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Xu Y, Zhou X, Zheng W, Cui B, Xie C, Liu Y, Qin X, Liu J. Serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance, multilocus sequence typing, and virulence factors of invasive and non-invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Northeast China from 2000 to 2021. Med Microbiol Immunol 2024; 213:12. [PMID: 38954065 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-024-00797-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a major public health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance changes, clonal composition, and virulence factors of S. pneumoniae isolates causing pneumococcal disease in northeast China from 2000 to 2021. A total of 1,454 S. pneumoniae isolates were included, with 568 invasive strains and 886 non-invasive strains. The patients from whom the S. pneumoniae were isolated ranged in age from 26 days to 95 years, with those ≤ 5 years old comprising the largest group (67.19%). 19 F, 19 A, 23 F, 14, and 6B were the most common serotypes, of which 19 A and 19 F were the main serotypes of invasive and non-invasive S. pneumoniae, respectively. CC271 was the most common multilocus sequence type. Serotype 14 had the lowest expression of cbpA, rrgA, and psrP genes, but expression levels of 19 A and 19 F genes were similar. All isolates were sensitive to ertapenem, moxifloxacin, linezolid, and vancomycin but highly resistant to macrolides, tetracyclines, and cotrimoxazole. Simultaneous resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was common pattern among multidrug-resistant isolates. Non-invasive S. pneumoniae had higher resistance to β-lactam antibiotics than invasive strains. 19 A and 19 F were the main strains of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. The resistance rate of β-lactam antibiotics decreased from 2017 to 2021 compared to previous periods. Including PCV13 in the national immunization program can reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of pneumococcal disease effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiuzhen Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Bing Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Chonghong Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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2
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Summer K, Liu L, Guo Q, Barkla B, Benkendorff K. Semi-purified Antimicrobial Proteins from Oyster Hemolymph Inhibit Pneumococcal Infection. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024:10.1007/s10126-024-10297-w. [PMID: 38430292 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pneumococcal infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly among children. The ability of S. pneumoniae to form enduring biofilms makes treatment inherently difficult, and options are further limited by emerging antibiotic resistance. The discovery of new antibiotics, particularly those with antibiofilm activity, is therefore increasingly important. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) from marine invertebrates are recognised as promising pharmacological leads. This study determined the in vitro antibacterial activity of hemolymph and unique protein fractions from an Australian oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) against multi-drug-resistant S. pneumoniae. We developed a successful method for hemolymph extraction and separation into 16 fractions by preparative HPLC. The strongest activity was observed in fraction 7: at 42 µg/mL protein, this fraction was bactericidal to S. pneumoniae and inhibited biofilm formation. Proteomic analysis showed that fraction 7 contained relatively high abundance of carbonic anhydrase, cofilin, cystatin B-like, and gelsolin-like proteins, while surrounding fractions, which showed lower or no antibacterial activity, contained these proteins in lower abundance or not at all. This work supports traditional medicinal uses of oysters and contributes to further research and development of novel hemolymph/AMP-based treatments for pneumococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Summer
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
| | - Lei Liu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Qi Guo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Barkla
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
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3
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Cinar MS, Niyas A, Avci FY. Serine-rich repeat proteins: well-known yet little-understood bacterial adhesins. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0024123. [PMID: 37975670 PMCID: PMC10810200 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00241-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine-rich-repeat proteins (SRRPs) are large mucin-like glycoprotein adhesins expressed by a plethora of pathogenic and symbiotic Gram-positive bacteria. SRRPs play major functional roles in bacterial-host interactions, like adhesion, aggregation, biofilm formation, virulence, and pathogenesis. Through their functional roles, SRRPs aid in the development of host microbiomes but also diseases like infective endocarditis, otitis media, meningitis, and pneumonia. SRRPs comprise shared domains across different species, including two or more heavily O-glycosylated long stretches of serine-rich repeat regions. With loci that can be as large as ~40 kb and can encode up to 10 distinct glycosyltransferases that specifically facilitate SRRP glycosylation, the SRRP loci makes up a significant portion of the bacterial genome. The significance of SRRPs and their glycans in host-microbe communications is becoming increasingly evident. Studies are beginning to reveal the glycosylation pathways and mature O-glycans presented by SRRPs. Here we review the glycosylation machinery of SRRPs across species and discuss the functional roles and clinical manifestations of SRRP glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukaddes S. Cinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Afaq Niyas
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fikri Y. Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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4
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Lane JR, Tata M, Yasmin R, Im H, Briles DE, Orihuela CJ. PspA-mediated aggregation protects Streptococcus pneumoniae against desiccation on fomites. mBio 2023; 14:e0263423. [PMID: 37982608 PMCID: PMC10746202 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02634-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Spn is a dangerous human pathogen capable of causing pneumonia and invasive disease. The virulence factor PspA has been studied for nearly four decades with well-established roles in pneumococcal evasion of C-reactive protein and neutralization of lactoferricin. Herein, we show that mammalian (m)GAPDH in mucosal secretions promotes aggregation of pneumococci in a PspA-dependent fashion, whereas lactoferrin counters this effect. PspA-mediated GAPDH-dependent bacterial aggregation protected Spn in nasal lavage elutes and grown in vitro from desiccation on fomites. Furthermore, surviving pneumococci within these aggregates retained their ability to colonize naïve hosts after desiccation. We report that Spn binds to and forms protein complexes on its surface composed of PspA, mGAPDH, and lactoferrin. Changes in the levels of these proteins therefore most likely have critical implications on Spn colonization, survival on fomites, and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Lane
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Muralidhar Tata
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rahena Yasmin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hansol Im
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David E. Briles
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Carlos J. Orihuela
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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5
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Lane JR, Tata M, Yasmin R, Im H, Briles DE, Orihuela CJ. PspA-mediated aggregation protects Streptococcus pneumoniae against desiccation on fomites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559802. [PMID: 37808718 PMCID: PMC10557681 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) resides in the nasopharynx where it can disseminate to cause disease. One key Spn virulence factor is pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), which promotes survival by blocking the antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin. PspA has also been shown to mediate attachment to dying epithelial cells in the lower airway due to its binding of cell surface-bound mammalian (m)GAPDH. Importantly, the role of PspA during colonization is not well understood. Wildtype Spn was present in nasal lavage elutes collected from asymptomatically colonized mice at levels ~10-fold higher that its isogenic PspA-deficient mutant (ΔpspA). Wildtype Spn also formed aggregates in mucosal secretions composed of sloughed epithelial cells and hundreds of pneumococci, whereas ΔpspA did not. Spn within the center of these aggregates better survived prolonged desiccation on fomites than individual pneumococci and were capable of infecting naïve mice, indicating PspA-mediated aggregation conferred a survival/transmission advantage. Incubation of Spn in saline containing mGAPDH also enhanced tolerance to desiccation, but only for wildtype Spn. mGAPDH was sufficient to cause low-level aggregation of wildtype Spn but not ΔpspA. In strain WU2, the subdomain of PspA responsible for binding GAPDH (aa230-281) is ensconced within the lactoferrin (LF)-binding domain (aa167-288). We observed that LF inhibited GAPDH-mediated aggregation and desiccation tolerance. Using surface plasmon resonance, we determined that Spn forms multimeric complexes of PspA-GAPDH-LF on its surface and that LF dislodges GAPDH. Our findings have important implications regarding pneumococcal colonization/transmission processes and ongoing PspA-focused immunization efforts for this deadly pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Lane
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35209, United States
| | - Muralidhar Tata
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35209, United States
| | - Rahena Yasmin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35209, United States
| | - Hansol Im
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35209, United States
| | - David E. Briles
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35209, United States
| | - Carlos J. Orihuela
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35209, United States
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6
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Horsfield ST, Tonkin-Hill G, Croucher NJ, Lees JA. Accurate and fast graph-based pangenome annotation and clustering with ggCaller. Genome Res 2023; 33:1622-1637. [PMID: 37620118 PMCID: PMC10620059 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277733.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial genomes differ in both gene content and sequence mutations, which underlie extensive phenotypic diversity, including variation in susceptibility to antimicrobials or vaccine-induced immunity. To identify and quantify important variants, all genes within a population must be predicted, functionally annotated, and clustered, representing the "pangenome." Despite the volume of genome data available, gene prediction and annotation are currently conducted in isolation on individual genomes, which is computationally inefficient and frequently inconsistent across genomes. Here, we introduce the open-source software graph-gene-caller (ggCaller). ggCaller combines gene prediction, functional annotation, and clustering into a single workflow using population-wide de Bruijn graphs, removing redundancy in gene annotation and resulting in more accurate gene predictions and orthologue clustering. We applied ggCaller to simulated and real-world bacterial data sets containing hundreds or thousands of genomes, comparing it to current state-of-the-art tools. ggCaller has considerable speed-ups with equivalent or greater accuracy, particularly with data sets containing complex sources of error, such as assembly contamination or fragmentation. ggCaller is also an important extension to bacterial genome-wide association studies, enabling querying of annotated graphs for functional analyses. We highlight this application by functionally annotating DNA sequences with significant associations to tetracycline and macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, identifying key resistance determinants that were missed when using only a single reference genome. ggCaller is a novel bacterial genome analysis tool with applications in bacterial evolution and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Horsfield
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom;
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Tonkin-Hill
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicholas J Croucher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - John A Lees
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
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7
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Aceil J, Venkat A, Pan E, Kannan N, Avci FY. Prevalence and Homology of the Pneumococcal Serine-Rich Repeat Protein at the Global Scale. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0325222. [PMID: 36995217 PMCID: PMC10269691 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03252-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal pneumonia remains a WHO high-priority disease despite multivalent conjugate vaccines administered in clinical practice worldwide. A protein-based, serotype-independent vaccine has long-promised comprehensive coverage of most clinical isolates of the pneumococcus. Along with numerous pneumococcal surface protein immunogens, the pneumococcal serine-rich repeat protein (PsrP) has been investigated as a potential vaccine target due to its surface exposure and functions toward bacterial virulence and lung infection. Three critical criteria for its vaccine potential - the clinical prevalence, serotype distribution, and sequence homology of PsrP - have yet to be well characterized. Here, we used genomes of 13,454 clinically isolated pneumococci from the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing project to investigate PsrP presence among isolates, distribution among serotypes, and interrogate its homology as a protein across species. These isolates represent all age groups, countries worldwide, and types of pneumococcal infection. We found PsrP present in at least 50% of all isolates across all determined serotypes and nontypeable (NT) clinical isolates. Using a combination of peptide matching and HMM profiles built on full-length and individual PsrP domains, we identified novel variants that expand PsrP diversity and prevalence. We also observed sequence variability in its basic region (BR) between isolates and serotypes. PsrP has a strong vaccine potential due to its breadth of coverage, especially in nonvaccine serotypes (NVTs) when exploiting its regions of conservation in vaccine design. IMPORTANCE An updated outlook on PsrP prevalence and serotype distribution sheds new light on the comprehensiveness of a PsrP-based protein vaccine. The protein is present in all vaccine serotypes and highly present in the next wave of potentially disease-causing serotypes not included in the current multivalent conjugate vaccines. Furthermore, PsrP is strongly correlated with clinical isolates harboring pneumococcal disease as opposed to pneumococcal carriage. PsrP is also highly present in strains and serotypes from Africa, where the need for a protein-based vaccine is the greatest, giving new reasoning to pursue PsrP as a protein vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Aceil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Aarya Venkat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Fikri Y. Avci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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8
