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Zhang Z, Li Y, Wen S, Yang S, Zhu H, Zhou H. Metabolomics Reveals the Impact of Overexpression of Cytosolic Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase on Photosynthesis and Growth in Nannochloropsis gaditana. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6800. [PMID: 38928505 PMCID: PMC11204352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nannochloropsis gaditana, a microalga known for its photosynthetic efficiency, serves as a cell factory, producing valuable biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and pigments. These components make it an ideal candidate for biofuel production and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we genetically engineered N. gaditana to overexpress the enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cyFBPase) using the Hsp promoter, aiming to enhance sugar metabolism and biomass accumulation. The modified algal strain, termed NgFBP, exhibited a 1.34-fold increase in cyFBPase activity under photoautotrophic conditions. This modification led to a doubling of biomass production and an increase in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content in fatty acids to 20.78-23.08%. Additionally, the genetic alteration activated the pathways related to glycine, protoporphyrin, thioglucosides, pantothenic acid, CoA, and glycerophospholipids. This shift in carbon allocation towards chloroplast development significantly enhanced photosynthesis and growth. The outcomes of this study not only improve our understanding of photosynthesis and carbon allocation in N. gaditana but also suggest new biotechnological methods to optimize biomass yield and compound production in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (S.Y.)
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (S.Y.)
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Shuting Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (S.Y.)
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Shu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (S.Y.)
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
| | - Hantao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (S.Y.)
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
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Vedalankar P, Tripathy BC. Light dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase: a succinct look. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:719-731. [PMID: 38846463 PMCID: PMC11150229 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Reducing protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) is a major regulatory step in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. This reaction is catalyzed by light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) in oxygenic phototrophs, particularly angiosperms. LPOR-NADPH and Pchlide form a ternary complex to be efficiently photo-transformed to synthesize Chlide and, subsequently, chlorophyll during the transition from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis. Besides lipids, carotenoids and poly-cis xanthophylls influence the formation of the photoactive LPOR complexes and the PLBs. The crystal structure of LPOR reveals evolutionarily conserved cysteine residues implicated in the Pchlide binding and catalysis around the active site. Different isoforms of LPOR viz PORA, PORB, and PORC expressed at different stages of chloroplast development play a photoprotective role by quickly transforming the photosensitive Pchlide to Chlide. Non-photo-transformed Pchlide acts as a photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen that causes oxidative stress and cell death. Therefore, different isoforms of LPOR have evolved and differentially expressed during plant development to protect plants from photodamage and thus play a pivotal role during photomorphogenesis. This review brings out the salient features of LPOR structure, structure-function relationships, and ultra-fast photo transformation of Pchlide to Chlide by oligomeric and polymeric forms of LPOR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baishnab C. Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
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Ling Y, Tan M, Xi Y, Li Z. Differential drought tolerance among dichondra (Dichondra repens) genotypes in relation to alterations in chlorophyll metabolism, osmotic adjustment, and accumulation of organic metabolites. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01943-0. [PMID: 38492055 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Dichondra (Dichondra repens) is an important ground cover plant for landscaping and establishment of green space, but adaptive mechanism of drought tolerance is not well understood in this species. This study was conducted to compare differential response to drought stress among three genotypes (Dr5, Duliujiang, and Dr29) based on integrated physiological, ultrastructural, and metabolic assays. Results showed that drought significantly inhibited photosynthesis, accelerated lipids peroxidation, and also disrupted water balance and cellular metabolism in dichondra plants. Dr5 showed better photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and water homeostasis, less oxidative damage, and more stable chlorophyll metabolism than Duliujinag or Dr29 in response to drought stress. In addition, Dr5 accumulated more amino acids, organic acids, and other metabolites, which was good for maintaining better antioxidant capacity, osmotic homeostasis, and energy metabolism under drought stress. Drought tolerance of Duliujiang was lower than Dr5, but better than Dr29, which could be positively correlated with accumulations of sucrose, maltitol, aconitic acid, isocitric acid, and shikimic acid due to critical roles of these metabolites in osmotic adjustment and metabolic homeostasis. Current findings provide insights into understanding of underlying mechanism of metabolic regulation in dichondra species. Dr5 could be used as an important drought-tolerant resource for cultivation and water-saving breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ling
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Meng Tan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yi Xi
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Qin C, Lian H, Zhang B, He Z, Alsahli AA, Ahanger MA. Synergistic influence of selenium and silicon supplementation prevents the oxidative effects of arsenic stress in wheat. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133304. [PMID: 38159516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Influence of supplementation of selenium (Se, 1 and 5 µM) and silicon (Si, 0.1 and 0.5 mM) was investigated in wheat under arsenic (30 µM As) stress. Plants grown under As stress exhibited a significant decline in growth parameters however, Se and Si supplementation mitigated the decline significantly. Treatment of Se and Si alleviated the reduction in the intermediate components of chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and the content of photosynthetic pigments. Arsenic stressed plants exhibited increased reactive oxygen species accumulation and the NADPH oxidase activity which were lowered significantly due to Se and Si treatments. Moreover, Se and Si supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation and activity of lipoxygenase and protease under As stress. Supplementation of Se and Si significantly improved the antioxidant activities and the content of cysteine, tocopherol, reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid. Treatment of Se and Si alleviated the reduction in nitrate reductase activity. Exogenously applied Se and Si mitigated the reduction in mineral elements and reduced As accumulation. Hence, supplementation of Se and Si is beneficial in preventing the alterations in growth and metabolism of wheat under As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Huida Lian
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhan He
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abass Ahanger
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
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Liu Y, Xu J, Lu X, Huang M, Mao Y, Li C, Yu W, Li C. Carbon monoxide is involved in melatonin-enhanced drought resistance in tomato seedlings by enhancing chlorophyll synthesis pathway. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:97. [PMID: 38331770 PMCID: PMC10854177 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is thought to be a major abiotic stress that dramatically limits tomato growth and production. As signal molecule, melatonin (MT) and carbon monoxide (CO) can enhance plant stress resistance. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of CO involving MT-mediated drought resistance in seedling growth remains unknown. In this study, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Micro-Tom') seedlings were used to investigate the interaction and mechanism of MT and CO in response to drought stress. RESULTS The growth of tomato seedlings was inhibited significantly under drought stress. Exogenous MT or CO mitigated the drought-induced impairment in a dose-dependent manner, with the greatest efficiency provided by 100 and 500 µM, respectively. But application of hemoglobin (Hb, a CO scavenger) restrained the positive effects of MT on the growth of tomato seedlings under drought stress. MT and CO treatment promoted chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll a (Chl b) accumulations. Under drought stress, the intermediate products of chlorophyll biosynthesis such as protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto IX), potochlorophyllide (Pchlide) and heme were increased by MT or CO, but uroporphyrinogen III (Uro III) content decreased in MT-treated or CO-treated tomato seedlings. Meanwhile, MT or CO up-regulated the expression of chlorophyll and heme synthetic-related genes SlUROD, SlPPOX, SlMGMT, SlFECH, SlPOR, SlChlS, and SlCAO. However, the effects of MT on chlorophyll biosynthesis were almost reversed by Hb. CONCLUSION The results suggested that MT and CO can alleviate drought stress and facilitate the synthesis of Chl and heme in tomato seedlings. CO played an essential role in MT-enhanced drought resistance via facilitating chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Junrong Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xuefang Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Mengxiao Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuanzhi Mao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chuanghao Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenjin Yu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Changxia Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Lian H, Qin C, Shen J, Ahanger MA. Alleviation of Adverse Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism in Mungbean ( Vigna radiata) by Sulphur and Nitric Oxide Involves Up-Regulation of Antioxidant and Osmolyte Metabolism and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3082. [PMID: 37687329 PMCID: PMC10490269 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of drought induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the alleviatory effect of nitric oxide (50 µM) and sulphur (S, 1 mM K2SO4) were studied in Vigna radiata. Drought stress reduced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and the content of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and sulphur. The foliar applications of NO and sulphur each individually alleviated the decline, with a greater alleviation observed in seedlings treated with both NO and sulphur. The reduction in intermediates of chlorophyll synthesis pathways and photosynthesis were alleviated by NO and sulphur. Oxidative stress was evident through the increased hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and activity of lipoxygenase and protease which were significantly assuaged by NO, sulphur and NO + sulphur treatments. A reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase was mitigated due to the application of NO and the supplementation of sulphur. The endogenous concentration of NO and hydrogen sulphide (HS) was increased due to PEG; however, the PEG-induced increase in NO and HS was lowered due to NO and sulphur. Furthermore, NO and sulphur treatments to PEG-stressed seedlings further enhanced the functioning of the antioxidant system, osmolytes and secondary metabolite accumulation. Activities of γ-glutamyl kinase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were up-regulated due to NO and S treatments. The treatment of NO and S regulated the expression of the Cu/ZnSOD, POD, CAT, RLP, HSP70 and LEA genes significantly under normal and drought stress. The present study advocates for the beneficial use of NO and sulphur in the mitigation of drought-induced alterations in the metabolism of Vigna radiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huida Lian
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
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Lu J, Dong Q, Lan G, He Z, Zhou D, Zhang H, Wang X, Liu X, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Wan S, Zhao X, Yu H. Row ratio increasing improved light distribution, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield of peanut in the maize and peanut strip intercropping system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135580. [PMID: 37521911 PMCID: PMC10377676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the canopy microclimate in intercropping systems, particularly in the light environment, have important effects on the physiological characteristics of photosynthesis and yield of crops. Although different row ratio configurations and strip widths of dwarf crops in intercropping systems have important effects on canopy microclimate, little information is available on the effects of intercropping on chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic physiological properties of dwarf crops. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020, with five treatments: sole maize (SM), sole peanut (SP), four rows of maize intercropping with eight rows of peanut (M4P8), four rows of maize intercropping with four rows of peanut (M4P4), and four rows of maize intercropping with two rows of peanut (M4P2). The results showed that the light transmittance [photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)], photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) of intercropped peanut canopy were reduced, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) was increased, compared with SP. In particular, the M4P8 pattern Pn (2-year mean) was reduced by 5.68%, 5.33%, and 5.30%; Tr was reduced by 7.41%, 5.45%, and 5.95%; and Gs was reduced by 8.20%, 6.88%, and 6.46%; and Ci increased by 11.95%, 8.06%, and 9.61% compared to SP, at the flowering needle stage, pod stage, and maturity, respectively. M4P8 improves the content of chlorophyll synthesis precursor and conversion efficiency, which promotes the utilization efficiency of light energy. However, it was significantly reduced in M4P2 and M4P4 treatment. The dry matter accumulation and pod yield of peanut in M4P8 treatment decreased, but the proportion of dry matter distribution in the late growth period was more transferred to pods. The full pod number decreases as the peanut row ratio decreases and increases with year, but there is no significant difference between years. M4P8 has the highest yield and land use efficiency and can be used as a reference row ratio configuration for maize-peanut intercropping to obtain relatively high yield benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntian Lu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Maize Research Institute, Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dandong, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiqi Dong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guohu Lan
