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Eysholdt-Derzsó E, Hause B, Sauter M, Schmidt-Schippers RR. Hypoxia reshapes Arabidopsis root architecture by integrating ERF-VII factor response and abscisic acid homoeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2879-2894. [PMID: 38616485 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen limitation (hypoxia), arising as a key stress factor due to flooding, negatively affects plant development. Consequently, maintaining root growth under such stress is crucial for plant survival, yet we know little about the root system's adaptions to low-oxygen conditions and its regulation by phytohormones. In this study, we examine the impact of hypoxia and, herein, the regulatory role of group VII ETHYLENE-RESPONSE FACTOR (ERFVII) transcription factors on root growth in Arabidopsis. We found lateral root (LR) elongation to be actively maintained by hypoxia via ERFVII factors, as erfVII seedlings possess hypersensitivity towards hypoxia regarding their LR growth. Pharmacological inhibition of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis revealed ERFVII-driven counteraction of hypoxia-induced inhibition of LR formation in an ABA-dependent manner. However, postemergence LR growth under hypoxia mediated by ERFVIIs was independent of ABA. In roots, ERFVIIs mediate, among others, the induction of ABA-degrading ABA 8'-hydroxylases CYP707A1 expression. RAP2.12 could activate the pCYC707A1:LUC reporter gene, indicating, combined with single mutant analyses, that this transcription factor regulates ABA levels through corresponding transcript upregulation. Collectively, hypoxia-induced adaptation of the Arabidopsis root system is shaped by developmental reprogramming, whereby ERFVII-dependent promotion of LR emergence, but not elongation, is partly executed through regulation of ABA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Margret Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Romy R Schmidt-Schippers
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Bielefeld, Institute of Biology, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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Fagerstedt KV, Pucciariello C, Pedersen O, Perata P. Recent progress in understanding the cellular and genetic basis of plant responses to low oxygen holds promise for developing flood-resilient crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1217-1233. [PMID: 37991267 PMCID: PMC10901210 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
With recent progress in active research on flooding and hypoxia/anoxia tolerance in native and agricultural crop plants, vast knowledge has been gained on both individual tolerance mechanisms and the general mechanisms of flooding tolerance in plants. Research on carbohydrate consumption, ethanolic and lactic acid fermentation, and their regulation under stress conditions has been accompanied by investigations on aerenchyma development and the emergence of the radial oxygen loss barrier in some plant species under flooded conditions. The discovery of the oxygen-sensing mechanism in plants and unravelling the intricacies of this mechanism have boosted this very international research effort. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of oxygen availability as a signalling component during plant development. The latest developments in determining actual oxygen concentrations using minute probes and molecular sensors in tissues and even within cells have provided new insights into the intracellular effects of flooding. The information amassed during recent years has been used in the breeding of new flood-tolerant crop cultivars. With the wealth of metabolic, anatomical, and genetic information, novel holistic approaches can be used to enhance crop species and their productivity under increasing stress conditions due to climate change and the subsequent changes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt V Fagerstedt
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 65, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chiara Pucciariello
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa 56127, Italy
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3
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Zhang C, Li M, Rey JD, Feng T, Lafitte R, Zheng T, Lv Y, Wu F, Fu B, Xu J, Zhang F, Zeng W, Liu E, Ali J, Wang W, Li Z. Simultaneous improvement and genetic dissection of drought and submergence tolerances in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) by selective introgression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1134450. [PMID: 37180379 PMCID: PMC10172858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1134450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Drought and submergence are contrasting abiotic stresses that often occur in the same rice crop season and cause complete crop failure in many rain-fed lowland areas of Asia. Methods To develop rice varieties with good tolerances to drought and submergence, 260 introgression lines (ILs) selected for drought tolerance (DT) from nine BC2 populations were screened for submergence tolerance (ST), resulting in 124 ILs with significantly improved ST. Results Genetic characterization of the 260 ILs with DNA markers identified 59 DT quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 68 ST QTLs with an average 55% of the identified QTLs associated with both DT and ST. Approximately 50% of the DT QTLs showed 'epigenetic' segregation with very high donor introgression and/or loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Detailed comparison of the ST QTLs identified in ILs selected only for ST with ST QTLs detected in the DT-ST selected ILs of the same populations revealed three groups of QTLs underlying the relationship between DT and ST in rice: a) QTLs with pleiotropic effects on both DT and ST; b) QTLs with opposite effects on DT and ST; and c) QTLs with independent effects on DT and ST. Combined evidence identified most likely candidate genes for eight major QTLs affecting both DT and ST. Moreover, group b QTLs were involved in the Sub1regulated pathway that were negatively associated with most group aQTLs. Discussion These results were consistent with the current knowledge that DT and ST in rice are controlled by complex cross-talks between or among different phytohormone-mediated signaling pathways. Again, the results demonstrated that the strategy of selective introgression was powerful and efficient for simultaneous improvement and genetic dissection of multiple complex traits, including DT and ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaopu Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jessica Domingo Rey
- International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, UP Diliman, Philippines
| | - Ting Feng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Renee Lafitte
- International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
| | - Tianqing Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Lv
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fengcai Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Binying Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Erbao Liu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jauhar Ali
- International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab/National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Ritonga FN, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Song R, Li C, Li J, Gao J. The Roles of Gibberellins in Regulating Leaf Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1243. [PMID: 36986931 PMCID: PMC10051486 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are correlated with many aspects, including phytohormones, which have specific functions. However, the mechanism underlying the process has not been well elucidated. Gibberellins (GAs) play fundamental roles in almost every aspect of plant growth and development, including cell elongation, leaf expansion, leaf senescence, seed germination, and leafy head formation. The central genes involved in GA biosynthesis include GA20 oxidase genes (GA20oxs), GA3oxs, and GA2oxs, which correlate with bioactive GAs. The GA content and GA biosynthesis genes are affected by light, carbon availability, stresses, phytohormone crosstalk, and transcription factors (TFs) as well. However, GA is the main hormone associated with BR, ABA, SA, JA, cytokinin, and auxin, regulating a wide range of growth and developmental processes. DELLA proteins act as plant growth suppressors by inhibiting the elongation and proliferation of cells. GAs induce DELLA repressor protein degradation during the GA biosynthesis process to control several critical developmental processes by interacting with F-box, PIFS, ROS, SCLl3, and other proteins. Bioactive GA levels are inversely related to DELLA proteins, and a lack of DELLA function consequently activates GA responses. In this review, we summarized the diverse roles of GAs in plant development stages, with a focus on GA biosynthesis and signal transduction, to develop new insight and an understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faujiah Nurhasanah Ritonga
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
- Graduate School, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Runxian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingjuan Li
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
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Ikematsu S, Umase T, Shiozaki M, Nakayama S, Noguchi F, Sakamoto T, Hou H, Gohari G, Kimura S, Torii KU. Rewiring of hormones and light response pathways underlies the inhibition of stomatal development in an amphibious plant Rorippa aquatica underwater. Curr Biol 2023; 33:543-556.e4. [PMID: 36696900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Land plants have evolved the ability to cope with submergence. Amphibious plants are adapted to both aerial and aquatic environments through phenotypic plasticity in leaf form and function, known as heterophylly. In general, underwater leaves of amphibious plants are devoid of stomata, yet their molecular regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Using the emerging model of the Brassicaceae amphibious species Rorippa aquatica, we lay the foundation for the molecular physiological basis of the submergence-triggered inhibition of stomatal development. A series of temperature shift experiments showed that submergence-induced inhibition of stomatal development is largely uncoupled from morphological heterophylly and likely regulated by independent pathways. Submergence-responsive transcriptome analysis revealed rapid reprogramming of gene expression, exemplified by the suppression of RaSPEECHLESS and RaMUTE within 1 h and the involvement of light and hormones in the developmental switch from terrestrial to submerged leaves. Further physiological studies place ethylene as a central regulator of the submergence-triggered inhibition of stomatal development. Surprisingly, red and blue light have opposing functions in this process: blue light promotes, whereas red light inhibits stomatal development, through influencing the ethylene pathway. Finally, jasmonic acid counteracts the inhibition of stomatal development, which can be attenuated by the red light. The actions and interactions of light and hormone pathways in regulating stomatal development in R. aquatica are different from those in the terrestrial species, Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, our work suggests that extensive rewiring events of red light to ethylene signaling might underlie the evolutionary adaption to water environment in Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuka Ikematsu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Umase