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Chun YY, Tan KS, Yu L, Pang M, Wong MHM, Nakamoto R, Chua WZ, Huee-Ping Wong A, Lew ZZR, Ong HH, Chow VT, Tran T, Yun Wang D, Sham LT. Influence of glycan structure on the colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae on human respiratory epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213584120. [PMID: 36943879 PMCID: PMC10068763 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213584120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually all living cells are encased in glycans. They perform key cellular functions such as immunomodulation and cell-cell recognition. Yet, how their composition and configuration affect their functions remains enigmatic. Here, we constructed isogenic capsule-switch mutants harboring 84 types of capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) in Streptococcus pneumoniae. This collection enables us to systematically measure the affinity of structurally related CPSs to primary human nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. Contrary to the paradigm, the surface charge does not appreciably affect epithelial cell binding. Factors that affect adhesion to respiratory cells include the number of rhamnose residues and the presence of human-like glycomotifs in CPS. Besides, pneumococcal colonization stimulated the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1) in nasal epithelial cells, which also appears to be dependent on the serotype. Together, our results reveal glycomotifs of surface polysaccharides that are likely to be important for colonization and survival in the human airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Yu Chun
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597
| | - Lisa Yu
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- College of Art and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Michelle Pang
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Ming Hui Millie Wong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Rei Nakamoto
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Wan-Zhen Chua
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Amanda Huee-Ping Wong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117593
| | - Zhe Zhang Ryan Lew
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Vincent T. Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Thai Tran
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117593
| | - De Yun Wang
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
| | - Lok-To Sham
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117545
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9
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Falcón-Cama V, Montero-González T, Acosta-Medina EF, Guillen-Nieto G, Berlanga-Acosta J, Fernández-Ortega C, Alfonso-Falcón A, Gilva-Rodríguez N, López-Nocedo L, Cremata-García D, Matos-Terrero M, Pentón-Rol G, Valdés I, Oramas-Díaz L, Suarez-Batista A, Noa-Romero E, Cruz-Sui O, Sánchez D, Borrego-Díaz AI, Valdés-Carreras JE, Vizcaino A, Suárez-Alba J, Valdés-Véliz R, Bergado G, González MA, Hernandez T, Alvarez-Arzola R, Ramírez-Suárez AC, Casillas-Casanova D, Lemos-Pérez G, Blanco-Águila OR, Díaz A, González Y, Bequet-Romero M, Marín-Prida J, Hernández-Perera JC, Del Rosario-Cruz L, Marin-Díaz AP, González-Bravo M, Borrajero I, Acosta-Rivero N. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in postmortem lung, kidney, and liver samples, revealing cellular targets involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Arch Virol 2023; 168:96. [PMID: 36842152 PMCID: PMC9968404 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-host interactions involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, which might contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in postmortem lung, kidney, and liver samples of patients who died with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its relationship with host factors involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, using microscopy-based methods. The cases analyzed showed advanced stages of diffuse acute alveolar damage and fibrosis. We identified the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (NC) in a variety of cells, colocalizing with mitochondrial proteins, lipid droplets (LDs), and key host proteins that have been implicated in inflammation, tissue repair, and the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle (vimentin, NLRP3, fibronectin, LC3B, DDX3X, and PPARγ), pointing to vimentin and LDs as platforms involved not only in the viral life cycle but also in inflammation and pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 isolated from a patient´s nasal swab was grown in cell culture and used to infect hamsters. Target cells identified in human tissue samples included lung epithelial and endothelial cells; lipogenic fibroblast-like cells (FLCs) showing features of lipofibroblasts such as activated PPARγ signaling and LDs; lung FLCs expressing fibronectin and vimentin and macrophages, both with evidence of NLRP3- and IL1β-induced responses; regulatory cells expressing immune-checkpoint proteins involved in lung repair responses and contributing to inflammatory responses in the lung; CD34+ liver endothelial cells and hepatocytes expressing vimentin; renal interstitial cells; and the juxtaglomerular apparatus. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may directly interfere with critical lung, renal, and liver functions involved in COVID-19-pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Falcón-Cama
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba. .,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | | | - Emilio F Acosta-Medina
- Center for Advanced Studies of Cuba, Havana, Cuba. .,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Gerardo Guillen-Nieto
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jorge Berlanga-Acosta
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Celia Fernández-Ortega
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Nathalie Gilva-Rodríguez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lilianne López-Nocedo
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daina Cremata-García
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mariuska Matos-Terrero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Giselle Pentón-Rol
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Iris Valdés
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Leonardo Oramas-Díaz
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Anamarys Suarez-Batista
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Enrique Noa-Romero
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Otto Cruz-Sui
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - José Suárez-Alba
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rodolfo Valdés-Véliz
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gretchen Bergado
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Miguel A González
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tays Hernandez
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rydell Alvarez-Arzola
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Anna C Ramírez-Suárez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Dionne Casillas-Casanova
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gilda Lemos-Pérez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Mónica Bequet-Romero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Alina P Marin-Díaz
- International Orthopedic Scientific Complex 'Frank Pais Garcia', Havana, Cuba
| | - Maritza González-Bravo
- Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Nelson Acosta-Rivero
- Center for Protein Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Habana, Calle 25 entre J e I, #455, Plaza de la Revolucion, 10400, Havana, Cuba. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, INF 344, GO.1, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Platt MP, Lin YH, Penix T, Wiscovitch-Russo R, Vashee I, Mares CA, Rosch JW, Yu Y, Gonzalez-Juarbe N. A multiomics analysis of direct interkingdom dynamics between influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae uncovers host-independent changes to bacterial virulence fitness. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1011020. [PMID: 36542660 PMCID: PMC9815659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For almost a century, it has been recognized that influenza A virus (IAV) infection can promote the development of secondary bacterial infections (SBI) mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). Recent observations have shown that IAV is able to directly bind to the surface of Spn. To gain a foundational understanding of how direct IAV-Spn interaction alters bacterial biological fitness we employed combinatorial multiomic and molecular approaches. RESULTS Here we show IAV significantly remodels the global transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome profiles of Spn independently of host effectors. We identified Spn surface proteins that interact with IAV proteins (hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein, and neuraminidase). In addition, IAV was found to directly modulate expression of Spn virulence determinants such as pneumococcal surface protein A, pneumolysin, and factors associated with antimicrobial resistance among many others. Metabolic pathways were significantly altered leading to changes in Spn growth rate. IAV was also found to drive Spn capsule shedding and the release of pneumococcal surface proteins. Released proteins were found to be involved in evasion of innate immune responses and actively reduced human complement hemolytic and opsonizing activity. IAV also led to phosphorylation changes in Spn proteins associated with metabolism and bacterial virulence. Validation of proteomic data showed significant changes in Spn galactose and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, supplementation with galactose rescued bacterial growth and promoted bacterial invasion, while glucose supplementation led to enhanced pneumolysin production and lung cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Here we demonstrate that IAV can directly modulate Spn biology without the requirement of host effectors and support the notion that inter-kingdom interactions between human viruses and commensal pathobionts can promote bacterial pathogenesis and microbiome dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryann P. Platt
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yi-Han Lin
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Trevor Penix
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rosana Wiscovitch-Russo
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Isha Vashee
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chris A. Mares
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason W. Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yanbao Yu
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Norberto Gonzalez-Juarbe
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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11
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The Group B Streptococcal Adhesin BspC Interacts with Host Cytokeratin 19 To Promote Colonization of the Female Reproductive Tract. mBio 2022; 13:e0178122. [PMID: 36069447 PMCID: PMC9600255 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01781-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, otherwise known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is an opportunistic pathogen that vaginally colonizes approximately one third of healthy women. During pregnancy, this can lead to in utero infection, resulting in premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, and stillbirths. Furthermore, GBS causes serious infection in newborns, including sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. Previous studies have indicated that GBS antigen (Ag) I/II family proteins promote interaction with vaginal epithelial cells; thus, we hypothesized that the Ag I/II Group B streptococcal surface protein C (BspC) contributes to GBS colonization of the female reproductive tract (FRT). Here, we show that a ΔbspC mutant has decreased bacterial adherence to vaginal, ecto-, and endocervical cells, as well as decreased auto-aggregation and biofilm-like formation on cell monolayers. Using a murine model of vaginal colonization, we observed that the ΔbspC mutant strain exhibited a significant fitness defect compared to wild-type (WT) GBS and was less able to ascend to the cervix and uterus in vivo, resulting in reduced neutrophil chemokine signaling. Furthermore, we determined that BspC interacts directly with the host intermediate filament protein cytokeratin 19 (K19). Surface localization of K19 was increased during GBS infection, and interaction was mediated by the BspC variable (V) domain. Finally, mice treated with a drug that targets the BspC V-domain exhibited reduced bacterial loads in the vaginal lumen and reproductive tissues. These results demonstrate the importance of BspC in promoting GBS colonization of the FRT and that it may be targeted therapeutically to reduce GBS vaginal persistence and ascending infection. IMPORTANCE Group B Streptococcus (GBS) asymptomatically colonizes the female reproductive tract (FRT) of up to one third of women, but GBS carriage can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and chorioamnionitis. GBS colonization during pregnancy is also the largest predisposing factor for neonatal GBS disease, including pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. The molecular interactions between bacterial surface proteins and the host cell receptors that promote GBS colonization are vastly understudied, and a better understanding would facilitate development of novel therapeutics to prevent GBS colonization and disease. Here, we characterize the role of the GBS surface protein BspC in colonization of the FRT. We show for the first time that GBS infection induces cytokeratin 19 (K19) surface localization on vaginal epithelial cells; GBS then uses the BspC V-domain to interact with K19 to promote colonization and ascending infection. Furthermore, this interaction can be targeted therapeutically to reduce GBS carriage.
