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Fukudome M, Uchiumi T. Regulation of nitric oxide by phytoglobins in Lotus japonicus is involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis with Rhizophagus irregularis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111984. [PMID: 38220094 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Various reactive molecular species are generated in plant-microbe interactions, and these species participate in defense and symbiotic responses. Leguminous plants successfully establish symbiosis by maintaining an appropriate level of nitric oxide (NO), which is generated in the roots and nodules during root nodule symbiosis. Phytoglobin (plant hemoglobin) controls NO levels in plants. In this study, we investigated mycorrhizal symbiosis, which occurs in more than 80% of land plants, between Rhizophagus irregularis and Lotus japonicus to clarify the involvement of phytoglobin-mediated NO regulation. The mycorrhizae of L. japonicus exhibited higher NO levels in the presence of R. irregularis than in its absence, especially at the infection site. LjGlb1-1, a phytoglobin that regulates NO level in L. japonicus, was upregulated during symbiosis with R. irregularis. In transformed hairy roots carrying the ProLjGlb1-1:GUS construct, LjGlb1-1 expression was observed at the R. irregularis infection site. We further examined the symbiotic phenotypes of L. japonicus lines with high and low LjGlb1-1 expression with R. irregularis. During mycorrhizal symbiosis, the high LjGlb1-1 expression line exhibited better growth than the wild-type, whereas the low expression line exhibited poor growth. In addition, the expression of LjPT4, a phosphate transporter specific to mycorrhizal symbiosis, was higher in the high LjGlb1-1 expression line, whereas that of the tubulin gene of R. irregularis was lower in the low LjGlb1-1 expression line than in the wild-type. These results confirm that NO regulation by LjGlb1-1 is involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis in L. japonicus, as it is reportedly in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Fukudome
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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2
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Pathak PK, Yadav N, Kaladhar VC, Jaiswal R, Kumari A, Igamberdiev AU, Loake GJ, Gupta KJ. The emerging roles of nitric oxide and its associated scavengers-phytoglobins-in plant symbiotic interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:563-577. [PMID: 37843034 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A key feature in the establishment of symbiosis between plants and microbes is the maintenance of the balance between the production of the small redox-related molecule, nitric oxide (NO), and its cognate scavenging pathways. During the establishment of symbiosis, a transition from a normoxic to a microoxic environment often takes place, triggering the production of NO from nitrite via a reductive production pathway. Plant hemoglobins [phytoglobins (Phytogbs)] are a central tenant of NO scavenging, with NO homeostasis maintained via the Phytogb-NO cycle. While the first plant hemoglobin (leghemoglobin), associated with the symbiotic relationship between leguminous plants and bacterial Rhizobium species, was discovered in 1939, most other plant hemoglobins, identified only in the 1990s, were considered as non-symbiotic. From recent studies, it is becoming evident that the role of Phytogbs1 in the establishment and maintenance of plant-bacterial and plant-fungal symbiosis is also essential in roots. Consequently, the division of plant hemoglobins into symbiotic and non-symbiotic groups becomes less justified. While the main function of Phytogbs1 is related to the regulation of NO levels, participation of these proteins in the establishment of symbiotic relationships between plants and microorganisms represents another important dimension among the other processes in which these key redox-regulatory proteins play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Yadav
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rekha Jaiswal
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- Centre for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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3
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Terrón-Camero LC, Molina-Moya E, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Sandalio LM, Romero-Puertas MC. Nitric Oxide and Globin Glb1 Regulate Fusarium oxysporum Infection of Arabidopsis thaliana. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1321. [PMID: 37507861 PMCID: PMC10376111 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants continuously interact with fungi, some of which, such as Fusarium oxysporum, are lethal, leading to reduced crop yields. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been found to play a regulatory role in plant responses to F. oxysporum, although the underlying mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study, we show that Arabidopsis mutants with altered levels of phytoglobin 1 (Glb1) have a higher survival rate than wild type (WT) after infection with F. oxysporum, although all the genotypes analyzed exhibited a similar fungal burden. None of the defense responses that were analyzed in Glb1 lines, such as phenols, iron metabolism, peroxidase activity, or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, appear to explain their higher survival rates. However, the early induction of the PR genes may be one of the reasons for the observed survival rate of Glb1 lines infected with F. oxysporum. Furthermore, while PR1 expression was induced in Glb1 lines very early on the response to F. oxysporum, this induction was not observed in WT plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Molina-Moya
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Rovere M, Pucciariello C, Castella C, Berger A, Forgia M, Guyet TA, Bosseno M, Pacoud M, Brouquisse R, Perata P, Boscari A. Group VII ethylene response factors, MtERF74 and MtERF75, sustain nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula microoxic nodules. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:607-620. [PMID: 36479691 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Group VII ethylene response factors (ERF-VII) are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) known for their role in the activation of hypoxia-responsive genes under low oxygen stress but also in plant endogenous hypoxic niches. However, their function in the microaerophilic nitrogen-fixing nodules of legumes has not yet been investigated. We investigated regulation and the function of the two Medicago truncatula ERF-VII TFs (MtERF74 and MtERF75) in roots and nodules, MtERF74 and MtERF75 in response to hypoxia stress and during the nodulation process using an RNA interference strategy and targeted proteolysis of MtERF75. Knockdown of MtERF74 and MtERF75 partially blocked the induction of hypoxia-responsive genes in roots exposed to hypoxia stress. In addition, a significant reduction in nodulation capacity and nitrogen fixation activity was observed in mature nodules of double knockdown transgenic roots. Overall, the results indicate that MtERF74 and MtERF75 are involved in the induction of MtNR1 and Pgb1.1 expression for efficient Phytogb-nitric oxide respiration in the nodule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rovere
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Chiara Pucciariello
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claude Castella
- INRAE, UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles (PSH), Site Agroparc, Avignon, France
| | - Antoine Berger
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marco Forgia
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Tran A Guyet
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marc Bosseno
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marie Pacoud
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Fukudome M, Ishizaki H, Shimokawa Y, Mori T, Uchi-Fukudome N, Umnajkitikorn K, Murakami EI, Uchiumi T, Kawaguchi M. Reactive Sulfur Species Produced by Cystathionine γ-lyase Function in the Establishment of Mesorhizobium loti-Lotus japonicus Symbiosis. Microbes Environ 2023; 38:ME23021. [PMID: 37704435 PMCID: PMC10522845 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are present in root nodules; however, their role in symbiosis and the mechanisms underlying their production remain unclear. We herein investigated whether RSS produced by the cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) of microsymbionts are involved in root nodule symbiosis. A cse mutant of Mesorhizobium loti exhibited the decreased production of hydrogen sulfide and other RSS. Although the CSE mutation of M. loti did not affect the early stages of symbiosis, i.e., infection and nodulation, with Lotus japonicus, it reduced the nitrogenase activity of nodules and induced their early senescence. Additionally, changes in the production of sulfur compounds and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in the infected cells of nodules induced by the cse mutants. The effects of CSE inhibitors in the L. japonicus rhizosphere on symbiosis with M. loti were also investigated. All three CSE inhibitors suppressed infection and nodulation by M. loti concomitant with decreased RSS levels and increased ROS and nitric oxide levels. Therefore, RSS derived from the CSE activity of both the microsymbiont and host plant are required for symbiosis, but function at different stages of symbiosis, possibly with crosstalk with other reactive mole-cular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Fukudome
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761–0795, Japan
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444–8585, Japan
| | - Haruka Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1–21–35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1–21–35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mori
- Trans-Omics Facility, Trans-Scale Biology Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444–8585, Japan
| | - Nahoko Uchi-Fukudome
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8–35–1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
| | - Kamolchanok Umnajkitikorn
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Ei-ichi Murakami
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444–8585, Japan
- Nihon Pall Ltd. Scientific and Laboratory Service, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300–0315, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1–21–35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444–8585, Japan
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6
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Minguillón S, Matamoros MA, Duanmu D, Becana M. Signaling by reactive molecules and antioxidants in legume nodules. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:815-832. [PMID: 35975700 PMCID: PMC9826421 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodules are symbiotic structures formed as a result of the interaction with rhizobia. Nodules fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that is assimilated by the plant and this process requires strict metabolic regulation and signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved as signal molecules at all stages of symbiosis, from rhizobial infection to nodule senescence. Also, reactive sulfur species (RSS) are emerging as important signals for an efficient symbiosis. Homeostasis of reactive molecules is mainly accomplished by antioxidant enzymes and metabolites and is essential to allow redox signaling while preventing oxidative damage. Here, we examine the metabolic pathways of reactive molecules and antioxidants with an emphasis on their functions in signaling and protection of symbiosis. In addition to providing an update of recent findings while paying tribute to original studies, we identify several key questions. These include the need of new methodologies to detect and quantify ROS, RNS, and RSS, avoiding potential artifacts due to their short lifetimes and tissue manipulation; the regulation of redox-active proteins by post-translational modification; the production and exchange of reactive molecules in plastids, peroxisomes, nuclei, and bacteroids; and the unknown but expected crosstalk between ROS, RNS, and RSS in nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Minguillón
