1
|
Strasser AS, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Zhou X, Valdebenito-Maturana B, Ye X, Zhang B, Wu M, van Bakel H, Jabs EW. Limb reduction in an Esco2 cohesinopathy mouse model is mediated by p53-dependent apoptosis and vascular disruption. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7154. [PMID: 39168984 PMCID: PMC11339411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Roberts syndrome (RBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder with profound growth deficiency and limb reduction caused by ESCO2 loss-of-function variants. Here, we elucidate the pathogenesis of limb reduction in an Esco2fl/fl;Prrx1-CreTg/0 mouse model using bulk- and single-cell-RNA-seq and gene co-expression network analyses during embryogenesis. Our results reveal morphological and vascular defects culminating in hemorrhage of mutant limbs at E12.5. Underlying this abnormal developmental progression is a pre-apoptotic, mesenchymal cell population specific to mutant limb buds enriched for p53-related signaling beginning at E9.5. We then characterize these p53-related processes of cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, cell death, and the inflammatory leukotriene signaling pathway in vivo. In utero treatment with pifithrin-α, a p53 inhibitor, rescued the hemorrhage in mutant limbs. Lastly, significant enrichments were identified among genes associated with RBS, thalidomide embryopathy, and other genetic limb reduction disorders, suggesting a common vascular etiology among these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arielle S Strasser
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Braulio Valdebenito-Maturana
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Ye
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Cell, Development and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laczko D, Poveda-Rogers C, Matthews AH, Snaith O, Luger S, Bagg A, Caponetti GC, Morrissette JJD, Yang G. RAD21 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:958-964. [PMID: 38506144 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2328233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The cohesin complex is a ring-shaped protein structure involved in DNA repair and chromosomal segregation. Studies have showed that genomic alterations in the cohesin complex members are among the initial occurrences in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). STAG2 is the most commonly mutated and best-studied member of the cohesin complex in AML and mutations in this gene have been associated with adverse outcomes and are diagnostically relevant. However, the exact role of mutations in other members of the cohesin complex in the development of myeloid neoplasia is controversial. In this single institution study, we retrospectively reviewed data from the molecular profiles of 1,381 AML patients and identified 14 patients with mutations in RAD21, another member of the cohesin complex. We evaluated the frequency, mutational profile, clinico-pathologic features, and prognostic impact of RAD21 in this cohort. This study showed that RAD21-mutated AML often associates with monocytic differentiation, CD7 expression, co-existing mutations in epigenetic regulators, a normal karyotype, and poor prognosis. Our findings provide additional insights into the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genomic profile of RAD21 mutation-positive AML and suggest that RAD21 mutations should be evaluated for independent prognostic significance in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Laczko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Corey Poveda-Rogers
- Division of Precision and Computational Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew H Matthews
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Oraine Snaith
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Selina Luger
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Bagg
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel C Caponetti
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer J D Morrissette
- Division of Precision and Computational Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Division of Precision and Computational Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu H, Qi B, Liu G, Duan H, Li Z, Shi Z, Chen Y, Chu WK, Zhou Q, Zhang BN. RAD21 deficiency drives corneal to scleral differentiation fate switching via upregulating WNT9B. iScience 2024; 27:109875. [PMID: 38774716 PMCID: PMC11107359 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornea and sclera are distinct adjacent tissues, yet their stromal cells originate from common neural crest cells (NCCs). Sclerocornea is a disease characterized by an indistinguishable boundary between the cornea and sclera. Previously, we identified a RAD21 mutation in a sclerocornea pedigree. Here, we investigated the impacts of RAD21 on NCC activities during eye development. RAD21 deficiency caused upregulation of PCDHGC3. Both RAD21 knockdown and PCDHGC3 upregulation disrupted the migration of NCCs. Transcriptome analysis indicated that WNT9B had 190.9-fold higher expression in scleral stroma than in corneal stroma. WNT9B was also significantly upregulated by both RAD21 knockdown and PCDHGC3 overexpression, and knock down of WNT9B rescued the differentiation and migration of NCCs with RAD21 deficiency. Consistently, overexpressing wnt9b in Xenopus tropicalis led to ocular developmental abnormalities. In summary, WNT9B is a determinant factor during NCC differentiation into corneal keratocytes or scleral stromal cells and is affected by RAD21 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liu
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Benxiang Qi
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoying Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bi Ning Zhang
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chea S, Kreger J, Lopez-Burks ME, MacLean AL, Lander AD, Calof AL. Gastrulation-stage gene expression in Nipbl +/- mouse embryos foreshadows the development of syndromic birth defects. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.16.558465. [PMID: 37905011 PMCID: PMC10614802 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.558465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In animal models, Nipbl-deficiency phenocopies gene expression changes and birth defects seen in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), the most common cause of which is Nipbl-haploinsufficiency. Previous studies in Nipbl+/- mice suggested that heart development is abnormal as soon as cardiogenic tissue is formed. To investigate this, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing on wildtype (WT) and Nipbl+/- mouse embryos at gastrulation and early cardiac crescent stages. Nipbl+/- embryos had fewer mesoderm cells than WT and altered proportions of mesodermal cell subpopulations. These findings were associated with underexpression of genes implicated in driving specific mesodermal lineages. In addition, Nanog was found to be overexpressed in all germ layers, and many gene expression changes observed in Nipbl+/- embryos could be attributed to Nanog overexpression. These findings establish a link between Nipbl-deficiency, Nanog overexpression, and gene expression dysregulation/lineage misallocation, which ultimately manifest as birth defects in Nipbl+/- animals and CdLS. Teaser Gene expression changes during gastrulation of Nipbl-deficient mice shed light on early origins of structural birth defects.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tehrani Fateh S, Mohammad Zadeh N, Salehpour S, Hashemi-Gorji F, Omidi A, Sadeghi H, Mirfakhraie R, Moghimi P, Keyvanfar S, Mohammadi Sarvaleh S, Miryounesi M, Ghasemi MR. Comprehensive review and expanding the genetic landscape of Cornelia-de-Lange spectrum: insights from novel mutations and skin biopsy in exome-negative cases. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:20. [PMID: 38216990 PMCID: PMC10787426 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive review of the literature on CdLS and investigate two cases of CdLS with distinct phenotypes that underwent WES to aid in their diagnosis. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on CdLS along with performing whole-exome sequencing on two CdLS patients with distinct phenotypes, followed by Sanger sequencing validation and in-silico analysis. RESULTS The first case exhibited a classic CdLS phenotype, but the initial WES analysis of blood-derived DNA failed to identify any mutations in CdLS-related genes. However, a subsequent WES analysis of skin-derived DNA revealed a novel heterozygous mutation in the NIPBL gene (NM_133433.4:c.6534_6535del, p.Met2178Ilefs*8). The second case was presented with a non-classic CdLS phenotype, and WES analysis of blood-derived DNA identified a heterozygous missense variant in the SMC1A gene (NM_006306.4:c.2320G>A, p.Asp774Asn). CONCLUSIONS The study shows the importance of considering mosaicism in classic CdLS cases and the value of WES for identifying genetic defects. These findings contribute to our understanding of CdLS genetics and underscore the need for comprehensive genetic testing to enhance the diagnosis and management of CdLS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Tehrani Fateh
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Mohammad Zadeh
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Salehpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Unit, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hashemi-Gorji
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Omidi
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Moghimi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Keyvanfar
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Miryounesi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Ghasemi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
MacPherson RA, Shankar V, Anholt RRH, Mackay TFC. Genetic and genomic analyses of Drosophila melanogaster models of chromatin modification disorders. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad061. [PMID: 37036413 PMCID: PMC10411607 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF)-related intellectual disability disorders (SSRIDDs) and Cornelia de Lange syndrome are rare syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping clinical phenotypes. SSRIDDs are associated with the BAF (Brahma-Related Gene-1 associated factor) complex, whereas CdLS is a disorder of chromatin modification associated with the cohesin complex. Here, we used RNA interference in Drosophila melanogaster to reduce the expression of six genes (brm, osa, Snr1, SMC1, SMC3, vtd) orthologous to human genes associated with SSRIDDs and CdLS. These fly models exhibit changes in sleep, activity, startle behavior (a proxy for sensorimotor integration), and brain morphology. Whole genome RNA sequencing identified 9,657 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05), 156 of which are differentially expressed in both sexes in SSRIDD- and CdLS-specific analyses, including Bap60, which is orthologous to SMARCD1, an SSRIDD-associated BAF component. k-means clustering reveals genes co-regulated within and across SSRIDD and CdLS fly models. RNAi-mediated reduction of expression of six genes co-regulated with focal genes brm, osa, and/or Snr1 recapitulated changes in the behavior of the focal genes. Based on the assumption that fundamental biological processes are evolutionarily conserved, Drosophila models can be used to understand underlying molecular effects of variants in chromatin-modification pathways and may aid in the discovery of drugs that ameliorate deleterious phenotypic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A MacPherson
