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Özkan-Kotiloğlu S, Kaya-Akyüzlü D, Güven E, Doğan Ö, Ağtaş-Ertan E, Özgür-İlhan İ. A case control study investigating the methylation levels of GHRL and GHSR genes in alcohol use disorder. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:663. [PMID: 38771494 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a relapsing disease described as excessive use of alcohol. Evidence of the role of DNA methylation in addiction is accumulating. Ghrelin is an important peptide known as appetite hormone and its role in addictive behavior has been identified. Here we aimed to determine the methylation levels of two crucial genes (GHRL and GHSR) in ghrelin signaling and further investigate the association between methylation ratios and plasma ghrelin levels. METHODS Individuals diagnosed with (n = 71) and without (n = 82) AUD were recruited in this study. DNA methylation levels were measured through methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). Acylated ghrelin levels were detected by ELISA. The GHRL rs696217 polymorphism was analyzed by the standard PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS GHRL was significantly hypermethylated (P < 0.0022) in AUD between 25 and 50% methylation than in control subjects but no significant changes of GHSR methylation were observed. Moreover, GHRL showed significant positive correlation of methylation ratio between 25 and 50% with age. A significant positive correlation between GHSR methylation and ghrelin levels in the AUD group was determined (P = 0.037). The level of GHRL methylation and the ghrelin levels showed a significant association in the control subjects (P = 0.042). CONCLUSION GHSR and GHRL methylation levels did not change significantly between control and AUD groups. However, GHRL and GHSR methylations seemed to have associations with plasma ghrelin levels in two groups. This is the first study investigating the DNA methylation of GHRL and GHSR genes in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Özkan-Kotiloğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Türkiye.
| | | | - Emine Güven
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Düzce University, Düzce, Türkiye
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Özlem Doğan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ece Ağtaş-Ertan
- Department of Mental Health and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - İnci Özgür-İlhan
- Department of Mental Health and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
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2
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Wu T, Cai W, Chen X. Epigenetic regulation of neurotransmitter signaling in neurological disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 184:106232. [PMID: 37479091 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmission signaling is a highly conserved system attributed to various regulatory events. The excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems have been extensively studied, and their role in neuronal cell proliferation, synaptogenesis and dendrite formation in the adult brain is well established. Recent research has shown that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in mediating the expression of key genes associated with neurotransmitter pathways, including neurotransmitter receptor and transporter genes. The dysregulation of these genes has been linked to a range of neurological disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. This article focuses on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of genes associated with four major chemical carriers in the brain: dopamine (DA), Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and serotonin. Additionally, we explore how aberrant epigenetic regulation of these genes can contribute to the pathogenesis of relevant neurological disorders. By targeting the epigenetic mechanisms that control neurotransmitter gene expression, there is a promising opportunity to advance the development of more effective treatments for neurological disorders with the potential to significantly improve the quality of life of individuals impacted by these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyan Wu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Weili Cai
- School of Medical Technology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 22305, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
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3
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Zheng Q, Wang H, Yan A, Yin F, Qiao X. DNA Methylation in Alcohol Use Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10130. [PMID: 37373281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive drinking damages the central nervous system of individuals and can even cause alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD is regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. Genes determine susceptibility to alcohol, and the dysregulation of epigenome drives the abnormal transcription program and promotes the occurrence and development of AUD. DNA methylation is one of the earliest and most widely studied epigenetic mechanisms that can be inherited stably. In ontogeny, DNA methylation pattern is a dynamic process, showing differences and characteristics at different stages. DNA dysmethylation is prevalent in human cancer and alcohol-related psychiatric disorders, resulting in local hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing of related genes. Here, we summarize recent findings on the roles and regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation, the development of methyltransferase inhibitors, methylation alteration during alcohol exposure at different stages of life, and possible therapeutic options for targeting methylation in human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmeng Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - An Yan
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fangyuan Yin
- School of Medicine, College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaomeng Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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4
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Liu P, Liang J, Jiang F, Cai W, Shen F, Liang J, Zhang J, Sun Z, Sui N. Gnas Promoter Hypermethylation in the Basolateral Amygdala Regulates Reconsolidation of Morphine Reward Memory in Rats. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030553. [PMID: 35328106 PMCID: PMC8950747 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairing reconsolidation may disrupt drug memories to prevent relapse, meanwhile long-term transcription regulations in the brain regions contribute to the occurrence of emotional memories. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is involved in the drug-cue association, while the nucleus accumbens (NAc) responds to the drug reward. Here, we assessed whether DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) in these two brain regions function identically in the reconsolidation of morphine reward memory. We show that Dnmts inhibition in the BLA but not in the NAc after memory retrieval impaired reconsolidation of a morphine reward memory. Moreover, the mRNA levels of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, rather than Dnmt1, in the BLA were continuously upregulated after retrieval. We further identified the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in genes in the BLA after retrieval, and focused on the DMRs located in gene promoter regions. Among them were three genes (Gnas, Sox10, and Pik3r1) involved in memory modulation. Furthermore, Gnas promoter hypermethylation was confirmed to be inversely correlated with the downregulation of Gnas mRNA levels. The findings indicate that the specific transcription regulation mechanism in the BLA and NAc on reconsolidation of opiate-associated memories can be dissociable, and DNA hypermethylation of Gnas in the BLA is necessary for the reconsolidation of morphine reward memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (P.L.); (F.J.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (N.S.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jialong Liang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Fengze Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (P.L.); (F.J.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (N.S.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wanshi Cai
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Fang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (P.L.); (F.J.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (N.S.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (P.L.); (F.J.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (N.S.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (P.L.); (F.J.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (N.S.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhongsheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (J.L.); (W.C.)
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Z.S.)
