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Nardeli SM, Arge LWP, Artico S, de Moura SM, Tschoeke DA, de Freitas Guedes FA, Grossi-de-Sa MF, Martinelli AP, Alves-Ferreira M. Global gene expression profile and functional analysis reveal the conservation of reproduction-associated gene networks in Gossypium hirsutum. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024; 37:215-227. [PMID: 38183442 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Lastly, the bZIP gene family encompasses genes that have been reported to play a role in flower development, such as bZIP14 (FD). Notably, bZIP14 is essential for Flowering Locus T (FT) initiation of floral development in Arabidopsis (Abe et al. 2005). Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the world's most extensively cultivated fiber crop. However, its reproductive development is poorly characterized at the molecular level. Thus, this study presents a detailed transcriptomic analysis of G. hirsutum at three different reproductive stages. We provide evidence that more than 64,000 genes are active in G. hirsutum during flower development, among which 94.33% have been assigned to functional terms and specific pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the biological process categories of floral organ development, pollen exine formation, and stamen development were enriched among the genes expressed during the floral development of G. hirsutum. Furthermore, we identified putative Arabidopsis homologs involved in the G. hirsutum gene regulatory network (GRN) of pollen and flower development, including transcription factors such as WUSCHEL (WUS), INNER NO OUTER (INO), AGAMOUS-LIKE 66 (AGL66), SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ), DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (DYT1), ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS), and ASH1-RELATED 3 (ASHR3), which are known crucial genes for plant reproductive success. The cotton MADS-box protein-protein interaction pattern resembles the previously described patterns for AGAMOUS (AG), SEEDSTICK (STK), SHATTERPROOF (SHP), and SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) homolog proteins from Arabidopsis. In addition to serving as a resource for comparative flower development studies, this work highlights the changes in gene expression profiles and molecular networks underlying stages that are valuable for cotton breeding improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Muniz Nardeli
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Luis Willian Pacheco Arge
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sinara Artico
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie Menezes de Moura
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology-Embrapa, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Diogo Antonio Tschoeke
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alves de Freitas Guedes
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology-Embrapa, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Alves-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology-INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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2
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Parkash V, Snider JL, Virk G, Dhillon KK, Lee JM. Diffusional and Biochemical Limitations to Photosynthesis Under Water Deficit for Field-Grown Cotton. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14281. [PMID: 38606698 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Water deficit stress limits net photosynthetic rate (AN), but the relative sensitivities of underlying processes such as thylakoid reactions, ATP production, carbon fixation reactions, and carbon loss processes to water deficit stress in field-grown upland cotton require further exploration. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess (1) the diffusional and biochemical mechanisms associated with water deficit-induced declines in AN and (2) associations between water deficit-induced variation in oxidative stress and energy dissipation for field-grown cotton. Water deficit stress was imposed for three weeks during the peak bloom stage of cotton development, causing significant reductions in leaf water potential and AN. Among diffusional limitations, mesophyll conductance was the major contributor to the AN decline. Several biochemical processes were adversely impacted by water deficit. Among these, electron transport rate and RuBP regeneration were most sensitive to AN-limiting water deficit. Carbon loss processes (photorespiration and dark respiration) were less sensitive than carbon assimilation, contributing to the water deficit-induced declines in AN. Increased energy dissipation via non-photochemical quenching or maintenance of electron flux to photorespiration prevented oxidative stress. Declines in AN were not associated with water deficit-induced variation in ATP production. It was concluded that diffusional limitations followed by biochemical limitations (ETR and RuBP regeneration) contributed to declines in AN, carbon loss processes partially contributed to the decline in AN, and increased energy dissipation prevented oxidative stress under water deficit in field-grown cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Parkash
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Gurpreet Virk
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Lee
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
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3
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Zhou Y, Li F, Xin Q, Li Y, Lin Z. Historical variability of cotton yield and response to climate and agronomic management in Xinjiang, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169327. [PMID: 38103605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is the primary fibre crop in the world with high economic value, and its yield can be affected by climate and agronomic management. Xinjiang, the largest cotton-producing province in China, contributes to approximately 90 % of the national and over 20 % of global production. Earlier studies focused on cotton yield variability and/or drivers on the site scale, for only one to several counties or cities within Xinjiang, in several years before 2000, or provincial production for a short period. It remains poorly understood how and why cotton yields change in Xinjiang. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal variability of cotton yields at the provincial and county (73 counties) levels from 1989 to 2017 using yield statistics, and identifies the dominant climate and agronomic management factors as well as their optimal ranges, historical states, and interaction effects using the geographical detector method (Geodetector). The results show that the Xinjiang cotton yield has increased markedly over the past decades, with the long-term trend outweighing the interannual variability. High yields are mostly found in southern and northwestern Xinjiang. Yield has increased significantly in over 95.6 % of cotton-planting areas, primarily in the west. Nitrogen fertilization is the leading driver of cotton yield changes, mainly impacting long-term trends. The combination of nitrogen fertilization and agricultural mechanization enhances the explanatory power in a bivariate way and is the strongest in the interaction effect between factors. Temperature variability has the greatest influence on detrended yield variability, and the explanatory power is enhanced and the highest when combined with precipitation. In addition, historical states of these factors are generally lower than their optimal ranges, indicating potential for cotton yield enhancement through improved agronomic management practices and in the context of global warming. This study could enhance understanding of cotton Xinjiang yield variability and drivers, and provides scientific guidance for local cotton cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhou
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qinchuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhongda Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Liu M, Zhou Y, Sun J, Mao F, Yao Q, Li B, Wang Y, Gao Y, Dong X, Liao S, Wang P, Huang S. From the floret to the canopy: High temperature tolerance during flowering. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100629. [PMID: 37226443 PMCID: PMC10721465 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heat waves induced by climate warming have become common in food-producing regions worldwide, frequently coinciding with high temperature (HT)-sensitive stages of many crops and thus threatening global food security. Understanding the HT sensitivity of reproductive organs is currently of great interest for increasing seed set. The responses of seed set to HT involve multiple processes in both male and female reproductive organs, but we currently lack an integrated and systematic summary of these responses for the world's three leading food crops (rice, wheat, and maize). In the present work, we define the critical high temperature thresholds for seed set in rice (37.2°C ± 0.2°C), wheat (27.3°C ± 0.5°C), and maize (37.9°C ± 0.4°C) during flowering. We assess the HT sensitivity of these three cereals from the microspore stage to the lag period, including effects of HT on flowering dynamics, floret growth and development, pollination, and fertilization. Our review synthesizes existing knowledge about the effects of HT stress on spikelet opening, anther dehiscence, pollen shedding number, pollen viability, pistil and stigma function, pollen germination on the stigma, and pollen tube elongation. HT-induced spikelet closure and arrest of pollen tube elongation have a catastrophic effect on pollination and fertilization in maize. Rice benefits from pollination under HT stress owing to bottom anther dehiscence and cleistogamy. Cleistogamy and secondary spikelet opening increase the probability of pollination success in wheat under HT stress. However, cereal crops themselves also have protective measures under HT stress. Lower canopy/tissue temperatures compared with air temperatures indicate that cereal crops, especially rice, can partly protect themselves from heat damage. In maize, husk leaves reduce inner ear temperature by about 5°C compared with outer ear temperature, thereby protecting the later phases of pollen tube growth and fertilization processes. These findings have important implications for accurate modeling, optimized crop management, and breeding of new varieties to cope with HT stress in the most important staple crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayang Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Mao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baole Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingbo Gao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuhua Liao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoubing Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Sheri V, Kumar M, Jaconis S, Zhang B. Antioxidant defense in cotton under environmental stresses: Unraveling the crucial role of a universal defense regulator for enhanced cotton sustainability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108141. [PMID: 37926000 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a globally significant crop that provides natural fibers for the textile industry and also an important oil and biopharmaceutical resources. However, the production of cotton faces substantial challenges due to various biotic and abiotic stress factors that can negatively impact cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the effects of biotic stress factors, such as insect pests, bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens, and nematodes, as well as abiotic stress factors, including extreme hot and cold temperature, drought, toxicity induced by heavy metal and salinity, on the antioxidant systems in cotton. We discuss the crucial antioxidants, such as glutathione, proline, and phenolics, and highlight major antioxidant enzymes, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR), and their roles in cotton's response to these stress factors. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms and the crosstalk between different stress factors signaling pathways. We also examine the implications of stress-induced changes in antioxidant levels and enzyme activities for cotton productivity and breeding strategies. Additionally, we shed light on the unanswered questions, research gaps, and future perspectives in this field, paving the way for further investigations to enhance our understanding of cotton's antioxidant defenses and develop novel strategies for improving cotton stress tolerance and yield stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sheri
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Susan Jaconis
- Agricultural & Environmental Research Department, Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA.
