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Ma Y, Ma C, Zhou P, Gao F, Tan W, Huang X, Bai Y, Li M, Wang Z, Hayat F, Shi T, Ni Z, Gao Z. PmLBD3 links auxin and brassinosteroid signalling pathways on dwarfism in Prunus mume. BMC Biol 2024; 22:184. [PMID: 39183294 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grafting with dwarf rootstock is an efficient method to control plant height in fruit production. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study showed that plants with Prunus mume (mume) rootstock exhibited a considerable reduction in plant height, internode length, and number of nodes compared with Prunus persica (peach) rootstock. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism behind the regulation of plant height by mume rootstocks through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses with two grafting combinations, 'Longyan/Mume' and 'Longyan/Peach'. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in brassinolide levels in plants that were grafted onto mume rootstocks. Plant hormone signal transduction and brassinolide production metabolism gene expression also changed significantly. Flavonoid levels, amino acid and fatty acid metabolites, and energy metabolism in dwarf plants decreased. There was a notable upregulation of PmLBD3 gene expression in plant specimens that were subjected to grafting onto mume rootstocks. Auxin signalling cues promoted PmARF3 transcription, which directly controlled this upregulation. Through its binding to PmBAS1 and PmSAUR36a gene promoters, PmLBD3 promoted endogenous brassinolide inactivation and inhibited cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Auxin signalling and brassinolide levels are linked by PmLBD3. Our findings showed that PmLBD3 is a key transcription factor that regulates the balance of hormones through the auxin and brassinolide signalling pathways and causes dwarf plants in stone fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Ma
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengdong Ma
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minglu Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaojun Ni
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihong Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Xu C. The Oryza sativa transcriptome responds spatiotemporally to polystyrene nanoplastic stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172449. [PMID: 38615784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastic represents an emerging abiotic stress facing modern agriculture, impacting global crop production. However, the molecular response of crop plants to this stress remains poorly understood at a spatiotemporal resolution. We therefore used RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptome expressed in rice (Oryza sativa) root and leaf organs at 1, 2, 4, and 8 d post exposure with nanoplastic. We revealed a striking similarity between the rice biomass dynamics in aboveground parts to that in belowground parts during nanoplastic stress, but transcriptome did not. At the global transcriptomic level, a total of 2332 differentially expressed genes were identified, with the majority being spatiotemporal specific, reflecting that nanoplastics predominantly regulate three processes in rice seedlings: (1) down-regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and starch, sucrose and nitrogen metabolism, (2) activation of defense responses such as brassinosteroid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and (3) modulation of jasmonic acid and cytokinin signaling pathways by transcription factors. Notably, the genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction were shown to be successively modulated by both root and leaf organs, particularly plant disease defense genes (OsWRKY24, OsWRKY53, Os4CL3, OsPAL4, and MPK5), possibly indicating that nanoplastics affect rice growth indirectly through other biota. Finally, we associated biomass phenotypes with the temporal reprogramming of rice transcriptome by weighted gene co-expression network analysis, noting a significantly correlation with photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis that may reflect the mechanisms of biomass reduction. Functional analysis further identified PsbY, MYB, cytochrome P450, and AP2/ERF as hub genes governing these pathways. Overall, our work provides the understanding of molecular mechanisms of rice in response to nanoplastics, which in turn suggests how rice might behave in a nanoplastic pollution scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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3
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Monterisi S, Garcia-Perez P, Buffagni V, Zuluaga MYA, Ciriello M, Formisano L, El-Nakhel C, Cardarelli M, Colla G, Rouphael Y, Cristofano F, Cesco S, Lucini L, Pii Y. Unravelling the biostimulant activity of a protein hydrolysate in lettuce plants under optimal and low N availability: a multi-omics approach. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14357. [PMID: 38775128 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The application of protein hydrolysates (PH) biostimulants is considered a promising approach to promote crop growth and resilience against abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, PHs bioactivity depends on both the raw material used for their preparation and the molecular fraction applied. The present research aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms triggered by applying a PH and its fractions on plants subjected to nitrogen limitations. To this objective, an integrated transcriptomic-metabolomic approach was used to assess lettuce plants grown under different nitrogen levels and treated with either the commercial PH Vegamin® or its molecular fractions PH1(>10 kDa), PH2 (1-10 kDa) and PH3 (<1 kDa). Regardless of nitrogen provision, biostimulant application enhanced lettuce biomass, likely through a hormone-like activity. This was confirmed by the modulation of genes involved in auxin and cytokinin synthesis, mirrored by an increase in the metabolic levels of these hormones. Consistently, PH and PH3 upregulated genes involved in cell wall growth and plasticity. Furthermore, the accumulation of specific metabolites suggested the activation of a multifaceted antioxidant machinery. Notwithstanding, the modulation of stress-response transcription factors and genes involved in detoxification processes was observed. The coordinated action of these molecular entities might underpin the increased resilience of lettuce plants against nitrogen-limiting conditions. In conclusion, integrating omics techniques allowed the elucidation of mechanistic aspects underlying PH bioactivity in crops. Most importantly, the comparison of PH with its fraction PH3 showed that, except for a few peculiarities, the effects induced were equivalent, suggesting that the highest bioactivity was ascribable to the lightest molecular fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Monterisi
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pascual Garcia-Perez
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Valentina Buffagni
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Francesco Cristofano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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4
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Zhang X, Meng W, Liu D, Pan D, Yang Y, Chen Z, Ma X, Yin W, Niu M, Dong N, Liu J, Shen W, Liu Y, Lu Z, Chu C, Qian Q, Zhao M, Tong H. Enhancing rice panicle branching and grain yield through tissue-specific brassinosteroid inhibition. Science 2024; 383:eadk8838. [PMID: 38452087 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk8838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Crop yield potential is constrained by the inherent trade-offs among traits such as between grain size and number. Brassinosteroids (BRs) promote grain size, yet their role in regulating grain number is unclear. By deciphering the clustered-spikelet rice germplasm, we show that activation of the BR catabolic gene BRASSINOSTEROID-DEFICIENT DWARF3 (BRD3) markedly increases grain number. We establish a molecular pathway in which the BR signaling inhibitor GSK3/SHAGGY-LIKE KINASE2 phosphorylates and stabilizes OsMADS1 transcriptional factor, which targets TERMINAL FLOWER1-like gene RICE CENTRORADIALIS2. The tissue-specific activation of BRD3 in the secondary branch meristems enhances panicle branching, minimizing negative effects on grain size, and improves grain yield. Our study showcases the power of tissue-specific hormonal manipulation in dismantling the trade-offs among various traits and thus unleashing crop yield potential in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dapu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dezhuo Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoding Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nana Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Zefu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingfu Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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5
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Zhang W, Wu M, Zhong X, Liu Y, Yang X, Cai W, Zhu K, Zhang H, Gu J, Wang Z, Liu L, Zhang J, Yang J. Involvement of brassinosteroids and abscisic acid in spikelet degeneration in rice under soil drying during meiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1580-1600. [PMID: 38035729 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Spikelet degeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a serious physiological defect, and can be regulated by soil moisture status and phytohormones. This study investigated the possibility that brassinosteroids (BRs) in collaboration with abscisic acid (ABA) are involved in mediating the effect of soil drying during meiosis on spikelet degeneration in rice. Three rice cultivars were field grown and three irrigation regimes including well watered (WW), moderate soil drying (MD), and severe soil drying (SD) were imposed during meiosis. MD significantly decreased spikelet degeneration in comparison with WW, due mainly to the alleviation in oxidative damage via enhancing ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle activity in young panicles, and SD exhibited the opposite effects. Enhanced AsA-GSH cycle strength, decreased oxidative stress, and spikelet degeneration rate were closely associated with the synergistically elevated BR and ABA levels in young panicles in MD. In contrast, low BR and excessive ABA levels led to an increase in spikelet degeneration in SD. The three cultivars exhibited the same tendencies. The intrinsic link among AsA-GSH cycle, oxidative stress, spikelet degeneration rate, and BR and ABA levels was further verified by using transgenic rice lines and chemical regulators. BRs or ABA play a unique role in regulating spikelet degeneration. Synergistically increased BR and ABA levels in MD could work together to strengthen AsA-GSH cycle activity, leading to a reduction in oxidative damage and spikelet degeneration. On the other hand, a severe imbalance between low BR and excessive ABA levels may have contributed to the opposite effects in SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengyin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kuanyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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6