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zecheng He
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongying Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xibo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunji Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiqiu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Ajmal M, Ullah R, Muhammad Z, Khan MN, Kakar HA, Kaplan A, Okla MK, Saleh IA, Kamal A, Abdullah A, Abdul Razak S. Kinetin Capped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Improve Plant Growth and Ameliorate Resistivity to Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Induced Drought Stress in Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek (Mung Bean). Molecules 2023; 28:5059. [PMID: 37446722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are sessile and mostly exposed to various environmental stresses which hamper plant growth, development, and significantly decline its production. Drought stress is considered to be one of the most significant limiting factors for crop plants, notably in arid and semi-arid parts the world. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of different concentrations (10, 100, and 200 µg/mL) of kinetin capped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Kn-ZnONPs) on Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek under varying levels (5%, 10%, 15%) of PEG-induced drought stress. ZnONPs were synthesized by a co-precipitation method using Zinc acetate as a precursor at pH-12, incinerated to 500 °C, and kinetin was used as a surface functionalizing agent. The resulting Kn-ZnONPs were characterized by various contemporary analytical techniques, including SEM, SEM-EDS, XRD, DLS, and Zeta potential and IR spectroscopy. Crystalline Kn-ZnONPs, with a zeta potential of 27.8 mV and a size of 67.78 nm, of hexagonal wurtzite structure and vibrational stretches associated with N-H, C-O, C-N, etc., were confirmed. PEG-induced drought stress significantly reduced the growth of V. radiata by declining the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Moreover, a significant decrease in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), soluble sugar contents, proline, protein contents, phenol, and tannin were observed compared to the control. However, the exogenous application of Kn-ZnONPs ameliorated all photosynthetic parameters by up-regulating the antioxidant defense system through the promotion of SOD, POD, CAT, and lipid peroxidation levels. The biochemical parameters, such as proteins, soluble sugars, and proline, were observed to be maximum in plants treated with 200 µg/mL Kn-ZnONPs under 5% drought stress. The application of Kn-ZnONPs also enhanced the total phenol contents, flavonoid, and tannin contents. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that the exogenous application of Kn-ZnONPs provides beneficial effects to V. radiata by attenuating the damaging effects of drought stress through the up-regulation of the antioxidant defense system and osmolytes. These results suggest that Kn-ZnONPs have potential as a novel approach to improve crop productivity under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Ajmal
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Rehman Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Zahir Muhammad
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nauman Khan
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
- University Public School, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | | | - Alevcan Kaplan
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Sason Vocational School, Batman University, Batman 72060, Turkey
| | - Mohammad K Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asif Kamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Abdullah
- Faculty of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), 82152 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Abdul Razak
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Karami S, Shiran B, Ravash R, Fallahi H. A comprehensive analysis of transcriptomic data for comparison of plants with different photosynthetic pathways in response to drought stress. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287761. [PMID: 37368898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The main factor leading to a decrease in crop productivity is abiotic stresses, particularly drought. Plants with C4 and CAM photosynthesis are better adapted to drought-prone areas than C3 plants. Therefore, it is beneficial to compare the stress response of plants with different photosynthetic pathways. Since most crops are C3 and C4 plants, this study focused on conducting an RNA-seq meta-analysis to investigate and compare how C3 and C4 plants respond to drought stress at the gene expression level in their leaves. Additionally, the accuracy of the meta-analysis results was confirmed with RT-qPCR. Based on the functional enrichment and network analysis, hub genes related to ribosomal proteins and photosynthesis were found to play a potential role in stress response. Moreover, our findings suggest that the low abundant amino acid degradation pathway, possibly through providing ATP source for the TCA cycle, in both groups of plants and the activation of the OPPP pathway in C4 plants, through providing the electron source required by this plant, can help to improve drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Karami
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shiran
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rudabeh Ravash
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Liu H, Sun J, Zou J, Li B, Jin H. MeJA-mediated enhancement of salt-tolerance of Populus wutunensis by 5-aminolevulinic acid. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:185. [PMID: 37024791 PMCID: PMC10077631 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural and environmentally benign multifunctional plant growth regulator involved in the regulation of plant tolerance to various environmental stresses. This research aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in Populus wutunensis induced by exogenous ALA using physiological and transcriptomic analyses. RESULTS Physiological results showed that 50 mg·L- 1 ALA-treatment significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the relative electrical conductivity (REC) and enhanced antioxidant activities of enzymes such as SOD, POD and CAT in salt-stressed P. wutunensis seedlings. Transcriptome analysis identified ALA-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associating with increased salt-tolerance in P. wutunensis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that ALA activated the jasmonic acid signaling and significantly enhanced the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Results of the hormone-quantification by LC-MS/MS-based assays showed that ALA could increase the accumulation of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in salt-stressed P. wutunensis. Induced contents of soluble proteins and flavonoids by exogenous ALA in salt-treated seedlings were also correlated with the MeJA content. CONCLUSION 5-aminolevulinic acid improved the protein-folding efficiency in the endoplasmic reticulum and the flavonoid-accumulation through the MeJA-activated jasmonic acid signaling, thereby increased salt-tolerance in P. wutunensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Jingliang Sun
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Jixiang Zou
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Baisheng Li
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Hua Jin
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
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Zhang D, Li J, Li X, Wang M, Zhong Y, Chen G, Xiao H, Zhang Y. Phytoremediation of fluoroalkylethers (ether-PFASs): A review on bioaccumulation and ecotoxilogical effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161260. [PMID: 36587702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylethers (ether-PFASs), as alternatives to phased-out per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), have attracted mounting attention due to their ubiquitous detection in aquatic environment and their similarity to legacy PFASs in terms of persistence and toxicity. In this review, the sources and distribution of ether-PFASs in soil ecosystem as well as their toxic impacts on soil microbial community are summarized. The plant uptake and bioaccumulation potential of ether-PFASs are presented, and a wide range of the influencing factors for their uptake and translocation is discussed. In response to ether-PFASs, the corresponding phytotoxic effects, such as seed germination, plant growth, photosynthesis, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzymes activities, and genotoxicity, are systematically elucidated. Finally, the current knowledge gaps and future research prospective are highlighted. The findings of this review will advance our understanding for the environmental behavior and implications ether-PFASs in soil-plant systems and help explore the strategies for ether-PFASs remediation to minimize their adverse toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Jiaying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xia Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Mo Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yongming Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Gaolin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Hongyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Chen H, Jin J, Hu S, Shen L, Zhang P, Li Z, Fang Z, Liu H. Metabolomics and proteomics reveal the toxicological mechanisms of florfenicol stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130264. [PMID: 36327828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the ecological impacts of antibiotics have received attention worldwide, research on the toxicity of florfenicol is still limited. We conducted a metabolomic and proteomic study on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings to reveal the toxicological mechanism of florfenicol. The growth of the wheat seedlings was found to be inhibited by florfenicol. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase), malondialdehyde content and membrane permeability increased with increasing florfenicol concentration. The contents of chlorophyll and chlorophyll synthesis precursor substances (Proto IX, Mg-proto IX and Pchlide), photosynthetic and respiration rates, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased, indicating that photosynthesis was inhibited. The ultrastructure of chloroplasts was destroyed, as evidenced by the blurred membrane surface, irregular grana arrangement, irregular thylakoid lamella structure, and increased plastoglobuli number. Proteome analysis revealed that up-regulated proteins were highly involved in protein refolding, translation, oxidation-reduction, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), reactive oxygen species metabolic process, cellular oxidant detoxification, and response to oxidative stress. The down-regulated proteins were mainly enriched in photosynthesis-related pathways. In the metabolome analysis, the content of most of the metabolites in wheat leaves, such as carbohydrates and amino acids increased significantly (p < 0.05). Combined pathway analysis showed that florfenicol stress stimulated the TCA cycle pathway and downregulated the photosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Instrumental analysis center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jiaojun Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Instrumental analysis center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Shuhao Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Instrumental analysis center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Luoqin Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Instrumental analysis center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Instrumental analysis center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Instrumental analysis center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Instrumental analysis center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Instrumental analysis center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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13
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Moustakas M, Sperdouli I, Moustaka J, Şaş B, İşgören S, Morales F. Mechanistic Insights on Salicylic Acid Mediated Enhancement of Photosystem II Function in Oregano Seedlings Subjected to Moderate Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030518. [PMID: 36771603 PMCID: PMC9919124 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic climate change has led to an increase in the intensity and frequency of drought episodes and, together with the high light conditions of the Mediterranean area, detrimentally influences crop production. Salicylic acid (SA) has been shown to supress phototoxicity, offering photosystem II (PSII) photoprotection. In the current study, we attempted to reveal the mechanism by which SA is improving PSII efficiency in oregano seedlings under moderate drought stress (MoDS). Foliar application of SA decreased chlorophyll content under normal growth conditions, but under MoDS increased chlorophyll content, compared to H2O-sprayed oregano seedlings. SA improved the PSII efficiency of oregano seedlings under normal growth conditions at high light (HL), and under MoDS, at both low light (LL) and HL. The mechanism by which, under normal growth conditions and HL, SA sprayed oregano seedlings compared to H2O-sprayed exhibited a more efficient PSII photochemistry, was the increased (17%) fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp), and the increased (7%) efficiency of these open reaction centers (Fv'/Fm'), which resulted in an enhanced (24%) electron transport rate (ETR). SA application under MoDS, by modulating chlorophyll content, resulted in optimized antenna size and enhanced effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) under both LL (7%) and HL (25%), compared to non-SA-sprayed oregano seedlings. This increased effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) was due to the enhanced efficiency of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), and the increased fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp), which resulted in an increased electron transport rate (ETR) and a lower amount of singlet oxygen (1O2) production with less excess excitation energy (EXC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation–Demeter (ELGO-Demeter), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Begüm Şaş
