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Jiménez-Estévez E, Martínez-Martínez A, Amo J, Yáñez A, Miñarro P, Martínez V, Nieves-Cordones M, Rubio F. Increased tolerance to low K +, and to cationic stress of Arabidopsis plants by expressing the F130S mutant version of the K + transporter AtHAK5. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108768. [PMID: 38797008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) selectivity of high-affinity K+ uptake systems is crucial for plant growth under low K+ and in the presence of inhibitors of K+ uptake that are toxic to plants such as Na+ or Cs+. Here, we express a mutated version of the Arabidopsis AtHAK5 high-affinity K+ transporter consisting on a change of phenylalanine 130 to serine (F130S) in athak5 akt1 double mutant plants. F130S-expressing plants show better growth, increased K+ uptake from low external concentrations and higher K+ contents when grown at low K+ (10 μM) and when grown at low K+ in the presence of Na+ (15 mM) or Cs+ (1 μM). In addition, these plants accumulate less Na+ and Cs+, resulting in lower Na+/K+ and Cs+/K+ ratios, which are important determinants of plant tolerance to salt stress and to Cs+-polluted soils. Structure analysis of AtHAK5 suggest that the F130 residue approaches the intracellular gate of the K+ tunnel of AtHAK5, affecting somehow its ionic selectivity. Modification of transport systems has a large potential to face challenges of future agriculture such as sustainable production under abiotic stress conditions imposed by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Jiménez-Estévez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Almudena Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrián Yáñez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Miñarro
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Niu F, Cui X, Yang B, Wang R, Zhao P, Zhao X, Zhang H, Fan X, Li Y, Deyholos MK, Jiang YQ. WRKY6 transcription factor modulates root potassium acquisition through promoting expression of AKT1 in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1652-1667. [PMID: 38418388 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K+), being an essential macronutrient in plants, plays a central role in many aspects. Root growth is highly plastic and is affected by many different abiotic stresses including nutrient deficiency. The Shaker-type K+ channel Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) K+ Transporter 1 (AKT1) is responsible for K+ uptake under both low and high external K+ conditions. However, the upstream transcription factor of AKT1 is not clear. Here, we demonstrated that the WRKY6 transcription factor modulates root growth to low potassium (LK) stress in Arabidopsis. WRKY6 showed a quick response to LK stress and also to many other abiotic stress treatments. The two wrky6 T-DNA insertion mutants were highly sensitive to LK treatment, whose primary root lengths were much shorter, less biomass and lower K+ content in roots than those of wild-type plants, while WRKY6-overexpression lines showed opposite phenotypes. A further investigation showed that WRKY6 regulated the expression of the AKT1 gene via directly binding to the W-box elements in its promoter through EMSA and ChIP-qPCR assays. A dual luciferase reporter analysis further demonstrated that WRKY6 enhanced the transcription of AKT1. Genetic analysis further revealed that the overexpression of AKT1 greatly rescued the short root phenotype of the wrky6 mutant under LK stress, suggesting AKT1 is epistatic to WRKY6 in the control of LK response. Further transcriptome profiling suggested that WRKY6 modulates LK response through a complex regulatory network. Thus, this study unveils a transcription factor that modulates root growth under potassium deficiency conditions by affecting the potassium channel gene AKT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanfeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojiang Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael K Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Guo H, Tan J, Jiao Y, Huang B, Ma R, Ramakrishnan M, Qi G, Zhang Z. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the HAK/KUP/KT gene family in Moso bamboo. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1331710. [PMID: 38595761 PMCID: PMC11002169 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1331710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The K+ uptake permease/high-affinity K+/K+ transporter (KUP/HAK/KT) family is the most prominent group of potassium (K+) transporters, playing a key role in K+ uptake, transport, plant growth and development, and stress tolerance. However, the presence and functions of the KUP/HAK/KT family in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau), the fastest-growing plant, have not been studied. In this study, we identified 41 KUP/HAK/KT genes (PeHAKs) distributed across 18 chromosomal scaffolds of the Moso bamboo genome. PeHAK is a typical membrane protein with a conserved structural domain and motifs. Phylogenetic tree analysis classified PeHAKs into four distinct clusters, while collinearity analysis revealed gene duplications resulting from purifying selection, including both tandem and segmental duplications. Enrichment analysis of promoter cis-acting elements suggested their plausible role in abiotic stress response and hormone induction. Transcriptomic data and STEM analyses indicated that PeHAKs were involved in tissue and organ development, rapid growth, and responded to different abiotic stress conditions. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that PeHAKs are predominantly expressed at the cell membrane. In-situ PCR experiments confirmed that PeHAK was mainly expressed in the lateral root primordia. Furthermore, the involvement of PeHAKs in potassium ion transport was confirmed by studying the potassium ion transport properties of a yeast mutant. Additionally, through homology modeling, we revealed the structural properties of HAK as a transmembrane protein associated with potassium ion transport. This research provides a solid basis for understanding the classification, characterization, and functional analysis of the PeHAK family in Moso bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruifang Ma
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoning Qi
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Shen T, Xu F, Chen D, Yan R, Wang Q, Li K, Zhang G, Ni L, Jiang M. A B-box transcription factor OsBBX17 regulates saline-alkaline tolerance through the MAPK cascade pathway in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2158-2175. [PMID: 38098211 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Rice OsBBX17 encodes a B-box zinc finger transcription factor in which the N-terminal B-box structural domain interacts with OsMPK1. In addition, it directly binds to the G-box of OsHAK2 and OsHAK7 promoters and represses their transcription. Under saline-alkaline conditions, the expression of OsBBX17 was inhibited. Meanwhile, activation of the OsMPK1-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade pathway caused OsMPK1 to interact with OsBBX17 and phosphorylate OsBBX17 at the Thr-95 site. It reduced OsBBX17 DNA-binding activity and enhanced saline-alkaline tolerance by deregulating transcriptional repression of OsHAK2 and OsHAK7. Genetic assays showed that the osbbx17-KO had an excellent saline-alkaline tolerance, whereas the opposite was in OsBBX17-OE. In addition, overexpression of OsMPK1 significantly improved saline-alkaline tolerance, but knockout of OsMPK1 caused an increased sensitivity. Further overexpression of OsBBX17 in the osmpk1-KO caused extreme saline-alkaline sensitivity, even a quick death. OsBBX17 was validated in saline-alkaline tolerance from two independent aspects, transcriptional level and post-translational protein modification, unveiling a mechanistic framework by which OsMPK1-mediated phosphorylation of OsBBX17 regulates the transcription of OsHAK2 and OsHAK7 to enhance the Na+ /K+ homeostasis, which partially explains light on the molecular mechanisms of rice responds to saline-alkaline stress via B-box transcription factors for the genetic engineering of saline-alkaline tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fengjuan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Runjiao Yan
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kaiyue Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lan Ni
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Amo J, Martínez-Martínez A, Martínez V, Rubio F, Nieves-Cordones M. Relevance of the SlCIPK23 kinase in Na + uptake and root morphology in K +-starved tomato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108373. [PMID: 38266564 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of Na+ as a substitute for K+ have been well-documented at the physiological level. However, the transport systems and regulatory mechanisms that allow Na+ acquisition under K+ deficiency remain poorly understood in the majority of land plants. In tomato, SlCIPK23 kinase was involved in Na+ accumulation in K+-starved plants, in addition to activating the LKT1 K+ channel and the K+ transporter SlHAK5. We used the central role of SlCIPK23 in K+ and Na+ acquisition to study which molecular entities mediate Na+ uptake with knockout tomato mutants and expression in heterologous systems. Two main pathways for Na+ uptake were deduced in tomato plants: an NH4+-sensitive pathway dependent on SlCIPK23, and a second one sensitive to Ba2+, Ca2+, La3+, and Li+. The addition of Na+ (10 mM) to lkt1, slhak5, or slcipk23 mutant KO lines produced interesting changes in root morphology. In particular, the roots of slcipk23 plants were longer and lighter than those of the WT under K+-deficient conditions and this effect was reversed by the addition of 10 mM Na+. These results provide a stimulating perspective for the study of the beneficial effects of Na+ in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura- CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Almudena Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura- CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura- CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura- CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura- CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
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Chen Y, Lin Y, Zhang S, Lin Z, Chen S, Wang Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the HAK Gene Family in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Their Expression Profiles under Saline and Alkaline Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3747. [PMID: 37960103 PMCID: PMC10650088 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The high-affinity K+ transporter (HAK) family, the most prominent potassium transporter family in plants, which involves K+ transport, plays crucial roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, the HAK gene family remains to be characterized in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). We explored HAKs in quinoa, identifying 30 members (CqHAK1-CqHAK30) in four clusters phylogenetically. Uneven distribution was observed across 18 chromosomes. Furthermore, we investigated the proteins' evolutionary relationships, physicochemical properties, conserved domains and motifs, gene structure, and cis-regulatory elements of the CqHAKs family members. Transcription data analysis showed that CqHAKs have diverse expression patterns among different tissues and in response to abiotic stresses, including drought, heat, low phosphorus, and salt. The expressional changes of CqHAKs in roots were more sensitive in response to abiotic stress than that in shoot apices. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that under high saline condition, CqHAK1, CqHAK13, CqHAK19, and CqHAK20 were dramatically induced in leaves; under alkaline condition, CqHAK1, CqHAK13, CqHAK19, and CqHAK20 were dramatically induced in leaves, and CqHAK6, CqHAK9, CqHAK13, CqHAK23, and CqHAK29 were significantly induced in roots. Our results establish a foundation for further investigation of the functions of HAKs in quinoa. It is the first study to identify the HAK gene family in quinoa, which provides potential targets for further functional study and contributes to improving the salt and alkali tolerance in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Chen
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
- Fujian University Engineering Research Center of Marine Biology and Drugs, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yingfeng Lin
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (S.Z.)