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6
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Savani KR, Gajera HP, Hirpara DG, Savaliya DD, Kandoliya UK. Salicylic acid-functionalised chitosan nanoparticles restore impaired sucrose metabolism in the developing anther of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum) under heat stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:736-751. [PMID: 37536348 DOI: 10.1071/fp22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology provides tremendous potential in agriculture, mitigating climate change impact and improving abiotic stress management strategy. Chitosan nanoparticles (NCS) were synthesised using the ion gelation method and characterised for size (75.5nm in particle size analyser), shape (spherical under scanning electron microscopy) and stability (132.2mV zeta potential). Further, salicylic acid was incorporated into NCS to craft salicylic acid-functionalised chitosan nanoparticles (SA-NCS) and illustrated for size (517nm), shape (spherical) and stability (197.1mV). The influence of the exogenous application of SA-NCS (0.08%) was studied at the reproductive stage of three genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum ): (1) heat-tolerant Solar-651 BGII; (2) moderately heat-tolerant Solar-701 BGII; and (3) heat-susceptible Solar-805 BGII, exposed to different temperature regimes: (1) H1 (optimal), 32/20±2°C; (2) H2 (sub-optimal), 38/24±2°C; H3 (supra-optimal), 45/30±2°C. Heat stress significantly reduces carbon-fixing Rubisco, enzymes related to sucrose metabolism and pollen tube length. Considering three genotypes and reproductive stages (sepal and anther tissues), activities of Rubisco (sepals), invertase (sepals), sucrose phosphate synthase (anthers), sucrose content (sepals) and pollen tube length were elevated under high-temperature regimes, signifying better source to sink transposition of sucrose influenced by SA-NCS. The study provides new insights into SA-NCS to improve source-sink imbalance and restore sucrose metabolism for better growth of reproductive structure under heat stress in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati R Savani
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362 001, Gujarat, India
| | - H P Gajera
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Darshna G Hirpara
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Disha D Savaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362 001, Gujarat, India
| | - U K Kandoliya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362 001, Gujarat, India
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7
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Iqbal A, Aslam S, Ahmed M, Khan F, Ali Q, Han S. Role of Actin Dynamics and GhACTIN1 Gene in Cotton Fiber Development: A Prototypical Cell for Study. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1642. [PMID: 37628693 PMCID: PMC10454433 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton crop is considered valuable for its fiber and seed oil. Cotton fiber is a single-celled outgrowth from the ovule epidermis, and it is a very dynamic cell for study. It has four distinct but overlapping developmental stages: initiation, elongation, secondary cell wall synthesis, and maturation. Among the various qualitative characteristics of cotton fiber, the important ones are the cotton fiber staple length, tensile strength, micronaire values, and fiber maturity. Actin dynamics are known to play an important role in fiber elongation and maturation. The current review gives an insight into the cotton fiber developmental stages, the qualitative traits associated with cotton fiber, and the set of genes involved in regulating these developmental stages and fiber traits. This review also highlights some prospects for how biotechnological approaches can improve cotton fiber quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Iqbal
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China;
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Sibgha Aslam
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Government Boys College Sokasan, Higher Education Department, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bhimber 10040, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 33001, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shiming Han
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China;
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8
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Kaur N, Snider JL, Paterson AH, Grey TL, Li C, Virk G, Parkash V. Variation in thermotolerance of photosystem II energy trapping, intersystem electron transport, and photosystem I electron acceptor reduction for diverse cotton genotypes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107868. [PMID: 37459803 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cotton breeding programs have focused on agronomically-desirable traits. Without targeted selection for tolerance to high temperature extremes, cotton will likely be more vulnerable to environment-induced yield loss. Recently-developed methods that couple chlorophyll fluorescence induction measurements with temperature response experiments could be used to identify genotypic variation in photosynthetic thermotolerance of specific photosynthetic processes for field-grown plants. It was hypothesized that diverse cotton genotypes would differ significantly in photosynthetic thermotolerance, specific thylakoid processes would exhibit differential sensitivities to high temperature, and that the most heat tolerant process would exhibit substantial genotypic variation in thermotolerance plasticity. A two-year field experiment was conducted at Tifton and Athens, Georgia, USA. Experiments included 10 genotypes in 2020 and 11 in 2021. Photosynthetic thermotolerance for field-collected leaf samples was assessed by determining the high temperature threshold resulting in a 15% decline in photosynthetic efficiency (T15) for energy trapping by photosystem II (ΦPo), intersystem electron transport (ΦEo), and photosystem I end electron acceptor reduction (ΦRo). Significant genotypic variation in photosynthetic thermotolerance was observed, but the response was dependent on location and photosynthetic parameter assessed. ΦEo was substantially more heat sensitive than ΦPo or ΦRo. Significant genotypic variation in thermotolerance plasticity of ΦEo was also observed. Identifying the weakest link in photosynthetic tolerance to high temperature will facilitate future selection efforts by focusing on the most heat-susceptible processes. Given the genotypic differences in environmental plasticity observed here, future research should evaluate genotypic variation in acclimation potential in controlled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Timothy L Grey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Changying Li
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gurpreet Virk
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Ved Parkash
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
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9
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Sarwar M, Saleem MF, Ullah N, Ali A, Collins B, Shahid M, Munir MK, Chung SM, Kumar M. Superior leaf physiological performance contributes to sustaining the final yield of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes under terminal heat stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:739-753. [PMID: 37363422 PMCID: PMC10284769 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize methods for identifying heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible cotton plants by examining the relationship between leaf physiology and cotton yield. Cotton accessions were exposed to elevated temperatures through staggered sowing and controlled growth conditions in a glasshouse. Based on their yield performance, leaf physiology, cell biochemistry, and pollen germination, the accessions were categorized as heat-tolerant, moderately tolerant, or susceptible. High temperatures had a significant impact on various leaf physiological and biochemical factors, such as cell injury, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, and enzyme activities. The germination of flower pollen and seed cotton yield was also affected. The study demonstrated that there was a genetic variability for heat tolerance among the tested cotton accessions, as indicated by the interaction between accession and environment. Leaf gas exchange, cell biochemistry, pollen germination, and cotton yield were strongly associated with heat-sensitive accessions, but this association was negligible in tolerant accessions. Principal component analysis was used to classify the accessions based on their performance under heat stress conditions. The findings suggest that leaf physiological traits, cell biochemistry, pollen germination, and cotton yield can be effective indicators for selecting heat-tolerant cotton lines. Future research could explore additional genetic traits for improved selection and development of heat-tolerant accessions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01322-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarwar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Najeeb Ullah
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asjad Ali
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, PO Box 1054, Mareeba, QLD 4880 Australia
| | - Brian Collins
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia
| | | | - Muhammad Kashif Munir
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sang-Min Chung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, 10326 Korea
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, 10326 Korea
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10
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Shi W, Yang J, Kumar R, Zhang X, Impa SM, Xiao G, Jagadish SVK. Heat Stress During Gametogenesis Irreversibly Damages Female Reproductive Organ in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:32. [PMID: 35763153 PMCID: PMC9240181 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress during gametogenesis leads to spikelet sterility. To ascertain the role of female reproductive organ (pistil), two rice genotypes N22 and IR64 with contrasting heat stress responses were exposed to control (30 °C) and heat stress (38 °C and 40 °C) during megasporogenesis. Anatomical observations of ovule revealed greater disappearance of megaspore mother cell and nuclei at early stages, and during later stages mature embryo sac without female germ unit, improper positioning of nuclei, and shrunken embryo sac was observed in the sensitive IR64. Under heat stress, a decrease in sugar and starch, increase in H2O2 and malondialdehyde with lower antioxidant enzyme activities were recorded in pistils of both N22 and IR64. Lower accumulation of TCA cycle metabolites and amino acids were noticed in IR64 pistils under heat stress at gametogenesis, whereas N22 exhibited favorable metabolite profiles. At heading, however, N22 pistils had higher carbohydrate accumulation and better ROS homeostasis, suggesting higher recovery after heat stress exposure. In summary, the results indicate that heat stress during megasporogenesis leads to irreversible anatomical and physiological changes in pistil and alters metabolic signatures leading to increased spikelet sterility in rice. Mechanisms identified for enhanced heat tolerance in pistil can help in developing rice varieties that are better adapted to future hotter climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanju Shi