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Robert R H Anholt
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Senapati S, Irshad IU, Sharma AK, Kumar H. Fundamental insights into the correlation between chromosome configuration and transcription. Phys Biol 2023; 20:051002. [PMID: 37467757 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ace8e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosomes exhibit a hierarchical organization that spans a spectrum of length scales, ranging from sub-regions known as loops, which typically comprise hundreds of base pairs, to much larger chromosome territories that can encompass a few mega base pairs. Chromosome conformation capture experiments that involve high-throughput sequencing methods combined with microscopy techniques have enabled a new understanding of inter- and intra-chromosomal interactions with unprecedented details. This information also provides mechanistic insights on the relationship between genome architecture and gene expression. In this article, we review the recent findings on three-dimensional interactions among chromosomes at the compartment, topologically associating domain, and loop levels and the impact of these interactions on the transcription process. We also discuss current understanding of various biophysical processes involved in multi-layer structural organization of chromosomes. Then, we discuss the relationships between gene expression and genome structure from perturbative genome-wide association studies. Furthermore, for a better understanding of how chromosome architecture and function are linked, we emphasize the role of epigenetic modifications in the regulation of gene expression. Such an understanding of the relationship between genome architecture and gene expression can provide a new perspective on the range of potential future discoveries and therapeutic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swayamshree Senapati
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Argul, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Inayat Ullah Irshad
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu, Jammu 181221, India
| | - Ajeet K Sharma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu, Jammu 181221, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu 181221, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Argul, Odisha 752050, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu H, Cheng J, Zhuang X, Qi B, Li F, Zhang B. Genomic instability and eye diseases. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2023; 3:103-111. [PMID: 37846358 PMCID: PMC10577848 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Genetic information is stored in the bases of double-stranded DNA. However, the integrity of DNA molecules is constantly threatened by various mutagenic agents, including pollutants, ultraviolet light (UV), and medications. To counteract these environmental damages, cells have established multiple mechanisms, such as producing molecules to identify and eliminate damaged DNA, as well as reconstruct the original DNA structures. Failure or insufficiency of these mechanisms can cause genetic instability. However, the role of genome stability in eye diseases is still under-researched, despite extensive study in cancer biology. Main text As the eye is directly exposed to the external environment, the genetic materials of ocular cells are constantly under threat. Some of the proteins essential for DNA damage repair, such as pRb, p53, and RAD21, are also key during the ocular disease development. In this review, we discuss five ocular diseases that are associated with genomic instability. Retinoblastoma and pterygium are linked to abnormal cell cycles. Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy and age-related macular degeneration are related to the accumulation of DNA damage caused by oxidative damage and UV. The mutation of the subunit of the cohesin complex during eye development is linked to sclerocornea. Conclusions Failure of DNA damage detection or repair leads to increased genomic instability. Deciphering the role of genomic instability in ocular diseases can lead to the development of new treatments and strategies, such as protecting vulnerable cells from risk factors or intensifying damage to unwanted cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liu
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhuang
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Benxiang Qi
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenfen Li
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bining Zhang
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Onesimo R, Santis RD, Leoni C, Rigante M, Piastra M, Sforza E, Selicorni A, Zampino G. Nasal polyposis in pediatric patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome: endoscopic diagnosis, treatment and follow up in two case reports. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:85. [PMID: 37455311 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare genetic disease with otolaryngological involvement. The classic phenotype is characterized by distinctive facial features, intellectual disability, growth delay, hirsutism, and upper-limb reduction. Nasal polyposis was previously reported in association with chronic rhinosinusitis, however data about prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are lacking for this cohort of patients, affected by rare disease. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the whole diagnostic and therapeutic workflow of nasal polyps in two pediatric patients with Cornelia de Lange, successfully diagnosed and treated by nasal endoscopy. CONCLUSION Our report confirm that nasal endoscopy is a safe and useful tool in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of nasal polyps, even in Cornelia de Lange syndrome pediatric patients. We want to increase the alert for the detection of nasal polyps in patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome since pediatric age. We recommend endoscopy in all patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and symptoms of chronic nasal obstruction and/or OSAS. Multidisciplinary team and sedation service could be useful in the management of Cornelia de Lange syndrome patients with airway obstruction symptoms and sleep disturbance when severe intellectual disability, autism or psychiatric findings are present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Onesimo
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rita De Santis
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Rigante
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit - Fondazione Policlinico, Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Piastra
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli -IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Babcock S, Calvo KR, Hasserjian RP. Pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023; 40:152-171. [PMID: 37173164 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
MacPherson RA, Shankar V, Anholt RRH, Mackay TFC. Genetic and Genomic Analyses of Drosophila melanogaster Models of Chromatin Modification Disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534923. [PMID: 37034595 PMCID: PMC10081333 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF)-related intellectual disability disorders (SSRIDDs) and Cornelia de Lange syndrome are rare syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping clinical phenotypes. SSRIDDs are associated with the BAF (Brahma-Related Gene-1 Associated Factor) complex, whereas CdLS is a disorder of chromatin modification associated with the cohesin complex. Here, we used RNA interference in Drosophila melanogaster to reduce expression of six genes (brm, osa, Snr1, SMC1, SMC3, vtd) orthologous to human genes associated with SSRIDDs and CdLS. These fly models exhibit changes in sleep, activity, startle behavior (a proxy for sensorimotor integration) and brain morphology. Whole genome RNA sequencing identified 9,657 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05), 156 of which are differentially expressed in both sexes in SSRIDD- and CdLS-specific analyses, including Bap60, which is orthologous to SMARCD1, a SSRIDD-associated BAF component, k-means clustering reveals genes co-regulated within and across SSRIDD and CdLS fly models. RNAi-mediated reduction of expression of six genes co-regulated with focal genes brm, osa, and/or Snr1 recapitulated changes in behavior of the focal genes. Based on the assumption that fundamental biological processes are evolutionarily conserved, Drosophila models can be used to understand underlying molecular effects of variants in chromatin-modification pathways and may aid in discovery of drugs that ameliorate deleterious phenotypic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. MacPherson
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Robert R. H. Anholt
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Trudy F. C. Mackay
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi M, Liang Y, Xie B, Wei X, Zheng H, Gui C, Huang R, Fan X, Li C, Wei X, Ma Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Gui B. Case report: A novel heterozygous synonymous variant in deep exon region of NIPBL gene generating a non-canonical splice donor in a patient with cornelia de lange syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:1056127. [PMID: 36506332 PMCID: PMC9726764 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1056127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an autosomal dominant or X-linked genetic disease with significant genetic heterogeneity. Variants of the NIPBL gene are responsible for CdLS in 60% of patients. Herein, we report the case of a patient with CdLS showing distinctive facial features, microcephaly, developmental delay, and growth retardation. Whole exome sequencing was performed for the patient, and a novel de novo heterozygous synonymous variant was identified in the deep region of exon 40 in the NIPBL gene (NM_133433.4: c. 6819G > T, p. Gly2273 = ). The clinical significance of the variant was uncertain according to the ACMG/AMP guidelines; however, based on in silico analysis, it was predicted to alter mRNA splicing. To validate the prediction, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was conducted. The variant activated a cryptic splice donor, generating a short transcript of NIPBL. A loss of 137 bp at the 3' end of NIPBL exon 40 was detected, which potentially altered the open reading frame by inserting multiple premature termination codons. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the ratio of the transcription level of the full-length transcript to that of the altered short transcript in the patient was 5:1, instead of 1:1. These findings may explain the relatively mild phenotype of the patient, regardless of the loss of function of the truncated protein due to a frameshift in the mRNA. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report a synonymous variant in the deep exon regions of the NIPBL gene responsible for CdLS. The identified variant expands the mutational spectrum of the NIPBL gene. Furthermore, synonymous variations may be pathogenic, which should not be ignored in the clinical and genetic diagnosis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Shi
- Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of YuLin, Yulin, China
| | - Bobo Xie
- Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xianda Wei
- Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haiyang Zheng
- Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunrong Gui
- Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Fan
- The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuan Li
- The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaojiao Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunting Ma
- Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shaoke Chen
- The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Shaoke Chen, ; Yujun Chen, ; Baoheng Gui,
| | - Yujun Chen
- The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Shaoke Chen, ; Yujun Chen, ; Baoheng Gui,
| | - Baoheng Gui
- Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Shaoke Chen, ; Yujun Chen, ; Baoheng Gui,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to the Etiology of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Review and Novel Cases. J Pediatr 2022; 246:251-265.e2. [PMID: 35314152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
14
|
Eigenhuis KN, Somsen HB, van den Berg DLC. Transcription Pause and Escape in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:846272. [PMID: 35615272 PMCID: PMC9125161 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.846272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription pause-release is an important, highly regulated step in the control of gene expression. Modulated by various factors, it enables signal integration and fine-tuning of transcriptional responses. Mutations in regulators of pause-release have been identified in a range of neurodevelopmental disorders that have several common features affecting multiple organ systems. This review summarizes current knowledge on this novel subclass of disorders, including an overview of clinical features, mechanistic details, and insight into the relevant neurodevelopmental processes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Giani L, Michelini G, Nobile M, Ajmone PF, Vizziello PG, Scaini S. Behavioral markers of social anxiety in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: A brief systematic review. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:636-643. [PMID: 34953928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that social impairments in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) differ from those observed in idiopathic autism as they are characterized mainly by social anxiety. However, the knowledge of the fundamental features of social anxiety symptoms in this target population is limited. This brief systematic review aims to investigate the relationship between social anxiety and CdLS through multiple cross-sectional comparisons. METHODS PRISMA-P guidelines were followed, and the literature research was conducted in Pubmed, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using "Cornelia de Lange Syndrome" or "CdLS" and "social anxiety" as search terms. RESULTS Six articles met the eligibility criteria. Results show that heightened levels of social anxiety in CdLS individuals occur before and after the social engagement and are mediated by both the nature of the social demand and the familiarity of the examiner they interact with. LIMITATIONS The interpretation of results is limited by the wide heterogeneity of patients' age and sample size across the reviewed studies, and by the absence of a unique observational procedure to detect behaviors indicative of social anxiety in syndromic individuals. CONCLUSIONS These findings have considerable clinical implications for intervention planning which might be generalized to all people with intellectual disability linked to a genetic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Giani
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Michelini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Paola Francesca Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giovanna Vizziello
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Scaini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
3D Genome Organization: Causes and Consequences for DNA Damage and Repair. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010007. [PMID: 35052348 PMCID: PMC8775012 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability to repair damaged DNA severely compromises the integrity of any organism. In eukaryotes, the DNA damage response (DDR) operates within chromatin, a tightly organized DNA–histone complex in a non-random manner within the nucleus. Chromatin thus orchestrates various cellular processes, including repair. Here, we examine the chromatin landscape before, during, and after the DNA damage, focusing on double strand breaks (DSBs). We study how chromatin is modified during the repair process, not only around the damaged region (in cis), but also genome-wide (in trans). Recent evidence has highlighted a complex landscape in which different chromatin parameters (stiffness, compaction, loops) are transiently modified, defining “codes” for each specific stage of the DDR. We illustrate a novel aspect of DDR where chromatin modifications contribute to the movement of DSB-damaged chromatin, as well as undamaged chromatin, ensuring the mobilization of DSBs, their clustering, and their repair processes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Pileggi S, La Vecchia M, Colombo EA, Fontana L, Colapietro P, Rovina D, Morotti A, Tabano S, Porta G, Alcalay M, Gervasini C, Miozzo M, Sirchia SM. Cohesin Mutations Induce Chromatin Conformation Perturbation of the H19/ IGF2 Imprinted Region and Gene Expression Dysregulation in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1622. [PMID: 34827619 PMCID: PMC8615450 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is considered a cohesinopathy caused by constitutive mutations in cohesin complex genes. Cohesin is a major regulator of chromatin architecture, including the formation of chromatin loops at the imprinted IGF2/H19 domain. We used 3C analysis on lymphoblastoid cells from CdLS patients carrying mutations in NIPBL and SMC1A genes to explore 3D chromatin structure of the IGF2/H19 locus and evaluate the influence of cohesin alterations in chromatin architecture. We also assessed quantitative expression of imprinted loci and WNT pathway genes, together with DMR methylation status of the imprinted genes. A general impairment of chromatin architecture and the emergence of new interactions were found. Moreover, imprinting alterations also involved the expression and methylation levels of imprinted genes, suggesting an association among cohesin genetic defects, chromatin architecture impairment, and imprinting network alteration. The WNT pathway resulted dysregulated: canonical WNT, cell cycle, and WNT signal negative regulation were the most significantly affected subpathways. Among the deregulated pathway nodes, the key node of the frizzled receptors was repressed. Our study provides new evidence that mutations in genes of the cohesin complex have effects on the chromatin architecture and epigenetic stability of genes commonly regulated by high order chromatin structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Pileggi
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Marta La Vecchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Elisa Adele Colombo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Laura Fontana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
- Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Medical Genetics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Davide Rovina
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Annamaria Morotti
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Medical Genetics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Centro di Medicina Genomica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Myriam Alcalay
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
- Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
García-Gutiérrez P, García-Domínguez M. BETting on a Transcriptional Deficit as the Main Cause for Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:709232. [PMID: 34386522 PMCID: PMC8353280 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.709232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a human developmental syndrome with complex multisystem phenotypic features. It has been traditionally considered a cohesinopathy together with other phenotypically related diseases because of their association with mutations in subunits of the cohesin complex. Despite some overlap, the clinical manifestations of cohesinopathies vary considerably and, although their precise molecular mechanisms are not well defined yet, the potential pathomechanisms underlying these diverse developmental defects have been theoretically linked to alterations of the cohesin complex function. The cohesin complex plays a critical role in sister chromatid cohesion, but this function is not affected in CdLS. In the last decades, a non-cohesion-related function of this complex on transcriptional regulation has been well established and CdLS pathoetiology has been recently associated to gene expression deregulation. Up to 70% of CdLS cases are linked to mutations in the cohesin-loading factor NIPBL, which has been shown to play a prominent function on chromatin architecture and transcriptional regulation. Therefore, it has been suggested that CdLS can be considered a transcriptomopathy. Actually, CdLS-like phenotypes have been associated to mutations in chromatin-associated proteins, as KMT2A, AFF4, EP300, TAF6, SETD5, SMARCB1, MAU2, ZMYND11, MED13L, PHIP, ARID1B, NAA10, BRD4 or ANKRD11, most of which have no known direct association with cohesin. In the case of BRD4, a critical highly investigated transcriptional coregulator, an interaction with NIPBL has been recently revealed, providing evidence on their cooperation in transcriptional regulation of developmentally important genes. This new finding reinforces the notion of an altered gene expression program during development as the major etiological basis for CdLS. In this review, we intend to integrate the recent available evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of CdLS, highlighting data that favors a transcription-centered framework, which support the idea that CdLS could be conceptualized as a transcriptomopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Gutiérrez
- Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Novel STAG1 Frameshift Mutation in a Patient Affected by a Syndromic Form of Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081116. [PMID: 34440290 PMCID: PMC8392311 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cohesin complex is a large evolutionary conserved functional unit which plays an essential role in DNA repair and replication, chromosome segregation and gene expression. It consists of four core proteins, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and STAG1/2, and by proteins regulating the interaction between the complex and the chromosomes. Mutations in the genes coding for these proteins have been demonstrated to cause multisystem developmental disorders known as “cohesinopathies”. The most frequent and well recognized among these distinctive clinical conditions are the Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS, OMIM 122470) and Roberts syndrome (OMIM 268300). STAG1 belongs to the STAG subunit of the core cohesin complex, along with five other subunits. Pathogenic variants in STAG1 gene have recently been reported to cause an emerging syndromic form of neurodevelopmental disorder that is to date poorly characterized. Here, we describe a 5 year old female patient with neurodevelopmental delay, mild intellectual disability, dysmorphic features and congenital anomalies, in which next generation sequencing analysis allowed us to identify a novel pathogenic variation c.2769_2770del p.(Ile924Serfs*8) in STAG1 gene, which result to be de novo. The variant has never been reported before in medical literature and is absent in public databases. Thus, it is useful to expand the molecular spectrum of clinically relevant alterations of STAG1 and their phenotypic consequences.
