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Chang YL, Chang YC, Kurniawan A, Chang PC, Liou TY, Wang WD, Chuang HW. Employing Genomic Tools to Explore the Molecular Mechanisms behind the Enhancement of Plant Growth and Stress Resilience Facilitated by a Burkholderia Rhizobacterial Strain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6091. [PMID: 38892282 PMCID: PMC11172717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The rhizobacterial strain BJ3 showed 16S rDNA sequence similarity to species within the Burkholderia genus. Its complete genome sequence revealed a 97% match with Burkholderia contaminans and uncovered gene clusters essential for plant-growth-promoting traits (PGPTs). These clusters include genes responsible for producing indole acetic acid (IAA), osmolytes, non-ribosomal peptides (NRPS), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), siderophores, lipopolysaccharides, hydrolytic enzymes, and spermidine. Additionally, the genome contains genes for nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization, as well as a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. The treatment with BJ3 enhanced root architecture, boosted vegetative growth, and accelerated early flowering in Arabidopsis. Treated seedlings also showed increased lignin production and antioxidant capabilities, as well as notably increased tolerance to water deficit and high salinity. An RNA-seq transcriptome analysis indicated that BJ3 treatment significantly activated genes related to immunity induction, hormone signaling, and vegetative growth. It specifically activated genes involved in the production of auxin, ethylene, and salicylic acid (SA), as well as genes involved in the synthesis of defense compounds like glucosinolates, camalexin, and terpenoids. The expression of AP2/ERF transcription factors was markedly increased. These findings highlight BJ3's potential to produce various bioactive metabolites and its ability to activate auxin, ethylene, and SA signaling in Arabidopsis, positioning it as a new Burkholderia strain that could significantly improve plant growth, stress resilience, and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Long Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Andi Kurniawan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
- Department of Agronomy, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Po-Chun Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Liou
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Der Wang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Huey-wen Chuang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
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2
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Cohen JD, Strader LC. An auxin research odyssey: 1989-2023. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1410-1428. [PMID: 38382088 PMCID: PMC11062468 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin is at times called the master regulator of plant processes and has been shown to be a central player in embryo development, the establishment of the polar axis, early aspects of seedling growth, as well as growth and organ formation during later stages of plant development. The Plant Cell has been key, since the inception of the journal, to developing an understanding of auxin biology. Auxin-regulated plant growth control is accomplished by both changes in the levels of active hormones and the sensitivity of plant tissues to these concentration changes. In this historical review, we chart auxin research as it has progressed in key areas and highlight the role The Plant Cell played in these scientific developments. We focus on understanding auxin-responsive genes, transcription factors, reporter constructs, perception, and signal transduction processes. Auxin metabolism is discussed from the development of tryptophan auxotrophic mutants, the molecular biology of conjugate formation and hydrolysis, indole-3-butyric acid metabolism and transport, and key steps in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. This progress leads to an expectation of a more comprehensive understanding of the systems biology of auxin and the spatial and temporal regulation of cellular growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D Cohen
- Department of Horticultural Science and the Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
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3
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Libao C, Shiting L, Chen Z, Shuyan L. NnARF17 and NnARF18 from lotus promote root formation and modulate stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:163. [PMID: 38431568 PMCID: PMC10908128 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression within the auxin signal transduction pathway, particularly during adventitious root (AR) formation. In this investigation, we identified full-length sequences for ARF17 and ARF18, encompassing 1,800 and 2,055 bp, encoding 599 and 684 amino acid residues, respectively. Despite exhibiting low sequence homology, the ARF17- and ARF18-encoded proteins displayed significant structural similarity and shared identical motifs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close relationships between NnARF17 and VvARF17, as well as NnARF18 and BvARF18. Both ARF17 and ARF18 demonstrated responsiveness to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ethephon, and sucrose, exhibiting organ-specific expression patterns. Beyond their role in promoting root development, these ARFs enhanced stem growth and conferred drought tolerance while mitigating waterlogging stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. RNA sequencing data indicated upregulation of 51 and 75 genes in ARF17 and ARF18 transgenic plants, respectively, including five and three genes associated with hormone metabolism and responses. Further analysis of transgenic plants revealed a significant decrease in IAA content, accompanied by a marked increase in abscisic acid content under normal growth conditions. Additionally, lotus seedlings treated with IAA exhibited elevated levels of polyphenol oxidase, IAA oxidase, and peroxidase. The consistent modulation of IAA content in both lotus and transgenic plants highlights the pivotal role of IAA in AR formation in lotus seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Libao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Shiting
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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Huang L, Xu N, Wu J, Yang S, An L, Zhou Z, Wong CE, Wu M, Yu H, Gan Y. GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS3 binds to and activates RHD2 and RHD4 genes to promote root hair elongation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:92-106. [PMID: 37738394 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are crucial in the uptake of essential nutrients and water in plants. This study showed that a zinc finger protein, GIS3 is involved in root hair growth in Arabidopsis. The loss-of-function gis3 and GIS3 RNAi transgenic line exhibited a significant reduction in root hairs compared to the wild type. The application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), an exogenous ethylene precursor, and 6-benzyl amino purine (BA), a synthetic cytokinin, significantly restored the percentage of hair cells in the epidermis in gis3 and induced GIS3 expression in the wild type. More importantly, molecular and genetic studies revealed that GIS3 acts upstream of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 2 (RHD2) and RHD4 by binding to their promoters. Furthermore, exogenous ACC and BA application significantly induced the expression of RHD2 and RHD4, while root hair phenotype of rhd2-1, rhd4-1, and rhd4-3 was insensitive to ACC and BA treatment. We can therefore conclude that GIS3 modulates root hair development by directly regulating RHD2 and RHD4 expression through ethylene and cytokinin signals in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Huang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun An
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhongjing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chui Eng Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingjie Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Xiang J, Zhang C, Wang N, Liang Z, Zhenzhen Z, Liang L, Yuan H, Shi Y. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Candidate Genes for Root-Related Traits in Rice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4386-4405. [PMID: 36286016 PMCID: PMC9601093 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Root architecture is a determinant factor of drought resistance in rice and plays essential roles in the absorption of water and nutrients for the survival of rice plants. Dissection of the genetic basis for root structure can help to improve stress-resistance and grain yield in rice breeding. In this study, a total of 391 rice (Oryz asativa L.) accessions were used to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on three root-related traits in rice, including main root length (MRL), average root length (ARL), and total root number (TRN). As a result, 13 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) (qMRL1.1, qMRL1.2, qMRL3.1, qMRL3.2, qMRL3.3, qMRL4.1, qMRL7.1, qMRL8.1, qARL1.1, qARL9.1, qTRN9.1, qTRN9.2, and qTRN11.1) significantly associated with the three traits were identified, among which three (qMRL3.2, qMRL4.1 and qMRL8.1) were overlapped with OsGNOM1, OsARF12 and qRL8.1, respectively, and ten were novel QTLs. Moreover, we also detected epistatic interactions affecting root-related traits and identified 19 related genetic interactions. These results lay a foundation for cloning the corresponding genes for rice root structure, as well as provide important genomic resources for breeding high yield rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yingyao Shi
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
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Chung K, Demianski AJ, Harrison GA, Laurie-Berry N, Mitsuda N, Kunkel BN. Jasmonate Hypersensitive 3 negatively regulates both jasmonate and ethylene-mediated responses in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5067-5083. [PMID: 35552406 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) is an important hormone involved in regulating diverse responses to environmental factors as well as growth and development, and its signalling is influenced by other hormones such as ethylene (ET). However, our understanding of the regulatory relationship between the JA and ET signalling pathways is limited. In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis JA-hypersensitive mutant, jah3 (jasmonate hypersensitive3)-1. Map-based cloning revealed that the JAH3 gene corresponds to At4g16535. JAH3 encodes a protein of unknown function whose amino acid sequence has similarity to leukocyte receptor cluster-like protein. The mutation in jah3-1 is caused by a single nucleotide change from A to T at position 220 of 759 bp. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we generated a second allele, jah3-2, that encodes a truncated protein. Both of these loss-of-function alleles resulted in hypersensitivity to JA, ET-induced root growth inhibition, and accelerated dark-induced senescence. Double mutant analyses employing coronatine insensitive 1 (coi1) and ethylene insensitive 3 (ein3) mutants (jah3 coi1 and jah3 ein3) demonstrated that the hypersensitive phenotypes of the jah3 mutants are mediated by JA and ET signalling components COI1 and EIN3. Therefore, we propose that JAH3 is a negative regulator of both JA and ET signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- KwiMi Chung
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Agnes J Demianski
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory A Harrison
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Neva Laurie-Berry
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Barbara N Kunkel
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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7
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Iqbal S, Hayat F, Mushtaq N, Khalil-ur-Rehman M, Khan U, Yasoob TB, Khan MN, Ni Z, Ting S, Gao Z. Bioinformatics Study of Aux/IAA Family Genes and Their Expression in Response to Different Hormones Treatments during Japanese Apricot Fruit Development and Ripening. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151898. [PMID: 35893602 PMCID: PMC9332017 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) is a transcriptional repressor in the auxin signaling pathway that plays a role in several plant growth and development as well as fruit and embryo development. However, it is unclear what role they play in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) fruit development and maturity. To investigate the role of Aux/IAA genes in fruit texture, development, and maturity, we comprehensively identified and expressed 19 PmIAA genes, and demonstrated their conserved domains and homology across species. The majority of PmIAA genes are highly responsive and expressed in different hormone treatments. PmIAA2, PmIAA5, PmIAA7, PmIAA10, PmIAA13, PmIAA18, and PmIAA19 showed a substantial increase in expression, suggesting that these genes are involved in fruit growth and maturity. During fruit maturation, alteration in the expression of PmIAA genes in response to 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment revealed an interaction between auxin and ethylene. The current study investigated the response of Aux/IAA development regulators to auxin during fruit ripening, with the goal of better understanding their potential application in functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Iqbal
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (Z.N.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (Z.G.); Tel./Fax: +86-025-8439-5724 (S.I. & Z.G.)