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Somayanda M. Impa
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2122 USA
| | - Gui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - S. V. Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2122 USA
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11
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Kumar S, Thakur M, Mitra R, Basu S, Anand A. Sugar metabolism during pre- and post-fertilization events in plants under high temperature stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:655-673. [PMID: 34628530 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High temperature challenges global crop production by limiting the growth and development of the reproductive structures and seed. It impairs the developmental stages of male and female gametogenesis, pollination, fertilization, endosperm formation and embryo development. Among these, the male reproductive processes are highly prone to abnormalities under high temperature at various stages of development. The disruption of source-sink balance is the main constraint for satisfactory growth of the reproductive structures which is disturbed at the level of sucrose import and utilization within the tissue. Seed development after fertilization is affected by modulation in the activity of enzymes involved in starch metabolism. In addition, the alteration in the seed-filling rate and its duration affects the seed weight and quality. The present review critically discusses the role of sugar metabolism in influencing the various stages of gamete and seed development under high temperature stress. It also highlights the interaction of the sugars with hormones that mediate the transport of sugars to sink tissues. The role of transcription factors for the regulation of sugar availability under high temperature has also been discussed. Further, the omics-based systematic investigation has been suggested to understand the synergistic or antagonistic interactions between sugars, hormones and reactive oxygen species at various points of sucrose flow from source to sink under high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, 177 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raktim Mitra
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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12
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Sinha R, Fritschi FB, Zandalinas SI, Mittler R. The impact of stress combination on reproductive processes in crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:111007. [PMID: 34482910 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Historically, extended droughts combined with heat waves caused severe reductions in crop yields estimated at billions of dollars annually. Because global warming and climate change are driving an increase in the frequency and intensity of combined water-deficit and heat stress episodes, understanding how these episodes impact yield is critical for our efforts to develop climate change-resilient crops. Recent studies demonstrated that a combination of water-deficit and heat stress exacerbates the impacts of water-deficit or heat stress on reproductive processes of different cereals and legumes, directly impacting grain production. These studies identified several different mechanisms potentially underlying the effects of stress combination on anthers, pollen, and stigma development and function, as well as fertilization. Here we review some of these findings focusing on unbalanced reactive oxygen accumulation, altered sugar concentrations, and conflicting functions of different hormones, as contributing to the reduction in yield during a combination of water-deficit and heat stress. Future studies focused on the effects of water-deficit and heat stress combination on reproduction of different crops are likely to unravel additional mechanisms, as well as reveal novel ways to develop stress combination-resilient crops. These could mitigate some of the potentially devastating impacts of this stress combination on agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Sinha
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
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13
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Wang Y, Impa SM, Sunkar R, Jagadish SVK. The neglected other half - role of the pistil in plant heat stress responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2200-2210. [PMID: 33866576 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress coinciding with reproductive stage leads to a significant loss in reproductive organs viability, resulting in lower seed-set and crop productivity. Successful fertilization and seed formation are determined by the viability of male and female reproductive organs. The impact of heat stress on the male reproductive organ (pollen) is studied more often compared to the female reproductive organ (pistil). This is attributed to easier accessibility of the pollen coupled with the notion that the pistil's role in fertilization and seed-set under heat stress is negligible. However, depending on species and developmental stages, recent studies reveal varying degrees of sensitivity of the pistil to heat stress. Remarkably, in some cases, the vulnerability of the pistil is even greater than the pollen. This article summarizes the current knowledge of the impact of heat stress on three critical stages of pistil for successful seed-set, that is, female reproductive organ development (gametogenesis), pollen-pistil interactions including pollen capture on stigma and pollen tube growth in style, as well as fertilization and early embryogenesis. Further, future research directions are suggested to unravel molecular basis of heat stress tolerance in pistil, which is critical for sustaining crop yields under predicted warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - S M Impa
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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14
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Ferguson JN, Tidy AC, Murchie EH, Wilson ZA. The potential of resilient carbon dynamics for stabilizing crop reproductive development and productivity during heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2066-2089. [PMID: 33538010 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Impaired carbon metabolism and reproductive development constrain crop productivity during heat stress. Reproductive development is energy intensive, and its requirement for respiratory substrates rises as associated metabolism increases with temperature. Understanding how these processes are integrated and the extent to which they contribute to the maintenance of yield during and following periods of elevated temperatures is important for developing climate-resilient crops. Recent studies are beginning to demonstrate links between processes underlying carbon dynamics and reproduction during heat stress, consequently a summation of research that has been reported thus far and an evaluation of purported associations are needed to guide and stimulate future research. To this end, we review recent studies relating to source-sink dynamics, non-foliar photosynthesis and net carbon gain as pivotal in understanding how to improve reproductive development and crop productivity during heat stress. Rapid and precise phenotyping during narrow phenological windows will be important for understanding mechanisms underlying these processes, thus we discuss the development of relevant high-throughput phenotyping approaches that will allow for more informed decision-making regarding future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison C Tidy
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
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15
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Zafar MM, Jia X, Shakeel A, Sarfraz Z, Manan A, Imran A, Mo H, Ali A, Youlu Y, Razzaq A, Iqbal MS, Ren M. Unraveling Heat Tolerance in Upland Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) Using Univariate and Multivariate Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:727835. [PMID: 35095940 PMCID: PMC8792985 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.727835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ever-changing global environment currently includes an increasing ambient temperature that can be a devastating stress for organisms. Plants, being sessile, are adversely affected by heat stress in their physiology, development, growth, and ultimately yield. Since little is known about the response of biochemical traits to high-temperature ambiance, we evaluated eight parental lines (five lines and three testers) and their 15 F1 hybrids under normal and high-temperature stress to assess the impact of these conditions over 2 consecutive years. The research was performed under a triplicate randomized complete block design including a split-plot arrangement. Data were recorded for agronomic, biochemical, and fiber quality traits. Mean values of agronomic traits were significantly reduced under heat stress conditions, while hydrogen peroxide, peroxidase, total soluble protein, superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), carotenoids, and fiber strength displayed higher mean values under heat stress conditions. Under both conditions, high genetic advance and high heritability were observed for seed cotton yield (SCY), CAT, micronaire value, plant height, and chlorophyll-a and b content, indicating that an additive type of gene action controls these traits under both the conditions. For more insights into variation, Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Significant positive associations were observed among agronomic, biochemical, and fiber quality-related traits. The multivariate analyses involving hierarchical clustering and PCA classified the 23 experimental genotypes into four groups under normal and high-temperature stress conditions. Under both conditions, the F1 hybrid genotype FB-SHAHEEN × JSQ WHITE GOLD followed by Ghuari-1, CCRI-24, Eagle-2 × FB-Falcon, Ghuari-1 × JSQ White Gold, and Eagle-2 exhibited better performance in response to high-temperature stress regarding the agronomic and fiber quality-related traits. The mentioned genotypes could be utilized in future cotton breeding programs to enhance heat tolerance and improve cotton yield and productivity through resistance to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mubashar Zafar
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xue Jia
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Amir Shakeel
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zareen Sarfraz
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Abdul Manan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Huijuan Mo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Arfan Ali
- FB Genetics, Four Brothers Group, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yuan Youlu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Abdul Razzaq,