Collapse
|
20
|
Anania C, Lupiáñez DG. Order and disorder: abnormal 3D chromatin organization in human disease. Brief Funct Genomics 2021; 19:128-138. [PMID: 32025693 PMCID: PMC7115703 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A precise three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromatin is central to achieve the intricate transcriptional patterns that are required to form complex organisms. Growing evidence supports an important role of 3D chromatin architecture in development and delineates its alterations as prominent causes of disease. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts on the fundamental forces shaping genomes in space and on how their disruption can lead to pathogenic phenotypes. We describe the molecular mechanisms underlying a wide range of diseases, from the systemic effects of coding mutations on 3D architectural factors, to the more tissue-specific phenotypes resulting from genetic and epigenetic modifications at specific loci. Understanding the connection between the 3D organization of the genome and its underlying biological function will allow a better interpretation of human pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Anania
- Epigenetics and Sex Development Group, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Darío G Lupiáñez
- Epigenetics and Sex Development Group, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pearson E, Nielsen E, Kita S, Groves L, Nelson L, Moss J, Oliver C. Low speech rate but high gesture rate during conversational interaction in people with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:601-607. [PMID: 33694205 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrsome (CdLS) is a rare genetic syndrome with notable impaired expressive communication characterised by reduced spoken language. We examined gesture use to refine the description of expressive communication impairments in CdLS. METHODS During conversations, we compared gesture use in people with CdLS to peers with Down syndrome (DS) matched for receptive language and adaptive ability, and typically developing (TD) individuals of similar chronological age. RESULTS As anticipated the DS and CdLS groups used fewer words during conversation than TD peers (P < .001). However, the CdLS group used twice the number of gestures per 100 words compared with the DS and TD groups (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with CdLS have a significantly higher gesture rate than expected given their level of intellectual disability and chronological age. This result indicates the cause of reduced use of spoken language does not extend to all forms of expressive communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Pearson
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Nielsen
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Kita
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - L Groves
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Nelson
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - J Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - C Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cornelia de Lange syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:697-699. [PMID: 32762940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a known association between Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), with CDH being the cause of death in 5%-20% of CdLS cases. We aimed to identify and describe patients with CDLS and CDH. We hypothesized that CdLS would be associated with high-risk CDH and poor outcomes. METHODS CDH Study Group patients from 1995 to 2019 were included. Those with CdLS were reviewed retrospectively. Rates of repair and outcomes were compared between patients with and without CdLS. RESULTS We identified 9,251 CDH patients. Of those, 21 had confirmed CdLS. CdLS patients had a lower birth weight (2.2±0.57 kg) than non-CdLS patients (2.9±0.64 kg) (p<0.001). 5-min Apgar scores were lower in CdLS patients (6, 4-7) than non-CdLS patients (7, 5-8) (p=0.014). Only 33% of CdLS patients underwent diaphragmatic repair compared to 84.2% of non-CdLS patients (p<0.001). Mortality was 76% for CdLS patients compared with 29% for non-CdLS patients (p<0.001). Of the 7 CdLS patients who underwent repair, 5 survived to hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS Infants with CdLS and CDH have a poor prognosis. However, CdLS patients who undergo repair can survive to discharge; therefore, the concomitant diagnosis of CdLS and CDH is not necessarily a contraindication to repair. Early recognition of these anomalies can assist with counseling and prognostication. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective comparative study LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
Collapse
|
23
|
Rivas MA, Meydan C, Chin CR, Challman MF, Kim D, Bhinder B, Kloetgen A, Viny AD, Teater MR, McNally DR, Doane AS, Béguelin W, Fernández MTC, Shen H, Wang X, Levine RL, Chen Z, Tsirigos A, Elemento O, Mason CE, Melnick AM. Smc3 dosage regulates B cell transit through germinal centers and restricts their malignant transformation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:240-253. [PMID: 33432228 PMCID: PMC7855695 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During the germinal center (GC) reaction, B cells undergo extensive redistribution of cohesin complex and three-dimensional reorganization of their genomes. Yet, the significance of cohesin and architectural programming in the humoral immune response is unknown. Herein we report that homozygous deletion of Smc3, encoding the cohesin ATPase subunit, abrogated GC formation, while, in marked contrast, Smc3 haploinsufficiency resulted in GC hyperplasia, skewing of GC polarity and impaired plasma cell (PC) differentiation. Genome-wide chromosomal conformation and transcriptional profiling revealed defects in GC B cell terminal differentiation programs controlled by the lymphoma epigenetic tumor suppressors Tet2 and Kmt2d and failure of Smc3-haploinsufficient GC B cells to switch from B cell- to PC-defining transcription factors. Smc3 haploinsufficiency preferentially impaired the connectivity of enhancer elements controlling various lymphoma tumor suppressor genes, and, accordingly, Smc3 haploinsufficiency accelerated lymphomagenesis in mice with constitutive Bcl6 expression. Collectively, our data indicate a dose-dependent function for cohesin in humoral immunity to facilitate the B cell to PC phenotypic switch while restricting malignant transformation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/deficiency
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/deficiency
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/deficiency
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dioxygenases
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Germinal Center/pathology
- Haploinsufficiency
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Cohesins
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martín A Rivas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matt F Challman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daleum Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bhavneet Bhinder
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron D Viny
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matt R Teater
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dylan R McNally
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley S Doane
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hao Shen
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Panaitescu AM, Duta S, Gica N, Botezatu R, Nedelea F, Peltecu G, Veduta A. A Broader Perspective on the Prenatal Diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: Review of the Literature and Case Presentation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010142. [PMID: 33478103 PMCID: PMC7835910 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CDLS) is caused by pathogenic variants in genes which are structural or regulatory components of the cohesin complex. The classical Cornelia de Lange (CDLS) phenotype is characterized by distinctive facial features, growth retardation, upper limb reduction defects, hirsutism, and developmental delay. Non-classical phenotypes make this condition heterogeneous. Although CDLS is a heterogeneous clinical and genetic condition, clear diagnostic criteria have been described by specialist consensus. Many of these criteria refer to features that can be seen on prenatal ultrasound. The aim of this paper is twofold: to present the ultrasound findings in fetuses affected by CDLS syndrome; to discuss the recent advances and the limitations in the ultrasound and genetic prenatal diagnosis of CDLS. Our review aims to offer, apart from the data needed to understand the genetics and the prenatal presentation of the disease, a joint perspective of the two specialists involved in the prenatal management of this pathology: the fetal medicine specialist and the geneticist. To better illustrate the data presented, we also include a representative clinical case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Maria Panaitescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.G.); (R.B.); (F.N.); (G.P.)
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-23188930
| | - Simona Duta
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Nicolae Gica
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.G.); (R.B.); (F.N.); (G.P.)
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Radu Botezatu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.G.); (R.B.); (F.N.); (G.P.)
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Florina Nedelea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.G.); (R.B.); (F.N.); (G.P.)
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Peltecu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.G.); (R.B.); (F.N.); (G.P.)