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (S.Z.)
| | - Zhongyuan Lin
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
- Fujian University Engineering Research Center of Marine Biology and Drugs, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Songbiao Chen
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
- Fujian University Engineering Research Center of Marine Biology and Drugs, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
- Fujian University Engineering Research Center of Marine Biology and Drugs, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Yang M, Chen S, Huang Z, Gao S, Yu T, Du T, Zhang H, Li X, Liu CM, Chen S, Li H. Deep learning-enabled discovery and characterization of HKT genes in Spartina alterniflora. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:690-705. [PMID: 37494542 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Spartina alterniflora is a halophyte that can survive in high-salinity environments, and it is phylogenetically close to important cereal crops, such as maize and rice. It is of scientific interest to understand why S. alterniflora can live under such extremely stressful conditions. The molecular mechanism underlying its high-saline tolerance is still largely unknown. Here we investigated the possibility that high-affinity K+ transporters (HKTs), which function in salt tolerance and maintenance of ion homeostasis in plants, are responsible for salt tolerance in S. alterniflora. To overcome the imprecision and unstable of the gene screening method caused by the conventional sequence alignment, we used a deep learning method, DeepGOPlus, to automatically extract sequence and protein characteristics from our newly assemble S. alterniflora genome to identify SaHKTs. Results showed that a total of 16 HKT genes were identified. The number of S. alterniflora HKTs (SaHKTs) is larger than that in all other investigated plant species except wheat. Phylogenetically related SaHKT members had similar gene structures, conserved protein domains and cis-elements. Expression profiling showed that most SaHKT genes are expressed in specific tissues and are differentially expressed under salt stress. Yeast complementation expression analysis showed that type I members SaHKT1;2, SaHKT1;3 and SaHKT1;8 and type II members SaHKT2;1, SaHKT2;3 and SaHKT2;4 had low-affinity K+ uptake ability and that type II members showed stronger K+ affinity than rice and Arabidopsis HKTs, as well as most SaHKTs showed preference for Na+ transport. We believe the deep learning-based methods are powerful approaches to uncovering new functional genes, and the SaHKT genes identified are important resources for breeding new varieties of salt-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maogeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Zhangping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Shang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Tingxi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Tingting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
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Peng L, Xiao H, Li R, Zeng Y, Gu M, Moran N, Yu L, Xu G. Potassium transporter OsHAK18 mediates potassium and sodium circulation and sugar translocation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2003-2020. [PMID: 37527483 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity potassium (K+) transporter (HAK)/K+ uptake permease (KUP)/K+ transporter (KT) have been identified in all genome-sequenced terrestrial plants. They play an important role in K+ acquisition and translocation and in enhancing salt tolerance. Here, we report that plasma membrane-located OsHAK18 functions in K+ and sodium (Na+) circulation and sugar translocation in rice (Oryza sativa). OsHAK18 was expressed mainly, though not exclusively, in vascular tissues and particularly in the phloem. Knockout (KO) of OsHAK18 reduced K+ concentration in phloem sap and roots but increased K+ accumulation in the shoot of both 'Nipponbare' and 'Zhonghua11' cultivars, while overexpression (OX) of OsHAK18 driven by its endogenous promoter increased K+ concentration in phloem sap and roots and promoted Na+ retrieval from the shoot to the root under salt stress. Split-root experimental analysis of rubidium (Rb+) uptake and circulation indicated that OsHAK18-OX promoted Rb+ translocation from the shoot to the root. In addition, OsHAK18-KO increased while OsHAK18-OX reduced soluble sugar content in the shoot and oppositely affected the sugar concentration in the phloem and its content in the root. Moreover, OsHAK18-OX dramatically increased grain yield and physiological K+ utilization efficiency. Our results suggest that-unlike other OsHAKs analyzed heretofore-OsHAK18 is critical for K+ and Na+ recirculation from the shoot to the root and enhances the source-to-sink translocation of photo-assimilates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirun Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huojun Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ran Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mian Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nava Moran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ling Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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9
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Kanno S, Martin L, Vallier N, Chiarenza S, Nobori T, Furukawa J, Nussaume L, Vavasseur A, Leonhardt N. Xylem K + loading modulates K + and Cs + absorption and distribution in Arabidopsis under K +-limited conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1040118. [PMID: 37810384 PMCID: PMC10557132 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. The transcriptional regulation of K+ transporter genes is one of the key mechanisms by which plants respond to K+ deficiency. Among the HAK/KUP/KT transporter family, HAK5, a high-affinity K+ transporter, is essential for root K+ uptake under low external K+ conditions. HAK5 expression in the root is highly induced by low external K+ concentration. While the molecular mechanisms of HAK5 regulation have been extensively studied, it remains unclear how plants sense and coordinates K+ uptake and translocation in response to changing environmental conditions. Using skor mutants, which have a defect in root-to-shoot K+ translocation, we have been able to determine how the internal K+ status affects the expression of HAK5. In skor mutant roots, under K+ deficiency, HAK5 expression was lower than in wild-type although the K+ concentration in roots was not significantly different. These results reveal that HAK5 is not only regulated by external K+ conditions but it is also regulated by internal K+ levels, which is in agreement with recent findings. Additionally, HAK5 plays a major role in the uptake of Cs+ in roots. Therefore, studying Cs+ in roots and having more detailed information about its uptake and translocation in the plant would be valuable. Radioactive tracing experiments revealed not only a reduction in the uptake of 137Cs+ and 42K+in skor mutants compared to wild-type but also a different distribution of 137Cs+ and 42K+ in tissues. In order to gain insight into the translocation, accumulation, and repartitioning of both K+ and Cs+ in plants, long-term treatment and split root experiments were conducted with the stable isotopes 133Cs+ and 85Rb+. Finally, our findings show that the K+ distribution in plant tissues regulates root uptake of K+ and Cs+ similarly, depending on HAK5; however, the translocation and accumulation of the two elements are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kanno
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ludovic Martin
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Natacha Vallier
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Serge Chiarenza
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Tatsuya Nobori
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Jun Furukawa
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Alain Vavasseur
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
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10
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Guo H, Cui Y, Li Z, Nie C, Xu Y, Hu T. Photosynthesis, Water Status and K +/Na + Homeostasis of Buchoe dactyloides Responding to Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2459. [PMID: 37447020 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is one of the most serious abiotic stresses restricting plant growth. Buffalograss is a C4 perennial turfgrass and forage with an excellent resistance to harsh environments. To clarify the adaptative mechanisms of buffalograss in response to salinity, we investigated the effects of NaCl treatments on photosynthesis, water status and K+/Na+ homeostasis of this species, then analyzed the expression of key genes involved in these processes using the qRT-PCR method. The results showed that NaCl treatments up to 200 mM had no obvious effects on plant growth, photosynthesis and leaf hydrate status, and even substantially stimulated root activity. Furthermore, buffalograss could retain a large amount of Na+ in roots to restrict Na+ overaccumulation in shoots, and increase leaf K+ concentration to maintain a high K+/Na+ ratio under NaCl stresses. After 50 and 200 mM NaCl treatments, the expressions of several genes related to chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transport and CO2 assimilation, as well as aquaporin genes (BdPIPs and BdTIPs) were upregulated. Notably, under NaCl treatments, the increased expression of BdSOS1, BdHKT1 and BdNHX1 in roots might have helped Na+ exclusion by root tips, retrieval from xylem sap and accumulation in root cells, respectively; the upregulation of BdHAK5 and BdSKOR in roots likely enhanced K+ uptake and long-distance transport from roots to shoots, respectively. This work finds that buffalograss possesses a strong ability to sustain high photosynthetic capacity, water balance and leaf K+/Na+ homeostasis under salt stress, and lays a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of buffalograss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yannong Cui
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chunya Nie
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuefei Xu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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11
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Han X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Ren W, Liu K, Zhang W, Zhang H, Tang M. LbKAT3 may assist in mycorrhizal potassium uptake, and overexpression of LbKAT3 may promote potassium, phosphorus, and water transport from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the host plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1161220. [PMID: 37409300 PMCID: PMC10319307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1161220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Potassium plays important roles in most plant physiological processes. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi promote plant water and mineral nutrient acquisition to promote plant growth. However, few studies have focused on the effect of AM colonization on potassium uptake by the host plant. In this study, the effects of an AM fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis) and potassium concentration (0, 3, or 10 mM K+) on Lycium barbarum were evaluated. A split-root test with L. barbarum seedlings was conducted, and the potassium uptake capacity of LbKAT3 was verified in yeast. A tobacco line overexpressing LbKAT3 was generated and mycorrhizal functions under two potassium concentrations (0.2 and 2 mM K+) were studied. Inoculation of R. irregularis and application of potassium increased the dry weight, and potassium and phosphorus contents of L. barbarum, and increased the colonization rate and arbuscule abundance of R. irregularis. In addition, the expression of LbKAT3 and AQP genes in L. barbarum was upregulated. Inoculation of R. irregularis induced LbPT4, Rir-AQP1, and Rir-AQP2 expression, and application of potassium upregulated the expression of these genes. Inoculation with the AM fungus locally regulated the expression of LbKAT3. Inoculation of R. irregularis improved the growth, and potassium and phosphorus contents, and induced NtPT4, Rir-AQP1, and Rir-AQP2 expression in tobacco overexpressing LbKAT3 under both potassium concentrations. Overexpression of LbKAT3 in tobacco improved the growth, potassium accumulation, and AM colonization, and upregulated the expression of NtPT4 and Rir-AQP1 in mycorrhizal tobacco. The results suggest that LbKAT3 may assist in mycorrhizal potassium uptake, and overexpression of LbKAT3 may promote potassium, phosphorus, and water transport from the AM fungus to tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Ren