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Cotton Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Muhammad Shahid Iqbal,
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Maozhi Ren,
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16
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Hu W, Huang Y, Bai H, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhou Z. Influence of drought stress on pistil physiology and reproductive success of two Gossypium hirsutum cultivars differing in drought tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:909-920. [PMID: 31587275 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The causes of reproductive failure under drought stress (DS) are poorly understood. We hypothesized that reproductive failure was related to drought-induced changes in pistil biochemistry. To address this hypothesis, a water deficit-induced experiment was conducted with two cotton cultivars (Dexiamian 1, drought tolerant; Yuzaomian 9110, drought sensitive). Results showed that DS decreased the photosynthesis of subtending leaf and downregulated sucrose transporter gene (GhSUT-1) expression in pistil for both cultivars, resulting in lower pistil carbon accumulation which was reflected in the decreased starch accumulation. Lower starch, as potential energy, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as direct energy, in droughted pistils suggested less energy for pollen tube entrance into ovules, reducing the fertilized ovule number and fertilization efficiency. Further, although pistil peroxidase activity increased under DS, a higher hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) level still was measured in droughted pistils than well-watered pistils, damaging reproductive activities. Moreover, larger decreases in photosynthesis, pistil GhSUT-1 expression, carbon accumulation, starch and ATP contents caused by DS for Yuzaomian 9110 than Dexiamian 1, and different responses of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and ascorbic acid and H2 O2 contents to DS between the two cultivars might be the reasons causing a greater decrease in fertilization efficiency for Yuzaomian 9110 than Dexiamian 1 under DS. Thus, we suggest that decreased ovule fertilization under DS was related to the disorganized carbohydrate metabolism and inefficient antioxidant defense in droughted pistils, and the effects of DS on pistil carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant defense were more significant for drought-sensitive cultivars than drought-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Yanjun Huang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Hua Bai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, 64468, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
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17
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Lohani N, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. High temperature susceptibility of sexual reproduction in crop plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:555-568. [PMID: 31560053 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-induced increases in the frequency of extreme weather events, particularly heatwaves, are a serious threat to crop productivity. The productivity of grain crops is dependent on the success of sexual reproduction, which is very sensitive to heat stress. Male gametophyte development has been identified as the most heat-vulnerable stage. This review outlines the susceptibility of the various stages of sexual reproduction in flowering plants from the time of floral transition to double fertilization. We summarize current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms underpinning the heat stress-induced aberrations and abnormalities at flowering, male reproductive development, female reproductive development, and fertilization. We highlight the stage-specific bottlenecks in sexual reproduction, which regulate seed set and final yields under high-temperature conditions, together with the outstanding research questions concerning genotypic and species-specific differences in thermotolerance observed in crops. This knowledge is essential for trait selection and genetic modification strategies for the development of heat-tolerant genotypes and high-temperature-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Lohani
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohan B Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prem L Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Antioxidant and Physiological Responses of Upland Cotton Accessions Grown Under High-Temperature Regimes. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-019-00781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Liu Y, Li J, Zhu Y, Jones A, Rose RJ, Song Y. Heat Stress in Legume Seed Setting: Effects, Causes, and Future Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:938. [PMID: 31417579 PMCID: PMC6684746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes provide a rich resource of plant nutrition to human diets and are vital for food security and sustainable cropping. Heat stress during flowering has a detrimental effect on legume seed yield, mainly due to irreversible loss of seed number. To start with, we provide an overview of the developmental and physiological basis of controlling seed setting in response to heat stress. It is shown that every single process of seed setting including male and female gametophyte development, fertilization, and early seed/fruit development is sensitive to heat stress, in particular male reproductive development in legume crops is especially susceptible. A series of physiochemical processes including heat shock proteins, antioxidants, metabolites, and hormones centered with sugar starvation are proposed to play a key role in regulating legume seed setting in response to heat stress. The exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive heat tolerance is in its infancy. Medicago truncatula, with a small diploid genome, and well-established transformation system and molecular platforms, has become a valuable model for testing gene function that can be applied to advance the physiological and molecular understanding of legume reproductive heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yulei Zhu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ashley Jones
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ray J. Rose
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Youhong Song
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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20
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Wang H, Chen Y, Hu W, Snider JL, Zhou Z. Short-term soil-waterlogging contributes to cotton cross tolerance to chronic elevated temperature by regulating ROS metabolism in the subtending leaf. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:333-341. [PMID: 30952085 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic elevated temperature and soil-waterlogging events often occur concomitantly in the Yangtze River Valley; however, a clear understanding of the effects of aforementioned co-occurring stresses on antioxidant defense in cotton has not been attained. To address this, two temperature conditions during the whole flowering and boll development periods, and three soil-waterlogging levels (0, 3, 6 d) starting on the day of anthesis were established. In the current study, no siginificant difference was observed on plant performance for 3 d soil-waterlogging, whereas 6 d soil-waterlogging event and elevated temperature in isolation negatively affected plant performance (i.e. leaf area declined by 33.3% and 14.7% in AW6 (soil waterlogging for 6 d under ambient temperature regime) and EC (soil well-watered (SRWC(75 ± 5) %) under elevated temperature for 2-3 °C) relative to AC (soil well-watered (SRWC(75 ± 5) %) under ambient temperature regime)) and induced ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and scavenging mechanisms in the subtending leaf of cotton. SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and POX (peroxidase) activities were increased, and ASA (ascorbic acid) concentration was enhanced due to higher H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and O2- accumulations. Whereas, APX (ascorbate peroxidase), DHAR (dehydroascorbate reductase) and GR (glutathione reductase) activities were inhibited under elevated temperature regime or waterlogging event, especially in the treatment of EW6 (soil waterlogging for 6 d under elevated temperature for 2-3 °C), which resulted in increasing H2O2 concentration and higher O2- generation rate. However, plants acclimated to a short-term waterlogging stress (3 d) performed a cross tolerance to chronic elevated temperature regime (leaf number increased by 11.4%, whereas the abscission rate decreased by 4.6% in EW3 (soil waterlogging for 3 d under elevated temperature for 2-3 °C) compared with EC (soil well-watered (SRWC(75 ± 5) %) under elevated temperature for 2-3 °C)). Moreover, plants undergone a brief soil-waterlogging (3 d) induced higher GR activity and increased ASA concentration, along with enhanced SOD, CAT, POX activities, limiting H2O2 and O2- accumulation and reducing oxidative damage to membrane lipids as evidenced by reduced MDA (malondialdehyde) concentration when cotton was subsequently exposed to chronic elevated temperature regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimiao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Yinglong Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
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21
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Priya M, Sharma L, Kaur R, Bindumadhava H, Nair RM, Siddique KHM, Nayyar H. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), as a thermo-protectant, to improve the reproductive function of heat-stressed mungbean plants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7788. [PMID: 31127130 PMCID: PMC6534552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising global temperatures are proving to be detrimental for the agriculture. Hence, strategies are needed to induce thermotolerance in food crops to sustain the food production. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), a non-protein amino acid, can partially protect plants from high-temperature stress. This study hypothesises that declining GABA concentrations in the cells of heat-stressed mungbean plants increases the heat-sensitivity of reproductive function. Mungbean plants were grown in a natural, outdoor environment (29.3/16.1 ± 1 °C as mean day/night temperature, 1350-1550 µmol m-2 s-1 light intensity, 60-65% as mean relative humidity) until the start of the reproductive stage. Subsequently, two temperature treatments were imposed in a controlled environment-control (35/23 °C) and heat stress (45/28 °C)-at about 800 µmol m-2 s-1 light intensity and 65-70% as mean relative humidity, until pod maturity. In heat-stressed (HS) plants, endogenous GABA concentrations in leaf and anther samples had declined by 49 and 60%, respectively, and to a much lesser degree in the plants, exogenously supplemented with 1 mM GABA. The reproductive function of GABA-treated heat-stressed plants improved significantly in terms of pollen germination, pollen viability, stigma receptivity and ovule viability, compared to untreated HS controls. In addition, GABA-treated heat-stressed plants had less damage to membranes, photosynthetic machinery (chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence, RuBisCO activity were functionally normal) and carbon assimilation (sucrose synthesis and its utilisation) than the untreated HS controls. Leaf water status improved significantly with GABA application, including enhanced accumulation of osmolytes such as proline and trehalose due to increase in the activities of their biosynthetic enzymes. GABA-treated heat-stressed plants produced more pods (28%) and seed weight (27%) plant-1 than the untreated controls. This study is the first to report the involvement of GABA in protecting reproductive function in mungbean under heat stress, as a result of improved leaf turgor, carbon fixation and assimilation processes, through the augmentation of several enzymes related to these physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Priya
