1
|
Liu J, Khan S, Hu Y, Yin L, Huang J. Physiological mechanisms of exogenous organic acids to alleviate aluminum toxicity in seedlings of mungbean, buckwheat, and rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108031. [PMID: 37734270 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the major constraints for crop yield in acidic soils is the phytotoxicity of aluminum ions (Al3+), which primarily affects the roots. To mitigate the harmful effects of Al toxicity, plants use organic acids to chelate Al internally and externally. In this study, the effects of exogenous organic acids on Al toxicity in rice, mung bean, and buckwheat were investigated. Specifically, the study examined the ameliorative effect of three organic acids (oxalic acid, malic acid, and citric acid, each at a concentration of (100 μmol/L) on root elongation, fresh weight, Al content, organic acid key enzymes, and rhizosphere pH in hydroponic media containing (100 μmol/L) Al. The experimental results revealed species-specific responses to aluminum tolerance and the alleviating effects of different organic acids. Buckwheat was found to be the most aluminum-tolerant, followed by mung bean, while rice was the least tolerant. Exogenous application of oxalic acid promoted root elongation, increased root fresh weight, and enhanced the activity of the PEPC enzyme in mung bean. Malic acid, on the other hand, alleviated Al toxicity in rice by promoting root elongation, increasing root fresh weight, enhancing the activity of the PEPC enzyme, and decreasing the activity of the MDH enzyme. In buckwheat, citric acid application reduced Al toxicity by promoting root elongation, increasing root weight, and decreasing the activities of CS and GO enzymes. These findings indicate that different organic acids can reduce Al toxicity in different plant species by employing different physiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Liu
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Liyan Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fang P, Hu Y, Xia W, Wu X, Sun T, Pandey AK, Ning K, Zhu C, Xu P. Transcriptome Dynamics of Common Bean Roots Exposed to Various Heavy Metals Reveal Valuable Target Genes and Promoters for Genetic Engineering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:223-233. [PMID: 36547223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the gene regulatory basis of plant response to heavy metals (HMs) is fundamental for the management of food safety and security. However, a comprehensive and comparative view of the plant responses to different HMs is still lacking. Here, we compared root transcriptomes in common bean under 9 HM treatments at 50 μM for three time points each. Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, and Pb caused most severe morphological and/or biochemical retardations. A total of 448 genes were found to be responsive to all nine HMs, which were mostly involved in photosynthesis, oxidization-reduction, and ion binding. Cd and Cu triggered the greatest number of unique differentially expressed genes (DEG)s, which were predominantly related to cellular transport/localization in the former and RNA binding in the latter. Short-term and prolonged HM treatments shaped very different DEG patterns. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified six co-expression modules showing exceptionally high transcripts abundance in specific HM × time scenarios. We experimentally verified the promoter activity of the gene GIP1 and the novel function of XTH23 under Cu/Cd stress. Collectively, the transcriptomic atlas provides valuable resources for better understanding the common and unique mechanisms of plant response to different HMs and offers a mass of candidate target genes/promoters for genetic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Fang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Yannan Hu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Xia
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Ting Sun
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Arun Kumar Pandey
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Kang Ning
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| | - Pei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang, Hangzhou310018, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abd El-Moneim D, Contreras R, Silva-Navas J, Gallego FJ, Figueiras AM, Benito C. Repression of Mitochondrial Citrate Synthase Genes by Aluminum Stress in Roots of Secale cereale and Brachypodium distachyon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:832981. [PMID: 35463451 PMCID: PMC9021840 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils influences plant development and yield. Almost 50% of arable land is acidic. Plants have evolved a variety of tolerance mechanisms for Al. In response to the presence of Al, various species exudate citrate from their roots. Rye (Secale cereale L.) secretes both citrate and malate, making it one of the most Al-tolerant cereal crops. However, no research has been done on the role of the mitochondrial citrate synthase (mCS) gene in Al-induced stress in the rye. We have isolated an mCS gene, encoding a mitochondrial CS isozyme, in two S. cereale cultivars (Al-tolerant cv. Ailés and Al-sensitive inbred rye line Riodeva; ScCS4 gene) and in two Brachypodium distachyon lines (Al-tolerant ABR8 line and Al-sensitive ABR1 line; BdCS4 gene). Both mCS4 genes have 19 exons and 18 introns. The ScCS4 gene was located on the 6RL rye chromosome arm. Phylogenetic studies using cDNA and protein sequences have shown that the ScCS4 gene and their ScCS protein are orthologous to mCS genes and CS proteins of different Poaceae plants. Expression studies of the ScCS4 and BdSC4 genes show that the amount of their corresponding mRNAs in the roots is higher than that in the leaves and that the amounts of mRNAs in plants treated and not treated with Al were higher in the Al-tolerant lines than that in the Al-sensitive lines of both species. In addition, the levels of ScCS4 and BdCS4 mRNAs were reduced in response to Al (repressive behavior) in the roots of the tolerant and sensitive lines of S. cereale and B. distachyon.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen W, Tang L, Wang J, Zhu H, Jin J, Yang J, Fan W. Research Advances in the Mutual Mechanisms Regulating Response of Plant Roots to Phosphate Deficiency and Aluminum Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031137. [PMID: 35163057 PMCID: PMC8835462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low phosphate (Pi) availability and high aluminum (Al) toxicity constitute two major plant mineral nutritional stressors that limit plant productivity on acidic soils. Advances toward the identification of genes and signaling networks that are involved in both stresses in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa), and in other plants as well have revealed that some factors such as organic acids (OAs), cell wall properties, phytohormones, and iron (Fe) homeostasis are interconnected with each other. Moreover, OAs are involved in recruiting of many plant-growth-promoting bacteria that are able to secrete both OAs and phosphatases to increase Pi availability and decrease Al toxicity. In this review paper, we summarize these mutual mechanisms by which plants deal with both Al toxicity and P starvation, with emphasis on OA secretion regulation, plant-growth-promoting bacteria, transcription factors, transporters, hormones, and cell wall-related kinases in the context of root development and root system architecture remodeling that plays a determinant role in improving P use efficiency and Al resistance on acidic soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Li Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Jiayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Huihui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Jianfeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Jianli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (W.F.); Tel.: +86-871-6522-7681 (W.F.); Fax: +86-571-8820-6438 (J.Y.)
