1
|
Graham JL, Staudt M, Buatois B, Caro SP. Developing Oak Buds Produce Volatile Emissions in Response to Herbivory by Freshly Hatched Caterpillars. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01520-y. [PMID: 38949747 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant responses to damage by insectivorous herbivores are well-documented in mature leaves. The resulting herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) protect the plant by attracting carnivorous arthropods and even some insectivorous vertebrates, to parasitize or consume the plant invaders. However, very little is known about plant production of HIPVs in developing buds, particularly when herbivorous insects are too small to be considered a prey item. It is additionally unclear whether plants respond differently to generalist and specialist chewing insects that overlap in distribution. Therefore, we compared HIPV production of Downy oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) buds infested with freshly hatched caterpillars of Tortrix viridana (specialist) and Operophtera brumata (generalist), against uninfested buds. Of the compounds identified in both years of the experiment, we found that (Z)-hex-3-enyl acetate, (E)-β-ocimene, acetophenone, linalool, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), methyl salicylate, α-copaene, α-humulene, (E)-caryophyllene, and (E,E)-α-farnesene appeared to be higher in infested buds compared to controls. We found no difference in HIPV production between the specialist and the generalist herbivores. Production of HIPVs was also associated with leaf damage, with higher HIPV production in more severely attacked buds. Thus, our study shows that oak trees already start responding to insect herbivory before leaves are developed, by producing compounds similar to those found in damaged mature leaves. Future work should focus on how Downy oak may benefit from initiating alarm cues at a time when carnivorous arthropods and insectivorous vertebrates are unable to use herbivorous insects as host or food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Graham
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- School of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, 57799, USA
| | - Michael Staudt
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Buatois
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Samuel P Caro
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Michereff MFF, Magalhães DM, do Nascimento IN, Laumann RA, Borges M, Withall DM, Birkett MA, Blassioli-Moraes MC. Attracting Scelionidae egg parasitoids to enhance stink bug egg parasitisation in soybean crops using methyl salicylate and (E,E)-α-farnesene. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38942611 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a crucial role in mediating interactions between plants, herbivores and natural enemies. Among these VOCs, methyl salicylate and (E,E)-α-farnesene are emitted as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) by soybean plants in response to feeding by the brown stink bug Eushistus heros. These HIPVs function as synomones, influencing the foraging behaviour of the egg parasitoid, Telenomus podisi, the main natural enemy of E. heros, one of the major soybean pests in Brazil. RESULTS Laboratory experiments showed that two soybean cultivars, BRS 7580 and BRS 7880, produced similar qualitative blends of HIPVs, with methyl salicylate, (E,E)-α-farnesene and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate being produced by both cultivars. Soybean cultivar BRS 7580 produced a significant lower amount of HIPVs compared to BRS 7880 but this difference did not affect the attractiveness of the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi. Field experiments using these two cultivars and synthetic applications of methyl salicylate and (E,E)-α-farnesene showed a substantial increase in egg parasitism in all treated areas. Parasitism rates ranged from 50% to 80% in areas where these HIPVs were deployed, compared to only 10% in untreated control areas. CONCLUSIONS The egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi demonstrated an adept ability in recognising between HIPVs in soybean blends, even in the presence of significant quantitative differences. The results from the field experiment showed the potential of HIPVs in attracting natural enemies to specific target areas within fields. (E,E)-α-Farnesene showed an improved action during the later stages of soybean growth, notably at R6. In addition, this volatile attracted other families of natural enemies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raúl Alberto Laumann
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Miguel Borges
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adak T, Mahanty A, Jena S, Gadratagi BG, Patil N, Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi G, Annamalai M, Golive P, Rath PC. Volatolomics to Decrypt the Monophagous Nature of a Rice Pest, Scirpophaga Incertulas (Walker). J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01498-7. [PMID: 38637418 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, yellow stem borer, YSB) is a monophagous insect pest that causes significant yield loss in rice (Oryza staiva L.). Semiochemical based pest management is being sought as an alternate to chemical pesticides to reduce pesticide footprints. We hypothesized differential release of volatiles from host rice and two companion non-host weeds, Echinochloa colona and Echinochloa crus-galli could be responsible for oviposition and biology of YSB and these chemicals could be used for YSB management. Number of eggs laid, and number of larvae hatched were significantly higher in rice plant as compared to weeds. YSB could only form dead hearts in rice plants. YSB significantly preferred host-plant volatiles compared to the non-host plants both in choice and no-choice tests in an Y-tube olfactometer. 2-Hexenal, hexanal, 2,4-hexadienal, benzaldehyde, nonanal, methyl salicylate and decanal were found in the leaf volatolomes of both the host and non-host plants in HS-SPME-GC-MS (Headspace-Solid phase micro extraction-Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometer). Pentene-3-one, 2-pentyl furan, 2,4-heptadienal, 2-octenal, 2-octenol and menthol were present only in the non-host plants. Fourteen rice unique compounds were also detected. The built-in PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and PLS-DA (Partial least squares-discriminant analysis) analysis in the MS-DIAL tool showed that the volatiles emitted from TN1 formed a cluster distinct from Echinochloa spp. and 2-octenal was identified as a unique compound. Olfactometer bioassays using synthetic compounds showed that rice unique compounds, like xylene, hexanal served as attractants whereas non-host unique compounds, like 2-pentylfuran, 2-octenal acted as repellent. The results indicate that the rice unique compounds xylene, hexanal along with other volatile compounds could be responsible for higher preference of YSB towards rice plants. Similarly, the non-host unique compounds 2-pentylfuran, 2-octenal could possibly be responsible for lower preference and defence against YSB. These compounds could be utilised for devising traps for YSB monitoring and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Totan Adak
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
- Division of Crop Protection, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India.
| | - Arabinda Mahanty
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Somanatha Jena
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | | | - Naveenkumar Patil
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | | | | | - Prasanthi Golive
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Si H, Cui B, Liu F, Zhao M. Microbial community and chemical composition of cigar tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves altered by tobacco wildfire disease. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e551. [PMID: 38099080 PMCID: PMC10719477 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco wildfire disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci is one of the most destructive foliar bacterial diseases occurring worldwide. However, the effect of wildfire disease on cigar tobacco leaves has not been clarified in detail. In this study, the differences in microbiota and chemical factors between wildfire disease-infected leaves and healthy leaves were characterized using high-throughput Illumina sequencing and a continuous-flow analytical system, respectively. The results demonstrated significant alterations in the structure of the phyllosphere microbial community in response to wildfire disease, and the infection of P. syringae pv. tabaci led to a decrease in bacterial richness and diversity. Furthermore, the content of nicotine, protein, total nitrogen, and Cl- in diseased leaves significantly increased by 47.86%, 17.46%, 20.08%, and 72.77% in comparison to healthy leaves, while the levels of total sugar and reducing sugar decreased by 59.59% and 70.0%, respectively. Notably, the wildfire disease had little effect on the content of starch and K+. Redundancy analysis revealed that Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Cladosporium, and Wallemia displayed positive correlations with nicotine, protein, total nitrogen, Cl- and K+ contents, while Pantoea, Erwinia, Sphingomonas, Terrisporobacter, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Sampaiozyma, and Didymella displayed positive correlations with total sugar and reducing sugar contents. Brevibacterium, Brachybacterium, and Janibacter were found to be enriched in diseased leaves, suggesting their potential role in disease suppression. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that positive correlations were prevalent in microbial networks, and the bacterial network of healthy tobacco leaves exhibited greater complexity compared to diseased tobacco leaves. This study revealed the impact of wildfire disease on the microbial community and chemical compositions of tobacco leaves and provides new insights for the biological control of tobacco wildfire disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Si
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering and Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Bing Cui
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering and Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Fang Liu
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering and Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Mingqin Zhao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering and Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghosh R, Metze D, Sant S, Shaikh M, Deshpande A, Firake DM, Pandit S. Chemical ecology of Himalayan eggplant variety's antixenosis: identification of geraniol as an oviposition deterrent against the eggplant shoot and fruit borer. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1259-1274. [PMID: 36918501 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) suffers severe losses due to a multi-insecticide-resistant lepidopteran pest, shoot and fruit borer (SFB, Leucinodes orbonalis). Heavy and combinatorial application of pesticides for SFB control renders eggplant risky for human consumption. We observed that gravid SFB females do not oviposit on Himalayan eggplant variety RC-RL-22 (RL22). We hypothesized that RL22 contained an antixenosis factor. Females' behavior indicated that the RL22 cue they perceived was olfactory. To identify it, leaf volatile blends of seven eggplant varieties were profiled using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Seven RL22-specific compounds were detected in the plant headspace. In choice assays, oviposition deterrence efficacies of these candidate compounds were independently tested by their foliar application on SFB-susceptible varieties. Complementation of geraniol, which was exclusively found in RL22, reduced oviposition (> 90%). To validate geraniol's role in RL22's SFB-deterrence, we characterized RL22's geraniol synthase and silenced its gene in planta, using virus-induced gene silencing. Geraniol biosynthesis suppression rendered RL22 SFB-susceptible; foliar geraniol application on the geraniol synthase-silenced plants restored oviposition deterrence. We infer that geraniol is RL22's SFB oviposition deterrent. The use of natural compounds like geraniol, which influence the chemical ecology of oviposition, can reduce the load of hazardous synthetic larvicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Ghosh
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Dennis Metze