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (P.L.); (F.J.); (F.S.); (J.L.); (N.S.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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5
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Longley MJ, Lee J, Jung J, Lohoff FW. Epigenetics of alcohol use disorder-A review of recent advances in DNA methylation profiling. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13006. [PMID: 33538087 PMCID: PMC8596445 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although there is a heritable component, the etiology of AUD is complex and can involve environmental exposures like trauma and can be associated with many different patterns of alcohol consumption. Epigenetic modifications, which can mediate the influence of genetic variants and environmental variables on gene expression, have emerged as an important area of AUD research. Over the past decade, the number of studies investigating AUD and DNA methylation, a form of epigenetic modification, has grown rapidly. Yet we are still far from understanding how DNA methylation contributes to or reflects aspects of AUD. In this paper, we reviewed studies of DNA methylation and AUD and discussed how the field has evolved. We found that global DNA and candidate DNA methylation studies did not produce replicable results. To assess whether findings of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) were replicated, we aggregated significant findings across studies and identified 184 genes and 15 gene ontological pathways that were differentially methylated in at least two studies and four genes and three gene ontological pathways that were differentially methylated in three studies. These genes and pathways repeatedly found enrichment of immune processes, which is in line with recent developments suggesting that the immune system may be altered in AUD. Finally, we assess the current limitations of studies of DNA methylation and AUD and make recommendations on how to design future studies to resolve outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha J. Longley
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental TherapeuticsNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental TherapeuticsNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental TherapeuticsNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental TherapeuticsNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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6
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Siomek-Gorecka A, Dlugosz A, Czarnecki D. The Molecular Basis of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Genetics, Epigenetics, and Nutrition in AUD: An Amazing Triangle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084262. [PMID: 33924016 PMCID: PMC8072802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a very common and complex disease, as alcohol is the most widely used addictive drug in the world. This disorder has an enormous impact on public health and social and private life, and it generates a huge number of social costs. Alcohol use stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses and is the cause of many physical and social problems (especially liver disease and cancer), accidental injury, and risky sexual behavior. For years, researchers have been trying to identify the genetic basis of alcohol use disorder, the molecular mechanisms responsible for its development, and an effective form of therapy. Genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to the development of AUD, and the expression of genes is a complicated process that depends on epigenetic modulations. Dietary nutrients, such as vitamins, may serve as one these modulators, as they have a direct impact on epigenomes. In this review, we connect gathered knowledge from three emerging fields-genetics, epigenetics, and nutrition-to form an amazing triangle relating to alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Siomek-Gorecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-095 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-37-48
| | - Anna Dlugosz
- Department of Engineering and Chemical and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Damian Czarnecki
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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7
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Witt SH, Frank J, Frischknecht U, Treutlein J, Streit F, Foo JC, Sirignano L, Dukal H, Degenhardt F, Koopmann A, Hoffmann S, Koller G, Pogarell O, Preuss UW, Zill P, Adorjan K, Schulze TG, Nöthen M, Spanagel R, Kiefer F, Rietschel M. Acute alcohol withdrawal and recovery in men lead to profound changes in DNA methylation profiles: a longitudinal clinical study. Addiction 2020; 115:2034-2044. [PMID: 32080920 DOI: 10.1111/add.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Withdrawal is a serious and sometimes life-threatening event in alcohol-dependent individuals. It has been suggested that epigenetic processes may play a role in this context. This study aimed to identify genes and pathways involved in such processes which hint to relevant mechanisms underlying withdrawal. DESIGN Cross-sectional case-control study and longitudinal within-cases study during alcohol withdrawal and after 2 weeks of recovery SETTING: Addiction medicine departments in two university hospitals in southern Germany. PARTICIPANTS/CASES Ninety-nine alcohol-dependent male patients receiving in-patient treatment and suffering from severe withdrawal symptoms during detoxification and 95 age-matched male controls. MEASUREMENTS Epigenome-wide methylation patterns were analyzed in patients during acute alcohol withdrawal and after 2 weeks of recovery, as well as in age-matched controls using Illumina EPIC bead chips. Methylation levels of patients and controls were tested for association with withdrawal status. Tests were adjusted for technical and batch effects, age, smoking and cell type distribution. Single-site analysis, as well as an analysis of differentially methylated regions and gene ontology analysis, were performed. FINDINGS We found pronounced epigenome-wide significant [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05] differences between patients during withdrawal and after 2 weeks [2876 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites], as well as between patients and controls (9845 and 6094 CpG sites comparing patients at time-point 1 and patients at time-point 2 versus controls, respectively). Analysis of differentially methylated regions and involved pathways revealed an over-representation of gene ontology terms related to the immune system response. Differences between patients and controls diminished after recovery (> 800 CpG sites less), suggesting a partial reversibility of alcohol- and withdrawal-related methylation. CONCLUSIONS Acute alcohol withdrawal in severely dependent male patients appears to be associated with extensive changes in epigenome-wide methylation patterns. In particular, genes involved in immune system response seem to be affected by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Frischknecht
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jerome C Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Sirignano
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Helene Dukal
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabi Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Preuss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University (MLU), Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Peter Zill
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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8