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Li L, Li J, Liu K, Jiang C, Jin W, Ye J, Qin T, Luo B, Chen Z, Li J, Lv F, Li X, Wang H, Jin J, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Zou T, Liu H, Li S, Li P, Liang Y. DGW1, encoding an hnRNP-like RNA binding protein, positively regulates grain size and weight by interacting with GW6 mRNA. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:512-526. [PMID: 37862261 PMCID: PMC10826988 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Grain size and weight determine rice yield. Although numerous genes and pathways involved in regulating grain size have been identified, our knowledge of post-transcriptional control of grain size remains elusive. In this study, we characterize a rice mutant, decreased grain width and weight 1 (dgw1), which produces small grains. We show that DGW1 encodes a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family protein and preferentially expresses in developing panicles, positively regulating grain size by promoting cell expansion in spikelet hulls. Overexpression of DGW1 increases grain weight and grain numbers, leading to a significant rise in rice grain yield. We further demonstrate that DGW1 functions in grain size regulation by directly binding to the mRNA of Grain Width 6 (GW6), a critical grain size regulator in rice. Overexpression of GW6 restored the grain size phenotype of DGW1-knockout plants. DGW1 interacts with two oligouridylate binding proteins (OsUBP1a and OsUBP1b), which also bind the GW6 mRNA. In addition, the second RRM domain of DGW1 is indispensable for its mediated protein-RNA and protein-protein interactions. In summary, our findings identify a new regulatory module of DGW1-GW6 that regulates rice grain size and weight, providing important insights into the function of hnRNP-like proteins in the regulation of grain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jijin Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Keke Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chenglong Jiang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenhu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiangkun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tierui Qin
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Binjiu Luo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jinzhao Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fuxiang Lv
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Science in Sichuan ProvinceNeijiangChina
| | - Jinghua Jin
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiming Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jun Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ting Zou
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huainian Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yueyang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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7
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Teng S, Liu Q, Chen G, Chang Y, Cui X, Wu J, Ai P, Sun X, Zhang Z, Lu T. OsbHLH92, in the noncanonical brassinosteroid signaling pathway, positively regulates leaf angle and grain weight in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1066-1081. [PMID: 37574840 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Modifications of plant architecture can increase planting density, regulate photosynthesis, and improve crop yields. Many basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors participate in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway and are critical for plant architecture morphogenesis in rice. However, the number of identified bHLH genes suitable for improving production value is still limited. In this study, we cloned Lam1, encoding the typical bHLH transcription factor OsbHLH92. OsbHLH92 knockout (KO) lines exhibit erect leaves. Decreases in the number and size of parenchyma cell layers on the adaxial side of the lamina joint in KO lines were the main reason for the decreased leaf angle. Genetic experiments verify that OsBU1 and its homologs are downstream of OsbHLH92, which is involved in the noncanonical RGA1-mediated BR signaling pathway. OsbHLH91, an OsbHLH92 homolog, plays both conserved and differentiated roles relative to OsbHLH92. Notably, OsbHLH92-KO lines show erect leaves without the acquisition of adverse agronomic traits. Moreover, by driving a specific panicle promoter, OsbHLH92 can greatly increase productivity by at least 10%. This study identifies new components of the BR signaling pathway, demonstrates the importance of OsbHLH92 in improving planting density and crop productivity, and broadens our knowledge of typical and atypical bHLH family members in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzhen Teng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoxin Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuean Cui
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pengfei Ai
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Xuehui Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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8
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Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Qu M, Kang C. Brassinosteroid catabolic enzyme CYP734A129 regulates the morphologies of leaves and floral organs in woodland strawberry. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111788. [PMID: 37421982 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play critical roles in plant growth and development and regulate many important agronomic traits. However, the functions of BRs in strawberry are unclear. This study identified two mutants, named P6 and R87, in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) from EMS mutagenesis populations that exhibit narrow leaves, petals and sepals. Mapping by sequencing and genetic studies revealed that the F. vesca CYP734A129, encoding a putative BR catabolic enzyme, is the causative gene for both P6 and R87. Overexpression of CYP734A129 in both F. vesca and Arabidopsis causes a severe dwarf phenotype, and the BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) protein is less abundant in the CYP734A129-overexpressing Arabidopsis seedlings. This suggests that CYP734A129 is functionally conserved with CYP734A1, as a BR-inactivating enzyme. Transcriptome analysis of young leaves revealed that four BR biosynthetic genes were significantly downregulated in P6 (cyp734a129), and photosynthesis-related genes were highly enriched among the up-regulated genes in P6 compared to the wild type. This further supports that CYP734A129 inactivates BRs in F. vesca. Furthermore, we showed that mutations in CYP734A129 do not affect fruit shape and color during ripening in strawberry. Overall, our results suggest that F. vesca CYP734A129 is a BR catabolic enzyme, and provide insights into the roles of CYP734A129 in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunming Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yingxin Yuan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunying Kang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
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9
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Hua C, Xu Z, Tang N, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Li C. Identification of P450 Candidates Associated with the Biosynthesis of Physalin-Class Compounds in Physalis angulata. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14077. [PMID: 37762378 PMCID: PMC10531436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Physalis genus has long been used as traditional medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Physalins, the characteristic class of compounds in this genus, are major bioactive constituents. To date, the biogenesis of physalins remains largely unknown, except for the recently established knowledge that 24-methyldesmosterol is a precursor of physalin. To identify the genes encoding P450s that are putatively involved in converting 24-methyldesmosterol to physalins, a total of 306 P450-encoding unigenes were retrieved from our recently constructed P. angulata transcriptome. Extensive phylogenetic analysis proposed 21 P450s that might participate in physalin biosynthesis. To validate the candidates, we developed a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system for P. angulata, and four P450 candidates were selected for the VIGS experiments. The reduction in the transcripts of the four P450 candidates by VIGS all led to decreased levels of physalin-class compounds in the P. angulata leaves. Thus, this study provides a number of P450 candidates that are likely associated with the biosynthesis of physalin-class compounds, forming a strong basis to reveal the unknown physalin biosynthetic pathway in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Changfu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (C.H.); (Z.X.); (N.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.)
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10
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Du H, Yong R, Zhang J, Cai G, Wang R, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang H, Gao X, Huang J. OsBAK2/OsSERK2 expression is repressed by OsBZR1 to modulate brassinosteroid response and grain length in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4978-4993. [PMID: 37235693 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of polyhydroxylated steroidal phytohormones that are essential for plant growth and development. Rice BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1)-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASES (OsBAKs) are plasma membrane-localized receptor kinases belonging to the subfamily of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases. It has been found that in Arabidopsis, BRs induce the formation of a BRI1-BAK1 heterodimer complex and transmit the cascade signal to BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1/bri1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BZR1/BES1) to regulate BR signaling. Here, in rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica), we found that OsBZR1 binds directly to the promoter of OsBAK2, but not OsBAK1, and represses the expression of OsBAK2 to form a BR feedback inhibition loop. Additionally, the phosphorylation of OsBZR1 by OsGSK3 reduced its binding to the OsBAK2 promoter. The osbak2 mutant displays a typical BR-deficiency phenotype and negative modulates the accumulation of OsBZR1. Interestingly, the grain length of the osbak2 mutant was increased whereas in the cr-osbak2/cr-osbzr1 double mutant, the reduced grain length of the cr-osbzr1 mutant was restored, implying that the increased grain length of osbak2 may be due to the rice somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase-dependent pathway. Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which OsBAK2 and OsBZR1 engage in a negative feedback loop to maintain rice BR homeostasis, facilitating a deeper understanding of the BR signaling network and grain length regulation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rong Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiuying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ji Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
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11