- Departamento de BiologíaVegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula DeiConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasApartado 1303450080ZaragozaSpain
| | - Manuel A. Matamoros
- Departamento de BiologíaVegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula DeiConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasApartado 1303450080ZaragozaSpain
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de BiologíaVegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula DeiConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasApartado 1303450080ZaragozaSpain
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7
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Taheri P. Crosstalk of nitro-oxidative stress and iron in plant immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:137-149. [PMID: 36075546 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxygen and nitrogen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), occurs throughout various phases of plant growth in association with biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the consequences of environmental stresses is disruption of homeostasis between production and scavenging of ROS and RNS, which leads to nitro-oxidative burst and affects other defense-related mechanisms, such as polyamines levels, phenolics, lignin and callose as defense components related to plant cell wall reinforcement. Although this subject has attracted huge interest, the cross-talk between these signaling molecules and iron, as a main metal element involved in the activity of various enzymes and numerous vital processes in the living cells, remains largely unexplored. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay more in depth attention to the mechanisms of plant resistance against various environmental stimuli for designing novel and effective plant protection strategies. This review is focused on advances in recent knowledge related to the role of ROS, RNS, and association of these signaling molecules with iron in plant immunity. Furthermore, the role of cell wall fortification as a main physical barrier involved in plant defense have been discussed in association with reactive species and iron ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parissa Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Tyagi A, Sharma S, Ali S, Gaikwad K. Crosstalk between H 2 S and NO: an emerging signalling pathway during waterlogging stress in legume crops. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:576-586. [PMID: 34693601 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In legumes, waterlogging is a major detrimental factor leading to huge yield losses. Generally, legumes lack tolerance to submergence, and conventional breeding to develop tolerant varieties are limited due to the lack of tolerant germplasm and potential target genes. Moreover, our understanding of the various signalling cascades, their interactions and key pathways induced during waterlogging is limited. Here, we focus on the role of two important plant signalling molecules, viz. hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO), during waterlogging stress in legumes. Plants and soil microbes produce these signalling molecules both endogenously and exogenously under various stresses, including waterlogging. NO and H2 S are known to regulate key physiological pathways, such as stomatal closure, leaf senescence and regulation of numerous stress signalling pathways, while NO plays a pivotal role in adventitious root formation during waterlogging. The crosstalk between H2 S and NO is synergistic because of the resemblance of their physiological effects and proteomic functions, which mainly operate through cysteine-dependent post-translational modifications via S-nitrosation and persulfidation. Such knowledge has provided novel platforms for researchers to unravel the complexity associated with H2 S-NO signalling and interactions with plant stress hormones. This review provides an overall summary on H2 S and NO, including biosynthesis, biological importance, crosstalk, transporter regulation as well as understanding their role during waterlogging using 'multi-omics' approach. Understanding H2 S and NO signalling will help in deciphering the metabolic interactions and identifying key regulatory genes that could be used for developing waterlogging tolerance in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tyagi
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - K Gaikwad
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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9
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Fukudome M, Shimokawa Y, Hashimoto S, Maesako Y, Uchi-Fukudome N, Niihara K, Osuki KI, Uchiumi T. Nitric Oxide Detoxification by Mesorhizobium loti Affects Root Nodule Symbiosis with Lotus japonicus. Microbes Environ 2021; 36. [PMID: 34470944 PMCID: PMC8446750 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me21038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Root nodule symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia involves nitric oxide (NO) regulation by both the host plant and symbiotic rhizobia. However, the mechanisms by which the rhizobial control of NO affects root nodule symbiosis in Lotus japonicus are unknown. Therefore, we herein investigated the effects of enhanced NO removal by Mesorhizobium loti on symbiosis with L. japonicus. The hmp gene, which in Sinorhizobium meliloti encodes a flavohemoglobin involved in NO detoxification, was introduced into M. loti to generate a transconjugant with enhanced NO removal. The symbiotic phenotype of the transconjugant with L. japonicus was examined. The transconjugant showed delayed infection and higher nitrogenase activity in mature nodules than the wild type, whereas nodule senescence was normal. This result is in contrast to previous findings showing that enhanced NO removal in L. japonicus by class 1 phytoglobin affected nodule senescence. To evaluate differences in NO detoxification between M. loti and L. japonicus, NO localization in nodules was investigated. The enhanced expression of class 1phytoglobin in L. japonicus reduced the amount of NO not only in infected cells, but also in vascular bundles, whereas that of hmp in M. loti reduced the amount of NO in infected cells only. This difference suggests that NO detoxification by M. loti exerts different effects in symbiosis than that by L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Fukudome
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University.,Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology
| | - Yuta Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
| | - Shun Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
| | - Yusuke Maesako
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
| | - Nahoko Uchi-Fukudome
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Kota Niihara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
| | - Ken-Ichi Osuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
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10
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Matamoros MA, Becana M. Molecular responses of legumes to abiotic stress: post-translational modifications of proteins and redox signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5876-5892. [PMID: 33453107 PMCID: PMC8355754 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Legumes include several major crops that can fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiotic root nodules, thus reducing the demand for nitrogen fertilizers and contributing to sustainable agriculture. Global change models predict increases in temperature and extreme weather conditions. This scenario might increase plant exposure to abiotic stresses and negatively affect crop production. Regulation of whole plant physiology and nitrogen fixation in legumes during abiotic stress is complex, and only a few mechanisms have been elucidated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS) are key players in the acclimation and stress tolerance mechanisms of plants. However, the specific redox-dependent signaling pathways are far from understood. One mechanism by which ROS, RNS, and RSS fulfil their signaling role is the post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. Redox-based PTMs occur in the cysteine thiol group (oxidation, S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation, persulfidation), and also in methionine (oxidation), tyrosine (nitration), and lysine and arginine (carbonylation/glycation) residues. Unraveling PTM patterns under different types of stress and establishing the functional implications may give insight into the underlying mechanisms by which the plant and nodule respond to adverse conditions. Here, we review current knowledge on redox-based PTMs and their possible consequences in legume and nodule biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Matamoros
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Araragi M, Ikeura A, Uchiumi T. Expression of soybean plant hemoglobin gene family under abiotic stresses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:23-30. [PMID: 34177321 PMCID: PMC8215466 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many abiotic stresses induce the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in plant tissues, where it functions as a signal molecule in stress responses. Plants modulate NO by oxidizing it to NO3 - with plant hemoglobin (GLB), because excess NO is toxic to cells. At least eight genes encoding GLB have been identified in soybean, in three clades: GLB1, GLB2, and GLB3. However, it is still unclear which GLB genes are responsible for NO regulation under abiotic stress in soybean. We exposed soybean roots to flooding, salt, and two NO donors-sodium pentacyanonitrosylferrate (III) dihydrate (SNP) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine (SNAP)-and analyzed expression of GLB genes. GmGLB1, one of two GLB1 genes of soybean, significantly responded to both SNP and SNAP, and its induction was almost completely repressed by a NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. GmGLB1 responded to flooding but not to salt, suggesting that it is responsible for NO regulation under NO-inducing abiotic stresses such as flooding. GmGLB3, one of two GLB3 genes of soybean, did not respond to NO donors at all but did respond to flooding, at a lower level than GmGLB1. These results suggest that flooding induces not only NO but also unknown factor(s) that induce GmGLB3 gene in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Araragi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Airi Ikeura
- Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-99-285-8164 Fax: +81-99-285-8163
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12
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Pande A, Mun BG, Lee DS, Khan M, Lee GM, Hussain A, Yun BW. NO Network for Plant-Microbe Communication Underground: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:658679. [PMID: 33815456 PMCID: PMC8010196 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.658679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms governing plant-microbe interaction in the rhizosphere attracted a lot of investigative attention in the last decade. The rhizosphere is not simply a source of nutrients and support for the plants; it is rather an ecosystem teeming with diverse flora and fauna including different groups of microbes that are useful as well as harmful for the plants. Plant-microbe interaction occurs via a highly complex communication network that involves sophisticated machinery for the recognition of friend and foe at both sides. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) is a key, signaling molecule involved in plant development and defense. Studies on legume-rhizobia symbiosis suggest the involvement of NO during recognition, root hair curling, development of infection threads, nodule development, and nodule senescence. A similar role of NO is also suggested in the case of plant interaction with the mycorrhizal fungi. Another, insight into the plant-microbe interaction in the rhizosphere comes from the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)/microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by the host plant and thereby NO-mediated activation of the defense signaling cascade. Thus, NO plays a major role in mediating the communication between plants and microbes in the rhizosphere. Interestingly, reports suggesting the role of silicon in increasing the number of nodules, enhancing nitrogen fixation, and also the combined effect of silicon and NO may indicate a possibility of their interaction in mediating microbial communication underground. However, the exact role of NO in mediating plant-microbe interaction remains elusive. Therefore, understanding the role of NO in underground plant physiology is very important, especially in relation to the plant's interaction with the rhizospheric microbiome. This will help devise new strategies for protection against phytopathogens and enhancing plant productivity by promoting symbiotic interaction. This review focuses on the role of NO in plant-microbe communication underground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pande