| | - Wei Fan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (W.F.); Tel.: +86-871-6522-7681 (W.F.); Fax: +86-571-8820-6438 (J.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cultivar Differences in the Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Common Beans to Aluminum Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102097. [PMID: 34685906 PMCID: PMC8539156 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil conditions leading to high levels of available aluminum are detrimental to plant growth, but data are limited on genotypic differences in tolerance to aluminum stress in some crops. The aim of this study was to examine the morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes in roots and shoots of 25 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars (Pinto market class) under aluminum (Al) treatment. Additionally, this study aimed to assess the range of responses amongst the common bean cultivars relative to their Al toxicity tolerance and sensitivity. Plants were grown hydroponically using a simplified nutrient solution with or without 20 µM AlCl3. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were measured to establish the effects of Al treatment on the plants. In addition, growth parameters such as shoot and root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, root elongation, and root volume changes were also investigated. The cultivar effect was significant for all the measured parameters, except for shoot dry weight. Inhibition of the root and shoot dry weight for selected common bean cultivars shows that the response of common bean to Al stress is genotype-specific. Additionally, Al-induced root elongation inhibition and root volume changes varied among the cultivars. Most cultivars had significantly higher SOD activity (20 of 25 cultivars) and POD activity (12 cultivars) under AlCl3 treatment compared to the controls. A positive significant correlation was observed between MDA and ROS, showing that Al stress induced the accumulation of ROS along with an increase in lipid peroxidation. According to the results of this study, Arapaho and AC Island cultivars could potentially be used in the future production of common beans under Al stress. Therefore, these two cultivars could also be included in Al tolerance breeding programs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh CK, Singh D, Sharma S, Chandra S, Taunk J, Konjengbam NS, Singh D, Kumar A, Upadhyaya KC, Pal M. Morpho-physiological characterization coupled with expressional accord of exclusion mechanism in wild and cultivated lentil under aluminum stress. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1029-1045. [PMID: 33598755 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum stress deteriorates lentil production under acidic soils. Enhanced insight into Al tolerance traits is needed to improve its productivity. Therefore, Al-resistant (L-4602, PAL-8) and Al-sensitive (BM-4, EC-223229) cultivars along with a resistant wild (ILWL-15) were characterized for morpho-physiological traits viz. seedling root architecture (SRA), Al accumulation, and localization via fluorescent and non-fluorescent staining under control and Al-treated conditions. Also, antioxidant activities and organic acid secretion were quantified, and expressions of 10 associated genes were analyzed. Roots of Al-resistant cultivars and wild genotype showed higher root growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, and organic acid secretion than Al-sensitive ones. Among these traits, higher organic acid secretion was influenced by enhanced expression of genes, especially-aluminum sensitive-3 (ALS 3), aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE), citrate synthase (CS), and phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)-which helped in reducing Al and callose accumulation. These genes were located on lentil chromosomes via sequence alignment with lentil draft genome. A strong link between morpho-physiological variation and organic acid secretion was noted which reinforced the prominence of exclusion mechanism. It was complemented by enhanced antioxidant activities at seedling stage which mitigated Al stress effects on SRA. Wild outperformed over cultivars indicating its impregnable evolution which can be exploited to better understand tolerance mechanisms. Al-resistant cultivars had significantly higher seed yield than Al-sensitive and national checks on Al-toxic fields, confirming-tolerance is sustained till reproductive stage in lentil. This study elucidated role of gene families in eliminating Al toxicity that will assist breeders to formulate strategies for developing Al-resistant cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Shristi Sharma
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shivani Chandra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Taunk
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Noren Singh Konjengbam
- College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, (Central Agricultural University - Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Deepti Singh
- Depatment of Botany, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- National Phytotron Facility, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - K C Upadhyaya
- INSA Senior Scientist, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Chen H, Liang Y, Lu T, Liu Z, Jin X, Hou L, Xu J, Zhao H, Shi Y, Ahammed GJ. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the protective effects of silicon against low phosphorus stress in tomato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:78-87. [PMID: 34090123 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient controlling plant growth and development through the regulation of basic metabolic processes. Soil P deficiency is one of the major limiting factors for sustainable crop production worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that silicon (Si), as a beneficial element, promotes plant nutrition, growth, development, and responses to low P (LP) stress; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying Si-mediated LP tolerance remain largely unclear. Here, we found that LP + Si treatment increased the net photosynthetic rate and shoot fresh weight by 34.3%, and 121.3%, respectively compared with LP alone. RNA-sequencing and metabolomic analyses were subsequently performed with tomato plants grown under control and P depleted conditions with or without Si amendment. RNA-sequencing showed that Si supply alters not only the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and P but also phosphorylation processes and metabolism of glutathione and reactive active oxygen in tomato roots. Si also affected the expression of genes encoding major transcription factors such as WRKY and MYB under LP stress. Moreover, a set of genes encoding the enzymes or regulators of organic acid (OA) metabolism or secretion were differentially expressed in Si-treated P deficient roots compared with those in LP stress alone. Furthermore, the metabolomic analysis showed that the levels of several OAs were significantly elevated in Si-treated P deficient roots. Taken together, these results indicate that exogenous Si increases the secretion of OAs by modulating C/N metabolism in LP-treated tomato roots and thereby improving plant growth under LP stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoting Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Liu
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Xiu Jin
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Leiping Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh CK, Singh D, Sharma S, Chandra S, Tomar RSS, Kumar A, Upadhyaya KC, Pal M. Mechanistic Association of Quantitative Trait Locus with Malate Secretion in Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus) Seedlings under Aluminium Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081541. [PMID: 34451586 PMCID: PMC8400473 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity acts as a major delimiting factor in the productivity of many crops including lentil. To alleviate its effect, plants have evolved with Al exclusion and inclusion mechanisms. The former involves the exudation of organic acid to restrict the entry of Al3+ to the root cells while latter involves detoxification of entered Al3+ by organic acids. Al-induced secretion of organic acids from roots is a well-documented mechanism that chelates and neutralizes Al3+ toxicity. In this study, F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between L-7903 (Al-resistant) and BM-4 (Al-sensitive) were phenotyped to assess variation in secretion levels of malate and was combined with genotypic data obtained from 10 Al-resistance linked simple sequence repeat (SSRs) markers. A major quantitative trait loci (QTL) was mapped for malate (qAlt_ma) secretion with a logarithm of odd (LOD) value of 7.7 and phenotypic variation of 60.2%.Validated SSRs associated with this major QTL will be useful in marker assisted selection programmes for improving Al resistance in lentil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (C.K.S.); (S.S.)