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Zhang W, Huang H, Zhou Y, Zhu K, Wu Y, Xu Y, Wang W, Zhang H, Gu J, Xiong F, Wang Z, Liu L, Yang J. Brassinosteroids mediate moderate soil-drying to alleviate spikelet degeneration under high temperature during meiosis of rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1340-1362. [PMID: 36097648 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that brassinosteroids (BRs) mediate moderate soil-drying (MD) to alleviate spikelet degeneration under high temperature (HT) stress during meiosis of rice (Oryza sativa L.). A rice cultivar was pot-grown and subjected to normal temperature (NT) and HT treatments during meiosis, and two irrigation regimes including well-watered (WW) and MD were imposed to the plants simultaneously. The MD effectively alleviated the spikelet degeneration and yield loss under HT stress mainly via improving root activity and canopy and panicle traits including higher photosynthetic capacity, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, and antioxidant capacity than WW. These parameters were regulated by BRs levels in plants. The decrease in BRs levels at HT was due mainly to the enhanced BRs decomposition, and the MD could rescue the BRs deficiency at HT via enhancing BRs biosynthesis and impeding decomposition. The connection between BRs and HT was verified by using rice BRs-deficient mutants, transgenic rice lines, and chemical regulators. Similar results were obtained in the open-air field experiment. The results suggest that BRs can mediate the MD to alleviate spikelet degeneration under HT stress during meiosis mainly via enhancing root activity, canopy traits, and young panicle traits of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hanghang Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kuanyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunji Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weilu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Li G, Yao X, Chen Z, Tian X, Lu L. The Overexpression of Oryza sativa L. CYP85A1 Promotes Growth and Biomass Production in Transgenic Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076480. [PMID: 37047459 PMCID: PMC10095185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important hormones that play crucial roles in plant growth, reproduction, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. CYP85A1 is a castasterone (CS) synthase that catalyzes C-6 oxidation of 6-deoxocastasterone (6-deoxoCS) to CS, after which CS is converted into brassinolide (BL) in a reaction catalyzed by CYP85A2. Here, we report the functional characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) OsCYP85A1. Constitutive expression of OsCYP85A1 driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter increased endogenous BR levels and significantly promoted growth and biomass production in three groups of transgenic Populus tomentosa lines. The plant height and stem diameter of the transgenic poplar plants were increased by 17.6% and 33.6%, respectively, in comparison with control plants. Simultaneously, we showed that expression of OsCYP85A1 enhanced xylem formation in transgenic poplar without affecting cell wall thickness or the composition of cellulose. Our findings suggest that OsCYP85A1 represents a potential target candidate gene for engineering fast-growing trees with improved wood production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tea Sciences, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xinzhuan Yao
- College of Tea Sciences, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhouzhuoer Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tea Sciences, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tea Sciences, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Litang Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tea Sciences, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Dong G, Chen F, Xiong E, Liu H, Jiang Y, Xiong G, Ruan B, Qian Q, Zeng D, Ma D, Yu Y, Wu L. The kinesin-13 protein BR HYPERSENSITIVE 1 is a negative brassinosteroid signaling component regulating rice growth and development. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1751-1766. [PMID: 35258682 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones performed critical roles in regulating plant architecture and thus determine grain yield in rice. However, the roles of brassinosteroids (BRs) compared to other phytohormones in shaping rice architecture are less studied. In this study, we report that BR hypersensitive1 (BHS1) plays a negative role in BR signaling and regulate rice architecture. BHS1 encodes the kinesin-13a protein and regulates grain length. We found that bhs1 was hypersensitive to BR, while BHS1-overexpression was less sensitive to BR compare to WT. BHS1 was down-regulated at RNA and protein level upon exogenous BR treatment, and proteasome inhibitor MG132 delayed the BHS1 degradation, indicating that both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation machineries are involved in BHS1-mediated regulation of plant growth and development. Furthermore, we found that the BR-induced degradation of BHS1 was attenuated in Osbri1 and Osbak1 mutants, but not in Osbzr1 and Oslic mutants. Together, these results suggest that BHS1 is a novel component which is involved in negative regulation of the BR signaling downstream player of BRI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Erhui Xiong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Huijie Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Yaohuang Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Banpu Ruan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Dianrong Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yanchun Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| | - Limin Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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14
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Zhang H, Yang D, Wang P, Zhang X, Ding Z, Zhao L. Feedback Inhibition Might Dominate the Accumulation Pattern of BR in the New Shoots of Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). Front Genet 2022; 12:809608. [PMID: 35273632 PMCID: PMC8902050 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.809608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR), a kind of polyhydroxylated steroid hormone, plays an important role in physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Studies were mainly focused on BR signaling and its exogenous spraying to help enhance crop yields. Few research studies are centered on the accumulation pattern of BR and its mechanism. Yet, it is crucial to unlock the mystery of the function of BR and its cross action with other hormones. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is one of the important economic crops in some countries, and new shoots are the raw materials for the preparation of various tea products. Different concentrations of exogenous BR were reported to have different effects on growth and development. New shoots of tea plants can thus be considered a valuable research object to study the accumulation pattern of BR. In this study, the quantity of five BR components (brassinolide, 28-norbrassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, castasterone, and 28-norcastasterone) in different tissues of tea plants, including buds (Bud), different maturity of leaves (L1, L2), and stems (S1, S2) were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. A total of 15 cDNA libraries of the same tissue with three repetitions for each were constructed and sequenced. The BR-accumulation pattern and gene expression pattern were combined together for weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). BR-accumulation-relative genes were then screened using two methods, based on the K.in value and BR biosynthetic pathway (ko00905), respectively. The result showed that photosynthesis-related genes and CYP450 family genes were actively involved and might play important roles in BR accumulation and/or its accumulation pattern. First and foremost, feedback inhibition was more likely to dominate the accumulation pattern of BR in the new shoots of tea plants. Moreover, three conserved miRNAs with their target transcriptional factors and target mRNAs had been figured out from negative correlation modules that might be strongly linked to the BR-accumulation pattern. Our study provided an experimental basis for the role of BR in tea plants. The excavation of genes related to the accumulation pattern of BR provided the possibility of cross-action studies on the regulation of BR biosynthesis and the study between BR and other hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peiqiang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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15
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Rice functional genomics: decades' efforts and roads ahead. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:33-92. [PMID: 34881420 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Since the completion of rice reference genome sequences, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular mechanisms on various rice traits and dissecting the underlying regulatory networks. In this review, we summarize the research progress of rice biology over past decades, including omics, genome-wide association study, phytohormone action, nutrient use, biotic and abiotic responses, photoperiodic flowering, and reproductive development (fertility and sterility). For the roads ahead, cutting-edge technologies such as new genomics methods, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, precise genome-editing tools, environmental microbiome optimization, and synthetic methods will further extend our understanding of unsolved molecular biology questions in rice, and facilitate integrations of the knowledge for agricultural applications.
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16
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Sharma B, Seth R, Thakur S, Parmar R, Masand M, Devi A, Singh G, Dhyani P, Choudhary S, Sharma RK. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis unveils the molecular basis of organ-specific expression of isosteroidal alkaloids biosynthesis in critically endangered Fritillaria roylei Hook. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 187:112772. [PMID: 33873018 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fritillaria roylei Hook. is a critically endangered high altitude Himalayan medicinal plant species with rich source of pharmaceutically active structurally diverse steroidal alkaloids. Nevertheless, except few marker compounds, the chemistry of the plant remains unexplored. Therefore, in the current study, transcriptome sequencing efforts were made to elucidate isosteroidal alkaloids biosynthesis by creating first organ-specific genomic resource using bulb, stem, and leaf tissues derived from natural populations of Indian Himalayan region. Overall, 349.9 million high quality paired-end reads obtained using NovaSeq 6000 platform were assembled (de novo) into 82,848 unigenes and 31,061 isoforms. Functional annotation and organ specific differential expression (DE) analysis identified 2488 significant DE transcripts, grouped into three potential sub-clusters (sub-cluster I: 728 transcripts; sub-cluster II: 446 transcripts and Sub-cluster III: 1314 transcripts). Subsequently, pathway enrichment (GO, KEGG) and protein-protein network analysis revealed significantly higher enrichment of phenyl-propanoid and steroid backbone including terpenoid, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis in bulb. Additionally, upregulated expression of cytochrome P450, UDP-dependent Glucuronosyltransferase families and key transcription factor families (FAR1, bHLH, GRAS, C2H2, TCP and MYB) suggests 'bulb' as a primary site of MVA mediated isosteroidal alkaloids biosynthesis. The comprehensive elucidation of molecular insights in this study is a first step towards the understanding of isosteroidal alkaloid biosynthesis pathway in F. roylei. Furthermore, key genes and regulators identified here can facilitate metabolic engineering of potential bioactive compounds at industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balraj Sharma
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Romit Seth
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
| | - Sapna Thakur
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Rajni Parmar
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Mamta Masand
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Amna Devi
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Gopal Singh
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Praveen Dhyani
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Shruti Choudhary
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Ram Kumar Sharma
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India.