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Alina Veduta
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ketharnathan S, Labudina A, Horsfield JA. Cohesin Components Stag1 and Stag2 Differentially Influence Haematopoietic Mesoderm Development in Zebrafish Embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:617545. [PMID: 33365313 PMCID: PMC7750468 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.617545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is a multiprotein complex made up of core subunits Smc1, Smc3, and Rad21, and either Stag1 or Stag2. Normal haematopoietic development relies on crucial functions of cohesin in cell division and regulation of gene expression via three-dimensional chromatin organization. Cohesin subunit STAG2 is frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies, but the individual contributions of Stag variants to haematopoiesis or malignancy are not fully understood. Zebrafish have four Stag paralogues (Stag1a, Stag1b, Stag2a, and Stag2b), allowing detailed genetic dissection of the contribution of Stag1-cohesin and Stag2-cohesin to development. Here we characterize for the first time the expression patterns and functions of zebrafish stag genes during embryogenesis. Using loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9 zebrafish mutants, we show that stag1a and stag2b contribute to primitive embryonic haematopoiesis. Both stag1a and stag2b mutants present with erythropenia by 24 h post-fertilization. Homozygous loss of either paralogue alters the number of haematopoietic/vascular progenitors in the lateral plate mesoderm. The lateral plate mesoderm zone of scl-positive cells is expanded in stag1a mutants with concomitant loss of kidney progenitors, and the number of spi1-positive cells are increased, consistent with skewing toward primitive myelopoiesis. In contrast, stag2b mutants have reduced haematopoietic/vascular mesoderm and downregulation of primitive erythropoiesis. Our results suggest that Stag1 and Stag2 proteins cooperate to balance the production of primitive haematopoietic/vascular progenitors from mesoderm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarada Ketharnathan
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anastasia Labudina
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julia A Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Center for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Interpreting the impact of noncoding structural variation in neurodevelopmental disorders. Genet Med 2020; 23:34-46. [PMID: 32973355 PMCID: PMC7790743 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-00974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel sequencing technologies has greatly improved the identification of structural variation, revealing that a human genome harbors tens of thousands of structural variants (SVs). Since these SVs primarily impact noncoding DNA sequences, the next challenge is one of interpretation, not least to improve our understanding of human disease etiology. However, this task is severely complicated by the intricacy of the gene regulatory landscapes embedded within these noncoding regions, their incomplete annotation, as well as their dependence on the three-dimensional (3D) conformation of the genome. Also in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), reports of putatively causal, noncoding SVs are accumulating and understanding their impact on transcriptional regulation is presenting itself as the next step toward improved genetic diagnosis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Singh VP, McKinney S, Gerton JL. Persistent DNA Damage and Senescence in the Placenta Impacts Developmental Outcomes of Embryos. Dev Cell 2020; 54:333-347.e7. [PMID: 32800293 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin is an evolutionarily conserved chromosome-associated protein complex essential for chromosome segregation, gene expression, and repair of DNA damage. Mutations that affect this complex cause the human developmental disorder Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), thought to arise from defective embryonic transcription. We establish a significant role for placental defects in the development of CdLS mouse embryos (Nipbl and Hdac8). Placenta is a naturally senescent tissue; we demonstrate that persistent DNA damage potentiates senescence and activates cytokine signaling. Mutant embryo developmental outcomes are significantly improved in the context of a wild-type placenta or by genetically restricting cytokine signaling. Our study highlights that cohesin is required for maintaining ploidy and the repair of spontaneous DNA damage in placental cells, suggesting that genotoxic stress and ensuing placental senescence and cytokine production could represent a broad theme in embryo health and viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean McKinney
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gerton
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Parma B, Cianci P, Mariani M, Cereda A, Panceri R, Fossati C, Maestri L, Macchini F, Onesimo R, Zampino G, Betalli P, Cheli M, Selicorni A. Nissen fundoplication in Cornelia de Lange syndrome spectrum: Who are the potential candidates? Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1697-1703. [PMID: 32436647 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange spectrum (CdLSp) is a rare genetic condition characterized by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, major malformations, growth impairment, and development delay. Approximately 80% of CdLSp patients have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with a varied clinical presentation. The aim of this study is to define potential clinical/genetic risk factors based on the clinical phenotype description of CdLSp patients with severe GERD who underwent surgical treatment. We retrospectively collected data from 23 CdLSp patients, 13 females and 10 males. Mean age of the patients undergoing surgical treatment was of 4 years. 21/23 (91%) had a molecular characterization, of which 21/21 (100%) had a NIPBL gene mutation, while 2/23 (9%) did not have a genetical characterization, only a clinical diagnosis. Most of our patients presented a moderate-severe severity score (21/23, 91%) with limb malformations evidenced in 10/23 (44%) of our patients and a moderate-severe intellectual disability in 20/23 (87%). Therefore, CdLSp patients harboring NIPBL variants, upper limb malformations and severe psychomotor delay are more likely to suffer from severe GERD, not responsive to proton pump inhibitors treatment. These features should be considered as clinical markers for potentially severe GERD that might require surgical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Parma
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana, "Sant'Anna" Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Paola Cianci
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana, "Sant'Anna" Hospital, Como, Italy.,Woman and Child Department, "F. Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Milena Mariani
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana, "Sant'Anna" Hospital, Como, Italy.,Clinical Paediatric Genetics Unit, MBBM Foundation, "S. Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Roberto Panceri
- Department of Pediatrics, MBBM Foundation, "S.Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Clinical Paediatric Genetics Unit, MBBM Foundation, "S. Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, MBBM Foundation, "S.Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Luciano Maestri
- Pediatric Surgery Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Macchini
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Woman and Child Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Woman and Child Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Betalli
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cheli
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana, "Sant'Anna" Hospital, Como, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Erkus S, Turgut A, Onvural B, Kalenderer O. Cornelia de Lange syndrome: A rare case, presented with unilateral pes equinovarus. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 11:307-309. [PMID: 32099300 PMCID: PMC7026540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a genetic disorder with multiple system abnormalities. It is especially characterized by typical facial appearance and hirsutism. Growth and mental retardation, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and orthopedic abnormalities are other important features of this syndrome. In this case, we present a rare manifestation of Cornelia de Lange syndrome with a unilateral pes equinovarus deformity without other more specific orthopedic manifestations. Ponseti method's was applied as the initial procedure. Afterwards, complete subtalar release was performed. After four years follow-up, clinical and radiological results were satisfactory. Unilateral pes equinovarus deformity may be a part of this syndrome as well as a sporadic presentation. The discrimination is important for anesthetic procedures and surgical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Onder Kalenderer
- Corresponding author. Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics And Traumatology, İzmir, Turkey. Tel.: 00905322971067.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Avagliano L, Parenti I, Grazioli P, Di Fede E, Parodi C, Mariani M, Kaiser FJ, Selicorni A, Gervasini C, Massa V. Chromatinopathies: A focus on Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Clin Genet 2020; 97:3-11. [PMID: 31721174 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many genes have been associated with chromatinopathies classified as "Cornelia de Lange Syndrome-like." It is known that the phenotype of these patients becomes less recognizable, overlapping to features characteristic of other syndromes caused by genetic variants affecting different regulators of chromatin structure and function. Therefore, Cornelia de Lange syndrome diagnosis might be arduous due to the seldom discordance between unexpected molecular diagnosis and clinical evaluation. Here, we review the molecular features of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, supporting the hypothesis that "CdLS-like syndromes" are part of a larger "rare disease family" sharing multiple clinical features and common disrupted molecular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Avagliano
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Parenti
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Paolo Grazioli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Fede
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Parodi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Frank J Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Cristina Gervasini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li S, Miao H, Yang H, Wang L, Gong F, Chen S, Zhu H, Pan H. A report of 2 cases of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and an analysis of clinical and genetic characteristics in a Chinese CdLS cohort. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1066. [PMID: 31872982 PMCID: PMC7005613 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare dominantly inherited developmental disorder with an estimated prevalence of 0.5-10:100,000 and no racial disparity in prevalence. The aim of this study was to present two unrelated Chinese CdLS individuals with mutations in NIPBL and to perform a comprehensive analysis of a Chinese cohort with CdLS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two unrelated Chinese patients complaining of short stature were referred to the outpatient department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). Their clinical data at birth and at the most recent assessment were collected. Mutation analysis was carried out by whole exome sequencing. Twenty-four Chinese cases with CdLS were identified through a systematic review of the literature published between 1987 and 2017. RESULTS Two patients presented with typical phenotypes, characteristic complications of CdLS and mutations in the NIPBL gene. The average age at diagnosis of the 26 Chinese cases was higher than that of other cohorts. The frequencies of characteristic manifestations of CdLS were similar with those of other populations. CONCLUSIONS By investigating 26 Chinese cases of CdLS, we observed that the clinical data and gene variants in the Chinese cohort of CdLS patients were generally in accordance with those of other populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Miao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ortega P, Gómez-González B, Aguilera A. Rpd3L and Hda1 histone deacetylases facilitate repair of broken forks by promoting sister chromatid cohesion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5178. [PMID: 31729385 PMCID: PMC6858524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome stability involves accurate replication and DNA repair. Broken replication forks, such as those encountering a nick, lead to double strand breaks (DSBs), which are preferentially repaired by sister-chromatid recombination (SCR). To decipher the role of chromatin in eukaryotic DSB repair, here we analyze a collection of yeast chromatin-modifying mutants using a previously developed system for the molecular analysis of repair of replication-born DSBs by SCR based on a mini-HO site. We confirm the candidates through FLP-based systems based on a mutated version of the FLP flipase that causes nicks on either the leading or lagging DNA strands. We demonstrate that Rpd3L and Hda1 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes contribute to the repair of replication-born DSBs by facilitating cohesin loading, with no effect on other types of homology-dependent repair, thus preventing genome instability. We conclude that histone deacetylation favors general sister chromatid cohesion as a necessary step in SCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ortega