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Dai S, Wu H, Chen H, Wang Z, Yu X, Wang L, Jia X, Qin C, Zhu Y, Yi K, Zeng H. Comparative transcriptome analyses under individual and combined nutrient starvations provide insights into N/P/K interactions in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107642. [PMID: 36989993 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Crops often suffer from simultaneous limitations of multiple nutrients in soils, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), which are three major macronutrients essential for ensuring growth and yield. Although plant responses to individual N, P, and K deficiency have been well documented, our understanding of the responses to combined nutrient deficiencies and the crosstalk between nutrient starvation responses is still limited. Here, we compared the physiological responses in rice under seven kinds of single and multiple low nutrient stress of N, P and K, and used RNA sequencing approaches to compare their transcriptome changes. A total of 13,000 genes were found to be differentially expressed under all these single and multiple low N/P/K stresses, and 66 and 174 of them were shared by all these stresses in roots and shoots, respectively. Functional enrichment analyses of the DEGs showed that a group of biological and metabolic processes were shared by these low N/P/K stresses. Comparative analyses indicated that DEGs under multiple low nutrient stress was not the simple summation of single nutrient stress. N was found to be the predominant factor affecting the transcriptome under combined nutrient stress. N, P, or K availability exhibited massive influences on the transcriptomic responses to starvation of other nutrients. Many genes involved in nutrient transport, hormone signaling, and transcriptional regulation were commonly responsive to low N/P/K stresses. Some transcription factors were predicted to regulate the expression of genes that are commonly responsive to N, P, and K starvations. These results revealed the interactions between N, P, and K starvation responses, and will be helpful for further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying nutrient interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhuan Dai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Haicheng Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zihui Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Meng J, Zhong C, Fan C. Characterization of HAK protein family in Casuarina equisetifolia and the positive regulatory role of CeqHAK6 and CeqHAK11 genes in response to salt tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1084337. [PMID: 36816483 PMCID: PMC9936244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1084337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potassium transporter group of the HAK/KUP/KT (high-affinity K+)/KUP (K+ uptake)/KT (K+ transporter) family plays a crucial role in plant growth and development as well as in environmental adaptation such as tolerance to salt stress. HAK/KUP/KT genes and their functions have been characterized for a number of plant species, but they remain unknown for Casuarina equisetifolia, an important tree species for coastal protection in southern China and many other countries. In this study, 25 HAK genes were identified in the C. equisetifolia genome. Their gene structure, conserved motif, phylogeny, and expression were comprehensively and systematically analyzed to understand their functions. All HAK genes were relatively conserved and could be divided into four clusters. The expression level of two particular genes, CeqHAK11 and CeqHAK6, increased significantly with the duration of salt treatment. To further elucidated their function in response to salt stress, subcellular localization, and their functional analysis were developed. Results revealed that CeqHAK11 and CeqHAK6 were localized on the plasma membrane, which mainly mediated high-affinity K+ uptake. Overexpression of CeqHAK6 or CeqHAK11 in Arabidopsis showed higher germination and survival rates and longer root length than wild-type (WT) under salt stress, suggesting that both genes improve tolerance to salt stress. Moreover, CeqHAK6 and CeqHAK11 improved their ability to tolerate salt stress by increasing the K+/Na+ ratio and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POD, and SOD), and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Consequently, CeqHAK6 and CeqHAK11 were verified as potassium transport proteins and could be applied for further molecular breeding for salt tolerance in C. equisetifolia or other crops to increasing salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
- Specialty Cash Crop Research Laboratory, Cotton Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chonglu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunjie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Run Y, Cheng X, Dou W, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Li B, Liu T, Xu H. Wheat potassium transporter TaHAK13 mediates K + absorption and maintains potassium homeostasis under low potassium stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1103235. [PMID: 36618640 PMCID: PMC9816385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant physiological processes. Members of the HAK/KUP/KT gene family act as potassium transporters, and the family plays an important role in potassium uptake and utilization in plants. In this study, the TaHAK13 gene was cloned from wheat and its function characterized. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that TaHAK13 expression was induced by environmental stress and up-regulated under drought (PEG6000), low potassium (LK), and salt (NaCl) stress. GUS staining indicated that TaHAK13 was mainly expressed in the leaf veins, stems, and root tips in Arabidopsis thaliana, and expression varied with developmental stage. TaHAK13 mediated K+ absorption when heterologously expressed in yeast CY162 strains, and its activity was slightly stronger than that of a TaHAK1 positive control. Subcellular localization analysis illustrated that TaHAK13 was located to the plasma membrane. When c(K+) ≤0.01 mM, the root length and fresh weight of TaHAK13 transgenic lines (athak5/TaHAK13, Col/TaHAK13) were significantly higher than those of non-transgenic lines (athak5, Col). Non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) indicated that the net K influx of the transgenic lines was also higher than that of the non-transgenic lines. This suggests that TaHAK13 promotes K+ absorption, especially in low potassium media. Membrane-based yeast two-hybrid (MbY2H) and luciferase complementation assays (LCA) showed that TaHAK13 interacted with TaNPF5.10 and TaNPF6.3. Our findings have helped to clarify the biological functions of TaHAK13 and established a theoretical framework to dissect its function in wheat.
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15
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Yamanashi T, Uchiyama T, Saito S, Higashi T, Ikeda H, Kikunaga H, Yamagami M, Ishimaru Y, Uozumi N. Potassium transporter KUP9 participates in K + distribution in roots and leaves under low K + stress. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:52. [PMID: 37676337 PMCID: PMC10441886 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is a major essential element in plant cells, and KUP/HAK/KT-type K+ transporters participate in the absorption of K+ into roots and in the long-distance transport to above-ground parts. In Arabidopsis thaliana, KUP9 is involved in the transport of K+ and Cs+ in roots. In this study, we investigated KUP9 function in relation to the K+ status of the plant. The expression of KUP9 was upregulated in older leaves on K+-depleted medium, compared to the expression of the other 12 KUP genes in the KUP/HAK/KT family in Arabidopsis. When grown on low K+ medium, the kup9 mutant had reduced chlorophyll content in seedlings and chlorosis in older rosette leaves. Tissue-specific expression of KUP9 determined by KUP9 promoter:GUS assay depended on the K+ status of the plants: In K+ sufficient medium, KUP9 was expressed in the leaf blade towards the leaf tip, whereas in K+ depleted medium expression was mainly found in the petioles. In accordance with this, K+ accumulated in the roots of kup9 plants. The short-term 43K+ tracer measurement showed that 43K was transferred at a lower rate in roots and shoots of kup9, compared to the wild type. These data show that KUP9 participates in the distribution of K+ in leaves and K+ absorption in roots under low K+ conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Yamanashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shunya Saito
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Taiki Higashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hayato Ikeda
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0826, Japan
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kikunaga
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0826, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Yamagami
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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16
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Proteomic Analysis of Roots Response to Potassium Deficiency and the Effect of TaHAK1-4A on K+ Uptake in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113504. [PMID: 36362290 PMCID: PMC9659051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is essential for plant growth and stress responses. A deficiency in soil K+ contents can result in decreased wheat quality and productivity. Thus, clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying wheat responses to low-K+ (LK) stress is critical. In this study, a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in roots of the LK-tolerant wheat cultivar “KN9204” at the seedling stage after exposure to LK stress. A total of 104 DAPs were identified in the LK-treated roots. The DAPs related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, transport, stress responses and defense, and post-translational modifications under LK conditions were highlighted. We identified a high-affinity potassium transporter (TaHAK1-4A) that was significantly up-regulated after the LK treatment. Additionally, TaHAK1-4A was mainly expressed in roots, and the encoded protein was localized in the plasma membrane. The complementation assay in yeast suggested that TaHAK1-4A mediates K+ uptake under extreme LK conditions. The overexpression of TaHAK1-4A increased the fresh weight and root length of Arabidopsis under LK conditions and improved the growth of Arabidopsis athak5 mutant seedlings, which grow poorly under LK conditions. Moreover, silencing of TaHAK1-4A in wheat roots treated with LK stress decreased the root length, dry weight, K+ concentration, and K+ influx. Accordingly, TaHAK1-4A is important for the uptake of K+ by roots exposed to LK stress. Our results reveal the protein metabolic changes in wheat induced by LK stress. Furthermore, we identified a candidate gene potentially relevant for developing wheat lines with increased K+ use efficiency.