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sumrunaz İşgören
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Navarra, Spain
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14
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Mubashir A, Nisa ZU, Shah AA, Kiran M, Hussain I, Ali N, Zhang L, Madnay MMY, Alsiary WA, Korany SM, Ashraf M, Al-Mur BA, AbdElgawad H. Effect of foliar application of nano-nutrients solution on growth and biochemical attributes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1066790. [PMID: 36714778 PMCID: PMC9879269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1066790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drought stress has drastically hampered the growth and yield of many crops. Therefore, environmentally safe agricultural techniques are needed to mitigate drought stress impact. To this end, foliar spray of nano-nutrients solution to (NNS) alleviate harmful aspects of drought stress. METHODS In a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment, seedlings were transplanted into pots at 2-3 leaf stage, each filled with loam-compost- organic manure soil (3:1:1). Plants were divided into two groups. (a) control group (b) applied stress group. Plants at vegetative stage were treated with 100% FC for control group and 60% FC for drought group, and these levels were maintained until harvesting. Three treatments of NNS with four levels i.e., 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% were given to all the pots after two weeks of drought stress treatment with a gap of 5 days at vegetative stage. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Application of 1% of nano-nutrient solution displayed an improvement in shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight, number of leaves and flowers. Leaf chlorophylls and carotenoids and total phenolics contents were found maximum while minimum electrolyte leakage was observed at 3% application compared to control. Further, 1% application of NNS increased the Leaf RWC%, total soluble sugars, flavonoids contents. 5% NNS application exhibited higher total free amino acids with minimum lipid peroxidation rate in leaves of tomato under drought. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in a concentration dependent manner as gradual increase was observed at 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively. Overall, this study introduced a new insights on using nano-nutrient solutions to maintain natural resources and ensure agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areesha Mubashir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaib-un- Nisa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Kiran
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqtidar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Naila Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, North West Agricultural and Forestry University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mahmoud M. Y. Madnay
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Waleed A. Alsiary
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereen Magdy Korany
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bandar A. Al-Mur
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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15
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Cui B, Wang X, Su Y, Gong C, Zhang D, Ouyang Z, Wang X. Responses of tree growth, leaf area and physiology to pavement in Ginkgo biloba and Platanus orientalis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003266. [PMID: 36531361 PMCID: PMC9751631 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trees growing on paved lands endure many environmental stresses in the urban environment. However, the morphological and physiological mechanisms underlying tree adaptation to pavement in the field are less known. In this study, we investigated 40 sites where Ginkgo biloba and Platanus orientalis grow on adjacent pairs of paved and vegetated plots in parks and roadsides in Beijing, China. Relative to the vegetated land, the mean increments in the diameter at breast height and height in the paved land were significantly decreased by 44.5% and 31.9% for G. biloba and 31.7% and 60.1% for P. orientalis, respectively. These decreases are related to both the decrease in assimilation products due to the reductions in leaf area, leaf total nitrogen content, and chlorophyll content and the increase in energy cost due to the synthesis of more soluble sugar and proline for mitigating stress. The increase in leaf soluble sugar content, proline content, and δ13C indicated that trees could adapt to the paved land through the regulation of osmotic balance and the enhancement of water-use efficiency. Piecewise structural equation models showed that trees growing on the paved land are stressed by compounding impacts of the leaf morphological and physiological changes. Therefore, it is critical to explore the complex response of plant morphological and physiological traits to the pavement-induced stress for improving tree health in urban greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuebo Su
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Qin C, Shen J, Ahanger MA. Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate-glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1039480. [PMID: 36388564 PMCID: PMC9646532 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1039480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of exogenously applied nitric oxide (NO; 50 µM) and spermidine (Spd; 100 µM) in alleviating the damaging effects of Ni (1 mM NiSO46H2O) toxicity on the growth, chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis, and mineral content in tomato. Ni treatment significantly reduced the plant height, dry mass, and the contents of glutamate 1-semialdehyde, δ-amino levulinic acid, prototoporphyrin IX, Mg-prototoporphyrin IX, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids; however, the application of NO and Spd alleviated the decline considerably. Supplementation of NO and Spd mitigated the Ni-induced decline in photosynthesis, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Ni caused oxidative damage, while the application of NO, Spd, and NO+Spd significantly reduced the oxidative stress parameters under normal and Ni toxicity. The application of NO and Spd enhanced the function of the antioxidant system and upregulated the activity of glyoxalase enzymes, reflecting significant reduction of the oxidative effects and methylglyoxal accumulation. Tolerance against Ni was further strengthened by the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine due to NO and Spd application. The decrease in the uptake of essential mineral elements such as N, P, K, and Mg was alleviated by NO and Spd. Hence, individual and combined supplementation of NO and Spd effectively alleviates the damaging effects of Ni on tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi, China
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17
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Heck T, Fipke MV, Polito RA, Souza GM, Agostinetto D, Nunes AL, de Avila LA. High Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration Mitigates Drought Effects on Acanthostyles buniifolius an Important Grassland Weed in South America. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2270. [PMID: 36079650 PMCID: PMC9459995 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The differential growth and yield response of plant species to rising carbon dioxide concentrations and climatic change may alter species diversity within biomes. The Pampa Biome in South America is an important grassland biome of agronomic and environmental importance. Acanthostyles buniifolius (Chirca) is one of the most important weeds in natural pasture areas widely distributed in southern South America and can adversely affect livestock production. The current study was designed to identify possible responses of Chirca to CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and drought that would indicate higher adaptation and potential proliferation within the Pampa Biome. Chirca plants were cultivated at two CO2 concentrations (400 (a[CO2]) and 700 (e[CO2]) µmol mol-1) and two water conditions (under water restriction-15% of the pot capacity; and plants without water restriction-pot capacity). Besides growth parameters, we also determined water potential (ѱw), relative water contents (RWC), proline, glycine betaine, total soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, chlorophyll A and B, carotenoids and root dry mass (RDM). Plants exposed to e[CO2] are more efficient in water use and have a greater increase in root dry mass, enabling greater adaptation to climate-induced droughts. Among the biochemical changes observed in the plants under drought stress, the accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, and total soluble sugars were the most evident mechanisms allowing plants to tolerate drought stress by osmotic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Heck
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Fipke
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Rubens Antonio Polito
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Maia Souza
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Agostinetto
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Anderson Luis Nunes
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Rodovia RS 135, Km 32,5 Distrito Eng. Luiz Englert, Sertão 99170-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio de Avila
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, Brazil
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18
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Tang H, Hassan MU, Feng L, Nawaz M, Shah AN, Qari SH, Liu Y, Miao J. The Critical Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Improve Drought Tolerance and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:919166. [PMID: 35873982 PMCID: PMC9298553 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.919166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress (DS) is a serious abiotic stress and a major concern across the globe as its intensity is continuously climbing. Therefore, it is direly needed to develop new management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of DS to ensure better crop productivity and food security. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has emerged as an important approach in recent years to improve crop productivity under DS conditions. AMF establishes a relationship with 80% of land plants and it induces pronounced impacts on plant growth and provides protection to plants from abiotic stress. Drought stress significantly reduces plant growth and development by inducing oxidative stress, disturbing membrane integrity, plant water relations, nutrient uptake, photosynthetic activity, photosynthetic apparatus, and anti-oxidant activities. However, AMF can significantly improve the plant tolerance against DS. AMF maintains membrane integrity, improves plant water contents, nutrient and water uptake, and water use efficiency (WUE) therefore, improve the plant growth under DS. Moreover, AMF also protects the photosynthetic apparatus from drought-induced oxidative stress and improves photosynthetic efficiency, osmolytes, phenols and hormone accumulation, and reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing anti-oxidant activities and gene expression which provide the tolerance to plants against DS. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the role of AMF in plants grown under DS. This review presented the different functions of AMF in different responses of plants under DS. We have provided a detailed picture of the different mechanisms mediated by AMF to induce drought tolerance in plants. Moreover, we also identified the potential research gaps that must be fulfilled for a promising future for AMF. Lastly, nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient needed for plant growth and development, however, the efficiency of applied N fertilizers is quite low. Therefore, we also present the information on how AMF improves N uptake and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Tang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Jianqun Miao
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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19
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Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses of Illicium difengpi to Drought Stress. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Illicium difengpi Kib and Kim, an endangered plant unique to karst areas in China, has evolved an extremely high tolerance to arid environments. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the response to drought stress in I. difengpi, physiological index determination and transcriptome sequencing experiments were conducted in biennial seedlings grown under different soil moisture conditions (70~80%, 40~50% and 10~20%). With increasing drought stress, the leaf chlorophyll content decreased, while the proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities also increased. Transcriptome sequencing and pairwise comparisons of the treatments revealed 2489, 4451 and 753 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CK70~80 vs. XP40~50, CK70~80 vs. XP10~20 and XP40~50 vs. XP10~20, respectively. These DEGs were divided into seven clusters according to their expression trends, and the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment results of different clusters indicated that genes in the hormone signal transduction and osmotic regulation pathways were greatly activated under mild drought stress. When drought stress increased, the DEGs related to membrane system and protein modification and folding were all upregulated; simultaneously, chitin catabolism- and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis-related genes were continuously upregulated throughout drought stress, while the genes involved in photosynthesis were downregulated. Here, 244 transcription factors derived from 10 families were also identified. These results lay a foundation for further research on the adaptation of I. difengpi to arid environments in karst areas and the establishment of a core regulatory relationship in its drought resistance mechanism.