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Naveed Mushtaq
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (Z.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Muhammad Khalil-ur-Rehman
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Ummara Khan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Talat Bilal Yasoob
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan;
| | | | - Zhaojun Ni
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (Z.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Shi Ting
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (Z.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Zhihong Gao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (Z.N.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (Z.G.); Tel./Fax: +86-025-8439-5724 (S.I. & Z.G.)
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Liu L, Pu Y, Niu Z, Wu J, Fang Y, Xu J, Xu F, Yue J, Ma L, Li X, Sun W. Transcriptomic Insights Into Root Development and Overwintering Transcriptional Memory of Brassica rapa L. Grown in the Field. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900708. [PMID: 35937315 PMCID: PMC9355659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the only overwintering oil crop in the north area of China, living through winter is the primary feature of winter rapeseed. Roots are the only survival organ during prolonged cold exposure during winter to guarantee flowering in spring. However, little is known about its root development and overwintering memory mechanism. In this study, root collar tissues (including the shoot apical meristem) of three winter rapeseed varieties with different cold resistance, i.e., Longyou-7 (strong cold tolerance), Tianyou-4 (middle cold tolerance), and Lenox (cold-sensitive), were sampled in the pre-winter period (S1), overwintering periods (S2-S5), and re-greening stage (S6), and were used to identify the root development and overwintering memory mechanisms and seek candidate overwintering memory genes by measuring root collar diameter and RNA sequencing. The results showed that the S1-S2 stages were the significant developmental stages of the roots as root collar diameter increased slowly in the S3-S5 stages, and the roots developed fast in the strong cold resistance variety than in the weak cold resistance variety. Subsequently, the RNA-seq analysis revealed that a total of 37,905, 45,102, and 39,276 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), compared to the S1 stage, were identified in Longyou-7, Tianyou-4, and Lenox, respectively. The function enrichment analysis showed that most of the DEGs are significantly involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and spliceosome, ribosome, proteasome, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways. Furthermore, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were related to the difference in root development of the three varieties, DEGs involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism processes may participate in overwintering memory of Longyou-7 and Tianyou-4, and the spliceosome pathway may contribute to the super winter resistance of Longyou-7. The transcription factor enrichment analysis showed that the WRKY family made up the majority in different stages and may play an important regulatory role in root development and overwintering memory. These results provide a comprehensive insight into winter rapeseed's complex overwintering memory mechanisms. The identified candidate overwintering memory genes may also serve as important genetic resources for breeding to further improve the cold resistance of winter rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zaoxia Niu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junyan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Shanghai OE Biotech Co., Ltd.,Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinli Yue
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuecai Li
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wancang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Tang S, Shahriari M, Xiang J, Pasternak T, Igolkina A, Aminizade S, Zhi H, Gao Y, Roodbarkelari F, Sui Y, Jia G, Wu C, Zhang L, Zhao L, Li X, Meshcheryakov G, Samsonova M, Diao X, Palme K, Teale W. The role of AUX1 during lateral root development in the domestication of the model C4 grass Setaria italica. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2021-2034. [PMID: 34940828 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis increases the efficiency of carbon fixation by spatially separating high concentrations of molecular oxygen from Rubisco. The specialized leaf anatomy required for this separation evolved independently many times. The morphology of C4 root systems is also distinctive and adapted to support high rates of photosynthesis; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that have driven the evolution of C4 root system architecture. Using a mutant screen in the C4 model plant Setaria italica, we identify Siaux1-1 and Siaux1-2 as root system architecture mutants. Unlike in S. viridis, AUX1 promotes lateral root development in S. italica. A cell by cell analysis of the Siaux1-1 root apical meristem revealed changes in the distribution of cell volumes in all cell layers and a dependence of the frequency of protophloem and protoxylem strands on SiAUX1. We explore the molecular basis of the role of SiAUX1 in seedling development using an RNAseq analysis of wild-type and Siaux1-1 plants and present novel targets for SiAUX1-dependent gene regulation. Using a selection sweep and haplotype analysis of SiAUX1, we show that Hap-2412TT in the promoter region of SiAUX1 is an allele which is associated with lateral root number and has been strongly selected for during Setaria domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mojgan Shahriari
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jishan Xiang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Protection & Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Development, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Taras Pasternak
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Igolkina
- Department of Computational Biology, Center for Advanced Studies, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195259, Russia
| | | | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanzhu Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Farshad Roodbarkelari
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Georgy Meshcheryakov
- Department of Computational Biology, Center for Advanced Studies, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195259, Russia
| | - Maria Samsonova
- Department of Computational Biology, Center for Advanced Studies, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195259, Russia
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Klaus Palme
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre of Biological Systems Analysis and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - William Teale
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Elkobrosy DH, Aseel DG, Hafez EE, El-Saedy MA, Al-Huqail AA, Ali HM, Jebril J, Shama S, Abdelsalam NR, Elnahal AS. Quantitative detection of induced systemic resistance genes of potato roots upon ethylene treatment and cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, infection during plant–nematode interactions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3617-3625. [PMID: 35844398 PMCID: PMC9280246 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato cyst nematodes caused by Globodera rostochiensis, are quarantine-restricted pests causing significant yield losses to potato growers. The phytohormone ethylene play significant roles in various plant-pathogen interactions, however, the molecular knowledge of how ethylene influences potato–nematode interaction is still lacking. Precise detection of potato-induced genes is essential for recognizing plant-induced systemic resistance (ISR). Candidate genes or PR- proteins with putative functions in modulating the response to potato cyst nematode stress were selected and functionally characterized. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we measured the quantified expression of four pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, PR2, PR3, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. The activation of these genes is intermediate during the ISR signaling in the root tissues. Using different ethylene concentrations could detect and induce defense genes in infected potato roots compared to the control treatment. The observed differences in the gene expression of treated infected plants are because of different concentrations of ethylene treatment and pathogenicity. Besides, the overexpressed or suppressed of defense- related genes during developmental stages and pathogen infection. We concluded that ethylene treatments positively affected potato defensive genes expression levels against cyst nematode infection. The results emphasize the necessity of studying molecular signaling pathways controlling biotic stress responses. Understanding such mechanisms will be critical for the development of broad-spectrum and stress-tolerant crops in the future.