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Surhud Sant
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Maroof Shaikh
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Ashish Deshpande
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar M Firake
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
- ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411036, India
| | - Sagar Pandit
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hussain M, Khashi U Rahman M, Mishra RC, Van Der Straeten D. Plants can talk: a new era in plant acoustics. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:987-990. [PMID: 37394307 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants release chemical signals to interact with their environment when exposed to stress. Khait and colleagues unveiled that plants 'verbalize' stress by emitting airborne sounds. These can train machine learning models to identify plant stressors. This unlocks a new path in plant-environment interactions research with multiple possibilities for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Hussain
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Milonas PG, Anastasaki E, Psoma A, Partsinevelos G, Fragkopoulos GN, Kektsidou O, Vassilakos N, Kapranas A. Plant viruses induce plant volatiles that are detected by aphid parasitoids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8721. [PMID: 37253808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphis gossypii (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) aphids are vectors of important plant viruses among which cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and potato virus Y (PVY). Virus-infected plants attract aphid vectors and affect their behavior and growth performance either positively or negatively depending on mode of transmission. Viruses cause changes in the composition and the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the plant that attract aphids. The aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) has been shown to have higher parasitism and survival rates on aphids fed on virus-infected than aphids fed on non-infected plants. We hypothesized that parasitoids distinguish virus-infected plants and are attracted to them regardless of the presence of their aphid hosts. Herein, we examined the attraction of the A. colemani parasitoid to infected pepper plants with each of CMV or PVY without the presence of aphids. The dynamic headspace technique was used to collect VOCs from non-infected and CMV or PVY-infected pepper plants. Identification was performed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The response of the parasitoids on virus-infected vs non-infected pepper plants was tested by Y-tube olfactometer assays. The results revealed that parasitoids displayed a preference to CMV and PVY infected plants compared to those that were not infected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Milonas
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Eirini Anastasaki
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Psoma
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Georgios Partsinevelos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Georgios N Fragkopoulos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Oxana Kektsidou
- Scientific Directorate of Phytopahtology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Nikon Vassilakos
- Scientific Directorate of Phytopahtology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kapranas
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloníki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Trebels B, Dippel S, Anders J, Ernst C, Goetz B, Keyser T, Rexer KH, Wimmer EA, Schachtner J. Anatomic and neurochemical analysis of the palpal olfactory system in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, HERBST. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1097462. [PMID: 36998268 PMCID: PMC10043995 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1097462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The paired antennal lobes were long considered the sole primary processing centers of the olfactory pathway in holometabolous insects receiving input from the olfactory sensory neurons of the antennae and mouthparts. In hemimetabolous insects, however, olfactory cues of the antennae and palps are processed separately. For the holometabolous red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, we could show that primary processing of the palpal and antennal olfactory input also occurs separately and at distinct neuronal centers. While the antennal olfactory sensory neurons project into the antennal lobes, those of the palps project into the paired glomerular lobes and the unpaired gnathal olfactory center. Here we provide an extended analysis of the palpal olfactory pathway by combining scanning electron micrographs with confocal imaging of immunohistochemical staining and reporter expression identifying chemosensory and odorant receptor-expressing neurons in the palpal sensilla. In addition, we extended the anatomical characterization of the gnathal olfactory center by 3D reconstructions and investigated the distribution of several neuromediators. The similarities in the neuromediator repertoire between antennal lobes, glomerular lobes, and gnathal olfactory center underline the role of the latter two as additional primary olfactory processing centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Trebels
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Janet Anders
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Clara Ernst
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Goetz
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tim Keyser
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karl Heinz Rexer
- Biodiversity of Plants, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ernst A. Wimmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
| | - Joachim Schachtner
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rieksta J, Li T, Davie‐Martin CL, Aeppli LCB, Høye TT, Rinnan R. Volatile responses of dwarf birch to mimicked insect herbivory and experimental warming at two elevations in Greenlandic tundra. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:23-35. [PMID: 37284597 PMCID: PMC10168049 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants release a complex blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to stressors. VOC emissions vary between contrasting environments and increase with insect herbivory and rising temperatures. However, the joint effects of herbivory and warming on plant VOC emissions are understudied, particularly in high latitudes, which are warming fast and facing increasing herbivore pressure. We assessed the individual and combined effects of chemically mimicked insect herbivory, warming, and elevation on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) VOC emissions in high-latitude tundra ecosystems in Narsarsuaq, South Greenland. We hypothesized that VOC emissions and compositions would respond synergistically to warming and herbivory, with the magnitude differing between elevations. Warming increased emissions of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and isoprene. Herbivory increased the homoterpene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, emissions, and the response was stronger at high elevation. Warming and herbivory had synergistic effects on GLV emissions. Dwarf birch emitted VOCs at similar rates at both elevations, but the VOC blends differed between elevations. Several herbivory-associated VOC groups did not respond to herbivory. Harsher abiotic conditions at high elevations might not limit VOC emissions from dwarf birch, and high-elevation plants might be better at herbivory defense than assumed. The complexity of VOC responses to experimental warming, elevation, and herbivory are challenging our understanding and predictions of future VOC emissions from dwarf birch-dominated ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Rieksta
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Tao Li
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationKey Laboratory for Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Cleo L. Davie‐Martin
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Laurids Christian Brogaard Aeppli
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Toke Thomas Høye
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu Q, Wu C, Xiao D, Jin Z, Zhang C, Hatt S, Guo X, Wang S. Ecological function of key volatiles in Vitex negundo infested by Aphis gossypii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1090559. [PMID: 36714696 PMCID: PMC9879570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1090559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are key components of plant-herbivorous-natural enemies communications. Indeed, plants respond to herbivores feeding by releasing HIPVs to attract natural enemies. The present study analyses the effect of HIPVs of Vitex negundo (Lamiaceae), an indigenous plant species in northern China, on the predatory ladybug species Harmonia axyridis. Y-tube olfactometer bioassay showed that H. axyridis adults were significantly attracted by V. negundo infested by the aphid Aphis gossypii. We analyzed and compared volatile profiles between healthy and A. gossypii infested V. negundo, screened out the candidate active HIPVs mediated by A. gossypii which could attract H. axyridis, and tested the olfactory behavior of the candidate active compounds on H. axyridis. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that five volatile compounds were significantly up-regulated after V. negundo infestation by A. gossypii, and five substances were significantly down-regulated in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. The olfactory behavior response showed that H. axyridis has significant preference for sclareol, eucalyptol, nonanal and α-terpineol, indicating that this chemical compounds are the important volatiles released by V. negundo to attract H. axyridis. This study preliminarily clarified that V. negundo release HIPVs to attract natural enemies when infected by herbivorous insects. The description of the volatile emission profile enriches the theoretical system of insect-induced volatile-mediated plant defense function of woody plants. Applications in crop protection would lie in designing original strategies to naturally control aphids in orchards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxuan Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changbing Wu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Da Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Jin
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Changrong Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Séverin Hatt
- Agroecology and Organic Farming, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tritrophic Interactions among Arthropod Natural Enemies, Herbivores and Plants Considering Volatile Blends at Different Scale Levels. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020251. [PMID: 36672186 PMCID: PMC9856403 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are released by plants upon damaged or disturbance by phytophagous insects. Plants emit HIPV signals not merely in reaction to tissue damage, but also in response to herbivore salivary secretions, oviposition, and excrement. Although certain volatile chemicals are retained in plant tissues and released rapidly upon damaged, others are synthesized de novo in response to herbivore feeding and emitted not only from damaged tissue but also from nearby by undamaged leaves. HIPVs can be used by predators and parasitoids to locate herbivores at different spatial scales. The HIPV-emitting spatial pattern is dynamic and heterogeneous in nature and influenced by the concentration, chemical makeup, breakdown of the emitted mixes and environmental elements (e.g., turbulence, wind and vegetation) which affect the foraging of biocontrol agents. In addition, sensory capability to detect volatiles and the physical ability to move towards the source were also different between natural enemy individuals. The impacts of HIPVs on arthropod natural enemies have been partially studied at spatial scales, that is why the functions of HIPVs is still subject under much debate. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge and loopholes regarding the role of HIPVs in tritrophic interactions at multiple scale levels. Therefore, we contend that closing these loopholes will make it much easier to use HIPVs for sustainable pest management in agriculture.
