claims analysis included patients with diabetes and HBV (cases; n=1,236) and those with diabetes without HBV (controls; n=4,944), identified by ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes. Cases were matched with 4 controls using propensity score matching. Healthcare utilization and cost were compared; incremental effect of HBV infection was assessed using multivariate analysis. In the adjusted analyses, the mean number of hospitalizations (0.6 vs 0.4), outpatient service visits (34.2 vs. 20.4), and office visits (10.9 vs. 9.8) were 41%, 68%, and 11% higher, respectively, in cases vs. controls (all p<0.05). Gastroenterologist visits (0.8 vs. 0.2) and infectious disease visits (0.1 vs. 0.0) were 80% and 18% higher in subset of case and controls with these events. Cases ($39,435) incurred $16,397 incremental total costs compared with controls ($23,038). Medical ($30,968 vs. $17,765) and pharmacy costs ($8,029 vs. $5,114) were both significantly higher for cases (p < 0.0001). Healthcare utilization and costs were higher among patients with diabetes and HBV than in those with diabetes alone. These results provide evidence supporting the need for HBV vaccination among unvaccinated diabetes patients.
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24
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Byrd KK, Mehal JM, Schillie SF, Holman RC, Haberling D, Murphy T. Chronic Liver Disease-Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults with Diabetes, National Inpatient Sample, 2001-2012. Public Health Rep 2016; 130:693-703. [PMID: 26556941 DOI: 10.1177/003335491513000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many people with diabetes have a variety of diabetes-related complications. Among the variety of conditions associated with diabetes, however, liver diseases are less well recognized. As such, we aimed to describe chronic liver disease (CLD)-associated hospitalization rates among U.S. adults with diabetes from 2001-2012. METHODS We used a nationally representative database of hospitalizations, the National Inpatient Sample, to determine CLD-associated hospitalization rates among U.S. adults aged ≥ 18 years with and without diabetes, from 2001-2012. Hospitalizations listing an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for CLD on the discharge record were selected for analysis and were further classified by diabetes status based on concurrent presence of a diabetes ICD-9-CM code. We calculated average annual age-adjusted hospitalization rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and conducted a test for trend. RESULTS For 2001-2012, the total age-adjusted CLD-associated hospitalization rate among adults with diabetes (1,680.9 per 100,000 population; 95% CI 1,577.2, 1,784.6) was approximately four times the rate of adults without diabetes (424.2 per 100,000 population; 95% CI 413.4, 435.1). Total age-adjusted hospitalization rates of adults with and without diabetes increased 59% and 48%, respectively, from 2001-2002 to 2011-2012 (p<0.001). Hepatitis C- and chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis-associated hospitalizations comprised the largest proportion of total CLD-associated hospitalizations among adults with and without diabetes. CONCLUSION Providers should be aware of the potential existence of CLD among adults with diabetes and counsel patients on preventive methods to avoid progressive liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K Byrd
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA ; Current affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jason M Mehal
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sarah F Schillie
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA
| | - Robert C Holman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Dana Haberling
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Trudy Murphy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA
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25
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Wang C, Zhao P, Luo P, Liu W, Wang H, Zhao Q. Prevalence and risk factors of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Postgrad Med 2015; 127:786-90. [PMID: 26436306 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2015.1094366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with chronic viral hepatitis usually present metabolic abnormalities and hemodynamic changes, which are known factors associated with the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to determine the risk factors of incident CAD in these patients. METHODS We identified 193 patients who subsequently developed CAD amongst 37,840 cases diagnosed as chronic viral hepatitis from January 2007 through December 2013. RESULTS In these patients, 141 had hepatitis B virus infections and 52 had hepatitis C virus infections. There was a male preponderance (65.9%). The median age at the diagnosis of hepatitis was 51 years. In the univariate analysis, patients aged ≥ 51 years had shorter median periods from the diagnosis of hepatitis to the onset of CAD than patients aged < 51 years (50 versus 96 months, p < 0.001), and patients with hypertension had shorter median durations compared to those without hypertension (48 versus 96 months, p < 0.001). Statistical significance also existed between patients with different etiologies (p = 0.004). In the multivariate analysis by Cox regression, age at the diagnosis of hepatitis (p < 0.001; hazard ratio (HR), 1.041; 95% CI, 1.027-1.056) and hypertension (with versus without, p < 0.001; HR, 1.925; 95% CI, 1.419-2.611) were revealed. CONCLUSIONS Age at diagnosis of hepatitis and hypertension appeared to be independent risk factors of incident CAD in these patients. This topic deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Wang
- a 1 Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- b 2 Clinical Trial Center, Beijing 302 Hospital (302 Hospital of PLA) , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ping Luo
- a 1 Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- c 3 Department of Statistics, Academy of Military Medical Science , Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hao Wang