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Abstract
From embryogenesis to fruit formation, almost every aspect of plant development and differentiation is controlled by the cellular accumulation or depletion of auxin from cells and tissues. The respective auxin maxima and minima are generated by cell-to-cell auxin transport via transporter proteins. Differential auxin accumulation as a result of such transport processes dynamically regulates auxin distribution during differentiation. In this review, we introduce all auxin transporter (families) identified to date and discuss the knowledge on prominent family members, namely, the PIN-FORMED exporters, ATP-binding cassette B (ABCB)-type transporters, and AUX1/LAX importers. We then concentrate on the biochemical features of these transporters and their regulation by posttranslational modifications and interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Z Hammes
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture
- Agriculture Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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12
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Li M, Zhu Y, Li S, Zhang W, Yin C, Lin Y. Regulation of Phytohormones on the Growth and Development of Plant Root Hair. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865302. [PMID: 35401627 PMCID: PMC8988291 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The tubular-shaped unicellular extensions of plant epidermal cells known as root hairs are important components of plant roots and play crucial roles in absorbing nutrients and water and in responding to stress. The growth and development of root hair include, mainly, fate determination of root hair cells, root hair initiation, and root hair elongation. Phytohormones play important regulatory roles as signal molecules in the growth and development of root hair. In this review, we describe the regulatory roles of auxin, ethylene (ETH), jasmonate (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), strigolactone (SL), cytokinin (CK), and brassinosteroid (BR) in the growth and development of plant root hairs. Auxin, ETH, and CK play positive regulation while BR plays negative regulation in the fate determination of root hair cells; Auxin, ETH, JA, CK, and ABA play positive regulation while BR plays negative regulation in the root hair initiation; Auxin, ETH, CK, and JA play positive regulation while BR, GA, and ABA play negative regulation in the root hair elongation. Phytohormones regulate root hair growth and development mainly by regulating transcription of root hair associated genes, including WEREWOLF (WER), GLABRA2 (GL2), CAPRICE (CPC), and HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6). Auxin and ETH play vital roles in this regulation, with JA, ABA, SL, and BR interacting with auxin and ETH to regulate further the growth and development of root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanchun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Susu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changxi Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Changxi Yin,
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Sikder MM, Vestergård M, Kyndt T, Kudjordjie EN, Nicolaisen M. Phytohormones selectively affect plant parasitic nematodes associated with Arabidopsis roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1272-1285. [PMID: 34115415 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones may affect plant-nematode interactions directly as chemo-attractants or -repellents, or indirectly through the root-associated microbiome or through host defense mechanisms. However, the exact roles of phytohormones in these complex plant-soil-nematode interactions are not well understood. We used Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in phytohormone synthesis or sensitivity to elucidate their role in root-nematode interactions. As root-associated microorganisms may modulate these interactions, we explored correlations between the relative abundances of root-associated nematodes, and bacteria and fungi using amplicon sequencing. We found distinct shifts in relative abundances of a range of nematode taxa in the A. thaliana phytohormone mutants. The root knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla, a sedentary endoparasitic species that is in intimate contact with the host, was highly enriched in JA-, SA- and SL-impaired lines, and in an ET-insensitive line. Positive or negative correlations between specific microbial and nematode taxa were observed, but, as the inference of causal relationships between microbiome responses and effects on nematode communities is premature, this should be studied in detail in future studies. In conclusion, genetic derailment of hormonal balances generally rendered plants vulnerable to endoparasitic nematode attack. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that this effect may be partially modulated by the associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maniruzzaman Sikder
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
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14
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Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Investigation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Oxidase ( ACO) Genes in Cotton. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081699. [PMID: 34451744 PMCID: PMC8402218 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
ACO is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of ethylene, and it plays a critical role in the regulation of plant growth and development. However, the function of ACO genes in cotton is not well studied. In this study, a total of 332 GhACOs, 187 GaACOs, and 181 GrACOs were identified in G. hirsutum, G. arboretum, and G. raimondii, respectively. Gene duplication analysis showed that whole-genome duplication (WGD) and tandem duplication were the major forces driving the generation of cotton ACO genes. In the promoters of GhACOs, there were cis-acting elements responding to stress, phytohormones, light, and circadian factors, indicating the possible involvement of GhACOs in these processes. Expression and co-expression analyses illustrated that most GhACOs were not only widely expressed in various tissues but also coexpressed with other genes in response to salt and drought stress. GhACO106_At overexpression in Arabidopsis promoted flowering and increased salt tolerance. These results provide a comprehensive overview of the ACO genes of cotton and lay the foundation for subsequent functional studies of these genes.
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15
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Jacobsen AGR, Jervis G, Xu J, Topping JF, Lindsey K. Root growth responses to mechanical impedance are regulated by a network of ROS, ethylene and auxin signalling in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:225-242. [PMID: 33428776 PMCID: PMC8651006 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The growth and development of root systems is influenced by mechanical properties of the substrate in which the plants grow. Mechanical impedance, such as by compacted soil, can reduce root elongation and limit crop productivity. To understand better the mechanisms involved in plant root responses to mechanical impedance stress, we investigated changes in the root transcriptome and hormone signalling responses of Arabidopsis to artificial root barrier systems in vitro. We demonstrate that upon encountering a barrier, reduced Arabidopsis root growth and a characteristic 'step-like' growth pattern is due to a reduction in cell elongation associated with changes in signalling gene expression. Data from RNA-sequencing combined with reporter line and mutant studies identified essential roles for reactive oxygen species, ethylene and auxin signalling during the barrier response. We propose a model in which early responses to mechanical impedance include reactive oxygen signalling integrated with ethylene and auxin responses to mediate root growth changes. Inhibition of ethylene responses allows improved growth in response to root impedance, an observation that may inform future crop breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Jervis
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Plant Systems PhysiologyInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525 AJthe Netherlands
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for BioImaging SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore117543Singapore
| | | | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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16
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Singh N, Gaddam SR, Singh D, Trivedi PK. Regulation of arsenic stress response by ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 185:104408. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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17
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Gong Y, Alassimone J, Varnau R, Sharma N, Cheung LS, Bergmann DC. Tuning self-renewal in the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage by hormone and nutrient regulation of asymmetric cell division. eLife 2021; 10:e63335. [PMID: 33739283 PMCID: PMC8009662 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric and self-renewing divisions build and pattern tissues. In the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage, asymmetric cell divisions, guided by polarly localized cortical proteins, generate most cells on the leaf surface. Systemic and environmental signals modify tissue development, but the mechanisms by which plants incorporate such cues to regulate asymmetric divisions are elusive. In a screen for modulators of cell polarity, we identified CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1, a negative regulator of ethylene signaling. We subsequently revealed antagonistic impacts of ethylene and glucose signaling on the self-renewing capacity of stomatal lineage stem cells. Quantitative analysis of cell polarity and fate dynamics showed that developmental information may be encoded in both the spatial and temporal asymmetries of polarity proteins. These results provide a framework for a mechanistic understanding of how nutritional status and environmental factors tune stem-cell behavior in the stomatal lineage, ultimately enabling flexibility in leaf size and cell-type composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | | | - Rachel Varnau
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Lily S Cheung
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Dominique C Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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18
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Chemical Proprieties of Biopolymers (Chitin/Chitosan) and Their Synergic Effects with Endophytic Bacillus Species: Unlimited Applications in Agriculture. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041117. [PMID: 33672446 PMCID: PMC7923285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, reckless usage of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture has made the environment and human health progressively vulnerable. This setting leads to the pursuit of other environmentally friendly interventions. Amongst the suggested solutions, the use of chitin and chitosan came about, whether alone or in combination with endophytic bacterial strains. In the framework of this research, we reported an assortment of studies on the physico-chemical properties and potential applications in the agricultural field of two biopolymers extracted from shrimp shells (chitin and chitosan), in addition to their uses as biofertilizers and biostimulators in combination with bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus sp. (having biochemical and enzymatic properties).