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17
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Guo J, Li W, Shang L, Wang Y, Yan P, Bai Y, Da X, Wang K, Guo Q, Jiang R, Mao C, Mo X. OsbHLH98 regulates leaf angle in rice through transcriptional repression of OsBUL1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1953-1966. [PMID: 33638214 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle is an important agronomic trait in cereals that helps determine plant yield by affecting planting density. However, the regulation mechanism of leaf angle remained elusive. Here, we show that OsbHLH98, a rice bHLH transcription factor, negatively regulates leaf angle. osbhlh98 mutant leaves formed a larger leaf angle, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing OsbHLH98 exhibited a slight reduction in leaf angle. We determined that the changes in leaf angle resulted from increased number and size of parenchyma cells on the adaxial side of the lamina joint in osbhlh98 mutants. Experiments using reporter constructs showed that OsbHLH98 is expressed on the adaxial side of lamina joints, consistent with its proposed function in regulating leaf angle. Furthermore, we established by chromatin immunoprecipitation and CUT&RUN that OsBUL1 is a direct downstream target of OsbHLH98. Transactivation assays and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated that OsbHLH98 represses OsBUL1 transcription. Our results demonstrate that OsbHLH98 negatively regulates leaf angle by counteracting brassinosteroid-induced cell elongation via the repression of OsBUL1 transcription. The characterization of OsbHLH98 and its role in determining leaf angle will lay the foundation to develop the ideal plant architecture for adaptation to high planting density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Lingnan Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Peng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Youhuang Bai
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaowen Da
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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18
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Ren T, Fan T, Chen S, Li C, Chen Y, Ou X, Jiang Q, Ren Z, Tan F, Luo P, Chen C, Li Z. Utilization of a Wheat55K SNP array-derived high-density genetic map for high-resolution mapping of quantitative trait loci for important kernel-related traits in common wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:807-821. [PMID: 33388883 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study mapped QTLs associated with kernel-related traits by high-density genetic map. Five new major and stable QTLs for KL, KDR, SN, and KWPS were mapped in multiple environments. In the present study, a recombinant inbred line population including 371 lines derived from the cross of Chuannong18 and T1208 was genotyped using the Wheat55K single nucleotide polymorphism array. A novel high-density genetic map consisting of 11,583 markers spanning 4192.62 cM and distributed across 21 wheat chromosomes was constructed. QTLs for important kernel-related traits were mapped in multiple environments. A total of 96 and 151 QTLs were mapped by using the ICIM method and the MET method, respectively. And a total of 114 digenic epistatic QTLs were also detected across 21 chromosomes, and the epistatic effects of each trait were analyzed. BLAST analysis showed that 23 QTLs for different kernel-related traits were first time mapped and five of them were major and stable QTLs for kernel diameter ratio (121.34-126.83 cM on 4BS), spike number per square meter (71.32-73.84 cM on 2DS), kernel weight per spike (71.32-75.26 cM on 2DS), and kernel length (16.78-31.64 cM on 6A and 51.63-58.40 cM on 3D), respectively. Fifteen QTL clusters that contained 58 QTLs were also detected, and all most stable QTLs were contained in these QTL clusters. Significant correlations between different traits were detected and discussed. These results lay the foundation for fine mapping and cloning of the gene(s) underlying the stable QTLs detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianheng Ren
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tao Fan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, WenjiangChengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, WenjiangChengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, WenjiangChengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Ou
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, WenjiangChengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, WenjiangChengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenglong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, WenjiangChengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Feiquan Tan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, WenjiangChengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Peigao Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, WenjiangChengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Zhi Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, WenjiangChengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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19
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Szeliga M, Ciura J, Tyrka M. Representational Difference Analysis of Transcripts Involved in Jervine Biosynthesis. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060088. [PMID: 32575579 PMCID: PMC7344996 DOI: 10.3390/life10060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Veratrum-type steroidal alkaloids (VSA) are the major bioactive ingredients that strongly determine the pharmacological activities of Veratrum nigrum. Biosynthesis of VSA at the molecular and genetic levels is not well understood. Next-generation sequencing of representational difference analysis (RDA) products after elicitation and precursor feeding was applied to identify candidate genes involved in VSA biosynthesis. A total of 12,048 contigs with a median length of 280 bases were received in three RDA libraries obtained after application of methyl jasmonate, squalene and cholesterol. The comparative analysis of annotated sequences was effective in identifying candidate genes. GABAT2 transaminase and hydroxylases active at C-22, C-26, C-11, and C-16 positions in late stages of jervine biosynthesis were selected. Moreover, genes coding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and enzymes from the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family (SDR) associated with the reduction reactions of the VSA biosynthesis process were proposed. The data collected contribute to better understanding of jervine biosynthesis and may accelerate implementation of biotechnological methods of VSA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szeliga
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.C.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Ciura
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.C.); (M.T.)
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Tyrka
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.C.); (M.T.)
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20
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Jiu S, Xu Y, Wang J, Wang L, Liu X, Sun W, Sabir IA, Ma C, Xu W, Wang S, Abdullah M, Zhang C. The Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Inventory of Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.): Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Characterization and Expression Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 11:44. [PMID: 32133027 PMCID: PMC7040366 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase superfamily, belonging to heme-thiolate protein products, plays a vital role in metabolizing physiologically valuable compounds in plants. To date, CYP superfamily genes have not yet been characterized in grapevine (V. vinifera L.), and their functions remain unclear. In this study, a sum of 236 VvCYPs, divided into 46 families and clustered into nine clans, have been identified based on bioinformatics analyses in grapevine genome. The characteristics of both exon-intron organizations and motif structures further supported the close evolutionary relationships of VvCYP superfamily as well as the reliability of phylogenetic analysis. The gene number-based hierarchical cluster of CYP subfamilies of different plants demonstrated that the loss of CYP families seems to be limited to single species or single taxa. Promoter analysis elucidated various cis-regulatory elements related to phytohormone signaling, plant growth and development, as well as abiotic/biotic stress responses. The tandem duplication mainly contributed to the expansion of the VvCYP superfamily, followed by singleton duplication in grapevine. Global RNA-sequencing data of grapevine showed functional divergence of VvCYPs as diverse expression patterns of VvCYPs in various organs, tissues, and developmental phases, which were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Taken together, our results provided valuable inventory for understanding the classification and biological functions of the VvCYPs and paved the way for further functional verification of these VvCYPs and are helpful to grapevine molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Wei Z, Li J. Regulation of Brassinosteroid Homeostasis in Higher Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:583622. [PMID: 33133120 PMCID: PMC7550685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known as one of the major classes of phytohormones essential for various processes during normal plant growth, development, and adaptations to biotic and abiotic stresses. Significant progress has been achieved on revealing mechanisms regulating BR biosynthesis, catabolism, and signaling in many crops and in model plant Arabidopsis. It is known that BRs control plant growth and development in a dosage-dependent manner. Maintenance of BR homeostasis is therefore critical for optimal functions of BRs. In this review, updated discoveries on mechanisms controlling BR homeostasis in higher plants in response to internal and external cues are discussed.
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22
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Que F, Wang YH, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. DcBAS1, a Carrot Brassinosteroid Catabolism Gene, Modulates Cellulose Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13526-13533. [PMID: 31725271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important phytohormones and play critical roles during the growth and development of the plant. Numerous studies on biosynthesis and the signaling pathway of BRs have been performed, while the report about the metabolism of BRs is limited to carrots. In this study, we identified a homologous gene of AtCYP734A1/BAS1 (DCAR_009214), named DcBAS1, from carrots based on the data of the genome. The Arabidopsis overexpression line hosting the DcBAS1 gene was a dwarf and had crinkled blades and shortened petioles. Exogenous BL treatment rescued its growth and stem elongation. In addition, overexpressing DcBAS1 inhibited the cellulose synthesis in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that overexpression of DcBAS1 inhibited the expression levels of AtCESAs genes (AtCESA1, AtCESA3, and AtCESA6), which are involved in cellulose synthesis in primary cell walls. AtBES1, which can be active by BR signaling, was also inhibited. These results revealed that DcBAS1 is the important gene involved in BR metabolism in carrots. Overexpression of DcBAS1 reduced the level of endogenous BRs and inhibited the cellulose synthesis in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Que
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210037 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
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23
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Rozhon W, Akter S, Fernandez A, Poppenberger B. Inhibitors of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and Signal Transduction. Molecules 2019; 24:E4372. [PMID: 31795392 PMCID: PMC6930552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical inhibitors are invaluable tools for investigating protein function in reverse genetic approaches. Their application bears many advantages over mutant generation and characterization. Inhibitors can overcome functional redundancy, their application is not limited to species for which tools of molecular genetics are available and they can be applied to specific tissues or developmental stages, making them highly convenient for addressing biological questions. The use of inhibitors has helped to elucidate hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways and here we review compounds that were developed for the plant hormones brassinosteroids (BRs). BRs are steroids that have strong growth-promoting capacities, are crucial for all stages of plant development and participate in adaptive growth processes and stress response reactions. In the last two decades, impressive progress has been made in BR inhibitor development and application, which has been instrumental for studying BR modes of activity and identifying and characterizing key players. Both, inhibitors that target biosynthesis, such as brassinazole, and inhibitors that target signaling, such as bikinin, exist and in a comprehensive overview we summarize knowledge and methodology that enabled their design and key findings of their use. In addition, the potential of BR inhibitors for commercial application in plant production is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Rozhon
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Brigitte Poppenberger
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
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24
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Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis of Rice Seedlings after Seed Dressing with Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84 T and Silicon. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235883. [PMID: 31771205 PMCID: PMC6928808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are beneficial microorganisms that can also protect against disease and environmental stress. Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in soil, and is known to increase plant growth, grain yield, resistance to biotic stress, and tolerance to abiotic stress. Combined treatment of PGPB and Si has been shown to further enhance plant growth and crop yield. To determine the global effects of the PGPB and Si on rice growth, we compared rice plants treated with Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84T (DCY84T) and Si with untreated rice. To identify the genes that respond to DCY84T+Si treatment in rice, we performed an RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis by sampling treated and untreated roots on a weekly basis for three weeks. Overall, 576 genes were upregulated, and 394 genes were downregulated in treated roots, using threshold fold-changes of at least 2 (log2) and p-values < 0.05. Gene ontology analysis showed that phenylpropanoids and the L-phenylalanine metabolic process were prominent in the upregulated genes. In a metabolic overview analysis using the MapMan toolkit, pathways involving phenylpropanoids and ethylene were strongly associated with upregulated genes. The functions of seven upregulated genes were identified as being associated with drought stress through a literature search, and a stress experiment confirmed that plants treated with DCY84T+Si exhibited greater drought tolerance than the untreated control plants. Furthermore, the predicted protein–protein interaction network analysis associated with DCY84T+ Si suggests mechanisms underlying growth promotion and stress tolerance.