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20
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Begum N, Wang L, Ahmad H, Akhtar K, Roy R, Khan MI, Zhao T. Co-inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improve Growth and Photosynthesis in Tobacco Under Drought Stress by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Mineral Nutrition Metabolism. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:971-988. [PMID: 34309697 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major environmental concern that limits crop growth on a large scale around the world. Significant efforts are required to overcome this issue in order to improve crop production. Therefore, the exciting role of beneficial microorganisms under stress conditions needs to be deeply explored. In this study, the role of two biotic entities, i.e., Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomus versiforme) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR, Bacillus methylotrophicus) inoculation in drought tolerance of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), was investigated. The present results showed that drought stress considerably reduced tobacco plant's growth and their physiological attributes. However, the plants co-inoculated with AMF and PGPR showed higher drought tolerance by bringing up significant improvement in the growth and biomass of tobacco plants. Moreover, the co-inoculation of AMF and PGPR considerably increased chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophylls, carotenoids, photosynthesis, and PSII efficiency by 96.99%, 76.90%, and 67.96% and 56.88%, 53.22%, and 33.43% under drought stress conditions, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that drought stress enhanced lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. However, the co-inoculation of AMF and PGPR reduced the electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation and significantly enhanced the accumulation of phenols and flavonoids by 57.85% and 71.74%. Similarly, the antioxidant enzymatic activity and the plant nutrition status were also considerably improved in co-inoculated plants under drought stress. Additionally, the AMF and PGPR inoculation also enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations by 67.71% and 54.41% in the shoots of tobacco plants. The current findings depicted that inoculation of AMF and PGPR (alone or in combination) enhanced the growth and mitigated the photosynthetic alteration with the consequent up-regulation of secondary metabolism, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheeda Begum
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Husain Ahmad
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kashif Akhtar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Rana Roy
- Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq Khan
- Department of Weed Science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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21
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Proteomic Investigation of Molecular Mechanisms in Response to PEG-Induced Drought Stress in Soybean Roots. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091173. [PMID: 35567174 PMCID: PMC9100407 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Roots are generally the critical drought sensors, but little is known about their molecular response to drought stress. We used the drought-tolerant soybean variety ‘Jiyu 47’ to investigate the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in soybean roots during the seedling stage based on the tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics analysis. Various expression patterns were observed in a total of six physiological parameters. A total of 468 DEPs (144 up-regulated and 324 down-regulated) among a total of 8687 proteins were identified in response to drought stress in 24 h. The expression of DEPs was further validated based on quantitative real-time PCR of a total of five genes (i.e., GmGSH, GmGST1, GmGST2 k GmCAT, and Gm6PGD) involved in the glutathione biosynthesis. Results of enrichment analyses revealed a coordinated expression pattern of proteins involved in various cellular metabolisms responding to drought stress in soybean roots. Our results showed that drought stress caused significant alterations in the expression of proteins involved in several metabolic pathways in soybean roots, including carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of the osmotic regulation substances, and antioxidant defense system (i.e., the glutathione metabolism). Increased production of reduced glutathione (GSH) enhanced the prevention of the damage caused by reactive oxygen species and the tolerance of the abiotic stress. The glutathione metabolism played a key role in modifying the antioxidant defense system in response to drought stress in soybean roots. Our proteomic study suggested that the soybean plants responded to drought stress by coordinating their protein expression during the vegetative stage, providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating the response to abiotic stress in plants.
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22
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Islam MR, Naveed SA, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhao X, Fiaz S, Zhang F, Wu Z, Hu Z, Fu B, Shi Y, Shah SM, Xu J, Wang W. Identification of Candidate Genes for Salinity and Anaerobic Tolerance at the Germination Stage in Rice by Genome-Wide Association Analyses. Front Genet 2022; 13:822516. [PMID: 35281797 PMCID: PMC8905349 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.822516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple stress tolerance at the seed germination stage is crucial for better crop establishment in the direct-seeded rice ecosystem. Therefore, identifying rice genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with salinity and anaerobic tolerance at the germination stage is a prerequisite for adaptive breeding. Here, we studied 498 highly diverse rice accessions Xian (Indica) and Geng (Japonica), and six traits that are highly associated with salinity and anaerobic tolerance at germination stage were measured. A high-density 2.8M Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) genotype map generated from the 3,000 Rice Genomes Project (3KRGP) was used for mapping through a genome-wide association study. In total, 99 loci harboring 117 QTLs were detected in different populations, 54, 21, and 42 of which were associated with anaerobic, salinity, and combined (anaerobic and salinity) stress tolerance. Nineteen QTLs were close to the reported loci for abiotic stress tolerance, whereas two regions on chromosome 4 (qSGr4a/qCL4c/qRI4d and qAGr4/qSGr4b) and one region on chromosome 10 (qRI10/qCL10/ qSGr10b/qBM10) were associated with anaerobic and salinity related traits. Further haplotype analysis detected 25 promising candidates genes significantly associated with the target traits. Two known genes (OsMT2B and OsTPP7) significantly associated with grain yield and its related traits under saline and anaerobic stress conditions were identified. In this study, we identified the genes involved in auxin efflux (Os09g0491740) and transportation (Os01g0976100), whereas we identified multistress responses gene OsMT2B (Os01g0974200) and a major gene OsTPP7 (Os09g0369400) involved in anaerobic germination and coleoptile elongation on chromosome 9. These promising candidates provide valuable resources for validating potential salt and anaerobic tolerance genes and will facilitate direct-seeded rice breeding for salt and anaerobic tolerance through marker-assisted selection or gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shahzad Amir Naveed
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqing Hu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binying Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyao Shi
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shahid Masood Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad-Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
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23
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Qari SH, Hassan MU, Chattha MU, Mahmood A, Naqve M, Nawaz M, Barbanti L, Alahdal MA, Aljabri M. Melatonin Induced Cold Tolerance in Plants: Physiological and Molecular Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843071. [PMID: 35371159 PMCID: PMC8967244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the most limiting factors for plant growth and development. Cold stress adversely affects plant physiology, molecular and biochemical processes by determining oxidative stress, poor nutrient and water uptake, disorganization of cellular membranes and reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Therefore, to recover impaired plant functions under cold stress, the application of bio-stimulants can be considered a suitable approach. Melatonin (MT) is a critical bio-stimulant that has often shown to enhance plant performance under cold stress. Melatonin application improved plant growth and tolerance to cold stress by maintaining membrane integrity, plant water content, stomatal opening, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient and water uptake, redox homeostasis, accumulation of osmolytes, hormones and secondary metabolites, and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through improved antioxidant activities and increase in expression of stress-responsive genes. Thus, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of MT induced cold tolerance and identify the diverse research gaps necessitating to be addressed in future research programs. This review discusses MT involvement in the control of various physiological and molecular responses for inducing cold tolerance. We also shed light on engineering MT biosynthesis for improving the cold tolerance in plants. Moreover, we highlighted areas where future research is needed to make MT a vital antioxidant conferring cold tolerance to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Naqve
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Lorenzo Barbanti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maryam A. Alahdal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljabri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Research Laboratories Centre, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Zhang Z, Cui Q, Chen L, Zhu X, Zhao S, Duan C, Zhang X, Song D, Fang L. A critical review of microplastics in the soil-plant system: Distribution, uptake, phytotoxicity and prevention. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127750. [PMID: 34838359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are creating an emerging threat on the soil ecosystems and are of great global concern. However, the distribution in soil-plant system, as well as the phytotoxicity and impact mechanisms of MPs remain largely unexplored so far. This study introduced the diverse sources of MPs and showed the significant spatial variation in the global geographic distribution of MPs contamination based on data collected from 116 studies (1003 sampling sites). We systematically discussed MPs phytotoxicity, such as plant uptake and migration to stems and leaves, delaying seed germination, impeding plant growth, inhibiting photosynthesis, interfering with nutrient metabolism, causing oxidative damage, and producing genotoxicity. We further highlighted the alterations of soil structure and function by MPs, as well as their self and load toxicity, as potential mechanisms that threaten plants. Finally, this paper provided several preventive strategies to mitigate soil MPs pollution and presented research gaps in the biogeochemical behavior of MPs in soil-plant systems. Meanwhile, we recommended that methods for the quantitative detection of MPs accumulated in plant tissues should be explored and established as soon as possible. This review will improve the understanding of the environmental behavior of MPs in soil-plant systems and provide a theoretical reference to better assess the ecological risk of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingliang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengjiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingchang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Danxia Song
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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25
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A Comparison of the Effects of Several Foliar Forms of Magnesium Fertilization on ‘Superior Seedless’ (Vitis vinifera L.) in Saline Soils. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is the most essential element constituent in chlorophyll molecules that regulates photosynthesis processes. The physiological response of ‘Superior Seedless’ grapes was evaluated under different foliar magnesium fertilization such as sulfate magnesium (MgSO4·7 H2O), magnesium disodium EDTA (Mg-EDTA), and magnesium nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) during the berry development stages (flowering, fruit set, veraison, and harvest). In general, the ‘Superior Seedless’ vine had a higher performance in photosynthesis with Mg-NPs application than other forms. The Fy/Fm ratio declined rapidly after the fruit set stage; then, it decreased gradually up until the harvesting stage. However, both MgSO4 and Mg-EDTA forms showed slight differences in Fv/Fm ratio during the berry development stages. The outcomes of this research suggest that the Fv/Fm ratio during the growth season of the ‘Superior Seedless’ vine may be a good tool to assess magnesium fertilization effects before visible deficiency symptoms appear. Mg-NPs are more effective at improving ‘Superior Seedless’ berry development than the other magnesium forms. These findings suggest that applying foliar Mg-NPs to vines grown on salinity-sandy soil alleviates the potential Mg deficiency in ‘Superior Seedless’ vines and improves bunches quality.