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19
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Zhou F, Zheng B, Wang F, Cao A, Xie S, Chen X, Schick JA, Jin X, Li H. Genome-Wide Analysis of MDHAR Gene Family in Four Cotton Species Provides Insights into Fiber Development via Regulating AsA Redox Homeostasis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020227. [PMID: 33503886 PMCID: PMC7912408 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monodehydroasorbate reductase (MDHAR) (EC1.6.5.4), a key enzyme in ascorbate-glutathione recycling, plays important roles in cell growth, plant development and physiological response to environmental stress via control of ascorbic acid (AsA)-mediated reduction/oxidation (redox) regulation. Until now, information regarding MDHAR function and regulatory mechanism in Gossypium have been limited. Herein, a genome-wide identification and comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of 36 MDHAR family genes in four Gossypium species, Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, were performed, indicating their close evolutionary relationship. Expression analysis of GhMDHARs in different cotton tissues and under abiotic stress and phytohormone treatment revealed diverse expression features. Fiber-specific expression analysis showed that GhMDHAR1A/D, 3A/D and 4A/D were preferentially expressed in fiber fast elongating stages to reach peak values in 15-DPA fibers, with corresponding coincident observances of MDHAR enzyme activity, AsA content and ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbic acid (AsA/DHA) ratio. Meanwhile, there was a close positive correlation between the increase of AsA content and AsA/DHA ratio catalyzed by MDHAR and fiber elongation development in different fiber-length cotton cultivars, suggesting the potential important function of MDHAR for fiber growth. Following H2O2 stimulation, GhMDHAR demonstrated immediate responses at the levels of mRNA, enzyme, the product of AsA and corresponding AsA/DHA value, and antioxidative activity. These results for the first time provide a comprehensive systemic analysis of the MDHAR gene family in plants and the four cotton species and demonstrate the contribution of MDHAR to fiber elongation development by controlling AsA-recycling-mediated cellular redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (F.W.); (A.C.); (S.X.); (X.C.)
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (F.W.); (A.C.); (S.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (F.W.); (A.C.); (S.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Aiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (F.W.); (A.C.); (S.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Shuangquan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (F.W.); (A.C.); (S.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Xifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (F.W.); (A.C.); (S.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Joel A. Schick
- Genetics and Cellular Engineering Group, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Xiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (F.W.); (A.C.); (S.X.); (X.C.)
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (F.Z.); (B.Z.); (F.W.); (A.C.); (S.X.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (H.L.)
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20
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Svolacchia N, Salvi E, Sabatini S. Arabidopsis primary root growth: let it grow, can't hold it back anymore! CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:133-141. [PMID: 33096518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, growth is defined by those processes that allow an organ to increase in mass, namely cell proliferation - that increases the number of cells - and cell expansion - that increases their volume. For an organ to achieve a functional shape and a characteristic final size both these processes need to be tightly coordinated. In roots, these processes stand behind root primary growth, which results in lengthening of the root along its longitudinal axis, and secondary growth, which results in an increase of the root thickness. In this review, we will analyze latest advances in the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in root primary growth, focusing on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, where some molecular factors and networks responsible for regulating its self-organized primary growth have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Svolacchia
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Salvi
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Arkorful E, Hu S, Zou Z, Yu Y, Chen X, Li X. Metabolomic Analyses Provide New Insights into Signaling Mechanisms for Nutrient Uptake by Lateral Roots of Pruned Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7890-7903. [PMID: 32633955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pruning is an important plant management practice in tea cultivation. However, the mechanism underlying the dynamics of nutrient uptake by roots of pruned tea is unknown. This study investigated the metabolic alterations in lateral roots of pruned tea to unveil the mechanism of nutrient uptake. Elemental analysis revealed that pruning significantly increases the uptake of nutrients by lateral roots. Metabolic profiling showed significant metabolic variations in lateral roots of pruned tea. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism were differentially regulated in lateral roots. Caffeine metabolism was significantly hindered, while ethylene signaling was significantly induced in lateral roots of pruned plants. In addition, intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were upregulated, indicating high rates of the TCA cycle. Therefore, pathways related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, TCA cycle, ethylene biosynthesis, and metabolism of amino acids contribute to higher nutrient uptake by lateral roots of the tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Arkorful
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shunkai Hu
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhongwei Zou
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ying Yu
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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22
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Maitra Majee S, Sharma E, Singh B, Khurana JP. Drought-induced protein (Di19-3) plays a role in auxin signaling by interacting with IAA14 in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00234. [PMID: 32582877 PMCID: PMC7306619 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The members of early auxin response gene family, Aux/IAA, encode negative regulators of auxin signaling but play a central role in auxin-mediated plant development. Here we report the interaction of an Aux/IAA protein, AtIAA14, with Drought-induced-19 (Di19-3) protein and its possible role in auxin signaling. The Atdi19-3 mutant seedlings develop short hypocotyl, both in light and dark, and are compromised in temperature-induced hypocotyl elongation. The mutant plants accumulate more IAA and also show altered expression of NIT2, ILL5, and YUCCA genes involved in auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis, along with many auxin responsive genes like AUX1 and MYB77. Atdi19-3 seedlings show enhanced root growth inhibition when grown in the medium supplemented with auxin. Nevertheless, number of lateral roots is low in Atdi19-3 seedlings grown on the basal medium. We have shown that AtIAA14 physically interacts with AtDi19-3 in yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and in vitro pull-down assays. However, the auxin-induced degradation of AtIAA14 in the Atdi19-3 seedlings was delayed. By expressing pIAA14::mIAA14-GFP in Atdi19-3 mutant background, it became apparent that both Di19-3 and AtIAA14 work in the same pathway and influence lateral root development in Arabidopsis. Gain-of-function slr-1/iaa14 (slr) mutant, like Atdi19-3, showed tolerance to abiotic stress in seed germination and cotyledon greening assays. The Atdi19-3 seedlings showed enhanced sensitivity to ethylene in triple response assay and AgNO3, an ethylene inhibitor, caused profuse lateral root formation in the mutant seedlings. These observations suggest that AtDi19-3 interacting with AtIAA14, in all probability, serves as a positive regulator of auxin signaling and also plays a role in some ethylene-mediated responses in Arabidopsis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study has demonstrated interaction of auxin responsive Aux/IAA with Drought-induced 19 (Di19) protein and its possible implication in abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Maitra Majee
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew DelhiIndia
| | - Eshan Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew DelhiIndia
| | - Brinderjit Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew DelhiIndia
| | - Jitendra P. Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew DelhiIndia
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Vissenberg K, Claeijs N, Balcerowicz D, Schoenaers S. Hormonal regulation of root hair growth and responses to the environment in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2412-2427. [PMID: 31993645 PMCID: PMC7178432 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The main functions of plant roots are water and nutrient uptake, soil anchorage, and interaction with soil-living biota. Root hairs, single cell tubular extensions of root epidermal cells, facilitate or enhance these functions by drastically enlarging the absorptive surface. Root hair development is constantly adapted to changes in the root's surroundings, allowing for optimization of root functionality in heterogeneous soil environments. The underlying molecular pathway is the result of a complex interplay between position-dependent signalling and feedback loops. Phytohormone signalling interconnects this root hair signalling cascade with biotic and abiotic changes in the rhizosphere, enabling dynamic hormone-driven changes in root hair growth, density, length, and morphology. This review critically discusses the influence of the major plant hormones on root hair development, and how changes in rhizosphere properties impact on the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos PC, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Naomi Claeijs
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daria Balcerowicz
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Xu P, Zhao PX, Cai XT, Mao JL, Miao ZQ, Xiang CB. Integration of Jasmonic Acid and Ethylene Into Auxin Signaling in Root Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:271. [PMID: 32211015 PMCID: PMC7076161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must be highly adaptable to the changing environment by modifying their growth and development. Plants rely on their underground part, the root system, to absorb water and nutrients and to anchor to the ground. The root is a highly dynamic organ of indeterminate growth with new tissues produced by root stem cells. Plants have evolved unique molecular mechanisms to fine-tune root developmental processes, during which phytohormones play vital roles. These hormones often relay environmental signals to auxin signaling that ultimately directs root development programs. Therefore, the crosstalk among hormones is critical in the root development. In this review, we will focus on the recent progresses that jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling are integrated into auxin in regulating root development of Arabidopsis thaliana and discuss the key roles of transcription factors (TFs) ethylene response factors (ERFs) and homeobox proteins in the crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Xu,
| | - Ping-Xia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular and Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Teng Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Li Mao
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular and Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zi-Qing Miao
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular and Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular and Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Cheng-Bin Xiang,
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25