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Wiers CE, Lohoff FW, Lee J, Muench C, Freeman C, Zehra A, Marenco S, Lipska BK, Auluck PK, Feng N, Sun H, Goldman D, Swanson JM, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Methylation of the dopamine transporter gene in blood is associated with striatal dopamine transporter availability in ADHD: A preliminary study. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 48:1884-1895. [PMID: 30033547 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine transporters (DAT) are implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and are upregulated by chronic treatment with methylphenidate, commonly prescribed for ADHD. Methylation of the DAT1 gene in brain and blood has been associated with DAT expression in rodents' brains. Here we tested the association between methylation of the DAT1 promoter derived from blood and DAT availability in the striatum of unmedicated ADHD adult participants and in that of healthy age-matched controls (HC) using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and [11 C]cocaine. Results showed no between-group differences in DAT1 promoter methylation or striatal DAT availability. However, the degree of methylation in the promoter region of DAT1 correlated negatively with DAT availability in caudate in ADHD participants only. DAT availability in VS correlated with inattention scores in ADHD participants. We verified in a postmortem cohort with ADHD diagnosis and without, that DAT1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood correlated positively with DAT1 promoter methylation extracted from substantia nigra (SN) in both groups. In the cohort without ADHD diagnosis, DAT1 gene expression in SN further correlated positively with DAT protein expression in caudate; however, the sample size of the cohort with ADHD was insufficient to investigate DAT1 and DAT expression levels. Overall, these findings suggest that peripheral DAT1 promoter methylation may be predictive of striatal DAT availability in adults with ADHD. Due to the small sample size, more work is needed to validate whether DAT1 methylation in blood predicts DAT1 methylation in SN in ADHD and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinde E Wiers
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jisoo Lee
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine Muench
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clara Freeman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amna Zehra
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stefano Marenco
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barbara K Lipska
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pavan K Auluck
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ningping Feng
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hui Sun
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Goldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James M Swanson
- Child Development Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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9
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Hillemacher T, Rhein M, Burkert A, Heberlein A, Wilhelm J, Glahn A, Muschler MAN, Kahl KG, Kornhuber J, Bleich S, Frieling H. DNA-methylation of the dopamin receptor 2 gene is altered during alcohol withdrawal. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1250-1257. [PMID: 31530416 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dopaminergic neurotransmission is known to be of crucial importance in addictive behavior. Epigenetic regulation like methylation of DNA influences the function of dopaminergic transmission. The present study investigated alterations of DNA methylation in the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2)-gene in patients suffering from alcohol dependence. The study sample consists of 99 alcohol dependent males admitted for alcohol withdrawal treatment and a control group of 33 healthy participants. Blood samples underwent bisulfite sequencing to determine levels of DNA-methylation of the promoter region of the DRD2 gene. Mixed linear modeling was used to test differences between patients and controls, course of methylation during detoxification. While DRD2-gene methylation did not differ significantly between patients and controls, we found a significant increase of DRD2-gene methylation during alcohol withdrawal/early abstinence. Craving, measured with the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), was significantly associated with DRD2-gene methylation. Furthermore, smoking significantly influenced DRD2-gene methylation in both, patients and controls. As in other types of addictive disorders, DRD2-gene methylation is altered during alcohol withdrawal/early abstinence. The findings regarding an association with alcohol craving and tobacco consumption point towards a crucial role of DRD2-gene methylation in the neurobiology of addictive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hillemacher
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Rhein
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Molecular Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Alexandra Burkert
- Molecular Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Annemarie Heberlein
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Wilhelm
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Glahn
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Andre Nicolas Muschler
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Molecular Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Kai G Kahl
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Molecular Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Center for Addiction Research (CARe), Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Molecular Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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10
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Soder HE, Webber TA, Bornovalova MA, Park JY, Potts GF. A test of dopamine hyper- and hyposensitivity in alcohol use. Addict Behav 2019; 90:395-401. [PMID: 30530298 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biases in outcome processing, mediated by the mesocortical dopaminergic (DA) system, may predict individual differences in the frequency and quantity of alcohol use. We tested the hypothesis that genetic markers associated with increased DA neurotransmission contribute to reduced neural sensitivity to costs and increased alcohol use in an undergraduate sample. We created a DA transmission score using five genetic markers related to DA transmission and assessed neural sensitivity to cost using the feedback-related negativity (FRN), an event-related potential implicated in neural outcome evaluation, on both passive evaluative and active decision-making tasks. Self-reported alcohol use was assessed using the Daily Drinking Questionnaire-Revised. Participants with a higher DA transmission score reported increased alcohol consumption and exhibited a more blunted FRN on both the passive and active tasks. While dopamine hyposensitivity is common among chronic alcohol users, these data provide preliminary evidence that hypersensitivity of the dopamine system may underlie increased alcohol use in those who have not yet developed a chronic alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Soder
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL 33620, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, BBSB 1st Floor, Houston, TX 77054, United States.
| | - Troy A Webber
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Marina A Bornovalova
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Geoffrey F Potts
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
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11
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Dupras C, Song L, Saulnier KM, Joly Y. Epigenetic Discrimination: Emerging Applications of Epigenetics Pointing to the Limitations of Policies Against Genetic Discrimination. Front Genet 2018; 9:202. [PMID: 29937773 PMCID: PMC6002493 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over more than two decades, various policies have been adopted worldwide to restrict the use of individual genetic information for non-medical reasons by third parties and prevent ‘genetic discrimination’. In this paper, we bring attention to the growing interest for individual epigenetic information by insurers and forensic scientists. We question whether such interest could lead to ‘epigenetic discrimination’ – the differential adverse treatment or abusive profiling of individuals or groups based on their actual or presumed epigenetic characteristics – and argue that we might already be facing the limitations of recently adopted normative approaches against genetic discrimination. First, we highlight some similarities and differences between genetic and epigenetic modifications, and stress potential challenges to regulating epigenetic discrimination. Second, we argue that most existing normative approaches against genetic discrimination fall short in providing oversight into the field of epigenetics. We conclude with a call for discussion on the issue, and the development of comprehensive and forward-looking preventive strategies against epigenetic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Dupras
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lingqiao Song
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katie M Saulnier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yann Joly