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Lomeshwar Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - H Bindumadhava
- World Vegetable Center, South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, 502 324, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - Ramkrishnan M Nair
- World Vegetable Center, South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, 502 324, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - K H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, M082, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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22
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Ponvert N, Goldberg J, Leydon A, Johnson MA. Iterative subtraction facilitates automated, quantitative analysis of multiple pollen tube growth features. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:45-54. [PMID: 30543045 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-00351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, successful reproduction and generation of seed depends on the delivery of immotile sperm to female gametes via the pollen tube. As reproduction in flowering plants is the cornerstone of our agricultural industry, there is a need to uncover the genes, small molecules, and environmental conditions that affect pollen tube growth dynamics. However, methods for measuring pollen tube phenotypes are labor intensive, and suffer from a tradeoff between workload and resolution. To approach these problems, we use an image analysis technique called Automated Stack Iterative Subtraction (ASIST). Our tool converts growing pollen tube tips into closed particles, making the automated simultaneous extraction of multiple pollen tube phenotypes from hundreds of individual cells tractable via existing particle identification technology. Here we use our tool to analyze growth dynamics of pollen tubes in vitro, and semi in vivo. We show that ASIST provides a framework for robust, high throughput analysis of pollen tube growth behaviors in populations of cells, thus facilitating pollen tube phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Ponvert
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jacob Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Alexander Leydon
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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23
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Sarwar M, Saleem MF, Ullah N, Rizwan M, Ali S, Shahid MR, Alamri SA, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Exogenously applied growth regulators protect the cotton crop from heat-induced injury by modulating plant defense mechanism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17086. [PMID: 30459328 PMCID: PMC6244283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodes of extremely high temperature during reproductive stages of cotton crops are common in many parts of the world. Heat stress negatively influences plant growth, physiology and ultimately lint yield. This study attempts to modulate heat-induced damage to cotton crops via application of growth regulators e.g. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 30ppm), salicylic acid (SA 50ppm), moringa leaf extract (MLE 30 times diluted) and ascorbic acid (ASA 70ppm). Cotton plants were exposed to different thermal regimes by staggering sowing time (field) or exposing to elevated temperatures (38/24 °C and 45/30 °C) for one week during reproductive growth stages (glasshouse). Elevated temperatures significantly induced lipid membrane damage, which was evident from an increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in cotton leaves. Heat-stressed plants also experienced a significant reduction in leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate and lint yield. Hydrogen peroxide outclassed all the other regulators in increasing leaf SOD, CAT activity, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, number of sympodial branches, boll weight and fiber quality components. For example, hydrogen peroxide improved boll weight of heat stressed plants by 32% (supra), 12% (sub) under glasshouse and 18% (supra) under field conditions compared with water treated plants under the same temperatures. Growth regulators, specifically, H2O2 protected physiological processes of cotton from heat-induced injury by capturing reactive oxygen species and modulating antioxidant enzymes. Thus, cotton performance in the future warmer climates may be improved through regulation (endogenous) or application (exogenous) hormones during reproductive phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarwar
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Najeeb Ullah
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Plant Science, The University of Queensland Wilsonton Heights, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Shahid
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saud A Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Botany, S.P. College, Maulana Azad Road, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
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24
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Wang H, Chen Y, Hu W, Wang S, Snider JL, Zhou Z. Carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf cross-acclimates to waterlogging and elevated temperature stress and influences boll biomass in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:339-354. [PMID: 28581029 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur concomitantly in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season. While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. To address this, plants were exposed to ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures during the whole flowering and boll formation stage, and waterlogging (0, 3, 6 days) beginning on the day of anthesis. Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. A prior exposure to waterlogging for 3 days improved subtending leaf performance under elevated temperature. Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
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25
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Sita K, Sehgal A, HanumanthaRao B, Nair RM, Vara Prasad PV, Kumar S, Gaur PM, Farooq M, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK, Nayyar H. Food Legumes and Rising Temperatures: Effects, Adaptive Functional Mechanisms Specific to Reproductive Growth Stage and Strategies to Improve Heat Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1658. [PMID: 29123532 PMCID: PMC5662899 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperatures are predicted to rise in the future owing to several reasons associated with global climate changes. These temperature increases can result in heat stress- a severe threat to crop production in most countries. Legumes are well-known for their impact on agricultural sustainability as well as their nutritional and health benefits. Heat stress imposes challenges for legume crops and has deleterious effects on the morphology, physiology, and reproductive growth of plants. High-temperature stress at the time of the reproductive stage is becoming a severe limitation for production of grain legumes as their cultivation expands to warmer environments and temperature variability increases due to climate change. The reproductive period is vital in the life cycle of all plants and is susceptible to high-temperature stress as various metabolic processes are adversely impacted during this phase, which reduces crop yield. Food legumes exposed to high-temperature stress during reproduction show flower abortion, pollen and ovule infertility, impaired fertilization, and reduced seed filling, leading to smaller seeds and poor yields. Through various breeding techniques, heat tolerance in major legumes can be enhanced to improve performance in the field. Omics approaches unravel different mechanisms underlying thermotolerance, which is imperative to understand the processes of molecular responses toward high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sita
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Pooran M. Gaur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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26
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Khan A, Tan DKY, Afridi MZ, Luo H, Tung SA, Ajab M, Fahad S. Nitrogen fertility and abiotic stresses management in cotton crop: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14551-14566. [PMID: 28434155 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines nitrogen (N) responses in crop production and potential management decisions to ameliorate abiotic stresses for better crop production. N is a primary constituent of the nucleotides and proteins that are essential for life. Production and application of N fertilizers consume huge amounts of energy, and excess is detrimental to the environment. Therefore, increasing plant N use efficiency (NUE) is important for the development of sustainable agriculture. NUE has a key role in crop yield and can be enhanced by controlling loss of fertilizers by application of humic acid and natural polymers (hydrogels), having high water-holding capacity which can improve plant performance under field conditions. Abiotic stresses such as waterlogging, drought, heat, and salinity are the major limitations for successful crop production. Therefore, integrated management approaches such as addition of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), the film antitranspirant (di-1-p-menthene and pinolene) nutrients, hydrogels, and phytohormones may provide novel approaches to improve plant tolerance against abiotic stress-induced damage. Moreover, for plant breeders and molecular biologists, it is a challenge to develop cotton cultivars that can tolerate plant abiotic stresses while having high potential NUE for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Khan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Daniel Kean Yuen Tan
- Faculty of Science, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Muhammad Zahir Afridi
- Department of Agronomy, Amir Muhammad Khan Campus Mardan, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Honghai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China.