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17
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Thorne SJ, Maathuis FJM. Reducing potassium deficiency by using sodium fertilisation. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:45. [PMID: 37676370 PMCID: PMC10441835 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is the most abundant cation in the vast majority of plants. It is required in large quantities which, in an agronomic context, typically necessitates application of K in the form of potash or other K fertilisers. Recently, the price of K fertiliser has risen dramatically, a situation that is paralleled by increasing K deficiency of soils around the globe. A potential solution to this problem is to reduce crop K fertiliser dependency by replacing it with sodium (Na) fertiliser which carries a much smaller price tag. In this paper we discuss the physiological roles of K and Na and the implications of Na fertilisation for crop cultivation and soil management. By using greenhouse growth assays we show distinct growth promotion after Na fertilisation in wheat, tomato, oilseed and sorghum. Our results also show that up to 60% of tissue K can be substituted by Na without growth penalty. Based on these data, simple economic models suggest that (part) replacement of K fertiliser with Na fertiliser leads to considerable savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Thorne
- Department of Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
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18
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Fischer S, Flis P, Zhao FJ, Salt DE. Transcriptional network underpinning ploidy-related elevated leaf potassium in neo-tetraploids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1715-1730. [PMID: 35929797 PMCID: PMC9614460 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication generates a tetraploid from a diploid. Newly created tetraploids (neo-tetraploids) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have elevated leaf potassium (K), compared to their diploid progenitor. Micro-grafting has previously established that this elevated leaf K is driven by processes within the root. Here, mutational analysis revealed that the K+-uptake transporters K+ TRANSPORTER 1 (AKT1) and HIGH AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER 5 (HAK5) are not necessary for the difference in leaf K caused by whole-genome duplication. However, the endodermis and salt overly sensitive and abscisic acid-related signaling were necessary for the elevated leaf K in neo-tetraploids. Contrasting the root transcriptomes of neo-tetraploid and diploid wild-type and mutants that suppress the neo-tetraploid elevated leaf K phenotype allowed us to identify a core set of 92 differentially expressed genes associated with the difference in leaf K between neo-tetraploids and their diploid progenitor. This core set of genes connected whole-genome duplication with the difference in leaf K between neo-tetraploids and their diploid progenitors. The set of genes is enriched in functions such as cell wall and Casparian strip development and ion transport in the endodermis, root hairs, and procambium. This gene set provides tools to test the intriguing idea of recreating the physiological effects of whole-genome duplication within a diploid genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Fischer
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Paulina Flis
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Han QQ, Wang YP, Li J, Li J, Yin XC, Jiang XY, Yu M, Wang SM, Shabala S, Zhang JL. The mechanistic basis of sodium exclusion in Puccinellia tenuiflora under conditions of salinity and potassium deprivation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:322-338. [PMID: 35979653 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a significant threat to global agriculture. Understanding salt exclusion mechanisms in halophyte species may be instrumental in improving salt tolerance in crops. Puccinellia tenuiflora is a typical salt-excluding halophytic grass often found in potassium-deprived saline soils. Our previous work showed that P. tenuiflora possesses stronger selectivity for K+ than for Na+ ; however, the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon remained elusive. Here, P. tenuiflora PutHKT1;5 was cloned and the functions of PutHKT1;5 and PutSOS1 were characterized using heterologous expression systems. Yeast assays showed that PutHKT1;5 possessed Na+ transporting capacity and was highly selective for Na+ over K+ . PutSOS1 was located at the plasma membrane and operated as a Na+ /K+ exchanger, with much stronger Na+ extrusion capacity than its homolog from Arabidopsis. PutHKT2;1 mediated high-affinity K+ and Na+ uptake and its expression levels were upregulated by mild salinity and K+ deprivation. Salinity-induced changes of root PutHKT1;5 and PutHKT1;4 transcript levels matched the expression pattern of root PutSOS1, which was consistent with root Na+ efflux. The transcript levels of root PutHKT2;1 and PutAKT1 were downregulated by salinity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the functional activity of PutHKT1;5 and PutSOS1 in P. tenuiflora roots is fine-tuned under saline conditions as well as by operation of other ion transporters/channel (PutHKT1;4, PutHKT2;1, and PutAKT1). This leads to the coordination of radial Na+ and K+ transport processes, their loading to the xylem, or Na+ retrieval and extrusion under conditions of mild salinity and/or K+ deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chang Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yu Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
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20
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Wang F, Tan WF, Song W, Yang ST, Qiao S. Transcriptome analysis of sweet potato responses to potassium deficiency. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:655. [PMID: 36109727 PMCID: PMC9479357 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of three essential nutrients, potassium is regarded as a main limiting factor for growth and development in plant. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of seven major food crops grown worldwide, and is both a nutrient-rich food and a bioenergy crop. It is a typical ‘K-favoring’ crop, and the level of potassium ion (K+) supplementation directly influences its production. However, little is known about the transcriptional changes in sweet potato genes under low-K+ conditions. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of sweet potato roots in response to K+ deficiency to determine the effect of low-K+ stress on this economically important crop. Results The roots of sweet potato seedlings with or without K+ treatment were harvested and used for transcriptome analyses. The results showed 559 differently expressed genes (DEGs) in low and high K+ groups. Among the DEGs, 336 were upregulated and 223 were downregulated. These DEGs were involved in transcriptional regulation, calcium binding, redox-signaling, biosynthesis, transport, and metabolic process. Further analysis revealed previously unknow genes involved in low-K+ stress, which could be investigated further to improve low K+ tolerance in plants. Confirmation of RNA-sequencing results using qRT-PCR displayed a high level of consistency between the two experiments. Analysis showed that many auxin-, ethylene- and jasmonic acid-related genes respond to K+ deficiency, suggesting that these hormones have important roles in K+ nutrient signaling in sweet potato. Conclusions According to the transcriptome data of sweet potato, various DEGs showed transcriptional changes in response to low-K+ stress. However, the expression level of some kinases, transporters, transcription factors (TFs), hormone-related genes, and plant defense-related genes changed significantly, suggesting that they have important roles during K+ deficiency. Thus, this study identifies potential genes for genetic improvement of responses to low-K+ stress and provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating low K+ tolerance in sweet potato. Further research is required to clarify the function of these DEGs under low-K+ stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08870-5.
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21
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Mackinnon E, Stone SL. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Nutrient Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:867419. [PMID: 35665152 PMCID: PMC9161090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.867419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize different molecular mechanisms, including the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) that facilitates changes to the proteome, to mitigate the impact of abiotic stresses on growth and development. The UPS encompasses the ubiquitination of selected substrates followed by the proteasomal degradation of the modified proteins. Ubiquitin ligases, or E3s, are central to the UPS as they govern specificity and facilitate the attachment of one or more ubiquitin molecules to the substrate protein. From recent studies, the UPS has emerged as an important regulator of the uptake and translocation of essential macronutrients and micronutrients. In this review, we discuss select E3s that are involved in regulating nutrient uptake and responses to stress conditions, including limited or excess levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and copper.
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22
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Hafsi C, Collado-Arenal AM, Wang H, Sanz-Fernández M, Sahrawy M, Shabala S, Romero-Puertas MC, Sandalio LM. The role of NADPH oxidases in regulating leaf gas exchange and ion homeostasis in Arabidopsis plants under cadmium stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128217. [PMID: 35077969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase, an enzyme associated with the plasma membrane, constitutes one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which regulate different developmental and adaptive responses in plants. In this work, the involvement of NADPH oxidases in the regulation of photosynthesis and cell ionic homeostasis in response to short cadmium exposure was compared between wild type (WT) and three RBOHs (Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologues) Arabidopsis mutants (AtrbohC, AtrbohD, and AtrbohF). Plants were grown under hydroponic conditions and supplemented with 50 µM CdCl2 for 24 h. Cadmium treatment differentially affected photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and antioxidative responses in WT and Atrbohs mutants. The loss of function of RBOH isoforms resulted in higher Cd2+ influx, mainly in the elongation zone of roots, which was more evident in AtrbohD and AtrbohF mutants. In the mature zone, the highest Cd2+ influx was observed in rbohC mutant. The lack of functional RBOH isoforms also resulted in altered patterns of net K+ transport across cellular membranes, both in the root epidermis and leaf mesophyll. The analysis of expression of metal transporters by qPCR demonstrated that a loss of functional RBOH isoforms has altered transcript levels for metal NRAMP3, NRAMP6 and IRT1 and the K+ transporters outward-rectifying K+ efflux GORK channel, while RBOHD specifically regulated transcripts for high-affinity K+ transporters KUP8 and HAK5, and IRT1 and RBOHD and F regulated the transcription factors TGA3 and TGA10. It is concluded that RBOH-dependent H2O2 regulation of ion homeostasis and Cd is a highly complex process involving multilevel regulation from transpirational water flow to transcriptional and posttranslational modifications of K/metals transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Hafsi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901 - 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja (ISBB), University of Jendouba, Habib Bourguiba avenue P. O. Box 382 - 9000, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Aurelio M Collado-Arenal
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - María Sanz-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Mariam Sahrawy
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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23
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Wang ZF, Mi TW, Gao YQ, Feng HQ, Wu WH, Wang Y. STOP1 Regulates LKS1 Transcription and Coordinates K+/NH4+ Balance in Arabidopsis Response to Low-K+ Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010383. [PMID: 35008809 PMCID: PMC8745191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium and nitrogen are essential mineral elements for plant growth and development. The protein kinase LKS1/CIPK23 is involved in both K+ and NH4+ uptake in Arabidopsis root. The transcripts of LKS1 can be induced by low K+ (0.1 mM) and high NH4+ (30 mM); however, the molecular mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we isolated the transcription factor STOP1 that positively regulates LKS1 transcription in Arabidopsis responses to both low-K+ and high-NH4+ stresses. STOP1 proteins can directly bind to the LKS1 promoter, promoting its transcription. The stop1 mutants displayed a leaf chlorosis phenotype similar to lks1 mutant when grown on low-K+ and high-NH4+ medium. On the other hand, STOP1 overexpressing plants exhibited a similar tolerant phenotype to LKS1 overexpressing plants. The transcript level of STOP1 was only upregulated by low K+ rather than high NH4+; however, the accumulation of STOP1 protein in the nucleus was required for the upregulation of LKS1 transcripts in both low-K+ and high-NH4+ responses. Our data demonstrate that STOP1 positively regulates LKS1 transcription under low-K+ and high-NH4+ conditions; therefore, LKS1 promotes K+ uptake and inhibits NH4+ uptake. The STOP1/LKS1 pathway plays crucial roles in K+ and NH4+ homeostasis, which coordinates potassium and nitrogen balance in plants in response to external fluctuating nutrient levels.
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24
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Conchillo LB, Haro R, Benito B. K+ Nutrition Exchange in the Serendipita-Arabidopsis Symbiosis: Study of the Fungal K+ Transporters Involved. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.789371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the root-colonizing endosymbiotic fungus Serendipita indica improves plant growth. The beneficial effects have been observed when plants are growing in optimal conditions or under nutritionally deficient soils (e.g., phosphate poor soil) or exposed to stressful environmental conditions such as drought or salinity. However, until now its role in the nutrition of other plant essential macronutrient, such as K+, has not been fully clarified. Here, we study the role of the fungus in the K+ nutrition of Arabidopsis thaliana plants, during growth under K+ limiting conditions. As a first step, we studied the high-affinity K+ uptake of the plant and fungus when growing separately and in symbiosis. In the search for putative fungal actors involved in K+ nutrition, we also have cloned and functionally characterized the K+ transporters of S. indica SiHAK1, SiTRK1, SiTRK2, and SiTOK1, among which it has been shown that SiHAK1 is the main transporter involved in the K+ uptake in the high affinity range of concentrations. In addition, a gene expression study of these transporters and other candidates that could participate in the K+ homeostasis of the fungus has been carried out. The results indicated that, contrary to what happens with P nutrition, S. indica seems not to improve neither the growth nor the plant K+ reserves during K+ starvation. Instead, this nutritionally restrictive condition favored fungal colonization, suggesting that the fungus obtains the greatest benefit in K+ supply during symbiosis.