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Liu C, Jiao C, Wang K, Yuan N. DNA Methylation and Psychiatric Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 157:175-232. [PMID: 29933950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation has been an important area of research in the study of molecular mechanism to psychiatric disorders. Recent evidence has suggested that abnormalities in global methylation, methylation of genes, and pathways could play a role in the etiology of many forms of mental illness. In this article, we review the mechanisms of DNA methylation, including the genetic and environmental factors affecting methylation changes. We report and discuss major findings regarding DNA methylation in psychiatric patients, both within the context of global methylation studies and gene-specific methylation studies. Finally, we discuss issues surrounding data quality improvement, the limitations of current methylation analysis methods, and the possibility of using DNA methylation-based treatment for psychiatric disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States; School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Chuan Jiao
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kangli Wang
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- Hunan Brain Hospital, Changsha, China
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13
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Muench C, Wiers CE, Cortes CR, Momenan R, Lohoff FW. Dopamine Transporter Gene Methylation is Associated with Nucleus Accumbens Activation During Reward Processing in Healthy but not Alcohol-Dependent Individuals. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:21-31. [PMID: 29030974 PMCID: PMC6010188 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol's reinforcement is mediated by dopamine signaling in the ventral striatum, which is modulated by the dopamine transporter (DAT). We hypothesized that methylomic variation in the DAT gene (DAT1/SLC6A3) affects DAT expression, thus contributing to differences in brain reward circuitry in individuals with alcohol dependence (ALC). METHODS Blood from 45 recently detoxified ALC and 45 healthy control (HC) individuals was used to assess DNA methylation across 5 functional regions of SLC6A3. Participants completed the monetary incentive delay task in a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Employing regression models, we examined effects of SLC6A3 methylation on nucleus accumbens (NAc) blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses during anticipation of high/low reward/loss. RESULTS Results showed that decreased methylation of the promoter region of SLC6A3 predicted NAc activation during high loss anticipation (p = 0.028) and low loss anticipation (at trend-level; p = 0.057) in HC but not in individuals with ALC. Specifically, percentage of methylation at 2 CpG sites, located -1,001 and -993 base pairs from the transcription start site, accounted for significant variability in NAc activation in the HC group during high (ps ≤ 0.010) and low (ps ≤ 0.006) loss anticipation. There was no effect on reward anticipation. Furthermore, promoter methylation was positively associated with age, which replicates previous findings. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that methylation in the promoter region of SLC6A3 predicts NAc activation during the anticipation of monetary loss in HCs. However, this effect was not present in the ALC group, suggesting that epigenetic regulation of striatal DAT expression might be disrupted in ALC, which may contribute to previously reported differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment in this population. Alternatively, it is possible that a similar relationship in the ALC group remained undetected possibly due to methodological limitations inherent in functional MRI (e.g., poor spatial resolution, low signal-to-noise ratio) that generally restrict interpretations regarding mechanisms of epigenetic factors involved in group differences in BOLD responses. Future neuroimaging studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship between SLC6A3 methylation and NAc activation in ALC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Muench
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos R. Cortes
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Abstract
Human genetic variation is a major resource in forensics, but does not allow all forensically relevant questions to be answered. Some questions may instead be addressable via epigenomics, as the epigenome acts as an interphase between the fixed genome and the dynamic environment. We envision future forensic applications of DNA methylation analysis that will broaden DNA-based forensic intelligence. Together with genetic prediction of appearance and biogeographic ancestry, epigenomic lifestyle prediction is expected to increase the ability of police to find unknown perpetrators of crime who are not identifiable using current forensic DNA profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Vidaki
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ee1051, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ee1051, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Prom-Wormley EC, Ebejer J, Dick DM, Bowers MS. The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: A review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:241-259. [PMID: 28938182 PMCID: PMC5911369 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) remains a significant public health issue. A greater understanding of how genes and environment interact to regulate phenotypes comprising SUD will facilitate directed treatments and prevention. METHODS The literature studying the neurobiological correlates of SUD with a focus on the genetic and environmental influences underlying these mechanisms was reviewed. Results from twin/family, human genetic association, gene-environment interaction, epigenetic literature, phenome-wide association studies are summarized for alcohol, nicotine, cannabinoids, cocaine, and opioids. RESULTS There are substantial genetic influences on SUD that are expected to influence multiple neurotransmission pathways, and these influences are particularly important within the dopaminergic system. Genetic influences involved in other aspects of SUD etiology including drug processing and metabolism are also identified. Studies of gene-environment interaction emphasize the importance of environmental context in SUD. Epigenetic studies indicate drug-specific changes in gene expression as well as differences in gene expression related to the use of multiple substances. Further, gene expression is expected to differ by stage of SUD such as substance initiation versus chronic substance use. While a substantial literature has developed for alcohol and nicotine use disorders, there is comparatively less information for other commonly abused substances. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of genetically-mediated mechanisms involved in the neurobiology of SUD provides increased opportunity to develop behavioral and biologically based treatment and prevention of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley
- Dvision of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA.
| | - Jane Ebejer
- School of Cognitive Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842509, Richmond, VA 23284-2509, USA
| | - M Scott Bowers
- Faulk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Biomedical Engeneering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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16
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The correlation between DNA methylation and transcriptional expression of human dopamine transporter in cell lines. Neurosci Lett 2017; 662:91-97. [PMID: 29030220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between DNA methylation and expression of human dopamine transporter (hDAT). We examined methylation status of hDAT in cells with various hDAT expression levels, including two dopaminergic neural cell lines (SK-N-AS and SH-SY-5Y) and one non-dopaminergic cell line (HEK293) by bisulfite sequencing PCR(BSP). The effects of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-dC or/and histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi, sodium butyrate, NaB) on the DNA methylation status and mRNA expression levels of hDAT were examined. The results revealed marked hypomethylation of the two promoter regions (-1214 to -856bp and -48 to 439bp, the first base of exon 1 was taken as +1 bp)of hDAT in SK-N-AS (4.7%±2.0mC and 3.5%±1.0mC, respectively) compared with SH-SY-5Y (88.0%±4.4%mC and 81.1%±8.8%mC) and HEK293 (90.7%±2.4mC and 84.4%±8.6% mC) cell lines, indicating a cell-specific methylation regulation of hDAT. 5-aza-dC and NaB decreased hypermethylation,while increase hDAT expression in SH-SY-5Y cells and recovered hDAT mRNA expression in HEK293 cells. DNA methylation enabled the cell-specific differential expression of the hDAT gene. hDAT silencing was reversed by the introduction of DNA hypomethylation via 5-aza-dC or/and NaB.