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (C.K.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (M.P.); Tel.: +91-7011180774 (D.S.); +91-9868783354 (M.P.)
| | - Shristi Sharma
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (C.K.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Shivani Chandra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Ram Sewak Singh Tomar
- ICAR-National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Arun Kumar
- National Phytotron Facility, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - K. C. Upadhyaya
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (M.P.); Tel.: +91-7011180774 (D.S.); +91-9868783354 (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ambachew D, Blair MW. Genome Wide Association Mapping of Root Traits in the Andean Genepool of Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Grown With and Without Aluminum Toxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:628687. [PMID: 34249030 PMCID: PMC8269929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.628687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Common bean is one of the most important grain legumes for human diets but is produced on marginal lands with unfavorable soil conditions; among which Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a serious and widespread problem. Under low pH, stable forms of Al dissolve into the soil solution and as phytotoxic ions inhibit the growth and function of roots through injury to the root apex. This results in a smaller root system that detrimentally effects yield. The goal of this study was to evaluate 227 genotypes from an Andean diversity panel (ADP) of common bean and determine the level of Al toxicity tolerance and candidate genes for this abiotic stress tolerance through root trait analysis and marker association studies. Plants were grown as seedlings in hydroponic tanks at a pH of 4.5 with a treatment of high Al concentration (50 μM) compared to a control (0 μM). The roots were harvested and scanned to determine average root diameter, root volume, root surface area, number of root links, number of root tips, and total root length. Percent reduction or increase was calculated for each trait by comparing treatments. Genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted by testing phenotypic data against single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker genotyping data for the panel. Principal components and a kinship matrix were included in the mixed linear model to correct for population structure. Analyses of variance indicated the presence of significant difference between genotypes. The heritability of traits ranged from 0.67 to 0.92 in Al-treated and reached similar values in non-treated plants. GWAS revealed significant associations between root traits and genetic markers on chromosomes Pv01, Pv04, Pv05, Pv06, and Pv11 with some SNPs contributing to more than one trait. Candidate genes near these loci were analyzed to explain the detected association and included an Al activated malate transporter gene and a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion gene. This study showed that polygenic inheritance was critical to aluminum toxicity tolerance in common beans roots. Candidate genes found suggested that exudation of malate and citrate as organic acids would be important for Al tolerance. Possible cross-talk between mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and resistance to other abiotic stresses are discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hug S, Liu Y, Heiniger B, Bailly A, Ahrens CH, Eberl L, Pessi G. Differential Expression of Paraburkholderia phymatum Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SS) Suggests a Role of T6SS-b in Early Symbiotic Interaction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:699590. [PMID: 34394152 PMCID: PMC8356804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Paraburkholderia phymatum STM815, a rhizobial strain of the Burkholderiaceae family, is able to nodulate a broad range of legumes including the agriculturally important Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). P. phymatum harbors two type VI Secretion Systems (T6SS-b and T6SS-3) in its genome that contribute to its high interbacterial competitiveness in vitro and in infecting the roots of several legumes. In this study, we show that P. phymatum T6SS-b is found in the genomes of several soil-dwelling plant symbionts and that its expression is induced by the presence of citrate and is higher at 20/28°C compared to 37°C. Conversely, T6SS-3 shows homologies to T6SS clusters found in several pathogenic Burkholderia strains, is more prominently expressed with succinate during stationary phase and at 37°C. In addition, T6SS-b expression was activated in the presence of germinated seeds as well as in P. vulgaris and Mimosa pudica root nodules. Phenotypic analysis of selected deletion mutant strains suggested a role of T6SS-b in motility but not at later stages of the interaction with legumes. In contrast, the T6SS-3 mutant was not affected in any of the free-living and symbiotic phenotypes examined. Thus, P. phymatum T6SS-b is potentially important for the early infection step in the symbiosis with legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hug
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yilei Liu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Heiniger
- Agroscope, Research Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Bailly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian H. Ahrens
- Agroscope, Research Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Pessi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Gabriella Pessi,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The soils in the common bean-producing regions (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Brazil are usually acid and conta\y66\yin toxic levels of aluminum (Al) for plants. This ion causes yield losses by inhibiting root cell expansion, thus reducing water and nutrient uptake. This study investigates the optimal Al concentration for the screening of genotypes in hydroponics cultivation and tries to identify cultivars and lines for cultivation in Al-toxic soils. The study consisted of two series of experiments. In the first one, four cultivars were evaluated at five Al concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ppm) and in the second, four independent tests were carried out (1-carioca, 2-black, 3-red, and 4-white), each with seven genotypes and two Al concentrations (0 and 4 ppm). The optimized concentration of Al in the first stage was 4 ppm, which allowed the early identification of genotypes with less affected development under Al toxicity in the second stage. The common bean cultivars IPR Quero-Quero (carioca group), BRS Esplendor (black group), KID 44 (red group), and WLine 5 (white group) may be indicated for cultivation under Al toxicity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu W, Xu F, Lv T, Zhou W, Chen Y, Jin C, Lu L, Lin X. Spatial responses of antioxidative system to aluminum stress in roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:462-469. [PMID: 29426169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity associated with acid soils represents one of the biggest limitations to crop production worldwide. The root apex of plants is the major perception site of Al toxicity. In Al stressed wheat primary roots, Al accumulation and loss of plasma membrane integrity were highest in the root apex (0-5mm), and decreased along the root axis (5-25mm). To further understand these responses in wheat, spatial profiles of antioxidant responses to Al along the 0-25mm root tip of two wheat genotypes differing in Al tolerance were analyzed. Under Al stress, the lowest root elongation was in the 0-5mm root tip, and more severe inhibition was observed in Al-sensitive genotype than Al-tolerant genotype. The highest increase of Al and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was in the 0-5mm zone, with the most pronounced increase of malondialdehyde content and Evans blue uptake after Al exposure, especially in Al-sensitive genotype. The activities of superoxides dismutase (SOD), ascrobate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) and levels of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, dehydroascorbate, glutathione disulfide) were significantly increased along the root tip under Al stress, with the 0-5mm region again being the most active zone. In the same zone, the activities of CAT, APX and contents of antioxidants were higher in Al-tolerant genotype while SOD and POD activities were lower. Our results indicate that Al-induced changes in H2O2 production and antioxidative system in root tip are regulated in a spatially-specific manner, suggesting that this response may play an important role in wheat adaptation to Al toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- MoEKey Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fangjie Xu