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang WQ, Zeng G, Zhi JR, Qiu XY, Yin ZJ. Exogenous Calcium Suppresses the Oviposition Choices of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Promotes the Attraction of Orius similis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) by Altering Volatile Blend Emissions in Kidney Bean Plants. INSECTS 2022; 13:1127. [PMID: 36555037 PMCID: PMC9785530 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis is a destructive pest of horticultural plants, while Orius similis is a natural enemy of thrips. It has been demonstrated that exogenous calcium could induce plant defenses against herbivore attack. We examined whether CaCl2 supplementation altered the volatile emissions of kidney bean plants, which influence the oviposition preference of F. occidentalis. We also assessed the influence of volatile cues on O. similis. Using Y-tube olfactometer tests, we found that exogenous CaCl2 treatment inhibited the selectivity of F. occidentalis but attracted O. similis. In addition, CaCl2 treatment reduced the oviposition preference of F. occidentalis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that CaCl2 treatment altered the number and relative abundance of the volatile compounds in kidney bean plants and that (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, β-lonone, and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal might be potential olfactory cues. Furthermore, the results of the six-arm olfactometer test indicated that 1-octen-3-ol (10-2 μL/μL), β-lonone (10-2 μL/μL), and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal (10-3 μL/μL) repelled F. occidentalis but attracted O. similis. Overall, our results suggested that exogenous CaCl2 treatment induced defense responses in kidney bean plants, suggesting that CaCl2 supplementation may be a promising strategy to enhance the biological control of F. occidentalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qing Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Resources and Environment, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China
| | - Jun-Rui Zhi
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin-Yue Qiu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhen-Juan Yin
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zolotarjova V, Remmel T, Kännaste A, Kaasik R, Niinemets Ü, Veromann E. Pollen beetle offspring is more parasitized under moderate nitrogen fertilization of oilseed rape due to more attractive volatile signal. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14294. [PMID: 35995937 PMCID: PMC9395338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol providing parasitoids can orientate according to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of their host's plants, the emission of which is potentially dependent on the availability of soil nitrogen (N). This paper aimed at finding the optimal N fertilization rate for oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) to favor parasitism of pollen beetles (Brassicogethes aeneus Fab. syn. Meligethes aeneus Fab.) in a controlled environment. Pollen beetles preferred to oviposit into buds of plants growing under higher N fertilization, whereas their parasitoids favored moderate N fertilization. As a part of induced defense, the proportion of volatile products of glucosinolate pathway in the total oilseed rape VOC emission blend was increased. Our results suggest that the natural biological control of pollen beetle herbivory is best supported by moderate N fertilization rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Zolotarjova
- grid.16697.3f0000 0001 0671 1127Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triinu Remmel
- grid.16697.3f0000 0001 0671 1127Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- grid.16697.3f0000 0001 0671 1127Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riina Kaasik
- grid.16697.3f0000 0001 0671 1127Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- grid.16697.3f0000 0001 0671 1127Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Veromann
- grid.16697.3f0000 0001 0671 1127Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Caselli A, Favaro R, Petacchi R, Angeli S. Infestation of the gall midge Dasineura oleae provides first evidence of induced plant volatiles in olive leaves. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:481-493. [PMID: 34930508 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present the first characterization of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) released from infested olive leaves. The gall midge Dasineura oleae is a specific pest of Olea europaea and endemic of the Mediterranean Basin, an area in which severe outbreaks currently occurred. Little is known about the damage caused by the pest and the relationship with its host. Since gall formation and larval feeding activity may lead to the release of specific plant volatile compounds, we investigated the volatile profiles emitted from infested plants compared with healthy plants under both laboratory and field conditions. Additionally, the volatiles emitted from mechanically damaged plants were considered. A blend of 12 volatiles was emitted from olive trees infested by D. oleae. Of these, β-copaene, β-ocimene, cosmene, unknown 1 and unknown 3 were found to be exclusively emitted in infested plants. The emission of germacrene-D, (E,E)-α-farnesene, and (Z,E)-α-farnesene, α-copaene, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, (E)-β-guaiene and heptadecane significantly increased in infested trees. Linalool, β-copaen-4-α-ol, β-bourbonene, β-cubebene, β-elemene, β-copaene and δ-amorphene were found only in the field trial and showed differences depending on the level of infestation and the plant stage. (Z)-3-Hexenol, (E)-4-oxohen-2-enal, and 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol, were exclusively emitted from the leaves after mechanical damage. In a field trial in Italy, we also demonstrated spring synchronization between adults of D. oleae and O. europaea trees. Analyses of morphoanatomical malformations of gall leaves showed that tissue alterations occur at the spongy parenchyma causing an increase of the leaf blade thickness. We speculate that tissue alterations may lead to HIPV release, in turn potentially attracting D. oleae natural enemies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Caselli
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Favaro
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ruggero Petacchi
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saha M, Fink P. Algal volatiles - the overlooked chemical language of aquatic primary producers. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:2162-2173. [PMID: 35912802 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Volatiles are important 'infochemicals' that play a crucial role in structuring life on our planet, fulfilling diverse functions in natural and artificial systems. Algae contribute significant quantities to the global budget of volatiles, but the ecological roles of aquatic volatiles are not well understood. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of volatile compounds from freshwater and marine microalgae and marine macroalgae, with a focus on their ecological roles. We highlight the multiple reported functions of biogenic volatiles, ranging from intraspecific communication for reproduction, intra-bloom signalling and antioxidant functions, to various interspecific signal exchanges that may allow herbivores to locate them and function in defence against competitors and predators. Beyond reviewing our current understanding, we specifically highlight major knowledge gaps and emerging questions for algal volatile research. These novel perspectives have the potential to improve our understanding of aquatic ecosystems and thus need to be addressed in future research. Filling these gaps and addressing these questions will facilitate humanity's efforts to exploit aquatic volatiles in various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Saha
- Marine Ecology and Biodiversity, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Patrick Fink
- Department River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre of Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre of Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qin RM, Wen P, Corlett RT, Zhang Y, Wang G, Chen J. Plant-defense mimicry facilitates rapid dispersal of short-lived seeds by hornets. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3429-3435.e5. [PMID: 35777364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rates of seed dispersal have rarely been considered important. Here, we demonstrate through field observations and experiments that rapid dispersal is essential for the unusually short-lived seeds of Aquilaria sinensis (agarwood; Thymelaeaceae), which desiccate and die within hours of exposure by fruit dehiscence in the hot, dry forest canopy in tropical southwest China. We show that three species of Vespa hornets remove most seeds within minutes of exposure. The hornets consume only the fleshy elaiosomes and deposit most seeds in damp shade, where they can germinate, a mean of 166 m from the parent tree. Electrophysiological assays and field experiments demonstrate that the hornets are attracted by highly volatile short-carbon-chain (C5-C9) compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and acids, emitted from the dehiscent fruit capsule. These attractive fruit volatiles share 14 of 17 major electrophysiologically active compounds with those emitted from herbivore-damaged leaves, which attract predators, including hornets. Rapid seed dispersal thus appears to have been achieved in this species by the re-purposing of a rapid indirect defense mechanism. We predict that rapid seed dispersal by various mechanisms will be more widespread than currently documented and suggest that volatile attractants are more effective in facilitating this than visual signals, which are blocked by vegetation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Min Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ping Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yuanye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Gang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oviposition Preference and Performance of a Specialist Herbivore Is Modulated by Natural Enemies, Larval Odors, and Immune Status. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:670-682. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
The Complexity of Sesquiterpene Chemistry Dictates Its Pleiotropic Biologic Effects on Inflammation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082450. [PMID: 35458648 PMCID: PMC9032002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes (SQs) are volatile compounds made by plants, insects, and marine organisms. SQ have a large range of biological properties and are potent inhibitors and modulators of inflammation, targeting specific components of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and nitric oxide (NO) generation. Because SQs can be isolated from over 1600 genera and 2500 species grown worldwide, they are an attractive source of phytochemical therapeutics. The chemical structure and biosynthesis of SQs is complex, and the SQ scaffold represents extraordinary structural variety consisting of both acyclic and cyclic (mono, bi, tri, and tetracyclic) compounds. These structures can be decorated with a diverse range of functional groups and substituents, generating many stereospecific configurations. In this review, the effect of SQs on inflammation will be discussed in the context of their complex chemistry. Because inflammation is a multifactorial process, we focus on specific aspects of inflammation: the inhibition of NF-kB signaling, disruption of NO production and modulation of dendritic cells, mast cells, and monocytes. Although the molecular targets of SQs are varied, we discuss how these pathways may mediate the effects of SQs on inflammation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu J, Sun L, Fu D, Zhu J, Liu M, Xiao F, Xiao R. Herbivore-Induced Rice Volatiles Attract and Affect the Predation Ability of the Wolf Spiders, Pirata subpiraticus and Pardosa pseudoannulata. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13010090. [PMID: 35055933 PMCID: PMC8777961 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spiders are important natural enemies of rice pests. Studying the effects of herbivore-induced rice volatiles on spider attraction and predation ability may lead to safer methods for pest prevention and control. In this study, four-arm olfactometer, predation ability experiment, and field trapping experiment were used to evaluate the effects of herbivore-induced rice volatiles on Pirata subpiraticus Bösenberg et Strand (Araneae: Lycosidae) and Pardosa pseudoannulata Bösenberg et Strand (Araneae: Lycosidae). The 0.5 μg/μL linalool concentration was attractive, and also shortened the predation latency in male P. subpiraticus and female P. pseudoannulata. The 0.5 μg/μL linalool concentration increased the daily predation capacity of female P. pseudoannulata. Male P. pseudoannulata were attracted to 1.0 g/L methyl salicylate, which also shortened their predation latency. In field experiments, methyl salicylate and linalool were effective for trapping spiders. Herbivore-induced rice volatiles attract rice field spiders and affect their predatory ability. These results suggest that herbivore-induced rice volatiles can be used to attract spiders and provide improved control of rice pests.