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17
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Montalvo-Ortiz JL, Fisher DW, Rodriguez G, Fang D, Csernansky JG, Dong H. Histone deacetylase inhibitors reverse age-related increases in side effects of haloperidol in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2385-2398. [PMID: 28421257 PMCID: PMC5538925 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients can be especially susceptible to antipsychotic-induced side effects, and the pharmacodynamic mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. We hypothesized that age-related epigenetic alterations lead to decreased expression and functionality of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), contributing to this susceptibility. METHODS In this study, we treated young (2-3 months old) and aged (22-24 months old) C57BL/6 mice with the D2R antagonist haloperidol (HAL) once a day for 14 days to evaluate HAL-induced motor side effects. In addition, we pretreated separate groups of young and aged mice with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors valproic acid (VPA) or entinostat (MS-275) and then administered HAL. RESULTS Our results show that the motor side effects of HAL are exaggerated in aged mice as compared to young mice and that HDAC inhibitors are able to reverse the severity of these deficits. HAL-induced motor deficits in aged mice are associated with an age- and drug-dependent decrease in striatal D2R protein levels and functionality. Further, histone acetylation was reduced while histone tri-methylation was increased at specific lysine residues of H3 and H4 within the Drd2 promoter in the striatum of aged mice. HDAC inhibitors, particularly VPA, restored striatal D2R protein levels and functionality and reversed age- and drug-related histone modifications at the Drd2 promoter. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that epigenetic changes at the striatal Drd2 promoter drive age-related increases in antipsychotic side effect susceptibility, and HDAC inhibitors may be an effective adjunct treatment strategy to reduce side effects in aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janitza L. Montalvo-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel W. Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guadalupe Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John G. Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Ward 7-103, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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18
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Brückmann C, Islam SA, MacIsaac JL, Morin AM, Karle KN, Di Santo A, Wüst R, Lang I, Batra A, Kobor MS, Nieratschker V. DNA methylation signatures of chronic alcohol dependence in purified CD3 + T-cells of patients undergoing alcohol treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6605. [PMID: 28747766 PMCID: PMC5529570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown an association of alcohol dependence with DNA methylation (DNAm), suggesting that environmentally-induced changes on epigenomic variation may play an important role in alcohol dependence. In the present study, we analysed genome-wide DNAm profiles of purified CD3+ T-cells from pre- and post-treatment alcohol dependent patients, as well as closely matched healthy controls. We identified 59 differentially methylated CpG sites comparing patients prior to treatment with healthy controls and were able to confirm 8 of those sites in additional analyses for differentially methylated regions. Comparing patients before and after a 3-week alcohol treatment program we revealed another unique set of 48 differentially methylated CpG sites. Additionally, we found that the mean global DNAm was significantly lower in patients prior to treatment compared to controls, but reverted back to levels similar to controls after treatment. We validated top-ranked hits derived from the epigenome-wide analysis by pyrosequencing and further replicated two of them in an independent cohort and confirmed differential DNAm of HECW2 and SRPK3 in whole blood. This study is the first to show widespread DNAm variation in a disease-relevant blood cell type and implicates HECW2 and SRPK3 DNAm as promising blood-based candidates to follow up in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Brückmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sumaiya A Islam
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander M Morin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kathrin N Karle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adriana Di Santo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Richard Wüst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Immanuel Lang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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19
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Berkel TDM, Pandey SC. Emerging Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Alcohol Addiction. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:666-680. [PMID: 28111764 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex brain disorder with an array of persistent behavioral and neurochemical manifestations. Both genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to the development of AUD, and recent studies on alcohol exposure and subsequent changes in gene expression suggest the importance of epigenetic mechanisms. In particular, histone modifications and DNA methylation have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and associated phenotypes of AUD. Given the therapeutic potential of epigenetic targets, this review aims to summarize the role of epigenetic regulation in our current understanding of AUD by evaluating known epigenetic signatures of brain regions critical to addictive behaviors in both animal and human studies throughout various stages of AUD. More specifically, the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure, tolerance, and postexposure withdrawal on epigenetically induced changes to gene expression and synaptic plasticity within key brain regions and the associated behavioral phenotypes have been discussed. Understanding the contribution of epigenetic regulation to crucial signaling pathways may prove vital for future development of novel biomarkers and treatment agents in ameliorating or preventing AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffani D M Berkel
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Subhash C Pandey
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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20
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Lee HY, Lee SD, Shin KJ. Forensic DNA methylation profiling from evidence material for investigative leads. BMB Rep 2017; 49:359-69. [PMID: 27099236 PMCID: PMC5032003 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.7.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is emerging as an attractive marker providing investigative leads to solve crimes in forensic genetics. The identification of body fluids that utilizes tissue-specific DNA methylation can contribute to solving crimes by predicting activity related to the evidence material. The age estimation based on DNA methylation is expected to reduce the number of potential suspects, when the DNA profile from the evidence does not match with any known person, including those stored in the forensic database. Moreover, the variation in DNA implicates environmental exposure, such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, thereby suggesting the possibility to be used as a marker for predicting the lifestyle of potential suspect. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of DNA methylation variations and the utility of DNA methylation as a forensic marker for advanced investigative leads from evidence materials. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(7): 359-369]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Young Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soong Deok Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Shin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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21
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Zhang H, Gelernter J. Review: DNA methylation and alcohol use disorders: Progress and challenges. Am J Addict 2016; 26:502-515. [PMID: 27759945 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Risk for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is influenced by gene-environment interactions. Environmental factors can affect gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. This review outlines the findings regarding the association of DNA methylation and AUDs. METHODS We searched PubMed (by April 2016) and identified 29 studies that examined the association of DNA methylation and AUDs. We also evaluated the methods used in these studies. RESULTS Two studies demonstrated elevated global (repetitive element) DNA methylation levels in AUD subjects. Fifteen candidate gene studies showed hypermethylation of promoter regions of six genes (AVP, DNMT3B, HERP, HTR3A, OPRM1, and SNCA) or hypomethylation of the GDAP1 promoter region in AUD subjects. Five genome-wide DNA methylation studies demonstrated widespread DNA methylation changes across the genome in AUD subjects. Six studies showed significant correlations of DNA methylation with gene expression in AUD subjects. Three studies revealed interactive effects of genetic variation and DNA methylation on susceptibility to AUDs. Most studies analyzed AUD-associated DNA methylation changes in the peripheral blood; a few studies examined DNA methylation changes in postmortem brains of AUD subjects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Chronic alcohol consumption may result in DNA methylation changes, leading to neuroadaptations that may underlie some of the mechanisms of AUD risk and persistence. Future studies are needed to confirm the few existing results, and then to elucidate whether DNA methylation changes are the cause or consequence of AUDs. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE DNA methylation profiles may be used to assess AUD status or monitor AUD treatment response. (Am J Addict 2017;26:502-515).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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22
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Brückmann C, Di Santo A, Karle KN, Batra A, Nieratschker V. Validation of differential GDAP1 DNA methylation in alcohol dependence and its potential function as a biomarker for disease severity and therapy outcome. Epigenetics 2016; 11:456-63. [PMID: 27128683 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1179411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a severe disorder contributing substantially to the global burden of disease. Despite the detrimental consequences of chronic alcohol abuse and dependence, effective prevention strategies as well as treatment options are largely missing to date. Accumulating evidence suggests that gene-environment interactions, including epigenetic mechanisms, play a role in the etiology of alcohol dependence. A recent epigenome-wide study reported widespread alterations of DNA methylation patterns in alcohol dependent patients compared to control individuals. In the present study, we validate and replicate one of the top findings from this previous investigation in an independent cohort: the hypomethylation of GDAP1 in patients. To our knowledge, this is the first independent replication of an epigenome-wide finding in alcohol dependence. Furthermore, the AUDIT as well as the GSI score were negatively associated with GDAP1 methylation and we found a trend toward a negative association between GDAP1 methylation and the years of alcohol dependency, pointing toward a potential role of GDAP1 hypomethylation as biomarker for disease severity. In addition, we show that the hypomethylation of GDAP1 in patients reverses during a short-term alcohol treatment program, suggesting that GDAP1 DNA methylation could also serve as a potential biomarker for treatment outcome. Our data add to the growing body of knowledge on epigenetic effects in alcohol dependence and support GDAP1 as a novel candidate gene implicated in this disorder. As the role of GDAP1 in alcohol dependence is unknown, this novel candidate gene should be followed up in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Brückmann
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Adriana Di Santo
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Kathrin Nora Karle
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- b Section for Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
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23
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Current and Future Prospects for Epigenetic Biomarkers of Substance Use Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2015; 6:991-1022. [PMID: 26473933 PMCID: PMC4690026 DOI: 10.3390/genes6040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse has an enormous impact on economic and quality of life measures throughout the world. In more developed countries, overutilization of the most common forms of substances of abuse, alcohol and tobacco, is addressed primarily through prevention of substance use initiation and secondarily through the treatment of those with substance abuse or dependence. In general, these therapeutic approaches to substance abuse are deemed effective. However, there is a broad consensus that the development of additional tools to aid diagnosis, prioritize treatment selection and monitor treatment response could have substantial impact on the effectiveness of both substance use prevention and treatment. The recent demonstrations by a number of groups that substance use exposure is associated with robust changes in DNA methylation signatures of peripheral blood cells suggests the possibility that methylation assessments of blood or saliva could find broad clinical applications. In this article, we review recent progress in epigenetic approaches to substance use assessment with a particular emphasis on smoking (and alcohol) related applications. In addition, we highlight areas, such as the epigenetics of psychostimulant, opioid and cannabis abuse, which are markedly understudied and could benefit from intensified collaborative efforts to define epigenetic biomarkers of abuse and dependence.