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25
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Zhou JY, Hao DL, Yang GZ. Regulation of Cytosolic pH: The Contributions of Plant Plasma Membrane H +-ATPases and Multiple Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12998. [PMID: 34884802 PMCID: PMC8657649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic pH homeostasis is a precondition for the normal growth and stress responses in plants, and H+ flux across the plasma membrane is essential for cytoplasmic pH control. Hence, this review focuses on seven types of proteins that possess direct H+ transport activity, namely, H+-ATPase, NHX, CHX, AMT, NRT, PHT, and KT/HAK/KUP, to summarize their plasma-membrane-located family members, the effect of corresponding gene knockout and/or overexpression on cytosolic pH, the H+ transport pathway, and their functional regulation by the extracellular/cytosolic pH. In general, H+-ATPases mediate H+ extrusion, whereas most members of other six proteins mediate H+ influx, thus contributing to cytosolic pH homeostasis by directly modulating H+ flux across the plasma membrane. The fact that some AMTs/NRTs mediate H+-coupled substrate influx, whereas other intra-family members facilitate H+-uncoupled substrate transport, demonstrates that not all plasma membrane transporters possess H+-coupled substrate transport mechanisms, and using the transport mechanism of a protein to represent the case of the entire family is not suitable. The transport activity of these proteins is regulated by extracellular and/or cytosolic pH, with different structural bases for H+ transfer among these seven types of proteins. Notably, intra-family members possess distinct pH regulatory characterization and underlying residues for H+ transfer. This review is anticipated to facilitate the understanding of the molecular basis for cytosolic pH homeostasis. Despite this progress, the strategy of their cooperation for cytosolic pH homeostasis needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China;
| | - Dong-Li Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guang-Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
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26
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Genies L, Martin L, Kanno S, Chiarenza S, Carasco L, Camilleri V, Vavasseur A, Henner P, Leonhardt N. Disruption of AtHAK/KT/KUP9 enhances plant cesium accumulation under low potassium supply. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1230-1243. [PMID: 34342899 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie cesium (Cs+ ) transport in plants is important to limit the entry of its radioisotopes from contaminated areas into the food chain. The potentially toxic element Cs+ , which is not involved in any biological process, is chemically closed to the macronutrient potassium (K+ ). Among the multiple K+ carriers, the high-affinity K+ transporters family HAK/KT/KUP is thought to be relevant in mediating opportunistic Cs+ transport. Of the 13 KUP identified in A. thaliana, only HAK5, the major contributor to root K+ acquisition under low K+ supply, has been functionally demonstrated to be involved in Cs+ uptake in planta. In the present study, we showed that accumulation of Cs+ increased by up to 30% in two A. thaliana mutant lines lacking KUP9 and grown under low K+ supply. Since further experiments revealed that Cs+ release from contaminated plants to the external medium is proportionally lower in the two kup9 mutant alleles, we proposed that KUP9 disruption could impair Cs+ efflux. By contrast, K+ status in kup9 mutants is not affected, suggesting that KUP9 disruption does not alter substantially K+ transport in experimental conditions used. The putative primary role of KUP9 in plants is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Genies
- Aix Marseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratory of Signaling for the Adaptation to their Environment (SAVE), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratory of Research on Radionuclides Transfer Within Terrestrial Ecosystems (LR2T), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Cadarache, France
| | - Ludovic Martin
- Aix Marseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratory of Signaling for the Adaptation to their Environment (SAVE), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Satomi Kanno
- Aix Marseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratory of Signaling for the Adaptation to their Environment (SAVE), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Serge Chiarenza
- Aix Marseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratory of Signaling for the Adaptation to their Environment (SAVE), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Loïc Carasco
- Laboratory of Research on Radionuclides Transfer Within Terrestrial Ecosystems (LR2T), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Cadarache, France
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- Laboratory for Radionuclide Ecotoxicology (LECO), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Cadarache, France
| | - Alain Vavasseur
- Aix Marseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratory of Signaling for the Adaptation to their Environment (SAVE), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pascale Henner
- Laboratory of Research on Radionuclides Transfer Within Terrestrial Ecosystems (LR2T), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Cadarache, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Aix Marseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratory of Signaling for the Adaptation to their Environment (SAVE), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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27
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Verma P, Sanyal SK, Pandey GK. Ca 2+-CBL-CIPK: a modulator system for efficient nutrient acquisition. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2111-2122. [PMID: 34415375 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal second messenger essential for the growth and development of plants in normal and stress situations. In plants, the proteins, CBL (calcineurin B-like) and CIPK (CBL-interacting protein kinase), form one of the important Ca2+ decoding complexes to decipher Ca2+ signals elicited by environmental challenges. Multiple interactors distinguish CBL and CIPK protein family members to form a signaling network for regulated perception and transduction of environmental signals, e.g., signals generated under nutrient stress conditions. Conservation of equilibrium in response to varying soil nutrient status is an important aspect for plant vigor and yield. Signaling processes have been reported to observe nutrient fluctuations as a signal responsible for regulated nutrient transport adaptation. Recent studies have identified downstream targets of CBL-CIPK modules as ion channels or transporters and their association in signaling nutrient disposal including potassium, nitrate, ammonium, magnesium, zinc, boron, and iron. Ca2+-CBL-CIPK pathway modulates ion transporters/channels and hence maintains a homeostasis of several important plant nutrients in the cytosol and sub-cellular compartments. In this article, we summarize recent literature to discuss the role of the Ca2+-CBL-CIPK pathway in cellular osmoregulation and homeostasis on exposure to nutrient excess or deprived soils. This further establishes a link between taking up the nutrient in the roots and its distribution and homeostasis during the generation of signal for the development and survival of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Verma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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28
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Cesium tolerance is enhanced by a chemical which binds to BETA-GLUCOSIDASE 23 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21109. [PMID: 34702872 PMCID: PMC8548588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cesium (Cs) is found at low levels in nature but does not confer any known benefit to plants. Cs and K compete in cells due to the chemical similarity of Cs to potassium (K), and can induce K deficiency in cells. In previous studies, we identified chemicals that increase Cs tolerance in plants. Among them, a small chemical compound (C17H19F3N2O2), named CsToAcE1, was confirmed to enhance Cs tolerance while increasing Cs accumulation in plants. Treatment of plants with CsToAcE1 resulted in greater Cs and K accumulation and also alleviated Cs-induced growth retardation in Arabidopsis. In the present study, potential target proteins of CsToAcE1 were isolated from Arabidopsis to determine the mechanism by which CsToAcE1 alleviates Cs stress, while enhancing Cs accumulation. Our analysis identified one of the interacting target proteins of CsToAcE1 to be BETA-GLUCOSIDASE 23 (AtβGLU23). Interestingly, Arabidopsis atβglu23 mutants exhibited enhanced tolerance to Cs stress but did not respond to the application of CsToAcE1. Notably, application of CsToAcE1 resulted in a reduction of Cs-induced AtβGLU23 expression in wild-type plants, while this was not observed in a high affinity transporter mutant, athak5. Our data indicate that AtβGLU23 regulates plant response to Cs stress and that CsToAcE1 enhances Cs tolerance by repressing AtβGLU23. In addition, AtHAK5 also appears to be involved in this response.
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Feng CZ, Luo YX, Wang PD, Gilliham M, Long Y. MYB77 regulates high-affinity potassium uptake by promoting expression of HAK5. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:176-189. [PMID: 34192362 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the high-affinity K+ transporter HAK5 is the major pathway for root K+ uptake when below 100 µM; HAK5 responds to Low-K+ (LK) stress by strongly and rapidly increasing its expression during K+ -deficiency. Therefore, positive regulators of HAK5 expression have the potential to improve K+ uptake under LK. Here, we show that mutants of the transcription factor MYB77 share a LK-induced leaf chlorosis phenotype, lower K+ content, and lower Rb+ uptake of the hak5 mutant, but not the shorter root growth, and that overexpression of MYB77 enhanced K+ uptake and improved tolerance to LK stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MYB77 positively regulates the expression of HAK5, by binding to the HAK5 promoter and enhances high-affinity K+ uptake of roots. As such, our results reveal a novel pathway for enhancing HAK5 expression under LK stress, and provides a candidate for increasing the tolerance of plants to LK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Zhu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yun-Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Peng-Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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Kinoshita N, Irving LJ, Lustig B, Furukawa J. Effects of nitrogen on caesium allocation in rice plants (Oryza sativa). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:874-877. [PMID: 33915009 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
After the nuclear accident in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, in 2011, 137 Caesium (Cs) contaminated nearby agricultural regions. Studies in these rice fields found that low K and high N fertilizer application enhanced Cs uptake in rice shoots. However, the influence of root and soil physics on these findings, as well as precise nutrient levels, remain to be clarified. We sought to analyse these relationships utilizing hydroponically grown rice plants. The rice plants were subjected to various concentrations of K and N nutrient solutions. We measured Cs allocation within the plants and performed transcript analyses using root tissues. Under low-K conditions, low-N plants accumulated less Cs in shoots and more in roots when compared to control-N conditions, even though overall Cs uptake remained unchanged. Expression analyses of root mRNAs showed that low-N plants accumulated reduced levels of OsAKT1 mRNA, encoding a K transporter. We also found a negative relationship between shoot Cs and K status in control-N but not in low-N conditions. Our results suggest that the application of N shifts Cs from roots into the shoots and that OsAKT1 in root vascular tissues influences Cs allocation. In practice, fine tuning N/K application and targeted breeding of K transporters might mitigate Cs contamination in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kinoshita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - L J Irving
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - B Lustig
- Cormorant Group K.K., Minato, Japan
| | - J Furukawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Britto DT, Coskun D, Kronzucker HJ. Potassium physiology from Archean to Holocene: A higher-plant perspective. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 262:153432. [PMID: 34034042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss biological potassium acquisition and utilization processes over an evolutionary timescale, with emphasis on modern vascular plants. The quintessential osmotic and electrical functions of the K+ ion are shown to be intimately tied to K+-transport systems and membrane energization. Several prominent themes in plant K+-transport physiology are explored in greater detail, including: (1) channel mediated K+ acquisition by roots at low external [K+]; (2) K+ loading of root xylem elements by active transport; (3) variations on the theme of K+ efflux from root cells to the extracellular environment; (4) the veracity and utility of the "affinity" concept in relation to transport systems. We close with a discussion of the importance of plant-potassium relations to our human world, and current trends in potassium nutrition from farm to table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev T Britto