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Murtaza Khan
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Geun-Mo Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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13
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Valkov VT, Sol S, Rogato A, Chiurazzi M. The functional characterization of LjNRT2.4 indicates a novel, positive role of nitrate for an efficient nodule N 2 -fixation activity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:682-696. [PMID: 32542646 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) -fixing nodules are formed on the roots of legume plants as result of the symbiotic interaction with rhizobia. Nodule functioning requires high amounts of carbon and energy, and therefore legumes have developed finely tuned mechanisms to cope with changing external environmental conditions, including nutrient availability and flooding. The investigation of the role of nitrate as regulator of the symbiotic N2 fixation has been limited to the inhibitory effects exerted by high external concentrations on nodule formation, development and functioning. We describe a nitrate-dependent route acting at low external concentrations that become crucial in hydroponic conditions to ensure an efficient nodule functionality. Combined genetic, biochemical and molecular studies are used to unravel the novel function of the LjNRT2.4 gene. Two independent null mutants are affected by the nitrate content of nodules, consistent with LjNRT2.4 temporal and spatial profiles of expression. The reduced nodular nitrate content is associated to a strong reduction of nitrogenase activity and a severe N-starvation phenotype observed under hydroponic conditions. We also report the effects of the mutations on the nodular nitric oxide (NO) production and content. We discuss the involvement of LjNRT2.4 in a nitrate-NO respiratory chain taking place in the N2 -fixing nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Stefano Sol
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
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14
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Ma M, Wendehenne D, Philippot L, Hänsch R, Flemetakis E, Hu B, Rennenberg H. Physiological significance of pedospheric nitric oxide for root growth, development and organismic interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2336-2354. [PMID: 32681574 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is essential for plant growth and development, as well as interactions with abiotic and biotic environments. Its importance for multiple functions in plants means that tight regulation of NO concentrations is required. This is of particular significance in roots, where NO signalling is involved in processes, such as root growth, lateral root formation, nutrient acquisition, heavy metal homeostasis, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and root-mycorrhizal fungi interactions. The NO signal can also be produced in high levels by microbial processes in the rhizosphere, further impacting root processes. To explore these interesting interactions, in the present review, we firstly summarize current knowledge of physiological processes of NO production and consumption in roots and, thereafter, of processes involved in NO homeostasis in root cells with particular emphasis on root growth, development, nutrient acquisition, environmental stresses and organismic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - David Wendehenne
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Larrainzar E, Villar I, Rubio MC, Pérez-Rontomé C, Huertas R, Sato S, Mun JH, Becana M. Hemoglobins in the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:472-484. [PMID: 32442331 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodules have two types of hemoglobins: symbiotic or leghemoglobins (Lbs) and nonsymbiotic or phytoglobins (Glbs). The latter are categorized into three phylogenetic classes differing in heme coordination and O2 affinity. This review is focused on the roles of Lbs and Glbs in the symbiosis of rhizobia with crop legumes and the model legumes for indeterminate (Medicago truncatula) and determinate (Lotus japonicus) nodulation. Only two hemoglobin functions are well established in nodules: Lbs deliver O2 to the bacteroids and act as O2 buffers, preventing nitrogenase inactivation; and Glb1-1 modulates nitric oxide concentration during symbiosis, from the early stage, avoiding the plant's defense response, to nodule senescence. Here, we critically examine early and recent results, update and correct the information on Lbs and Glbs with the latest genome versions, provide novel expression data and identify targets for future research. Crucial unresolved questions include the expression of multiple Lbs in nodules, their presence in the nuclei and in uninfected nodule cells, and, intriguingly, their expression in nonsymbiotic tissues. RNA-sequencing data analysis shows that Lbs are expressed as early as a few hours after inoculation and that their mRNAs are also detectable in roots and pods, which clearly suggests that these heme proteins play additional roles unrelated to nitrogen fixation. Likewise, issues awaiting investigation are the functions of other Glbs in nodules, the spatiotemporal expression profiles of Lbs and Glbs at the mRNA and protein levels, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation during nodule development and in response to stress and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Larrainzar
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Villar
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rontomé
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raul Huertas
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Shusei Sato
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jeong-Hwan Mun
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Korea
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
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16
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Lindström K, Mousavi SA. Effectiveness of nitrogen fixation in rhizobia. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1314-1335. [PMID: 31797528 PMCID: PMC7415380 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation in rhizobia occurs primarily in root or stem nodules and is induced by the bacteria present in legume plants. This symbiotic process has fascinated researchers for over a century, and the positive effects of legumes on soils and their food and feed value have been recognized for thousands of years. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation uses solar energy to reduce the inert N2 gas to ammonia at normal temperature and pressure, and is thus today, especially, important for sustainable food production. Increased productivity through improved effectiveness of the process is seen as a major research and development goal. The interaction between rhizobia and their legume hosts has thus been dissected at agronomic, plant physiological, microbiological and molecular levels to produce ample information about processes involved, but identification of major bottlenecks regarding efficiency of nitrogen fixation has proven to be complex. We review processes and results that contributed to the current understanding of this fascinating system, with focus on effectiveness of nitrogen fixation in rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lindström
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS)University of HelsinkiFI‐00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Seyed Abdollah Mousavi
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS)University of HelsinkiFI‐00014HelsinkiFinland
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17
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Becana M, Yruela I, Sarath G, Catalán P, Hargrove MS. Plant hemoglobins: a journey from unicellular green algae to vascular plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1618-1635. [PMID: 31960995 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Globins (Glbs) are widely distributed in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. They can be classified into proteins with 2/2 or 3/3 α-helical folding around the heme cavity. Both types of Glbs occur in green algae, bryophytes and vascular plants. The Glbs of angiosperms have been more intensively studied, and several protein structures have been solved. They can be hexacoordinate or pentacoordinate, depending on whether a histidine is coordinating or not at the sixth position of the iron atom. The 3/3 Glbs of class 1 and the 2/2 Glbs (also called class 3 in plants) are present in all angiosperms, whereas the 3/3 Glbs of class 2 have been only found in early angiosperms and eudicots. The three Glb classes are expected to play different roles. Class 1 Glbs are involved in hypoxia responses and modulate NO concentration, which may explain their roles in plant morphogenesis, hormone signaling, cell fate determination, nutrient deficiency, nitrogen metabolism and plant-microorganism symbioses. Symbiotic Glbs derive from class 1 or class 2 Glbs and transport O2 in nodules. The physiological roles of class 2 and class 3 Glbs are poorly defined but could involve O2 and NO transport and/or metabolism, respectively. More research is warranted on these intriguing proteins to determine their non-redundant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Yruela
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
- Group of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology (BIFI-Unizar) Joint Unit to CSIC, Edificio I+D Campus Río Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, East Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 86583, USA
| | - Pilar Catalán
- Group of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology (BIFI-Unizar) Joint Unit to CSIC, Edificio I+D Campus Río Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, 22071, Huesca, Spain
| | - Mark S Hargrove
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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18
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Berger N, Vignols F, Przybyla-Toscano J, Roland M, Rofidal V, Touraine B, Zienkiewicz K, Couturier J, Feussner I, Santoni V, Rouhier N, Gaymard F, Dubos C. Identification of client iron-sulfur proteins of the chloroplastic NFU2 transfer protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 72:873-884. [PMID: 32240305 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins have critical functions in plastids, notably participating in photosynthetic electron transfer, sulfur and nitrogen assimilation, chlorophyll metabolism, and vitamin or amino acid biosynthesis. Their maturation relies on the so-called SUF (sulfur mobilization) assembly machinery. Fe-S clusters are synthesized de novo on a scaffold protein complex and then delivered to client proteins via several transfer proteins. However, the maturation pathways of most client proteins and their specificities for transfer proteins are mostly unknown. In order to decipher the proteins interacting with the Fe-S cluster transfer protein NFU2, one of the three plastidial representatives found in Arabidopsis thaliana, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of shoots, roots, and seedlings of nfu2 plants, combined with NFU2 co-immunoprecipitation and binary yeast two-hybrid experiments. We identified 14 new targets, among which nine were validated in planta using a binary bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. These analyses also revealed a possible role for NFU2 in the plant response to desiccation. Altogether, this study better delineates the maturation pathways of many chloroplast Fe-S proteins, considerably extending the number of NFU2 clients. It also helps to clarify the respective roles of the three NFU paralogs NFU1, NFU2, and NFU3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Berger