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12
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SssP1, a Fimbria-like component of Streptococcus suis, binds to the vimentin of host cells and contributes to bacterial meningitis. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010710. [PMID: 35853077 PMCID: PMC9337661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is one of the important pathogens that cause bacterial meningitis in pigs and humans. Evading host immune defences and penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are the preconditions for S. suis to cause meningitis, while the underlying mechanisms during these pathogenic processes are not fully understood. By detecting the red blood and white blood cells counts, IL-8 expression, and the pathological injury of brain in a mouse infection model, a serine-rich repeat (SRR) glycoprotein, designated as SssP1, was identified as a critical facilitator in the process of causing meningitis in this study. SssP1 was exported to assemble a fimbria-like component, thus contributed to the bacterial adhesion to and invasion into human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), and activates the host inflammatory response during meningitis but is not involved in the actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and the disruption of tight junctions. Furthermore, the deletion of sssP1 significantly attenuates the ability of S. suis to traverse the BBB in vivo and in vitro. A pull-down analysis identified vimentin as the potential receptors of SssP1 during meningitis and following Far-Western blot results confirmed this ligand-receptor binding mediated by the NR2 (the second nonrepeat region) region of SssP1. The co-localisation of vimentin and S. suis observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy with multiplex fluorescence indicated that vimentin significantly enhances the interaction between SssP1 and BBB. Further study identified that the NR216-781 and NR1711-2214 fragments of SssP1 play critical roles to bind to the BBB depending on the sialylation of vimentin, and this binding is significantly attenuated when the antiserum of NR216-781 or NR1711-2214 blocked the bacterial cells, or the vimentin antibody blocked the BBB. Similar binding attenuations are observed when the bacterial cells were preincubated with the vimentin, or the BBB was preincubated with the recombinant protein NR216-781, NR1711-2214 or sialidase. In conclusion, these results reveal a novel receptor-ligand interaction that enhances adhesion to and penetration of the BBB to cause bacterial meningitis in the S. suis infection and highlight the importance of vimentin in host-pathogen interactions. Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is considered an important zoonotic pathogen capable of causing meningitis in humans. Penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the preconditions for S. suis to cause meningitis, while its underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Here we identified a previously uncharacterised pathogenic mechanism associated with S. suis meningitis mediated by the interaction between bacterial SRR glycoproteins and a host cytoskeletal component. During the bacterial infection, SRR protein SssP1 is exported to assemble a fimbria-like component, which drives a strong binding effect with the BBB depending on the sialylation of vimentin. This interaction contributes to the bacterial adhesion to and penetration of the BBB and induces a robust inflammatory response during meningitis. This overall observation underscores the significance of host cell surface vimentin interactions in microbial pathogenesis and markedly improves our understanding of host barrier penetration during meningitis.
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13
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Aceil J, Avci FY. Pneumococcal Surface Proteins as Virulence Factors, Immunogens, and Conserved Vaccine Targets. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:832254. [PMID: 35646747 PMCID: PMC9133333 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.832254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes over 1 million deaths annually despite the availability of several multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Due to the limitations surrounding PCVs along with an evolutionary rise in antibiotic-resistant and unencapsulated strains, conserved immunogenic proteins as vaccine targets continue to be an important field of study for pneumococcal disease prevention. In this review, we provide an overview of multiple classes of conserved surface proteins that have been studied for their contribution to pneumococcal virulence. Furthermore, we discuss the immune responses observed in response to these proteins and their promise as vaccine targets.
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14
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Abstract
Post-translational modification with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a process referred to as O-GlcNAcylation, occurs on a vast variety of proteins. Mounting evidence in the past several decades has clearly demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation is a unique and ubiquitous modification. Reminiscent of a code, protein O-GlcNAcylation functions as a crucial regulator of nearly all cellular processes studied. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the developments in our understanding of myriad protein substrates modified by O-GlcNAcylation from a systems perspective. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive survey of O-GlcNAcylation in multiple species studied, including eukaryotes (e.g., protists, fungi, plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, murine, and human), prokaryotes, and some viruses. We evaluate features (e.g., structural properties and sequence motifs) of O-GlcNAc modification on proteins across species. Given that O-GlcNAcylation functions in a species-, tissue-/cell-, protein-, and site-specific manner, we discuss the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation on human proteins. We focus particularly on several classes of relatively well-characterized human proteins (including transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and E3 ubiquitin-ligases), with representative O-GlcNAc site-specific functions presented. We hope the systems view of the great endeavor in the past 35 years will help demystify the O-GlcNAc code and lead to more fascinating studies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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15
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Indraratna AD, Everest-Dass A, Skropeta D, Sanderson-Smith M. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6519265. [PMID: 35104861 PMCID: PMC9075583 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host carbohydrates, or glycans, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many bacterial infections. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram-positive bacterium that readily colonises the skin and oropharynx, and is a significant cause of mortality in humans. While the glycointeractions orchestrated by many other pathogens are increasingly well-described, the understanding of the role of human glycans in GAS disease remains incomplete. Although basic investigation into the mechanisms of GAS disease is ongoing, several glycointeractions have been identified and are examined herein. The majority of research in this context has focussed on bacterial adherence, however, glycointeractions have also been implicated in carbohydrate metabolism; evasion of host immunity; biofilm adaptations; and toxin-mediated haemolysis. The involvement of human glycans in these diverse avenues of pathogenesis highlights the clinical value of understanding glycointeractions in combatting GAS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuk D Indraratna
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Keiraville New South Wales 2522, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Keiraville, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Arun Everest-Dass
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Keiraville New South Wales 2522, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Keiraville, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Martina Sanderson-Smith
- Corresponding author: Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Bld 32, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Keiraville, New South Wales, 2522, Australia. Tel: +61 2 42981935; E-mail:
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16
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Hijacking host components for bacterial biofilm formation: An advanced mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108471. [PMID: 34952466 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm is a community of bacteria embedded in the extracellular matrix that accounts for 80% of bacterial infections. Biofilm enables bacterial cells to provide particular conditions and produce virulence determinants in response to the unavailability of micronutrients and local oxygen, resulting in their resistance to various antibacterial agents. Besides, the human immune reactions are not completely competent in the elimination of biofilm. Most importantly, the growing body of evidence shows that some bacterial spp. use a variety of mechanisms by which hijack the host components to form biofilm. In this regard, host components, such as DNA, hyaluronan, collagen, fibronectin, mucin, oligosaccharide moieties, filamentous polymers (F-actin), plasma, platelets, keratin, sialic acid, laminin, vitronectin, C3- and C4- binding proteins, antibody, proteases, factor I, factor H, and acidic proline-rich proteins have been reviewed. Hence, the characterization of interactions between bacterial biofilm and the host would be critical to effectively address biofilm-associated infections. In this paper, we review the latest information on the hijacking of host factors by bacteria to form biofilm.
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17
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Anatomical site-specific carbohydrate availability impacts Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence and fitness during colonization and disease. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0045121. [PMID: 34748366 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00451-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) colonizes the nasopharynx asymptomatically but can also cause severe life-threatening disease. Importantly, stark differences in carbohydrate availability exist between the nasopharynx and invasive disease sites, such as the bloodstream, which most likely impact Spn's behavior. Herein, using chemically-defined media (CDM) supplemented with physiological levels of carbohydrates, we examined how anatomical-site specific carbohydrate availability impacted Spn physiology and virulence. Spn grown in CDM modeling the nasopharynx (CDM-N) had reduced metabolic activity, slower growth rate, demonstrated mixed acid fermentation with marked H2O2 production, and were in a carbon-catabolite repression (CCR)-derepressed state versus Spn grown in CDM modeling blood (CDM-B). Using RNA-seq, we determined the transcriptome for Spn WT and its isogenic CCR deficient mutant in CDM-N and CDM-B. Genes with altered expression as a result of changes in carbohydrate availability or catabolite control protein deficiency, respectively, were primarily involved in carbohydrate metabolism, but also encoded for established virulence determinants such polysaccharide capsule and surface adhesins. We confirmed that anatomical site-specific carbohydrate availability directly influenced established Spn virulence traits. Spn grown in CDM-B formed shorter chains, produced more capsule, were less adhesive, and were more resistant to macrophage killing in an opsonophagocytosis assay. Moreover, growth of Spn in CDM-N or CDM-B prior to the challenge of mice impacted relative fitness in a colonization and invasive disease model, respectively. Thus, anatomical site-specific carbohydrate availability alters Spn physiology and virulence, in turn promoting anatomical-site specific fitness.
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18
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Capsule Promotes Intracellular Survival and Vascular Endothelial Cell Translocation during Invasive Pneumococcal Disease. mBio 2021; 12:e0251621. [PMID: 34634940 PMCID: PMC8510516 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02516-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharide capsule that surrounds Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is one of its most important virulence determinants, serving to protect against phagocytosis. To date, 100 biochemical and antigenically distinct capsule types, i.e., serotypes, of Spn have been identified. Yet how capsule influences pneumococcal translocation across vascular endothelial cells (VEC), a key step in the progression of invasive disease, was unknown. Here, we show that despite capsule being inhibitory of Spn uptake by VEC, capsule enhances the escape rate of internalized pneumococci and thereby promotes translocation. Upon investigation, we determined that capsule protected Spn against intracellular killing by VEC and H2O2-mediated killing in vitro. Using a nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, purified capsule was confirmed as having antioxidant properties which varied according to serotype. Using an 11-member panel of isogenic capsule-switch mutants, we determined that serotype affected levels of Spn resistance to H2O2-mediated killing in vitro, with killing resistance correlated positively with survival duration within VEC, rate of transcytosis to the basolateral surface, and human attack rates. Experiments with mice supported our in vitro findings, with Spn producing oxidative-stress-resistant type 4 capsule being more organ-invasive than that producing oxidative-stress-sensitive type 2 capsule during bacteremia. Capsule-mediated protection against intracellular killing was also observed for Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. We conclude that capsular polysaccharide plays an important role within VEC, serving as an intracellular antioxidant, and that serotype-dependent differences in antioxidant capabilities impact the efficiency of VEC translocation and a serotype’s potential for invasive disease.