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Mako Shiozaki
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Sodai Nakayama
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Fuko Noguchi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 83111-55181, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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6
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Wang X, Komatsu S. The Role of Phytohormones in Plant Response to Flooding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6383. [PMID: 35742828 PMCID: PMC9223812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climatic variations influence the morphological, physiological, biological, and biochemical states of plants. Plant responses to abiotic stress include biochemical adjustments, regulation of proteins, molecular mechanisms, and alteration of post-translational modifications, as well as signal transduction. Among the various abiotic stresses, flooding stress adversely affects the growth of plants, including various economically important crops. Biochemical and biological techniques, including proteomic techniques, provide a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms during flooding conditions. In particular, plants can cope with flooding conditions by embracing an orchestrated set of morphological adaptations and physiological adjustments that are regulated by an elaborate hormonal signaling network. With the help of these findings, the main objective is to identify plant responses to flooding and utilize that information for the development of flood-tolerant plants. This review provides an insight into the role of phytohormones in plant response mechanisms to flooding stress, as well as different mitigation strategies that can be successfully administered to improve plant growth during stress exposure. Ultimately, this review will expedite marker-assisted genetic enhancement studies in crops for developing high-yield lines or varieties with flood tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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Chen H, Wu Q, Ni M, Chen C, Han C, Yu F. Transcriptome Analysis of Endogenous Hormone Response Mechanism in Roots of Styrax tonkinensis Under Waterlogging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:896850. [PMID: 35734248 PMCID: PMC9208659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.896850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As a promising oil species, Styrax tonkinensis has great potential as a biofuel due to an excellent fatty acid composition. However, frequent flooding caused by global warming and the low tolerance of the species to waterlogging largely halted its expansion in waterlogged areas. To explore endogenous hormones and phytohormone-related molecular response mechanism of S. tonkinensis under waterlogging, we determined 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and three phytohormone content (ABA, abscisic acid; SA, salicylic acid; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) and analyzed the transcriptome of its seedlings under waterlogged condition of 3-5 cm. The sample collecting time was 0, 9, 24, and 72 h, respectively. It was concluded that ACC presented an upward trend, but other plant hormones showed a downward trend from 0 to 72 h under waterlogging stress. A total of 84,601 unigenes were assembled with a total length of 81,389,823 bp through transcriptome analysis. The GO enrichment analysis of total differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that 4,637 DEGs, 8,238 DEGs, and 7,146 DEGs were assigned into three main GO functional categories in 9 vs. 0 h, 24 vs. 0 h, and 72 vs. 0 h, respectively. We also discovered several DEGs involved in phytohormone synthesis pathway and plant hormone signaling pathway. It was concluded that the decreased transcription of PYL resulted in the weak ABA signal transduction pathway. Moreover, decreased SA content caused by the low-expressed PAL might impact the resistance of S. tonkinensis seedlings under waterlogging stress. Our research may provide a scientific basis for the understanding of the endogenous hormone response mechanism of S. tonkinensis to waterlogging and lay a foundation for further exploration of the waterlogging defect resistance genes of S. tonkinensis and improving its resistance to waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Qikui Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
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8
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Chen H, Bullock DA, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. To Fight or to Grow: The Balancing Role of Ethylene in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010033. [PMID: 35009037 PMCID: PMC8747122 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants often live in adverse environmental conditions and are exposed to various stresses, such as heat, cold, heavy metals, salt, radiation, poor lighting, nutrient deficiency, drought, or flooding. To adapt to unfavorable environments, plants have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms that serve to balance the trade-off between abiotic stress responses and growth. These mechanisms enable plants to continue to develop and reproduce even under adverse conditions. Ethylene, as a key growth regulator, is leveraged by plants to mitigate the negative effects of some of these stresses on plant development and growth. By cooperating with other hormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BR), auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), and cytokinin (CK), ethylene triggers defense and survival mechanisms thereby coordinating plant growth and development in response to abiotic stresses. This review describes the crosstalk between ethylene and other plant hormones in tipping the balance between plant growth and abiotic stress responses.
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9
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Brookbank BP, Patel J, Gazzarrini S, Nambara E. Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121936. [PMID: 34946886 PMCID: PMC8700873 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant physiology, including promoting seed dormancy and adaptive responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In addition, ABA plays an im-portant role in growth and development under non-stressed conditions. This review summarizes phenotypes of ABA biosynthesis and signaling mutants to clarify the roles of basal ABA in growth and development. The promotive and inhibitive actions of ABA in growth are characterized by stunted and enhanced growth of ABA-deficient and insensitive mutants, respectively. Growth regulation by ABA is both promotive and inhibitive, depending on the context, such as concentrations, tissues, and environmental conditions. Basal ABA regulates local growth including hyponastic growth, skotomorphogenesis and lateral root growth. At the cellular level, basal ABA is essential for proper chloroplast biogenesis, central metabolism, and expression of cell-cycle genes. Basal ABA also regulates epidermis development in the shoot, by inhibiting stomatal development, and deposition of hydrophobic polymers like a cuticular wax layer covering the leaf surface. In the root, basal ABA is involved in xylem differentiation and suberization of the endodermis. Hormone crosstalk plays key roles in growth and developmental processes regulated by ABA. Phenotypes of ABA-deficient and insensitive mutants indicate prominent functions of basal ABA in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Brookbank
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jasmin Patel
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (E.N.)
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (E.N.)
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10
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Understanding a Mechanistic Basis of ABA Involvement in Plant Adaptation to Soil Flooding: The Current Standing. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10101982. [PMID: 34685790 PMCID: PMC8537370 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil flooding severely impairs agricultural crop production. Plants can cope with flooding conditions by embracing an orchestrated set of morphological adaptations and physiological adjustments that are regulated by the elaborated hormonal signaling network. The most prominent of these hormones is ethylene, which has been firmly established as a critical signal in flooding tolerance. ABA (abscisic acid) is also known as a “stress hormone” that modulates various responses to abiotic stresses; however, its role in flooding tolerance remains much less established. Here, we discuss the progress made in the elucidation of morphological adaptations regulated by ABA and its crosstalk with other phytohormones under flooding conditions in model plants and agriculturally important crops.
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11
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Lee BR, Zaman R, La VH, Bae DW, Kim TH. Ethephon-Induced Ethylene Enhances Starch Degradation and Sucrose Transport with an Interactive Abscisic Acid-Mediated Manner in Mature Leaves of Oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1670. [PMID: 34451716 PMCID: PMC8400741 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The leaf senescence process is characterized by the degradation of macromolecules in mature leaves and the remobilization of degradation products via phloem transport. The phytohormone ethylene mediates leaf senescence. This study aimed to investigate the ethephon-induced ethylene effects on starch degradation and sucrose remobilization through their interactive regulation with other hormones. Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) was used as an ethylene-generating agent. Endogenous hormonal status, carbohydrate compounds, starch degradation-related gene expression, sucrose transporter gene expression, and phloem sucrose loading were compared between the ethephon-treated plants and controls. Foliar ethephon spray enhanced the endogenous ethylene concentration and accelerated leaf senescence, as evidenced by reduced chlorophyll content and enhanced expression of the senescence-related gene SAG12. Ethephon-enhanced ethylene prominently enhanced the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level. accompanied with upregulation of ABA synthesis gene 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED3), ABA receptor gene pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1), and ABA signaling genes sucrose non-fermenting 1 (Snf1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), ABA-responsive element binding 2 (AREB2), and basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (MYC2).) Ethephon treatment decreased starch content by enhancing expression of the starch degradation-related genes α-amylase 3 (AMY3) and β-amylase 1 (BAM1), resulting in an increase in sucrose content in phloem exudates with enhanced expression of sucrose transporters, SUT1, SUT4, and SWEET11. These results suggest that a synergistic interaction between ethylene and ABA might account for sucrose accumulation, mainly due to starch degradation in mature leaves and sucrose phloem loading in the ethephon-induced senescent leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
- Asian Pear Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Rashed Zaman
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Van Hien La
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Quyet Thang, Thai Nguyen 24119, Vietnam
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Central Instrument Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (R.Z.); (V.H.L.)