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Vignols
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Valérie Rofidal
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Touraine
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Service unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Véronique Santoni
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Frédéric Gaymard
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Dubos
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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19
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Berger A, Guinand S, Boscari A, Puppo A, Brouquisse R. Medicago truncatula Phytoglobin 1.1 controls symbiotic nodulation and nitrogen fixation via the regulation of nitric oxide concentration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:84-98. [PMID: 32003030 PMCID: PMC7317445 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In legumes, phytoglobins (Phytogbs) are known to regulate nitric oxide (NO) during early phase of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis and to buffer oxygen in functioning nodules. However, their expression profile and respective role in NO control at each stage of the symbiosis remain little-known. We first surveyed the Phytogb genes occurring in Medicago truncatula genome. We analyzed their expression pattern and NO production from inoculation with Sinorhizobium meliloti up to 8 wk post-inoculation. Finally, using overexpression and silencing strategy, we addressed the role of the Phytogb1.1-NO couple in the symbiosis. Three peaks of Phytogb expression and NO production were detected during the symbiotic process. NO upregulates Phytogbs1 expression and downregulates Lbs and Phytogbs3 ones. Phytogb1.1 silencing and overexpression experiments reveal that Phytogb1.1-NO couple controls the progression of the symbiosis: high NO concentration promotes defense responses and nodular organogenesis, whereas low NO promotes the infection process and nodular development. Both NO excess and deficiency provoke a 30% inhibition of nodule establishment. In mature nodules, Phytogb1.1 regulates NO to limit its toxic effects while allowing the functioning of Phytogb-NO respiration to maintain the energetic state. This work highlights the regulatory role played by Phytogb1.1-NO couple in the successive stages of symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Berger
- Institut Sophia AgrobiotechUMR INRAE 1355CNRS 7254Université Côte d'Azur400 route des Chappes, BP 16706903Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Sophie Guinand
- Institut Sophia AgrobiotechUMR INRAE 1355CNRS 7254Université Côte d'Azur400 route des Chappes, BP 16706903Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- Institut Sophia AgrobiotechUMR INRAE 1355CNRS 7254Université Côte d'Azur400 route des Chappes, BP 16706903Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Alain Puppo
- Institut Sophia AgrobiotechUMR INRAE 1355CNRS 7254Université Côte d'Azur400 route des Chappes, BP 16706903Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Institut Sophia AgrobiotechUMR INRAE 1355CNRS 7254Université Côte d'Azur400 route des Chappes, BP 16706903Sophia AntipolisFrance
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20
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Signorelli S, Sainz M, Tabares-da Rosa S, Monza J. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Nitrogen Fixation by Legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:521. [PMID: 32582223 PMCID: PMC7286274 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The legume-rhizobia symbiosis is an important process in agriculture because it allows the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) which contributes to increasing the levels of nitrogen in the soil. Nitric oxide (⋅NO) is a small free radical molecule having diverse signaling roles in plants. Here we present and discuss evidence showing the role of ⋅NO during different stages of the legume-rhizobia interaction such as recognition, infection, nodule development, and nodule senescence. Although the mechanisms by which ⋅NO modulates this interaction are not fully understood, we discuss potential mechanisms including its interaction with cytokinin, auxin, and abscisic acid signaling pathways. In matures nodules, a more active metabolism of ⋅NO has been reported and both the plant and rhizobia participate in ⋅NO production and scavenging. Although ⋅NO has been shown to induce the expression of genes coding for NITROGENASE, controlling the levels of ⋅NO in mature nodules seems to be crucial as ⋅NO was shown to be a potent inhibitor of NITROGENASE activity, to induce nodule senescence, and reduce nitrogen assimilation. In this sense, LEGHEMOGLOBINS (Lbs) were shown to play an important role in the scavenging of ⋅NO and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), potentially more relevant in senescent nodules. Even though ⋅NO can reduce NITROGENASE activity, most reports have linked ⋅NO to positive effects on BNF. This can relate mainly to the regulation of the spatiotemporal distribution of ⋅NO which favors some effects over others. Another plausible explanation for this observation is that the negative effect of ⋅NO requires its direct interaction with NITROGENASE, whereas the positive effect of ⋅NO is related to its signaling function, which results in an amplifier effect. In the near future, it would be interesting to explore the role of environmental stress-induced ⋅NO in BNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Martha Sainz
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Tabares-da Rosa
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Monza
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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21
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Fukudome M, Shimada H, Uchi N, Osuki KI, Ishizaki H, Murakami EI, Kawaguchi M, Uchiumi T. Reactive Sulfur Species Interact with Other Signal Molecules in Root Nodule Symbiosis in Lotus japonicus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020145. [PMID: 32046218 PMCID: PMC7070391 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) function as strong antioxidants and are involved in various biological responses in animals and bacteria. Few studies; however, have examined RSS in plants. In the present study, we clarified that RSS are involved in root nodule symbiosis in the model legume Lotus japonicus. Polysulfides, a type of RSS, were detected in the roots by using a sulfane sulfur-specific fluorescent probe, SSP4. Supplying the sulfane sulfur donor Na2S3 to the roots increased the amounts of both polysulfides and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the roots and simultaneously decreased the amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). RSS were also detected in infection threads in the root hairs and in infected cells of nodules. Supplying the sulfane sulfur donor significantly increased the numbers of infection threads and nodules. When nodules were immersed in the sulfane sulfur donor, their nitrogenase activity was significantly reduced, without significant changes in the amounts of NO, ROS, and H2S. These results suggest that polysulfides interact with signal molecules such as NO, ROS, and H2S in root nodule symbiosis in L. japonicus. SSP4 and Na2S3 are useful tools for study of RSS in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Fukudome
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.F.); (N.U.); (K.-i.O.)
| | - Hazuki Shimada
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Nahoko Uchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.F.); (N.U.); (K.-i.O.)
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Osuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.F.); (N.U.); (K.-i.O.)
| | - Haruka Ishizaki
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Ei-ichi Murakami
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; (E.-i.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; (E.-i.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.F.); (N.U.); (K.-i.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-285-8164
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22
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Syska C, Brouquisse R, Alloing G, Pauly N, Frendo P, Bosseno M, Dupont L, Boscari A. Molecular Weapons Contribute to Intracellular Rhizobia Accommodation Within Legume Host Cell. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1496. [PMID: 31850013 PMCID: PMC6902015 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between legumes and bacteria of rhizobia type results in a beneficial symbiotic relationship characterized by the formation of new root organs, called nodules. Within these nodules the bacteria, released in plant cells, differentiate into bacteroids and fix atmospheric nitrogen through the nitrogenase activity. This mutualistic interaction has evolved sophisticated signaling networks to allow rhizobia entry, colonization, bacteroid differentiation and persistence in nodules. Nodule cysteine rich (NCR) peptides, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules produced by the host plants or bacterial microsymbionts have a major role in the control of the symbiotic interaction. These molecules described as weapons in pathogenic interactions have evolved to participate to the intracellular bacteroid accommodation by escaping control of plant innate immunity and adapt the functioning of the nitrogen-fixation to environmental signalling cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Syska
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Pauly
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre Frendo
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marc Bosseno
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Laurence Dupont
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
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23
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Berger A, Boscari A, Frendo P, Brouquisse R. Nitric oxide signaling, metabolism and toxicity in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4505-4520. [PMID: 30968126 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between legumes and rhizobia lead to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship characterized by the formation of a new organ, the nodule, which facilitates the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) by nitrogenase through the creation of a hypoxic environment. Significant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) accumulate at different stages of nodule development, suggesting that NO performs specific signaling and/or metabolic functions during symbiosis. NO, which regulates nodule gene expression, accumulates to high levels in hypoxic nodules. NO accumulation is considered to assist energy metabolism within the hypoxic environment of the nodule via a phytoglobin-NO-mediated respiration process. NO is a potent inhibitor of the activity of nitrogenase and other plant and bacterial enzymes, acting as a developmental signal in the induction of nodule senescence. Hence, key questions concern the relative importance of the signaling and metabolic functions of NO versus its toxic action and how NO levels are regulated to be compatible with nitrogen fixation functions. This review analyses these paradoxical roles of NO at various stages of symbiosis, and highlights the role of plant phytoglobins and bacterial hemoproteins in the control of NO accumulation.