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19
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Comparative genomics of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae CC320/271 serotype 19F/19A before the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine in India. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3265-3276. [PMID: 33876375 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multi drug resistant clone CC320 serotype19F/19A and their capsular (cps) antigenic variants due to selective pressures such as vaccine had been reported worldwide. Hence, it is important to identify the prevalent clones, sequence types and cps variants of serotype 19F/19A in India, where PCV13 has been recently introduced. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for all (n = 21) invasive S. pneumoniae isolates of serotype 19A (n = 5) and 19F (n = 16) collected between the years 2012 and 2018 from children less than 5 years. The genome characterization by whole genome sequencing for the Sequence types (STs) 320 and 271(n = 7) were performed and compared with another six Indian WGSs of similar STs available from the GPS platform. The predominant STs in the serotype 19F/19A study isolates were of CC320: ST 320, 236 and 271, associated with PMEN clone Taiwan19F-14. The WGSs of CC320 study isolates showed high genomic similarity to the Taiwan19F-14 clone, and the penicillin binding protein (PBP) amino acid sequence similarity was 100% for PBP1A, 93% for PBP 2B and 2X. Whilst PBP comparison with other global MDR ST320 strains revealed that the ST320 clones in India are of low-level penicillin resistance. The presence of a few ST320/19A/19F invasive isolates with high similarity to the Taiwan clone suggests slow and gradual expansion of Taiwan19F-14 associated CC320 clones in India. Since serotype 19F/19A is covered by PCV13 vaccine, the expansion of 19F/19A cones with non-PCV13 vaccine serotype in India should be monitored.
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20
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Middleton DR, Aceil J, Mustafa S, Paschall AV, Avci FY. Glycosyltransferases within the psrP Locus Facilitate Pneumococcal Virulence. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e00389-20. [PMID: 33468592 PMCID: PMC8088515 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00389-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pneumococcal serine-rich repeat protein (PsrP) is a high-molecular-weight, glycosylated adhesin that promotes the attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae to host cells. PsrP, its associated glycosyltransferases (GTs), and dedicated secretion machinery are encoded in a 37-kb genomic island that is present in many invasive clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae PsrP has been implicated in establishment of lung infection in murine models, although specific roles of the PsrP glycans in disease progression or bacterial physiology have not been elucidated. Moreover, enzymatic specificities of associated glycosyltransferases are yet to be fully characterized. We hypothesized that the glycosyltransferases that modify PsrP are critical for the adhesion properties and infectivity of S. pneumoniae Here, we characterize the putative S. pneumoniaepsrP locus glycosyltransferases responsible for PsrP glycosylation. We also begin to elucidate their roles in S. pneumoniae virulence. We show that four glycosyltransferases within the psrP locus are indispensable for S. pneumoniae biofilm formation, lung epithelial cell adherence, and establishment of lung infection in a mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia.IMPORTANCE PsrP has previously been identified as a necessary virulence factor for many serotypes of S. pneumoniae and studied as a surface glycoprotein. Thus, studying the effects on virulence of each glycosyltransferase (GT) that builds the PsrP glycan is of high importance. Our work elucidates the influence of GTs in vivo We have identified at least four GTs that are required for lung infection, an indication that it is worthwhile to consider glycosylated PsrP as a candidate for serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Middleton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Javid Aceil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Seema Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Fikri Y Avci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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21
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Gaytán MO, Singh AK, Woodiga SA, Patel SA, An SS, Vera-Ponce de León A, McGrath S, Miller AR, Bush JM, van der Linden M, Magrini V, Wilson RK, Kitten T, King SJ. A novel sialic acid-binding adhesin present in multiple species contributes to the pathogenesis of Infective endocarditis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009222. [PMID: 33465168 PMCID: PMC7846122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial binding to platelets is a key step in the development of infective endocarditis (IE). Sialic acid, a common terminal carbohydrate on host glycans, is the major receptor for streptococci on platelets. So far, all defined interactions between streptococci and sialic acid on platelets are mediated by serine-rich repeat proteins (SRRPs). However, we identified Streptococcus oralis subsp. oralis IE-isolates that bind sialic acid but lack SRRPs. In addition to binding sialic acid, some SRRP- isolates also bind the cryptic receptor β-1,4-linked galactose through a yet unknown mechanism. Using comparative genomics, we identified a novel sialic acid-binding adhesin, here named AsaA (associated with sialic acid adhesion A), present in IE-isolates lacking SRRPs. We demonstrated that S. oralis subsp. oralis AsaA is required for binding to platelets in a sialic acid-dependent manner. AsaA comprises a non-repeat region (NRR), consisting of a FIVAR/CBM and two Siglec-like and Unique domains, followed by 31 DUF1542 domains. When recombinantly expressed, Siglec-like and Unique domains competitively inhibited binding of S. oralis subsp. oralis and directly interacted with sialic acid on platelets. We further demonstrated that AsaA impacts the pathogenesis of S. oralis subsp. oralis in a rabbit model of IE. Additionally, we found AsaA orthologues in other IE-causing species and demonstrated that the NRR of AsaA from Gemella haemolysans blocked binding of S. oralis subsp. oralis, suggesting that AsaA contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple IE-causing species. Finally, our findings provide evidence that sialic acid is a key factor for bacterial-platelets interactions in a broader range of species than previously appreciated, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Infective endocarditis (IE) is typically a bacterial infection of the heart valves that causes high mortality. Infective endocarditis can affect people with preexisting lesions on their heart valves (Subacute IE). These lesions contain platelets and other host factors to which bacteria can bind. Growth of bacteria and accumulation of host factors results in heart failure. Therefore, the ability of bacteria to bind platelets is key to the development of IE. Here, we identified a novel bacterial protein, AsaA, which helps bacteria bind to platelets and contributes to the development of disease. Although this virulence factor was characterized in Streptococcus oralis, a leading cause of IE, we demonstrated that AsaA is also present in several other IE-causing bacterial species and is likely relevant to their ability to cause disease. We showed that AsaA binds to sialic acid, a terminal sugar present on platelets, thereby demonstrating that sialic acid serves as a receptor for a wider range of IE-causing bacteria than previously appreciated, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meztlli O. Gaytán
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anirudh K. Singh
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shireen A. Woodiga
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Surina A. Patel
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Seon-Sook An
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Arturo Vera-Ponce de León
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sean McGrath
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anthony R. Miller
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn M. Bush
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark van der Linden
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German National Reference Center for Streptococci, University Hospital (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
| | - Vincent Magrini
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Richard K. Wilson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Todd Kitten
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Samantha J. King
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Luck JN, Tettelin H, Orihuela CJ. Sugar-Coated Killer: Serotype 3 Pneumococcal Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:613287. [PMID: 33425786 PMCID: PMC7786310 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.613287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsular polysaccharide (CPS), which surrounds the bacteria, is one of the most significant and multifaceted contributors to Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence. Capsule prevents entrapment in mucus during colonization, traps water to protect against desiccation, can serve as an energy reserve, and protects the bacterium against complement-mediated opsonization and immune cell phagocytosis. To date, 100 biochemically and serologically distinct capsule types have been identified for S. pneumoniae; 20 to 30 of which have well-defined propensity to cause opportunistic human infection. Among these, serotype 3 is perhaps the most problematic as serotype 3 infections are characterized as having severe clinical manifestations including empyema, bacteremia, cardiotoxicity, and meningitis; consequently, with a fatality rate of 30%-47%. Moreover, serotype 3 resists antibody-mediated clearance despite its inclusion in the current 13-valent conjugate vaccine formulation. This review covers the role of capsule in pneumococcal pathogenesis and the importance of serotype 3 on human disease. We discuss how serotype 3 capsule synthesis and presentation on the bacterial surface is distinct from other serotypes, the biochemical and physiological properties of this capsule type that facilitate its ability to cause disease, and why existing vaccines are unable to confer protection. We conclude with discussion of the clonal properties of serotype 3 and how these have changed since introduction of the 13-valent vaccine in 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Luck
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Carlos J. Orihuela
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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23
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Chan JM, Gori A, Nobbs AH, Heyderman RS. Streptococcal Serine-Rich Repeat Proteins in Colonization and Disease. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:593356. [PMID: 33193266 PMCID: PMC7661464 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins, previously thought to be absent in prokaryotes, is increasingly recognized as important for both bacterial colonization and pathogenesis. For mucosal pathobionts, glycoproteins that function as cell wall-associated adhesins facilitate interactions with mucosal surfaces, permitting persistent adherence, invasion of deeper tissues and transition to disease. This is exemplified by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae, which can switch from being relatively harmless members of the mucosal tract microbiota to bona fide pathogens that cause life-threatening diseases. As part of their armamentarium of virulence factors, streptococci encode a family of large, glycosylated serine-rich repeat proteins (SRRPs) that facilitate binding to various tissue types and extracellular matrix proteins. This minireview focuses on the roles of S. pneumoniae and S. agalactiae SRRPs in persistent colonization and the transition to disease. The potential of utilizing SRRPs as vaccine targets will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Mun Chan
- NIHR Mucosal Pathogens Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Gori
- NIHR Mucosal Pathogens Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela H. Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S. Heyderman
- NIHR Mucosal Pathogens Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Stubbs HE, Bensing BA, Yamakawa I, Sharma P, Yu H, Chen X, Sullam PM, Iverson TM. Tandem sialoglycan-binding modules in a Streptococcus sanguinis serine-rich repeat adhesin create target dependent avidity effects. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14737-14749. [PMID: 32820052 PMCID: PMC7586212 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglec)-like domains of streptococcal serine-rich repeat (SRR) adhesins recognize sialylated glycans on human salivary, platelet, and plasma glycoproteins via a YTRY sequence motif. The SRR adhesin from Streptococcus sanguinis strain SK1 has tandem sialoglycan-binding domains and has previously been shown to bind sialoglycans with high affinity. However, both domains contain substitutions within the canonical YTRY motif, making it unclear how they interact with host receptors. To identify how the S. sanguinis strain SK1 SRR adhesin affects interactions with sialylated glycans and glycoproteins, we determined high-resolution crystal structures of the binding domains alone and with purified trisaccharides. These structural studies determined that the ligands still bind at the noncanonical binding motif, but with fewer hydrogen-bonding interactions to the protein than is observed in structures of other Siglec-like adhesins. Complementary biochemical studies identified that each of the two binding domains has a different selectivity profile. Interestingly, the binding of SK1 to platelets and plasma glycoproteins identified that the interaction to some host targets is dominated by the contribution of one binding domain, whereas the binding to other host receptors is mediated by both binding domains. These results provide insight into outstanding questions concerning the roles of tandem domains in targeting host receptors and suggest mechanisms for how pathogens can adapt to the availability of a range of related but nonidentical host receptors. They further suggest that the definition of the YTRY motif should be changed to ϕTRX, a more rigorous description of this sialic acid-recognition motif given recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E. Stubbs
- Graduate Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barbara A. Bensing
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Izumi Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Paul M. Sullam
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - T. M. Iverson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,For correspondence: T. M. Iverson,
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25