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12
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Sharma A, Bhattacharyya D, Sharma S, Chauhan RS. Transcriptome profiling reveal key hub genes in co-expression networks involved in Iridoid glycosides biosynthetic machinery in Picrorhiza kurroa. Genomics 2021; 113:3381-3394. [PMID: 34332040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Picrorhiza kurroa is a medicinal herb rich in hepatoprotective iridoid glycosides, picroside-I (P-I) and picroside-II (P-II). The biosynthetic machinery of picrosides is poorly understood, therefore, 'no-direction' gene co-expression networks were used to extract linked/closed and separated interactions in terpenoid glycosides-specific sub-networks. Transcriptomes generated from different organs, varying for P-I and P-II contents such as shoots grown at 15 and 25 °C and nursery-grown shoots, stolons, and roots resulted in 47,726, 44,958, 40,117, 66,979, and 55,578 annotated transcripts, respectively. Occurrence of 2810 ± 136 nodes and 15,626 ± 696 edges in these networks indicated intense, co-expressed, closed loop interactions. Either deregulation/inhibition of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis/signaling or constitutive degradation of ABA resulted in organ-specific accumulation of P-I and P-II. Biosynthesis, condensation and glucosylation of isoprene units may occur in shoots, roots or stolons; but addition of phenylpropanoid moiety and further modification/s of the iridoid backbone occurs mainly inside vacuoles in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Dipto Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rajinder Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India.
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13
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Tamang BG, Li S, Rajasundaram D, Lamichhane S, Fukao T. Overlapping and stress-specific transcriptomic and hormonal responses to flooding and drought in soybean. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:100-117. [PMID: 33864651 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flooding and drought are serious constraints that reduce crop productivity worldwide. Previous studies identified genes conferring tolerance to both water extremes in various plants. However, overlapping responses to flooding and drought at the genome-scale remain obscure. Here, we defined overlapping and stress-specific transcriptomic and hormonal responses to submergence, drought and recovery from these stresses in soybean (Glycine max). We performed comparative RNA-sequencing and hormone profiling, identifying genes, hormones and biological processes that are differentially regulated in an overlapping or stress-specific manner. Overlapping responses included positive regulation of trehalose and sucrose metabolism and negative regulation of cellulose, tubulin, photosystem II and I, and chlorophyll biosynthesis, facilitating the economization of energy reserves under both submergence and drought. Additional energy-consuming pathways were restricted in a stress-specific manner. Downregulation of distinct pathways for energy saving under each stress suggests energy-consuming processes that are relatively unnecessary for each stress adaptation are turned down. Our newly developed transcriptomic-response analysis revealed that abscisic acid and ethylene responses were activated in common under both stresses, whereas stimulated auxin response was submergence-specific. The energy-saving strategy is the key overlapping mechanism that underpins adaptation to both submergence and drought in soybean. Abscisic acid and ethylene are candidate hormones that coordinate transcriptomic energy-saving processes under both stresses. Auxin may be a signaling component that distinguishes submergence-specific regulation of the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal G Tamang
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Song Li
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Suman Lamichhane
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Takeshi Fukao
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
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14
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Zhang Q, Tang S, Li J, Fan C, Xing L, Luo K. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide insight into the long-term submergence response mechanisms of young Salix variegata stems. PLANTA 2021; 253:88. [PMID: 33813651 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying long-term complete submergence tolerance in S. variegata involve enhanced oxidative stress responses, strengthened ethylene and ABA signaling, synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, and specific stress-related amino acids. Salix variegata Franch. is a riparian shrub species that can tolerate long-term complete submergence; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this trait remain to be elucidated. In this study, we subjected S. variegata plants to complete submergence for 60 d and collected stems to perform transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, as well as quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. Results revealed that photosynthesis and the response to light stimulus were inhibited during submergence and recovered after desubmergence. Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling could be important for the long-term submergence tolerance of S. variegata. Jasmonic acid (JA) signaling also participated in the response to submergence. Raffinose family oligosaccharides, highly unsaturated fatty acids, and specific stress-related amino acids accumulated in response to submergence, indicating that they may protect plants from submergence damage, as they do in response to other abiotic stressors. Several organic acids were produced in S. variegata plants after submergence, which may facilitate coping with the toxicity induced by submergence. After long-term submergence, cell wall reorganization and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes (the synthesis of specific phenolics and flavonoids) were activated, which may contribute to long-term S. variegata submergence tolerance; however, the detailed mechanisms require further investigation. Several transcription factors (TFs), such as MYB, continuously responded to submergence, indicating that they may play important roles in the responses and adaption to submergence. Genes related to oxidative stress tolerance were specifically expressed after desubmergence, potentially contributing to recovery of S. variegata plants within a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No. 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Shaohu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No. 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No. 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chunfen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No. 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No. 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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15
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Huber M, Nieuwendijk NM, Pantazopoulou CK, Pierik R. Light signalling shapes plant-plant interactions in dense canopies. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1014-1029. [PMID: 33047350 PMCID: PMC8049026 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants growing at high densities interact via a multitude of pathways. Here, we provide an overview of mechanisms and functional consequences of plant architectural responses initiated by light cues that occur in dense vegetation. We will review the current state of knowledge about shade avoidance, as well as its possible applications. On an individual level, plants perceive neighbour-associated changes in light quality and quantity mainly with phytochromes for red and far-red light and cryptochromes and phototropins for blue light. Downstream of these photoreceptors, elaborate signalling and integration takes place with the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS, several hormones and other regulators. This signalling leads to the shade avoidance responses, consisting of hyponasty, stem and petiole elongation, apical dominance and life cycle adjustments. Architectural changes of the individual plant have consequences for the plant community, affecting canopy structure, species composition and population fitness. In this context, we highlight the ecological, evolutionary and agricultural importance of shade avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Huber
- Plant Ecophysiology, Dept. BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Dept. BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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16
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De Ollas C, González-Guzmán M, Pitarch Z, Matus JT, Candela H, Rambla JL, Granell A, Gómez-Cadenas A, Arbona V. Identification of ABA-Mediated Genetic and Metabolic Responses to Soil Flooding in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. Mill). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:613059. [PMID: 33746996 PMCID: PMC7973378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.613059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil flooding is a compound abiotic stress that alters soil properties and limits atmospheric gas diffusion (O2 and CO2) to the roots. The involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) in the regulation of soil flooding-specific genetic and metabolic responses has been scarcely studied despite its key importance as regulator in other abiotic stress conditions. To attain this objective, wild type and ABA-deficient tomatoes were subjected to short-term (24 h) soil waterlogging. After this period, gas exchange parameters were reduced in the wild type but not in ABA-deficient plants that always had higher E and g s . Transcript and metabolite alterations were more intense in waterlogged tissues, with genotype-specific variations. Waterlogging reduced the ABA levels in the roots while inducing PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors and ABA-dependent transcription factor transcripts, of which induction was less pronounced in the ABA-deficient genotype. Ethylene/O2-dependent genetic responses (ERFVIIs, plant anoxia survival responses, and genes involved in the N-degron pathway) were induced in hypoxic tissues independently of the genotype. Interestingly, genes encoding a nitrate reductase and a phytoglobin involved in NO biosynthesis and scavenging and ERFVII stability were induced in waterlogged tissues, but to a lower extent in ABA-deficient tomato. At the metabolic level, flooding-induced accumulation of Ala was enhanced in ABA-deficient lines following a differential accumulation of Glu and Asp in both hypoxic and aerated tissues, supporting their involvement as sources of oxalacetate to feed the tricarboxylic acid cycle in waterlogged tissues and constituting a potential advantage upon long periods of soil waterlogging. The promoter analysis of upregulated genes indicated that the production of oxalacetate from Asp via Asp oxidase, energy processes such as acetyl-CoA, ATP, and starch biosynthesis, and the lignification process were likely subjected to ABA regulation. Taken together, these data indicate that ABA depletion in waterlogged tissues acts as a positive signal, inducing several specific genetic and metabolic responses to soil flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos De Ollas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Guzmán
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Zara Pitarch
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Universitat de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna, Spain
| | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - José Luis Rambla
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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17
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van Veen H, Sasidharan R. Shape shifting by amphibious plants in dynamic hydrological niches. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:79-84. [PMID: 31782798 PMCID: PMC7754317 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amphibious plants thrive in areas with fluctuating water levels, partly as a result of their capacity to make specialized leaves when submerged or emerged. The tailor-made leaves improve gas exchange underwater or prevent aerial desiccation. Aquatic leaves are thin with narrow or dissected forms, thin cuticles and fewer stomata. These traits can combine with carbon-concentrating mechanisms and various inorganic carbon utilization strategies. Signalling networks underlying this plasticity include conserved players like abscisic acid and ethylene, but closer inspection reveals greater variation in regulatory behaviours. Moreover, it seems that amphibious leaf development overrides and reverses conserved signalling pathways of their terrestrial counterparts. The diversity of physiology and signalling makes plant amphibians particularly attractive for gaining insights into the evolution of signalling and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans van Veen
- Plant EcophysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant EcophysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
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18
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González-Guzmán M, Gómez-Cadenas A, Arbona V. Abscisic Acid as an Emerging Modulator of the Responses of Plants to Low Oxygen Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661789. [PMID: 33981326 PMCID: PMC8107475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Different environmental and developmental cues involve low oxygen conditions, particularly those associated to abiotic stress conditions. It is widely accepted that plant responses to low oxygen conditions are mainly regulated by ethylene (ET). However, interaction with other hormonal signaling pathways as gibberellins (GAs), auxin (IAA), or nitric oxide (NO) has been well-documented. In this network of interactions, abscisic acid (ABA) has always been present and regarded to as a negative regulator of the development of morphological adaptations to soil flooding: hyponastic growth, adventitious root emergence, or formation of secondary aerenchyma in different plant species. However, recent evidence points toward a positive role of this plant hormone on the modulation of plant responses to hypoxia and, more importantly, on the ability to recover during the post-hypoxic period. In this work, the involvement of ABA as an emerging regulator of plant responses to low oxygen conditions alone or in interaction with other hormones is reviewed and discussed.