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26
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Kaur Dhaliwal L, Gannaban RB, Shrestha A, Shim J, Kaur Mangat P, Singleton JJ, Angeles‐Shim RB. Integrated morpho-biochemical and transcriptome analyses reveal multidimensional response of upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) to low temperature stress during seedling establishment. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:290-302. [PMID: 37284178 PMCID: PMC10168043 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is a tropical/subtropical crop and is innately susceptible to cold. Using an approach that integrates morphological, biochemical, and transcriptome analyses, the study aimed to understand the molecular underpinnings of phenotypic adjustments in cotton seedlings under cold stress. Exposure of six cotton accessions to 15°C during the seedling stage significantly reduced chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, plant height, and biomass, but increased malondialdehyde and proline production. Comparative transcriptome profiling of the cold-sensitive accession SA 3781 grown under low and normal temperatures showed the upregulation of genes related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under cold stress. Despite a similar upregulation of genes encoding metabolites that can scavenge ROS and provide osmoprotection for the cell, the stressed plants still exhibited oxidative stress in terms of lipid peroxidation. This may be due in part to the upregulation of abscisic acid synthesis genes and downregulation of chlorophyll synthesis genes effecting lower stomatal conductance and chlorophyll contents, respectively. Additionally, stomatal closure which is required to avoid the cooling effect and dehydration under cold conditions may have contributed in reducing the net photosynthetic rates in plants exposed to low temperature. These findings provide an insight into the expression of key genes regulating the phenotypic changes observed in cotton in response to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhvir Kaur Dhaliwal
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Ritchel B. Gannaban
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
- Present address:
Department of Nutritional SciencesCollege of Human SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Avinash Shrestha
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Junghyun Shim
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
- Present address:
Olam International LimitedNasarawaNigeria
| | - Puneet Kaur Mangat
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Joshua J. Singleton
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
- Present address:
College of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Rosalyn B. Angeles‐Shim
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
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27
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Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymatic activity of Euonymus maackii Rupr. under gradient water deficit levels. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259959. [PMID: 34813605 PMCID: PMC8610274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Rhizophagus intraradices) in the amelioration of the water deficit-mediated negative influence on the growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant system in Euonymus maackii Rupr. was examined. E. maackii seedlings were subjected to 5 water deficit levels, soil water contents of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% field capacity (FC), and 2 inoculation treatments, with and without AM inoculation. The water deficit increasingly limited the seedling height, biomass accumulation in shoots and roots, chlorophyll content, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters with an increasing water deficit level. In addition, water deficit stimulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), in both shoots and roots, except under 20% FC conditions. E. maackii seedlings under all water deficit conditions formed symbiosis well with AM fungi, which significantly ameliorated the drought-mediated negative effect, especially under 40% and 60% FC conditions. Under 40% to 80% FC conditions, AM formation improved seedling growth and photosynthesis by significantly enhancing the biomass accumulation, chlorophyll content and assimilation. Mycorrhizal seedlings showed better tolerance and less sensitivity to a water deficit, reflected in the lower SOD activities of shoots and roots and CAT activity of shoots under 40% and 60% FC conditions. Downregulation of the antioxidant system in mycorrhizal seedlings suggested better maintenance of redox homeostasis and protection of metabolism, including biomass accumulation and assimilation. All the results advocated the positive role of R. intraradices inoculation in E. maackii against a water deficit, especially under 40% FC, which suggested the distinct AM performance in drought tolerance and the potential role of the combination of E. maackii-AM fungi in ecological restoration in arid regions.
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28
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Zhang L, Miras-Moreno B, Yildiztugay E, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Arikan B, Elbasan F, Ak G, Rouphael Y, Zengin G, Lucini L. Metabolomics and Physiological Insights into the Ability of Exogenously Applied Chlorogenic Acid and Hesperidin to Modulate Salt Stress in Lettuce Distinctively. Molecules 2021; 26:6291. [PMID: 34684872 PMCID: PMC8537907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in the agronomic field indicate that the exogenous application of polyphenols can provide tolerance against various stresses in plants. However, the molecular processes underlying stress mitigation remain unclear, and little is known about the impact of exogenously applied phenolics, especially in combination with salinity. In this work, the impacts of exogenously applied chlorogenic acid (CA), hesperidin (HES), and their combination (HES + CA) have been investigated in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) through untargeted metabolomics to evaluate mitigation effects against salinity. Growth parameters, physiological measurements, leaf relative water content, and osmotic potential as well as gas exchange parameters were also measured. As expected, salinity produced a significant decline in the physiological and biochemical parameters of lettuce. However, the treatments with exogenous phenolics, particularly HES and HES + CA, allowed lettuce to cope with salt stress condition. Interestingly, the treatments triggered a broad metabolic reprogramming that involved secondary metabolism and small molecules such as electron carriers, enzyme cofactors, and vitamins. Under salinity conditions, CA and HES + CA distinctively elicited secondary metabolism, nitrogen-containing compounds, osmoprotectants, and polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya 42090, Turkey;
| | - Busra Arikan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Gunes Ak
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
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29
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Begum N, Akhtar K, Ahanger MA, Iqbal M, Wang P, Mustafa NS, Zhang L. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve growth, essential oil, secondary metabolism, and yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under drought stress conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45276-45295. [PMID: 33860891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental threat limiting worldwide crop production. Drought stress affects the tobacco quality and yield; therefore, the current research studies were undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under drought stress on morphological and biochemical attributes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. variety Yunyan 87). AMF-inoculated and AMF-non-inoculated plants were maintained in a greenhouse and irrigated with a half-strength Hoagland solution (100 mL pot-1) once a week. At harvesting, the plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weights, mycorrhizal colonization, and concentration of leaf photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic rate were measured. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and the principal component (PCA) analyses. The effect of root colonization significantly increased biomass production and essential oil accumulation. Results showed that drought at mild and severe stressed levels significantly affected tobacco growth by decreasing plant height, biomass, and a number of leaves. However, inoculation of AMF considerably increased plant height, fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll (a, b), total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content by 43.84, 40.87 and 49.76, 185.29, 325.60, 173.12, and 211.49%, respectively. Compared with non-inoculated plants, AMF inoculation significantly enhanced the essential oil yield and the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with the increase of 257.36, 102.71, and 90.76, 62.32, and 84.51%, respectively, in mild drought + AMF-treated plants. Similarly, the antioxidant enzymatic activity, glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), and accumulation of phenols and flavonoids and osmolytes content were also significantly improved in inoculated plants under drought stress. Additionally, AMF inoculation significantly upregulated the lipoxygenase (LOX) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzymes by 197 and 298.44% under drought conditions. These findings depicted that the symbiotic association of AMF improved the overall growth pattern and secondary metabolism in tobacco plants under severe drought stress conditions and may be used as an approaching source of important drugs in the field of pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheeda Begum
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kashif Akhtar
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Mudassar Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Pingping Wang
- Shaanxi Tobacco Scientific Institution, Xi'an, 71000, China
| | | | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Ait Atmane S, Aksoylu Özbek Z, Günç Ergönül P, Khettal B. Valorization of
Pinus halepensis
Mill. seed oil: Physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity as affected by location and extraction method. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Ait Atmane
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétales et Ethnobotanique Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Bejaia Bejaia Algeria
| | - Zeynep Aksoylu Özbek
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Manisa Celal Bayar University Manisa Turkey
| | - Pelin Günç Ergönül
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Manisa Celal Bayar University Manisa Turkey
| | - Bachra Khettal
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétales et Ethnobotanique Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Bejaia Bejaia Algeria
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31
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Modulation of photosynthesis and other proteins during water-stress. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3681-3693. [PMID: 33856605 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein changes under drought or water stress conditions have been widely investigated. These investigations have given us enormous understanding of how drought is manifested in plants and how plants respond and adopt to such conditions. Chlorophyll fluoroescence, gas exchange, OMICS, biochemical and molecular analyses have shed light on regulation of physiology and photosynthesis of plants under drought. Use of proteomics has greatly increased the repertoire of drought-associated proteins which nevertheless, need to be investigated for their mechanistic and functional roles. Roles of such proteins have been succinctly discussed in various review articles, however more information on their functional role in countering drought is needed. In this review, recent developments in the field, alterations in the abundance of plant proteins in response to drought, monitored through numerous proteomic and immuno-blot analyses, and how these could affect plants growth and development, are discussed.