- MoEKey Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ting Lv
- MoEKey Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- MoEKey Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- MoEKey Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MoEKey Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MoEKey Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MoEKey Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Overexpression of B11 Gene in Transgenic Rice Increased Tolerance to Aluminum Stress. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjb.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
14
|
Zhou Y, Yang Z, Xu Y, Sun H, Sun Z, Lin B, Sun W, You J. Soybean NADP-Malic Enzyme Functions in Malate and Citrate Metabolism and Contributes to Their Efflux under Al Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2246. [PMID: 29367856 PMCID: PMC5767732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Malate accumulation has been suggested to balance Al-induced citrate synthesis and efflux in soybean roots. To test this hypothesis, characteristics of Al-induced accumulation and efflux of citrate and malate were compared between two soybean genotypes combining a functional analysis of GmME1 putatively encode a cytosolic NADP-malic enzyme. Similar amounts of citrate were released, and root elongation was equally inhibited before 8 h of Al treatment of Jiyu 70 and Jiyu 62 cultivars. Jiyu 70 began to secrete more citrate and exhibited higher Al resistance than did Jiyu 62 at 12 h. A sustained increase in internal malate and citrate concentrations was observed in Jiyu 70 at 24 h of Al treatment. However, Jiyu 62 decreased its malate concentration at 12 h and its citrate concentration at 24 h of Al treatment. GmME1 localized to the cytoplast and clustered closely with cytosolic malic enzymes AtME2 and SgME1 and was constitutively expressed in the roots. Al treatment induced higher NADP-malic enzyme activities and GmME1 expression levels in Jiyu 70 than in Jiyu 62 within 24 h. Compared with wild-type hairy roots, over-expressing GmME1 in hairy roots (GmME1-OE) produced higher expression levels of GmME1 but did not change the expression patterns of either of the putative citrate transporter genes GmAACT1 and GmFRDL or the malate transporter gene GmALMT1, with or without Al treatment. GmME1-OE showed a higher internal concentration and external efflux of both citrate and malate at 4 h of Al stress. Lighter hematoxylin staining and lower Al contents in root apices of GmME1-OE hairy roots indicated greater Al resistance. Comprehensive experimental results suggest that sustaining Al-induced citrate efflux depends on the malate pool in soybean root apices. GmME1 encodes a cytosolic malic enzyme that contributes to increased internal malate and citrate concentrations and their external efflux to confer higher Al resistance.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen ZC, Liao H. Organic acid anions: An effective defensive weapon for plants against aluminum toxicity and phosphorus deficiency in acidic soils. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:631-638. [PMID: 27890545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity and phosphorous (P) deficiency are two major limiting factors for plant growth on acidic soils. Thus, the physiological mechanisms for Al tolerance and P acquisition have been intensively studied. A commonly observed trait is that plants have developed the ability to utilize organic acid anions (OAs; mainly malate, citrate and oxalate) to combat Al toxicity and P deficiency. OAs secreted by roots into the rhizosphere can externally chelate Al3+ and mobilize phosphate (Pi), while OAs synthesized in the cell can internally sequester Al3+ into the vacuole and release free Pi for metabolism. Molecular mechanisms involved in OA synthesis and transport have been described in detail. Ensuing genetic improvement for Al tolerance and P efficiency through increased OA exudation and/or synthesis in crops has been achieved by transgenic and marker-assisted breeding. This review mainly elucidates the crucial roles of OAs in plant Al tolerance and P efficiency through summarizing associated physiological mechanisms, molecular traits and genetic manipulation of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chang Chen
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rao IM, Miles JW, Beebe SE, Horst WJ. Root adaptations to soils with low fertility and aluminium toxicity. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:593-605. [PMID: 27255099 PMCID: PMC5055624 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Plants depend on their root systems to acquire the water and nutrients necessary for their survival in nature, and for their yield and nutritional quality in agriculture. Root systems are complex and a variety of root phenes have been identified as contributors to adaptation to soils with low fertility and aluminium (Al) toxicity. Phenotypic characterization of root adaptations to infertile soils is enabling plant breeders to develop improved cultivars that not only yield more, but also contribute to yield stability and nutritional security in the face of climate variability. Scope In this review the adaptive responses of root systems to soils with low fertility and Al toxicity are described. After a brief introduction, the purpose and focus of the review are outlined. This is followed by a description of the adaptive responses of roots to low supply of mineral nutrients [with an emphasis on low availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and on toxic levels of Al]. We describe progress in developing germplasm adapted to soils with low fertility or Al toxicity using selected examples from ongoing breeding programmes on food (maize, common bean) and forage/feed (Brachiaria spp.) crops. A number of root architectural, morphological, anatomical and metabolic phenes contribute to the superior performance and yield on soils with low fertility and Al toxicity. Major advances have been made in identifying root phenes in improving adaptation to low N (maize), low P (common bean) or high Al [maize, common bean, species and hybrids of brachiariagrass, bulbous canarygrass (Phalaris aquatica) and lucerne (Medicago sativa)]. Conclusions Advanced root phenotyping tools will allow dissection of root responses into specific root phenes that will aid both conventional and molecular breeders to develop superior cultivars. These new cultivars will play a key role in sustainable intensification of crop-livestock systems, particularly in smallholder systems of the tropics. Development of these new cultivars adapted to soils with low fertility and Al toxicity is needed to improve global food and nutritional security and environmental sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idupulapati M. Rao
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), A. A. 6713, Cali, Colombia and
| | - John W. Miles
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), A. A. 6713, Cali, Colombia and
| | - Stephen E. Beebe
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), A. A. 6713, Cali, Colombia and
| | - Walter J. Horst
- Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma M, Sharma V, Tripathi BN. Rapid activation of catalase followed by citrate efflux effectively improves aluminum tolerance in the roots of chick pea (Cicer arietinum). PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:709-718. [PMID: 26615604 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the comparative response of two contrasting genotypes (aluminum (Al) tolerant and Al sensitive) of chick pea (Cicer arietinum) against Al stress. The Al-tolerant genotype (RSG 974) showed lesser inhibition of root growth as well as lower oxidative damages, measured in terms of the accumulation of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation compared to the Al-sensitive genotype (RSG 945). The accumulation of Al by roots of both genotypes was almost equal at 96 and 144 h after Al treatment; however, it was higher in Al-tolerant than Al-sensitive genotype at 48 h after Al treatment. Further, the Al-mediated induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in Al-tolerant than Al-sensitive genotype. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was almost similar in both genotypes. Al treatment promptly activated catalase activity in Al-tolerant genotype, and it was remarkably higher than that of Al-sensitive genotype. As another important Al detoxification mechanism, citrate efflux was almost equal in both genotypes except at 1000 μM Al treatment for 96 and 144 h. Further, citrate carrier and anion channel inhibitor experiment confirmed the contribution of citrate efflux in conferring Al tolerance in Al-tolerant genotype. Based on the available data, the present study concludes that rapid activation of catalase (also SOD) activity followed by citrate efflux effectively improves Al tolerance in chick pea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manorma Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India.