Collapse
|
20
|
Pires PDDS, Sant' Ana J, Redaelli LR. Can Anastrepha fraterculus larval feeding influence chemotaxis and parasitism of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and Aganaspis pelleranoi? BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 111:560-567. [PMID: 33814029 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major barrier to fruit production and exportation. In Brazil, the native parasitoid Aganaspis pelleranoi (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) and the exotic parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) stand out as biological control agents. Knowledge of the factors that affect interactions among parasitoids, A. fraterculus, and host fruits may enhance the use of these agents in biological control programmes. This study evaluated the chemotaxis and parasitism of A. pelleranoi and D. longicaudata females reared on A. fraterculus larvae and kept on an artificial diet, red guava (Psidium guajava) or apple (Malus domestica). Females of both parasitoid species that emerged from larvae raised on artificial diet, guava or apple, were tested to Y olfactometer choice tests. In the parasitism tests, both parasitoid species were made to choose between A. fraterculus larvae brushed with water, apple pulp or guava pulp. D. longicaudata females from artificial diet (control) did not distinguish between fruit odours; however, females of D. longicaudata from larvae kept in apple or guava directed to the odours of their original fruit. The greatest parasitism for D. longicaudata occurred in the units that contained the pulp in which the larvae grew. A. pelleranoi from artificial diet preferred guava odours, including the females kept in apple. Similar results were observed in the parasitism bioassays. Our results found that A. fraterculus larval feeding influenced search behaviour and parasitism of D. longicaudata, whereas A. pelleranoi rearing experience did not affect its host choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Daniela da Silva Pires
- Department of Crop Protection, PPG-Fitotecnia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Josué Sant' Ana
- Department of Crop Protection, PPG-Fitotecnia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiza Rodrigues Redaelli
- Department of Crop Protection, PPG-Fitotecnia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rieksta J, Li T, Michelsen A, Rinnan R. Synergistic effects of insect herbivory and changing climate on plant volatile emissions in the subarctic tundra. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5030-5042. [PMID: 34185349 PMCID: PMC8518364 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change increases the insect abundance, especially in Arctic ecosystems. Insect herbivory also significantly increases plant emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are highly reactive in the atmosphere and play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry and physics. However, it is unclear how the effects of insect herbivory on VOC emissions interact with climatic changes, such as warming and increased cloudiness. We assessed how experimental manipulations of temperature and light availability in subarctic tundra, that had been maintained for 30 years at the time of the measurements, affect the VOC emissions from a widespread dwarf birch (Betula nana) when subjected to herbivory by local geometrid moth larvae, the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and the winter moth (Operophtera brumata). Warming and insect herbivory on B. nana stimulated VOC emission rates and altered the VOC blend. The herbivory-induced increase in sesquiterpene and homoterpene emissions were climate-treatment-dependent. Many herbivory-associated VOCs were more strongly induced in the shading treatment than in other treatments. We showed generally enhanced tundra VOC emissions upon insect herbivory and synergistic effects on the emissions of some VOC groups in a changing climate, which can have positive feedbacks on cloud formation. Furthermore, the acclimation of plants to long-term climate treatments affects VOC emissions and strongly interacts with plant responses to herbivory. Such acclimation complicates predictions of how climate change, together with interacting biotic stresses, affects VOC emissions in the high latitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Rieksta
- Terrestrial Ecology SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Terrestrial Ecology SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Silva DB, Jiménez A, Urbaneja A, Pérez-Hedo M, Bento JM. Changes in plant responses induced by an arthropod influence the colonization behavior of a subsequent herbivore. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4168-4180. [PMID: 33938117 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants in nature can be sequentially attacked by different arthropod herbivores. Feeding by one arthropod species may induce plant-defense responses that might affect the performance of a later-arriving herbivorous species. Understanding these interactions can help in developing pest-management strategies. In tomato, the sweet-potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci and the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae are key pests that frequently cohabit on the same plant. We studied whether colonization by one species can either facilitate or impede later colonization of tomato plants by conspecific or heterospecific individuals. RESULTS B. tabaci females showed a strong preference for and increased oviposition on plants previously colonized by conspecifics. In contrast, plants infested with T. urticae repelled B. tabaci females and reduced their oviposition rate by 86%. Although females of T. urticae showed no preference between conspecific-infested or uninfested plants, we observed a 50% reduction in the number of eggs laid on conspecific-infested plants. Both herbivorous arthropods up-regulated the expression of genes involving the jasmonic acid and abscisic acid pathways, increasing emissions of fatty-acid derivatives, but only B. tabaci increased the expression of genes related to the salicylic acid pathway and the total amount of phenylpropanoids released. Terpenoids were the most abundant compounds in the volatile blends; many terpenoids were emitted at different rates, which might have influenced the arthropods' host selection. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that B. tabaci infestation facilitated subsequent infestations by conspecifics and mites, while T. urticae infestation promoted herbivore-induced resistance. Based on both the molecular and behavioral findings, a novel sustainable pest-management strategy is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego B Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luis de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luis de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Department of Entomology, University of Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Meritxell Pérez-Hedo
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Ms Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luis de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Koprivnikar J, Rochette A, Forbes MR. Risk-Induced Trait Responses and Non-consumptive Effects in Plants and Animals in Response to Their Invertebrate Herbivore and Parasite Natural Enemies. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.667030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predators kill and consume prey, but also scare living prey. Fitness of prey can be reduced by direct killing and consumption, but also by non-consumptive effects (NCEs) if prey show costly risk-induced trait responses (RITRs) to predators, which are meant to reduce predation risk. Recently, similarities between predators and parasites as natural enemies have been recognized, including their potential to cause victim RITRs and NCEs. However, plant-herbivore and animal host-parasite associations might be more comparable as victim-enemy systems in this context than either is to prey-predator systems. This is because plant herbivores and animal parasites are often invertebrate species that are typically smaller than their victims, generally cause lower lethality, and allow for further defensive responses by victims after consumption begins. Invertebrate herbivores can cause diverse RITRs in plants through various means, and animals also exhibit assorted RITRs to increased parasitism risk. This synthesis aims to broadly compare these two enemy-victim systems by highlighting the ways in which plants and animals perceive threat and respond with a range of induced victim trait responses that can provide pre-emptive defense against invertebrate enemies. We also review evidence that RITRs are costly in terms of reducing victim fitness or abundance, demonstrating how work with one victim-enemy system can inform the other with respect to the frequency and magnitude of RITRs and possible NCEs. We particularly highlight gaps in our knowledge about plant and animal host responses to their invertebrate enemies that may guide directions for future research. Comparing how potential plant and animal victims respond pre-emptively to the threat of consumption via RITRs will help to advance our understanding of natural enemy ecology and may have utility for pest and disease control.