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24
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Terrón-Camero LC, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Del-Val C, Sandalio LM, Romero-Puertas MC. Role of nitric oxide in plant responses to heavy metal stress: exogenous application versus endogenous production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4477-4488. [PMID: 31125416 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities, such as industrial processes, mining, and agriculture, lead to an increase in heavy metal concentrations in soil, water, and air. Given their stability in the environment, heavy metals are difficult to eliminate and can constitute a human health risk by entering the food chain through uptake by crop plants. An excess of heavy metals is toxic for plants, which have various mechanisms to prevent their accumulation. However, once metals enter the plant, oxidative damage sometimes occurs, which can lead to plant death. Initial production of nitric oxide (NO), which may play a role in plant perception, signalling, and stress acclimation, has been shown to protect against heavy metals. Very little is known about NO-dependent mechanisms downstream from signalling pathways in plant responses to heavy metal stress. In this review, using bioinformatic techniques, we analyse studies of the involvement of NO in plant responses to heavy metal stress, its possible role as a cytoprotective molecule, and its relationship with reactive oxygen species. Some conclusions are drawn and future research perspectives are outlined to further elucidate the signalling mechanisms underlying the role of NO in plant responses to heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Granada, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Granada, Spain
| | - Coral Del-Val
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Data Science and Computational Intelligence Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Granada, Spain
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25
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Bruand C, Meilhoc E. Nitric oxide in plants: pro- or anti-senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4419-4427. [PMID: 30868162 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a regulated process of tissue degeneration that can affect any plant organ and consists of the degradation and remobilization of molecules to other growing tissues. Senescent organs display changes at the microscopic level as well as modifications to internal cellular structure and differential gene expression. A large number of factors influencing senescence have been described including age, nutrient supply, and environmental interactions. Internal factors such as phytohormones also affect the timing of leaf senescence. A link between the senescence process and the production of nitric oxide (NO) in senescing tissues has been known for many years. Remarkably, this link can be either a positive or a negative correlation depending upon the organ. NO can be both a signaling or a toxic molecule and is known to have multiple roles in plants; this review considers the duality of NO roles in the senescence process of two different plant organs, namely the leaves and root nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Bruand
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, INSA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Eliane Meilhoc
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, INSA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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26
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Martínez-Medina A, Pescador L, Fernández I, Rodríguez-Serrano M, García JM, Romero-Puertas MC, Pozo MJ. Nitric oxide and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory elements in the Solanum lycopersicum-Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1560-1574. [PMID: 31066909 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and phytoglobins in plant response to pathogenic and mutualistic microbes has been evidenced. However, little is known about their function in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. We investigated whether NO and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory components in the AM symbiosis. Rhizophagus irregularis in vitro-grown cultures and tomato plants were used to monitor AM-associated NO-related root responses as compared to responses triggered by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. A genetic approach was conducted to understand the role of PHYTOGB1 on NO signaling during both interactions. After a common early peak in NO levels in response to both fungi, a specific NO accumulation pattern was triggered in tomato roots during the onset of the AM interaction. PHYTOGB1 was upregulated by the AM interaction. By contrast, the pathogen triggered a continuous NO accumulation and a strong downregulation of PHYTOGB1. Manipulation of PHYTOGB1 levels in overexpressing and silenced roots led to a deregulation of NO levels and altered mycorrhization and pathogen infection. We demonstrate that the onset of the AM symbiosis is associated with a specific NO-related signature in the host root. We propose that NO regulation by PHYTOGB1 is a regulatory component of the AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Leyre Pescador
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Iván Fernández
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Serrano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Juan M García
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
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27
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Fukudome M, Watanabe E, Osuki KI, Uchi N, Uchiumi T. Ectopic or Over-Expression of Class 1 Phytoglobin Genes Confers Flooding Tolerance to the Root Nodules of Lotus japonicus by Scavenging Nitric Oxide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070206. [PMID: 31277471 PMCID: PMC6681080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flooding limits biomass production in agriculture. Leguminous plants, important agricultural crops, use atmospheric dinitrogen gas as nitrogen nutrition by symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia, but this root-nodule symbiosis is sometimes broken down by flooding of the root system. In this study, we analyzed the effect of flooding on the symbiotic system of transgenic Lotus japonicus lines which overexpressed class 1 phytoglobin (Glb1) of L. japonicus (LjGlb1-1) or ectopically expressed that of Alnus firma (AfGlb1). In the roots of wild-type plants, flooding increased nitric oxide (NO) level and expression of senescence-related genes and decreased nitrogenase activity; in the roots of transgenic lines, these effects were absent or less pronounced. The decrease of chlorophyll content in leaves and the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in roots and leaves caused by flooding were also suppressed in these lines. These results suggest that increased levels of Glb1 help maintain nodule symbiosis under flooding by scavenging NO and controlling ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Fukudome
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Eri Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Osuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Nahoko Uchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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28
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Pucciariello C, Boscari A, Tagliani A, Brouquisse R, Perata P. Exploring Legume-Rhizobia Symbiotic Models for Waterlogging Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:578. [PMID: 31156662 PMCID: PMC6530402 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected and increasingly frequent extreme precipitation events result in soil flooding or waterlogging. Legumes have the capacity to establish a symbiotic relationship with endosymbiotic atmospheric dinitrogen-fixing rhizobia, thus contributing to natural nitrogen soil enrichment and reducing the need for chemical fertilization. The impact of waterlogging on nitrogen fixation and legume productivity needs to be considered for crop improvement. This review focuses on the legumes-rhizobia symbiotic models. We aim to summarize the mechanisms underlying symbiosis establishment, nodule development and functioning under waterlogging. The mechanisms of oxygen sensing of the host plant and symbiotic partner are considered in view of recent scientific advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pucciariello
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Andrea Tagliani
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
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29
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Fukudome M, Watanabe E, Osuki KI, Imaizumi R, Aoki T, Becana M, Uchiumi T. Stably Transformed Lotus japonicus Plants Overexpressing Phytoglobin LjGlb1-1 Show Decreased Nitric Oxide Levels in Roots and Nodules as Well as Delayed Nodule Senescence. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:816-825. [PMID: 30597068 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The class 1 phytoglobin, LjGlb1-1, is expressed in various tissues of the model legume Lotus japonicus, where it may play multiple functions by interacting with nitric oxide (NO). One of such functions is the onset of a proper symbiosis with Mesorhizobium loti resulting in the formation of actively N2-fixing nodules. Stable overexpression lines (Ox1 and Ox2) of LjGlb1-1 were generated and phenotyped. Both Ox lines showed reduced NO levels in roots and enhanced nitrogenase activity in mature and senescent nodules relative to the wild-type (WT). Physiological and cytological observations indicated that overexpression of LjGlb1-1 delayed nodule senescence. The application to WT nodules of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine (SNAP) or the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) repressed nitrogenase activity, induced the expression of three senescence-associated genes and caused cytological changes evidencing nodule senescence. These effects were almost completely reverted by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. Our results reveal that overexpression of LjGlb1-1 improves the activity of mature nodules and delays nodule senescence in the L.japonicus-M.loti symbiosis. These beneficial effects are probably mediated by the participation of LjGlb1-1 in controlling the concentration of NO that may be produced downstream in the phytohormone signaling pathway in nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Fukudome
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Eri Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Osuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryujiro Imaizumi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Aoki
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrici�n Vegetal, Estaci�n Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient�ficas, Apartado 13034, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
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30
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Calvo-Begueria L, Rubio MC, Martínez JI, Pérez-Rontomé C, Delgado MJ, Bedmar EJ, Becana M. Redefining nitric oxide production in legume nodules through complementary insights from electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and specific fluorescent probes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3703-3714. [PMID: 29701804 PMCID: PMC6022593 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule with multiple functions in plants. Given its critical importance and reactivity as a gaseous free radical, we have examined NO production in legume nodules using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and the specific fluorescent dye 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate. Also, in this context, we critically assess previous and current views of NO production and detection in nodules. EPR of intact nodules revealed that nitrosyl-leghemoglobin (Lb2+NO) was absent from bean or soybean nodules regardless of nitrate supply, but accumulated in soybean nodules treated with nitrate that were defective in nitrite or nitric oxide reductases or that were exposed to ambient temperature. Consequently, bacteroids are a major source of NO, denitrification enzymes are required for NO homeostasis, and Lb2+NO is not responsible for the inhibition of nitrogen fixation by nitrate. Further, we noted that Lb2+NO is artifactually generated in nodule extracts or in intact nodules not analyzed immediately after detachment. The fluorescent probe detected NO formation in bean and soybean nodule infected cells and in soybean nodule parenchyma. The NO signal was slightly decreased by inhibitors of nitrate reductase but not by those of nitric oxide synthase, which could indicate a minor contribution of plant nitrate reductase and supports the existence of nitrate- and arginine-independent pathways for NO production. Together, our data indicate that EPR and fluorometric methods are complementary to draw reliable conclusions about NO production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calvo-Begueria
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria C Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús I Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rontomé
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria J Delgado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - Eulogio J Bedmar
- Departamento de Microbiología y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado, Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
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31
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Berger A, Brouquisse R, Pathak PK, Hichri I, Singh I, Bhatia S, Boscari A, Igamberdiev AU, Gupta KJ. Pathways of nitric oxide metabolism and operation of phytoglobins in legume nodules: missing links and future directions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018. [PMID: 29351361 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between legumes and rhizobia leads to the establishment of a beneficial symbiotic relationship. Recent advances in legume - rhizobium symbiosis revealed that various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including nitric oxide (NO) play important roles during this process. Nodule development occurs with a transition from a normoxic environment during the establishment of symbiosis to a microoxic environment in functional nodules. Such oxygen dynamics are required for activation and repression of various NO production and scavenging pathways. Both the plant and bacterial partners participate in the synthesis and degradation of NO. However, the pathways of NO production and degradation as well as their cross-talk and involvement in the metabolism are still a matter of debate. The plant-originated reductive pathways are known to contribute to the NO production in nodules under hypoxic conditions. Non-symbiotic hemoglobin (phytoglobin) (Pgb) possesses high NO oxygenation capacity, buffers and scavenges NO. Its operation, through a respiratory cycle called Pgb-NO cycle, leads to the maintenance of redox and energy balance in nodules. The role of Pgb/NO cycle under fluctuating NO production from soil needs further investigation for complete understanding of NO regulatory mechanism governing nodule development to attain optimal food security under changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Berger
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Imène Hichri
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sabhyata Bhatia
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B3X9, Canada
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32