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25
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Ferrero-Serrano Á, Cantos C, Assmann SM. The Role of Dwarfing Traits in Historical and Modern Agriculture with a Focus on Rice. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:a034645. [PMID: 31358515 PMCID: PMC6824242 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Semidwarf stature is a valuable agronomic trait in grain crops that reduces lodging and increases harvest index. A fundamental advance during the 1960s Green Revolution was the introduction of semidwarf cultivars of rice and wheat. Essentially, all semidwarf varieties of rice under cultivation today owe their diminished stature to a specific null mutation in the gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis gene, SD1 However, it is now well-established that, in addition to GAs, brassinosteroids and strigolactones also control plant height. In this review, we describe the synthesis and signaling pathways of these three hormones as understood in rice and discuss the mutants and transgenics in these pathways that confer semidwarfism and other valuable architectural traits. We propose that such genes offer underexploited opportunities for broadening the genetic basis and germplasm in semidwarf rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Cantos
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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26
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Cui Y, Xiang J, Chen H, Hu G, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhu D, Zhang Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis of panicle development under heat stress in two rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in heat tolerance. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7595. [PMID: 31528506 PMCID: PMC6717657 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress inhibits rice panicle development and reduces the spikelet number per panicle. This study investigated the mechanism involved in heat-induced damage to panicle development and spikelet formation in rice cultivars that differ in heat tolerance. Transcriptome data from developing panicles grown at 40 °C or 32 °C were compared for two rice cultivars: heat-tolerant Huanghuazhan and heat-susceptible IR36. Of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 4,070 heat stress-responsive genes were identified, including 1,688 heat-resistant-cultivar-related genes (RHR), 707 heat-susceptible-cultivar-related genes (SHR), and 1,675 common heat stress-responsive genes (CHR). A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the DEGs in the RHR category were significantly enriched in 54 gene ontology terms, some of which improved heat tolerance, including those in the WRKY, HD-ZIP, ERF, and MADS transcription factor families. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEGs in the RHR and SHR categories were enriched in 15 and 11 significant metabolic pathways, respectively. Improved signal transduction capabilities of endogenous hormones under high temperature seemed to promote heat tolerance, while impaired starch and sucrose metabolism under high temperature might have inhibited young panicle development. Our transcriptome analysis provides insights into the different molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in developing rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongtao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huizhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guohui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Defeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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27
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Sandhu N, Subedi SR, Singh VK, Sinha P, Kumar S, Singh SP, Ghimire SK, Pandey M, Yadaw RB, Varshney RK, Kumar A. Deciphering the genetic basis of root morphology, nutrient uptake, yield, and yield-related traits in rice under dry direct-seeded cultivation systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9334. [PMID: 31249338 PMCID: PMC6597570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of global water scarcity, a successful transition of rice cultivation from puddled to dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR) is a future need. A genome-wide association study was performed on a complex mapping population for 39 traits: 9 seedling-establishment traits, 14 root and nutrient-uptake traits, 5 plant morphological traits, 4 lodging resistance traits, and 7 yield and yield-contributing traits. A total of 10 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were found along with 25 QTLs associated with 25 traits. The percent phenotypic variance explained by SNPs ranged from 8% to 84%. Grain yield was found to be significantly and positively correlated with seedling-establishment traits, root morphological traits, nutrient uptake-related traits, and grain yield-contributing traits. The genomic colocation of different root morphological traits, nutrient uptake-related traits, and grain-yield-contributing traits further supports the role of root morphological traits in improving nutrient uptake and grain yield under DDSR. The QTLs/candidate genes underlying the significant MTAs were identified. The identified promising progenies carrying these QTLs may serve as potential donors to be exploited in genomics-assisted breeding programs for improving grain yield and adaptability under DDSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Sandhu
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sushil Raj Subedi
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.,National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Nepal
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pallavi Sinha
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and System Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S P Singh
- Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | | | - Madhav Pandey
- Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | | | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and System Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.
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28
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Putative Genes Involved in Dioscin Biosynthesis in Dioscorea zingiberensis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020454. [PMID: 29463020 PMCID: PMC6017347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis is a perennial herb native to China. The rhizome of D. zingiberensis has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat rheumatic arthritis. Dioscin is the major bioactive ingredient conferring the medicinal property described in Chinese pharmacopoeia. Several previous studies have suggested cholesterol as the intermediate to the biosynthesis of dioscin, however, the biosynthetic steps to dioscin after cholesterol remain unknown. In this study, a comprehensive D. zingiberensis transcriptome derived from its leaf and rhizome was constructed. Based on the annotation using various public databases, all possible enzymes in the biosynthetic steps to cholesterol were identified. In the late steps beyond cholesterol, cholesterol undergoes site-specific oxidation by cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and glycosylation by UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) to yield dioscin. From the D. zingiberensis transcriptome, a total of 485 unigenes were annotated as CYPs and 195 unigenes with a sequence length above 1000 bp were annotated as UGTs. Transcriptomic comparison revealed 165 CYP annotated unigenes correlating to dioscin biosynthesis in the plant. Further phylogenetic analysis suggested that among those CYP candidates four of them would be the most likely candidates involved in the biosynthetic steps from cholesterol to dioscin. Additionally, from the UGT annotated unigenes, six of them were annotated as 3-O-UGTs and two of them were annotated as rhamnosyltransferases, which consisted of potential UGT candidates involved in dioscin biosynthesis. To further explore the function of the UGT candidates, two 3-O-UGT candidates, named Dz3GT1 and Dz3GT2, were cloned and functionally characterized. Both Dz3GT1 and Dz3GT2 were able to catalyze a C3-glucosylation activity on diosgenin. In conclusion, this study will facilitate our understanding of dioscin biosynthesis pathway and provides a basis for further mining the genes involved in dioscin biosynthesis.
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Wei K, Chen H. Global identification, structural analysis and expression characterization of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase superfamily in rice. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:35. [PMID: 29320982 PMCID: PMC5764023 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450, CYP, P450) catalyze numerous monooxygenation/hydroxylation reactions in biochemical pathways. Although CYP superfamily has been systematically studied in a few species, the genome-scale research about it in rice has not been done. RESULTS In this study, a total of 355 CYPs encoded by 326 genes were identified in japonica genome. The OsCYP genes are classified into 10 clans including 45 families according to phylogenetic analysis. More than half of the genes are distributed in 53 tandem duplicated gene clusters. Intron-exon structure of OsCYPs exhibits highly conserved and specificity within a family, and divergences of duplicate genes in gene structure result in non-functionalization, neo-functionalization or sub-functionalization. Selection pressure analysis showed that rice CYPs are under purifying selection. The microarray data analysis shows that some genes are tissue-specific expression, such as OsCYP710A5 and OsCYP71X14 in endosperm, OsCYP99A3 and OsCYP78A16 in root and OsCYP93G2 and OsCYP97D7 in leaf. Analysis of RNA-seq data derived from rice leaf developmental gradient indicates that some OsCYPs exhibit zone-specific expression patterns. OsCYP87C2, OsCYP96B5, OsCYP96B8 and OsCYP84A5 were specifically expressed in leaf base and transitional zone. The transcripts of lineages II and IV-1 members were highly abundant in maturing zone. Eighty three OsCYPs are differentially expressed in response to drought stress, of which OsCYP51G3, OsCYP709C9, OsCYP709C5, OsCYP81A6, OsCYP72A18 and OsCYP704A5 are strongly induced and OsCYP78A16, OsCYP89C9 and OsCYP704A5 are down-regulated significantly, and some of the results were validated by qPCR. And 23 up-regulated and 17 down-regulated genes are specific to Osbhlh148 mutation under drought stress. Compared to those in wild type, the changes in transcript levels of several genes are slight in the mutant, such as OsCYP51G3, OsCYP94C2, OsCYP709C9 and OsCYP709C5. CONCLUSION The whole-genomic analysis of rice P450 superfamily provides a clue to understanding biological function of OsCYPs in development regulation and drought stress response, and is helpful to rice molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifa Wei
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, 36 Xian-Qian-Zhi Street, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China.
| | - Huiqin Chen
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, 36 Xian-Qian-Zhi Street, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China.