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
- Academy of Innovative Research, Bemawal (Ambedkarnagar), 224181, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cheng G, Wang L, Lan H. Cloning of PEPC-1 from a C4 halophyte Suaeda aralocaspica without Kranz anatomy and its recombinant enzymatic activity in responses to abiotic stresses. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 83:57-67. [PMID: 26777251 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a key enzyme of C4 photosynthetic pathway and plays an important biochemical role in higher plants and micro organisms. To gain understanding of the role of PEPC in stress adaptation in plant, we cloned PEPC gene from Suaeda aralocaspica, a C4 species without Kranz anatomy, and performed a series of experiments with PEPC gene expressed in Escherichia coli under various abiotic stresses. Results showed that, based on the homology cloning and 5'-RACE technique, the full-length cDNA sequence of PEPC (2901 bp) from S. aralocaspica was obtained, which shares the typical conserved domains to documented PEPCs and was identified as PEPC-1 in accord to the reported partial sequence (ppc-1) in S. aralocaspica. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the expression patterns of PEPC-1 and PEPC-2 (known as ppc-2, another plant type of PEPC) in S. aralocaspica, suggesting that PEPC-1 was up-regulated during seed germination and under NaCl stress, and presented higher level in chlorenchyma than other tissues, which were significantly different with PEPC-2. Afterwards, PEPC-1 was recombinant in E. coli (pET-28a-PEPC) and expressed as an approximate 110 kDa protein. Under various abiotic stresses, the recombinant E. coli strain harboring with PEPC-1 showed significant advantage in growth at 400-800 mmol L(-1) NaCl, 10-20% PEG6000, 25 and 30 °C lower temperature, 50-200 μmol L(-1) methyl viologen, and pH 5.0 and 9.0 condition, compared to control. Further analysis of the enzymatic characteristics of the recombinant PEPC-1 suggests that it was the higher enzyme activity of PEPC-1 which might confer the stress tolerance to E. coli. We speculate that over expression of PEPC-1 is probably related to regulation of oxaloacetate (OAA) in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in E. coli, which may contribute to further understanding of the physiological function of PEPC in S. aralocaspica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Haiyan Lan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Roselló M, Poschenrieder C, Gunsé B, Barceló J, Llugany M. Differential activation of genes related to aluminium tolerance in two contrasting rice cultivars. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 152:160-6. [PMID: 26337117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a highly Al-tolerant crop. Among other mechanisms, a higher expression of STAR1/STAR2 (sensitive to Al rhizotoxicity1/2) genes and of Nrat1 (NRAMP Aluminium Transporter 1), and ALS1 (Aluminium sensitive 1) can at least in part be responsible for the inducible Al tolerance in this species. Here we analysed the responses to Al in two contrasting rice varieties. All analysed toxicity/tolerance markers (root elongation, Evans blue, morin and haematoxylin staining) indicated higher Al-tolerance in variety Nipponbare, than in variety Modan. Nipponbare accumulated much less Al in the roots than Modan. Aluminium supply caused stronger expression of STAR1 in Nipponbare than in Modan. A distinctively higher increase of Al-induced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation was found in the roots of Nipponbare than in Modan. Highest ABA levels were observed in Nipponbare after 48 h exposure to Al. This ABA peak was coincident in time with the highest expression level of STAR1. It is proposed that ABA may be required for cell wall remodulation facilitated by the enhanced UDP-glucose transport to the walls through STAR1/STAR2. Contrastingly, in the roots of Modan the expression of both Nrat1 coding for a plasma membrane Al-transporter and of ALS1 coding for a tonoplast-localized Al transporter was considerably enhanced. Moreover, Modan had a higher Al-induced expression of ASR1 a gene that has been proposed to code for a reactive oxygen scavenging protein. In conclusion, the Al-exclusion strategy of Nipponbare, at least in part mediated by STAR1 and probably regulated by ABA, provided better protection against Al toxicity than the accumulation and internal detoxification strategy of Modan mediated by Nrat1, ALS1 and ARS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maite Roselló
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Benet Gunsé
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Barceló
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercè Llugany
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abd El-Moneim D, Contreras R, Silva-Navas J, Gallego FJ, Figueiras AM, Benito C. On the consequences of aluminium stress in rye: repression of two mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase mRNAs. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:123-33. [PMID: 24946232 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed several external and internal aluminium (Al) tolerance mechanisms. The external mechanism best characterised is the exudation of organic acids induced by Al. Rye (Secale cereale L.), one of the most Al-tolerant cereal crops, secretes both citrate and malate from its roots in response to Al. However, the role of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) genes in Al-induced stress has not been studied in rye. We have isolated the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 genes, encoding two different mitochondrial MDH isozymes, in three Al-tolerant rye cultivars (Ailés, Imperial and Petkus) and one sensitive inbred rye line (Riodeva). These genes, which have seven exons and six introns, were located on the 1R (ScMDH1) and 3RL (ScMDH2) chromosomes. Exon 1 of ScMDH1 and exon 7 of ScMDH2 were the most variable among the different ryes. The hypothetical proteins encoded by these genes were classified as putative mitochondrial MDH isoforms. The phylogenetic relationships obtained using both cDNA and protein sequences indicated that the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 proteins are orthologous to mitochondrial MDH1 and MDH2 proteins of different Poaceae species. The expression studies of the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 genes indicate that it is more intense in roots than in leaves. Moreover, the amount of their corresponding mRNAs in roots from plants treated and not treated with Al was higher in the tolerant cultivar Petkus than in the sensitive inbred line Riodeva. In addition, ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 mRNA levels decreased in response to Al stress (repressive behaviour) in the roots of both the tolerant Petkus and the sensitive line Riodeva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Abd El-Moneim
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