| | - Shahbaz Atta Tung
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Mir Ajab
- Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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27
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Sita K, Sehgal A, Kumar J, Kumar S, Singh S, Siddique KHM, Nayyar H. Identification of High-Temperature Tolerant Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.) Genotypes through Leaf and Pollen Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:744. [PMID: 28579994 PMCID: PMC5437873 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures are proving detrimental for various agricultural crops. Cool-season legumes such as lentil (Lens culunaris Medik.) are sensitive to even small increases in temperature during the reproductive stage, hence the need to explore the available germplasm for heat tolerance as well as its underlying mechanisms. In the present study, a set of 38 core lentil accessions were screened for heat stress tolerance by sowing 2 months later (first week of January; max/min temperature >32/20°C during the reproductive stage) than the recommended date of sowing (first week of November; max/min temperature <32/20°C during the reproductive stage). Screening revealed some promising heat-tolerant genotypes (IG2507, IG3263, IG3297, IG3312, IG3327, IG3546, IG3330, IG3745, IG4258, and FLIP2009) which can be used in a breeding program. Five heat-tolerant (HT) genotypes (IG2507, IG3263, IG3745, IG4258, and FLIP2009) and five heat-sensitive (HS) genotypes (IG2821, IG2849, IG4242, IG3973, IG3964) were selected from the screened germplasm and subjected to further analysis by growing them the following year under similar conditions to probe the mechanisms associated with heat tolerance. Comparative studies on reproductive function revealed significantly higher pollen germination, pollen viability, stigmatic function, ovular viability, pollen tube growth through the style, and pod set in HT genotypes under heat stress. Nodulation was remarkably higher (1.8-22-fold) in HT genotypes. Moreover, HT genotypes produced more sucrose in their leaves (65-73%) and anthers (35-78%) that HS genotypes, which was associated with superior reproductive function and nodulation. Exogenous supplementation of sucrose to in vitro-grown pollen grains, collected from heat-stressed plants, enhanced their germination ability. Assessment of the leaves of HT genotypes suggested significantly less damage to membranes (1.3-1.4-fold), photosynthetic function (1.14-1.17-fold) and cellular oxidizing ability (1.1-1.5-fold) than HS genotypes, which was linked to higher relative leaf water content (RLWC) and stomatal conductance (gS). Consequently, HT genotypes had less oxidative damage (measured as malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentration), coupled with a higher expression of antioxidants, especially those of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway. Controlled environment studies on contrasting genotypes further supported the impact of heat stress and differentiated the response of HT and HS genotypes to varying temperatures. Our studies indicated that temperatures >35/25°C were highly detrimental for growth and yield in lentil. While HT genotypes tolerated temperatures up to 40/30°C by producing fewer pods, the HS genotypes failed to do so even at 38/28°C. The findings attributed heat tolerance to superior pollen function and higher expression of leaf antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sita
- Department of Botany, Panjab UniversityChandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry AreasRabat, Morocco
| | - Sarvjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana, India
| | | | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab UniversityChandigarh, India
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28
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Chen Y, Wang H, Hu W, Wang S, Wang Y, Snider JL, Zhou Z. Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses inhibit cell elongation by altering osmolyte composition of the developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 256:196-207. [PMID: 28167033 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil waterlogging events and high temperature conditions occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring stresses on fiber elongation have received little attention. In the current study, the combined effect of elevated temperature (ET) and soil waterlogging (SW) more negatively affected final fiber length (reduced by 5.4%-11.3%) than either stress alone by altering the composition of osmotically active solutes (sucrose, malate, and K+), where SW had the most pronounced effect. High temperature accelerated early fiber development, but limited the duration of elongation, thereby limiting final fiber length. Treatment of ET alone altered fiber sucrose content mainly through decreased source strength and the expression of the sucrose transporter gene GhSUT-1, making sucrose availability the primary determinant of final fiber length under ET. Waterlogging stress alone decreased source strength, down-regulated GhSUT-1 expression and enhanced SuSy catalytic activity for sucrose reduction. Waterlogging treatment alone also limited fiber malate production by down-regulating GhPEPC-1 & -2. However, combined elevated temperature and waterlogging limited primary cell wall synthesis by affecting GhCESAs genes and showed a negative impact on all three major osmotic solutes through the regulation of GhSUT-1, GhPEPC-1 & -2 and GhKT-1 expression and altered SuSy activity, which functioned together to produce a shorter fiber length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Haimiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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29
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Sita K, Sehgal A, HanumanthaRao B, Nair RM, Vara Prasad PV, Kumar S, Gaur PM, Farooq M, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK, Nayyar H. Food Legumes and Rising Temperatures: Effects, Adaptive Functional Mechanisms Specific to Reproductive Growth Stage and Strategies to Improve Heat Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 29123532 DOI: 10.3389/flps.2017.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperatures are predicted to rise in the future owing to several reasons associated with global climate changes. These temperature increases can result in heat stress- a severe threat to crop production in most countries. Legumes are well-known for their impact on agricultural sustainability as well as their nutritional and health benefits. Heat stress imposes challenges for legume crops and has deleterious effects on the morphology, physiology, and reproductive growth of plants. High-temperature stress at the time of the reproductive stage is becoming a severe limitation for production of grain legumes as their cultivation expands to warmer environments and temperature variability increases due to climate change. The reproductive period is vital in the life cycle of all plants and is susceptible to high-temperature stress as various metabolic processes are adversely impacted during this phase, which reduces crop yield. Food legumes exposed to high-temperature stress during reproduction show flower abortion, pollen and ovule infertility, impaired fertilization, and reduced seed filling, leading to smaller seeds and poor yields. Through various breeding techniques, heat tolerance in major legumes can be enhanced to improve performance in the field. Omics approaches unravel different mechanisms underlying thermotolerance, which is imperative to understand the processes of molecular responses toward high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sita
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - P V Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Pooran M Gaur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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30
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Zahid KR, Ali F, Shah F, Younas M, Shah T, Shahwar D, Hassan W, Ahmad Z, Qi C, Lu Y, Iqbal A, Wu W. Response and Tolerance Mechanism of Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. to Elevated Temperature Stress: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:937. [PMID: 27446165 PMCID: PMC4927942 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is an important multipurpose crop which is highly sensitive to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Proper management of this cash crop requires systematic understanding of various environmental conditions that are vital to yield and quality. High temperature stress can severely affect the viability of pollens and anther indehiscence, which leads to significant yield losses. Cotton can respond to withstand adverse environmental condition in several phases among which the accumulation of chemicals is extremely vital. Calcium, kinases, reactive oxygen species, carbohydrate, transcription factors, gene expression regulation, and plant hormones signaling pathways are playing a handy role in activating the major genes responsible to encounter and defend elevated temperature stress. The production of heat shock proteins is up-regulated when crops are unleashed to high temperature stress. Molecular breeding can play a functional role to identify superior genes for all the important attributes as well as provide breeder ready markers for developing ideotypes. The development of high-temperature resistant transgenic cultivars of cotton can grant a stability benefit and can also ameliorate the production capacity in response to elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Rafiq Zahid
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Farhan Ali
- Cereal Crops Research InstitutePirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Shah
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanKhyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younas
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic UniversityAzad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Shah
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Durri Shahwar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of SwabiKhyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of AgricultureMultan, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjian Sichuan, China
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanKhyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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31
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Zinta G, Khan A, AbdElgawad H, Verma V, Srivastava AK. Unveiling the Redox Control of Plant Reproductive Development during Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:700. [PMID: 27379102 PMCID: PMC4909749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile in nature are often challenged to various abiotic stresses including temperature fluctuations, water supply, salinity, and nutrient availability. Exposure of plants to such environmental perturbations result in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. To scavenge ROS, enzymatic and molecular antioxidants are produced at a cellular level. ROS act as a signaling entity at lower concentrations maintaining normal growth and development, but if their levels increase beyond certain threshold, they produce toxic effects in plants. Some developmental stages, such as development of reproductive organs are more sensitive to abiotic stress than other stages of growth. As success of plant reproductive development is directly correlated with grain yield, stresses coinciding with reproductive phase results in the higher yield losses. In this article, we summarize the redox control of plant reproductive development, and elaborate how redox homeostasis is compromised during abiotic stress exposure. We highlight why more emphasis should be given to understand redox control of plant reproductive organ development during abiotic stress exposure96to engineer crops with better crop yield. We specifically discuss the role of ROS as a signaling molecule and its cross-talk with other signaling molecules such as hormones and sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Zinta