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Sakamoto T, Kitano H, Fujioka S. Rice ERECT LEAF 1 acts in an alternative brassinosteroid signaling pathway independent of the receptor kinase OsBRI1. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1396404. [PMID: 29172939 PMCID: PMC5792126 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1396404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ERECT LEAF 1 (ELF1) was previously identified as a component of brassinosteroid signaling in rice. A double mutant obtained by crossing elf1-1 (a null mutant of ELF1) with d61-1 (a leaky mutant of OsBRI1) showed a more severe phenotype than did the elf1-1 single mutant, resembling that of a severe brassinosteroid-deficient mutant. Microarray analysis showed that the gene expression profile of elf1-1 was distinct from that of d61-12 (a leaky mutant of OsBRI1 with a phenotype similar to that of elf1-1), and fewer than half of genes differentially expressed between the wild-type and elf1-1 showed similar differences in d61-12 relative to the wild-type. These results indicate that less than half of ELF1-regulated genes in rice seedlings are affected by OsBRI1, and suggest that ELF1 acts in a rice brassinosteroid signaling pathway different from that initiated by OsBRI1. Gene expression analysis showed that some stress response-related genes were induced in elf1-1 but not in d61-12, and 8 of 9 genes oppositely regulated in elf1-1 and d61-12 were significantly up- or down-regulated in both elf1-1 and jasmonic acid-treated wild-type. These results imply that ELF1 suppresses stress-induced signalling, and that jasmonic acid signaling is stimulated in elf1-1; therefore, ELF1 may be involved in the brassinosteroid-mediated suppression of jasmonic acid response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Department of Bioproduction Science, Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kitano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
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Yokota T, Ohnishi T, Shibata K, Asahina M, Nomura T, Fujita T, Ishizaki K, Kohchi T. Occurrence of brassinosteroids in non-flowering land plants, liverwort, moss, lycophyte and fern. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 136:46-55. [PMID: 28057327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in non-flowering land plants were analyzed. BRs were found in a liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha), a moss (Physcomitrella patens), lycophytes (Selaginella moellendorffii and S. uncinata) and 13 fern species. A biologically active BR, castasterone (CS), was identified in most of these non-flowering plants but another biologically active BR, brassinolide, was not. It may be distinctive that levels of CS in non-flowering plants were orders of magnitude lower than those in flowering plants. 22-Hydroxycampesterol and its metabolites were identified in most of the non-flowering plants suggesting that the biosynthesis of BRs via 22-hydroxylation of campesterol occurs as in flowering plants. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that M. polymorpha, P. patens and S. moellendorffii have cytochrome P450s in the CYP85 clans which harbors BR biosynthesis enzymes, although the P450 profiles are simpler as compared with Arabidopsis and rice. Furthermore, these basal land plants were found to have multiple P450s in the CYP72 clan which harbors enzymes to catabolize BRs. These findings indicate that green plants were able to synthesize and inactivate BRs from the land-transition stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yokota
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kyomi Shibata
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan
| | - Masashi Asahina
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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32
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Qian W, Wu C, Fu Y, Hu G, He Z, Liu W. Novel rice mutants overexpressing the brassinosteroid catabolic gene CYP734A4. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:197-208. [PMID: 27815670 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Moderate overexpression of CYP734A4 improves grain number per main panicle and seed setting rate. Brassinosteroid (BR) homeostasis and signaling are crucial for plant growth and development. CYP734A genes encode cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that control the level of bioactive BRs by degrading BRs. However, fertile plants overexpressing CYP734As have not been reported in rice. Here, we isolated a novel semi-dominant mutant brd3-D, in which T-DNA was inserted approximately 4 kb upstream of the CYP734A4 gene (GenBank Accession AB488667), causing its overexpression. The mutant is characterized by dwarfism, small grains, and erect leaves and is less sensitive to brassinolide-induced lamina joint inclination and primary root elongation. However, increased grain number per main panicle and improved seed setting rate were also found in heterozygous brd3-D. To our knowledge, these traits have not been reported in other BR deficient mutants. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that phenotypic severity of the brd3-D mutant is positively correlated with the CYP734A4 transcription level. In accordance with the increased expression of CYP734A4, a lower castasterone (a rice BR) content was detected in the brd3-D mutants. Knockout of brd3-D by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system rescued the mutation. In addition, transgenic plants overexpressing CYP734A4 with the 35S enhancer mimicked the brd3-D phenotypes, confirming that moderate overexpression of the CYP734A4 gene can improve grain number per main panicle and the seed setting rate in rice. Further studies showed that overexpression of CYP734A4 influences the expressions of multiple genes involved in the BR pathway, and the expression of CYP734A4 is induced by exogenous brassinolide, confirming the negative regulatory role of CYP734A4 in the BR pathway. CYP734A4 might provide a useful gene resource for developing new high-yielding rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yaping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guocheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhengquan He
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Wenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Liu H, Dong S, Gu F, Liu W, Yang G, Huang M, Xiao W, Liu Y, Guo T, Wang H, Chen Z, Wang J. NBS-LRR Protein Pik-H4 Interacts with OsBIHD1 to Balance Rice Blast Resistance and Growth by Coordinating Ethylene-Brassinosteroid Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:127. [PMID: 28220140 PMCID: PMC5292422 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of innate immunity and plant growth, along with the trade-off between them, affects the defense and recovery mechanisms of the plant after it is attacked by pathogens. Although it is known that hormonal crosstalk plays a major role in regulating interaction of plant growth and PAMP-triggered immunity, the relationship between plant growth and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) remains unclear. In a large-scale yeast two-hybrid screening for Pik-H4-interacting proteins, a homeodomain transcription factor OsBIHD1 was identified, which is previously known to function in biotic and abiotic stress responses. The knockout of OsBIHD1 in rice lines carrying Pik-H4 largely compromised the resistance of the rice lines to Magnaporthe oryzae, the fungus that causes rice blast. While overexpression of OsBIHD1 resulted in enhanced expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) and ethylene (ET) synthesis genes. Moreover, OsBIHD1 was also found to directly bind to the promoter region of ethylene-synthesis enzyme OsACO3. In addition, OsBIHD1 overexpression or deficiency provoked dwarfism and reduced brassinosteroid (BR) insensitivity through repressing the expression of several critical genes involved in BR biosynthesis and BR signaling. During M. oryzae infection, transcript levels of the crucial BR catabolic genes (CYP734A2, CYP734A4, and CYP734A6) were significantly up-regulated in OsBIHD1-OX plants. Furthermore, OsBIHD1 was found to be capable of binding to the sequence-specific cis-elements on the promoters of CYP734A2 to suppress the plant growth under fungal invasion. Our results collectively suggest a model that OsBIHD1 is required for Pik-H4-mediated blast resistance through modulating the trade-off between resistance and growth by coordinating brassinosteroid-ethylene pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhiqiang Chen, Jiafeng Wang, Hao Liu,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiqiang Chen
- *Correspondence: Zhiqiang Chen, Jiafeng Wang, Hao Liu,
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- *Correspondence: Zhiqiang Chen, Jiafeng Wang, Hao Liu,
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Cheng Y, Lu L, Yang Z, Wu Z, Qin W, Yu D, Ren Z, Li Y, Wang L, Li F, Yang Z. GhCaM7-like, a calcium sensor gene, influences cotton fiber elongation and biomass production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 109:128-136. [PMID: 27669397 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling regulates many developmental processes in plants. Calmodulin (CaM) is one of the most conserved calcium sensors and has a flexible conformation in eukaryotes. The molecular functions of CaM are unknown in cotton, which is a major source of natural fiber. In this study, a Gossypium hirsutum L.CaM7-like gene was isolated from upland cotton. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the GhCaM7-like gene was highly conserved as compared with Arabidopsis AtCaM7. The GhCaM7-like gene showed a high expression level in elongating fibers. Expression of β-glucuronidase was observed in trichomes on the stem, leaf and root in transgenic Arabidopsis plants of a PROGhCaM7-like:GUS fusion. Silencing of the GhCaM7-like gene resulted in decreased fiber length, but also caused reduction in stem height, leaf dimensions, seed length and 100-seed weight, in comparison with those of the control. Reduced expression of the GhCaM7-like gene caused decreased Ca2+ influx in cells of the leaf hypodermis and stem apex, and down-regulation of GhIQD1 (IQ67-domain containing protein), GhAnn2 (Annexins) and GhEXP2 (Expansin). These results indicate that the GhCaM7-like gene plays a vital role in calcium signaling pathways, and may regulate cotton fiber elongation and biomass production by affecting Ca2+ signatures and downstream signaling pathways of CaM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhaoen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhixia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wenqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Daoqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhongying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
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35