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Lhamo D, Luan S. Potential Networks of Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium Channels and Transporters in Arabidopsis Roots at a Single Cell Resolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:689545. [PMID: 34220911 PMCID: PMC8242960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.689545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are three major macronutrients essential for plant life. These nutrients are acquired and transported by several large families of transporters expressed in plant roots. However, it remains largely unknown how these transporters are distributed in different cell-types that work together to transfer the nutrients from the soil to different layers of root cells and eventually reach vasculature for massive flow. Using the single cell transcriptomics data from Arabidopsis roots, we profiled the transcriptional patterns of putative nutrient transporters in different root cell-types. Such analyses identified a number of uncharacterized NPK transporters expressed in the root epidermis to mediate NPK uptake and distribution to the adjacent cells. Some transport genes showed cortex- and endodermis-specific expression to direct the nutrient flow toward the vasculature. For long-distance transport, a variety of transporters were shown to express and potentially function in the xylem and phloem. In the context of subcellular distribution of mineral nutrients, the NPK transporters at subcellular compartments were often found to show ubiquitous expression patterns, which suggests function in house-keeping processes. Overall, these single cell transcriptomic analyses provide working models of nutrient transport from the epidermis across the cortex to the vasculature, which can be further tested experimentally in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhondup Lhamo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Ródenas R, Ragel P, Nieves-Cordones M, Martínez-Martínez A, Amo J, Lara A, Martínez V, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM, Rubio F. Insights into the mechanisms of transport and regulation of the arabidopsis high-affinity K+ transporter HAK51. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1860-1874. [PMID: 33595056 PMCID: PMC8133630 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The high-affinity K+ transporter HAK5 from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is essential for K+ acquisition and plant growth at low micromolar K+ concentrations. Despite its functional relevance in plant nutrition, information about functional domains of HAK5 is scarce. Its activity is enhanced by phosphorylation via the AtCIPK23/AtCBL1-9 complex. Based on the recently published three-dimensionalstructure of the bacterial ortholog KimA from Bacillus subtilis, we have modeled AtHAK5 and, by a mutational approach, identified residues G67, Y70, G71, D72, D201, and E312 as essential for transporter function. According to the structural model, residues D72, D201, and E312 may bind K+, whereas residues G67, Y70, and G71 may shape the selective filter for K+, which resembles that of K+shaker-like channels. In addition, we show that phosphorylation of residue S35 by AtCIPK23 is required for reaching maximal transport activity. Serial deletions of the AtHAK5 C-terminus disclosed the presence of an autoinhibitory domain located between residues 571 and 633 together with an AtCIPK23-dependent activation domain downstream of position 633. Presumably, autoinhibition of AtHAK5 is counteracted by phosphorylation of S35 by AtCIPK23. Our results provide a molecular model for K+ transport and describe CIPK-CBL-mediated regulation of plant HAK transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Ródenas
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Present address: Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Paula Ragel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cic-Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Present address: Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Department of Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Almudena Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lara
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cic-Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cic-Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Author for communication:
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Wang X, Zhao J, Fang Q, Chang X, Sun M, Li W, Li Y. GmAKT1 is involved in K + uptake and Na +/K + homeostasis in Arabidopsis and soybean plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110736. [PMID: 33568288 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots absorb K+ from soil via K+ channels and transporters, which are important for stress responses. In this research, GmAKT1, an AKT1-type K+ channel, was isolated and characterized. The expression of GmAKT1 was induced by K+-starvation and salinity stresses, and it was preferentially expressed in the soybean roots. And GmAKT1 was located in the plasma membrane. As an inward K+ channel, GmAKT1 participated in K+ uptake, as well as rescued the low-K+-sensitive phenotype of the yeast mutant and Arabidopsis akt1 mutant. Overexpression of GmAKT1 significantly improved the growth of plants and increased K+ concentration, leading to lower Na+/K+ ratios in transgenic Arabidopsis and chimeric soybean plants with transgenic hairy roots. In addition, GmAKT1 overexpression resulted in significant upregulation of these ion uptake-related genes, including GmSKOR, GmsSOS1, GmHKT1, and GmNHX1. Our findings suggested that GmAKT1 plays an important part in K+ uptake under low-K+ condition, and could maintain Na+/K+ homeostasis under salt stress in Arabidopsis and soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingwei Fang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingchao Chang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yongguang Li
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Kim JH, Jang CS. E3 ligase, the Oryza sativa salt-induced RING finger protein 4 (OsSIRP4), negatively regulates salt stress responses via degradation of the OsPEX11-1 protein. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:231-245. [PMID: 33079323 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OsSIRP4 is an E3 ligase that acts as a negative regulator in the plant response to salt stress via the 26S proteasomal system regulation of substrate proteins, OsPEX11-1, which it provides important information for adaptation and regulation in rice. Plants are sessile organisms that can be exposed to environmental stress. Plants alter their cellular processes to survive under potentially unfavorable conditions. Protein ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification that has a crucial role in various cellular signaling processes in abiotic stress response. In this study, we characterized Oryza sativa salt-induced RING finger protein 4, OsSIRP4, a membrane and cytosol-localized RING E3 ligase in rice. OsSIRP4 transcripts were highly induced under salt stress in rice. We found that OsSIRP4 possesses E3 ligase activity; however, no E3 ligase activity was observed with a single amino acid substitution (OsSIRP4C269A). The results of the yeast two hybrid system, in vitro pull-down assay, BiFC analysis, in vitro ubiquitination assay, and in vitro degradation assay indicate that OsSIRP4 regulates degradation of a substrate protein, OsPEX11-1 (Oryza sativa peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11-1) via the 26S proteasomal system. Phenotypic analysis of OsSIRP4-overexpressing plants demonstrated hypersensitivity to salt response compared to that of the wild type and mutated OsSIRP4C269A plants. In addition, OsSIRP4-overexpressing plants exhibited significant low enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, and accumulation of proline and soluble sugar, but a high level of H2O2. Furthermore, qRT data on transgenic plants suggest that OsSIRP4 acted as a negative regulator of salt response by diminishing the expression of genes related to Na+/K+ homeostasis (AtSOS1, AtAKT1, AtNHX1, and AtHKT1;1) in transgenic plants under salt stress. These results suggest that OsSIRP4 plays a negative regulatory role in response to salt stress by modulating the target protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-Resources Sciences, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-713, South Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Jang
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-Resources Sciences, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-713, South Korea.
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Hughes AM, Zwack PJ, Cobine PA, Rashotte AM. Cytokinin-regulated targets of Cytokinin Response Factor 6 are involved in potassium transport. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00291. [PMID: 36406052 PMCID: PMC9671079 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) is a plant hormone crucial to plant development and growth. Cytokinin Response Factor 6 (CRF6) is a CK-induced transcription factor that is part of the CK signaling cascade. While the role of CRF6 has been examined in oxidative stress response, there has been surprisingly little investigation of CRF6 in the context of CK signaling, including identifying CK-regulated targets of CRF6. Here, we conduct a transcriptomic study of Arabidopsis examining the CRF6 mutant (crf6) in the presence and absence of CK, revealing 163 downstream CRF6-dependent CK-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). 15.3% of these DEGS were found as overlapping with larger number of standardly identified CK-regulated DEGs, suggesting that CRF6 is involved in regulating a subset of downstream CK responses through these gene targets. The general transcriptional regulation of CRF6-dependent CK-regulated DEGs indicates that CRF6 may function as a negative regulator of CK response. We investigated one subset of CRF6 CK-dependent targets (SKOR, HAK5, and NRT1. 5) involved in an underexamined functional role of CK response: the uptake and transportation of potassium. To determine how CK and CRF6 are involved in potassium acquisition and distribution, ionomic and physiological experiments were conducted on plants grown in media with sufficient and deficient potassium concentrations and in the presence and absence of CK. In order to investigate how CK alone affects potassium transport, similar experiments were performed on skor, hak5, and nrt1.5 mutant lines of these CRF6-dependent CK-regulated targets. These findings indicate novel connections between CK and potassium transport, which appear to be regulated in a CRF6-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel M. Hughes
- Department of Biological SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
| | - Paul J. Zwack
- Department of Biological SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
| | - Paul A. Cobine
- Department of Biological SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
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Yang H, Li Y, Jin Y, Kan L, Shen C, Malladi A, Nambeesan S, Xu Y, Dong C. Transcriptome Analysis of Pyrus betulaefolia Seedling Root Responses to Short-Term Potassium Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8857. [PMID: 33238495 PMCID: PMC7700257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K) plays a crucial role in multiple physiological and developmental processes in plants. Its deficiency is a common abiotic stress that inhibits plant growth and reduces crop productivity. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant responses to low K could help to improve the efficiency of K use in plants. However, such responses remain poorly characterized in fruit tree species such as pears (Pyrus sp). We analyzed the physiological and transcriptome responses of a commonly used pear rootstock, Pyrus betulaefolia, to K-deficiency stress (0 mM). Potassium deprivation resulted in apparent changes in root morphology, with short-term low-K stress resulting in rapidly enhanced root growth. Transcriptome analyses indicated that the root transcriptome was coordinately altered within 6 h after K deprivation, a process that continued until 15 d after treatment. Potassium deprivation resulted in the enhanced expression (up to 5-fold) of a putative high-affinity K+ transporter, PbHAK5 (Pbr037826.1), suggesting the up-regulation of mechanisms associated with K+ acquisition. The enhanced root growth in response to K-deficiency stress was associated with a rapid and sustained decrease in the expression of a transcription factor, PbMYB44 (Pbr015309.1), potentially involved in mediating auxin responses, and the increased expression of multiple genes associated with regulating root growth. The concentrations of several phytohormones including indoleacetic acid (IAA), ABA, ETH, gibberellin (GA3), and jasmonic acid (JA) were higher in response to K deprivation. Furthermore, genes coding for enzymes associated with carbon metabolism such as SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE (SDH) and SUCROSE SYNTHASE (SUS) displayed greatly enhanced expression in the roots under K deprivation, presumably indicating enhanced metabolism to meet the increased energy demands for growth and K+ acquisition. Together, these data suggest that K deprivation in P. betulaefolia results in the rapid re-programming of the transcriptome to enhance root growth and K+ acquisition. These data provide key insights into the molecular basis for understanding low-K-tolerance mechanisms in pears and in other related fruit trees and identifying potential candidates that warrant further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Y.); (Y.J.); (L.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432100, China;
| | - Yumeng Jin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Y.); (Y.J.); (L.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Liping Kan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Y.); (Y.J.); (L.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Changwei Shen
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China;
| | - Anish Malladi
- Department of Horticulture, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Savithri Nambeesan
- Department of Horticulture, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Yangchun Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Y.); (Y.J.); (L.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Caixia Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Y.); (Y.J.); (L.K.); (Y.X.)