Collapse
|
24
|
Evaluation of predatory potential and prey stage preference of mirid bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis on tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
Zhang Z, Liu Y, Portaluri V, Woodcock C, Pickett JA, Wang S, Zhou JJ. Chemical Identity and Functional Characterization of Semiochemicals That Promote the Interactions between Rice Plant and Rice Major Pest Nilaparvata lugens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4635-4644. [PMID: 33870696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between food crops and insect pests is mediated by semiochemicals emitted from host plants. These semiochemicals are natural behavioral modifiers and act on the insect olfactory system to locate hosts and preys. In this study, eight rice neuroactive semiochemicals were identified from rice varieties by GC-EAG and GC-MS. Their ability to modify rice pest behaviors was further studied as individual chemicals and physiologically relevant blend. The total amount of each semiochemical and the expression of their biosynthesis genes were significantly higher in pest susceptible variety than in pest-resistant variety and upregulated by the infestation of the pest Nilaparvata lugens (BPH). The semiochemicals emitted by uninfested plants (UIRVs) were more attractive to BPHs. Interestingly, the attractiveness of UIRVs was significantly reduced by the addition of the blend that mimics the natural composition of these semiochemicals emitted by infested plants (IRVs). Our study suggests a mechanism for the spread of pest infestation from infested plants to uninfested plants nearby. UIRVs initially serve as attractive signals to rice insect pests. The pest infestation changes the rice semiochemical profile to be less attractive or even repellent, which pushes further colonization to uninfested plants nearby. The identified semiochemicals can be used for crop protection based on a push-pull strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Zhang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Yong Liu
- Plant Protection College, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Taian, China
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Vincent Portaluri
- Eurofins Analytics France, Rue Pierre Adolphe Bobierre, 44323 Nantes, France
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Christine Woodcock
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - John A Pickett
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Senshan Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gauthier J, Boulain H, van Vugt JJFA, Baudry L, Persyn E, Aury JM, Noel B, Bretaudeau A, Legeai F, Warris S, Chebbi MA, Dubreuil G, Duvic B, Kremer N, Gayral P, Musset K, Josse T, Bigot D, Bressac C, Moreau S, Periquet G, Harry M, Montagné N, Boulogne I, Sabeti-Azad M, Maïbèche M, Chertemps T, Hilliou F, Siaussat D, Amselem J, Luyten I, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Labadie K, Merlin BL, Barbe V, de Boer JG, Marbouty M, Cônsoli FL, Dupas S, Hua-Van A, Le Goff G, Bézier A, Jacquin-Joly E, Whitfield JB, Vet LEM, Smid HM, Kaiser L, Koszul R, Huguet E, Herniou EA, Drezen JM. Chromosomal scale assembly of parasitic wasp genome reveals symbiotic virus colonization. Commun Biol 2021; 4:104. [PMID: 33483589 PMCID: PMC7822920 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous viruses form an important proportion of eukaryote genomes and a source of novel functions. How large DNA viruses integrated into a genome evolve when they confer a benefit to their host, however, remains unknown. Bracoviruses are essential for the parasitism success of parasitoid wasps, into whose genomes they integrated ~103 million years ago. Here we show, from the assembly of a parasitoid wasp genome at a chromosomal scale, that bracovirus genes colonized all ten chromosomes of Cotesia congregata. Most form clusters of genes involved in particle production or parasitism success. Genomic comparison with another wasp, Microplitis demolitor, revealed that these clusters were already established ~53 mya and thus belong to remarkably stable genomic structures, the architectures of which are evolutionary constrained. Transcriptomic analyses highlight temporal synchronization of viral gene expression without resulting in immune gene induction, suggesting that no conflicts remain between ancient symbiotic partners when benefits to them converge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Gauthier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France ,grid.466902.f0000 0001 2248 6951Geneva Natural History Museum, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Boulain
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France ,grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joke J. F. A. van Vugt
- grid.418375.c0000 0001 1013 0288Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lyam Baudry
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, UMR 3525, CNRS, Paris, 75015 France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emma Persyn
- grid.462350.6Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Univ. de Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science of Paris (iEES-Paris), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- grid.8390.20000 0001 2180 5818Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Benjamin Noel
- grid.8390.20000 0001 2180 5818Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Anthony Bretaudeau
- grid.410368.80000 0001 2191 9284IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France ,grid.420225.30000 0001 2298 7270Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Legeai
- grid.410368.80000 0001 2191 9284IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France ,grid.420225.30000 0001 2298 7270Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sven Warris
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Applied Bioinformatics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed A. Chebbi
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Géraldine Dubreuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Bernard Duvic
- grid.503158.aUniversité Montpellier, INRAE, DGIMI, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Natacha Kremer
- grid.462854.90000 0004 0386 3493Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, bat. G. Mendel, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Gayral
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Karine Musset
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Josse
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Diane Bigot
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Christophe Bressac
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Moreau
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Georges Periquet
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Myriam Harry
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- grid.462350.6Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Univ. de Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science of Paris (iEES-Paris), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- grid.462350.6Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Univ. de Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science of Paris (iEES-Paris), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mahnaz Sabeti-Azad
- grid.462350.6Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Univ. de Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science of Paris (iEES-Paris), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martine Maïbèche
- grid.462350.6Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Univ. de Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science of Paris (iEES-Paris), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Chertemps
- grid.462350.6Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Univ. de Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science of Paris (iEES-Paris), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Hilliou
- grid.435437.20000 0004 0385 8766Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - David Siaussat
- grid.462350.6Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Univ. de Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science of Paris (iEES-Paris), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Amselem
- grid.507621.7Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, URGI, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Luyten
- grid.507621.7Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, URGI, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Claire Capdevielle-Dulac
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karine Labadie
- grid.8390.20000 0001 2180 5818Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Bruna Laís Merlin
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Valérie Barbe
- grid.8390.20000 0001 2180 5818Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Jetske G. de Boer
- grid.418375.c0000 0001 1013 0288Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Evolutionary Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martial Marbouty
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, UMR 3525, CNRS, Paris, 75015 France
| | - Fernando Luis Cônsoli
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Stéphane Dupas
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélie Hua-Van
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gaelle Le Goff
- grid.435437.20000 0004 0385 8766Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Annie Bézier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- grid.462350.6Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Univ. de Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science of Paris (iEES-Paris), 75005 Paris, France
| | - James B. Whitfield
- Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Louise E. M. Vet
- grid.418375.c0000 0001 1013 0288Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M. Smid
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laure Kaiser
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Romain Koszul
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, UMR 3525, CNRS, Paris, 75015 France
| | - Elisabeth Huguet
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Elisabeth A. Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Jean-Michel Drezen
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mäntylä E, Kipper S, Hilker M. Insectivorous birds can see and smell systemically herbivore-induced pines. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9358-9370. [PMID: 32953066 PMCID: PMC7487227 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that insectivorous birds are attracted to herbivore-damaged trees even when they cannot see or smell the actual herbivores or their feces. However, it often remained an open question whether birds are attracted by herbivore-induced changes in leaf odor or in leaf light reflectance or by both types of changes. Our study addressed this question by investigating the response of great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) damaged by pine sawfly larvae (Diprion pini). We released the birds individually to a study booth, where they were simultaneously offered a systemically herbivore-induced and a noninfested control pine branch. In the first experiment, the birds could see the branches, but could not smell them, because each branch was kept inside a transparent, airtight cylinder. In the second experiment, the birds could smell the branches, but could not see them, because each branch was placed inside a nontransparent cylinder with a mesh lid. The results show that the birds were more attracted to the herbivore-induced branch in both experiments. Hence, either type of the tested cues, the herbivore-induced visual plant cue alone as well as the olfactory cues per se, is attractive to the birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Mäntylä
- Applied Zoology/Animal EcologyInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Institute of EntomologyBiology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesČeské BudĕjoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudĕjoviceCzech Republic
- Section of EcologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Silke Kipper
- Animal BehaviourInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Technische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
| | - Monika Hilker
- Applied Zoology/Animal EcologyInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Detection, identification, and quantification of plant diseases by sensor techniques are expected to enable a more precise disease control, as sensors are sensitive, objective, and highly available for disease assessment. Recent progress in sensor technology and data processing is very promising; nevertheless, technical constraints and issues inherent to variability in host-pathogen interactions currently limit the use of sensors in various fields of application. The information from spectral [e.g., RGB (red, green, blue)], multispectral, and hyperspectral sensors that measure reflectance, fluorescence, and emission of radiation or from electronic noses that detect volatile organic compounds released from plants or pathogens, as well as the potential of sensors to characterize the health status of crops, is evaluated based on the recent literature. Phytopathological aspects of remote sensing of plant diseases across different scales and for various purposes are discussed, including spatial disease patterns, epidemic spread of pathogens, crop characteristics, and links to disease control. Future challenges in sensor use are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erich-Christian Oerke
- INRES, Plant Diseases and Crop Protection, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Achhami BB, Reddy GVP, Sherman JD, Peterson RKD, Weaver DK. Antixenosis, Antibiosis, and Potential Yield Compensatory Response in Barley Cultivars Exposed to Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Under Field Conditions. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:9. [PMID: 32960968 PMCID: PMC7508298 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, is an economically serious pest of cereals grown in North America. Barley cultivars were previously planted as resistant crops in rotations to manage C. cinctus, but due to increasing levels of injury to this crop, this is no longer a valid management tactic in Montana. Therefore, we aimed to understand antixenosis (behavioral preference), antibiosis (mortality), and potential yield compensation (increased productivity in response to stem injuries) in barley exposed to C. cinctus. We examined these traits in eight barley cultivars. Antixenosis was assessed by counting number of eggs per stem and antibiosis was assessed by counting infested stems, dead larvae, and stems cut by mature larvae. Potential yield compensation was evaluated by comparing grain yield from three categories of stem infestation: 1) uninfested, 2) infested with dead larva, and 3) infested cut by mature larva at crop maturity. We found the greatest number of eggs per infested stem (1.80 ± 0.04), the highest proportion of infested stems (0.63 ± 0.01), and the highest proportion of cut stems (0.33 ± 0.01) in 'Hockett'. Seven out of eight cultivars had greater grain weight for infested stems than for uninfested stems. These cultivars may have compensatory responses to larval feeding injury. Overall, these barley cultivars contain varying levels of antixenosis, antibiosis, and differing levels of yield compensation. Our results provide foundational knowledge on barley traits that will provide a framework to further develop C. cinctus resistant or tolerant barley cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buddhi B Achhami
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Gadi V P Reddy
- Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Conrad, MT
- USDA ARS-Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, MS
| | - Jamie D Sherman
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Robert K D Peterson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - David K Weaver
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
AbstractReliance on broad-spectrum insecticides and chemotherapeutic agents to control hematophagous insect vectors, and their related diseases is threatened by increasing insecticide and drug resistance, respectively. Thus, development of novel, alternative, complementary and effective technologies for surveillance and control of such insects is strongly encouraged. Semiochemicals are increasingly developed for monitoring and intervention of insect crop pests, but this has not been adequately addressed for hematophagous insects of medical and veterinary importance. This review provides an insight in the application of semiochemicals for control of hematophagous insects. Here, we provide specific information regarding the isolation and identification of semiochemical compounds, optimization approaches, detection, perception and discrimination by the insect olfactory system. Navigation of insects along wind-borne odor plumes is discussed and methods of odor application in field situations are reviewed. Finally, we discuss prospects and future challenges for the application of semiochemical-based tools with emphasis on mosquitoes. The acquired knowledge can guide development of more effective components of integrated vector management, safeguard against emerging resistance of insects to existing insecticides and reduce the burden of vector-borne diseases.