El-Ramady HR, Alshaal TA, Amer M, Domokos-Szabolcsy É, Elhawat N, Prokisch J, Fári M. Soil Quality and Plant Nutrition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06016-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Sun L, Liang C, Chen Z, Liu P, Tian J, Liu G, Liao H. Superior aluminium (Al) tolerance of Stylosanthes is achieved mainly by malate synthesis through an Al-enhanced malic enzyme, SgME1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:209-219. [PMID: 24325195 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stylosanthes (stylo) is a dominant leguminous forage in the tropics. Previous studies suggest that stylo has great potential for aluminium (Al) tolerance, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. A novel malic enzyme, SgME1, was identified from the Al-tolerant genotype TPRC2001-1 after 72 h Al exposure by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and the encoding gene was cloned and characterized via heterologous expression in yeast, Arabidopsis thaliana and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) hairy roots. Internal Al detoxification might be mainly responsible for the 72 h Al tolerance of TPRC2001-1, as indicated by 5.8-fold higher root malate concentrations and approximately two-fold higher Al concentrations in roots and root symplasts of TPRC2001-1 than those of the Al-sensitive genotype Fine-stem. An accompanying increase in malate secretion might also reduce a fraction of Al uptake in TPRC2001-1. Gene and protein expression of SgME1 was only enhanced in TPRC2001-1 after 72 h Al exposure. Overexpressing SgME1 enhanced malate synthesis and rescued yeast, A. thaliana and bean hairy roots from Al toxicity via increasing intracellular malate concentrations and/or accompanied malate exudation. These results provide strong evidence that superior Al tolerance of stylo is mainly conferred by Al-enhanced malate synthesis, functionally controlled by SgME1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Pandao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodao Liu
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Hong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rao I. Advances in Improving Adaptation of Common Bean and Brachiaria Forage Grasses to Abiotic Stresses in the Tropics. BOOKS IN SOILS, PLANTS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1201/b16675-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
24
|
Martin BC, George SJ, Price CA, Ryan MH, Tibbett M. The role of root exuded low molecular weight organic anions in facilitating petroleum hydrocarbon degradation: current knowledge and future directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 472:642-653. [PMID: 24317170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoremediation is a bioremediation technique whereby enhanced microbial degradation of organic contaminants occurs within the plant root zone (rhizosphere). It is considered an effective and affordable 'green technology' for remediating soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). This paper critically reviews the potential role of root exuded compounds in rhizoremediation, with emphasis on commonly exuded low molecular weight aliphatic organic acid anions (carboxylates). The extent to which remediation is achieved shows wide disparity among plant species. Therefore, plant selection is crucial for the advancement and widespread adoption of this technology. Root exudation is speculated to be one of the predominant factors leading to microbial changes in the rhizosphere and thus the potential driver behind enhanced petroleum biodegradation. Carboxylates can form a significant component of the root exudate mixture and are hypothesised to enhance petroleum biodegradation by: i) providing an easily degradable energy source; ii) increasing phosphorus supply; and/or iii) enhancing the contaminant bioavailability. These differing hypotheses, which are not mutually exclusive, require further investigation to progress our understanding of plant-microbe interactions with the aim to improve plant species selection and the efficacy of rhizoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda C Martin
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Suman J George
- School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Charles A Price
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Megan H Ryan
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mark Tibbett
- School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL England, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mimmo T, Ghizzi M, Cesco S, Tomasi N, Pinton R, Puschenreiter M. Aluminium-phosphate interactions in the rhizosphere of two bean species: Phaseolus lunatus L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3891-6. [PMID: 24037763 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants differ in their response to high aluminium (Al) concentrations, which typically cause toxicity in plants grown on acidic soils. The response depends on plant species and environmental conditions such as substrate and cultivation system. The present study aimed to assess Al-phosphate (P) dynamics in the rhizosphere of two bean species, Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Red Kidney and Phaseolus lunatus L., in rhizobox experiments. RESULTS Root activity of the bean species induced up to a sevenfold increase in exchangeable Al and up to a 30-fold decrease in extractable P. High soluble Al concentrations triggered the release of plant-specific carboxylates, which differed between soil type and plant species. The results suggest that P. vulgaris L. mitigates Al stress by an internal defence mechanism and P. lunatus L. by an external one, both mechanisms involving organic acids. CONCLUSION Rhizosphere mechanisms involved in Al detoxification were found to be different for P. vulgaris L. and P. lunatus L., suggesting that these processes are plant species-specific. Phaseolus vulgaris L. accumulates Al in the shoots (internal tolerance mechanism), while P. lunatus L. prevents Al uptake by releasing organic acids (exclusion mechanism) into the growth media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang ZB, Eticha D, Führs H, Heintz D, Ayoub D, Van Dorsselaer A, Schlingmann B, Rao IM, Braun HP, Horst WJ. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress in root tips of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:5569-86. [PMID: 24123251 PMCID: PMC3871817 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress (OS) reduces cell-wall (CW) porosity and limits aluminium (Al) uptake by root tips of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A subsequent transcriptomic study suggested that genes related to CW processes are involved in adjustment to OS. In this study, a proteomic and phosphoproteomic approach was applied to identify OS-induced protein regulation to further improve our understanding of how OS affects Al accumulation. Analysis of total soluble proteins in root tips indicated that, in total, 22 proteins were differentially regulated by OS; these proteins were functionally categorized. Seventy-seven per- cent of the total expressed proteins were involved in metabolic pathways, particularly of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. An analysis of the apoplastic proteome revealed that OS reduced the level of five proteins and increased that of seven proteins. Investigation of the total soluble phosphoproteome suggested that dehydrin responded to OS with an enhanced phosphorylation state without a change in abundance. A cellular immunolocalization analysis indicated that dehydrin was localized mainly in the CW. This suggests that dehydrin may play a major protective role in the OS-induced physical breakdown of the CW structure and thus maintenance of the reversibility of CW extensibility during recovery from OS. The proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses provided novel insights into the complex mechanisms of OS-induced reduction of Al accumulation in the root tips of common bean and highlight a key role for modification of CW structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
- Institute for Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hendrik Führs