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Belén Gómez-González
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Viny AD, Bowman RL, Liu Y, Lavallée VP, Eisman SE, Xiao W, Durham BH, Navitski A, Park J, Braunstein S, Alija B, Karzai A, Csete IS, Witkin M, Azizi E, Baslan T, Ott CJ, Pe'er D, Dekker J, Koche R, Levine RL. Cohesin Members Stag1 and Stag2 Display Distinct Roles in Chromatin Accessibility and Topological Control of HSC Self-Renewal and Differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:682-696.e8. [PMID: 31495782 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulators, including the cohesin complex member STAG2, are recurrently mutated in cancer. The role of STAG2 in gene regulation, hematopoiesis, and tumor suppression remains unresolved. We show that Stag2 deletion in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) results in altered hematopoietic function, increased self-renewal, and impaired differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing revealed that, although Stag2 and Stag1 bind a shared set of genomic loci, a component of Stag2 binding sites is unoccupied by Stag1, even in Stag2-deficient HSPCs. Although concurrent loss of Stag2 and Stag1 abrogated hematopoiesis, Stag2 loss alone decreased chromatin accessibility and transcription of lineage-specification genes, including Ebf1 and Pax5, leading to increased self-renewal and reduced HSPC commitment to the B cell lineage. Our data illustrate a role for Stag2 in transformation and transcriptional dysregulation distinct from its shared role with Stag1 in chromosomal segregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Viny
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert L Bowman
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shira E Eisman
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin H Durham
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anastasia Navitski
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jane Park
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephanie Braunstein
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Besmira Alija
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abdul Karzai
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Isabelle S Csete
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew Witkin
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elham Azizi
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timour Baslan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher J Ott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Job Dekker
- Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Johnston KJA, Adams MJ, Nicholl BI, Ward J, Strawbridge RJ, Ferguson A, McIntosh AM, Bailey MES, Smith DJ. Genome-wide association study of multisite chronic pain in UK Biobank. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008164. [PMID: 31194737 PMCID: PMC6592570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is highly prevalent worldwide and represents a significant socioeconomic and public health burden. Several aspects of chronic pain, for example back pain and a severity-related phenotype 'chronic pain grade', have been shown previously to be complex heritable traits with a polygenic component. Additional pain-related phenotypes capturing aspects of an individual's overall sensitivity to experiencing and reporting chronic pain have also been suggested as a focus for investigation. We made use of a measure of the number of sites of chronic pain in individuals within the UK general population. This measure, termed Multisite Chronic Pain (MCP), is a complex trait and its genetic architecture has not previously been investigated. To address this, we carried out a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MCP in ~380,000 UK Biobank participants. Our findings were consistent with MCP having a significant polygenic component, with a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) heritability of 10.2%. In total 76 independent lead SNPs at 39 risk loci were associated with MCP. Additional gene-level association analyses identified neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, nervous system development, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis genes as enriched for genetic association with MCP. Genetic correlations were observed between MCP and a range of psychiatric, autoimmune and anthropometric traits, including major depressive disorder (MDD), asthma and Body Mass Index (BMI). Furthermore, in Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses a causal effect of MCP on MDD was observed. Additionally, a polygenic risk score (PRS) for MCP was found to significantly predict chronic widespread pain (pain all over the body), indicating the existence of genetic variants contributing to both of these pain phenotypes. Overall, our findings support the proposition that chronic pain involves a strong nervous system component with implications for our understanding of the physiology of chronic pain. These discoveries may also inform the future development of novel treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keira J. A. Johnston
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Deanery of Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Adams
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara I. Nicholl
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy Ferguson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E. S. Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Raible SE, Mehta D, Bettale C, Fiordaliso S, Kaur M, Medne L, Rio M, Haan E, White SM, Cusmano-Ozog K, Nishi E, Guo Y, Wu H, Shi X, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Lei Q, Lu A, He X, Okamoto N, Miyake N, Piccione J, Allen J, Matsumoto N, Pipan M, Krantz ID, Izumi K. Clinical and molecular spectrum of CHOPS syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1126-1138. [PMID: 31058441 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CHOPS syndrome is a multisystem disorder caused by missense mutations in AFF4. Previously, we reported three individuals whose primary phenotype included cognitive impairment and coarse facies, heart defects, obesity, pulmonary involvement, and short stature. This syndrome overlaps phenotypically with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, but presents distinct differences including facial features, pulmonary involvement, and obesity. Here, we provide clinical descriptions of an additional eight individuals with CHOPS syndrome, as well as neurocognitive analysis of three individuals. All 11 individuals presented with features reminiscent of Cornelia de Lange syndrome such as synophrys, upturned nasal tip, arched eyebrows, and long eyelashes. All 11 individuals had short stature and obesity. Congenital heart disease and pulmonary involvement were common, and those were seen in about 70% of individuals with CHOPS syndrome. Skeletal abnormalities are also common, and those include abnormal shape of vertebral bodies, hypoplastic long bones, and low bone mineral density. Our observation indicates that obesity, pulmonary involvement, skeletal findings are the most notable features distinguishing CHOPS syndrome from Cornelia de Lange syndrome. In fact, two out of eight of our newly identified patients were found to have AFF4 mutations by targeted AFF4 mutational analysis rather than exome sequencing. These phenotypic findings establish CHOPS syndrome as a distinct, clinically recognizable disorder. Additionally, we report three novel missense mutations causative for CHOPS syndrome that lie within the highly conserved, 14 amino acid sequence of the ALF homology domain of the AFF4 gene, emphasizing the critical functional role of this region in human development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Raible
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center (RIMGC), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Devanshi Mehta
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chiara Bettale
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Fiordaliso
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center (RIMGC), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Livija Medne
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center (RIMGC), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marlene Rio
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Eric Haan
- Australia and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan M White
- Department of Paediatrics, Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristina Cusmano-Ozog
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Eriko Nishi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Honglin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The 307 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The 307 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The 307 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 307 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, The 307 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aimei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The 307 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyu He
- Department of Pediatrics, The 307 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Joseph Piccione
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Center for Pediatric Airway Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julian Allen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Center for Pediatric Airway Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mary Pipan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian D Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center (RIMGC), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center (RIMGC), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Small SM, Bacher RS. Diphenhydramine-Refractory Antipsychotic-Induced Dystonia in an Adolescent Male With Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:160-165. [PMID: 31019410 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-24.2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that results in distinctive craniofacial deformities, developmental delay, hirsutism, and other physical abnormalities. Case reports suggest some of these patients exhibit sensitivity and paradoxical reactions to certain psychoactive drugs. This report of a 16-year-old male with Cornelia de Lange is the first to describe dystonia from a first-generation antipsychotic that did not respond to conventional treatment with diphenhydramine. The patient initially presented to the Emergency Department for agitation, which progressively worsened after administration of diphenhydramine, olanzapine, and intramuscular haloperidol. The patient returned to the Emergency Department the following day because of altered mental status and lethargy that progressed to periodic lip-smacking movements and contraction of his upper extremities. His symptoms continued despite administration of diphenhydramine and loading doses of 3 antiepileptic drugs. His abnormal labs included an elevated creatine kinase and a prolonged QTc interval on his electrocardiogram. His symptoms were later deemed a probable drug-induced dystonic reaction to haloperidol once seizures were excluded by an unremarkable electroencephalogram. This case supports previous reports suggesting an association between Cornelia de Lange and paradoxical drug reactions, and it is recommended that clinicians strongly weigh the risks of prescribing first-generation antipsychotics for this patient population. These medications should be carefully titrated, with close patient monitoring to prevent adverse drug effects and other iatrogenic complications because antidotes may be rendered ineffective by this condition.