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Joo SH, Jang MS, Kim MK, Lee JE, Kim SK. Biosynthetic relationship between C₂₈-brassinosteroids and C₂₉-brassinosteroids in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 111:84-90. [PMID: 25433632 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A crude enzyme solution was prepared from young rice seedlings, and the metabolism of C29-brassinosteroids identified from the seedlings was examined. When 28-homoteasterone was added as a substrate, 28-homotyphasterol, teasterone, and 26-nor-28-homoteasterone were characterized as enzyme products by GC-MS/SIM analysis. With 28-homotyphasterol, 28-homoteasterone, typhasterol, 28-homocastasterone, and 26-nor-28-homotyphasterol were formed and identified as products. When 28-homocastasterone was used, castasterone and 26-nor-28-homocastasterone were identified as products. Together with the reduced biological activity of C29-brassinosteroids and their metabolites in the rice lamina inclination assay, these metabolic studies suggest a biosynthetic sequence, 28-homoteasterone↔28-homotyphasterol→28-homocastasterone for C29-brassinosteroid biosynthesis is connected to the biosynthetic sequence teasterone↔typhasterol→castasterone for C28-brassinosteroids by C-28 demethylation, i.e., in order to increase biological activity in the rice plant. Additionally, the C29-brassinosteroids seem to bio-degrade their C-26 demethylated C28-brassinosteroid analogs to reduce brassinosteroid activity in planta. In conclusion, the biosynthesis of C29-brassinosteroids is a likely alternative route to the biologically-active brassinosteroid, castasterone, in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hwan Joo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Seok Jang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ki Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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Wu Q, Li D, Li D, Liu X, Zhao X, Li X, Li S, Zhu L. Overexpression of OsDof12 affects plant architecture in rice (Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:833. [PMID: 26500670 PMCID: PMC4597119 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dof (DNA binding with one finger) proteins, a class of plant-specific transcription factors, are involved in plant growth and developmental processes and stress responses. However, their biological functions remain to be elucidated, especially in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Previously, we have reported that OsDof12 can promote rice flowering under long-day conditions. Here, we further investigated the other important agronomical traits of the transgenic plants overexpressing OsDof12 and found that overexpressing OsDof12 could lead to reduced plant height, erected leaf, shortened leaf blade, and smaller panicle resulted from decreased primary and secondary branches number. These results implied that OsDof12 is involved in rice plant architecture formation. Furthermore, we performed a series of Brassinosteroid (BR)-responsive tests and found that overexpression of OsDof12 could also result in BR hyposensitivity. Of note, in WT plants the expression of OsDof12 was found up-regulated by BR treatment while in OsDof12 overexpression plants two positive BR signaling regulators, OsBRI1 and OsBZR1, were significantly down-regulated, indicating that OsDof12 may act as a negative BR regulator in rice. Taken together, our results suggested that overexpression of OsDof12 could lead to altered plant architecture by suppressing BR signaling. Thus, OsDof12 might be used as a new potential genetic regulator for future rice molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Dejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesDanzhou, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Shigui Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Shigui Li, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lihuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Lihuang Zhu, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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Tsuda K, Kurata N, Ohyanagi H, Hake S. Genome-wide study of KNOX regulatory network reveals brassinosteroid catabolic genes important for shoot meristem function in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3488-500. [PMID: 25194027 PMCID: PMC4213158 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.129122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, knotted1-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factors play crucial roles in establishment and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), from which aerial organs such as leaves, stems, and flowers initiate. We report that a rice (Oryza sativa) KNOX gene Oryza sativa homeobox1 (OSH1) represses the brassinosteroid (BR) phytohormone pathway through activation of BR catabolism genes. Inducible overexpression of OSH1 caused BR insensitivity, whereas loss of function showed a BR-overproduction phenotype. Genome-wide identification of loci bound and regulated by OSH1 revealed hormonal and transcriptional regulation as the major function of OSH1. Among these targets, BR catabolism genes CYP734A2, CYP734A4, and CYP734A6 were rapidly upregulated by OSH1 induction. Furthermore, RNA interference knockdown plants of CYP734A genes arrested growth of the SAM and mimicked some osh1 phenotypes. Thus, we suggest that local control of BR levels by KNOX genes is a key regulatory step in SAM function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Tsuda
- Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Nori Kurata
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohyanagi
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan Tsukuba Divison, Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan
| | - Sarah Hake
- Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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Yang Z, Zhang C, Yang X, Liu K, Wu Z, Zhang X, Zheng W, Xun Q, Liu C, Lu L, Yang Z, Qian Y, Xu Z, Li C, Li J, Li F. PAG1, a cotton brassinosteroid catabolism gene, modulates fiber elongation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:437-448. [PMID: 24786710 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the major source of natural textile fibers. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in regulating fiber development. The molecular mechanisms of BRs in regulating fiber elongation, however, are poorly understood. pagoda1 (pag1) was identified via an activation tagging genetic screen and characterized by genome walking and brassinolide (BL) supplementation. RNA-Seq analysis was employed to elucidate the mechanisms of PAG1 in regulating fiber development. pag1 exhibited dwarfism and reduced fiber length due to significant inhibition of cell elongation and expansion. BL treatment rescued its growth and fiber elongation. PAG1 encodes a homolog of Arabidopsis CYP734A1 that inactivates BRs via C-26 hydroxylation. RNA-Seq analyses showed that the constitutive expression of PAG1 downregulated the expression of genes involved in very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) biosynthesis, ethylene-mediated signaling, response to cadmium, cell wall development, cytoskeleton organization and cell growth. Our results demonstrate that PAG1 plays crucial roles in regulating fiber development via controlling the level of endogenous bioactive BRs, which may affect ethylene signaling cascade by mediating VLCFA. Therefore, BR may be a critical regulator of fiber elongation, a role which may in turn be linked to effects on VLCFA biosynthesis, ethylene and cadmium signaling, cell wall- and cytoskeleton-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhixia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Qingqing Xun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chuanliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Lili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhaoen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yuyuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
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39
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Vriet C, Russinova E, Reuzeau C. From squalene to brassinolide: the steroid metabolic and signaling pathways across the plant kingdom. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:1738-57. [PMID: 23761349 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), and their precursors, phytosterols, play major roles in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Here, we review the impressive progress made during recent years in elucidating the components of the sterol and BR metabolic and signaling pathways, and in understanding their mechanism of action in both model plants and crops, such as Arabidopsis and rice. We also discuss emerging insights into the regulations of these pathways, their interactions with other hormonal pathways and multiple environmental signals, and the putative nature of sterols as signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vriet
- CropDesign NV, a BASF Plant Science Company, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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40
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Sakamoto T, Kitano H, Fujioka S. An E3 ubiquitin ligase, ERECT LEAF1, functions in brassinosteroid signaling of rice. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e27117. [PMID: 24299927 PMCID: PMC4091358 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A spontaneous rice mutant, erect leaf1 (elf1-1), produced a dwarf phenotype with erect leaves and short grains. Physiological analyses suggested that elf1-1 is brassinosteroid-insensitive, so we hypothesized that ELF1 encodes a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signaling. ELF1, identified by means of positional cloning, encodes a protein with both a U-box domain and ARMADILLO (ARM) repeats. U-box proteins have been shown to function as E3 ubiquitin ligases; in fact, ELF1 possessed E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. However, ELF1 itself does not appear to be polyubiquitinated. Mutant phenotypes of 2 more elf1 alleles indicate that the entire ARM repeats is indispensable for ELF1 activity. These results suggest that ELF1 ubiquitinates target proteins through an interaction mediated by ARM repeats. Similarities in the phenotypes of elf1 and d61 mutants (mutants of brassinosteroid receptor gene OsBRI1), and in the regulation of ELF1 and OsBRI1 expression, imply that ELF1 functions as a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signaling in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences; Ishikawa Prefectural University; Ishikawa, Japan
- Correspondence to: Tomoaki Sakamoto,
| | - Hidemi Kitano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Aichi, Japan
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41
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Zhu W, Wang H, Fujioka S, Zhou T, Tian H, Tian W, Wang X. Homeostasis of brassinosteroids regulated by DRL1, a putative acyltransferase in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013. [PMID: 23204503 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play essential roles in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development and in responding to diverse environmental cues, and their metabolism is an important way to regulate their homeostasis in plants. Here, we identified a dominant mutant, dwarf and round leaf-1 (drl1-D), which exhibits weak BR-deficient or BR-insensitive mutant phenotypes, including short and round leaves, prolonged senescence, dwarfed shape, and altered expression levels of the BR-responsive genes. Hypocotyl length and root inhibition assays suggest that the drl1-D mutant responds to BRs normally, but has decreased BR signaling outputs. The endogenous levels of several BRs, including typhasterol (TY), 6-deoxotyphasterol (6-deoxoTY), and 6-deoxocastasterone (6-deoxoCS), are significantly lower in the drl1-D mutant than in the wild-type. The DRL1 gene encodes an acyltransferase and is widely expressed in leaves, roots, flowers, and siliques. Plants without DRL1 and its homologs are larger with an enhanced BR signaling. The expression of DRL1 was induced by eBL and inhibited by ABA. DRL1 is involved in the BR metabolism likely by catalyzing the BR conjugation through esterification, which plays important roles in regulating the BR homeostasis and responding to abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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42