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19
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Müller JT, van Veen H, Bartylla MM, Akman M, Pedersen O, Sun P, Schuurink RC, Takeuchi J, Todoroki Y, Weig AR, Sasidharan R, Mustroph A. Keeping the shoot above water - submergence triggers antithetical growth responses in stems and petioles of watercress (Nasturtium officinale). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:140-155. [PMID: 31792981 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling underwater elongation are based extensively on studies on internode elongation in the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) and petiole elongation in Rumex rosette species. Here, we characterize underwater growth in the dicot Nasturtium officinale (watercress), a wild species of the Brassicaceae family, in which submergence enhances stem elongation and suppresses petiole growth. We used a genome-wide transcriptome analysis to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed antithetical growth responses. Though submergence caused a substantial reconfiguration of the petiole and stem transcriptome, only little qualitative differences were observed between both tissues. A core submergence response included hormonal regulation and metabolic readjustment for energy conservation, whereas tissue-specific responses were associated with defense, photosynthesis, and cell wall polysaccharides. Transcriptomic and physiological characterization suggested that the established ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and GA growth regulatory module for underwater elongation could not fully explain underwater growth in watercress. Petiole growth suppression is likely attributed to a cell cycle arrest. Underwater stem elongation is driven by an early decline in ABA and is not primarily mediated by ethylene or GA. An enhanced stem elongation observed in the night period was not linked to hypoxia and suggests an involvement of circadian regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana T Müller
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Malte M Bartylla
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Melis Akman
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 361 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pulu Sun
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jun Takeuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yasushi Todoroki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Alfons R Weig
- Genomics & Bioinformatics, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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20
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Wang Q, Wang L, Chandrasekaran U, Luo X, Zheng C, Shu K. ABA Biosynthesis and Signaling Cascades Under Hypoxia Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661228. [PMID: 34249032 PMCID: PMC8264288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Umashankar Chandrasekaran
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Shu
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21
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Bui LT, Shukla V, Giorgi FM, Trivellini A, Perata P, Licausi F, Giuntoli B. Differential submergence tolerance between juvenile and adult Arabidopsis plants involves the ANAC017 transcription factor. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:979-994. [PMID: 32860440 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants need to attune their stress responses to the ongoing developmental programmes to maximize their efficacy. For instance, successful submergence adaptation is often associated with a delicate balance between saving resources and their expenditure to activate measures that allow stress avoidance or attenuation. We observed a significant decrease in submergence tolerance associated with ageing in Arabidopsis thaliana, with a critical step between 2 and 3 weeks of post-germination development. This sensitization to flooding was concomitant with the transition from juvenility to adulthood. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that a group of genes related to abscisic acid and oxidative stress response was more highly expressed in juvenile plants than in adult ones. These genes are induced by the endomembrane tethered transcription factor ANAC017 that was in turn activated by submergence-associated oxidative stress. A combination of molecular, biochemical and genetic analyses showed that these genes are located in genomic regions that move towards a heterochromatic state with adulthood, as marked by lysine 4 trimethylation of histone H3. We concluded that, while the mechanisms of flooding stress perception and signal transduction were unaltered between juvenile and adult phases, the sensitivity that these mechanisms set into action is integrated, via epigenetic regulation, into the developmental programme of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liem T Bui
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vinay Shukla
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Pharmacology and Biotechnology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Pierdomenico Perata
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Licausi
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Pharmacology and Biotechnology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Giuntoli
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Pharmacology and Biotechnology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Wang X, Komatsu S. Review: Proteomic Techniques for the Development of Flood-Tolerant Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7497. [PMID: 33053653 PMCID: PMC7589014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean, which is rich in protein and oil as well as phytochemicals, is cultivated in several climatic zones. However, its growth is markedly decreased by flooding stress, which is caused by climate change. Proteomic techniques were used for understanding the flood-response and -tolerant mechanisms in soybean. Subcellular proteomics has potential to elucidate localized cellular responses and investigate communications among subcellular components during plant growth and under stress stimuli. Furthermore, post-translational modifications play important roles in stress response and tolerance to flooding stress. Although many flood-response mechanisms have been reported, flood-tolerant mechanisms have not been fully clarified for soybean because of limitations in germplasm with flooding tolerance. This review provides an update on current biochemical and molecular networks involved in soybean tolerance against flooding stress, as well as recent developments in the area of functional genomics in terms of developing flood-tolerant soybeans. This work will expedite marker-assisted genetic enhancement studies in crops for developing high-yielding stress-tolerant lines or varieties under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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Nakamura M, Noguchi K. Tolerant mechanisms to O 2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:343-371. [PMID: 32185673 PMCID: PMC7214491 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetland plants can tolerate long-term strict hypoxia and anoxic conditions and the subsequent re-oxidative stress compared to terrestrial plants. During O2 deficiency, both wetland and terrestrial plants use NAD(P)+ and ATP that are produced during ethanol fermentation, sucrose degradation, and major amino acid metabolisms. The oxidation of NADH by non-phosphorylating pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is common in both terrestrial and wetland plants. As the wetland plants enhance and combine these traits especially in their roots, they can survive under long-term hypoxic and anoxic stresses. Wetland plants show two contrasting strategies, low O2 escape and low O2 quiescence strategies (LOES and LOQS, respectively). Differences between two strategies are ascribed to the different signaling networks related to phytohormones. During O2 deficiency, LOES-type plants show several unique traits such as shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and leaf acclimation, whereas the LOQS-type plants cease their growth and save carbohydrate reserves. Many wetland plants utilize NH4+ as the nitrogen (N) source without NH4+-dependent respiratory increase, leading to efficient respiratory O2 consumption in roots. In contrast, some wetland plants with high O2 supply system efficiently use NO3- from the soil where nitrification occurs. The differences in the N utilization strategies relate to the different systems of anaerobic ATP production, the NO2--driven ATP production and fermentation. The different N utilization strategies are functionally related to the hypoxia or anoxia tolerance in the wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoka Nakamura
- Department of Bio-Production, Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Kviklys D, Samuolienė G. Relationships Among the Rootstock, Crop Load, and Sugar Hormone Signaling of Apple Tree, and Their Effects on Biennial Bearing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1213. [PMID: 32849752 PMCID: PMC7427310 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Adjustable crop load primarily involves bud manipulation, and usually switches from vegetative to reproductive buds. While this switch is not fully understood, it is still controlled by the ratio of hormones, which promote or inhibit bud formation. To determine the reasons for biennial bearing, the effect of apple rootstock, scion cultivar, crop load, as well as metabolic changes of endogenous phytohormones [zeatin, jasmonic acid, indole-3 acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellins 1, 3, and 7 (GAs)], and soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sorbitol) were evaluated, and their connections with return bloom and yield of apple tree buds were analyzed. Cultivars "Ligol" and "Auksis" were tested on five rootstocks contrasting in induced vigor: semi-dwarfing M.26; dwarfing M.9, B.396, and P 67; and super-dwarfing P 22. Crop load levels were adjusted before flowering, leaving 75, 113, and 150 fruits per tree. Principal component analysis (PCA) scatter plot of the metabolic response of phytohormones and sugars indicated that the effect of the semi-dwarfing M.26 rootstock was significantly different from that of the dwarfing M.9 and P 67, as well as the super-dwarfing P 22 rootstocks in both varieties. The most intensive crop load (150 fruits per tree) produced a significantly different response compared to less intensive crop loads (113 and 75) in both varieties. In contrast to soluble sugar accumulation, increased crop load resulted in an increased accumulation of phytohormones, except for ABA. Dwarfing rootstocks M.9, B.396, and P 67, as well as super-dwarf P 22 produced an altered accumulation of promoter phytohormones, while the more vigorous semi-dwarfing M.26 rootstock induced a higher content of glucose and inhibitory phytohormones, by increasing content of IAA, ABA, and GAs. The most significant decrease in return bloom resulted from the highest crop load in "Auksis" grafted on M.9 and P 22 rootstocks. Average difference in flower number between crop loads of 75 and 150 fruits per tree in "Ligol" was 68%, while this difference reached ~ 90% for P 22, and ~ 75% for M.9 and M.26 rootstocks. Return bloom was dependent on the previous year's crop load, cultivar, and rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Kviklys
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Babtai, Lithuania
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research—NIBIO Ullensvang, Lofthus, Norway
- *Correspondence: Darius Kviklys,
| | - Giedrė Samuolienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Babtai, Lithuania