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Schulte T, Sala BM, Nilvebrant J, Nygren PÅ, Achour A, Shernyukov A, Agback T, Agback P. Assigned NMR backbone resonances of the ligand-binding region domain of the pneumococcal serine-rich repeat protein (PsrP-BR) reveal a rigid monomer in solution. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:195-200. [PMID: 32314099 PMCID: PMC7462905 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pneumococcal serine rich repeat protein (PsrP) is displayed on the surface of Streptococcus pneumoniae with a suggested role in colonization in the human upper respiratory tract. Full-length PsrP is a 4000 residue-long multi-domain protein comprising a positively charged functional binding region (BR) domain for interaction with keratin and extracellular DNA during pneumococcal adhesion and biofilm formation, respectively. The previously determined crystal structure of the BR domain revealed a flat compressed barrel comprising two sides with an extended β-sheet on one side, and another β-sheet that is distorted by loops and β-turns on the other side. Crystallographic B-factors indicated a relatively high mobility of loop regions that were hypothesized to be important for binding. Furthermore, the crystal structure revealed an inter-molecular β-sheet formed between edge strands of two symmetry-related molecules, which could promote bacterial aggregation during biofilm formation. Here we report the near complete 15N/13C/1H backbone resonance assignment of the BR domain of PsrP, revealing a secondary structure profile that is almost identical to the X-ray structure. Dynamic 15N-T1, T2 and NOE data suggest a monomeric and rigid structure of BR with disordered residues only at the N- and C-termini. The presented peak assignment will allow us to identify BR residues that are crucial for ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schulte
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedetta Maria Sala
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Protein Engineering, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, and Science for Life Laboratory, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Nilvebrant
- Division of Protein Engineering, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, and Science for Life Laboratory, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Åke Nygren
- Division of Protein Engineering, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, and Science for Life Laboratory, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrey Shernyukov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Magnetic Radiospectroscopy, N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, Lavrentiev ave. 9, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Tatiana Agback
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Agback
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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26
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Iovino F, Merkl P, Spyrogianni A, Henriques-Normark B, Sotiriou GA. Silica-coated phosphorescent nanoprobes for selective cell targeting and dynamic bioimaging of pathogen-host cell interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6989-6992. [PMID: 32441283 PMCID: PMC7116283 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00329h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence in vitro bioimaging suffers from photobleaching of organic dyes, thus, functional probes with superior photostability are urgently needed. Here, we address this challenge by developing novel silica-coated nanophosphors that may serve as superior luminescent nanoprobes compatible with conventional fluorescence microscopes. We specifically explore their suitability for dynamic in vitro bioimaging of interactions between bacterial pathogens and host cells, and further demonstrate the facile surface functionalization of the amorphous silica layer with antibodies for selective cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Iovino
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Guo C, Feng Z, Zuo G, Jiang YL, Zhou CZ, Chen Y, Hou WT. Structural and functional insights into the Asp1/2/3 complex mediated secretion of pneumococcal serine-rich repeat protein PsrP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:784-790. [PMID: 32037091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The accessory sec system consisting of seven conserved components is commonly distributed among pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria for the secretion of serine-rich-repeat proteins (SRRPs). Asp1/2/3 protein complex in the system is responsible for both the O-acetylation of GlcNAc and delivering SRRPs to SecA2. However, the molecular mechanism of how Asp1/2/3 transport SRRPs remains unknown. Here, we report the complex structure of Asp1/2/3 from Streptococcus pneumoniae at 2.9 Å. Further functional assays indicated that Asp1/2/3 can stimulate the ATPase activity of SecA2. In addition, the deletion of asp1/2/3 gene resulted in the accumulation of a secreted version of PsrP with an altered glycoform in protoplast fraction of the mutant cell, which suggested the modification/transport coupling of the substrate. Altogether, these findings not only provide structural basis for further investigations on the transport process of SRRPs, but also uncover the indispensable role of Asp1/2/3 in the accessory sec system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Gang Zuo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Wen-Tao Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
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28
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Abstract
In addition to SecA of the general Sec system, many Gram-positive bacteria, including mycobacteria, express SecA2, a second, transport-associated ATPase. SecA2s can be subdivided into two mechanistically distinct types: (i) SecA2s that are part of the accessory Sec (aSec) system, a specialized transporter mediating the export of a family of serine-rich repeat (SRR) glycoproteins that function as adhesins, and (ii) SecA2s that are part of multisubstrate systems, in which SecA2 interacts with components of the general Sec system, specifically the SecYEG channel, to export multiple types of substrates. Found mainly in streptococci and staphylococci, the aSec system also contains SecY2 and novel accessory Sec proteins (Asps) that are required for optimal export. Asp2 also acetylates glucosamine residues on the SRR domains of the substrate during transport. Targeting of the SRR substrate to SecA2 and the aSec translocon is mediated by a specialized signal peptide. Multisubstrate SecA2 systems are present in mycobacteria, corynebacteria, listeriae, clostridia, and some bacillus species. Although most substrates for this SecA2 have canonical signal peptides that are required for export, targeting to SecA2 appears to depend on structural features of the mature protein. The feature of the mature domains of these proteins that renders them dependent on SecA2 for export may be their potential to fold in the cytoplasm. The discovery of aSec and multisubstrate SecA2 systems expands our appreciation of the diversity of bacterial export pathways. Here we present our current understanding of the mechanisms of each of these SecA2 systems.
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29
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Monoclonal antibody against l-lectin module of SraP blocks adhesion and protects mice against Staphylococcus aureus challenge. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 54:420-428. [PMID: 31706823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE SraP is a serine-rich repeat protein (SRRP) from Staphylococcus aureus that binds to sialylated receptors to promote bacterial adhesion to and invasion into host epithelial cells, mediated by the l-lectin module of its ligand-binding region. METHODS The sequence encoding the L-lectin module of SraP was inserted into pET28a plasmid, and the recombinant protein was purified by His label affinity chromatography. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the l-lectin module was obtained and confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. The effect of the mAb on S. aureus adhesion and invasion was assessed in A549 cells and mice subjected to S. aureus challenge. RESULTS We successfully obtained a mAb against the l-lectin module of SraP. Pre-incubation with the mAb dramatically inhibited the bacteria's ability to adhere to and invade A549 cells. Moreover, mice administered mAb through tail vein injection had significantly fewer bacteria in the blood. CONCLUSION The anti-SraPL-Lectin mAb significantly reduced the adherence and invasion of S. aureus to host cells. This study lays the foundation for the future development of the l-lectin module of SraP as a target for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus infection. Our findings suggest that specific subdomains of SRRPs may represent potential antibacterial drug targets for intervention.
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Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani Produces Monolateral Serine-Rich Repeat Protein Fibrils, One of Which Contributes to Saliva Binding via Sialic Acid. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00406-19. [PMID: 31308084 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00406-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our studies reveal that the oral colonizer and cause of infective endocarditis Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani displays a striking monolateral distribution of surface fibrils. Furthermore, our data suggest that these fibrils impact the structure of adherent bacterial chains. Mutagenesis studies indicate that these fibrils are dependent on three serine-rich repeat proteins (SRRPs), here named fibril-associated protein A (FapA), FapB, and FapC, and that each SRRP forms a different fibril with a distinct distribution. SRRPs are a family of bacterial adhesins that have diverse roles in adhesion and that can bind to different receptors through modular nonrepeat region domains. Amino acid sequence and predicted structural similarity searches using the nonrepeat regions suggested that FapA may contribute to interspecies interactions, that FapA and FapB may contribute to intraspecies interactions, and that FapC may contribute to sialic acid binding. We demonstrate that a fapC mutant was significantly reduced in binding to saliva. We confirmed a role for FapC in sialic acid binding by demonstrating that the parental strain was significantly reduced in adhesion upon addition of a recombinantly expressed, sialic acid-specific, carbohydrate binding module, while the fapC mutant was not reduced. However, mutation of a residue previously shown to be essential for sialic acid binding did not decrease bacterial adhesion, leaving the precise mechanism of FapC-mediated adhesion to sialic acid to be defined. We also demonstrate that the presence of any one of the SRRPs is sufficient for efficient biofilm formation. Similar structures were observed on all infective endocarditis isolates examined, suggesting that this distribution is a conserved feature of this S. oralis subspecies.
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31
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Maekawa A, Arase N, Tamai K, Nomura T, Kiyohara E, Wataya-Kaneda M, Arase H, Katayama I, Fujimoto M. Case of epidermolytic ichthyosis with impairment of pulmonary function and exacerbated skin manifestations in a late middle-aged adult. J Dermatol 2019; 46:e480-e482. [PMID: 31502298 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Maekawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Noriko Arase
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Katsuto Tamai
- Stem Cell Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kiyohara
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mari Wataya-Kaneda
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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32
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Identification of Virulence-Associated Properties by Comparative Genome Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pseudopneumoniae, S. mitis, Three S. oralis Subspecies, and S. infantis. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01985-19. [PMID: 31481387 PMCID: PMC6722419 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01985-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most important human pathogens but is closely related to Streptococcus mitis, with which humans live in harmony. The fact that the two species evolved from a common ancestor provides a unique basis for studies of both infection-associated properties and properties important for harmonious coexistence with the host. By detailed comparisons of genomes of the two species and other related streptococci, we identified 224 genes associated with virulence and 25 genes unique to the mutualistic species. The exclusive presence of the virulence factors in S. pneumoniae enhances their potential as vaccine components, as a direct impact on beneficial members of the commensal microbiota can be excluded. Successful adaptation of S. mitis and other commensal streptococci to a harmonious relationship with the host relied on genetic stability and properties facilitating life in biofilms. From a common ancestor, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mitis evolved in parallel into one of the most important pathogens and a mutualistic colonizer of humans, respectively. This evolutionary scenario provides a unique basis for studies of both infection-associated properties and properties important for harmonious coexistence with the host. We performed detailed comparisons of 60 genomes of S. pneumoniae, S. mitis, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, the three Streptococcus oralis subspecies oralis, tigurinus, and dentisani, and Streptococcus infantis. Nonfunctional remnants of ancestral genes in both S. pneumoniae and in S. mitis support the evolutionary model and the concept that evolutionary changes on both sides were required to reach their present relationship to the host. Confirmed by screening of >7,500 genomes, we identified 224 genes associated with virulence. The striking difference to commensal streptococci was the diversity of regulatory mechanisms, including regulation of capsule production, a significantly larger arsenal of enzymes involved in carbohydrate hydrolysis, and proteins known to interfere with innate immune factors. The exclusive presence of the virulence factors in S. pneumoniae enhances their potential as vaccine components, as a direct impact on beneficial members of the commensal microbiota can be excluded. In addition to loss of these virulence-associated genes, adaptation of S. mitis to a mutualistic relationship with the host apparently required preservation or acquisition of 25 genes lost or absent from S. pneumoniae. Successful adaptation of S. mitis and other commensal streptococci to a harmonious relationship with the host relied on genetic stability and properties facilitating life in biofilms.