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Chen JH, Wei D, Lim PE. Enhanced coproduction of astaxanthin and lipids by the green microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis: Selected phytohormones as positive stimulators. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122242. [PMID: 31629282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones comprise a variety of trace bioactive compounds that can stimulate cell growth and promote metabolic shifts. In the present work, a two-stage screening strategy was innovatively established to identify positive phytohormones for enhancement of astaxanthin and lipid coproduction in microplate-based cultures of mixotrophic Chromochloris zofingiensis. The results showed that auxins were the most efficient stimulators for astaxanthin accumulation. The maximum content of 13.1 mg/g and yield of 89.9 mg/L were obtained using indole propionic acid (10 mg/L) and indoleacetic acid (7.8 mg/L), representing the highest levels of astaxanthin in this microalga reported to date. Total lipids with the highest content (64.5% DW) and productivity (445.7 mg/L/d) were coproduced with astaxanthin using indoleacetic acid. Statistical analysis revealed close relations between phytohormones and astaxanthin and lipid biosynthesis. This study provides a novel original strategy for improving astaxanthin and lipid coproduction in C. zofingiensis using the selected phytohormones as positive stimulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gheysen G, Mitchum MG. Phytoparasitic Nematode Control of Plant Hormone Pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1212-1226. [PMID: 30397024 PMCID: PMC6446774 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytoparasitic nematodes use multiple tactics to influence phytohormone physiology and alter plant developmental programs to establish feeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godelieve Gheysen
- Ghent University, Department of Biotechnology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melissa G Mitchum
- University of Missouri, Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,3-Dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)butan-2-One Derivatives as Plant Growth Regulators. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Transcriptome analysis of miRNAs expression reveals novel insights into adventitious root formation in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2893-2905. [PMID: 30864113 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-regulated gene expression plays an important role in various plant metabolic processes. Although adventitious roots are critical to plant growth in lotus, the role of miRNA in AR formation remains unclear. Expression profiling of miRNAs was carried out during three different developmental stages of ARs in lotus: no induction of AR stage, initial stage of ARs, and maximum number of ARs. These data are referenced with the whole lotus genome as already identified through high-throughput tag-sequencing. 1.3 × 107 tags were achieved, of which 11,035,798, 11,436,062, and 12,542,392 clean tags were obtained from each stage, respectively. miRNA analysis revealed that miRNAs were less than 10% among all small RNAs. In total, 310 miRNAs (240 up-regulated and 70 down-regulated miRNAs) exhibited expression changes from the no induction stage to the initial stage. Moreover, expression of 140 miRNAs was increased and that of 123 miRNAs was decreased between the initial and maximum AR stages, mostly by ~ - 4-4-fold. miRNAs involved in metabolic pathways differed between the initial stage/no induction stage and the maximum number stage/initial stage. Several miRNAs in the initial stage/no induction stage were related to plant hormone metabolism and pyruvate and MAPK pathways, while major miRNAs in the maximum number stage/initial stage were involved in carbohydrate metabolism. All differentially expressed miRNAs associated with AR formation from the initial stage to maximum stage were also analyzed. The expression of 16 miRNAs was determined using qRT-PCR. This work provides a general insight into miRNA regulation during AR formation in lotus.
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Méndez-Bravo A, Ruiz-Herrera LF, Cruz-Ramírez A, Guzman P, Martínez-Trujillo M, Ortiz-Castro R, López-Bucio J. CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 and PIN2 act in a coordinate manner to support the indeterminate root growth and meristem cell proliferating activity in Arabidopsis seedlings. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:175-186. [PMID: 30823995 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene induces auxin biosynthesis and transport and modulates root growth and branching. However, its function on root stem cells and the identity of interacting factors for the control of meristem activity remains unclear. Genetic analysis for primary root growth in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and ethylene-related mutants showed that the loss-of-function of CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) inhibits cell division and elongation. This phenotype is associated with an increase in the expression of the auxin transporter PIN2 and a drastic decrease in the expression of key factors for stem cell niche maintenance such as PLETHORA1, SHORT ROOT and SCARECROW. While the root stem cell niche is affected in ctr1 mutants, its maintenance is severely compromised in the ctr1-1eir1-1(pin2) double mutant, in which an evident loss of proliferative capacity of the meristematic cells leads to a fully differentiated root meristem shortly after germination. Root traits affected in ctr1-1 mutants could be restored in ctr1-1ein2-1 double mutants. These results reveal that ethylene perception via CTR1 and EIN2 in the root modulates the proliferative capacity of root stem cells via affecting the expression of genes involved in the two major pathways, AUX-PIN-PLT and SCR-SHR, which are key factors for proper root stem cell niche maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Méndez-Bravo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - León Francisco Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Campus Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Plinio Guzman
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Campus Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Miguel Martínez-Trujillo
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Randy Ortiz-Castro
- Red de estudios moleculares avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, C. P. 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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30
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Harkey AF, Yoon GM, Seo DH, DeLong A, Muday GK. Light Modulates Ethylene Synthesis, Signaling, and Downstream Transcriptional Networks to Control Plant Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1094. [PMID: 31572414 PMCID: PMC6751313 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by ethylene in dark-grown seedlings was the basis of elegant screens that identified ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis mutants, which remained tall even when treated with high concentrations of ethylene. This simple approach proved invaluable for identification and molecular characterization of major players in the ethylene signaling and response pathway, including receptors and downstream signaling proteins, as well as transcription factors that mediate the extensive transcriptional remodeling observed in response to elevated ethylene. However, the dark-adapted early developmental stage used in these experiments represents only a small segment of a plant's life cycle. After a seedling's emergence from the soil, light signaling pathways elicit a switch in developmental programming and the hormonal circuitry that controls it. Accordingly, ethylene levels and responses diverge under these different environmental conditions. In this review, we compare and contrast ethylene synthesis, perception, and response in light and dark contexts, including the molecular mechanisms linking light responses to ethylene biology. One powerful method to identify similarities and differences in these important regulatory processes is through comparison of transcriptomic datasets resulting from manipulation of ethylene levels or signaling under varying light conditions. We performed a meta-analysis of multiple transcriptomic datasets to uncover transcriptional responses to ethylene that are both light-dependent and light-independent. We identified a core set of 139 transcripts with robust and consistent responses to elevated ethylene across three root-specific datasets. This "gold standard" group of ethylene-regulated transcripts includes mRNAs encoding numerous proteins that function in ethylene signaling and synthesis, but also reveals a number of previously uncharacterized gene products that may contribute to ethylene response phenotypes. Understanding these light-dependent differences in ethylene signaling and synthesis will provide greater insight into the roles of ethylene in growth and development across the entire plant life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria F. Harkey
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Gyeong Mee Yoon
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dong Hye Seo
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Alison DeLong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gloria K. Muday
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Gloria K. Muday,
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31
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Qin L, Walk TC, Han P, Chen L, Zhang S, Li Y, Hu X, Xie L, Yang Y, Liu J, Lu X, Yu C, Tian J, Shaff JE, Kochian LV, Liao X, Liao H. Adaption of Roots to Nitrogen Deficiency Revealed by 3D Quantification and Proteomic Analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:329-347. [PMID: 30455286 PMCID: PMC6324228 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is an important oil crop worldwide. However, severe inhibition of rapeseed production often occurs in the field due to nitrogen (N) deficiency. The root system is the main organ to acquire N for plant growth, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying rapeseed root adaptions to N deficiency. Here, dynamic changes in root architectural traits of N-deficient rapeseed plants were evaluated by 3D in situ quantification. Root proteome responses to N deficiency were analyzed by the tandem mass tag-based proteomics method, and related proteins were characterized further. Under N deficiency, rapeseed roots become longer, with denser cells in the meristematic zone and larger cells in the elongation zone of root tips, and also become softer with reduced solidity. A total of 171 and 755 differentially expressed proteins were identified in short- and long-term N-deficient roots, respectively. The abundance of proteins involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis was highly enhanced, but most identified peroxidases were reduced in the N-deficient roots. Notably, peroxidase activities also were decreased, which might promote root elongation while lowering the solidity of N-deficient roots. These results were consistent with the cell wall components measured in the N-deficient roots. Further functional analysis using transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants demonstrated that the two root-related differentially expressed proteins contribute to the enhanced root growth under N deficiency conditions. These results provide insights into the global changes of rapeseed root responses to N deficiency and may facilitate the development of rapeseed cultivars with high N use efficiency through root-based genetic improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | | | - Peipei Han
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2703
| | - Yinshui Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaojia Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Jiping Liu
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changbing Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jon E Shaff
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Leon V Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Xing Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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32
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Auxin Controlled by Ethylene Steers Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113656. [PMID: 30463285 PMCID: PMC6274790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Roots are important plant ground organs, which absorb water and nutrients to control plant growth and development. Phytohormones have been known to play a crucial role in the regulation of root growth, such as auxin and ethylene, which are central regulators of this process. Recent findings have revealed that root development and elongation regulated by ethylene are auxin dependent through alterations of auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the study of auxin and auxin⁻ethylene crosstalk in plant root development, demonstrating that auxin and ethylene act synergistically to control primary root and root hair growth, but function antagonistically in lateral root formation. Moreover, ethylene modulates auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling to fine-tune root growth and development. Thus, this review steps up the understanding of the regulation of auxin and ethylene in root growth.