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Yu F, Liang K, Fang T, Zhao H, Han X, Cai M, Qiu F. A group VII ethylene response factor gene, ZmEREB180, coordinates waterlogging tolerance in maize seedlings. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2286-2298. [PMID: 31033158 PMCID: PMC6835127 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Group VII ethylene response factors (ERFVIIs) play important roles in ethylene signalling and plant responses to flooding. However, natural ERFVII variations in maize (ZmERFVIIs) that are directly associated with waterlogging tolerance have not been reported. Here, a candidate gene association analysis of the ZmERFVII gene family showed that a waterlogging-responsive gene, ZmEREB180, was tightly associated with waterlogging tolerance. ZmEREB180 expression specifically responded to waterlogging and was up-regulated by ethylene; in addition, its gene product localized to the nucleus. Variations in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and mRNA abundance of this gene under waterlogging conditions were significantly associated with survival rate (SR). Ectopic expression of ZmEREB180 in Arabidopsis increased the SR after submergence stress, and overexpression of ZmEREB180 in maize also enhanced the SR after long-term waterlogging stress, apparently through enhanced formation of adventitious roots (ARs) and regulation of antioxidant levels. Transcriptomic assays of the transgenic maize line under normal and waterlogged conditions further provided evidence that ZmEREB180 regulated AR development and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Our study provides direct evidence that a ZmERFVII gene is involved in waterlogging tolerance. These findings could be applied directly to breed waterlogging-tolerant maize cultivars and improve our understanding of waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Kun Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tian Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xuesong Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Manjun Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Fazhan Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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26
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Molecular Responses during Plant Grafting and Its Regulation by Auxins, Cytokinins, and Gibberellins. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090397. [PMID: 31443419 PMCID: PMC6770456 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant grafting is an important horticulture technique used to produce a new plant after joining rootstock and scion. This is one of the most used techniques by horticulturists to enhance the quality and production of various crops. Grafting helps in improving the health of plants, their yield, and the quality of plant products, along with the enhancement of their postharvest life. The main process responsible for successful production of grafted plants is the connection of vascular tissues. This step determines the success rate of grafts and hence needs to be studied in detail. There are many factors that regulate the connection of scion and stock, and plant hormones are of special interest for researchers in the recent times. These phytohormones act as signaling molecules and have the capability of translocation across the graft union. Plant hormones, mainly auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins, play a major role in the regulation of various key physiological processes occurring at the grafting site. In the current review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of graft development and the phytohormone-mediated regulation of the growth and development of graft union.
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VanWallendael A, Soltani A, Emery NC, Peixoto MM, Olsen J, Lowry DB. A Molecular View of Plant Local Adaptation: Incorporating Stress-Response Networks. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:559-583. [PMID: 30786237 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ecological specialization in plants occurs primarily through local adaptation to different environments. Local adaptation is widely thought to result in costly fitness trade-offs that result in maladaptation to alternative environments. However, recent studies suggest that such trade-offs are not universal. Further, there is currently a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for fitness trade-offs associated with adaptation. Here, we review the literature on stress responses in plants to identify potential mechanisms underlying local adaptation and ecological specialization. We focus on drought, high and low temperature, flooding, herbivore, and pathogen stresses. We then synthesize our findings with recent advances in the local adaptation and plant molecular biology literature. In the process, we identify mechanisms that could cause fitness trade-offs and outline scenarios where trade-offs are not a necessary consequence of adaptation. Future studies should aim to explicitly integrate molecular mechanisms into studies of local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acer VanWallendael
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Ali Soltani
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Nathan C Emery
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
| | - Murilo M Peixoto
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jason Olsen
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - David B Lowry
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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28
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Phytohormone-Mediated Stomatal Response, Escape and Quiescence Strategies in Plants under Flooding Stress. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Generally, flooding causes waterlogging or submergence stress which is considered as one of the most important abiotic factors that severely hinders plant growth and development. Plants might not complete their life cycle even in short duration of flooding. As biologically intelligent organisms, plants always try to resist or survive under such adverse circumstances by adapting a wide array of mechanisms including hormonal homeostasis. Under this mechanism, plants try to adapt through diverse morphological, physiological and molecular changes, including the closing of stomata, elongating of petioles, hollow stems or internodes, or maintaining minimum physiological activity to store energy to combat post-flooding stress and to continue normal growth and development. Mainly, ethylene, gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are directly and/or indirectly involved in hormonal homeostasis mechanisms. Responses of specific genes or transcription factors or reactive oxygen species (ROS) maintain the equilibrium between stomatal opening and closing, which is one of the fastest responses in plants when encountering flooding stress conditions. In this review paper, the sequential steps of some of the hormone-dependent survival mechanisms of plants under flooding stress conditions have been critically discussed.
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29
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Zheng C, Acheampong AK, Shi Z, Mugzech A, Halaly-Basha T, Shaya F, Sun Y, Colova V, Mosquna A, Ophir R, Galbraith DW, Or E. Abscisic acid catabolism enhances dormancy release of grapevine buds. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2490-2503. [PMID: 29907961 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism regulating dormancy release in grapevine buds is as yet unclear. It was formerly proposed that dormancy is maintained by abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated repression of bud-meristem activity and that removal of this repression triggers dormancy release. It was also proposed that such removal of repression may be achieved via natural or artificial up-regulation of VvA8H-CYP707A4, which encodes ABA 8'-hydroxylase, and is the most highly expressed paralog in grapevine buds. The current study further examines these assumptions, and its experiments reveal that (a) hypoxia and ethylene, stimuli of bud dormancy release, enhance expression of VvA8H-CYP707A4 within grape buds, (b) the VvA8H-CYP707A4 protein accumulates during the natural transition to the dormancy release stage, and (c) transgenic vines overexpressing VvA8H-CYP707A4 exhibit increased ABA catabolism and significant enhancement of bud break in controlled and natural environments and longer basal summer laterals. The results suggest that VvA8H-CYP707A4 functions as an ABA degrading enzyme, and are consistent with a model in which the VvA8H-CYP707A4 level in the bud is up-regulated by natural and artificial bud break stimuli, which leads to increased ABA degradation capacity, removal of endogenous ABA-mediated repression, and enhanced regrowth. Interestingly, it also hints at sharing of regulatory steps between latent and lateral bud outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlin Zheng
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Atiako Kwame Acheampong
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Zhaowan Shi
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Amichay Mugzech
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Tamar Halaly-Basha
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Felix Shaya
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yufei Sun
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Violeta Colova
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Assaf Mosquna
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Ophir
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - David W Galbraith
- School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Etti Or
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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30
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Yang X, Jansen MJ, Zhang Q, Sergeeva L, Ligterink W, Mariani C, Rieu I, Visser EJW. A disturbed auxin signaling affects adventitious root outgrowth in Solanum dulcamara under complete submergence. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 224-225:11-18. [PMID: 29574325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Flooding negatively affects the growth and even survival of most terrestrial plants. Upon flooding, the excess water quickly decreases the gas exchange between atmosphere and the submerged plant tissues, which leads to oxygen deficiency resulting in a plant cell energy crisis, and eventually plant death. Solanum dulcamara survives flooding by producing aerenchymatous adventitious roots (ARs) from pre-formed primordia on the stem, which replace the original flood-sensitive root system. However, we found that under complete submergence, AR outgrowth was impaired in S. dulcamara. In the present work, we tried to elucidate the mechanisms behind this phenomenon in particular the involvement of the phytohormones auxin, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a negative regulator of AR outgrowth, but surprisingly the ABA content and signaling were decreased to a similar extent under both partial and complete submergence, suggesting that ABA might not be responsible for the difference in AR outgrowth. Auxin, which is necessary for AR outgrowth, was at similar concentrations in either partially or completely submerged primordia, but complete submergence resulted in a decrease of auxin signaling in the primordia. Application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to completely submerged plants restored AR outgrowth, implying that auxin response in the rooting tissues of completely submerged plants was reduced. Furthermore, jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations did not differ between partial and complete submergence. To conclude, a disruption in the auxin signaling within S. dulcamara AR primordia may result in the abortion of AR outgrowth under complete submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Yang
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Martijn J Jansen
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lidiya Sergeeva
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Celestina Mariani
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo Rieu
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Kovaleva LV, Voronkov AS, Zakharova EV, Andreev IM. ABA and IAA control microsporogenesis in Petunia hybrida L. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:751-759. [PMID: 29134282 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation of fertile male gametophyte is known to require timely degeneration of polyfunctional tapetum tissue. The last process caused by the programmed cell death (PCD) is a part of the anther program maturation which leads to sequential anther tissue destruction coordinated with pollen differentiation. In the present work, distribution of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in developing anthers of male-fertile and male-sterile lines of petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) was analyzed by using the immunohistochemical method. It was established that the development of fertile male gametophyte was accompanied by monotonous elevation of ABA and IAA levels in reproductive cells and, in contrast, their monotonous lowering in tapetum cells and the middle layers. Abortion of microsporocytes in the meiosis prophase in the sterile line caused by premature tapetum degeneration along with complete maintenance of the middle layers was accompanied by dramatic, twofold elevation in the levels of both the phytohormones in reproductive cells. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that at the meiosis stage ABA and IAA are involved in the PCD of microsporocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Kovaleva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - A S Voronkov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- State Humanitarian-Technological University, Zelenaya St. 22, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, 142611, Russia