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Ahanger MA, Qi M, Huang Z, Xu X, Begum N, Qin C, Zhang C, Ahmad N, Mustafa NS, Ashraf M, Zhang L. Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112195. [PMID: 33823368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic fertilizer usage is been introduced into agricultural practices for preventing the damaging effects of chemical fertilizers. Present study investigated the beneficial role of organic fertilizer (nano-vermicompost) on the growth, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism, osmolyte accumulation and mineral elements in tomato under drought stress. Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation by triggering oxidative stress due to excess accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mineral uptake. Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline. Nano-vermicompost increased growth and dry matter content and ameliorated the decline in chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and PSII activity more significantly at higher concentration (100 mg kg-1 soil). ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation and activities of protease and lypoxygenase were significantly reduced. Drought up-regulated antioxidant system and application of nano-vermicompost further enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidant components. Accumulation of osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine and sugars increased significantly due to nano-vermicompost application. Besides, decline in the activity of nitrate reductase and content of essential mineral elements like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous was also ameliorated by nano-vermicompost application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maodong Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziguang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuedong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Zoology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmad
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China; Islamabad Model College for Boys, Federal Directorate of Education, H-9, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabil S Mustafa
- Department of Pomology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Tokarz KM, Wesołowski W, Tokarz B, Makowski W, Wysocka A, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Chrabaszcz K, Malek K, Kostecka-Gugała A. Stem Photosynthesis-A Key Element of Grass Pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.) Acclimatisation to Salinity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E685. [PMID: 33445673 PMCID: PMC7828162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a leguminous plant of outstanding tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of the presented study was to describe the mechanism of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus acclimatisation strategies to salinity stress. The seedlings were cultivated in a hydroponic system in media containing various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM), imitating none, moderate, and severe salinity, respectively, for three weeks. In order to characterise the function and structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, Chl a fluorescence, gas exchange measurements, proteome analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were done inter alia. Significant differences in the response of the leaf and stem photosynthetic apparatus to severe salt stress were observed. Leaves became the place of harmful ion (Na+) accumulation, and the efficiency of their carboxylation decreased sharply. In turn, in stems, the reconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus (antenna and photosystem complexes) activated alternative electron transport pathways, leading to effective ATP synthesis, which is required for the efficient translocation of Na+ to leaves. These changes enabled efficient stem carboxylation and made them the main source of assimilates. The observed changes indicate the high plasticity of grass pea photosynthetic apparatus, providing an effective mechanism of tolerance to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Wojciech Wesołowski
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (W.W.); (A.K.-G.)
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Wojciech Makowski
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roman J. Jędrzejczyk
- Plant-Microorganism Interactions Group, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Karolina Chrabaszcz
- Raman Imaging Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Raman Imaging Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Anna Kostecka-Gugała
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (W.W.); (A.K.-G.)
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Gan L, Han L, Yin S, Jiang Y. Chlorophyll Metabolism and Gene Expression in Response to Submergence Stress and Subsequent Recovery in Perennial Ryegrass Accessions Differing in Growth Habits. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 251:153195. [PMID: 32485524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Submergence-induced leaf senescence may alter chlorophyll metabolism. The objective of this study was to characterize chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation in contrasting perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in response to submergence stress and recovery. The light-green and fast-growing accession PI238938 and the darker-green and slow-growing cultivar BrightStar SLT were exposed to 0, 6 h, 1-, 3-, and 7-d of submergence stress and 1- and 5- d of de-submergence, respectively. Plant growth of PI238938 were more severely inhibited by submergence stress and recovery. Both accessions showed increased leaf malondialdehyde under stress and recovery, but reduced chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations were observed at 3- and 7-d of stress and at recovery. The reduction in Chl was more severe in BrightStar SLT at 7 d of stress. The concentration of 5-aminolevulenic acid was unaffected by stress but increased at 1d of recovery. Activities of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) involved in Chl biosynthesis remained unchanged under stress and recovery, while the activities of Chl degrading enzymes chlorophyllase (CHL) and pheophytinase (PPH) increased at 3 d or 7 d of stress, and returned to the control level after recovery in both accessions. The downregulation of Chl-biosynthetic genes CHLI, POR, and CHLP and the upregulation of Chl-degrading genes CLH, PPH, and SGR were observed in both accessions under most of the stress periods. BrightStar SLT exhibited much lower expressions of the Chl-biosynthetic genes PBGD, CHS, and CHID under stress, while PI238938 had remarkably higher expressions of genes involved in Chl breakdown including CLH, PPH, PAO, RCCR, and SGR, and the expressions of these genes remained at a higher level at 1 d of recovery. The results indicated that submergence-induced leaf senescence and declines in Chl were associated with downregulation of more Chl-biosynthetic genes in slow-growing genotype and upregulation of more Chl-degrading genes in fast-growing genotype of perennial ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liebao Han
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuxia Yin
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Pignattelli S, Broccoli A, Renzi M. Physiological responses of garden cress (L. sativum) to different types of microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138609. [PMID: 32339829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, acute and chronic toxicity caused by four different kinds of microplastics: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinylchloride (PVC), and a commercial mixture (PE + PVC) on Lepidium sativum were evaluated. Parameters considered were: i) biometric parameters (e.g. percentage inhibition of seed germination, plant height, leaf number and fresh biomass productions); and ii) oxidative stress (e.g. levels of hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, and ascorbic acid). On plants exposed to chronic stress chlorophylls, carotenoids, aminolaevulinic acid, and proline productions were, also, evaluated. PVC resulted the most toxic than other plastic materials tested. This study represents the first paper highlighting microplastics are able to produce oxidative burst in tested plants and could represent an important starting point for future researches on biochemical effects of microplastic in terrestrial environments such as agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pignattelli
- Bioscience Research Center, via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015 Orbetello, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta 13, SI-5000, Rožna Dolina, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Broccoli
- Bioscience Research Center, via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015 Orbetello, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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What is the Difference between the Response of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to Salinity and Drought Stress?—A Physiological Study. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of plant tolerance to osmotic and chemical stress is fundamental to maintaining high crop productivity. Soil drought often occurs in combination with physiological drought, which causes chemical stress due to high concentrations of ions. Hence, it is often assumed that the acclimatization of plants to salinity and drought follows the same mechanisms. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a legume plant with extraordinary tolerance to severe drought and moderate salinity. The aim of the presented study was to compare acclimatization strategies of grass pea seedlings to osmotic (PEG) and chemical (NaCl) stress on a physiological level. Concentrations of NaCl and PEG were adjusted to create an osmotic potential of a medium at the level of 0.0, −0.45 and −0.65 MPa. The seedlings on the media with PEG were much smaller than those growing in the presence of NaCl, but had a significantly higher content percentage of dry weight. Moreover, the stressors triggered different accumulation patterns of phenolic compounds, soluble and insoluble sugars, proline and β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diamino propionic acid, as well as peroxidase and catalase activity. Our results showed that drought stress induced a resistance mechanism consisting of growth rate limitation in favor of osmotic adjustment, while salinity stress induced primarily the mechanisms of efficient compartmentation of harmful ions in the roots and shoots. Furthermore, our results indicated that grass pea plants differed in their response to drought and salinity from the very beginning of stress occurrence.
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Medina CA, Hawkins C, Liu XP, Peel M, Yu LX. Genome-Wide Association and Prediction of Traits Related to Salt Tolerance in Autotetraploid Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093361. [PMID: 32397526 PMCID: PMC7247575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093361%20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a growing problem in world production agriculture. Continued improvement in crop salt tolerance will require the implementation of innovative breeding strategies such as marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS). Genetic analyses for yield and vigor traits under salt stress in alfalfa breeding populations with three different phenotypic datasets was assessed. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) developed markers with allele dosage and phenotypic data were analyzed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and GS using different models. GWAS identified 27 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with salt tolerance. Mapping SNPs markers against the Medicago truncatula reference genome revealed several putative candidate genes based on their roles in response to salt stress. Additionally, eight GS models were used to estimate breeding values of the training population under salt stress. Highest prediction accuracies and root mean square errors were used to determine the best prediction model. The machine learning methods (support vector machine and random forest) performance best with the prediction accuracy of 0.793 for yield. The marker loci and candidate genes identified, along with optimized GS prediction models, were shown to be useful in improvement of alfalfa with enhanced salt tolerance. DNA markers and the outcome of the GS will be made available to the alfalfa breeding community in efforts to accelerate genetic gains, in the development of biotic stress tolerant and more productive modern-day alfalfa cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Augusto Medina
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; (C.A.M.); (C.H.); (X.-P.L.)
| | - Charles Hawkins
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; (C.A.M.); (C.H.); (X.-P.L.)
- Current address: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiang-Ping Liu
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; (C.A.M.); (C.H.); (X.-P.L.)
- Current address: College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163316, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Michael Peel
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Lab, Logan, UT 84322, USA;
| | - Long-Xi Yu
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; (C.A.M.); (C.H.); (X.-P.L.)
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Medina CA, Hawkins C, Liu XP, Peel M, Yu LX. Genome-Wide Association and Prediction of Traits Related to Salt Tolerance in Autotetraploid Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3361. [PMID: 32397526 PMCID: PMC7247575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a growing problem in world production agriculture. Continued improvement in crop salt tolerance will require the implementation of innovative breeding strategies such as marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS). Genetic analyses for yield and vigor traits under salt stress in alfalfa breeding populations with three different phenotypic datasets was assessed. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) developed markers with allele dosage and phenotypic data were analyzed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and GS using different models. GWAS identified 27 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with salt tolerance. Mapping SNPs markers against the Medicago truncatula reference genome revealed several putative candidate genes based on their roles in response to salt stress. Additionally, eight GS models were used to estimate breeding values of the training population under salt stress. Highest prediction accuracies and root mean square errors were used to determine the best prediction model. The machine learning methods (support vector machine and random forest) performance best with the prediction accuracy of 0.793 for yield. The marker loci and candidate genes identified, along with optimized GS prediction models, were shown to be useful in improvement of alfalfa with enhanced salt tolerance. DNA markers and the outcome of the GS will be made available to the alfalfa breeding community in efforts to accelerate genetic gains, in the development of biotic stress tolerant and more productive modern-day alfalfa cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Augusto Medina
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; (C.A.M.); (C.H.); (X.-P.L.)
| | - Charles Hawkins
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; (C.A.M.); (C.H.); (X.-P.L.)
- Current address: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiang-Ping Liu
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; (C.A.M.); (C.H.); (X.-P.L.)
- Current address: College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163316, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Michael Peel
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Lab, Logan, UT 84322, USA;
| | - Long-Xi Yu
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; (C.A.M.); (C.H.); (X.-P.L.)