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Cecil CAM, Walton E, Viding E. DNA Methylation, Substance Use and Addiction: a Systematic Review of Recent Animal and Human Research from a Developmental Perspective. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-015-0072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wiers CE, Shumay E, Volkow ND, Frieling H, Kotsiari A, Lindenmeyer J, Walter H, Bermpohl F. Effects of depressive symptoms and peripheral DAT methylation on neural reactivity to alcohol cues in alcoholism. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e648. [PMID: 26418276 PMCID: PMC5545640 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In alcohol-dependent (AD) patients, alcohol cues induce strong activations in brain areas associated with alcohol craving and relapse, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and amygdala. However, little is known about the influence of depressive symptoms, which are common in AD patients, on the brain's reactivity to alcohol cues. The methylation state of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT) has been associated with alcohol dependence, craving and depression, but its influence on neural alcohol cue reactivity has not been tested. Here, we compared brain reactivity to alcohol cues in 38 AD patients and 17 healthy controls (HCs) using functional magnetic resonance imaging and assessed the influence of depressive symptoms and peripheral DAT methylation in these responses. We show that alcoholics with low Beck's Depression Inventory scores (n=29) had higher cue-induced reactivity in NAc and amygdala than those with mild/moderate depression scores (n=9), though subjective perception of craving was higher in those with mild/moderate depression scores. We corroborated a higher DAT methylation in AD patients than HCs, and showed higher DAT methylation in AD patients with mild/moderate than low depression scores. Within the AD cohort, higher methylation predicted craving and, at trend level (P=0.095), relapse 1 year after abstinence. Finally, we show that amygdala cue reactivity correlated with craving and DAT methylation only in AD patients with low depression scores. These findings suggest that depressive symptoms and DAT methylation are associated with alcohol craving and associated brain processes in alcohol dependence, which may have important consequences for treatment. Moreover, peripheral DAT methylation may be a clinically relevant biomarker in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Wiers
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B2L124, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. E-mail:
| | - E Shumay
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Kotsiari
- Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - H Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Bermpohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Jasiewicz A, Rubiś B, Samochowiec J, Małecka I, Suchanecka A, Jabłoński M, Grzywacz A. DAT1 methylation changes in alcohol-dependent individuals vs. controls. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 64:130-3. [PMID: 25862379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dopaminergic system plays a crucial role in the development of alcohol dependence. Regulation of the extracellular dopamine concentration is driven by dopamine transporter. Both, the expression and function of dopamine transporter, are influenced by chronic alcohol intake. Dopamine transporter (DAT) gene is also supposed to be differentially methylated in alcohol-dependent patients than in controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. We analyzed the methylation status in 23 CpG islands of DAT gene promoter in alcohol dependent subjects (n = 171) and control (n = 160) group. RESULTS No statistical differences in the general frequency of DAT CpG islands was revealed between patients (altogether 175 methylated islands) and control subjects (170 methylated islands (p = 0.86). However it was revealed that one of analyzed positions is significantly more often methylated in control subjects than in alcohol dependent individuals (p = 0.0296). CONCLUSION Further subsequent studies are necessary to determine whether the methylation change of one (out of 23) CpG site results in DAT expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Jasiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Błażej Rubiś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Małecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suchanecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Jabłoński
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
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Januar V, Saffery R, Ryan J. Epigenetics and depressive disorders: a review of current progress and future directions. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:1364-87. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Sipahi L, Wildman DE, Aiello AE, Koenen KC, Galea S, Abbas A, Uddin M. Longitudinal epigenetic variation of DNA methyltransferase genes is associated with vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol Med 2014; 44:3165-79. [PMID: 25065861 PMCID: PMC4530981 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic differences exist between trauma-exposed individuals with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is unclear whether these epigenetic differences pre-exist, or arise following, trauma and PTSD onset. METHOD In pre- and post-trauma samples from a subset of Detroit Neighborhood Health Study participants, DNA methylation (DNAm) was measured at DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L. Pre-trauma DNAm differences and changes in DNAm from pre- to post-trauma were assessed between and within PTSD cases (n = 30) and age-, gender- and trauma exposure-matched controls (n = 30). Pre-trauma DNAm was tested for association with post-trauma symptom severity (PTSS) change. Potential functional consequences of DNAm differences were explored via bioinformatic search for putative transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). RESULTS DNMT1 DNAm increased following trauma in PTSD cases (p = 0.001), but not controls (p = 0.067). DNMT3A and DNMT3B DNAm increased following trauma in both cases (DNMT3A: p = 0.009; DNMT3B: p < 0.001) and controls (DNMT3A: p = 0.002; DNMT3B: p < 0.001). In cases only, pre-trauma DNAm was lower at a DNMT3B CpG site that overlaps with a TFBS involved in epigenetic regulation (p = 0.001); lower pre-trauma DNMT3B DNAm at this site was predictive of worsening of PTSS post-trauma (p = 0.034). Some effects were attenuated following correction for multiple hypothesis testing. CONCLUSIONS DNAm among trauma-exposed individuals shows both longitudinal changes and pre-existing epigenetic states that differentiate individuals who are resilient versus susceptible to PTSD. These distinctive DNAm differences within DNMT loci may contribute to genome-wide epigenetic profiles of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Sipahi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Derek E. Wildman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Allison E. Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sandro Galea
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Asad Abbas
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Monica Uddin