| | - E V Zakharova
- Russian State Agrarian University-Agricultural Academy named by Timiryazev, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - I M Andreev
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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Lei S, Zeng B, Xu S, Zhang X. Response of basal metabolic rate to complete submergence of riparian species Salix variegata in the Three Gorges reservoir region. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13885. [PMID: 29066737 PMCID: PMC5654956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One-year old seedlings of Salix variegata (submergence-tolerant) and Cinnamomum camphora (submergence-intolerant) were selected and subjected to complete submergence (2 m) for 1, 5, 10, and 20 days, to elucidate the submergence- tolerance mechanism of S. variegata in the Three Gorges reservoir region. The basal CO2 emission ratios (BCERs) and O2 consumption rates (OCRs) of leaf, stem, and root were determined. The basal O2 consumption rates (BOCRs) were calculated from the OCRs of different parts and their biomass allocations and used for evaluating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of species with BCERs. The results showed that: (1) The BCERs of both species responded to flooding similarly, and no significant differences occurred between the submerged S. variegata (SS) and the submerged C. camphora (SC) seedlings, and between the control S. variegata (CS) and the control C. camphora (CC) seedlings. (2) The BOCRs of SS were significantly lower than those of SC on days 1 and 20, while no significant differences occurred between CS and CC for every duration. Therefore, the BMRs, evaluated from BOCRs rather than from BCERs, were related to submergence-tolerance of species, and the response of BMR to submergence would contribute to the survival of S. variegata seedlings under flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Lei
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Shaojun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Xiang J, Wu H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Lin H, Chen H, Zhang J, Zhu D. Transcriptomic Analysis of Gibberellin- and Paclobutrazol-Treated Rice Seedlings under Submergence. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2225. [PMID: 29064391 PMCID: PMC5666904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Submergence stress is a limiting factor for rice growing in rainfed lowland areas of the world. It is known that the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) has negative effects on submergence tolerance in rice, while its inhibitor paclobutrazol (PB) does the opposite. However, the physiological and molecular basis underlying the GA- and PB-regulated submergence response remains largely unknown. In this study, we reveal that PB could significantly enhance rice seedling survival by retaining a higher level of chlorophyll content and alcohol dehydrogenase activity, and decelerating the consumption of non-structure carbohydrate when compared with the control and GA-treated samples. Further transcriptomic analysis identified 3936 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the GA- and PB-treated samples and control, which are extensively involved in the submergence and other abiotic stress responses, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, photosynthesis, and nutrient metabolism. The results suggested that PB enhances rice survival under submergence through maintaining the photosynthesis capacity and reducing nutrient metabolism. Taken together, the current study provided new insight into the mechanism of phytohormone-regulated submergence response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Yikai Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Yuan LongPing High-TechAgriculture Co., Ltd., Changsha 410001, China.
| | - Huizhe Chen
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Defeng Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
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Mira MM, El-Khateeb EA, SayedAhmed HI, Hill RD, Stasolla C. Are avoidance and acclimation responses during hypoxic stress modulated by distinct cell-specific mechanisms? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1273304. [PMID: 28010170 PMCID: PMC5289513 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1273304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to hypoxic stress through either acclimation to the stress or avoidance of it, as they do to most environmental stresses. The hypothesis that has general consensus among the community is that ethylene response factors (ERFs) are central elements that control both types of responses to hypoxia. Recent studies suggest that this may not be the case for all cells experiencing hypoxic stress. Mature maize root cells undergoing hypoxic stress were found to undergo acclimation and avoidance mechanisms involving ERFs, whereas meristematic root cells and cells still undergoing differentiation acclimated to the response without the involvement of ethylene synthesis or ERFs. Phytoglobins (PGBs) and NO were demonstrated to be components critical to the acclimation response. These findings are discussed relative to the possibility that PGBs may be acting as molecular switches controlling cellular stress responses and hormonal changes and responses in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Mira
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman A. El-Khateeb
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Robert D. Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Zhang JY, Huang SN, Wang G, Xuan JP, Guo ZR. Overexpression of Actinidia deliciosa pyruvate decarboxylase 1 gene enhances waterlogging stress in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 106:244-52. [PMID: 27191596 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ethanolic fermentation is classically associated with waterlogging tolerance when plant cells switch from respiration to anaerobic fermentation. Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), which catalyzes the first step in this pathway, is thought to be the main regulatory enzyme. Here, we cloned a full-length PDC cDNA sequence from kiwifruit, named AdPDC1. We determined the expression of the AdPDC1 gene in kiwifruit under different environmental stresses using qRT-PCR, and the results showed that the increase of AdPDC1 expression during waterlogging stress was much higher than that during salt, cold, heat and drought stresses. Overexpression of kiwifruit AdPDC1 in transgenic Arabidopsis enhanced the resistance to waterlogging stress but could not enhance resistance to cold stress at five weeks old seedlings. Overexpression of kiwifruit AdPDC1 in transgenic Arabidopsis could not enhance resistance to NaCl and mannitol stresses at the stage of seed germination and in early seedlings. These results suggested that the kiwifruit AdPDC1 gene is required during waterlogging but might not be required during other environmental stresses. Expression of the AdPDC1 gene was down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) in kiwifruit, and overexpression of the AdPDC1 gene in Arabidopsis inhibited seed germination and root length under ABA treatment, indicating that ABA might negatively regulate the AdPDC1 gene under waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Sheng-Nan Huang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ji-Ping Xuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhong-Ren Guo
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Phukan UJ, Mishra S, Shukla RK. Waterlogging and submergence stress: affects and acclimation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:956-66. [PMID: 26177332 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1064856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Submergence, whether partial or complete, imparts some serious consequences on plants grown in flood prone ecosystems. Some plants can endure these conditions by embracing various survival strategies, including morphological adaptations and physiological adjustments. This review summarizes recent progress made in understanding of the stress and the acclimation responses of plants under waterlogged or submerged conditions. Waterlogging and submergence are often associated with hypoxia development, which may trigger various morphological traits and cellular acclimation responses. Ethylene, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid and other hormones play a crucial role in the survival process which is controlled genetically. Effects at the cellular level, including ATP management, starch metabolism, elemental toxicity, role of transporters and redox status have been explained. Transcriptional and hormonal interplay during this stress may provide some key aspects in understanding waterlogging and submergence tolerance. The level and degree of tolerance may vary depending on species or climatic variations which need to be studied for a proper understanding of waterlogging stress at the global level. The exploration of regulatory pathways and interplay in model organisms such as Arabidopsis and rice would provide valuable resources for improvement of economically and agriculturally important plants in waterlogging affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal J Phukan
- a Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP) , Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Sonal Mishra
- a Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP) , Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- a Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP) , Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Zhang H, Wang R, Wang X, Du N, Ge X, Du Y, Liu J. Recurrent Water Level Fluctuation Alleviates the Effects of Submergence Stress on the Invasive Riparian Plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129549. [PMID: 26066509 PMCID: PMC4467080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent water level fluctuation and submergence of plants are common in riparian zones. Our study objectives were to test the independent and interactive effects of submergence level and fluctuation frequency on a globally important riparian invasive plant, Alternanthera philoxeroides. To this end, we conducted a greenhouse experiment, in which ramets of the plants, obtained from a wetland in China, were treated with four fluctuation frequencies (0, 3, 6, and 12 cycles over a 96-day experimental period) under three water levels (0, 10, and 30 cm). We found that effects of fluctuation frequency were non-significant, negative, and positive under water levels of 0, 10 and 30 cm, respectively. As fluctuation frequency increased, the effects of increasing water level decreased significantly. When water levels were high, A. philoxeroides allocated greater biomass to shoot production probably in order to elongate and escape from submergence. However, as fluctuation frequency increased, biomass investment in roots and leaves also increased, probably in order to maximize nutrient absorption and photosynthesis, respectively. These results suggest that water level fluctuation may alleviate the effects of submergence on A. philoxeroides. In addition, A. philoxeroides showed significant phenotypic plasticity, adjusting its functional traits, such as number of nodes and leaves per stem, as well as stem diameter and pith cavity diameter, according to recurrent water level fluctuation. We conclude that A. philoxeroides may perform better in shallow water zones under conditions of disturbance that include recurrent water level fluctuation. This ability to adapt to disturbance likely promotes its growth and invasion in disturbed habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Renqing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Du
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuli Ge