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Šustr M, Doksanská T, Doležalová B, Soukup A, Tylová E. 134Cs Uptake and Growth at Various Cs + and K + Levels in Arabidopsis AtKUP7 Mutants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1525. [PMID: 33182498 PMCID: PMC7696183 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiocaesium is a pollutant with a high risk for the environment, agricultural production, and human health. It is mobile in ecosystems and can be taken up by plants via potassium transporters. In this study, we focused on the role of potassium transporter AtKUP7 of the KT/HAK/KUP family in Cs+ and K+ uptake by plants and in plant tolerance to caesium toxicity. We detected that Arabidopsiskup7 mutant accumulates significantly lower amounts of 134Cs in the root (86%) and in the shoot (69%) compared to the wild-type. On the other hand ability of the mutant to grow on media with toxic (100 and 200 µM) concentrations of Cs+ was not changed; moreover its growth was not impaired on low K+. We further investigated another mutant line in AtKUP7 and found that the growth phenotype of the kup7 mutants in K+ deficient conditions is much milder than previously published. Also, their accumulation of K+ in shoots is hindered only by severe potassium shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Šustr
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (B.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Tereza Doksanská
- National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 140 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Barbora Doležalová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (B.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Aleš Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (B.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Edita Tylová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (B.D.); (A.S.)
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Whitt L, Ricachenevsky FK, Ziegler GZ, Clemens S, Walker E, Maathuis FJM, Kear P, Baxter I. A curated list of genes that affect the plant ionome. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00272. [PMID: 33103043 PMCID: PMC7576880 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying plants' adaptation to their environment will require knowledge of the genes and alleles underlying elemental composition. Modern genetics is capable of quickly, and cheaply indicating which regions of DNA are associated with particular phenotypes in question, but most genes remain poorly annotated, hindering the identification of candidate genes. To help identify candidate genes underlying elemental accumulations, we have created the known ionome gene (KIG) list: a curated collection of genes experimentally shown to change uptake, accumulation, and distribution of elements. We have also created an automated computational pipeline to generate lists of KIG orthologs in other plant species using the PhytoMine database. The current version of KIG consists of 176 known genes covering 5 species, 23 elements, and their 1588 orthologs in 10 species. Analysis of the known genes demonstrated that most were identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and that transporter coding genes and genes altering the accumulation of iron and zinc are overrepresented in the current list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Whitt
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Departamento de Botânica Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Celular e MolecularUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSaint LouisMOUSA
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Rajagopal D, Mathew MK. Role of Arabidopsis RAB5 GEF vps9a in maintaining potassium levels under sodium chloride stress. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00273. [PMID: 33103044 PMCID: PMC7576885 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major factors impacting crop productivity worldwide. Through a variety of effector and signaling pathways, plants achieve survival under salinity stress by maintaining high cytosolic potassium/sodium ion (K+/Na+) ratios, preventing Na+ cytotoxicity, and retaining osmotic balance. Ras-related protein 5 (Rab5) members are involved in the trafficking of endosomes to the vacuole or plasma membrane (PM). The vacuolar protein sorting- associated protein 9 (vps9a) encodes the single guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates all three known Rab5 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous work from our group has reported the critical function of vps9a for the operation of salt-induced endocytic pathway, as well as the expansion of endomembrane compartments under saline stress conditions. Here we show an additional role of vps9a in plant response to salt stress via maintenance of K+ status of the cell rather than Na+ homeostasis. Our results show that roots from vps9a-2 mutant, subjected to 100 mM NaCl, display alterations in transcript levels of genes involved in the K+ homeostasis pathway. Concurrent with the observed sensitivity of vps9a-2 mutant under NaCl stress, exposure to low K+ environments resulted in growth retardation, and reduced rate of endocytosis. Furthermore, vps9a-2 mutant displays reduced expression of auxin reporter, Direct Repeat-5 (DR5), and alterations in polarity and abundance of auxin efflux carrier PIN- FORMED2 (PIN2). Imposition of NaCl stress was found to be restrictive to the elongation capacity of cells in the root elongation zone of vps9a-2 mutant. Together our results indicate that alterations in K+ homeostasis and associated cellular changes causing increased cell wall pH, contribute to diminished root growth and compromised survival of vps9a-2 mutant under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rajagopal
- National Centre for Biological SciencesTIFRBangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | - M. K. Mathew
- National Centre for Biological SciencesTIFRBangaloreKarnatakaIndia
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Lara A, Ródenas R, Andrés Z, Martínez V, Quintero FJ, Nieves-Cordones M, Botella MA, Rubio F. Arabidopsis K+ transporter HAK5-mediated high-affinity root K+ uptake is regulated by protein kinases CIPK1 and CIPK9. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5053-5060. [PMID: 32484219 PMCID: PMC7410179 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The high-affinity K+ transporter HAK5 is the major contributor to root K+ uptake from dilute solutions in K+-starved Arabidopsis plants. Its functionality is tightly regulated and its activity is enhanced under K+ starvation by the transcriptional induction of the AtHAK5 gene, and by the activation of the transporter via the AtCBL1-AtCIPK23 complex. In the present study, the 26 members of the Arabidopsis CIPK protein kinase family were screened in yeast for their capacity to activate HAK5-mediated K+ uptake. Among them, AtCIPK1 was the most efficient activator of AtHAK5. In addition, AtCIPK9, previously reported to participate in K+ homeostasis, also activated the transporter. In roots, the genes encoding AtCIPK1 and AtCIPK9 were induced by K+ deprivation and atcipk1 and atcipk9 Arabidopsis KO mutants showed a reduced AtHAK5-mediated Rb+ uptake. Activation of AtHAK5 by AtCIPK1 did not occur under hyperosmotic stress conditions, where AtCIPK1 function has been shown to be required to maintain plant growth. Taken together, our data contribute to the identification of the complex regulatory networks that control the high-affinity K+ transporter AtHAK5 and root K+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lara
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Reyes Ródenas
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Zaida Andrés
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Angeles Botella
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Zhang H, Xiao W, Yu W, Jiang Y, Li R. Halophytic Hordeum brevisubulatum HbHAK1 Facilitates Potassium Retention and Contributes to Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155292. [PMID: 32722526 PMCID: PMC7432250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium retention under saline conditions has emerged as an important determinant for salt tolerance in plants. Halophytic Hordeum brevisubulatum evolves better strategies to retain K+ to improve high-salt tolerance. Hence, uncovering K+-efficient uptake under salt stress is vital for understanding K+ homeostasis. HAK/KUP/KT transporters play important roles in promoting K+ uptake during multiple stresses. Here, we obtained nine salt-induced HAK/KUP/KT members in H. brevisubulatum with different expression patterns compared with H. vulgare through transcriptomic analysis. One member HbHAK1 showed high-affinity K+ transporter activity in athak5 to cope with low-K+ or salt stresses. The expression of HbHAK1 in yeast Cy162 strains exhibited strong activities in K+ uptake under extremely low external K+ conditions and reducing Na+ toxicity to maintain the survival of yeast cells under high-salt-stress. Comparing with the sequence of barley HvHAK1, we found that C170 and R342 in a conserved domain played pivotal roles in K+ selectivity under extremely low-K+ conditions (10 μM) and that A13 was responsible for the salt tolerance. Our findings revealed the mechanism of HbHAK1 for K+ accumulation and the significant natural adaptive sites for HAK1 activity, highlighting the potential value for crops to promote K+-uptake under stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (W.X.); (W.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Wen Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (W.X.); (W.Y.); (Y.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (W.X.); (W.Y.); (Y.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (W.X.); (W.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Ruifen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (W.X.); (W.Y.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-51503257
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Nieves-Cordones M, Lara A, Silva M, Amo J, Rodriguez-Sepulveda P, Rivero RM, Martínez V, Botella MA, Rubio F. Root high-affinity K + and Cs + uptake and plant fertility in tomato plants are dependent on the activity of the high-affinity K + transporter SlHAK5. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1707-1721. [PMID: 32275780 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Root K+ acquisition is a key process for plant growth and development, extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Because important differences may exist among species, translational research supported by specific studies is needed in crops such as tomato. Here we present a reverse genetics study to demonstrate the role of the SlHAK5 K+ transporter in tomato K+ nutrition, Cs+ accumulation and its fertility. slhak5 KO lines, generated by CRISPR-Cas edition, were characterized in growth experiments, Rb+ and Cs+ uptake tests and root cells K+ -induced plasma membrane depolarizations. Pollen viability and its K+ accumulation capacity were estimated by using the K+ -sensitive dye Ion Potassium Green 4. SlHAK5 is the major system for high-affinity root K+ uptake required for plant growth at low K+ , even in the presence of salinity. It also constitutes a pathway for Cs+ entry in tomato plants with a strong impact on fruit Cs+ accumulation. SlHAK5 also contributes to pollen K+ uptake and viability and its absence produces almost seedless fruits. Knowledge gained into SlHAK5 can serve as a model for other crops with fleshy fruits and it can help to generate tools to develop low Cs+ or seedless fruits crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lara
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Martha Silva
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Rosa M Rivero
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Angeles Botella
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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Zhao C, Jiang W, Zayed O, Liu X, Tang K, Nie W, Li Y, Xie S, Li Y, Long T, Liu L, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Zhu JK. The LRXs-RALFs-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by modulating multiple plant hormones. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa149. [PMID: 34691553 PMCID: PMC8288382 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. We recently discovered an important new salt tolerance pathway, where the cell wall leucine-rich repeat extensins LRX3/4/5, the RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides RALF22/23 and receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) function as a module to simultaneously regulate plant growth and salt stress tolerance. However, the intracellular signaling pathways that are regulated by the extracellular LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module to coordinate growth, cell wall integrity and salt stress responses are still unknown. Here, we report that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module negatively regulates the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Blocking JA pathway rescues the dwarf phenotype of the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, while disruption of ABA biosynthesis suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Many salt stress-responsive genes display abnormal expression patterns in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, as well as in the wild type plants treated with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an inhibitor of pectin methylesterases, suggesting cell wall integrity as a critical factor that determines the expression pattern of stress-responsive genes. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is constitutively increased in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, and inhibition of ROS accumulation suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Together, our work provides strong evidence that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by regulating hormonal homeostasis and ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Omar Zayed