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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Zhang JJ, Han J, Sui N. Okadaic acid blocks the effects of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine on consolidation, acquisition and retrieval of morphine-induced place preference in rats. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:282-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lu YL, Richardson HN. Alcohol, stress hormones, and the prefrontal cortex: a proposed pathway to the dark side of addiction. Neuroscience 2014; 277:139-51. [PMID: 24998895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to alcohol produces changes in the prefrontal cortex that are thought to contribute to the development and maintenance of alcoholism. A large body of literature suggests that stress hormones play a critical role in this process. Here we review the bi-directional relationship between alcohol and stress hormones, and discuss how alcohol acutely stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and induces enduring modifications to neuroendocrine stress circuits during the transition from non-dependent drinking to alcohol dependence. We propose a pathway by which alcohol and stress hormones elicit neuroadaptive changes in prefrontal circuitry that could contribute functionally to a dampened neuroendocrine state and the increased propensity to relapse-a spiraling trajectory that could eventually lead to dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Lu
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - H N Richardson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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Spanagel R. Convergent functional genomics in addiction research - a translational approach to study candidate genes and gene networks. In Silico Pharmacol 2013; 1:18. [PMID: 25505662 PMCID: PMC4230431 DOI: 10.1186/2193-9616-1-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Convergent functional genomics (CFG) is a translational methodology that integrates in a Bayesian fashion multiple lines of evidence from studies in human and animal models to get a better understanding of the genetics of a disease or pathological behavior. Here the integration of data sets that derive from forward genetics in animals and genetic association studies including genome wide association studies (GWAS) in humans is described for addictive behavior. The aim of forward genetics in animals and association studies in humans is to identify mutations (e.g. SNPs) that produce a certain phenotype; i.e. "from phenotype to genotype". Most powerful in terms of forward genetics is combined quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis and gene expression profiling in recombinant inbreed rodent lines or genetically selected animals for a specific phenotype, e.g. high vs. low drug consumption. By Bayesian scoring genomic information from forward genetics in animals is then combined with human GWAS data on a similar addiction-relevant phenotype. This integrative approach generates a robust candidate gene list that has to be functionally validated by means of reverse genetics in animals; i.e. "from genotype to phenotype". It is proposed that studying addiction relevant phenotypes and endophenotypes by this CFG approach will allow a better determination of the genetics of addictive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
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32
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Spanagel R, Durstewitz D, Hansson A, Heinz A, Kiefer F, Köhr G, Matthäus F, Nöthen MM, Noori HR, Obermayer K, Rietschel M, Schloss P, Scholz H, Schumann G, Smolka M, Sommer W, Vengeliene V, Walter H, Wurst W, Zimmermann US, Stringer S, Smits Y, Derks EM. A systems medicine research approach for studying alcohol addiction. Addict Biol 2013; 18:883-96. [PMID: 24283978 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, about 2 billion people drink alcohol. Excessive alcohol consumption can result in alcohol addiction, which is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases afflicting our society today. Prevention and intervention of alcohol binging in adolescents and treatment of alcoholism are major unmet challenges affecting our health-care system and society alike. Our newly formed German SysMedAlcoholism consortium is using a new systems medicine approach and intends (1) to define individual neurobehavioral risk profiles in adolescents that are predictive of alcohol use disorders later in life and (2) to identify new pharmacological targets and molecules for the treatment of alcoholism. To achieve these goals, we will use omics-information from epigenomics, genetics transcriptomics, neurodynamics, global neurochemical connectomes and neuroimaging (IMAGEN; Schumann et al. ) to feed mathematical prediction modules provided by two Bernstein Centers for Computational Neurosciences (Berlin and Heidelberg/Mannheim), the results of which will subsequently be functionally validated in independent clinical samples and appropriate animal models. This approach will lead to new early intervention strategies and identify innovative molecules for relapse prevention that will be tested in experimental human studies. This research program will ultimately help in consolidating addiction research clusters in Germany that can effectively conduct large clinical trials, implement early intervention strategies and impact political and healthcare decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Spanagel
- Insitute of Psychopharmacology; Central Institute of Mental Health; Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Daniel Durstewitz
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience; Central Institute of Mental Health; Germany
| | - Anita Hansson
- Insitute of Psychopharmacology; Central Institute of Mental Health; Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine; Central Institute of Mental Health; Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry; Central Institute of Mental Health; Germany
| | - Georg Köhr
- Insitute of Psychopharmacology; Central Institute of Mental Health; Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | | | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Department of Psychiatry; Charité University Medical Center; Germany
| | - Hamid R. Noori
- Insitute of Psychopharmacology; Central Institute of Mental Health; Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Klaus Obermayer
- Institute of Applied Mathematics; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Centre; University of Bonn; Germany
| | - Patrick Schloss
- Neural Information Processing Group; Technical University of Berlin; Germany
| | - Henrike Scholz
- Behavioral Neurogenetics' Zoological Institute; University of Cologne; Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- MRC-SGDP Centre; Institute of Psychiatry; King's College; UK
| | - Michael Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Technical University Dresden; Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sommer
- Insitute of Psychopharmacology; Central Institute of Mental Health; Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Valentina Vengeliene
- Insitute of Psychopharmacology; Central Institute of Mental Health; Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine; Central Institute of Mental Health; Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics; Helmholtz Center Munich; Germany
| | - Uli S. Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Technical University Dresden; Germany
| | - Sven Stringer
- Psychiatry Department; Academic Medical Center; The Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center; The Netherlands
| | - Yannick Smits
- Psychiatry Department; Academic Medical Center; The Netherlands
| | - Eske M. Derks
- Psychiatry Department; Academic Medical Center; The Netherlands