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Lees JA, Ferwerda B, Kremer PHC, Wheeler NE, Serón MV, Croucher NJ, Gladstone RA, Bootsma HJ, Rots NY, Wijmega-Monsuur AJ, Sanders EAM, Trzciński K, Wyllie AL, Zwinderman AH, van den Berg LH, van Rheenen W, Veldink JH, Harboe ZB, Lundbo LF, de Groot LCPGM, van Schoor NM, van der Velde N, Ängquist LH, Sørensen TIA, Nohr EA, Mentzer AJ, Mills TC, Knight JC, du Plessis M, Nzenze S, Weiser JN, Parkhill J, Madhi S, Benfield T, von Gottberg A, van der Ende A, Brouwer MC, Barrett JC, Bentley SD, van de Beek D. Joint sequencing of human and pathogen genomes reveals the genetics of pneumococcal meningitis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2176. [PMID: 31092817 PMCID: PMC6520353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common nasopharyngeal colonizer, but can also cause life-threatening invasive diseases such as empyema, bacteremia and meningitis. Genetic variation of host and pathogen is known to play a role in invasive pneumococcal disease, though to what extent is unknown. In a genome-wide association study of human and pathogen we show that human variation explains almost half of variation in susceptibility to pneumococcal meningitis and one-third of variation in severity, identifying variants in CCDC33 associated with susceptibility. Pneumococcal genetic variation explains a large amount of invasive potential (70%), but has no effect on severity. Serotype alone is insufficient to explain invasiveness, suggesting other pneumococcal factors are involved in progression to invasive disease. We identify pneumococcal genes involved in invasiveness including pspC and zmpD, and perform a human-bacteria interaction analysis. These genes are potential candidates for the development of more broadly-acting pneumococcal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Lees
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Bart Ferwerda
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H C Kremer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole E Wheeler
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- The Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mercedes Valls Serón
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Croucher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | | | - Hester J Bootsma
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Y Rots
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Alienke J Wijmega-Monsuur
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Krzysztof Trzciński
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Anne L Wyllie
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands
- Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Zitta B Harboe
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, DK-2300, Denmark
| | - Lene F Lundbo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Amsterdam Public Health, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars H Ängquist
- Center for Clinical Research and Disease Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, DK-2000, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
- The Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1014, Denmark
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tara C Mills
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mignon du Plessis
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Susan Nzenze
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey N Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Shabir Madhi
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, 2192, South Africa
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, 2192, South Africa
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam UMC/RIVM, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Barrett
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Genomics Plc, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1BH, UK
| | - Stephen D Bentley
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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Latousakis D, MacKenzie DA, Telatin A, Juge N. Serine-rich repeat proteins from gut microbes. Gut Microbes 2019; 11:102-117. [PMID: 31035824 PMCID: PMC6973325 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1602428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine-rich repeat proteins (SRRPs) have emerged as an important group of cell surface adhesins found in a growing number of Gram-positive bacteria. Studies focused on SRRPs from streptococci and staphylococci demonstrated that these proteins are O-glycosylated on serine or threonine residues and exported via an accessory secretion (aSec) system. In pathogens, these adhesins contribute to disease pathogenesis and represent therapeutic targets. Recently, the non-canonical aSec system has been identified in the genomes of gut microbes and characterization of their associated SRRPs is beginning to unfold, showing their role in mediating attachment and biofilm formation. Here we provide an update of the occurrence, structure, and function of SRRPs across bacteria, with emphasis on the molecular and biochemical properties of SRRPs from gut symbionts, particularly Lactobacilli. These emerging studies underscore the range of ligands recognized by these adhesins and the importance of SRRP glycosylation in the interaction of gut microbes with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Latousakis
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Donald A. MacKenzie
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrea Telatin
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Latousakis D, Nepravishta R, Rejzek M, Wegmann U, Le Gall G, Kavanaugh D, Colquhoun IJ, Frese S, MacKenzie DA, Walter J, Angulo J, Field RA, Juge N. Serine-rich repeat protein adhesins from Lactobacillus reuteri display strain specific glycosylation profiles. Glycobiology 2019; 29:45-58. [PMID: 30371779 PMCID: PMC6291802 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri is a gut symbiont inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of numerous vertebrates. The surface-exposed serine-rich repeat protein (SRRP) is a major adhesin in Gram-positive bacteria. Using lectin and sugar nucleotide profiling of wild-type or L. reuteri isogenic mutants, MALDI-ToF-MS, LC-MS and GC-MS analyses of SRRPs, we showed that L. reuteri strains 100-23C (from rodent) and ATCC 53608 (from pig) can perform protein O-glycosylation and modify SRRP100-23 and SRRP53608 with Hex-Glc-GlcNAc and di-GlcNAc moieties, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo glycoengineering in E. coli led to glycosylation of SRRP53608 variants with α-GlcNAc and GlcNAcβ(1→6)GlcNAcα moieties. The glycosyltransferases involved in the modification of these adhesins were identified within the SecA2/Y2 accessory secretion system and their sugar nucleotide preference determined by saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning fluorimetry. Together, these findings provide novel insights into the cellular O-protein glycosylation pathways of gut commensal bacteria and potential routes for glycoengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Latousakis
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ridvan Nepravishta
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Udo Wegmann
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Gwenaelle Le Gall
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Devon Kavanaugh
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ian J Colquhoun
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Donald A MacKenzie
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jesus Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Spencer C, Bensing BA, Mishra NN, Sullam PM. Membrane trafficking of the bacterial adhesin GspB and the accessory Sec transport machinery. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1502-1515. [PMID: 30514759 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine-rich repeat (SRR) glycoproteins of Gram-positive bacteria are large, cell wall-anchored adhesins that mediate binding to many host cells and proteins and are associated with bacterial virulence. SRR glycoproteins are exported to the cell surface by the accessory Sec (aSec) system comprising SecA2, SecY2, and 3-5 additional proteins (Asp1 to Asp5) that are required for substrate export. These adhesins typically have a 90-amino acid-long signal peptide containing an elongated N-region and a hydrophobic core. Previous studies of GspB (the SRR adhesin of Streptococcus gordonii) have shown that a glycine-rich motif in its hydrophobic core is essential for selective, aSec-mediated transport. However, the role of this extended N-region in transport is poorly understood. Here, using protein-lipid co-flotation assays and site-directed mutagenesis, we report that the N-region of the GspB signal peptide interacts with anionic lipids through electrostatic forces and that this interaction is necessary for GspB preprotein trafficking to lipid membranes. Moreover, we observed that protein-lipid binding is required for engagement of GspB with SecA2 and for aSec-mediated transport. We further found that SecA2 and Asp1 to Asp3 also localize selectively to liposomes that contain anionic lipids. These findings suggest that the GspB signal peptide electrostatically binds anionic lipids at the cell membrane, where it encounters SecA2. After SecA2 engagement with the signal peptide, Asp1 to Asp3 promote SecA2 engagement with the mature domain, which activates GspB translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra Spencer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Barbara A Bensing
- Division of Infectious Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Nagendra N Mishra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Paul M Sullam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143.
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Bjarnsholt T, Buhlin K, Dufrêne YF, Gomelsky M, Moroni A, Ramstedt M, Rumbaugh KP, Schulte T, Sun L, Åkerlund B, Römling U. Biofilm formation - what we can learn from recent developments. J Intern Med 2018; 284:332-345. [PMID: 29856510 PMCID: PMC6927207 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although biofilms have been observed early in the history of microbial research, their impact has only recently been fully recognized. Biofilm infections, which contribute to up to 80% of human microbial infections, are associated with common human disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and poor dental hygiene, but also with medical implants. The associated chronic infections such as wound infections, dental caries and periodontitis significantly enhance morbidity, affect quality of life and can aid development of follow-up diseases such as cancer. Biofilm infections remain challenging to treat and antibiotic monotherapy is often insufficient, although some rediscovered traditional compounds have shown surprising efficiency. Innovative anti-biofilm strategies include application of anti-biofilm small molecules, intrinsic or external stimulation of production of reactive molecules, utilization of materials with antimicrobial properties and dispersion of biofilms by digestion of the extracellular matrix, also in combination with physical biofilm breakdown. Although basic principles of biofilm formation have been deciphered, the molecular understanding of the formation and structural organization of various types of biofilms has just begun to emerge. Basic studies of biofilm physiology have also resulted in an unexpected discovery of cyclic dinucleotide second messengers that are involved in interkingdom crosstalk via specific mammalian receptors. These findings even open up new venues for exploring novel anti-biofilm strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Buhlin
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Facial Diagnostics and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Y F Dufrêne
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Gomelsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - A Moroni
- Department of Biology and CNR-Istituto di Biofisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M Ramstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K P Rumbaugh
- Departments of Surgery & Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - T Schulte
- Department of Medicine Solna, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Åkerlund
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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GtfA Interacting with GtfB is Required for PsrP Glycosylation in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.68982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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SssP1, a Streptococcus suis Fimbria-Like Protein Transported by the SecY2/A2 System, Contributes to Bacterial Virulence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01385-18. [PMID: 30030221 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01385-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important Gram-positive pathogen in the swine industry and is an emerging zoonotic pathogen for humans. In our previous work, we found a virulent S. suis strain, CZ130302, belonging to a novel serotype, Chz, to be associated with acute meningitis in piglets. However, its underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete genomes of three Chz serotype strains, including strain CZ130302 and two avirulent strains, HN136 and AH681. By genome comparison, we found two putative genomic islands (GIs) uniquely encoded in strain CZ130302 and designated them 50K GI and 58K GI. In mouse infection model, the deletion of 50K and 58K GIs caused 270-fold and 3-fold attenuation of virulence, respectively. Notably, we identified a complete SecY2/A2 system, coupled with its secretory protein SssP1 encoded in the 50K GI, which contributed to the pathogenicity of strain CZ130302. Immunogold electron microscopy and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that SssP1 could form fimbria-like structures that extend outward from the bacterial cell surface. The sssP1 mutation also attenuated bacterial adherence in human laryngeal epithelial (HEp-2) cells and human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs) compared with the wild type. Furthermore, we showed that two analogous Ig-like subdomains of SssP1 have sialic acid binding capacities. In conclusion, our results revealed that the 50K GI and the inside SecY2/A2 system gene cluster are related to the virulence of strain CZ130302, and we clarified a new S. suis pathogenesis mechanism mediated by the secretion protein SssP1.IMPORTANCE Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen. Here, we managed to identify key factors to clarify the virulence of S. suis strain CZ130302 from a novel serotype, Chz. Notably, it was shown that a fimbria-like structure was significantly connected to the pathogenicity of the CZ130302 strain by comparative genomics analysis and animal infection assays. The mechanisms of how the CZ130302 strain constructs these fimbria-like structures in the cell surface by genes encoding and production transport were subsequently elucidated. Biosynthesis of the fimbria-like structure was achieved by the production of SssP1 glycoproteins, and its construction was dependent on the SecA2/Y2 secretion system. This study identified a visible fimbria-like protein, SssP1, participating in adhesion to host cells and contributing to the virulence in S. suis These findings will promote a better understanding of the pathogenesis of S. suis.