Collapse
|
31
|
Herbivore Gender Effects on Volatile Induction in Aspen and on Olfactory Responses in Leaf Beetles. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides Michx.) is a fast-growing tree species used for short-rotation forestry in northern latitudes. Aspen species have a rich herbivore fauna, including defoliating leaf beetles that induce emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when feeding on aspen leaves. We investigated the differential induction of VOCs by male and female Phratora laticollis leaf beetles feeding on hybrid aspen and the differences in the orientation of beetles in response to gender-specific induced VOCs. The hypotheses for the study were (1) the VOCs in the headspace of plants infested with beetles of the two genders individually and in mixed aggregates would vary subtly, and (2) foraging adult beetles would be able to detect differences in VOC blends and use them to fine-tune their orientation choices. In Y-tube bioassays, both females and males preferred VOCs from leaves damaged by one gender (females or males) over undamaged leaves. However, if leaves were damaged by a two-gender population, neither females nor males indicated a preference over volatiles of undamaged leaves. Leaves damaged by both beetle genders simultaneously had significantly increased green leaf volatile (GLV), benzenoid and homoterpene emissions compared to undamaged leaves. Emissions of these compounds possibly indicate higher herbivore pressure and a higher risk of attack by parasitoids and predators and could thus be the cause of the lack of beetle preference. Our findings provide new basic information on gender-based host plant selection by herbivores and may be helpful in the development of sustainable biogenic VOC-based herbivore-control methods for intensive short-rotation hybrid aspen production.
Collapse
|
32
|
Comeau D, Novinscak A, Joly DL, Filion M. Spatio-Temporal and Cultivar-Dependent Variations in the Cannabis Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:491. [PMID: 32265895 PMCID: PMC7105690 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incipient legalization and commercialization of Cannabis sativa in Canada have promulgated research into characterizing the plant’s microbiome as it promotes many facets of plant growth and health. The emblematic production of commercially important secondary metabolites, namely tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and terpenes, has warranted investigating the modulating capacity of these molecules on the plant microbiome. C. sativa cultivars can be classified into chemotypes depending on the relative levels of THC and CBD they produce; their biosynthesis also varies spatially and temporally during the life cycle of the plant. To study the differential microbiome structure and diversity between cultivars in a spatio-temporal manner, we extracted microbial DNA from the rhizosphere, endorhizosphere, and phyllosphere during the entire life cycle of three different chemotypes; CBD Yummy (<1% THC/13% CBD), CBD shark (6% THC/10% CBD) and Hash (14% THC/ < 1% CBD). Illumina marker gene sequencing of bacterial (16S) and fungal (ITS) communities were coupled to the QIIME2, PICRUSt, and LEfSe pipelines for analysis. Our study describes spatio-temporal and cultivar-dependent variations in the fungal and bacterial microbiome of C. sativa, and details strong cultivar-dependent variance in the belowground microbiome. Furthermore, the predicted pathway abundance of the bacterial microbiome is concomitantly subject to spatio-temporal variations; pathways related to lipid, amino acid, glucose and pentose metabolism were noteworthy. These results describe, for the first time, spatio-temporal and cultivar-dependent variations in the microbiome of C. sativa produced under strict commercial settings. Describing the microbiome is the first step in discoveries that could help in engineering a plant growth and health promoting microbiome in future works.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Comeau
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Amy Novinscak
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - David L Joly
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Martin Filion
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stierlin É, Nicolè F, Costes T, Fernandez X, Michel T. Metabolomic study of volatile compounds emitted by lavender grown under open-field conditions: a potential approach to investigate the yellow decline disease. Metabolomics 2020; 16:31. [PMID: 32103392 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fine lavender and lavandin are perfume and medicinal plants originate from the South of France and are widely cultivated for their essential oils. Recently, cultivated plants suffered from a severe decline in France, due to the propagation of the yellow decline disease. This disease is caused by the stolbur phytoplasma, a bacterium transmitted by a sap-sucking insect, the planthopper. OBJECTIVES In order to understand the complex relationships between host plant, pest, pathogen and environment responsible for the yellow decline of lavender, we use a metabolomic approach to highlight changes in chemical emissions from asymptomatic ("healthy") and symptomatic ("infected") plants. METHODS Volatile compounds produced by fine lavender and lavandin were collected in the field using a dynamic headspace extraction approach. Afterwards, compounds trapped on Tenax adsorbent were thermodesorbed and analysed using an automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ATD-GC-MS). Multivariate statistical analyses was performed using principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analyses. RESULTS The untargeted screening of volatiles allowed the separation of asymptomatic and symptomatic plants according to their emissions. The approach was sufficiently accurate so as to separate the emissions according to the different stages of infection. Twelve compounds were found to be deregulated metabolites of yellow disease infection, common to fine lavender (variety 7713) and lavandin (variety abrial). CONCLUSION The metabolomic approach allowed for the effective identification of chemical variations between infected and healthy plants in a complex field environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Stierlin
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université Côte D'Azur, CNRS, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Florence Nicolè
- Laboratoire BVPAM, FRE CNRS INEE, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 3727 - EA 3061, 23 rue du Dr Paul Michelon, 42000, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Thomas Costes
- Centre Régionalisé Interprofessionnel d'Expérimentation en Plantes à Parfum, Aromatiques et Médicinales (CRIEPPAM), Les Quintrands, Route de Volx, 04100, Manosque, France
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université Côte D'Azur, CNRS, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Thomas Michel
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université Côte D'Azur, CNRS, 06108, Nice, France.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Small talk: chemical conversations with bacteria. CHEMTEXTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40828-020-0102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
35
|
Does Ozone Alter the Attractiveness of Japanese White Birch Leaves to the Leaf Beetle Agelastica coerulea via Changes in Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs): An Examination with the Y-Tube Test. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated ground-level ozone (O3) reduced C-based defense chemicals; however, severe grazing damages were found in leaves grown in the low O3 condition of a free air O3-concentration enrichment (O3-FACE) system. To explain this phenomenon, this study investigates the role of BVOCs (biogenic volatile organic compounds) as signaling compounds for insect herbivores. BVOCs act as scents for herbivore insects to locate host plants, while some BVOCs show high reactivity to O3, inducing changes in the composition of BVOCs in atmospheres with elevated O3. To assess the aforementioned phenomenon, profiles of BVOCs emitted from birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara) leaves were analyzed ex situ, and Y-tube insect preference tests were conducted in vitro to study the insect olfactory response. The assays were conducted in June and August or September, according to the life cycle of the adult alder leaf beetle Agelastica coerulea Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Y-tube tests revealed that the leaf beetles were attracted to BVOCs, and O3 per se had neither an attractant nor a repellent effect. BVOCs became less attractant when mixed with highly concentrated O3 (>80 ppb). About 20% of the total BVOCs emitted were highly O3-reactive compounds, such as β-ocimene. The results suggest that BVOCs emitted from the birch leaves can be altered by elevated O3, thus potentially reducing the attractiveness of leaves to herbivorous insects searching for food.