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Hu Z, Wang R, Zheng M, Liu X, Meng F, Wu H, Yao Y, Xin M, Peng H, Ni Z, Sun Q. TaWRKY51 promotes lateral root formation through negative regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:372-388. [PMID: 30044519 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple food crop worldwide. Lateral roots (LRs), as the major component of root architecture, affect water and nutrient uptake in wheat. The phytohormone ethylene is known to affect LR formation; however, the factor(s) modulating ethylene during this process have not yet been elucidated in wheat. Here we identified wheat TaWRKY51 as a key factor that functions in LR formation by modulating ethylene biosynthesis. Wheat TaWRKY51RNA interference lines (TaWRKY51-RNAi) and the homozygous mutants tawrky51-2a and tawrky51-2b all produced fewer LRs than the wild type and negative transgenic plants, whereas the TaWRKY51 overexpression lines (TaWRKY51-OE) had the opposite phenotype. Transcription analysis revealed that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) genes (TaACS2, TaACS7 and TaACS8) involved in ethylene biosynthesis were downregulated in TaWRKY51-OE lines but upregulated in TaWRKY51-RNAi lines. The rate of ethylene production also decreased in TaWRKY51-OE lines but increased in TaWRKY51-RNAi lines compared with their respective negative transgenic controls. Electrophoretic mobility shift and transient expression assays revealed that TaWRKY51 inhibits the expression of ACS genes by binding to the W-box cis-element present in their promoter region. Moreover, overexpression of ACS2 or exogenous application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid reversed the phenotype of enhanced LR number in TaWRKY51-OE Arabidopsis lines, and overexpression of TaWRKY51 in the ethylene-overproducing mutant eto1-1 rescued its LR defect phenotype. In addition, genetic evidence demonstrates that TaWRKY51-regulated LR formation is also dependent on ethylene and auxin signaling pathways. Our findings reveal a molecular genetic mechanism by which a WRKY gene coordinates ethylene production and LR formation in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingbei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hualing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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34
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Waseem M, Ahmad F, Habib S, Li Z. Genome-wide identification of the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family in pepper, its characterisation, and comprehensive expression profiling under environmental and phytohormones stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12008. [PMID: 30104758 PMCID: PMC6089902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin is an essential phytohormone that plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants in stressful environments. Here, we analysed the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family, which produces auxin in pepper, and succeeded in identifying 27 putative members containing four conserved domains (I. II. III and IV) in their protein sequences. Sequence analysis, chromosomal mapping and motif prediction of all identified CaAux/IAA genes were performed. It was observed that these genes contained four conserved motifs divided into nine different groups and distributed across nine chromosomes in pepper plants. RNA-seq analysis revealed the organ specific expression of many CaAux/IAA genes. However, the majority of genes were expressed with high expression levels in the early stages of fruit development. However, the maximum expression level of the CA03g34540 gene was observed in the breaker stage. Moreover, thirteen CaAux/IAA genes were labelled as early responsive genes to various phytohormone and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis in response to pathogen inoculation (PepMoV, TMV strains P0/P1, and Phytophthora capsici) showed distinct expression profiles of all identified genes, suggesting the diverse expression nature of genes under these stress conditions. Overall, this study provides insight into the dynamic response of CaAux/IAA genes under environmental and phytohormones stress conditions, providing bases to further explore the importance of these genes through mutant/transgenic analysis in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Fiaz Ahmad
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Habib
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
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35
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Zhang L, Li G, Wang M, Di D, Sun L, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W. Excess iron stress reduces root tip zone growth through nitric oxide-mediated repression of potassium homeostasis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:259-274. [PMID: 29658100 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The root tip zone is regarded as the principal action site for iron (Fe) toxicity and is more sensitive than other root zones, but the mechanism underpinning this remains largely unknown. We explored the mechanism underpinning the higher sensitivity at the Arabidopsis root tip and elucidated the role of nitric oxide (NO) using NO-related mutants and pharmacological methods. Higher Fe sensitivity of the root tip is associated with reduced potassium (K+ ) retention. NO in root tips is increased significantly above levels elsewhere in the root and is involved in the arrest of primary root tip zone growth under excess Fe, at least in part related to NO-induced K+ loss via SNO1 (sensitive to nitric oxide 1)/SOS4 (salt overly sensitive 4) and reduced root tip zone cell viability. Moreover, ethylene can antagonize excess Fe-inhibited root growth and K+ efflux, in part by the control of root tip NO levels. We conclude that excess Fe attenuates root growth by effecting an increase in root tip zone NO, and that this attenuation is related to NO-mediated alterations in K+ homeostasis, partly via SNO1/SOS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dongwei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Singh N, Bhatla SC. Nitric oxide regulates lateral root formation through modulation of ACC oxidase activity in sunflower seedlings under salt stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1473683. [PMID: 29939832 PMCID: PMC6103280 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1473683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is established as a modulator of various developmental processes in plants through its interaction with multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomolecules. Lateral root (LR) induction and extension in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has been observed to be governed by a probable crosstalk between NO and ethylene biosynthesizing enzyme-ACC oxidase. NaCl (120 mM) stress not only lowers LR induction but also reduces their extension growth. Quenching of endogenous NO by raising seedlings in presence of 40 µM hemoglobin in the growth medium does not affect LR induction but lowers their extension growth. NaCl stress and NO depletion have additive effects on the enhancement of ACC oxidase activity, leading to enhanced ethylene biosynthesis. Role of NO has been further confirmed by raising sunflower seedlings in the presence of 20-60 µM of two NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA). LR extension growth was higher with DETA than SNP as NO donor at 40 µM. Iron-deficiency also promoted LR proliferation. It also significantly lowered ACC oxidase activity in the seedling roots in response to salt stress. Based on the present findings it is proposed that salt stress-mediated LR proliferation is regulated by NO through its binding with ACC oxidase (an iron-containing enzyme). This results in the formation of a stable ternary complex (ACC-ACC oxidase-NO) which leads to the reduction in ethylene biosynthesis. Lesser availability of ethylene consequently brings about enhanced LR formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-India
| | - Sathish C. Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-India
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Cheng L, Jiang R, Yang J, Xu X, Zeng H, Li S. Transcriptome profiling reveals an IAA-regulated response to adventitious root formation in lotus seedling. Z NATURFORSCH C 2018; 73:229-240. [PMID: 29432208 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adventitious roots (ARs) of lotus (Nelumbonucifera Gaertn.) play a critical role in water and nutrient uptake. We found that exogenously applied 10-μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) promoted the formation of ARs, while 150-μM IAA significantly inhibited the emergence of ARs. However, little is known about these different responses to various concentrations of IAA at the molecular level. This study, therefore, examined the gene expression profiling in four libraries treated with 10- and 150-μM IAA based on the high-throughout tag sequencing technique. Approximately 2.4×107 clean tags were obtained after the removal of low-quality tags from each library respectively, among which about 10% clean tags were unambiguous tag-mapped genes to the reference genes. We found that some genes involved in auxin metabolism showed a similar tendency for expression in the A/CK and C/CK libraries, while three genes were enhanced their expression only in the A/CK libraries. Two transcription factors including B3 domain-containing protein At2g36080-like and trihelix transcription factor were up-regulated for transcriptional level in the A/C libraries. The expressions of six important genes related to AR formation were significantly different in the A/CK and C/CK libraries. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of gene expression regulated by IAA involved in AR formation in lotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libao Cheng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Runzhi Jiang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zeng
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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38