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Sakamoto T, Morinaka Y, Inukai Y, Kitano H, Fujioka S. Auxin signal transcription factor regulates expression of the brassinosteroid receptor gene in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 73:676-88. [PMID: 23146214 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones auxins and brassinosteroids are both essential regulators of physiological and developmental processes, and it has been suggested that they act inter-dependently and synergistically. In rice (Oryza sativa), auxin co-application improves the brassinosteroid response in the rice lamina inclination bioassay. Here, we showed that auxins stimulate brassinosteroid perception by regulating the level of brassinosteroid receptor. Auxin treatment increased expression of the rice brassinosteroid receptor gene OsBRI1. The promoter of OsBRI1 contains an auxin-response element (AuxRE) that is targeted by auxin-response factor (ARF) transcription factors. An AuxRE mutation abolished the induction of OsBRI1 expression by auxins, and OsBRI1 expression was down-regulated in an arf mutant. The AuxRE motif in the OsBRI1 promoter, and thus the transient up-regulation of OsBRI1 expression caused by treatment with indole-3-acetic acid, is essential for the indole-3-acetic acid-induced increase in sensitivity to brassinosteroids. These findings demonstrate that some ARFs control the degree of brassinosteroid perception required for normal growth and development in rice. Although multi-level interactions between auxins and brassinosteroids have previously been reported, our findings suggest a mechanism by which auxins control cellular sensitivity to brassinosteroids, and further support the notion that interactions between auxins and brassinosteroids are extensive and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
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43
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Choi S, Cho YH, Kim K, Matsui M, Son SH, Kim SK, Fujioka S, Hwang I. BAT1, a putative acyltransferase, modulates brassinosteroid levels in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 73:380-91. [PMID: 23020607 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential for various aspects of plant development. Cellular BR homeostasis is critical for proper growth and development of plants; however, its regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. BAT1 (BR-related acyltransferase 1), a gene encoding a putative acyltransferase, was found to be involved in vascular bundle development in a full-length cDNA over-expressor (FOX) screen. Over-expression of BAT1 resulted in typical BR-deficient phenotypes, which were rescued by exogenously applied castasterone and brassinolide. Analyses of BR profiles demonstrated that BAT1 alters levels of several brassinolide biosynthetic intermediates, including 6-deoxotyphasterol, typhasterol and 6-deoxocastasterone. BAT1 is mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. BAT1 is highly expressed in young tissues and vascular bundles, and its expression is induced by auxin. These data suggest that BAT1 is involved in BR homeostasis, probably by conversion of brassinolide intermediates into acylated BR conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhwa Choi
- Department of Life Science, POSTECH, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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44
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Son SH, Youn JH, Kim MK, Kim SK. C-26 Demethylation of Brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis thaliana. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.1.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Hamberger B, Bak S. Plant P450s as versatile drivers for evolution of species-specific chemical diversity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120426. [PMID: 23297350 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The irreversible nature of reactions catalysed by P450s makes these enzymes landmarks in the evolution of plant metabolic pathways. Founding members of P450 families are often associated with general (i.e. primary) metabolic pathways, restricted to single copy or very few representatives, indicative of purifying selection. Recruitment of those and subsequent blooms into multi-member gene families generates genetic raw material for functional diversification, which is an inherent characteristic of specialized (i.e. secondary) metabolism. However, a growing number of highly specialized P450s from not only the CYP71 clan indicate substantial contribution of convergent and divergent evolution to the observed general and specialized metabolite diversity. We will discuss examples of how the genetic and functional diversification of plant P450s drives chemical diversity in light of plant evolution. Even though it is difficult to predict the function or substrate of a P450 based on sequence similarity, grouping with a family or subfamily in phylogenetic trees can indicate association with metabolism of particular classes of compounds. Examples will be given that focus on multi-member gene families of P450s involved in the metabolic routes of four classes of specialized metabolites: cyanogenic glucosides, glucosinolates, mono- to triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Xin P, Yan J, Fan J, Chu J, Yan C. A dual role of boronate affinity in high-sensitivity detection of vicinal diol brassinosteroids from sub-gram plant tissues via UPLC-MS/MS. Analyst 2013; 138:1342-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mizutani M. Impacts of diversification of cytochrome P450 on plant metabolism. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:824-32. [PMID: 22687470 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) catalyze a wide variety of monooxygenation reactions in primary and secondary metabolism in plants. The share of P450 genes in each plant genome is estimated to be up to 1%. This implies that the diversification of P450 has made a significant contribution to the ability to acquire the emergence of new metabolic pathways during land plant evolution. The P450 families conserved universally in land plants contribute to their chemical defense mechanisms. Several P450s are involved in the biosynthesis and catabolism of plant hormones. Species-specific P450 families are essential for the biosynthetic pathways of phytochemicals such as terpenoids and alkaloids. Genome wide analysis of the gene clusters including P450 genes will provide a clue to defining the metabolic roles of orphan P450s. Metabolic engineering with plant P450s is an important technology for large-scale production of valuable phytochemicals such as medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Mizutani
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Japan.
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48
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Zhao B, Li J. Regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis and inactivation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 54:746-59. [PMID: 22963251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of naturally-occurring steroidal phytohormones playing fundamental roles during normal plant growth and development. Using a combination of experimental approaches, including analytical chemistry, genetics, and biochemistry, the major BR biosynthetic pathway has been largely elucidated. The least-understood knowledge in the BR research field is probably the molecular mechanisms controlling the bioactive levels of BRs in response to various developmental and environmental cues. In this review, we focus our discussion on a recently-proposed, 8-step predominant BR biosynthetic pathway, several newly-identified transcription factors regulating the expression of key enzymes that catalyze BR biosynthesis, and up-to-date information about the mechanisms that plants use to inactivate unnecessary BRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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49
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Sakamoto T, Ohnishi T, Fujioka S, Watanabe B, Mizutani M. Rice CYP90D2 and CYP90D3 catalyze C-23 hydroxylation of brassinosteroids in vitro. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 58:220-6. [PMID: 22846333 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are biosynthesized from campesterol via several cytochrome P450 (P450)-catalyzed oxidative reactions. We report the biochemical characterization of two brassinosteroid-biosynthetic P450s from rice: CYP90D2 and CYP90D3. A rice dwarf mutant, ebisu dwarf (d2), which contains a defective copy of CYP90D2, is known to be a brassinosteroid-deficient mutant, and CYP90D2 has been considered to act as a C-3 dehydrogenase. However, in vitro biochemical assays using baculovirus/insect cell-produced proteins revealed that both CYP90D2 and CYP90D3 catalyze C-23 hydroxylation of various 22-hydroxylated brassinosteroids, but with markedly different catalytic efficiencies. Both enzymes preferentially convert (22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergost-4-en-3-one, (22S,24R)-22-hydroxy-5α-ergostan-3-one, and 3-epi-6-deoxocathasterone to the corresponding 23-hydroxylated products, but are less active in the conversion of (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol and 6-deoxocathasterone, in vitro. Consistently, the levels of 23-hydroxylated products of these intermediates, namely, 6-deoxoteasterone, 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone, and 6-deoxotyphasterol were decreased in d2 mutants. These results indicate that CYP90D2 and CYP90D3 can act as brassinosteroid C-23 hydroxylases in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921 8836, Japan.
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50
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Thornton LE, Peng H, Neff MM. Rice CYP734A cytochrome P450s inactivate brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2011; 234:1151-62. [PMID: 21735198 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous brassinosteroid concentrations are an important target for optimizing the growth of crop plants because these hormones influence yield and stress tolerance. The CYP734A subfamily of cytochrome P450 enzymes has been shown to inactivate brassinosteroid hormones in Arabidopsis and tomato. Rice has three genes for CYP734A enzymes whose expression appears to be up-regulated by exogenous brassinolide. The amino acids predicted to be in the active site of the rice enzymes vary when compared with the Arabidopsis protein sequence, suggesting that there could be differences in their ability to inactivate the hormone. We have cloned three CYP734A rice genes and expressed them in Arabidopsis to assess their efficacy as brassinosteroid-inactivating enzymes. We found that incorrect transcript splicing can complicate the expression of monocot genomic clones in a eudicot. However, the Arabidopsis system allowed us to characterize an atypical splice variant in one of the rice genes. cDNA clones produced high levels of expression and conferred the brassinosteroid inactivation phenotype. This study shows that Arabidopsis is a useful heterologous system for testing plant genes predicted to act in biochemical pathways that are conserved between monocots and eudicots.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/drug effects
- Arabidopsis/enzymology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Brassinosteroids/chemistry
- Brassinosteroids/metabolism
- Brassinosteroids/pharmacology
- Cholestanols/chemistry
- Cholestanols/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Oryza/enzymology
- Oryza/genetics
- Phenotype
- Phylogeny
- Plant Growth Regulators/chemistry
- Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism
- Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Steroids, Heterocyclic/chemistry
- Steroids, Heterocyclic/metabolism
- Steroids, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeann E Thornton
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Rd, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA.
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