Collapse
|
37
|
O’Hare EA, Antin PB, Delany ME. Two Proximally Close Priority Candidate Genes for diplopodia-1, an Autosomal Inherited Craniofacial-Limb Syndrome in the Chicken: MRE11 and GPR83. J Hered 2019; 110:194-210. [PMID: 30597046 PMCID: PMC6399517 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and expression technologies were utilized to investigate the genes and sequence elements in a 586 kb region of chicken chromosome 1 associated with the autosomal recessive diplopodia-1 (dp-1) mutation. This mutation shows a syndromic phenotype similar to known human developmental abnormalities (e.g., cleft palate, polydactyly, omphalocele [exposed viscera]). Toward our goal to ascertain the variant responsible, the entire 586 kb region was sequenced following utilization of a specifically designed capture array and to confirm/validate fine-mapping results. Bioinformatic analyses identified a total of 6142 sequence variants, which included SNPs, indels, and gaps. Of these, 778 SNPs, 146 micro-indels, and 581 gaps were unique to the UCD-Dp-1.003 inbred congenic line; those found within exons and splice sites were studied for contribution to the mutant phenotype. Upon further validation with additional mutant samples, a smaller subset (of variants [51]) remains linked to the mutation. Additionally, utilization of specific samples in the NGS technology was advantageous in that fine-mapping methodologies eliminated an additional 326 kb of sequence information on chromosome 1. Predicted and confirmed protein-coding genes within the smaller 260 kb region were assessed for their developmental expression patterns over several stages of early embryogenesis in regions/tissues of interest (e.g., digits, craniofacial region). Based on these results and known function in other vertebrates, 2 genes within 5 kb of each other, MRE11 and GPR83, are proposed as high-priority candidates for the dp-1 mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A O’Hare
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
- Elizabeth A. O’Hare is now at the Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD
| | - Parker B Antin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Mary E Delany
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yuan B, Neira J, Pehlivan D, Santiago-Sim T, Song X, Rosenfeld J, Posey JE, Patel V, Jin W, Adam MP, Baple EL, Dean J, Fong CT, Hickey SE, Hudgins L, Leon E, Madan-Khetarpal S, Rawlins L, Rustad CF, Stray-Pedersen A, Tveten K, Wenger O, Diaz J, Jenkins L, Martin L, McGuire M, Pietryga M, Ramsdell L, Slattery L, Abid F, Bertuch AA, Grange D, Immken L, Schaaf CP, Van Esch H, Bi W, Cheung SW, Breman AM, Smith JL, Shaw C, Crosby AH, Eng C, Yang Y, Lupski JR, Xiao R, Liu P. Clinical exome sequencing reveals locus heterogeneity and phenotypic variability of cohesinopathies. Genet Med 2019; 21:663-675. [PMID: 30158690 PMCID: PMC6395558 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Defects in the cohesin pathway are associated with cohesinopathies, notably Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). We aimed to delineate pathogenic variants in known and candidate cohesinopathy genes from a clinical exome perspective. METHODS We retrospectively studied patients referred for clinical exome sequencing (CES, N = 10,698). Patients with causative variants in novel or recently described cohesinopathy genes were enrolled for phenotypic characterization. RESULTS Pathogenic or likely pathogenic single-nucleotide and insertion/deletion variants (SNVs/indels) were identified in established disease genes including NIPBL (N = 5), SMC1A (N = 14), SMC3 (N = 4), RAD21 (N = 2), and HDAC8 (N = 8). The phenotypes in this genetically defined cohort skew towards the mild end of CdLS spectrum as compared with phenotype-driven cohorts. Candidate or recently reported cohesinopathy genes were supported by de novo SNVs/indels in STAG1 (N = 3), STAG2 (N = 5), PDS5A (N = 1), and WAPL (N = 1), and one inherited SNV in PDS5A. We also identified copy-number deletions affecting STAG1 (two de novo, one of unknown inheritance) and STAG2 (one of unknown inheritance). Patients with STAG1 and STAG2 variants presented with overlapping features yet without characteristic facial features of CdLS. CONCLUSION CES effectively identified disease-causing alleles at the mild end of the cohensinopathy spectrum and enabled characterization of candidate disease genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - Juanita Neira
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Child Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Teresa Santiago-Sim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Jill Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Margaret P Adam
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - Emma L Baple
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - John Dean
- Clinical Genetics Service, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZA, Scotland
| | - Chin-To Fong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Scott E Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Eyby Leon
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | | | - Lettie Rawlins
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Gladstone Road, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - Cecilie F Rustad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tveten
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, 3710, Skien, Norway
| | - Olivia Wenger
- New Leaf Center, Clinic for Special Children, Mt. Eaton, Ohio, 44659, USA
| | - Jullianne Diaz
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Laura Jenkins
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15224, USA
| | - Laura Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Marianne McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - Marguerite Pietryga
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Linda Ramsdell
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - Leah Slattery
- Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Farida Abid
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Child Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Alison A Bertuch
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Dorothy Grange
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - LaDonna Immken
- Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, Texas, 78723, USA
| | - Christian P Schaaf
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Weimin Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - Sau Wai Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - Amy M Breman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - Janice L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - Chad Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Christine Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, 77021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tang H, Guo J, Linpeng S, Wu L. Next generation sequencing identified two novel mutations in NIPBL and a frame shift mutation in CREBBP in three Chinese children. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:45. [PMID: 30770747 PMCID: PMC6377774 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) are both rare congenital multiple malformation disorders caused by genes associated with transcription. They share a number of similar features clinically. In addition, it is difficult to make a molecular diagnosis rapidly and detect the mosaic mutation when only sanger sequencing is taken. This study aims to report three novel mutations in three Chinese children identified by next generation sequencing. RESULTS We describe patient 1 and patient 2 presenting with characteristics of CdLS with mutations in NIPBL and patient 3 with a frame shift mutation in CREBBP who can be diagnosed as RSTS clinically and also have similar symptoms with CdLS to some extent. The splicing site c.4321-1G > A transversion in NIPBL is a mosaic mutation and produces an abnormal transcript bearing the loss of exon 20. The nonsense mutation c.218C > A in NIPBL and the frame shift c.1715delC mutation in CREBBP generate stop codon and yield the premature termination of proteins. CONCLUSIONS In general, we detect three novel heterozygous mutations including a splicing mutation and a nonsense mutation in NIPBL and a frame shift in CREBBP. And several similar features observed in patients indicate the clinical complexity and clinically overlapping of CdLS and RSTS termed "transcriptomopathies", suggest the underlying molecular mechanism and emphasize the utilization of next generation sequencing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Linpeng
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sakai A, Sugiyama S. Experience-dependent transcriptional regulation in juvenile brain development. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 60:473-482. [PMID: 30368782 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During brain development, once primary neural networks are formed, they are largely sculpted by environmental stimuli. The juvenile brain has a unique time window termed the critical period, in which neuronal circuits are remodeled by experience. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal rewiring of circuits in early life contributes to various neurodevelopmental disorders at later stages of life. Recent studies implicate two important aspects for activation of the critical period, both of which are experience-dependent: (a) proper excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance of neural circuit achieved during developmental trajectory of inhibitory interneurons, and (b) epigenetic regulation allowing flexible gene expression for neuronal plasticity. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of juvenile brain plasticity from the viewpoints of transcriptional and chromatin regulation, with a focus on Otx2 homeoprotein. Depending on experience, Otx2 is transported into cortical parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV cells), where it induces PV cell maturation to activate the critical period. Understanding the unique behavior and function of Otx2 as a "messenger" of experience should therefore provide insights into mechanisms of juvenile brain development. Recently identified downstream targets of Otx2 suggest novel roles of Otx2 in homeostasis of PV cells, and, moreover, in regulation of chromatin state, which is important for neuronal plasticity. We further discuss epigenetic changes during postnatal brain development spanning the critical period. Different aspects of chromatin regulation may underlie experience-dependent neuronal development and plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sakai
- Laboratory of Neuronal Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Neuronal Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) and its inhibitors with selectivity to other isoforms: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:214-240. [PMID: 30594678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The histone deacetylases (HDACs) enzymes provided crucial role in transcriptional regulation of cells through deacetylation of nuclear histone proteins. Discoveries related to the HDAC8 enzyme activity signified the importance of HDAC8 isoform in cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, cancer, neuronal disorders, parasitic/viral infections and other epigenetic regulations. The pan-HDAC inhibitors can confront these conditions but have chances to affect epigenetic functions of other HDAC isoforms. Designing of selective HDAC8 inhibitors is a key feature to combat the pathophysiological and diseased conditions involving the HDAC8 activity. This review is concerned about the structural and positional aspects of HDAC8 in the HDAC family. It also covers the contributions of HDAC8 in the pathophysiological conditions, a preliminary discussion about the recent scenario of HDAC8 inhibitors. This review might help to deliver the structural, functional and computational information in order to identify and design potent and selective HDAC8 inhibitors for target specific treatment of diseases involving HDAC8 enzymatic activity.