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Nitric Oxide as a Signaling Molecule in Plant-Bacterial Interactions. PLANT MICROBIOME: STRESS RESPONSE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5514-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Calvo-Begueria L, Cuypers B, Van Doorslaer S, Abbruzzetti S, Bruno S, Berghmans H, Dewilde S, Ramos J, Viappiani C, Becana M. Characterization of the Heme Pocket Structure and Ligand Binding Kinetics of Non-symbiotic Hemoglobins from the Model Legume Lotus japonicus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:407. [PMID: 28421084 PMCID: PMC5378813 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant hemoglobins (Hbs) are found in nodules of legumes and actinorhizal plants but also in non-symbiotic organs of monocots and dicots. Non-symbiotic Hbs (nsHbs) have been classified into two phylogenetic groups. Class 1 nsHbs show an extremely high O2 affinity and are induced by hypoxia and nitric oxide (NO), whereas class 2 nsHbs have moderate O2 affinity and are induced by cold and cytokinins. The functions of nsHbs are still unclear, but some of them rely on the capacity of hemes to bind diatomic ligands and catalyze the NO dioxygenase (NOD) reaction (oxyferrous Hb + NO → ferric Hb + nitrate). Moreover, NO may nitrosylate Cys residues of proteins. It is therefore important to determine the ligand binding properties of the hemes and the role of Cys residues. Here, we have addressed these issues with the two class 1 nsHbs (LjGlb1-1 and LjGlb1-2) and the single class 2 nsHb (LjGlb2) of Lotus japonicus, which is a model legume used to facilitate the transfer of genetic and biochemical information into crops. We have employed carbon monoxide (CO) as a model ligand and resonance Raman, laser flash photolysis, and stopped-flow spectroscopies to unveil major differences in the heme environments and ligand binding kinetics of the three proteins, which suggest non-redundant functions. In the deoxyferrous state, LjGlb1-1 is partially hexacoordinate, whereas LjGlb1-2 shows complete hexacoordination (behaving like class 2 nsHbs) and LjGlb2 is mostly pentacoordinate (unlike other class 2 nsHbs). LjGlb1-1 binds CO very strongly by stabilizing it through hydrogen bonding, but LjGlb1-2 and LjGlb2 show lower CO stabilization. The changes in CO stabilization would explain the different affinities of the three proteins for gaseous ligands. These affinities are determined by the dissociation rates and follow the order LjGlb1-1 > LjGlb1-2 > LjGlb2. Mutations LjGlb1-1 C78S and LjGlb1-2 C79S caused important alterations in protein dynamics and stability, indicating a structural role of those Cys residues, whereas mutation LjGlb1-1 C8S had a smaller effect. The three proteins and their mutant derivatives exhibited similarly high rates of NO consumption, which were due to NOD activity of the hemes and not to nitrosylation of Cys residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calvo-Begueria
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasZaragoza, Spain
| | - Bert Cuypers
- Department of Physics, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di ParmaParma, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Herald Berghmans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Javier Ramos
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasZaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasZaragoza, Spain
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Mukhi N, Kundu S, Kaur J. NO dioxygenase- and peroxidase-like activity of Arabidopsis phytoglobin 3 and its role in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum defense. Nitric Oxide 2017; 68:150-162. [PMID: 28315469 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytoglobin 3 appears to be ubiquitous in plants, yet there has been dearth of evidence for their potent physiological functions. Previous crystallographic studies suggest a potential NO dioxygenase like activity of Arabidopsis phytoglobin 3 (AHb3). The present work examined the in vivo function of AHb3 in plant physiology and its role in biotic stress using Arabidopsis- Sclerotinia sclerotorium pathosystem. The gene was found to be ubiquitously expressed in all plant tissues, with moderately increased expression in roots. Its expression was induced upon NO, H2O2 and biotic stress. A C-terminal tagged GFP version of the wild type protein revealed its enhanced accumulation in the guard cells. AHb3-GFP was found to be partitioned majorly into the nucleus while residual amounts were present in the cytoplasm. The loss of function AHb3 mutant exhibited reduced root length and fresh weight. AHb3 knockout lines also displayed enhanced susceptibility towards the S. sclerotiorum. Interestingly, these lines displayed enhanced ROS accumulation upon pathogen challenge as suggested by DAB staining. Furthermore, enhanced/decreased NO accumulation in AHb3 knockout/overexpression lines upon treatment with multiple NO donors suggests a potent NO dioxygenase like activity for the protein. Taken together, our data indicate that AHb3 play a crucial role in regulating root length as well as in mediating defense response against S. sclerotiorum, possibly by modulating NO and ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Mukhi
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Jagreet Kaur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Kuruthukulangarakoola GT, Zhang J, Albert A, Winkler B, Lang H, Buegger F, Gaupels F, Heller W, Michalke B, Sarioglu H, Schnitzler JP, Hebelstrup KH, Durner J, Lindermayr C. Nitric oxide-fixation by non-symbiotic haemoglobin proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana under N-limited conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:36-50. [PMID: 27245884 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule that is involved in many different physiological processes in plants. Here, we report about a NO-fixing mechanism in Arabidopsis, which allows the fixation of atmospheric NO into nitrogen metabolism. We fumigated Arabidopsis plants cultivated in soil or as hydroponic cultures during the whole growing period with up to 3 ppmv of NO gas. Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses were used to identify non-symbiotic haemoglobin proteins as key components of the NO-fixing process. Overexpressing non-symbiotic haemoglobin 1 or 2 genes resulted in fourfold higher nitrate levels in these plants compared with NO-treated wild-type. Correspondingly, rosettes size and weight, vegetative shoot thickness and seed yield were 25, 40, 30, and 50% higher, respectively, than in wild-type plants. Fumigation with 250 ppbv 15 NO confirmed the importance of non-symbiotic haemoglobin 1 and 2 for the NO-fixation pathway, and we calculated a daily uptake for non-symbiotic haemoglobin 2 overexpressing plants of 250 mg N/kg dry weight. This mechanism is probably important under conditions with limited N supply via the soil. Moreover, the plant-based NO uptake lowers the concentration of insanitary atmospheric NOx, and in this context, NO-fixation can be beneficial to air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiangli Zhang
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Hans Lang
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Franz Buegger
- Institute of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Frank Gaupels
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Werner Heller
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- Research Unit Protein Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | | | - Kim Henrik Hebelstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Fukudome M, Calvo-Begueria L, Kado T, Osuki KI, Rubio MC, Murakami EI, Nagata M, Kucho KI, Sandal N, Stougaard J, Becana M, Uchiumi T. Hemoglobin LjGlb1-1 is involved in nodulation and regulates the level of nitric oxide in the Lotus japonicus-Mesorhizobium loti symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5275-83. [PMID: 27443280 PMCID: PMC5014168 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Leghemoglobins transport and deliver O2 to the symbiosomes inside legume nodules and are essential for nitrogen fixation. However, the roles of other hemoglobins (Hbs) in the rhizobia-legume symbiosis are unclear. Several Lotus japonicus mutants affecting LjGlb1-1, a non-symbiotic class 1 Hb, have been used to study the function of this protein in symbiosis. Two TILLING alleles with single amino acid substitutions (A102V and E127K) and a LORE1 null allele with a retrotransposon insertion in the 5'-untranslated region (96642) were selected for phenotyping nodulation. Plants of all three mutant lines showed a decrease in long infection threads and nodules, and an increase in incipient infection threads. About 4h after inoculation, the roots of mutant plants exhibited a greater transient accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) than did the wild-type roots; nevertheless, in vitro NO dioxygenase activities of the wild-type, A102V, and E127K proteins were similar, suggesting that the mutated proteins are not fully functional in vivo The expression of LjGlb1-1, but not of the other class 1 Hb of L. japonicus (LjGlb1-2), was affected during infection of wild-type roots, further supporting a specific role for LjGlb1-1. In conclusion, the LjGlb1-1 mutants reveal that this protein is required during rhizobial infection and regulates NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Fukudome
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Laura Calvo-Begueria
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomohiro Kado
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Osuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Maria Carmen Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ei-Ichi Murakami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maki Nagata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kucho
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Niels Sandal
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Osuki KI, Hashimoto S, Suzuki A, Araragi M, Takahara A, Kurosawa M, Kucho KI, Higashi S, Abe M, Uchiumi T. Gene expression and localization of a β-1,3-glucanase of Lotus japonicus. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:749-758. [PMID: 26951113 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits root nodule formation of leguminous plants. LjGlu1, a β-1,3-glucanase gene of Lotus japonicus, has been identified as an ABA responsive gene. RNA interference of LjGlu1 increased nodule number. This suggests that LjGlu1 is involved in the regulation of nodule formation. Host legumes control nodule number by autoregulation of nodulation (AON), in which the presence of existing root nodules inhibits further nodulation. For further characterization of LjGlu1, we focused on the expression of LjGlu1 in relation to AON. In a split-root system, LjGlu1 expression peaked when AON was fully induced. Hairy roots transformed with LjCLE-RS1, a gene that induces AON, were generated. Expression of LjGlu1 was greater in the transgenic roots than in untransformed roots. LjGlu1 was not induced in a hypernodulating mutant inoculated with Mesorhizobium loti. These results suggest that the expression of LjGlu1 is involved in the system of AON. However, neither hypernodulation nor enlarged nodulation zone was observed on the transgenic hairy roots carrying LjGlu1-RNAi, suggesting that LjGlu1 is not a key player of AON. Recombinant LjGlu1 showed endo-β-1,3-glucanase activity. LjGlu1-mOrange fusion protein suggested that LjGlu1 associated with M. loti on the root hairs. Exogenous β-1,3-glucanase inhibited infection thread formation by both the wild type and the mutant, and nodule numbers were reduced. These results suggest that LjGlu1 is expressed in response to M. loti infection and functions outside root tissues, resulting in the inhibition of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Osuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shun Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Akihiro Suzuki
- Department of Environmental Science, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Masato Araragi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Akihito Takahara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makiko Kurosawa
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kucho
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shiro Higashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mikiko Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
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Jokipii-Lukkari S, Kastaniotis AJ, Parkash V, Sundström R, Leiva-Eriksson N, Nymalm Y, Blokhina O, Kukkola E, Fagerstedt KV, Salminen TA, Läärä E, Bülow L, Ohlmeier S, Hiltunen JK, Kallio PT, Häggman H. Dual targeted poplar ferredoxin NADP(+) oxidoreductase interacts with hemoglobin 1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 247:138-149. [PMID: 27095407 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have connected non-symbiotic and truncated hemoglobins (Hbs) to metabolism of nitric oxide (NO), an important signalling molecule involved in wood formation. We have studied the capability of poplar (Populus tremula × tremuloides) Hbs PttHb1 and PttTrHb proteins alone or with a flavin-protein reductase to relieve NO cytotoxicity in living cells. Complementation tests in a Hb-deficient, NO-sensitive yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Δyhb1 mutant showed that neither PttHb1 nor PttTrHb alone protected cells against NO. To study the ability of Hbs to interact with a reductase, ferredoxin NADP(+) oxidoreductase PtthFNR was characterized by sequencing and proteomics. To date, by far the greatest number of the known dual-targeted plant proteins are directed to chloroplasts and mitochondria. We discovered a novel variant of hFNR that lacks the plastid presequence and resides in cytosol. The coexpression of PttHb1 and PtthFNR partially restored NO resistance of the yeast Δyhb1 mutant, whereas PttTrHb coexpressed with PtthFNR failed to rescue growth. YFP fusion proteins confirmed the interaction between PttHb1 and PtthFNR in plant cells. The structural modelling results indicate that PttHb1 and PtthFNR are able to interact as NO dioxygenase. This is the first report on dual targeting of central plant enzyme FNR to plastids and cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soile Jokipii-Lukkari
- Genetics and Physiology Department, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Alexander J Kastaniotis
- The Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Vimal Parkash
- The Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Robin Sundström
- The Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Nélida Leiva-Eriksson
- The Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Nymalm
- The Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olga Blokhina
- The Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikki Biocenter 3, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Eija Kukkola
- The Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikki Biocenter 3, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kurt V Fagerstedt
- The Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikki Biocenter 3, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- The Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Läärä
- The Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Leif Bülow
- The Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Steffen Ohlmeier
- The Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Finland
| | - J Kalervo Hiltunen
- The Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Pauli T Kallio
- The Institute of Microbiology, ETH-Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hely Häggman
- Genetics and Physiology Department, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland.