- Applied Research and Advisory Service Agro, K+S KALI GmbH, Bertha-von-Suttner-Strasse 7, 34131 Kassel, Germany
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), 28 rue Goethe, CNRS-UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Ayoub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Barbara Schlingmann
- Institute of BioPhysics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Walter Johannes Horst
- Institute for Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ikka T, Ogawa T, Li D, Hiradate S, Morita A. Effect of aluminum on metabolism of organic acids and chemical forms of aluminum in root tips of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 94:142-7. [PMID: 23830692 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) has relatively high resistance to aluminum (Al) toxicity than the various herbaceous plants and model plant species. To investigate Al-tolerance mechanism, the metabolism of organic acids and the chemical forms of Al in the target site (root tips) in Eucalyptus was investigated. To do this, 2-year old rooted cuttings of E. camaldulensis were cultivated in half-strength Hoagland solution (pH 4.0) containing Al (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0mM) salts for 5weeks; growth was not affected at concentrations up to 2.5mM even with Al concentration reaching 6000μgg(-1) DW. In roots, the citrate content also increased with increasing Al application. Concurrently, the activities of aconitase and NADP(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase, which catalyze the decomposition of citrate, decreased. On the other hand, the activity of citrate synthase was not affected at concentrations up to 2.5mM Al. (27)Al-NMR spectroscopic analyses were carried out where it was found that Al-citrate complexes were a major chemical form present in cell sap of root tips. These findings suggested that E. camaldulensis detoxifies Al by forming Al-citrate complexes, and that this is achieved through Al-induced citrate accumulation in root tips via suppression of the citrate decomposition pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Q, Guo CL, Wang P, Chen XQ, Wu KH, Li KZ, Yu YX, Chen LM. Up-regulation and interaction of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase and the 14-3-3 protein are involved in the regulation of citrate exudation from the broad bean (Vicia faba L.) under Al stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 70:504-11. [PMID: 23860230 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that citrate excretion coupled with a concomitant release of protons was involved in aluminum (Al) resistance in the broad bean. Furthermore, genes encoding plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase (vha2) and the 14-3-3 protein (vf14-3-3b) were up-regulated by Al in Al-resistant (YD) broad bean roots. In this study, the roles of PM H(+)-ATPase (E.C. 3.6.3.6) and the 14-3-3 protein in the regulation of citrate secretion were further investigated in Al-resistant (YD) and Al-sensitive (AD) broad bean cultivars under Al stress. The results showed that greater citrate exudation was positively correlated with higher activities of PM H(+)-ATPase in roots of YD than AD. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that vha2 was clearly up-regulated by Al in YD but not in AD roots, whereas the transcription levels of vf14-3-3b were elevated in a time-dependent manner in both YD and AD roots. Immunoprecipitation and Western analysis suggested that phosphorylation and interaction with the vf14-3-3b protein of the VHA2 were enhanced in YD roots but not in AD roots with increasing Al treatment time. Fusicoccin or adenosine 5'-monophosphate increased or decreased the interaction between the phosphorylated VHA2 and the vf14-3-3b protein, followed by an enhancement or reduction of the PM H(+)-ATPase activity and citrate exudation in both cultivars under Al stress conditions, respectively. Taken together, these results suggested that Al enhanced the expression and interaction of the PM H(+)-ATPase and the 14-3-3 protein, which thereby led to higher activity of the PM H(+)-ATPase and more citrate exudation from YD plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang ZB, Eticha D, Albacete A, Rao IM, Roitsch T, Horst WJ. Physiological and molecular analysis of the interaction between aluminium toxicity and drought stress in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:3109-25. [PMID: 22371077 PMCID: PMC3350927 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity and drought are two major factors limiting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production in the tropics. Short-term effects of Al toxicity and drought stress on root growth in acid, Al-toxic soil were studied, with special emphasis on Al-drought interaction in the root apex. Root elongation was inhibited by both Al and drought. Combined stresses resulted in a more severe inhibition of root elongation than either stress alone. This result was different from the alleviation of Al toxicity by osmotic stress (-0.60 MPa polyethylene glycol) in hydroponics. However, drought reduced the impact of Al on the root tip, as indicated by the reduction of Al-induced callose formation and MATE expression. Combined Al and drought stress enhanced up-regulation of ACCO expression and synthesis of zeatin riboside, reduced drought-enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) concentration, and expression of NCED involved in ABA biosynthesis and the transcription factors bZIP and MYB, thus affecting the regulation of ABA-dependent genes (SUS, PvLEA18, KS-DHN, and LTP) in root tips. The results provide circumstantial evidence that in soil, drought alleviates Al injury, but Al renders the root apex more drought-sensitive, particularly by impacting the gene regulatory network involved in ABA signal transduction and cross-talk with other phytohormones necessary for maintaining root growth under drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bao Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dejene Eticha
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Institute of Plant Science, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Schubertstrasse 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Roitsch
- Institute of Plant Science, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Schubertstrasse 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Johannes Horst
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
You J, Zhang H, Liu N, Gao L, Kong L, Yang Z. Transcriptomic responses to aluminum stress in soybean roots. Genome 2011; 54:923-33. [PMID: 22040275 DOI: 10.1139/g11-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the primary limitation to crop production and plant growth in acid soils. Soybean has multiple mechanisms of Al resistance including the complexing and exclusion of Al in root apices by Al-induced citrate secretion. Microarray analysis is available for the identification of genes in soybean. In the present study, Affymetrix soybean genome array was used to identify the Al-induced differentially expressed genes in Al-resistant genotype Jiyu 70. With a cutoff of > 2.0-fold (p < 0.05) between non Al-treated and Al-treated root apices, 561 genes were upregulated and 78 genes were downregulated when roots were exposed to 30 μmol/L AlCl(3) for 4 h. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to test the microarray data. The analysis showed that nearly half of the Al-responsive genes were of unknown biological function. A higher proportion of genes related to transcription regulation and cell wall processes were observed in Al-induced up- and downregulated genes, respectively. Some genes homologous to the citrate transporter MATE family gene or C(2)H(2) family transcription factor gene, STOP1, were detected in our analysis. Some genes related to lignin deposition were upregulated, which might be related to Al-induced root elongation inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfeng You