- Centre of Excellence Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Gaurav Zinta
| | - Asif Khan
- Research Group Germline Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- Asif Khan
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-SuefBeni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Vipasha Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and ForestrySolan, India
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32
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Song G, Wang M, Zeng B, Zhang J, Jiang C, Hu Q, Geng G, Tang C. Anther response to high-temperature stress during development and pollen thermotolerance heterosis as revealed by pollen tube growth and in vitro pollen vigor analysis in upland cotton. PLANTA 2015; 241:1271-85. [PMID: 25672505 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth in styles was strongly inhibited by temperature above 35 °C, and the yield of cotton decreased because of the adverse effect of high temperatures during square development. High-temperature stress during flowering influences the square development of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and cotton yield. Although it is well known that square development is sensitive to high temperature, high-temperature sensitive stages of square development and the effects of high temperature on pollen tube growth in the styles are unknown. The effect of high temperature on anther development corresponding to pollen vigor is unknown during anther development. The objectives of this study were to identify the stages of square development that are sensitive to high temperatures (37/30 and 40/34 °C), to determine whether the abnormal development of squares influenced by high temperature is responsible for the variation in the in vitro germination percent of pollen grains at anthesis, to identify the effect of high temperature on pollen germination in the styles, and to determine pollen thermotolerance heterosis. Our results show that the stages from the sporogenous cell to tetrad stage (square length <6.0 mm) were the most sensitive to high temperature, and the corresponding pollen viability at anthesis was consistent with the changes in the square development stage. Pollen tube growth in the styles was strongly inhibited by temperature above 35 °C, and the yield of cotton decreased because of the effect of high temperature during square development. The thermotolerance of hybrid F1 pollen showed heterosis, and pollen viability could be used as a criterion for screening for high-temperature tolerance cultivars. These results can be used in breeding to develop new cotton cultivars that can withstand high-temperature conditions, particularly in a future warmer climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guicheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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33
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Burke JJ, Chen J. Enhancement of reproductive heat tolerance in plants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122933. [PMID: 25849955 PMCID: PMC4388472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparison of average crop yields with reported record yields has shown that major crops exhibit annual average yields three- to seven-fold lower than record yields because of unfavorable environments. The current study investigated the enhancement of pollen heat tolerance through expressing an Arabidopsis thaliana heat shock protein 101 (AtHSP101) that is not normally expressed in pollen but reported to play a crucial role in vegetative thermotolerance. The AtHSP101 construct under the control of the constitutive ocs/mas 'superpromoter' was transformed into cotton Coker 312 and tobacco SRI lines via Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Thermotolerance of pollen was evaluated by in vitro pollen germination studies. Comparing with those of wild type and transgenic null lines, pollen from AtHSP101 transgenic tobacco and cotton lines exhibited significantly higher germination rate and much greater pollen tube elongation under elevated temperatures or after a heat exposure. In addition, significant increases in boll set and seed numbers were also observed in transgenic cotton lines exposed to elevated day and night temperatures in both greenhouse and field studies. The results of this study suggest that enhancing heat tolerance of reproductive tissues in plant holds promise in the development of crops with improved yield production and yield sustainability in unfavorable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Burke
- USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, 3810 4 Street, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Junping Chen
- USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, 3810 4 Street, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
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Mathieu AS, Lutts S, Vandoorne B, Descamps C, Périlleux C, Dielen V, Van Herck JC, Quinet M. High temperatures limit plant growth but hasten flowering in root chicory (Cichorium intybus) independently of vernalisation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:109-18. [PMID: 24331425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An increase in mean and extreme summer temperatures is expected as a consequence of climate changes and this might have an impact on plant development in numerous species. Root chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a major crop in northern Europe, and it is cultivated as a source of inulin. This polysaccharide is stored in the tap root during the first growing season when the plant grows as a leafy rosette, whereas bolting and flowering occur in the second year after winter vernalisation. The impact of heat stress on plant phenology, water status, photosynthesis-related parameters, and inulin content was studied in the field and under controlled phytotron conditions. In the field, plants of the Crescendo cultivar were cultivated under a closed plastic-panelled greenhouse to investigate heat-stress conditions, while the control plants were shielded with a similar, but open, structure. In the phytotrons, the Crescendo and Fredonia cultivars were exposed to high temperatures (35°C day/28°C night) and compared to control conditions (17°C) over 10 weeks. In the field, heat reduced the root weight, the inulin content of the root and its degree of polymerisation in non-bolting plants. Flowering was observed in 12% of the heat stressed plants during the first growing season in the field. In the phytotron, the heat stress increased the total number of leaves per plant, but reduced the mean leaf area. Photosynthesis efficiency was increased in these plants, whereas osmotic potential was decreased. High temperature was also found to induced flowering of up to 50% of these plants, especially for the Fredonia cultivar. In conclusion, high temperatures induced a reduction in the growth of root chicory, although photosynthesis is not affected. Flowering was also induced, which indicates that high temperatures can partly substitute for the vernalisation requirement for the flowering of root chicory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Mathieu
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (bte L7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (bte L7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Vandoorne
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (bte L7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christophe Descamps
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (bte L7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Claire Périlleux
- Université de Liège, Département des Sciences de la Vie PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, 27 Boulevard du Rectorat (Bât 22), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Dielen
- Chicoline - Research and Chicory Breeding, S.A. Warcoing, rue de la Sucrerie 2, B-7740 Warcoing, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Van Herck
- Chicoline - Research and Chicory Breeding, S.A. Warcoing, rue de la Sucrerie 2, B-7740 Warcoing, Belgium
| | - Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (bte L7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Lora J, Herrero M, Hormaza JI. Pollen performance, cell number, and physiological state in the early-divergent angiosperm Annona cherimola Mill. (Annonaceae) are related to environmental conditions during the final stages of pollen development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 25:157-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00497-012-0187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Snider JL, Oosterhuis DM, Loka DA, Kawakami EM. High temperature limits in vivo pollen tube growth rates by altering diurnal carbohydrate balance in field-grown Gossypium hirsutum pistils. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1168-75. [PMID: 21256621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been reported that high temperature slows in vivo pollen tube growth rates in Gossypium hirsutum pistils under field conditions. Although numerous physical and biochemical pollen-pistil interactions are necessary for in vivo pollen tube growth to occur, studies investigating the influence of heat-induced changes in pistil biochemistry on in vivo pollen tube growth rates are lacking. We hypothesized that high temperature would alter diurnal pistil biochemistry and that pollen tube growth rates would be dependent upon the soluble carbohydrate content of the pistil during pollen tube growth. G. hirsutum seeds were sown on different dates to obtain flowers exposed to contrasting ambient temperatures but at the same developmental stage. Diurnal pistil measurements included carbohydrate balance, glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.8.1.7), soluble protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), NADPH oxidase (NOX; EC 1.6.3.1), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and water-soluble calcium. Soluble carbohydrate levels in cotton pistils were as much as 67.5% lower under high temperature conditions (34.6 °C maximum air temperature; August 4, 2009) than under cooler conditions (29.9 °C maximum air temperature; August 14, 2009). Regression analysis revealed that pollen tube growth rates were highly correlated with the soluble carbohydrate content of the pistil during pollen tube growth (r² = 0.932). Higher ambient temperature conditions on August 4 increased GR activity in the pistil only during periods not associated with in vivo pollen tube growth; pistil protein content declined earlier in the day under high temperatures; SOD and NOX were unaffected by either sample date or time of day; pistil ATP and water soluble calcium were unaffected by the warmer temperatures. We conclude that moderate heat stress significantly alters diurnal carbohydrate balance in the pistil and suggest that pollen tube growth rate through the style may be limited by soluble carbohydrate supply in the pistil.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Snider
- Dale Bumpers Small Farm Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 6883 South State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927, USA.