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Hichri I, Boscari A, Meilhoc E, Catalá M, Barreno E, Bruand C, Lanfranco L, Brouquisse R. Nitric Oxide: A Multitask Player in Plant–Microorganism Symbioses. GASOTRANSMITTERS IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40713-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Li Y, Xu M, Wang N, Li Y. A JAZ Protein in Astragalus sinicus Interacts with a Leghemoglobin through the TIFY Domain and Is Involved in Nodule Development and Nitrogen Fixation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139964. [PMID: 26460857 PMCID: PMC4603794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leghemoglobins (Lbs) play an important role in legumes-rhizobia symbiosis. Lbs bind O2 and protect nitrogenase activity from damage by O2 in nodules, therefore, they are regarded as a marker of active nitrogen fixation in nodules. Additionally, Lbs are involved in the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, acting as a NO scavenger during nodule development and nitrogen fixation. However, regulators responsible for Lb expression and modulation of Lb activity have not been characterized. In our previous work, a Jasmonate-Zim-domain (JAZ) protein interacting with a Lb (AsB2510) in Astragalus sinicus was identified and designated AsJAZ1. In this study, the interaction between AsJAZ1 and AsB2510 was verified using a yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro Glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays, resulting in identification of the interaction domain as a TIFY (previously known as zinc-finger protein expressed in inflorescence meristem, ZIM) domain. TIFY domain is named after the most conserved amino acids within the domain. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) was used to confirm the interaction between AsJAZ1 and AsB2510 in tobacco cells, demonstrating that AsJAZ1-AsB2510 interaction was localized to the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Furthermore, the expression patterns and the symbiotic phenotypes of AsJAZ1 were investigated. Knockdown of AsJAZ1 expression via RNA interference led to decreased number of nodules, abnormal development of bacteroids, accumulation of poly-x-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and loss of nitrogenase activity. Taken together, our results suggest that AsJAZ1 interacts with AsB2510 and participates in nodule development and nitrogen fixation. Our results provide novel insights into the functions of Lbs or JAZ proteins during legume-rhizobia symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Li
- Guangxi Experiment Centre of Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
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Hichri I, Boscari A, Castella C, Rovere M, Puppo A, Brouquisse R. Nitric oxide: a multifaceted regulator of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2877-87. [PMID: 25732535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The specific interaction between legumes and Rhizobium-type bacteria leads to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship characterized by the formation of new differentiated organs named nodules, which provide a niche for bacterial nitrogen (N2) fixation. In the nodules, bacteria differentiate into bacteroids with the ability to fix atmospheric N2 via nitrogenase activity. As nitrogenase is strongly inhibited by oxygen, N2 fixation is made possible by the microaerophilic conditions prevailing in the nodules. Increasing evidence has shown the presence of NO during symbiosis, from early interaction steps between the plant and the bacterial partners to N2-fixing and senescence steps in mature nodules. Both the plant and the bacterial partners participate in NO synthesis. NO was found to be required for the optimal establishment of the symbiotic interaction. Transcriptomic analysis at an early stage of the symbiosis showed that NO is potentially involved in the repression of plant defence reactions, favouring the establishment of the plant-microbe interaction. In mature nodules, NO was shown to inhibit N2 fixation, but it was also demonstrated to have a regulatory role in nitrogen metabolism, to play a beneficial metabolic function for the maintenance of the energy status under hypoxic conditions, and to trigger nodule senescence. The present review provides an overview of NO sources and multifaceted effects from the early steps of the interaction to the senescence of the nodule, and presents several approaches which appear to be particularly promising in deciphering the roles of NO in N2-fixing symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imène Hichri
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Claude Castella
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Martina Rovere
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Alain Puppo
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
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Ribeiro CW, Alloing G, Mandon K, Frendo P. Redox regulation of differentiation in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:1469-78. [PMID: 25433163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between Rhizobium bacteria and legumes leads to the formation of a new organ, the root nodule. The development of the nodule requires the differentiation of plant root cells to welcome the endosymbiotic bacterial partner. This development includes the formation of an efficient vascular tissue which allows metabolic exchanges between the root and the nodule, the formation of a barrier to oxygen diffusion necessary for the bacterial nitrogenase activity and the enlargement of cells in the infection zone to support the large bacterial population. Inside the plant cell, the bacteria differentiate into bacteroids which are able to reduce atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia needed for plant growth in exchange for carbon sources. Nodule functioning requires a tight regulation of the development of plant cells and bacteria. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Nodule functioning requires a tight regulation of the development of plant cells and bacteria. The importance of redox control in nodule development and N-fixation is discussed in this review. The involvement of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the importance of the antioxidant defense are analyzed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Plant differentiation and bacterial differentiation are controlled by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, enzymes involved in the antioxidant defense and antioxidant compounds. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The establishment and functioning of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis involve a redox control important for both the plant-bacteria crosstalk and the consideration of environmental parameters. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Werner Ribeiro
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA UMR 1355, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, CNRS UMR 7254, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Geneviève Alloing
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA UMR 1355, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, CNRS UMR 7254, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Karine Mandon
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA UMR 1355, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, CNRS UMR 7254, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Frendo
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA UMR 1355, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, CNRS UMR 7254, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
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Ferguson BJ, Mathesius U. Phytohormone regulation of legume-rhizobia interactions. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:770-90. [PMID: 25052910 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The symbiosis between legumes and nitrogen fixing bacteria called rhizobia leads to the formation of root nodules. Nodules are highly organized root organs that form in response to Nod factors produced by rhizobia, and they provide rhizobia with a specialized niche to optimize nutrient exchange and nitrogen fixation. Nodule development and invasion by rhizobia is locally controlled by feedback between rhizobia and the plant host. In addition, the total number of nodules on a root system is controlled by a systemic mechanism termed 'autoregulation of nodulation'. Both the local and the systemic control of nodulation are regulated by phytohormones. There are two mechanisms by which phytohormone signalling is altered during nodulation: through direct synthesis by rhizobia and through indirect manipulation of the phytohormone balance in the plant, triggered by bacterial Nod factors. Recent genetic and physiological evidence points to a crucial role of Nod factor-induced changes in the host phytohormone balance as a prerequisite for successful nodule formation. Phytohormones synthesized by rhizobia enhance symbiosis effectiveness but do not appear to be necessary for nodule formation. This review provides an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the roles and interactions of phytohormones and signalling peptides in the regulation of nodule infection, initiation, positioning, development, and autoregulation. Future challenges remain to unify hormone-related findings across different legumes and to test whether hormone perception, response, or transport differences among different legumes could explain the variety of nodules types and the predisposition for nodule formation in this plant family. In addition, the molecular studies carried out under controlled conditions will need to be extended into the field to test whether and how phytohormone contributions by host and rhizobial partners affect the long term fitness of the host and the survival and competition of rhizobia in the soil. It also will be interesting to explore the interaction of hormonal signalling pathways between rhizobia and plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Ferguson
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Yan Z, Hossain MS, Wang J, Valdés-López O, Liang Y, Libault M, Qiu L, Stacey G. miR172 regulates soybean nodulation. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2013; 26:1371-7. [PMID: 23980625 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-13-0111-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in the control of gene expression and regulate plant developmental processes. miRNA 172 (miR172) is a conserved miRNA in plants reported to control the expression of genes involved in developmental phase transition, floral organ identity, and flowering time. However, the specific role of miR172 in legume nodulation is undefined. Ectopic expression of soybean miR172 resulted in an increase in nodule numbers in transgenic roots and an increase in the expression of both symbiotic leghemoglobin and nonsymbiotic hemoglobin. These nodules showed higher levels of nitrogenase activity. Further analysis revealed a complex regulatory circuit in which miR156 regulates miR172 expression and controls the level of an AP2 transcription factor. The latter, either directly or indirectly, controls the expression of nonsymbiotic hemoglobin, which is essential for regulating the levels of nodulation.