Collapse
|
36
|
Rieksta J, Li T, Junker RR, Jepsen JU, Ryde I, Rinnan R. Insect Herbivory Strongly Modifies Mountain Birch Volatile Emissions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:558979. [PMID: 33193483 PMCID: PMC7652793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.558979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivory is known to augment emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Yet few studies have quantified BVOC responses to insect herbivory in natural populations in pan-Arctic regions. Here, we assess how quantitative and qualitative BVOC emissions change with increasing herbivore feeding intensity in the Subarctic mountain birch (Betula pubescens var pumila (L.)) forest. We conducted three field experiments in which we manipulated the larval density of geometrid moths (Operophtera brumata and Epirrita autumnata), on branches of mountain birch and measured BVOC emissions using the branch enclosure method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our study showed that herbivory significantly increased BVOC emissions from the branches damaged by larvae. BVOC emissions increased due to insect herbivory at relatively low larvae densities, causing up to 10% of leaf area loss. Insect herbivory also changed the blend composition of BVOCs, with damaged plants producing less intercorrelated BVOC blends than undamaged ones. Our results provide a quantitative understanding of the relationship between the severity of insect herbivore damage and emissions of BVOCs at larvae densities corresponding to background herbivory levels in the Subarctic mountain birch. The results have important and practical implications for modeling induced and constitutive BVOC emissions and their feedbacks to atmospheric chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Rieksta
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Li
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Tao Li,
| | - Robert R. Junker
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jane U. Jepsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvild Ryde
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Egg parasitoid exploitation of plant volatiles induced by single or concurrent attack of a zoophytophagous predator and an invasive phytophagous pest. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18956. [PMID: 31831800 PMCID: PMC6908590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoophytophagous insect predators can induce physiological responses in plants by activating defence signalling pathways, but whether plants can respond to facultative phytophagy by recruiting natural enemies remains to be investigated. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, using a system including a Vicia faba plant, the zoophytophagous predator Podisus maculiventris and the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi, we first demonstrated that T. podisi females are attracted by broad bean plants damaged by feeding activity of P. maculiventris and on which host egg masses had been laid, while they are not attracted by undamaged plants or plants damaged by feeding activity alone. In a second experiment, we evaluated the impact of the invasive phytophagous pest Halyomorpha halys on this plant volatile-mediated tritrophic communication. Results showed that the invasive herbivorous adults do not induce plants to recruit the native egg parasitoid, but they can disrupt the local infochemical network. In fact, T. podisi females are not attracted by volatiles emitted by plants damaged by H. halys feeding alone or combined with oviposition activity, nor are they attracted by plants concurrently infested by P. maculiventris and H. halys, indicating the specificity in the parasitoid response and the ability of the invasive herbivore in interrupting the semiochemical communication between plants and native egg parasitoids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing that zoophytophagous predator attacks induce indirect plant defences similarly to those defence strategies adopted by plants as a consequence of single or concurrent infestations of herbivorous insects.
Collapse
|
38
|
Oviposition-Induced Volatiles Affect Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Egg Parasitoids. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10120437. [PMID: 31817361 PMCID: PMC6956134 DOI: 10.3390/insects10120437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In response to an attack by herbivores, plants emit a variety of compounds that may act as semiochemicals. Oviposition-induced volatiles (OIPVs) have been shown to mediate interactions between plants and natural enemies. Here, we investigated the role of OIPVs by Tuta absoluta towards two egg parasitoids, Trichogramma cordubense and T. achaeae. We collected headspace volatiles from tomato plants at 24, 48, and 72 h after oviposition by T. absoluta females and tested the antennographic response of Trichogramma parasitoids to them by means of gas chromatography- electro-antennographical detection (GC-EAD). The response of the parasitoids was also tested in behavioral experiments using a Y-tube olfactometer. Oviposition by T. absoluta females induced qualitative and quantitative changes in the volatiles emitted by tomato plants. Antennae of Trichogramma parasitoids responded to several of the induced volatiles in GC-EAD. T. cordubense females were attracted to tomato plants with T. absoluta eggs 24 h after oviposition. The elucidation of the behavior of egg parasitoids towards OIPVs enhances the development of sustainable management strategies either by selecting species that exploit OIPVs or by manipulating their foraging behavior by utilizing specific OIPVs that are used by parasitoids as a host location.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abdala‐Roberts L, Puentes A, Finke DL, Marquis RJ, Montserrat M, Poelman EH, Rasmann S, Sentis A, van Dam NM, Wimp G, Mooney K, Björkman C. Tri-trophic interactions: bridging species, communities and ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:2151-2167. [PMID: 31631502 PMCID: PMC6899832 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A vast body of research demonstrates that many ecological and evolutionary processes can only be understood from a tri-trophic viewpoint, that is, one that moves beyond the pairwise interactions of neighbouring trophic levels to consider the emergent features of interactions among multiple trophic levels. Despite its unifying potential, tri-trophic research has been fragmented, following two distinct paths. One has focused on the population biology and evolutionary ecology of simple food chains of interacting species. The other has focused on bottom-up and top-down controls over the distribution of biomass across trophic levels and other ecosystem-level variables. Here, we propose pathways to bridge these two long-standing perspectives. We argue that an expanded theory of tri-trophic interactions (TTIs) can unify our understanding of biological processes across scales and levels of organisation, ranging from species evolution and pairwise interactions to community structure and ecosystem function. To do so requires addressing how community structure and ecosystem function arise as emergent properties of component TTIs, and, in turn, how species traits and TTIs are shaped by the ecosystem processes and the abiotic environment in which they are embedded. We conclude that novel insights will come from applying tri-trophic theory systematically across all levels of biological organisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Abdala‐Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología TropicalCampus de Ciencias Biológicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánKm. 15.5 Carretera Mérida‐XmatkuilMX‐97000MéridaYucatánMéxico
| | - Adriana Puentes
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7044SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
| | - Deborah L. Finke
- Division of Plant SciencesUniversity of Missouri1‐33 Agriculture BuildingUS‐65211ColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Robert J. Marquis
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology CenterUniversity of Missouri–St. Louis1 University BoulevardUS‐63121St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Marta Montserrat
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasE‐29750Algarrobo‐Costa (Málaga)Spain
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityP.O. Box 166700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelRue Emile‐Argand 11CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- UMR RECOVERIRSTEAAix Marseille University3275 route Cézanne13182Aix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- Molecular Interaction EcologyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena & German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5eDE‐04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Gina Wimp
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown University406 Reiss Science BuildingUS‐20057WashingtonDCUSA
| | - Kailen Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Irvine321 Steinhaus HallUS‐92697IrvineCAUSA
| | - Christer Björkman
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7044SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Douma JC, Ganzeveld LN, Unsicker SB, Boeckler GA, Dicke M. What makes a volatile organic compound a reliable indicator of insect herbivory? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:3308-3325. [PMID: 31330571 PMCID: PMC6972585 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants that are subject to insect herbivory emit a blend of so-called herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), of which only a few serve as cues for the carnivorous enemies to locate their host. We lack understanding which HIPVs are reliable indicators of insect herbivory. Here, we take a modelling approach to elucidate which physicochemical and physiological properties contribute to the information value of a HIPV. A leaf-level HIPV synthesis and emission model is developed and parameterized to poplar. Next, HIPV concentrations within the canopy are inferred as a function of dispersion, transport and chemical degradation of the compounds. We show that the ability of HIPVs to reveal herbivory varies from almost perfect to no better than chance and interacts with canopy conditions. Model predictions matched well with leaf-emission measurements and field and laboratory assays. The chemical class a compound belongs to predicted the signalling ability of a compound only to a minor extent, whereas compound characteristics such as its reaction rate with atmospheric oxidants, biosynthesis rate upon herbivory and volatility were much more important predictors. This study shows the power of merging fields of plant-insect interactions and atmospheric chemistry research to increase our understanding of the ecological significance of HIPVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Douma
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University6708PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University6708PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Laurens N. Ganzeveld
- Meteorology and Air Quality, Department of Environmental SciencesWageningen University6708PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sybille B. Unsicker
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745JenaGermany
| | - G. Andreas Boeckler
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745JenaGermany