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Snider JL, Oosterhuis DM. How does timing, duration and severity of heat stress influence pollen-pistil interactions in angiosperms? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:930-3. [PMID: 21628998 PMCID: PMC3257764 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.7.15315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive development in sexual plants is substantially more sensitive to high temperature stress than vegetative development, resulting in negative implications for food and fiber production under the moderate temperature increases projected to result from global climate change. High temperature exposure either during early pollen development or during the progamic phase of pollen development will negatively impact pollen performance and reproductive output; both phases of pollen development are considered exceptionally sensitive to moderate heat stress. However, moderately elevated temperatures either before or during the progamic phase can limit fertilization by negatively impacting important pollen pistil interactions required for successful pollen tube growth toward the ovules. This minireview identifies the impacts of heat stress on pollen-pistil interactions and sexual reproduction in angiosperms. A special emphasis is placed on the biochemical response of the pistil to moderately high temperature and the resultant influence on in vivo pollen performance and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Snider
- USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR, USA.
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Snider JL, Oosterhuis DM, Kawakami EM. Diurnal pollen tube growth rate is slowed by high temperature in field-grown Gossypium hirsutum pistils. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:441-8. [PMID: 20832140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
For Gossypium hirsutum pollination, germination, and pollen tube growth must occur in a highly concerted fashion on the day of flowering for fertilization to occur. Because reproductive success could be influenced by the photosynthetic activity of major source leaves, we hypothesized that increased temperatures under field conditions would limit fertilization by inhibiting diurnal pollen tube growth through the style and decreasing subtending leaf photosynthesis. To address this hypothesis, G. hirsutum seeds were sown on different dates to obtain flowers exposed to contrasting ambient temperatures while at the same developmental stage (node 8 above the cotyledons). Collection and measurement were conducted at 06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, and 18:00h on August 4 (34.6°C maximum air temperature) and 14, 2009 (29.9°C maximum air temperature). Microclimate measurements included photosynthetically active radiation, relative humidity, and air temperature. Pistil measurements included pistil surface temperature, pollen germination, pollen tube growth through the style, fertilization efficiency, fertilized ovule number, and total number of ovules per ovary. Subtending leaf measurements included leaf temperature, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance. Under high temperatures the first measurable pollen tube growth through the style was observed earlier in the day (12:00h) than under cooler conditions (15:00h). Also, high temperature resulted in slower pollen tube growth through the style (2.05mmh(-1)) relative to cooler conditions (3.35mmh(-1)), but there were no differences in fertilization efficiency, number of fertilized ovules, or ovule number. There was no effect of sampling date on diurnal photosynthetic patterns, where the maximum photosynthetic rate was observed at 12:00h on both dates. It is concluded that, of the measured physiological and reproductive processes, pollen tube growth rate showed the greatest sensitivity to high temperature under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Snider
- USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Research Center, 6883 South State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927, USA.
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Zinn KE, Tunc-Ozdemir M, Harper JF. Temperature stress and plant sexual reproduction: uncovering the weakest links. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:1959-68. [PMID: 20351019 PMCID: PMC2917059 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive (gametophytic) phase in flowering plants is often highly sensitive to hot or cold temperature stresses, with even a single hot day or cold night sometimes being fatal to reproductive success. This review describes studies of temperature stress on several crop plants, which suggest that pollen development and fertilization may often be the most sensitive reproductive stage. Transcriptome and proteomic studies on several plant species are beginning to identify stress response pathways that function during pollen development. An example is provided here of genotypic differences in the reproductive stress tolerance between two ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia (Col) and Hilversum (Hi-0), when reproducing under conditions of hot days and cold nights. Hi-0 exhibited a more severe reduction in seed set, correlated with a reduction in pollen tube growth potential and tropism defects. Hi-0 thus provides an Arabidopsis model to investigate strategies for improved stress tolerance in pollen. Understanding how different plants cope with stress during reproductive development offers the potential to identify genetic traits that could be manipulated to improve temperature tolerance in selected crop species being cultivated in marginal climates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey F. Harper
- Biochemistry Department MS200, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Snider JL, Oosterhuis DM, Kawakami EM. Genotypic differences in thermotolerance are dependent upon prestress capacity for antioxidant protection of the photosynthetic apparatus in Gossypium hirsutum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2010; 138:268-77. [PMID: 20002327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have illustrated the need for antioxidant enzymes in acquired photosynthetic thermotolerance, but information on their possible role in promoting innate thermotolerance is lacking. We investigated the hypothesis that genotypic differences in source leaf photosynthetic thermostability would be dependent upon prestress capacity for antioxidant protection of the photosynthetic apparatus in Gossypium hirsutum. To test this hypothesis, thermosensitive (cv. ST4554) and reportedly thermotolerant (cv. VH260) G. hirsutum plants were exposed to control (30/20 degrees C) or high-day temperature (38/20 degrees C) conditions during flowering and source leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency (F(v)/F(m)) were measured for each treatment. The relationship between source leaf thermostability and prestress antioxidant capacity was quantified by monitoring the actual quantum yield response of photosystem II (PSII) (Phi(PSII)) to a range of temperatures for both cultivars grown under the control temperature regime and measuring antioxidant enzyme activity for those same leaves. VH260 was more thermotolerant than ST4554 as evidenced by photosynthesis and F(v)/F(m) being significantly lower under high temperature for ST4554 but not VH260. Under identical growth conditions, VH260 had significantly higher optimal and threshold temperatures for Phi(PSII) and glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.8.1.7) activity than ST4554, and innate threshold temperature was dependent upon endogenous GR and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) activity. We conclude that maintaining a sufficient antioxidant enzyme pool prior to heat stress is an innate mechanism for coping with rapid leaf temperature increases that commonly occur under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Snider
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
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