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Qiao F, Jiang XF, Cong HQ, Sun HP, Li L, Nick P. Cell shape can be uncoupled from formononetin induction in a novel cell line from Callerya speciosa. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:665-676. [PMID: 29354881 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is the first time that formononetin produced by cell culture and its accumulation was shown to be triggered by specific stress signalling linked jasmonate pathway. Callerya speciosa, an endangered traditional Chinese medicine plant, is intensively used in traditional folk medicine. To develop sustainable alternatives for the overexploitation of natural resources, a suspension cell line was created from C. speciosa. Ingredients of C. speciosa, for instance the isoflavone formononetin, are formed during a peculiar swelling response of the root, which is considered as a quality trait for commercial application. A cell strain with elongated cells was obtained by using synthetic cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and synthetic auxin picloram. Both, picloram and 6-BA, promote cell division, whereas picloram was shown to be crucial for the maintenance of axial cell expansion. We addressed the question, whether the loss of axiality observed in the maturating root is necessary and sufficient for the accumulation of formononetin. While we were able to mimic a loss of axiality for cell expansion, either by specific combinations of 6-BA and picloram, or by treatment with the anti-microtubular compound oryzalin, formononetin was not detectable. However, formononetin could be induced by the stress hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA), as well as by the bacterial elicitor flagellin peptide (flg22), but not by a necrosis inducing protein. Combined the fact that none of these treatments induced the loss of axiality, we conclude that formononetin accumulates in response to basal defence and unrelated with cell swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 517317, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Fei Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Qing Cong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 517317, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 517317, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 517317, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Dou L, He K, Higaki T, Wang X, Mao T. Ethylene Signaling Modulates Cortical Microtubule Reassembly in Response to Salt Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2071-2081. [PMID: 29431630 PMCID: PMC5841701 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cortical microtubule reorganization is essential for plant cell survival under high salinity conditions. In response to salt stress, microtubules undergo rapid depolymerization followed by reassembly to form a new microtubule network that promotes cell survival; however, the upstream regulatory mechanisms for this recovery response are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that ethylene signaling facilitates salt stress-induced reassembly of cortical microtubules in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Microtubule depolymerization was not affected under salt stress following the suppression of ethylene signaling with Ag+ or in ethylene-insensitive mutants, whereas microtubule reassembly was significantly inhibited. ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3, a key transcription factor in the ethylene signaling pathway, was shown to play a central role in microtubule reassembly under salt stress. In addition, we performed functional characterization of the microtubule-stabilizing protein WAVE-DAMPENED2-LIKE5 (WDL5), which was found to promote ethylene-associated microtubule reassembly and plant salt stress tolerance. These findings indicate that ethylene signaling regulates microtubule reassembly by up-regulating WDL5 expression in response to salt stress, thereby implicating ethylene signaling in salt-stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liru Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - KaiKai He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Takumi Higaki
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuou-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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40
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Nascimento FX, Rossi MJ, Glick BR. Ethylene and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) in Plant-Bacterial Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:114. [PMID: 29520283 PMCID: PMC5827301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene and its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) actively participate in plant developmental, defense and symbiotic programs. In this sense, ethylene and ACC play a central role in the regulation of bacterial colonization (rhizospheric, endophytic, and phyllospheric) by the modulation of plant immune responses and symbiotic programs, as well as by modulating several developmental processes, such as root elongation. Plant-associated bacterial communities impact plant growth and development, both negatively (pathogens) and positively (plant-growth promoting and symbiotic bacteria). Some members of the plant-associated bacterial community possess the ability to modulate plant ACC and ethylene levels and, subsequently, modify plant defense responses, symbiotic programs and overall plant development. In this work, we review and discuss the role of ethylene and ACC in several aspects of plant-bacterial interactions. Understanding the impact of ethylene and ACC in both the plant host and its associated bacterial community is key to the development of new strategies aimed at increased plant growth and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X. Nascimento
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Márcio J. Rossi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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41
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Characterization of the CCT family and analysis of gene expression in Aegilops tauschii. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189333. [PMID: 29220383 PMCID: PMC5722339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering is crucial for reproductive success in flowering plant. The CCT domain-containing genes widely participate in the regulation of flowering process in various plant species. So far, the CCT family in common wheat is largely unknown. Here, we characterized the structure, organization, molecular evolution and expression of the CCT genes in Aegilops tauschii, which is the D genome donor of hexaploid wheat. Twenty-six CCT genes (AetCCT) were identified from the full genome of A. tauschii and these genes were distributed on all 7 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis classified these AetCCT genes into 10 subgroups. Thirteen AetCCT members in group A, C, H and G achieved rapid evolution based on evolutionary rate analysis. The AetCCT genes respond to different exogenous hormones and abiotic treatments, the expression of AetCCT4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 19, 21 and 22 showed a significant 24 h rhythm. This study may provide a reference for common wheat's evolution, domestication and evolvement rules, and also help us to understand the ecological adaptability of A. tauschii.
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42
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Qiao L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Li X, Chang J, Zhan H, Guo H, Zheng J, Chang Z. Evolution of the Aux/IAA Gene Family in Hexaploid Wheat. J Mol Evol 2017; 85:107-119. [PMID: 29085968 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-017-9810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Aux/IAA (IAA) gene family, involved in the auxin signalling pathway, acts as an important regulator in plant growth and development. In this study, we explored the evolutionary trajectory of the IAA family in common wheat. The results showed ten pairs of paralogs among 34 TaIAA family members. Seven of the pairs might have undergone segmental duplication, and the other three pairs appear to have experienced tandem duplication. Except for TaIAA15-16, these duplication events occurred in the ancestral genomes before the divergence of Triticeae. After that point, two polyploidization events shaped the current TaIAA family consisting of three subgenomic copies. The structure or expression pattern of the TaIAA family begins to differentiate in the hexaploid genome, where TaIAAs in the D genome lost more genes (eight) and protein secondary structures (α1, α3 and β5) than did the other two genomes. Expression analysis showed that six members of the TaIAA family were not expressed, and members such as TaIAA8, 15, 16, 28 and 33 exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns. In addition, three of the ten pairs of paralogs (TaIAA5-12, TaIAA15-16 and TaIAA29-30) showed similar expression patterns, and another five paralog pairs displayed differential expression patterns. Phylogenetic analysis showed that paralog pairs with high rates of evolution (ω > ω 0), particularly TaIAA15-16 and TaIAA29-30, experienced greater motif loss, with only zero to two interacting IAA proteins. In contrast, most paralogous genes with low ω, such as TaIAA5-12, had more complete motifs and higher degrees of interaction with other family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Qiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Jianzhong Chang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Haixian Zhan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
| | - Zhijian Chang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
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43
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Tardieu F, Parent B. Predictable 'meta-mechanisms' emerge from feedbacks between transpiration and plant growth and cannot be simply deduced from short-term mechanisms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:846-857. [PMID: 27569520 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Growth under water deficit is controlled by short-term mechanisms but, because of numerous feedbacks, the combination of these mechanisms over time often results in outputs that cannot be deduced from the simple inspection of individual mechanisms. It can be analysed with dynamic models in which causal relationships between variables are considered at each time-step, allowing calculation of outputs that are routed back to inputs for the next time-step and that can change the system itself. We first review physiological mechanisms involved in seven feedbacks of transpiration on plant growth, involving changes in tissue hydraulic conductance, stomatal conductance, plant architecture and underlying factors such as hormones or aquaporins. The combination of these mechanisms over time can result in non-straightforward conclusions as shown by examples of simulation outputs: 'over production of abscisic acid (ABA) can cause a lower concentration of ABA in the xylem sap ', 'decreasing root hydraulic conductance when evaporative demand is maximum can improve plant performance' and 'rapid root growth can decrease yield'. Systems of equations simulating feedbacks over numerous time-steps result in logical and reproducible emergent properties that can be viewed as 'meta-mechanisms' at plant level, which have similar roles as mechanisms at cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tardieu
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Montpellier, F-34060, France
| | - Boris Parent
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Montpellier, F-34060, France
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44
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Kovaleva LV, Zakharova EV, Voronkov AS, Timofeeva GV. Auxin abolishes inhibitory effects of methylcyclopropen and amino oxyacetic acid on pollen grain germination, pollen tube growth, and the synthesis of ACC in petunia. Russ J Dev Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360417020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Hu Y, Vandenbussche F, Van Der Straeten D. Regulation of seedling growth by ethylene and the ethylene-auxin crosstalk. PLANTA 2017; 245:467-489. [PMID: 28188422 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights that the auxin gradient, established by local auxin biosynthesis and transport, can be controlled by ethylene, and steers seedling growth. A better understanding of the mechanisms in Arabidopsis will increase potential applications in crop species. In dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings, exogenous ethylene treatment triggers an exaggeration of the apical hook, the inhibition of both hypocotyl and root elongation, and radial swelling of the hypocotyl. These features are predominantly based on the differential cell elongation in different cells/tissues mediated by an auxin gradient. Interestingly, the physiological responses regulated by ethylene and auxin crosstalk can be either additive or synergistic, as in primary root and root hair elongation, or antagonistic, as in hypocotyl elongation. This review focuses on the crosstalk of these two hormones at the seedling stage. Before illustrating the crosstalk, ethylene and auxin biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and signaling are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Hu