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Qin C, Ahanger MA, Zhou J, Ahmed N, Wei C, Yuan S, Ashraf M, Zhang L. Beneficial role of acetylcholine in chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthetic gas exchange in Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings under salinity stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:357-365. [PMID: 31811780 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is believed to improve plant growth. However, regulation at biochemical and molecular levels is largely unknown. The present study investigated the impact of exogenously applied ACh (10 µm) on growth and chlorophyll metabolism in hydroponically grown Nicotiana benthamiana under salt stress (150 mm NaCl). Salinity reduced root hydraulic conductivity while ACh-treated seedlings exhibited a significant increase, resulting in increased relative water content. Salinity induced a reduction in chlorophyll biosynthetic intermediates, such as protoporphyrin-IX, Mg-photoporphyrin-IX and protochlorophyllide, which were significantly ameliorated in the presence of ACh. This influence of ACh on chlorophyll synthesis was confirmed by up-regulation of HEMA1, CHLH, CAO and POR genes. Gas exchange parameters, i.e. stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and transpiration rate, increased with ACh, thereby alleviating the salinity effects on photosynthesis. In addition, the salinity-induced enhancement of lipid peroxidation declined after ACh treatment through modulation of the activity of the assayed antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase). Importantly, ACh significantly reduced the uptake of Na and increased uptake of K, resulting in a decline in the Na/K ratio. Results of the present study indicate that ACh can be effective in ameliorating NaCl-induced osmotic stress, altering chlorophyll metabolism and thus photosynthesis by maintaining ion homeostasis, hydraulic conductivity and water balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - M A Ahanger
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - J Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - N Ahmed
- Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, Tarar Khal, Pakistan
| | - C Wei
- Shaanxi Tobacco Scientific Institution, Xi'an, China
| | - S Yuan
- Technology Center of Shaanxi China Tobacco Industrial Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - M Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - L Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Guo T, Wang S, Li Y, Yuan J, Xu L, Zhang T, Chao Y, Han L. Expression of a NGATHA1 Gene from Medicago truncatula Delays Flowering Time and Enhances Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072384. [PMID: 32235619 PMCID: PMC7177866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoot branching is one of the most variable determinants of crop yield, and the signaling pathways of plant branches have become a hot research topic. As an important transcription factor in the B3 family, NGATHA1 (NGA1), plays an important role in regulating plant lateral organ development and hormone synthesis and transport, but few studies of the role of this gene in the regulation of plant growth and stress tolerance have been reported. In this study, the NGA1 gene was isolated from Medicago truncatula (Mt) and its function was characterized. The cis-acting elements upstream of the 5′ end of MtNGA1 and the expression pattern of MtNGA1 were analyzed, and the results indicated that the gene may act as a regulator of stress resistance. A plant expression vector was constructed and transgenic Arabidopsis plants were obtained. Transgenic Arabidopsis showed delayed flowering time and reduced branching phenotypes. Genes involved in the regulation of branching and flowering were differentially expressed in transgenic plants compared with wild-type plants. Furthermore, transgenic plants demonstrated strong tolerances to salt- and mannitol-induced stresses, which may be due to the upregulated expression of NCED3 (NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3) by the MtNGA1 gene. These results provide useful information for the exploration and genetic modification use of MtNGA1 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.G.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (L.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Shumin Wang
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Yinruizhi Li
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.G.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (L.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.G.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (L.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.G.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (L.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.G.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (L.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yuehui Chao
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.G.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (L.X.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (L.H.); Tel.: +86-10-6233-6399 (Y.C.); +86-10-6233-6399 (L.H.)
| | - Liebao Han
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.G.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (L.X.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (L.H.); Tel.: +86-10-6233-6399 (Y.C.); +86-10-6233-6399 (L.H.)
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Zhao Y, Han Q, Ding C, Huang Y, Liao J, Chen T, Feng S, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Yuan S, Yuan M. Effect of Low Temperature on Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Chloroplast Biogenesis of Rice Seedlings during Greening. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041390. [PMID: 32092859 PMCID: PMC7073065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) frequently suffers in late spring from severe damage due to cold spells, which causes the block of chlorophyll biosynthesis during early rice seedling greening. However, the inhibitory mechanism by which this occurs is still unclear. To explore the responsive mechanism of rice seedlings to low temperatures during greening, the effects of chilling stress on chlorophyll biosynthesis and plastid development were studied in rice seedlings. Chlorophyll biosynthesis was obviously inhibited and chlorophyll accumulation declined under low temperatures during greening. The decrease in chlorophyll synthesis was due to the inhibited synthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and the suppression of conversion from protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) into chlorophylls (Chls). Meanwhile, the activities of glutamate-1-semialdehyde transaminase (GSA-AT), Mg-chelatase, and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) were downregulated under low temperatures. Further investigations showed that chloroplasts at 18 °C had loose granum lamellae, while the thylakoid and lamellar structures of grana could hardly develop at 12 °C after 48 h of greening. Additionally, photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) proteins obviously declined in the stressed seedlings, to the point that the PSII and PSI proteins could hardly be detected after 48 h of greening at 12 °C. Furthermore, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and cell death were all induced by low temperature. Chilling stress had no effect on the development of epidermis cells, but the stomata were smaller under chilling stress than those at 28 °C. Taken together, our study promotes more comprehensive understanding in that chilling could inhibit chlorophyll biosynthesis and cause oxidative damages during greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.D.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (S.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qiaohong Han
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.D.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (S.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.D.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (S.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.D.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (S.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jinqiu Liao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.D.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (S.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.D.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (S.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shiling Feng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.D.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (S.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lijun Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.D.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (S.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yanger Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.D.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (S.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.D.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (S.F.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Ahanger MA, Mir RA, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Combined effects of brassinosteroid and kinetin mitigates salinity stress in tomato through the modulation of antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:31-42. [PMID: 31838316 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress reduces growth and yield productivity of most crop plants. Potentiality of kinetin (Kn) and epi-brassinolide (EBL), either individually or combinedly in preventing the salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress mediated oxidative damage and photosynthetic inhibition was studied in Solanum lycopersicum. Combined application of Kn and EBL imparted much prominent impact on the growth, photosynthesis and metabolism of antioxidants, osmolytes and secondary metabolites. Synthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids increased and the photosynthetic parameters like stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and net photosynthesis were significantly improved due to application of Kn and EBL. Photosystem II functioning (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching and electron transport rate (ETR) improved significantly in Kn and EBL treated plants imparting significant decline in salinity induced non-photochemical quenching. Exogenous Kn and EBL effectively prevented the oxidative damage by significantly declining the generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide under saline and non-saline conditions as reflected in lowered lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Reduced oxidative damage in Kn and EBL treated plants was accompanied down-regulation of protease and lipoxygenase concomitant with up-regulation of the antioxidant system and the accumulation of compatible osmolytes. Treatment of Kn and EBL proved effective in enhancing the contents of redox homeostasis, ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione, and the secondary metabolites assisting the enzymatic antioxidant system in combating the salinity stress efficiently. Results suggest that combined application of Kn and EBL regulate growth and photosynthesis in tomato more effectively than their individual application through a probable regulatory crosstalk mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayees Ahmad Mir
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in Vigna angularis by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010147. [PMID: 31963299 PMCID: PMC7022836 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the probable beneficial role of the individual as well as combined application of kinetin (50 μM Kn) and spermidine (200 μM Spd) on Vigna angularis under cadmium (Cd) stress. Cd treatment reduced growth by declining the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, photosynthesis, and gas exchange parameters. Exogenously, Kn and Spd application enhanced the photosynthetic parameters and up-regulated the antioxidant system by improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of non-enzymatic components. In addition, the application of Kn and Spd resulted in significant improvement in the content of sugars, proline, and glycine betaine, ameliorating the decline in relative water content. Oxidative stress parameters including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase activity, and electrolyte leakage increased due to Cd stress; however, the application of Kn and Spd imparted a significant decline in all these parameters. Further, reduced Cd uptake was also observed due to Kn and Spd application. Total phenols and flavonoids also increased due to Kn and Spd treatments under normal as well as Cd stress conditions, which may have further helped with the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of nitrogen was ameliorated due to the exogenous application of Kn and Spd. Therefore, the exogenous application of Kn and Spd benefited Vigna angularis counteracting the damaging effects of Cd stress by up-regulating the tolerance mechanisms, including antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism.
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Ahanger MA, Aziz U, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Influence of Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Nitric Oxide on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Salt Stressed Vigna angularis. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010042. [PMID: 31888108 PMCID: PMC7022326 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the beneficial role of exogenous application of salicylic acid (1 mM SA) and nitric oxide (100 μM NO) in preventing the oxidative damage in Vigna angularis triggered by salinity stress. Salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress reduced growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, gas exchange parameters, and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) significantly. Exogenous application of SA and NO was affective in enhancing these growth and photosynthetic parameters. Salinity stress reduced relative water content over control. Further, the application of SA and NO enhanced the synthesis of proline, glycine betaine, and sugars as compared to the control as well as NaCl treated plants contributing to the maintenance of tissue water content. Exogenous application of SA and NO resulted in up-regulation of the antioxidant system. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the content of non-enzymatic components, were more in SA + NO treated seedlings as compared to control and salinity stressed counterparts resulting in significant alleviation of the NaCl mediated oxidative damage. Content of nitrogen, potassium, and calcium increased due to SA and NO under normal conditions and NaCl stress conditions while as Na and Cl content reduced significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abass Ahanger
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Usman Aziz
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.N.A.)