- d 4 Medical Record Center, Beijing 302 Hospital (302 Hospital of PLA) , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Quanming Zhao
- e 5 Department of Special Medical Service, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100029, China
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Ozisik L, Tanriover MD, Calik Basaran N, Oz SG, Unal S. Missed opportunities for Hepatitis B vaccination among diabetic patients. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2806-10. [PMID: 26366628 PMCID: PMC5054786 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many infectious diseases in adults can be prevented by a 'life-long vaccination strategy'. Hepatitis B disease burden was shown to be higher in diabetic patients. American Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends to vaccinate diabetic patients against hepatitis B since 2011. In this study, we aimed to determine hepatitis B virus serology status to determine the rates of diabetic patients who have indications for hepatitis B vaccination. The electronic database of the hospital was searched to identify adult patients aged above 18 years and with hemoglobin A1C levels of 6.5% or above, who have been seen at General Medicine Outpatient Clinics of a university hospital during a 3-year period. A total of 5187 patients were included in the study. After exclusion of patients with an incomplete serological panel, 1358 patients were included for further analyses. Twenty-nine percent of the patients had indication for hepatitis B vaccination, whereas only 8% were vaccinated. This study showed that nearly one third of patients who had hepatitis B serological data had an indication for hepatitis B vaccination and this is a clear reflection of the need to keep a lifelong vaccination log and inquire vaccination data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Ozisik
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mine Durusu Tanriover
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nursel Calik Basaran
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Gul Oz
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Unal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Cai C, Zeng J, Wu H, Shi R, Wei M, Gao Y, Ma W. Association between hepatitis B virus infection and diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:693-698. [PMID: 26622377 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been shown by certain studies to be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the results of these studies were controversial. For that reason, a meta-analysis of the literature was performed in order to determine the association between HBV infection and the prevalence of DM more accurately. The PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wan Fang databases, as well as the Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, were searched for literature published until June 2014. The reference lists of all relevant articles were also searched. The summary odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated based on a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on study type and region for the purpose of assessing the factors that could potentially affect the outcome. A total of 15 eligible studies (in 14 articles) were selected for the meta-analysis, involving 12,974,690 HBV-infected patients and 231,776,232 controls. The OR for the prevalence of DM was 1.33 (95% CI, 1.09-1.62; P=0.005) between the patients with HBV infection and the controls. The subgroup analysis based on study type revealed a significantly higher prevalence of DM in the HBV-infected group than that in the control group in both case-control (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.08-3.30; P=0.025) and cross-sectional (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.04-1.90; P=0.027) studies. The subgroup analysis based on region revealed a significantly higher prevalence of DM in the HBV-infected group than in the control group in the Asia-Pacific region (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.08-2.58; P=0.022). Compared with uninfected patients, the pooled results suggest that HBV-infected patients have a higher risk of developing DM; however, given the fact that this is a meta-analysis of observational studies, further randomized controlled trials are required in order to reach a more accurate conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Cai
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Rong Shi
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Min Wei
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Ma
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Majumdar A, Sahoo J, Roy G, Kamalanathan S. Improper sharp disposal practices among diabetes patients in home care settings: Need for concern? Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 19:420-5. [PMID: 25932402 PMCID: PMC4366785 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.152792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, outbreaks of blood-borne infections have been reported from assisted living facilities, which were traced back to improper blood glucose monitoring practices. Needle-stick injuries have been implicated in many such cases. This directly raises concerns over sharp disposal practices of diabetic patients self-managing their condition in home care settings. With India being home to a huge diabetic population, this issue, if neglected, can cause substantial damage to the health of the population and a marked economic loss. This article discusses the sharp disposal practices prevalent among diabetes patients, the importance of proper sharp disposal, barriers to safe disposal of sharps, and the options available for doing the same. For adopting an environmentally safe wholesome approach, disposal of plastics generated as a result of diabetes self-care at home is important as well. The article also looks at the possible long-term solutions to these issues that are sustainable in an Indian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindo Majumdar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Gautam Roy