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Qilu University Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanda Du
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Voesenek LACJ, Bailey-Serres J. Flood adaptive traits and processes: an overview. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:57-73. [PMID: 25580769 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Unanticipated flooding challenges plant growth and fitness in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Here we describe mechanisms of developmental plasticity and metabolic modulation that underpin adaptive traits and acclimation responses to waterlogging of root systems and submergence of aerial tissues. This includes insights into processes that enhance ventilation of submerged organs. At the intersection between metabolism and growth, submergence survival strategies have evolved involving an ethylene-driven and gibberellin-enhanced module that regulates growth of submerged organs. Opposing regulation of this pathway is facilitated by a subgroup of ethylene-response transcription factors (ERFs), which include members that require low O₂ or low nitric oxide (NO) conditions for their stabilization. These transcription factors control genes encoding enzymes required for anaerobic metabolism as well as proteins that fine-tune their function in transcription and turnover. Other mechanisms that control metabolism and growth at seed, seedling and mature stages under flooding conditions are reviewed, as well as findings demonstrating that true endurance of submergence includes an ability to restore growth following the deluge. Finally, we highlight molecular insights obtained from natural variation of domesticated and wild species that occupy different hydrological niches, emphasizing the value of understanding natural flooding survival strategies in efforts to stabilize crop yields in flood-prone environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Yin CC, Ma B, Collinge DP, Pogson BJ, He SJ, Xiong Q, Duan KX, Chen H, Yang C, Lu X, Wang YQ, Zhang WK, Chu CC, Sun XH, Fang S, Chu JF, Lu TG, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Ethylene responses in rice roots and coleoptiles are differentially regulated by a carotenoid isomerase-mediated abscisic acid pathway. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1061-81. [PMID: 25841037 PMCID: PMC4558702 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) act synergistically or antagonistically to regulate plant growth and development. ABA is derived from the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Here, we analyzed the interplay among ethylene, carotenoid biogenesis, and ABA in rice (Oryza sativa) using the rice ethylene response mutant mhz5, which displays a reduced ethylene response in roots but an enhanced ethylene response in coleoptiles. We found that MHZ5 encodes a carotenoid isomerase and that the mutation in mhz5 blocks carotenoid biosynthesis, reduces ABA accumulation, and promotes ethylene production in etiolated seedlings. ABA can largely rescue the ethylene response of the mhz5 mutant. Ethylene induces MHZ5 expression, the production of neoxanthin, an ABA biosynthesis precursor, and ABA accumulation in roots. MHZ5 overexpression results in enhanced ethylene sensitivity in roots and reduced ethylene sensitivity in coleoptiles. Mutation or overexpression of MHZ5 also alters the expression of ethylene-responsive genes. Genetic studies revealed that the MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway acts downstream of ethylene signaling to inhibit root growth. The MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway likely acts upstream but negatively regulates ethylene signaling to control coleoptile growth. Our study reveals novel interactions among ethylene, carotenogenesis, and ABA and provides insight into improvements in agronomic traits and adaptive growth through the manipulation of these pathways in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Derek Phillip Collinge
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Barry James Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Si-Jie He
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Duan
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Qin Wang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Cai Chu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang Fang
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Fang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tie-Gang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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40
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Clauw P, Coppens F, De Beuf K, Dhondt S, Van Daele T, Maleux K, Storme V, Clement L, Gonzalez N, Inzé D. Leaf responses to mild drought stress in natural variants of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:800-16. [PMID: 25604532 PMCID: PMC4348775 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.254284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the response of plants exposed to severe drought stress has been studied extensively, little is known about how plants adapt their growth under mild drought stress conditions. Here, we analyzed the leaf and rosette growth response of six Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions originating from different geographic regions when exposed to mild drought stress. The automated phenotyping platform WIWAM was used to impose stress early during leaf development, when the third leaf emerges from the shoot apical meristem. Analysis of growth-related phenotypes showed differences in leaf development between the accessions. In all six accessions, mild drought stress reduced both leaf pavement cell area and number without affecting the stomatal index. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis (using RNA sequencing) of early developing leaf tissue identified 354 genes differentially expressed under mild drought stress in the six accessions. Our results indicate the existence of a robust response over different genetic backgrounds to mild drought stress in developing leaves. The processes involved in the overall mild drought stress response comprised abscisic acid signaling, proline metabolism, and cell wall adjustments. In addition to these known severe drought-related responses, 87 genes were found to be specific for the response of young developing leaves to mild drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Clauw
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof De Beuf
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Twiggy Van Daele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Clement
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Ma B, Yin CC, He SJ, Lu X, Zhang WK, Lu TG, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Ethylene-induced inhibition of root growth requires abscisic acid function in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004701. [PMID: 25330236 PMCID: PMC4199509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) have a complicated interplay in many developmental processes. Their interaction in rice is largely unclear. Here, we characterized a rice ethylene-response mutant mhz4, which exhibited reduced ethylene-response in roots but enhanced ethylene-response in coleoptiles of etiolated seedlings. MHZ4 was identified through map-based cloning and encoded a chloroplast-localized membrane protein homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) ABA4, which is responsible for a branch of ABA biosynthesis. MHZ4 mutation reduced ABA level, but promoted ethylene production. Ethylene induced MHZ4 expression and promoted ABA accumulation in roots. MHZ4 overexpression resulted in enhanced and reduced ethylene response in roots and coleoptiles, respectively. In root, MHZ4-dependent ABA pathway acts at or downstream of ethylene receptors and positively regulates root ethylene response. This ethylene-ABA interaction mode is different from that reported in Arabidopsis, where ethylene-mediated root inhibition is independent of ABA function. In coleoptile, MHZ4-dependent ABA pathway acts at or upstream of OsEIN2 to negatively regulate coleoptile ethylene response, possibly by affecting OsEIN2 expression. At mature stage, mhz4 mutation affects branching and adventitious root formation on stem nodes of higher positions, as well as yield-related traits. Together, our findings reveal a novel mode of interplay between ethylene and ABA in control of rice growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Jie He
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Gang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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42
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New Insights into the Metabolic and Molecular Mechanism of Plant Response to Anaerobiosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 311:231-64. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800179-0.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Gregory PJ, Atkinson CJ, Bengough AG, Else MA, Fernández-Fernández F, Harrison RJ, Schmidt S. Contributions of roots and rootstocks to sustainable, intensified crop production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1209-22. [PMID: 23378378 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable intensification is seen as the main route for meeting the world's increasing demands for food and fibre. As demands mount for greater efficiency in the use of resources to achieve this goal, so the focus on roots and rootstocks and their role in acquiring water and nutrients, and overcoming pests and pathogens, is increasing. The purpose of this review is to explore some of the ways in which understanding root systems and their interactions with soils could contribute to the development of more sustainable systems of intensive production. Physical interactions with soil particles limit root growth if soils are dense, but root-soil contact is essential for optimal growth and uptake of water and nutrients. X-ray microtomography demonstrated that maize roots elongated more rapidly with increasing root-soil contact, as long as mechanical impedance was not limiting root elongation, while lupin was less sensitive to changes in root-soil contact. In addition to selecting for root architecture and rhizosphere properties, the growth of many plants in cultivated systems is profoundly affected by selection of an appropriate rootstock. Several mechanisms for scion control by rootstocks have been suggested, but the causal signals are still uncertain and may differ between crop species. Linkage map locations for quantitative trait loci for disease resistance and other traits of interest in rootstock breeding are becoming available. Designing root systems and rootstocks for specific environments is becoming a feasible target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gregory
- East Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
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Gommers CMM, Visser EJW, St Onge KR, Voesenek LACJ, Pierik R. Shade tolerance: when growing tall is not an option. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:65-71. [PMID: 23084466 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two different plant strategies exist to deal with shade: shade avoidance and shade tolerance. All shade-exposed plants optimize photosynthesis to adapt to the decrease in light quality and quantity. When shaded, most species in open habitats express the shade-avoidance syndrome, a growth response to escape shade. Shade-tolerant species from forest understories cannot outgrow surrounding trees and adopt a tolerance response. Unlike shade avoidance, virtually nothing is known about regulation of shade tolerance. In this opinion article, we discuss potential modes of molecular regulation to adopt a shade-tolerance rather than a shade-avoidance strategy. We argue that molecular approaches using model and non-model species should help identify the molecular pathways that underpin shade tolerance, thus providing knowledge for further crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M M Gommers
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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45
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Bailey-Serres J, Lee SC, Brinton E. Waterproofing crops: effective flooding survival strategies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1698-709. [PMID: 23093359 PMCID: PMC3510103 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.208173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0124, USA.