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
- Correspondence:
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Begum N, Ahanger MA, Su Y, Lei Y, Mustafa NSA, Ahmad P, Zhang L. Improved Drought Tolerance by AMF Inoculation in Maize ( Zea mays) Involves Physiological and Biochemical Implications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E579. [PMID: 31817760 PMCID: PMC6963921 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF, Glomus versiforme) in amelioration of drought-induced effects on growth and physio-biochemical attributes in maize (Zea mays L.) was studied. Maize plants were exposed to two drought regimes, i.e., moderate drought (MD) and severe drought (SD), with and without AMF inoculation. Drought at both levels reduced plant height, and chlorophyll and carotenoid content, thereby impeding photosynthesis. In addition, drought stress enhanced the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), including H2O2, resulting in membrane damage reflected as increased electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. Such negative effects were much more apparent under SD conditions that those of MD and the control, however, AMF inoculation significantly ameliorated the deleterious effects of drought-induced oxidative damage. Under control conditions, inoculation of AMF increased growth and photosynthesis by significantly improving chlorophyll content, mineral uptake and assimilation. AMF inoculation increased the content of compatible solutes, such as proline, sugars and free amino acids, assisting in maintaining the relative water content. Up-regulation of the antioxidant system was obvious in AMF-inoculated plants, thereby mediating quick alleviation of oxidative effects of drought through elimination of ROS. In addition, AMF mediated up-regulation of the antioxidant system contributed to maintenance of redox homeostasis, leading to protection of major metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis, as observed in the present study. Total phenols increased due to AMF inoculation under both MD and SD conditions. The present study advocates the beneficial role of G. versiforme inoculation in maize against drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheeda Begum
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (N.B.); (M.A.A.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Muhammad Abass Ahanger
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (N.B.); (M.A.A.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunyun Su
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (N.B.); (M.A.A.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yafang Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (N.B.); (M.A.A.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Nabil Sabet A. Mustafa
- Biotechnology for fruit Tress Micropropagation Laboratory, Department of Pomology, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (N.B.); (M.A.A.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
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46
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Soliman M, Alhaithloul HA, Hakeem KR, Alharbi BM, El-Esawi M, Elkelish A. Exogenous Nitric Oxide Mitigates Nickel-Induced Oxidative Damage in Eggplant by Upregulating Antioxidants, Osmolyte Metabolism, and Glyoxalase Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E562. [PMID: 31805747 PMCID: PMC6963868 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) at optimal levels is considered beneficial to plant functioning. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of exogenously applied NO (100 and 150 µM sodium nitropurusside, SNP) in amelioration of nickel (Ni)-mediated oxidative effects in eggplant. Ni stress declined growth and biomass production, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll pigment synthesis, thereby affecting the photosynthetic efficiency. Exogenously applied SNP proved beneficial in mitigating the Ni-mediated growth restrictions. NO-treated seedlings exhibited improved photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content with the effect of being apparent at lower concentration (100 µM SNP). SNP upregulated the antioxidant system mitigating the oxidative damage on membranes due to Ni stress. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase was upregulated due to SNP which also increased the ascorbate and reduced glutathione content. SNP-supplied seedlings also showed higher proline and glycine betaine accumulation, thereby improving RWC and antioxidant system. Glyoxalase I activity was induced due to SNP application declining the accumulation of methylglyoxal. NO-mediated mitigation of Ni toxicity was confirmed using NO scavenger (PTIO, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide), which reversed the influence of SNP almost entirely on the parameters studied. Uptake of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) was increased due to SNP application and Ni was reduced significantly. Therefore, this study revealed the efficiency of exogenous SNP in enhancing Ni stress tolerance through upregulating antioxidant and glyoxalase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Haifa A. Alhaithloul
- Department of Biology, College of science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M. Alharbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
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James Antony JJ, Zakaria S, Zakaria R, Anak Ujang J, Othman N, Subramaniam S. Biochemical analyses of Dendrobium Sabin Blue PLBs during cryopreservation by vitrification. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1457-1467. [PMID: 31736548 PMCID: PMC6825076 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium Sabin Blue is an important orchid hybrid that has been grown extensively as cut flower, potted plant and is also popular for its deep purplish blue flowers. The most efficient long term conservation method of this hybrid is through cryopreservation. Cryopreservation involving the vitrification method consists of explants exposure to highly concentrated cryoprotective solution followed by freezing rapidly in liquid nitrogen. However, these treatments involved highly concentrated cryoprotectant that could incur toxicity to the explants. Hence, cryopreservation protocol requires biochemical analyses in understanding the damages or injuries occurred during cryopreservation treatments. In this study, biochemical analyses revealed a general reduction in chlorophyll, carotenoid and porphyrin content to 0.40 µg/g F W (thawing stage), 31.50 µg/g F W unloading stage and 2230.41 µg/g F W (thawing stage), respectively in comparison to the control treatments. In addition, increased level in proline content were obtained at different cryopreservation stages with highest level (5.42 µmole/g F W) recorded at the PVS2 dehydration stage. Fluctuated outcomes were obtained in catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POX) enzyme activities in PLBs exposed to different cryopreservation stages. Lowest values recorded for CAT enzyme activity were obtained at the dehydration stage (3.94 U/g). Lowest POX enzyme activities were obtained at the dehydration (122.36 U/g) and growth recovery (106.40 U/g) stages. Additionally, lowest APX enzyme activities values were recorded at the thawing (7.47 U/g) and unloading (7.28 U/g) stages. These have contributed to low regeneration of Dendrobium Sabin Blue protocorm like bodies (PLBs) following cryopreservation. Hence, in the future experimental design, exogenous antioxidant could be included in the cryopreservation procedures to improve the existing protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jeyanthi James Antony
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Georgetown, Penang Malaysia
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Georgetown, Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Suhana Zakaria
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Georgetown, Penang Malaysia
| | - Rahmad Zakaria
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Georgetown, Penang Malaysia
| | - Jorim Anak Ujang
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Georgetown, Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Nurulhasanah Othman
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Sreeramanan Subramaniam
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Georgetown, Penang Malaysia
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Ahanger MA, Qin C, Maodong Q, Dong XX, Ahmad P, Abd Allah EF, Zhang L. Spermine application alleviates salinity induced growth and photosynthetic inhibition in Solanum lycopersicum by modulating osmolyte and secondary metabolite accumulation and differentially regulating antioxidant metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:1-13. [PMID: 31542655 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Influence of exogenously applied spermine (Spm) on growth and salinity stress tolerance in tomato was investigated. Salinity reduced growth, chlorophyll synthesis and mineral uptake leading to significant reduction in photosynthesis, however Spm application proved beneficial in alleviating the decline to considerable extent. Applied Spm improved nitrate reductase activity, δ-amino levulinic acid content and gas exchange parameters more apparently at 100 μM than 50 μM concentrations. Spm application enhanced the accumulation of compatible osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine and sugars leading to greater tissue water content and photosynthesis. Salinity stress induced oxidative effects were mitigated by Spm treatment reflected interms of reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the activities of protease and lipoxygenase, hence leading to membrane strengthening and protection of their function. Differential influence of exogenous Spm was evident on the functioning of antioxidant system with SOD, GR and APX activities much higher in Spm treated seedlings than CAT and DHAR. Increased synthesis of GSH, AsA and tocopherol in Spm treated seedlings was obvious thereby helping in maintaining the redox homeostasis and the enzymatic antioxidant functioning. Interestingly Spm application maintained the nitric oxide levels higher than control under normal condition while as lowered its concentrations in salinity stressed seedlings depicting existence of probable interaction. Activities of polyamine metabolizing enzymes was up-regulated and the accumulation of secondary metabolites including phenols and flavonoids also increased due to Spm application. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Maodong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Xue Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Subramanyam R, Allakhverdiev SI. Honoring eight senior distinguished plant biologists from India. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:45-52. [PMID: 29948748 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We summarize here research contributions of eight stalwarts in photosynthesis research from India. These distinguished scientists (Shree Kumar Apte, Basanti Biswal, Udaya C. Biswal, Agepati S. Raghavendra, Attipalli Ramachandra Reddy, Prafullachandra Vishnu (Raj) Sane, Baishnab Charan Tripathy, and Dinesh C. Uprety) were honored on November 2, 2017, at the School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad. We include here two group photographs of this special event, which was organized by the Department of Plant Sciences, during the 8th International Conference on Photosynthesis and Hydrogen Energy Research for Sustainability-2017 ( https://prs.science/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Photosynthesis-Research-for-Sustainability-2017.pdf , also available at: http://www.life.illinois.edu/govindjee/world-historical.html ). The main conference had honored three international scientists: William Cramer (Purdue University. West Lafayette, Indiana, USA), Govindjee (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, one of the authors here); and Agepati S. Raghavendra (University of Hyderabad, India, one of those honored here as well); see papers in this Special Issue, edited by Suleyman Allakhverdiev, one of the authors here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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Khan MN, AlZuaibr FM, Al-Huqail AA, Siddiqui MH, M Ali H, Al-Muwayhi MA, Al-Haque HN. Hydrogen Sulfide-Mediated Activation of O-Acetylserine (Thiol) Lyase and l/d-Cysteine Desulfhydrase Enhance Dehydration Tolerance in Eruca sativa Mill. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3981. [PMID: 30544896 PMCID: PMC6321631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has emerged as an important signaling molecule and plays a significant role during different environmental stresses in plants. The present work was carried out to explore the potential role of H₂S in reversal of dehydration stress-inhibited O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL), l-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD), and d-cysteine desulfhydrase (DCD) response in arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) plants. Dehydration-stressed plants exhibited reduced water status and increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide (O₂•-) content that increased membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and caused a reduction in chlorophyll content. However, H₂S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), at the rate of 2 mM, substantially reduced oxidative stress (lower H₂O₂ and O₂•-) by upregulating activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and increasing accumulation of osmolytes viz. proline and glycine betaine (GB). All these, together, resulted in reduced membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, water loss, and improved hydration level of plants. The beneficial role of H₂S in the tolerance of plants to dehydration stress was traced with H₂S-mediated activation of carbonic anhydrase activity and enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of cysteine (Cys), such as OAS-TL. H₂S-treated plants showed maximum Cys content. The exogenous application of H₂S also induced the activity of LCD and DCD enzymes that assisted the plants to synthesize more H₂S from accumulated Cys. Therefore, an adequate concentration of H₂S was maintained, that improved the efficiency of plants to mitigate dehydration stress-induced alterations. The central role of H₂S in the reversal of dehydration stress-induced damage was evident with the use of the H₂S scavenger, hypotaurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad M AlZuaibr
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asma A Al-Huqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Al-Muwayhi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shaqra Univeristy, Shaqra 15572, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hafiz N Al-Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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