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Raised liver enzymes in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 17:535. [PMID: 23869321 PMCID: PMC3712395 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beuy Joob
- Sanitation 1, Medical Academic Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Hainan Medical University, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Serbia
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30
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Diabetes mellitus and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1182-8. [PMID: 23370206 PMCID: PMC3619062 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The increasing prevalence of diabetes may contribute to the rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the US and other developed countries where HCC incidence is relatively low. Data from prospective studies on diabetes and risk of HCC in at-risk populations due to high prevalence of viral hepatitis in southeast Asia are sparse. Methods: The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a prospective cohort of 63 257 middle-aged and older Chinese men and women enrolled in 1993–1998. Besides an in-person interview administered to all participants at baseline, testing of serologic markers of hepatitis B or C infections were performed on a subset of cohort subjects. After a mean follow-up of 14 years, 499 cohort participants developed HCC. Results: A history of diabetes at baseline was associated with a hazard ratio of 2.14 (95% confidence interval, 1.69–2.71). This statistically significant association was comparable in magnitude between men and women, and remained equally strong across strata of subjects defined by the number of years between their first clinical diagnosis of diabetes and time of enrolment in this cohort. Within a nested case-control set of cohort subjects tested for serological markers of hepatitis B or C infections, the diabetes–HCC association was found to be present mainly among those devoid of any markers. Conclusion: A history of diabetes at baseline is highly associated with non-viral HCC. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the biological mechanism underpinning the role of diabetes in nonviral-related hepatocarcinogenesis.
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31
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Spadea L, Paroli MP. Laser refractive surgery in diabetic patients: a review of the literature. Clin Ophthalmol 2012; 6:1775-83. [PMID: 23152656 PMCID: PMC3497454 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s37384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current recommendations regarding laser refractive surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus and to assess whether these patients make appropriate candidates for laser vision correction. METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify current research on the ocular complications of diabetes and original publications on laser refractive surgery in diabetic patients. RESULTS Diabetes was associated with several ocular complications. Initially the US Food and Drug Administration listed these complications as justification to advise against refractive surgery in patients with diabetes. However, recent studies on laser in situ keratomileusis in diabetic patients indicate that this procedure may be safe in diabetic patients with very well controlled systemic disease and no ocular manifestations. CONCLUSION Laser refractive surgery may be performed safely in a very selected group of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Spadea
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Eye Clinic, L'Aquila
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Reilly ML, Schillie SF, Smith E, Poissant T, Vonderwahl CW, Gerard K, Baumgartner J, Mercedes L, Sweet K, Muleta D, Zaccaro DJ, Klevens RM, Murphy TV. Increased risk of acute hepatitis B among adults with diagnosed diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012; 6:858-66. [PMID: 22920812 PMCID: PMC3440157 DOI: 10.1177/193229681200600417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The risk of acute hepatitis B among adults with diabetes mellitus is unknown. We investigated the association between diagnosed diabetes and acute hepatitis B. METHODS Confirmed acute hepatitis B cases were reported in 2009-2010 to eight Emerging Infections Program (EIP) sites; diagnosed diabetes status was determined. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System respondents residing in EIP sites comprised the comparison group. Odds ratios (ORs) comparing acute hepatitis B among adults with diagnosed diabetes versus without diagnosed diabetes were determined by multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, and stratified by the presence or absence of risk behaviors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. RESULTS During 2009-2010, EIP sites reported 865 eligible acute hepatitis B cases among persons aged ≥23 years; 95 (11.0%) had diagnosed diabetes. Comparison group diabetes prevalence was 9.1%. Among adults without hepatitis B risk behaviors and with reported diabetes status, the OR for acute hepatitis B comparing adults with and without diabetes was 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4, 2.6); ORs for adults ages 23-59 and ≥60 years were 2.1 (95% CI = 1.6, 2.8) and 1.5 (95% = CI 0.9, 2.5), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes was independently associated with an increased risk for acute hepatitis B among adults without HBV risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith L. Reilly
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah F. Schillie
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emily Smith
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Kristin Gerard
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer Baumgartner
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York
| | | | | | - Daniel Muleta
- Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - R. Monina Klevens
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Trudy V. Murphy
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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