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Majláth I, Szalai G, Soós V, Sebestyén E, Balázs E, Vanková R, Dobrev PI, Tari I, Tandori J, Janda T. Effect of light on the gene expression and hormonal status of winter and spring wheat plants during cold hardening. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 145:296-314. [PMID: 22257084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of light on gene expression and hormonal status during the development of freezing tolerance was studied in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Mv Emese) and in the spring wheat variety Nadro. Ten-day-old plants (3-leaf stage) were cold hardened at 5°C for 12 days under either normal (250 µmol m(-2) s(-1) ) or low (20 µmol m(-2) s(-1) ) light conditions. Comprehensive analysis was carried out to explore the background of frost tolerance and the differences between these wheat varieties. Global genome analysis was performed, enquiring about the details of the cold signaling pathways. The expression level of a large number of genes is affected by light, and this effect may differ in different wheat genotypes. Photosynthesis-related processes probably play a key role in the enhancement of freezing tolerance; however, there are several other genes whose induction is light-dependent, so either there is cross-talk between signaling of chloroplast originating and other protective mechanisms or there are other light sensors that transduce signals to the components responsible for stress tolerance. Changes in the level of both plant hormones (indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins, nitric oxide and ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) and other stress-related protective substances (proline, phenolics) were investigated during the phases of the hardening period. Hormonal levels were also affected by light and their dynamics indicate that wheat plants try to keep growing during the cold-hardening period. The data from this experiment may provide a new insight into the cross talk between cold and light signaling in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Majláth
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
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Akman M, Bhikharie AV, McLean EH, Boonman A, Visser EJW, Schranz ME, van Tienderen PH. Wait or escape? Contrasting submergence tolerance strategies of Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa sylvestris and their hybrid. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:1263-76. [PMID: 22499857 PMCID: PMC3359918 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Differential responses of closely related species to submergence can provide insight into the evolution and mechanisms of submergence tolerance. Several traits of two wetland species from habitats with contrasting flooding regimes, Rorippa amphibia and Rorippa sylvestris, as well as F(1) hybrid Rorippa × anceps were analysed to unravel mechanisms underlying submergence tolerance. METHODS In the first submergence experiment (lasting 20 d) we analysed biomass, stem elongation and carbohydrate content. In the second submergence experiment (lasting 3 months) we analysed survival and the effect of re-establishment of air contact on biomass and carbohydrate content. In a separate experiment we analysed expression of two carbohydrate catabolism genes, ADH1 and SUS1, upon re-establishment of air contact following submergence. KEY RESULTS All plants had low mortality even after 3 months of submergence. Rorippa sylvestris was characterized by 100 % survival and higher carbohydrate levels coupled with lower ADH1 gene expression as well as reduced growth compared with R. amphibia. Rorippa amphibia and the hybrid elongated their stems but this did not pay-off in higher survival when plants remained submerged. Only R. amphibia and the hybrid benefited in terms of increased biomass and carbohydrate accumulation upon re-establishing air contact. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate contrasting 'escape' and 'quiescence' strategies between Rorippa species. Being a close relative of arabidopsis, Rorippa is an excellent model for future studies on the molecular mechanism(s) controlling these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Akman
- Experimental Plant Systematics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bailey-Serres J, Fukao T, Gibbs DJ, Holdsworth MJ, Lee SC, Licausi F, Perata P, Voesenek LACJ, van Dongen JT. Making sense of low oxygen sensing. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:129-38. [PMID: 22280796 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific group VII Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) transcription factors have emerged as pivotal regulators of flooding and low oxygen responses. In rice (Oryza sativa), these proteins regulate contrasting strategies of flooding survival. Recent studies on Arabidopsis thaliana group VII ERFs show they are stabilized under hypoxia but destabilized under oxygen-replete conditions via the N-end rule pathway of targeted proteolysis. Oxygen-dependent sequestration at the plasma membrane maintains at least one of these proteins, RAP2.12, under normoxia. Remarkably, SUB1A, the rice group VII ERF that enables prolonged submergence tolerance, appears to evade oxygen-regulated N-end rule degradation. We propose that the turnover of group VII ERFs is of ecological relevance in wetland species and might be manipulated to improve flood tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124, USA.
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Lumba S, Tsuchiya Y, Delmas F, Hezky J, Provart NJ, Shi Lu Q, McCourt P, Gazzarrini S. The embryonic leaf identity gene FUSCA3 regulates vegetative phase transitions by negatively modulating ethylene-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis. BMC Biol 2012; 10:8. [PMID: 22348746 PMCID: PMC3305478 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-10-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The embryonic temporal regulator FUSCA3 (FUS3) plays major roles in the establishment of embryonic leaf identity and the regulation of developmental timing. Loss-of-function mutations of this B3 domain transcription factor result in replacement of cotyledons with leaves and precocious germination, whereas constitutive misexpression causes the conversion of leaves into cotyledon-like organs and delays vegetative and reproductive phase transitions. Results Herein we show that activation of FUS3 after germination dampens the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and response to the plant hormone ethylene, whereas a loss-of-function fus3 mutant shows many phenotypes consistent with increased ethylene signaling. This FUS3-dependent regulation of ethylene signaling also impinges on timing functions outside embryogenesis. Loss of FUS3 function results in accelerated vegetative phase change, and this is again partially dependent on functional ethylene signaling. This alteration in vegetative phase transition is dependent on both embryonic and vegetative FUS3 function, suggesting that this important transcriptional regulator controls both embryonic and vegetative developmental timing. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the embryonic regulator FUS3 not only controls the embryonic-to-vegetative phase transition through hormonal (ABA/GA) regulation but also functions postembryonically to delay vegetative phase transitions by negatively modulating ethylene-regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Lumba
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yasuor H, Milan M, Eckert JW, Fischer AJ. Quinclorac resistance: a concerted hormonal and enzymatic effort in Echinochloa phyllopogon. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2012; 68:108-115. [PMID: 21717565 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-quinoline-carboxylic acid) is a selective herbicide widely used to control annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds. Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss. is the most noxious grass weed in California rice fields and has evolved resistance to multiple herbicides with different modes of action. A quinclorac-resistant (R) E. phyllopogon biotype found in a Sacramento Valley rice field where quinclorac has never been applied was investigated. RESULTS Resistant to susceptible (S) GR(50) (herbicide rate for 50% growth reduction) ratios ranged from 6 to 17. The cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion (200 mg L(-1)) caused R plants to become as quinclorac susceptible as S plants. Quinclorac rapidly (6 HAT) stimulated ethylene formation in S plants, but only marginally in R plants. Malathion pretreatment did not reduce ethylene formation by quinclorac-treated S and R plants. Activity of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) in tissue extracts was 2-3-fold greater in R than in S plants, and incubation of shoot extracts with 1 mM malathion reduced β-CAS activity by 40% in both biotypes. CONCLUSION Resistance to quinclorac in R E. phyllopogon involved at least two mechanisms: (a) insensitivity along the response pathway whereby quinclorac induces ethylene production; (b) enhanced β-CAS activity, which should enable greater HCN detoxification following quinclorac stimulation of ethylene biosynthesis. This unveils new resistance mechanisms for this multiple-resistant biotype widely spread throughout California rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Yasuor
- Weed Science Program, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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