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University6708PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Parrilli M, Sommaggio D, Tassini C, Di Marco S, Osti F, Ferrari R, Metruccio E, Masetti A, Burgio G. The role of Trichoderma spp. and silica gel in plant defence mechanisms and insect response in vineyard. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:771-780. [PMID: 31097045 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several elicitors, stimulating induced resistance mechanisms, have potential in preventing or mitigating pathogen infections. Some of these compounds, triggering the production of jasmonic acid (JA), a precursor of herbivore-induced plant volatiles, could also play a central role in indirect resistance to pest species, by improving beneficial arthropod performance, and necrotrophic pathogens. In the current work, Trichoderma gamsii/T. asperellum and silica gel treatments - alone and in combination - were studied to evaluate the plant defence mechanism on grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) by laboratory and field trials. JA production level was measured before and after Plasmopara viticola infection on potted vines. JA production induced by silica gel was higher than that caused by Trichoderma before infection. In Trichoderma-treated plants, JA production increased after P. viticola inoculation. In vineyard field trials, Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) showed higher captures in transparent sticky traps on silica gel-treated plants, in comparison with control. On the other hand, no significant attraction was detected for Ichneumonoidea and other Chalcidoidea in silica gel and T. gamsii/T. asperellum-treated plants. The potential effects of elicitors are discussed, in the frame of attract and reward strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Parrilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - D Sommaggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - C Tassini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - S Di Marco
- C.N.R. (Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche) Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, BO, Italy
| | - F Osti
- C.N.R. (Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche) Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, BO, Italy
| | - R Ferrari
- C.A.A. (Centro Agricoltura Ambiente G. Nicoli), Via Argini Nord 3351, 40014, Località Castello dei Ronchi, Crevalcore, BO, Italy
| | - E Metruccio
- C.N.R. (Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche) Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, BO, Italy
| | - A Masetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| | - G Burgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bustos‐Segura C, Cuny MAC, Benrey B. Parasitoids of leaf herbivores enhance plant fitness and do not alter caterpillar‐induced resistance against seed beetles. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bustos‐Segura
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Maximilien A. C. Cuny
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Betty Benrey
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Systemic acquired resistance networks amplify airborne defense cues. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3813. [PMID: 31444353 PMCID: PMC6707303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA)-mediated innate immune responses are activated in plants perceiving volatile monoterpenes. Here, we show that monoterpene-associated responses are propagated in feed-forward loops involving the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling components pipecolic acid, glycerol-3-phosphate, and LEGUME LECTIN-LIKE PROTEIN1 (LLP1). In this cascade, LLP1 forms a key regulatory unit in both within-plant and between-plant propagation of immunity. The data integrate molecular components of SAR into systemic signaling networks that are separate from conventional, SA-associated innate immune mechanisms. These networks are central to plant-to-plant propagation of immunity, potentially raising SAR to the population level. In this process, monoterpenes act as microbe-inducible plant volatiles, which as part of plant-derived volatile blends have the potential to promote the generation of a wave of innate immune signaling within canopies or plant stands. Hence, plant-to-plant propagation of SAR holds significant potential to fortify future durable crop protection strategies following a single volatile trigger. Plants immune responses are triggered upon perception of volatile monoterpenes. Here, Wenig et al. show that a feed-forward loop featuring LEGUME LECTIN-LIKE PROTEIN1 propagates monoterpene-associated cues both within and between plants, illustrating how systemic immunity could act at a population level.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ghosh E, Venkatesan R. Plant Volatiles Modulate Immune Responses of Spodoptera litura. J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:715-724. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
45
|
Li Z, Paul R, Ba Tis T, Saville AC, Hansel JC, Yu T, Ristaino JB, Wei Q. Non-invasive plant disease diagnostics enabled by smartphone-based fingerprinting of leaf volatiles. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:856-866. [PMID: 31358961 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogen detection conventionally relies on molecular technology that is complicated, time-consuming and constrained to centralized laboratories. We developed a cost-effective smartphone-based volatile organic compound (VOC) fingerprinting platform that allows non-invasive diagnosis of late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans by monitoring characteristic leaf volatile emissions in the field. This handheld device integrates a disposable colourimetric sensor array consisting of plasmonic nanocolorants and chemo-responsive organic dyes to detect key plant volatiles at the ppm level within 1 min of reaction. We demonstrate the multiplexed detection and classification of ten individual plant volatiles with this field-portable VOC-sensing platform, which allows for early detection of tomato late blight 2 d after inoculation, and differentiation from other pathogens of tomato that lead to similar symptoms on tomato foliage. Furthermore, we demonstrate a detection accuracy of ≥95% in diagnosis of P. infestans in both laboratory-inoculated and field-collected tomato leaves in blind pilot tests. Finally, the sensor platform has been beta-tested for detection of P. infestans in symptomless tomato plants in the greenhouse setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rajesh Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Taleb Ba Tis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Amanda C Saville
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jeana C Hansel
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jean B Ristaino
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Mair MM, Ruther J. Chemical Ecology of the Parasitoid Wasp Genus Nasonia (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
48
|
Abstract
Microorganisms colonizing plant surfaces and internal tissues provide a number of life-support functions for their host. Despite increasing recognition of the vast functional capabilities of the plant microbiome, our understanding of the ecology and evolution of the taxonomically hyperdiverse microbial communities is limited. Here, we review current knowledge of plant genotypic and phenotypic traits as well as allogenic and autogenic factors that shape microbiome composition and functions. We give specific emphasis to the impact of plant domestication on microbiome assembly and how insights into microbiomes of wild plant relatives and native habitats can contribute to reinstate or enrich for microorganisms with beneficial effects on plant growth, development, and health. Finally, we introduce new concepts and perspectives in plant microbiome research, in particular how community ecology theory can provide a mechanistic framework to unravel the interplay of distinct ecological processes-i.e., selection, dispersal, drift, diversification-that structure the plant microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Cordovez
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Víctor J Carrión
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; .,Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; .,Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang X, Sun J, Bao L, Mei Q, Wei B, An Z, Xie J, He M. Mechanisms and Kinetic Parameters for the Gas-Phase Reactions of 3-Methyl-3-buten-2-one and 3-Methyl-3-penten-2-one with Ozone. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2745-2755. [PMID: 30840458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ozonolysis of unsaturated ketones is a common atmospheric chemical process that plays a significant role in controlling the atmospheric budget of OH and O3, organic acids, and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). In this work, the detailed reaction mechanism and rate coefficients for the reactions of O3 with two unsaturated ketones, 3-methyl-3-buten-2-one (MBO332) and 3-methyl-3-penten-2-one (MPO332), were investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The results indicate that the major products are butanedione and formaldehyde for MBO332, and butanedione and acetaldehyde for MPO332. Possible reaction mechanism and thermodynamic parameters of some complex stable Criegee intermediates (SCIs) RR'COO were also be investigated in this study. Some organic peroxides can be regarded as the main products for the further reactions of SCIs. The rate constants calculated with O3 are 2.59 × 10-16 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and 2.28 × 10-16 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for MBO332 and MPO332 at 298 K and 1 atm. The total rate constant is negatively correlated with temperature (200-400 K) and positively correlated with pressure. The atmospheric half-lives of MBO332 and MPO332 based on O3 are estimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Sun
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Bao
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Qiong Mei
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Zexiu An
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Ju Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002 , P. R. China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cusumano A, Harvey JA, Dicke M, Poelman EH. Hyperparasitoids exploit herbivore-induced plant volatiles during host location to assess host quality and non-host identity. Oecologia 2019; 189:699-709. [PMID: 30725370 PMCID: PMC6418317 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although consumers often rely on chemical information to optimize their foraging strategies, it is poorly understood how top carnivores above the third trophic level find resources in heterogeneous environments. Hyperparasitoids are a common group of organisms in the fourth trophic level that lay their eggs in or on the body of other parasitoid hosts. Such top carnivores use herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to find caterpillars containing parasitoid host larvae. Hyperparasitoids forage in complex environments where hosts of different quality may be present alongside non-host parasitoid species, each of which can develop in multiple herbivore species. Because both the identity of the herbivore species and its parasitization status can affect the composition of HIPV emission, hyperparasitoids encounter considerable variation in HIPVs during host location. Here, we combined laboratory and field experiments to investigate the role of HIPVs in host selection of hyperparasitoids that search for hosts in a multi-parasitoid multi-herbivore context. In a wild Brassica oleracea-based food web, the hyperparasitoid Lysibia nana preferred HIPVs emitted in response to caterpillars parasitized by the gregarious host Cotesia glomerata over the non-host Hyposoter ebeninus. However, no plant-mediated discrimination occurred between the solitary host C. rubecula and the non-host H. ebeninus. Under both laboratory and field conditions, hyperparasitoid responses were not affected by the herbivore species (Pieris brassicae or P. rapae) in which the three primary parasitoid species developed. Our study shows that HIPVs are an important source of information within multitrophic interaction networks allowing hyperparasitoids to find their preferred hosts in heterogeneous environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Cusumano
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeffrey A Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Section Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|