Collapse
|
42
|
Phan A, Thomas CI, Chakraborty M, Berry JA, Kamasawa N, Davis RL. Stromalin Constrains Memory Acquisition by Developmentally Limiting Synaptic Vesicle Pool Size. Neuron 2018; 101:103-118.e5. [PMID: 30503644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stromalin, a cohesin complex protein, was recently identified as a novel memory suppressor gene, but its mechanism remained unknown. Here, we show that Stromalin functions as a negative regulator of synaptic vesicle (SV) pool size in Drosophila neurons. Stromalin knockdown in dopamine neurons during a critical developmental period enhances learning and increases SV pool size without altering the number of dopamine neurons, their axons, or synapses. The developmental effect of Stromalin knockdown persists into adulthood, leading to strengthened synaptic connections and enhanced olfactory memory acquisition in adult flies. Correcting the SV content in dopamine neuron axon terminals by impairing anterograde SV trafficking motor protein Unc104/KIF1A rescues the enhanced-learning phenotype in Stromalin knockdown flies. Our results identify a new mechanism for memory suppression and reveal that the size of the SV pool is controlled genetically and independent from other aspects of neuron structure and function through Stromalin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Phan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Connon I Thomas
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Molee Chakraborty
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jacob A Berry
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Meshram GG, Kaur N, Hura KS. Cornelia De Lange Syndrome In A 4-Year-Old Child From India: Phenotype Description And Role Of Genetic Counseling. Med Arch 2018; 72:297-299. [PMID: 30515000 PMCID: PMC6194947 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2018.72.297-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a congenital disorder marked by distinctive facial features, severe growth restriction, cognitive disability, global developmental delay, and anomalies involving multiple body organs. Majority cases of CdLS are caused due to sporadic mutations in the NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, or HDAC8 genes, which form/regulate a multiprotein complex called cohesin. Cohesin is required for the separation of sister chromatids during cell division. CASE REPORT We present a rare case of a 4-year-old child from India depicting classical features of CdLS. The patient was managed symptomatically by a multidisciplinary team and was requested regular follow-ups. CONCLUSION Phenotype description according to ethnicity may help in diagnosing CdLS. A multipronged approach by a team of physicians from various faculties is required for providing comprehensive medical care to patients with CdLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girish Gulab Meshram
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Kaur
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Centre, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kanwaljeet Singh Hura
- Department of Paediatrics, Richmond University Medical Centre, Staten Island, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Eliason MJ, Melzer JM, Gallagher TQ. Cornelia de Lange syndrome: What every otolaryngologist should know. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2018; 96:E6-E9. [PMID: 28846791 DOI: 10.1177/014556131709600802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) can be expressed in multiple organ systems requiring a variety of specialists, including pediatric otolaryngology. We present the case of a 20-month-old boy with CdLS actively managed by an aerodigestive team consisting of pediatric otolaryngology, pediatric pulmonology, pediatric gastroenterology, with support staff from audiology, speech, and nutrition. His presentation included mixed hearing loss, dysphagia, microaspiration, gastroesophageal reflux, and failure to thrive. We submit this challenging case of CdLS with a review of the literature to focus specific attention on the otolaryngic manifestations of the syndrome and to discuss the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach to these unique patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Eliason
- Department of Otolaryngology, Naval Medical Center, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recurrent loss of function mutations within genes of the cohesin complex have been identified in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). STAG2 is the most commonly mutated cohesin member in AML as well as solid tumors. STAG2 is recurrently, mutated in Ewing's Sarcoma, bladder cancer, and glioblastoma, and is one of only ten genes known to be recurrently mutated in over four distinct tissue types of human cancer RECENT FINDINGS: The cohesin complex, a multiprotein ring, is canonically known to align and stabilize replicated chromosomes prior to cell division. Although initially thought to lead to unequal chromosomal separation in dividing cells, data in myeloid malignancies show this is not observed in cohesin mutant MDS/AML, either in large patient cohorts or mouse models. Mounting evidence supports a potential alternate mechanism whereby drivers of cell-type specific gene expression and hematopoietic development are impaired through alteration in three-dimensional nuclear organization and gene structure. SUMMARY Understanding the functional consequences of cohesin mutations in regulating lineage-specific and signal-dependent defects and in myeloid transformation will identify novel pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease and inform the development of novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Nuclear/genetics
- Antigens, Nuclear/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mutation
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/metabolism
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Cohesins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Viny
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, and Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aquila L, Ohm J, Woloszynska-Read A. The role of STAG2 in bladder cancer. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:143-149. [PMID: 29501732 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stromal Antigen 2 (STAG2) is one of four components of the cohesin complex and predominantly functions in sister chromatid cohesion and segregation. STAG2 is the most frequently mutated cohesin subunit and was recently identified as a gene that is commonly altered in bladder cancer. The significance of these mutations remains controversial. Some studies associate loss of STAG2 expression with low stage and low grade bladder tumors, as well as with improved clinical outcomes. In other cases, STAG2 inactivation has been shown to be a predictor of worse outcome for these patients. The role of STAG2 in aneuploidy also remains controversial. Loss of STAG2 is associated with significant changes in chromosome number in certain cell lines, while in others, aneuploidy is not induced or results remain inconclusive. At this time, little is known about the influence of STAG2 on cellular migration, invasion, proliferation, and cell death, and such studies are required to determine the role of STAG2 in bladder cancer and other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanni Aquila
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joyce Ohm
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Anna Woloszynska-Read
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Litwin I, Wysocki R. New insights into cohesin loading. Curr Genet 2018; 64:53-61. [PMID: 28631016 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cohesin is a conserved, ring-shaped protein complex that encircles sister chromatids and ensures correct chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. It also plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, DNA condensation, and DNA repair through both non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination. Cohesins are spatiotemporally regulated by the Scc2-Scc4 complex which facilitates cohesin loading onto chromatin at specific chromosomal sites. Over the last few years, much attention has been paid to cohesin and cohesin loader as it became clear that even minor disruptions of these complexes may lead to developmental disorders and cancers. Here we summarize recent developments in the structure of Scc2-Scc4 complex, cohesin loading process, and mediators that determine the Scc2-Scc4 binding patterns to chromatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Litwin
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bettini LR, Graziola F, Fazio G, Grazioli P, Scagliotti V, Pasquini M, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Larizza L, Selicorni A, Gaston-Massuet C, Massa V. Rings and Bricks: Expression of Cohesin Components is Dynamic during Development and Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E438. [PMID: 29389897 PMCID: PMC5855660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesin complex components exert fundamental roles in animal cells, both canonical in cell cycle and non-canonical in gene expression regulation. Germline mutations in genes coding for cohesins result in developmental disorders named cohesinopaties, of which Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is the best-known entity. However, a basic description of mammalian expression pattern of cohesins in a physiologic condition is still needed. Hence, we report a detailed analysis of expression in murine and human tissues of cohesin genes defective in CdLS. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods in fetal and adult tissues, cohesin genes were found to be ubiquitously and differentially expressed in human tissues. In particular, abundant expression was observed in hematopoietic and central nervous system organs. Findings of the present study indicate tissues which should be particularly sensitive to mutations, germline and/or somatic, in cohesin genes. Hence, this expression analysis in physiological conditions may represent a first core reference for cohesinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rachele Bettini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
- Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Federica Graziola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Paolo Grazioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Scagliotti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Mariavittoria Pasquini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20154 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Valentina Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Crawford H, Waite J, Oliver C. Diverse Profiles of Anxiety Related Disorders in Fragile X, Cornelia de Lange and Rubinstein-Taybi Syndromes. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:3728-3740. [PMID: 28144878 PMCID: PMC5676833 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-3015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are heightened in specific genetic syndromes in comparison to intellectual disability of heterogeneous aetiology. In this study, we described and contrasted anxiety symptomatology in fragile X (FXS), Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi syndromes (RTS), and compared the symptomatology to normative data for typically-developing children and children diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Scores did not differ between children diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and (a) participants with FXS on social phobia, panic/agoraphobia, physical injury fears, and obsessive-compulsive subscales (b) participants with CdLS on separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, panic/agoraphobia, physical injury fears and obsessive-compulsive subscales, and (c) participants with RTS on panic/agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive subscales. The results highlight divergent profiles of anxiety symptomatology between these groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Crawford
- Centre for Research in Psychology, Behaviour and Achievement, Coventry University, James Starley Building (JSG12), Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jane Waite
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Structure–activity relationships of hydroxamate-based histone deacetylase-8 inhibitors: reality behind anticancer drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:2211-2237. [PMID: 29182018 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors comprise a fish-like structural orientation where hydrophobic aryl- and zinc-binding groups act as head and tail, respectively of a fish. The linker moiety correlates the body of the fish linking head and tail groups. Despite these pan-HDAC inhibitors, selective HDAC-8 inhibitors are still in demand as a safe remedy. HDAC-8 is involved in invasion and metastasis in cancer. This review deals with the rationale behind HDAC-8 inhibitory activity and selectivity along with detailed structure–activity relationships of diverse hydroxamate-based HDAC-8 inhibitors. HDAC-8 inhibitory potency may be increased by modifying the fish-like pharmacophoric features of such type of pan-HDAC inhibitors. This review may provide a preliminary basis to design and optimize new lead molecules with higher HDAC-8 inhibitory activity. This work may surely enlighten in providing useful information in the field of target-specific anticancer therapy.
Collapse
|