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Boscari A, Meilhoc E, Castella C, Bruand C, Puppo A, Brouquisse R. Which role for nitric oxide in symbiotic N2-fixing nodules: toxic by-product or useful signaling/metabolic intermediate? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:384. [PMID: 24130563 PMCID: PMC3793596 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between legumes and rhizobia leads to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship characterized by the formation of new organs called nodules, in which bacteria have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) via the nitrogenase activity. Significant nitric oxide (NO) production was evidenced in the N2-fixing nodules suggesting that it may impact the symbiotic process. Indeed, NO was shown to be a potent inhibitor of nitrogenase activity and symbiotic N2 fixation. It has also been shown that NO production is increased in hypoxic nodules and this production was supposed to be linked - via a nitrate/NO respiration process - with improved capacity of the nodules to maintain their energy status under hypoxic conditions. Other data suggest that NO might be a developmental signal involved in the induction of nodule senescence. Hence, the questions were raised of the toxic effects versus signaling/metabolic functions of NO, and of the regulation of NO levels compatible with nitrogenase activity. The present review analyses the different roles of NO in functioning nodules, and discusses the role of plant and bacterial (flavo)hemoglobins in the control of NO level in nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Boscari
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 1355Sophia Antipolis, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 7254Sophia Antipolis, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Eliane Meilhoc
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR441Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR2594Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Claude Castella
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 1355Sophia Antipolis, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 7254Sophia Antipolis, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Claude Bruand
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR441Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR2594Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alain Puppo
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 1355Sophia Antipolis, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 7254Sophia Antipolis, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 1355Sophia Antipolis, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 7254Sophia Antipolis, France
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
- *Correspondence: Renaud Brouquisse, UMR INRA 1355 - CNRS 7254 - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut Agrobiotech, 400 route des Chappes, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France e-mail:
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Meilhoc E, Blanquet P, Cam Y, Bruand C. Control of NO level in rhizobium-legume root nodules: not only a plant globin story. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:doi: 10.4161/psb.25923. [PMID: 23962798 PMCID: PMC4091110 DOI: 10.4161/psb.25923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO ) is a gaseous signaling molecule which plays both regulatory and defense roles in animals and plants. In the symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia, NO has been shown to be involved in bacterial infection and nodule development steps as well as in mature nodule functioning. We recently showed that an increase in NO level inside Medicago truncatula root nodules also could trigger premature nodule senescence. Here we discuss the importance of the bacterial Sinorhizobium meliloti flavohemoglobin to finely tune the NO level inside nodules and further, we demonstrate that S. meliloti possesses at least two non redundant ways to control NO and that both systems are necessary to maintain efficient nitrogen fixing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Meilhoc
- INRA; Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM); UMR441; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS; Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM); UMR2594; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Correspondence to: Eliane Meilhoc,
| | - Pauline Blanquet
- INRA; Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM); UMR441; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS; Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM); UMR2594; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yvan Cam
- INRA; Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM); UMR441; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS; Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM); UMR2594; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Claude Bruand
- INRA; Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM); UMR441; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS; Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM); UMR2594; F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Scheler C, Durner J, Astier J. Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in plant biotic interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:534-9. [PMID: 23880111 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in plants. Recent progress has been made in defining their role during plant biotic interactions. Over the last decade, their function in disease resistance has been highlighted and focused a lot of investigations. Moreover, NO and ROS have recently emerged as important players of defense responses after herbivore attacks. Besides their role in plant adaptive response development, NO and ROS have been demonstrated to be involved in symbiotic interactions between plants and microorganisms. Here we review recent data concerning these three sides of NO and ROS functions in plant biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scheler
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Puppo A, Pauly N, Boscari A, Mandon K, Brouquisse R. Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide: key regulators of the Legume-Rhizobium and mycorrhizal symbioses. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2202-19. [PMID: 23249379 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE During the Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) appear to play an important signaling role in the establishment and the functioning of this interaction. Modifications of the levels of these reactive species in both partners impair either the development of the nodules (new root organs formed on the interaction) or their N(2)-fixing activity. RECENT ADVANCES NADPH oxidases (Noxs) have been recently described as major sources of H(2)O(2) production, via superoxide anion dismutation, during symbiosis. Nitrate reductases (NR) and electron transfer chains from both partners were found to significantly contribute to NO production in N(2)-fixing nodules. Both S-sulfenylated and S-nitrosylated proteins have been detected during early interaction and in functioning nodules, linking reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NO production to redox-based protein regulation. NO was also found to play a metabolic role in nodule energy metabolism. CRITICAL ISSUES H(2)O(2) may control the infection process and the subsequent bacterial differentiation into the symbiotic form. NO is required for an optimal establishment of symbiosis and appears to be a key player in nodule senescence. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A challenging question is to define more precisely when and where reactive species are generated and to develop adapted tools to detect their production in vivo. To investigate the role of Noxs and NRs in the production of H(2)O(2) and NO, respectively, the use of mutants under the control of organ-specific promoters will be of crucial interest. The balance between ROS and NO production appears to be a key point to understand the redox regulation of symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Puppo
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, TGU INRA 1355-CNRS 7254, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
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Rosic NN, Leggat W, Kaniewska P, Dove S, Hoegh-Guldberg O. New-old hemoglobin-like proteins of symbiotic dinoflagellates. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:822-34. [PMID: 23610627 PMCID: PMC3631397 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic dinoflagellates are unicellular photosynthetic algae that live in mutualistic symbioses with many marine organisms. Within the transcriptome of coral endosymbionts Symbiodinium sp. (type C3), we discovered the sequences of two novel and highly polymorphic hemoglobin-like genes and proposed their 3D protein structures. At the protein level, four isoforms shared between 87 and 97% sequence identity for Hb-1 and 78-99% for Hb-2, whereas between Hb-1 and Hb-2 proteins, only 15-21% sequence homology has been preserved. Phylogenetic analyses of the dinoflagellate encoding Hb sequences have revealed a separate evolutionary origin of the discovered globin genes and indicated the possibility of horizontal gene transfer. Transcriptional regulation of the Hb-like genes was studied in the reef-building coral Acropora aspera exposed to elevated temperatures (6-7°C above average sea temperature) over a 24-h period and a 72-h period, as well as to nutrient stress. Exposure to elevated temperatures resulted in an increased Hb-1 gene expression of 31% after 72 h only, whereas transcript abundance of the Hb-2 gene was enhanced by up to 59% by both 1-day and 3-day thermal stress conditions. Nutrient stress also increased gene expression of Hb-2 gene by 70%. Our findings describe the differential expression patterns of two novel Hb genes from symbiotic dinoflagellates and their polymorphic nature. Furthermore, the inducible nature of Hb-2 gene by both thermal and nutrient stressors indicates a prospective role of this form of hemoglobin in the initial coral-algal responses to changes in environmental conditions. This novel hemoglobin has potential use as a stress biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedeljka N Rosic
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
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Silva L, Carvalho H. Possible role of glutamine synthetase in the NO signaling response in root nodules by contributing to the antioxidant defenses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:372. [PMID: 24065976 PMCID: PMC3777134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as an important regulatory player in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. The occurrence of NO during several steps of the symbiotic interaction suggests an important, but yet unknown, signaling role of this molecule for root nodule formation and functioning. The identification of the molecular targets of NO is key for the assembly of the signal transduction cascade that will ultimately help to unravel NO function. We have recently shown that the key nitrogen assimilatory enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) is a molecular target of NO in root nodules of Medicago truncatula, being post-translationally regulated by tyrosine nitration in relation to nitrogen fixation. In functional nodules of M. truncatula NO formation has been located in the bacteroid containing cells of the fixation zone, where the ammonium generated by bacterial nitrogenase is released to the plant cytosol and assimilated into the organic pools by plant GS. We propose that the NO-mediated GS post-translational inactivation is connected to nitrogenase inhibition induced by NO and is related to metabolite channeling to boost the nodule antioxidant defenses. Glutamate, a substrate for GS activity is also the precursor for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is highly abundant in root nodules of several plant species and known to play a major role in the antioxidant defense participating in the ascorbate/GSH cycle. Existing evidence suggests that upon NO-mediated GS inhibition, glutamate could be channeled for the synthesis of GSH. According to this hypothesis, GS would be involved in the NO-signaling responses in root nodules and the NO-signaling events would meet the nodule metabolic pathways to provide an adaptive response to the inhibition of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by reactive nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Carvalho
- *Correspondence: Helena Carvalho, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular da Assimilação do Azoto, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal e-mail:
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