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenfeng Nie
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yali Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaojun Xie
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tiandan Long
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Linlin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Key laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Rai H, Kawabata M. The Dynamics of Radio-Cesium in Soils and Mechanism of Cesium Uptake Into Higher Plants: Newly Elucidated Mechanism of Cesium Uptake Into Rice Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:528. [PMID: 32477382 PMCID: PMC7237719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil radio-cesium (Cs) contamination caused by nuclear accidents is a major public concern. In this review, we presented the behavior of radio-Cs in soils, the relationship between Cs+ and potassium (K) ion uptake from soils, and the Cs+ uptake model proposed previously. Finally, we introduced the newly elucidated mechanism of Cs+ uptake in rice plants and compared it with the previously proposed Cs+ uptake model. Cs is a trace element in soil. It is toxic to plants when absorbed at high concentrations, although this rarely occurs under normal environmental conditions. Nevertheless, radio-Cs released during nuclear weapon tests or nuclear power plant accidents is absorbed by plants, thus entering the food chain. As Cs+ strongly binds to the frayed edge sites of illitic clays in soil, it is hardly moved by the infiltration of rainwater. However, plants have a strong ability for inorganic ions uptake, causing re-diffusion of radio-Cs+ into ecosystems and radioactive contamination of food. It is hypothesized that Cs+ is absorbed by plants through the same mechanism implemented in K+ uptake. However, the dynamics of the two elements do not always coincide in their transition from soil to plants and inside the plants. A previously proposed model of Cs uptake by higher plants stated that Cs+ is absorbed through high affinity potassium (HAK) family of transporters and voltage-insensitive cation (VIC) channels. A knockout line of a HAK transporter gene (oshak1) in rice revealed that the HAK transporter OsHAK1 is the main route of Cs+ influx into rice plants, especially in low-potassium conditions. The K+ uptake rates did not differ greatly between the oshak1 and wildtype. On the surface of rice roots, potassium-transport systems other than OsHAK1 make little or no contribution to Cs+ uptake. It is almost certain that OsAKT1 does not mediate the Cs uptake. Under normal soil conditions, 80-90% of Cs uptake into the roots is mediated by OsHAK1 and the rest by VIC channels. Except for the difference between the contribution ratio of HAK and VIC channels in Cs uptake, these results are consistent with the conventional model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Rai
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
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Oliferuk S, Simontacchi M, Rubio F, Santa-María GE. Exposure to a natural nitric oxide donor negatively affects the potential influx of rubidium in potassium-starved Arabidopsis plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 150:204-208. [PMID: 32155448 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and potassium (K+) exert a profound influence on the acclimation of plants to multiple stress conditions. A recent report indicated that exogenous addition of an NO donor causes, under conditions of adequate K+ supply, a detrimental effect on K+ status. It remains unknown whether an exogenous NO source could negatively affect the potential capture of this element when plants are faced with a K+ shortage. In this work we offer evidence that, under conditions of K+-deprivation, the addition of the naturally occurring NO donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), diminishes the potential inward transport of the K+-analogue rubidium (Rb+) from diluted Rb+ concentrations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Studies with the akt1-2 mutant, lacking the AKT1 inward-rectifier K+-channel involved in K+-uptake, unveiled that the effect of GSNO on Rb+-influx involves a non-AKT1 component. In addition, exposure to the NO-donor led to down-regulation of transcripts coding for the AtHAK5 K+-transporter, a major component of the K+-transport machinery in K+-deprived plants. Moreover, studies with the hak5 mutant showed that GSNO could either stimulate Rb+-uptake or does not lead to a significant effect on Rb+-uptake relative to -K+ and to -K+ in the presence of decayed GSNO, respectively, thus indicating that the presence of AtHAK5 is required for GSNO exerting an inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Oliferuk
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Simontacchi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS, CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Guillermo E Santa-María
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Multiple High-Affinity K + Transporters and ABC Transporters Involved in K + Uptake/Transport in the Potassium-Hyperaccumulator Plant Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040470. [PMID: 32276334 PMCID: PMC7238005 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Potassium is an important essential element for plant growth and development. Long-term potassium deprivation can lead to a severe deficiency phenotype in plants. Interestingly, Phytolacca acinosa is a plant with an unusually high potassium content and can grow well and complete its lifecycle even in severely potassium deficient soil. In this study, we found that its stems and leaves were the main tissues for high potassium accumulation, and P. acinosa showed a strong ability of K+ absorption in roots and a large capability of potassium accumulation in shoots. Analysis of plant growth and physiological characteristics indicated that P. acinosa had an adaptability in a wide range of external potassium levels. To reveal the mechanism of K+ uptake and transport in the potassium-hyperaccumulator plant P. acinosa, K+ uptake-/transport-related genes were screened by transcriptome sequencing, and their expression profiles were compared between K+ starved plants and normal cultured plants. Eighteen members of HAK/KT/KUPs, ten members of AKTs, and one member of HKT were identified in P. acinosa. Among them, six HAKs, and two AKTs and PaHKT1 showed significantly different expression. These transporters might be coordinatively involved in K+ uptake/transport in P. acinosa and lead to high potassium accumulation in plant tissues. In addition, significantly changed expression of some ABC transporters indicated that ABC transporters might be important for K+ uptake and transport in P. acinosa under low K+ concentrations.
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48
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Overexpression of V-type H + pyrophosphatase gene EdVP1 from Elymus dahuricus increases yield and potassium uptake of transgenic wheat under low potassium conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5020. [PMID: 32193452 PMCID: PMC7081212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of potassium in soil limits crop yield. Increasing yield and conserving potassium ore requires improving K use efficiency (KUE). Many genes influence KUE in plants, but it is not clear how these genes function in the field. We identified the V-type H+-pyrophosphatase gene EdVP1 from Elymus dahurica. Gene expression analysis showed that EdVP1 was induced by low potassium stress. Protein subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that EdVP1 localized on the plasma membrane. We overexpressed EdVP1 in two wheat varieties and conducted K tolerance experiments across years. Yield per plant, grain number per spike, plant height, and K uptake of four transgenic wheat lines increased significantly compared with WT; results from two consecutive years showed that EdVP1 significantly increased yield and KUE of transgenic wheat. Pot experiments showed that transgenic plants had significantly longer shoots and roots, and higher K accumulation in shoots and roots and H+-PPase activity in shoots than WT under low K. A fluidity assay of potassium ion in EdVP1 transgenic plant roots showed that potassium ion influx and H+ outflow in transgenic plants were higher than WT. Overexpressing EdVP1 significantly improved yield and KUE of transgenic wheat and was related to higher K uptake capacity in root.
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Lopez-Ortiz C, Peña-Garcia Y, Natarajan P, Bhandari M, Abburi V, Dutta SK, Yadav L, Stommel J, Nimmakayala P, Reddy UK. The ankyrin repeat gene family in Capsicum spp: Genome-wide survey, characterization and gene expression profile. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4044. [PMID: 32132613 PMCID: PMC7055287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ankyrin (ANK) repeat protein family is largely distributed across plants and has been found to participate in multiple processes such as plant growth and development, hormone response, response to biotic and abiotic stresses. It is considered as one of the major markers of capsaicin content in pepper fruits. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and expression analysis of genes encoding ANK proteins in three Capsicum species: Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum annuum and Capsicum chinense. We identified a total of 87, 85 and 96 ANK genes in C. baccatum, C. annuum and C. chinense genomes, respectively. Next, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the Capsicum ANK gene family including gene chromosomal localization, Cis-elements, conserved motif identification, intron/exon structural patterns and gene ontology classification as well as profile expression. Phylogenetic and domain organization analysis grouped the Capsicum ANK gene family into ten subfamilies distributed across all 12 pepper chromosomes at different densities. Analysis of the expression of ANK genes in leaf and pepper fruits suggested that the ANKs have specific expression patterns at various developmental stages in placenta tissue. Our results provide valuable information for further studies of the evolution, classification and putative functions of ANK genes in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lopez-Ortiz
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yadira Peña-Garcia
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Purushothaman Natarajan
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America.,Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - Menuka Bhandari
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Venkata Abburi
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sudip Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America.,ICAR RC NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib, Mizoram, India
| | - Lav Yadav
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - John Stommel
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory (USDA, ARS), Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America.
| | - Umesh K Reddy
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America.
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50
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Zhang W, Wang N, Yang J, Guo H, Liu Z, Zheng X, Li S, Xiang F. The salt-induced transcription factor GmMYB84 confers salinity tolerance in soybean. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110326. [PMID: 31928665 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor activation and DNA methylation are important plant responses to abiotic stress. Here, we established that the salinity stress-induced expression of the soybean (Glycine max) transcription factor-encoding gene GmMYB84 relies on DNA methylation. The level of DNA methylation at sequences 690 nt to 950 nt upstream of the GmMYB84 transcription initiation codon was markedly reduced in plants exposed to salinity stress, resulting in a higher abundance of transcripts. When challenged with salinity stress, plants constitutively expressing GmMYB84 outperformed untransformed plants with respect to their germination rate, primary root elongation, proline accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane integrity, and K+ levels. Arabidopsis thaliana plants heterologously expressing GmMYB84 were more tolerant to salt stress and exhibited higher germination rates than the wild type. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that GmMYB84 binds to the cis-regulatory sequences of GmAKT1, the homolog of ARABIDOPSIS K+ TRANSPORTER 1 (AKT1). Thus, DNA methylation modulates the salinity stress-induced expression of the soybean transcription factor-encoding gene GmMYB84 and thereby confers salinity stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Nan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Jingting Yang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Hui Guo
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiaojian Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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