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Vandenbussche
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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46
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Street IH, Mathews DE, Yamburkenko MV, Sorooshzadeh A, John RT, Swarup R, Bennett MJ, Kieber JJ, Schaller GE. Cytokinin acts through the auxin influx carrier AUX1 to regulate cell elongation in the root. Development 2016; 143:3982-3993. [PMID: 27697901 DOI: 10.1242/dev.132035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal interactions are crucial for plant development. In Arabidopsis, cytokinins inhibit root growth through effects on cell proliferation and cell elongation. Here, we define key mechanistic elements in a regulatory network by which cytokinin inhibits root cell elongation in concert with the hormones auxin and ethylene. The auxin importer AUX1 functions as a positive regulator of cytokinin responses in the root; mutation of AUX1 specifically affects the ability of cytokinin to inhibit cell elongation but not cell proliferation. AUX1 is required for cytokinin-dependent changes of auxin activity in the lateral root cap associated with the control of cell elongation. Cytokinin regulates root cell elongation through ethylene-dependent and -independent mechanisms, both hormonal signals converging on AUX1 as a regulatory hub. An autoregulatory circuit is identified involving the control of ARR10 and AUX1 expression by cytokinin and auxin, this circuit potentially functioning as an oscillator to integrate the effects of these two hormones. Taken together, our results uncover several regulatory circuits controlling interactions of cytokinin with auxin and ethylene, and support a model in which cytokinin regulates shootward auxin transport to control cell elongation and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Street
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Dennis E Mathews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Maria V Yamburkenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ali Sorooshzadeh
- Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshen T John
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ranjan Swarup
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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47
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Kyndt T, Goverse A, Haegeman A, Warmerdam S, Wanjau C, Jahani M, Engler G, de Almeida Engler J, Gheysen G. Redirection of auxin flow in Arabidopsis thaliana roots after infection by root-knot nematodes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4559-70. [PMID: 27312670 PMCID: PMC4973730 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes induce the formation of giant cells within the plant root, and it has been recognized that auxin accumulates in these feeding sites. Here, we studied the role of the auxin transport system governed by AUX1/LAX3 influx proteins and different PIN efflux proteins during feeding site development in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Data generated via promoter-reporter line and protein localization analyses evoke a model in which auxin is being imported at the basipetal side of the feeding site by the concerted action of the influx proteins AUX1 and LAX3, and the efflux protein PIN3. Mutants in auxin influx proteins AUX1 and LAX3 bear significantly fewer and smaller galls, revealing that auxin import into the feeding sites is needed for their development and expansion. The feeding site development in auxin export (PIN) mutants was only slightly hampered. Expression of some PINs appears to be suppressed in galls, probably to prevent auxin drainage. Nevertheless, a functional PIN4 gene seems to be a prerequisite for proper nematode development and gall expansion, most likely by removing excessive auxin to stabilize the hormone level in the feeding site. Our data also indicate a role of local auxin peaks in nematode attraction towards the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kyndt
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aska Goverse
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Haegeman
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonja Warmerdam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Wanjau
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mona Jahani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Engler
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Janice de Almeida Engler
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Le Deunff E, Lecourt J. Non-specificity of ethylene inhibitors: 'double-edged' tools to find out new targets involved in the root morphogenetic programme. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:353-61. [PMID: 26434926 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, genetic and pharmacological approaches have been used to explore ethylene biosynthesis and perception in order to study the role of ethylene and ethylene/auxin interaction in root architecture development. However, recent findings with pharmacological approaches highlight the non-specificity of commonly used inhibitors. This suggests that caution is required for interpreting these studies and that the use of pharmacological agents is a 'double-edged' tool. On one hand, non-specific effects make interpretation difficult unless other experiments, such as with different mutants or with multiple diversely acting chemicals, are conducted. On the other hand, the non-specificity of inhibitors opens up the possibility of uncovering some ligands or modulators of new receptors such as plant glutamate-like receptors and importance of some metabolic hubs in carbon and nitrogen metabolism such as the pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis involved in the regulation of the root morphogenetic programme. Identification of such targets is a critical issue to improve the efficiency of absorption of macronutrients in relation to root the morphogenetic programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Le Deunff
- Normandie Université, UMR EVA, F-14032, Caen cedex, France
- INRA, UMR 950, Écophysiologie Végétale & Agronomie, Nutritions NCS, INRA F-14032 Caen cedex, France
| | - J Lecourt
- East Malling Research, East Malling, Kent, UK
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Habermann E, Pontes FC, Pereira VC, Imatomi M, Gualtieri SCJ. Phytotoxic potential of young leaves from Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg (Myrtaceae). BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:531-8. [PMID: 26959947 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of leaves by plant species found in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) is an energetically expensive process due to adverse environmental conditions and predation by herbivory. The mature leaves have adaptations which minimize these events. However, the young individuals lack these structures and produce high leaf concentrations of secondary metabolites as a form of protection. These compounds can be used in bioprospection of natural herbicides. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxicity of hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of young leaves from Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg on the elongation of wheat coleoptiles (Triticum aestivum L.) and evaluate the potential phytotoxic of ethyl acetate extract on germination, growth and cell size of metaxylem of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seedlings. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts inhibited the elongation of wheat coleoptiles at all concentrations; however, the most promising results were observed in coleoptile fragments treated with the ethyl acetate extract. This treatment changed the mean germination time and the synchrony of sesame seeds, inhibited the growth of shoots and roots, reduced the dry weight of seedlings, led to abnormalities in the seedlings and reduced the length of the metaxylem cells in the sesame seedlings. These results demonstrated the phytotoxic potential of young leaf extracts of B. salicifolius and the high phytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate extract in the initial development of S. indicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Habermann
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - F C Pontes
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - V C Pereira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M Imatomi
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - S C J Gualtieri
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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50
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Garnica-Vergara A, Barrera-Ortiz S, Muñoz-Parra E, Raya-González J, Méndez-Bravo A, Macías-Rodríguez L, Ruiz-Herrera LF, López-Bucio J. The volatile 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one from Trichoderma atroviride regulates Arabidopsis thaliana root morphogenesis via auxin signaling and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 functioning. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1496-512. [PMID: 26568541 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact with root microbes via chemical signaling, which modulates competence or symbiosis. Although several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fungi may affect plant growth and development, the signal transduction pathways mediating VOC sensing are not fully understood. 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP) is a major VOC biosynthesized by Trichoderma spp. which is probably involved in plant-fungus cross-kingdom signaling. Using microscopy and confocal imaging, the effects of 6-PP on root morphogenesis were found to be correlated with DR5:GFP, DR5:VENUS, H2B::GFP, PIN1::PIN1::GFP, PIN2::PIN2::GFP, PIN3::PIN3::GFP and PIN7::PIN7::GFP gene expression. A genetic screen for primary root growth resistance to 6-PP in wild-type seedlings and auxin- and ethylene-related mutants allowed identification of genes controlling root architectural responses to this metabolite. Trichoderma atroviride produced 6-PP, which promoted plant growth and regulated root architecture, inhibiting primary root growth and inducing lateral root formation. 6-PP modulated expression of PIN auxin-transport proteins in a specific and dose-dependent manner in primary roots. TIR1, AFB2 and AFB3 auxin receptors and ARF7 and ARF19 transcription factors influenced the lateral root response to 6-PP, whereas EIN2 modulated 6-PP sensing in primary roots. These results indicate that root responses to 6-PP involve components of auxin transport and signaling and the ethylene-response modulator EIN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Garnica-Vergara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. CP 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Salvador Barrera-Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. CP 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Edith Muñoz-Parra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. CP 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Javier Raya-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. CP 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Alejandro Méndez-Bravo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. CP 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. CP 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - León Francisco Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. CP 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. CP 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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