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Cross BW, Ruhl S. Glycan recognition at the saliva - oral microbiome interface. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:19-33. [PMID: 30274839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mouth is a first critical interface where most potentially harmful substances or pathogens contact the host environment. Adaptive and innate immune defense mechanisms are established there to inactivate or eliminate pathogenic microbes that traverse the oral environment on the way to their target organs and tissues. Protein and glycoprotein components of saliva play a particularly important role in modulating the oral microbiota and helping with the clearance of pathogens. It has long been acknowledged that glycobiological and glycoimmunological aspects play a pivotal role in oral host-microbe, microbe-host, and microbe-microbe interactions in the mouth. In this review, we aim to delineate how glycan-mediated host defense mechanisms in the oral cavity support human health. We will describe the role of glycans attached to large molecular size salivary glycoproteins which act as a first line of primordial host defense in the human mouth. We will further discuss how glycan recognition contributes to both colonization and clearance of oral microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Cross
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Ruhl
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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41
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Bensing BA, Li Q, Park D, Lebrilla CB, Sullam PM. Streptococcal Siglec-like adhesins recognize different subsets of human plasma glycoproteins: implications for infective endocarditis. Glycobiology 2018; 28:601-611. [PMID: 29796594 PMCID: PMC6054165 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis are typically found among the normal oral microbiota but can also cause infective endocarditis. These organisms express cell surface serine-rich repeat adhesins containing "Siglec-like" binding regions (SLBRs) that mediate attachment to α2-3-linked sialic acids on human glycoproteins. Two known receptors for the Siglec-like adhesins are the salivary mucin MG2/MUC7 and platelet GPIbα, and the interaction of streptococci with these targets may contribute to oral colonization and endocarditis, respectively. The SLBRs display a surprising diversity of preferences for defined glycans, ranging from highly selective to broader specificity. In this report, we characterize the glycoproteins in human plasma recognized by four SLBRs that prefer different α2-3 sialoglycan structures. We found that the SLBRs recognize a surprisingly small subset of plasma proteins that are extensively O-glycosylated. The preferred plasma protein ligands for a sialyl-T antigen-selective SLBR are proteoglycan 4 (lubricin) and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4. Conversely, the preferred ligand for a 3'sialyllactosamine-selective SLBR is glycocalicin (the extracellular portion of platelet GPIbα). All four SLBRs recognize C1 inhibitor but detect distinctly different glycoforms of this key regulator of the complement and kallikrein protease cascades. The four plasma ligands have potential roles in thrombosis and inflammation, and each has been cited as a biomarker for one or more vascular or other diseases. The combined results suggest that the interaction of Siglec-like adhesins with different subsets of plasma glycoproteins could have a significant impact on the propensity of streptococci to establish endocardial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Bensing
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dayoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul M Sullam
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Žemličková H, Mališová L, Španělová P, Jakubů V, Kozáková J, Musílek M, Medvecký M. Molecular characterization of serogroup 19 Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Czech Republic in the post-vaccine era. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1003-1011. [PMID: 29856703 PMCID: PMC6152367 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The aim of this study was to characterize serogroup 19 isolates resistant to macrolides and/or penicillin found among pneumococci recovered from cases of invasive and respiratory tract disease in the Czech Republic in 2014.Methods. Pneumococcal isolates of serotypes 19A (n=26) and 19F (n=10) that were non-susceptible to penicillin and/or macrolides and had been collected in 2014 were analysed using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Four isolates representing the major clones were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS).Results. The penicillin-susceptible macrolide-resistant isolates of serotype 19A were mainly associated with sequence type (ST) 416 belonging to clonal complex (CC) 199, and the penicillin-resistant isolates were of serotype 19F belonging to ST1464 (CC 320). WGS revealed the presence of pilus 1, in association with pilus 2, in serotype19F isolates belonging to CC 320. Another adhesin, pneumococcal serine-rich protein (PsrP), was only present in serotype 19A isolates of ST416. Analysis of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of serotype 19F penicillin-resistant isolates (ST1464 and ST271) performed on PBP1a, 2b and 2x identified a large number of mutations in comparison to the reference strain, R6. Both isolates contained a unique PBP profile; however, they were highly similar to PBP sequences of the Taiwan19F-14 reference strain. The Pbp2b sequences of both 19F isolates showed the lowest similarity to those of the Taiwan19F-14 strain (91 % similarity), while they were also found to be distantly related to each other (94 % similarity).Conclusions. WGS revealed specific virulence factors in antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal clones that spread rapidly in the post-vaccine era in the Czech Republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Žemličková
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Mališová
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Španělová
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Jakubů
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kozáková
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Musílek
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
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43
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Brooks LRK, Mias GI. Streptococcus pneumoniae's Virulence and Host Immunity: Aging, Diagnostics, and Prevention. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1366. [PMID: 29988379 PMCID: PMC6023974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an infectious pathogen responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Diseases caused by this bacterium are classified as pneumococcal diseases. This pathogen colonizes the nasopharynx of its host asymptomatically, but overtime can migrate to sterile tissues and organs and cause infections. Pneumonia is currently the most common pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal pneumonia is a global health concern and vastly affects children under the age of five as well as the elderly and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. S. pneumoniae has a large selection of virulence factors that promote adherence, invasion of host tissues, and allows it to escape host immune defenses. A clear understanding of S. pneumoniae's virulence factors, host immune responses, and examining the current techniques available for diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention will allow for better regulation of the pathogen and its diseases. In terms of disease prevention, other considerations must include the effects of age on responses to vaccines and vaccine efficacy. Ongoing work aims to improve on current vaccination paradigms by including the use of serotype-independent vaccines, such as protein and whole cell vaccines. Extending our knowledge of the biology of, and associated host immune response to S. pneumoniae is paramount for our improvement of pneumococcal disease diagnosis, treatment, and improvement of patient outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavida R. K. Brooks
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - George I. Mias
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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44
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Protasova IN, Wan TW, Bakhareva NV, Hung WC, Higuchi W, Iwao Y, Yelistratova TA, Ilyenkova NA, Sokolovskaya YS, Martynova GP, Reva IV, Reva GV, Sidorenko SV, Teng LJ, Peryanova OV, Salmina AB, Yamamoto T. Molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly serotype19A/ST320, which emerged in Krasnoyarsk, Russia. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 61:359-370. [PMID: 28736993 PMCID: PMC5639370 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common human pathogen, colonizes the nasopharynx and causes diseases including acute otitis media (AOM). Herein, pneumococcal serotype distributions in children before and after PCV7 vaccination and in patients with pneumococcal disease in Siberian Russia (Krasnoyarsk) are reported. Analyses included antimicrobial susceptibility testing, sequence typing (ST), pulsed field gel electrophoresis, virulence‐related surface protein gene (VSG) typing with novel primers and structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy. In healthy children (HC) prior to administration of PCV7, drug‐susceptible serotype23F/ST1500 was a major pneumococcal genotype. In the PCV7 trial, multidrug‐resistant serotype19A/ST320 emerged in vaccinees after PCV7, exhibiting a PCV7‐induced serotype replacement. Multidrug‐resistant serotype19A/ST320 was evident in patients with AOM. Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) isolates showed genetic similarities to the AOM (ST320) genotype, constituting a common non‐invasive AOM–CAP group. In contrast, meningitis isolates were more divergent. Overall, 25 ST types were identified; five (20%) of which were Krasnoyarsk‐native. Regarding VSGs, PI‐1 (rlrA/rrgB), PI‐2 (pitA/B), psrP and cbpA were present at 54.3%, 38.6%, 48.6%, and 95.7%, respectively, with two major VSG content types, PI‐1−/PI‐2−/psrP+/cbpA+ and PI‐1+/PI‐2+/psrP‐/cbpA+, being found for HC and non‐invasive diseases, respectively. A major clone of serotype19A/ST320 (PI‐1+/PI‐2+) produced the longest pneumococcal wire (pilus) structures in colonies. ST1016 (PI‐1−/PI‐2−) in HC had HEp‐2 cell‐adherent pili. These results suggest that serotype19A/ST320 and related genotypes, with the VSG content type PI‐1+/PI‐2+/psrP−/cbpA+, emerged in vaccinees after PCV7 in Siberia, accompanying diseases in non‐vaccinated children, and that some genotypes (serotypes19A/ST320 and 18/ST1016) produced novel pneumococcal structures, predicting their roles in colony formation and adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N Protasova
- Russia-Japan Center of Microbiology, Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Department of Microbiology Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research, Center Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsai-Wen Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research, Center Niigata, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Chun Hung
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research, Center Niigata, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wataru Higuchi
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Iwao
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research, Center Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Galina P Martynova
- Department of Children Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ivan V Reva
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research, Center Niigata, Japan.,Department of Clinical and Fundamental Medicine, Far Eastern Federal University School of Biomedicine, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Galina V Reva
- Department of Clinical and Fundamental Medicine, Far Eastern Federal University School of Biomedicine, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey V Sidorenko
- Research Institute of Children Infections of Federal State Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg
| | - Lee-Jene Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Olga V Peryanova
- Russia-Japan Center of Microbiology, Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Department of Microbiology Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla B Salmina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Russia-Japan Center of Microbiology, Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research, Center Niigata, Japan
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45
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Structural basis for the role of serine-rich repeat proteins from Lactobacillus reuteri in gut microbe-host interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2706-E2715. [PMID: 29507249 PMCID: PMC5866549 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715016115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria play a key role in health and disease, but the molecular mechanisms underpinning their interaction with the host remain elusive. The serine-rich repeat proteins (SRRPs) are a family of adhesins identified in many Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. We previously showed that beneficial bacterial species found in the gut also express SRRPs and that SRRP was required for the ability of Lactobacillus reuteri strain to colonize mice. Here, our structural and biochemical data reveal that L. reuteri SRRP adopts a β-solenoid fold not observed in other structurally characterized SRRPs and functions as an adhesin via a pH-dependent mechanism, providing structural insights into the role of these adhesins in biofilm formation of gut symbionts. Lactobacillus reuteri, a Gram-positive bacterial species inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, displays remarkable host adaptation. Previous mutational analyses of rodent strain L. reuteri 100-23C identified a gene encoding a predicted surface-exposed serine-rich repeat protein (SRRP100-23) that was vital for L. reuteri biofilm formation in mice. SRRPs have emerged as an important group of surface proteins on many pathogens, but no structural information is available in commensal bacteria. Here we report the 2.00-Å and 1.92-Å crystal structures of the binding regions (BRs) of SRRP100-23 and SRRP53608 from L. reuteri ATCC 53608, revealing a unique β-solenoid fold in this important adhesin family. SRRP53608-BR bound to host epithelial cells and DNA at neutral pH and recognized polygalacturonic acid (PGA), rhamnogalacturonan I, or chondroitin sulfate A at acidic pH. Mutagenesis confirmed the role of the BR putative binding site in the interaction of SRRP53608-BR with PGA. Long molecular dynamics simulations showed that SRRP53608-BR undergoes a pH-dependent conformational change. Together, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of SRRPs in host–microbe interactions and open avenues of research into the use of biofilm-forming probiotics against clinically important pathogens.