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Nieratschker V, Batra A, Fallgatter AJ. Genetics and epigenetics of alcohol dependence. J Mol Psychiatry 2013; 1:11. [PMID: 25408904 PMCID: PMC4223883 DOI: 10.1186/2049-9256-1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a severe and common disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Genetic as well as environmental factors are known to modulate susceptibility to alcohol dependence. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that this interaction between the genome and the environment is mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, e.g. DNA methylation at CpG sites. Following an introduction of epigenetic regulation of gene transcription, this review will provide an overview over recent genetic and epigenetic findings in the context of alcohol dependence focusing on human studies. Finally, we will discuss the current limitations of epigenetic studies as well as the implications of genetic and epigenetic findings for the development of better treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Germany, Calwerstrasse 14, Tuebingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Germany, Calwerstrasse 14, Tuebingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Germany, Calwerstrasse 14, Tuebingen, 72076 Germany
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Anderson-Schmidt H, Beltcheva O, Brandon MD, Byrne EM, Diehl EJ, Duncan L, Gonzalez SD, Hannon E, Kantojärvi K, Karagiannidis I, Kos MZ, Kotyuk E, Laufer BI, Mantha K, McGregor NW, Meier S, Nieratschker V, Spiers H, Squassina A, Thakur GA, Tiwari Y, Viswanath B, Way MJ, Wong CCP, O'Shea A, DeLisi LE. Selected rapporteur summaries from the XX World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics, Hamburg, Germany, October 14-18, 2012. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:96-121. [PMID: 23341144 PMCID: PMC4090768 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The XXth World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics (WCPG), sponsored by The International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (ISPG) took place in Hamburg, Germany on October 14-18, 2012. Approximately 600 participants gathered to discuss the latest findings in this rapidly advancing field. The following report was written by student travel awardees. Each was assigned sessions as rapporteurs. This manuscript represents topics covered in most, but not all, oral presentations during the conference, and some of the major notable new findings reported at this 2012 WCPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Anderson-Schmidt
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section of Psychiatric Genetics, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany, Phone: 0049 551 3920485
| | - Olga Beltcheva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University – Sofia, 2 Zdrave str., SBALAG “Maichin dom”, et. 14, Phone: +359 2 9172 268
| | - Mariko D Brandon
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 421 Van Buren Street, Nashville, TN 37208, Phone: 205-529-2138
| | - Enda M Byrne
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia, Queensland Brain Institute, Upland Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia, Phone: +61 7 3346 6300
| | - Eric J Diehl
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London Ontario Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Laramie Duncan
- Harvard School of Public Health, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, phone: (303) 819-8952, fax: 617- 726-0830
| | - Suzanne D Gonzalez
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Center of Excellence in Neurosciences, 454 Soledad St. Suite 200, San Antonio, TX, 78205, Phone: 210-270-1980, Fax: 210-270-1985
| | - Eilis Hannon
- Institute of Psychologoical Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, +44 02920 687863
| | - Katri Kantojärvi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Phone: +358 50 3598450, Fax: +358 9 191 25105
| | - Iordanis Karagiannidis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Panepistimioupoli, Dragana Alexandroupoli 68100, Greece, Phone: +306943023084
| | - Mark Z Kos
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 N.W. Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, Phone: (210) 258-9880, Fax: (210) 258-9444
| | - Eszter Kotyuk
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, 1064 Budapest, Izabella utca 46. Phone: +36306572144
| | - Benjamin I Laufer
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario Canada N6A 5B7, phone: 519 661 2111 x86928
| | - Katarzyna Mantha
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7, Phone: 519-661-2111 x86928
| | - Nathaniel W McGregor
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Medical Campus, Tygerberg, South Africa, 7505, Phone: (+27)21 938 9692 (lab), Fax: (+27)21 938 9863
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany, Phone: 49 621 1703 6071, Fax: 49 621 1703 6065
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Phone: 004962117036091, Fax: 004962117036055
| | - Helen Spiers
- King's College London, MRC SGDP Centre PO82, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, Phone: 020 7848 0873, Fax: 020 7848 0866
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sp 8, Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy, Phone +39 070 675 4334, Fax +39 070 675 4320
| | - Geeta A Thakur
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4H 1R3, Phone: 1-514-761-6131 ext. 3429, Fax: 1-514-888-4064
| | - Yash Tiwari
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia, Phone: (+61) 02 93991112, Fax: (+61) 02 9399 1005
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore – 560029, Phone: +91 80 26995261, Fax: +91 80 26564822
| | - Michael J Way
- University College London, Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, UCL Mental Health Sciences Unit, Rockefeller Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT
| | - Cybele CP Wong
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, PO80, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom, Phone: (44) 20 7848 0521
| | - Anne O'Shea
- Coordinator and editor of reports. Address all correspondence to Lynn E DeLisi, MD, Harvard Medical School, Brockton VA Boston Healthcare System, 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA 02301, Phone: 774-826-3155, Fax: 774-826-1758, DeLisi76aol.com
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- Coordinator and editor of reports. Address all correspondence to Lynn E DeLisi, MD, Harvard Medical School, Brockton VA Boston Healthcare System, 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA 02301, Phone: 774-826-3155, Fax: 774-826-1758, DeLisi76aol.com
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Duncan JR. Current perspectives on the neurobiology of drug addiction: a focus on genetics and factors regulating gene expression. ISRN NEUROLOGY 2012; 2012:972607. [PMID: 23097719 PMCID: PMC3477671 DOI: 10.5402/2012/972607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder defined by cyclic patterns of compulsive drug seeking and taking interspersed with episodes of abstinence. While genetic variability may increase the risk of addictive behaviours in an individual, exposure to a drug results in neuroadaptations in interconnected brain circuits which, in susceptible individuals, are believed to underlie the transition to, and maintenance of, an addicted state. These adaptations can occur at the cellular, molecular, or (epi)genetic level and are associated with synaptic plasticity and altered gene expression, the latter being mediated via both factors affecting translation (epigenetics) and transcription (non coding microRNAs) of the DNA or RNA itself. New advances using techniques such as optogenetics have the potential to increase our understanding of the microcircuitry mediating addictive behaviours. However, the processes leading to addiction are complex and multifactorial and thus we face a major contemporary challenge to elucidate the factors implicated in the development and maintenance of an addicted state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhodie R Duncan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia ; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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