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46
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Couvigny B, Lapaque N, Rigottier-Gois L, Guillot A, Chat S, Meylheuc T, Kulakauskas S, Rohde M, Mistou MY, Renault P, Doré J, Briandet R, Serror P, Guédon E. Three glycosylated serine-rich repeat proteins play a pivotal role in adhesion and colonization of the pioneer commensal bacterium,Streptococcus salivarius. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3579-3594. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Couvigny
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Nicolas Lapaque
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Lionel Rigottier-Gois
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Alain Guillot
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Sophie Chat
- INRA, Plateforme MIMA2; Jouy-en-josas France
| | - Thierry Meylheuc
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas France
- INRA, Plateforme MIMA2; Jouy-en-josas France
| | - Saulius Kulakauskas
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Manfred Rohde
- HZI, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Michel-Yves Mistou
- Laboratory for Food Safety; Université Paris-Est, ANSES; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - Pierre Renault
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Joel Doré
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Romain Briandet
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Pascale Serror
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Eric Guédon
- STLO, UMR1253, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes France
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47
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Zhu F, Zhang H, Yang T, Haslam SM, Dell A, Wu H. Engineering and Dissecting the Glycosylation Pathway of a Streptococcal Serine-rich Repeat Adhesin. J Biol Chem 2017; 291:27354-27363. [PMID: 28039332 PMCID: PMC5207161 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine-rich repeat glycoproteins (SRRPs) are conserved in Gram-positive bacteria. They are crucial for modulating biofilm formation and bacterial-host interactions. Glycosylation of SRRPs plays a pivotal role in the process; thus understanding the glycosyltransferases involved is key to identifying new therapeutic drug targets. The glycosylation of Fap1, an SRRP of Streptococcus parasanguinis, is mediated by a gene cluster consisting of six genes: gtf1, gtf2, gly, gtf3, dGT1, and galT2. Mature Fap1 glycan possesses the sequence of Rha1–3Glc1-(Glc1–3GlcNAc1)-2,6-Glc1–6GlcNAc. Gtf12, Gtf3, and dGT1 are responsible for the first four steps of the Fap1 glycosylation, catalyzing the transfer of GlcNAc, Glc, Glc, and GlcNAc residues to the protein backbone sequentially. The role of GalT2 and Gly in the Fap1 glycosylation is unknown. In the present study, we synthesized the fully modified Fap1 glycan in Escherichia coli by incorporating all six genes from the cluster. This study represents the first reconstitution of an exogenous stepwise O-glycosylation synthetic pathway in E. coli. In addition, we have determined that GalT2 mediates the fifth step of the Fap1 glycosylation by adding a rhamnose residue, and Gly mediates the final glycosylation step by transferring glucosyl residues. Furthermore, inactivation of each glycosyltransferase gene resulted in differentially impaired biofilms of S. parasanguinis, demonstrating the importance of Fap1 glycosylation in the biofilm formation. The Fap1 glycosylation system offers an excellent model to engineer glycans using different permutations of glycosyltransferases and to investigate biosynthetic pathways of SRRPs because SRRP genetic loci are highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhu
- From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and.,Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35244 and
| | - Hua Zhang
- From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and
| | - Tiandi Yang
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Wu
- From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and .,Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35244 and
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48
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Lizcano A, Akula Suresh Babu R, Shenoy AT, Saville AM, Kumar N, D'Mello A, Hinojosa CA, Gilley RP, Segovia J, Mitchell TJ, Tettelin H, Orihuela CJ. Transcriptional organization of pneumococcal psrP-secY2A2 and impact of GtfA and GtfB deletion on PsrP-associated virulence properties. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:323-333. [PMID: 28408270 PMCID: PMC5581956 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pneumococcal serine-rich repeat protein (PsrP) is a glycoprotein that mediates Streptococcus pneumoniae attachment to lung cells and promotes biofilm formation. Herein, we investigated the transcriptional organization of psrP-secY2A2, the 37-kbp pathogenicity island encoding PsrP and its accessory genes. PCR amplification of cDNA and RNA-seq analysis found psrP-secY2A2 to be minimally composed of three operons: psrP-glyA, glyB, and glyC-asp5. Transcription of all three operons was greatest during biofilm growth and immunoblot analyses confirmed increased PsrP production by biofilm pneumococci. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry we identified monomeric N-acetylglucosamine as the primary glycoconjugate present on a recombinant intracellular version of PsrP, i.e. PsrP1-734. This finding was validated by immunoblot using lectins with known carbohydrate specificities. We subsequently deleted gtfA and gtfB, the GTFs thought to be responsible for addition of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, and tested for PsrP and its associated virulence properties. These deletions negatively affected our ability to detect PsrP1-734 in bacterial whole cell lysates. Moreover, S. pneumoniae mutants lacking these genes pheno-copied the psrP mutant and were attenuated for: biofilm formation, adhesion to lung epithelial cells, and pneumonia in mice. Our studies identify the transcriptional organization of psrP-secY2A2 and show the indispensable role of GtfA and GtfB on PsrP-mediated pneumococcal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anel Lizcano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ramya Akula Suresh Babu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Anukul T Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alison Maren Saville
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Nikhil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Adonis D'Mello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Cecilia A Hinojosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ryan P Gilley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jesus Segovia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Timothy J Mitchell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Carlos J Orihuela
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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49
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Bandara M, Skehel JM, Kadioglu A, Collinson I, Nobbs AH, Blocker AJ, Jenkinson HF. The accessory Sec system (SecY2A2) in Streptococcus pneumoniae is involved in export of pneumolysin toxin, adhesion and biofilm formation. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:402-412. [PMID: 28456649 PMCID: PMC5526788 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4, genes encoding a SecY2A2 accessory Sec system are present within a locus encoding a serine-rich repeat surface protein PsrP. Mutant strains deleted in secA2 or psrP were deficient in biofilm formation, while the ΔsecA2 mutant was reduced in binding to airway epithelial cells. Cell wall protein (CWP) fractions from the ΔsecA2 mutant, but not from the ΔpsrP mutant, were reduced in haemolytic (pneumolysin) activity. Contact-dependent pneumolysin (Ply) activity of wild type TIGR4 cells was ten-fold greater than that of ΔsecA2 mutant cells suggesting that Ply was not active at the ΔsecA2 cell surface. Ply protein was found to be present in the CWP fraction from the ΔsecA2 mutant, but showed aberrant electrophoretic migration indicative of protein modification. Proteomic analyses led to the discovery that the ΔsecA2 mutant CWP fraction was deficient in two glycosidases as well as other enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Taken collectively the results suggest that positioning of Ply into the cell wall compartment in active form, together with glycosyl hydrolases and adhesins, requires a functional accessory Sec system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaila Bandara
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK; School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - J Mark Skehel
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Aras Kadioglu
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Ian Collinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Ariel J Blocker
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Howard F Jenkinson
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
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50
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Jiang YL, Jin H, Yang HB, Zhao RL, Wang S, Chen Y, Zhou CZ. Defining the enzymatic pathway for polymorphic O-glycosylation of the pneumococcal serine-rich repeat protein PsrP. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6213-6224. [PMID: 28246170 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-glycosylation is an important post-translational modification in all organisms, but deciphering the specific functions of these glycans is difficult due to their structural complexity. Understanding the glycosylation of mucin-like proteins presents a particular challenge as they are modified numerous times with both the enzymes involved and the glycosylation patterns being poorly understood. Here we systematically explored the O-glycosylation pathway of a mucin-like serine-rich repeat protein PsrP from the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4. Previous works have assigned the function of 3 of the 10 glycosyltransferases thought to modify PsrP, GtfA/B, and Gtf3 as catalyzing the first two reactions to form a unified disaccharide core structure. We now use in vivo and in vitro glycosylation assays combined with hydrolytic activity assays to identify the glycosyltransferases capable of decorating this core structure in the third and fourth steps of glycosylation. Specifically, the full-length GlyE and GlyG proteins and the GlyD DUF1792 domain participate in both steps, whereas full-length GlyA and the GlyD GT8 domain catalyze only the fourth step. Incorporation of different sugars to the disaccharide core structure at multiple sites along the serine-rich repeats results in a highly polymorphic product. Furthermore, crystal structures of apo- and UDP-complexed GlyE combined with structural analyses reveal a novel Rossmann-fold "add-on" domain that we speculate to function as a universal module shared by GlyD, GlyE, and GlyA to forward the peptide acceptor from one enzyme to another. These findings define the complete glycosylation pathway of a bacterial glycoprotein and offer a testable hypothesis of how glycosyltransferase coordination facilitates glycan assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Jiang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hua Jin
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hong-Bo Yang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Rong-Li Zhao
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and.,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Shiliang Wang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and
| | - Yuxing Chen
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and .,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and .,Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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