- Agriculture Ecology and Environment laboratory, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang ZB, Eticha D, Rotter B, Rao IM, Horst WJ. Physiological and molecular analysis of polyethylene glycol-induced reduction of aluminium accumulation in the root tips of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:99-113. [PMID: 21668875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
• Aluminium (Al) toxicity and drought are two major stress factors limiting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production on tropical acid soils. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment reduces Al uptake and Al toxicity. • The effect of PEG 6000-induced osmotic stress on the expression of genes was studied using SuperSAGE combined with next-generation sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for selected genes. • Less Al stress in PEG-treated roots was confirmed by decreased Al-induced up-regulation of MATE and ACCO genes. The withdrawal of PEG from the Al treatment solution restored the Al accumulation and reversed the expression of MATE and ACCO genes to the level of the treatment with Al alone. Using SuperSAGE, we identified 611 up- and 728 down-regulated genes in PEG-treated root tips, and the results were confirmed by qRT-PCR using 46 differentially expressed genes. Among the 12 genes studied in more detail, XTHa and BEG (down-regulated by PEG) and HRGP, bZIP, MYB and P5CS (up-regulated by PEG) recovered completely within 2 h after removal of PEG stress. • The results suggest that genes related to cell wall assembly and modification, such as XTHs, BEG and HRGP, play important roles in the PEG-induced decrease in cell wall porosity, leading to reduced Al accumulation in root tips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bao Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dejene Eticha
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Rotter
- GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Walter Johannes Horst
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Z, Wang H, Wang X, Bi Y. Nitric oxide enhances aluminum tolerance by affecting cell wall polysaccharides in rice roots. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:1701-11. [PMID: 21553108 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signal molecule involved in many physiological processes in plants. To study the mechanisms of exogenous NO contribution to alleviate the aluminum (Al) toxicity, roots of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings pre-treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) were used to investigate the effect of Al in this study. Results indicated that NO alleviated the lipid peroxidation induced by Al and promoted the root elongation, whereas butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), an efficient lipophilic antioxidant, alleviated the lipid peroxidation only. Rice seedling roots pre-treated with SNP followed by Al treatment had lower contents of pectin and hemicellulose, lower Al accumulation in root tips and cell walls, higher degree of methylation of pectin and lower wall Al-binding capacity than the roots with Al treatment only. Therefore, the decreased Al accumulation in the cell walls of rice roots is likely to be the reason for the NO-induced increase of Al tolerance in rice, and it seems that exogenous NO enhanced Al tolerance in rice roots by decreasing the contents of pectin and hemicellulose, increasing the degree of methylation of pectin, and decreasing Al accumulation in root cell walls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Doubnerová V, Ryšlavá H. What can enzymes of C₄ photosynthesis do for C₃ plants under stress? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:575-83. [PMID: 21421406 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), and pyruvate, phosphate dikinase (PPDK) participate in the process of concentrating CO₂ in C₄ photosynthesis. Non-photosynthetic counterparts of these enzymes, which are present in all plants, play important roles in the maintenance of pH and replenishment of Krebs cycle intermediates, thereby contributing to the biosynthesis of amino acids and other compounds and providing NADPH for biosynthesis and the antioxidant system. Enhanced activities of PEPC and/or NADP-ME and/or PPDK were found in plants under various types of abiotic stress, such as drought, high salt concentration, ozone, the absence of phosphate and iron or the presence of heavy metals in the soil. Moreover, the activities of all of these enzymes were enhanced in plants under biotic stress caused by viral infection. The functions of PEPC, NADP-ME and PPDK appear to be more important for plants under stress than under optimal growth conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Doubnerová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang ZB, Eticha D, Rao IM, Horst WJ. Alteration of cell-wall porosity is involved in osmotic stress-induced enhancement of aluminium resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:3245-58. [PMID: 20511277 PMCID: PMC2905193 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity and drought are the two major abiotic stress factors limiting common bean production in the tropics. Using hydroponics, the short-term effects of combined Al toxicity and drought stress on root growth and Al uptake into the root apex were investigated. In the presence of Al stress, PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol)-induced osmotic (drought) stress led to the amelioration of Al-induced inhibition of root elongation in the Al-sensitive genotype VAX 1. PEG 6000 (>> PEG 1000) treatment greatly decreased Al accumulation in the 1 cm root apices even when the roots were physically separated from the PEG solution using dialysis membrane tubes. Upon removal of PEG from the treatment solution, the root tips recovered from osmotic stress and the Al accumulation capacity was quickly restored. The PEG-induced reduction of Al accumulation was not due to a lower phytotoxic Al concentration in the treatment solution, reduced negativity of the root apoplast, or to enhanced citrate exudation. Also cell-wall (CW) material isolated from PEG-treated roots showed a low Al-binding capacity which, however, was restored after destroying the physical structure of the CW. The comparison of the Al(3+), La(3+), Sr(2+), and Rb(+) binding capacity of the intact root tips and the isolated CW revealed the specificity of the PEG 6000 effect for Al. This could be due to the higher hydrated ionic radius of Al(3+) compared with other cations (Al(3+) >> La(3+) > Sr(2+) > Rb(+)). In conclusion, the results provide circumstantial evidence that the osmotic stress-inhibited Al accumulation in root apices and thus reduced Al-induced inhibition of root elongation in the Al-sensitive genotype VAX 1 is related to the alteration of CW porosity resulting from PEG 6000-induced dehydration of the root apoplast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bao Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dejene Eticha
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Walter Johannes Horst
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Horst WJ, Wang Y, Eticha D. The role of the root apoplast in aluminium-induced inhibition of root elongation and in aluminium resistance of plants: a review. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 106:185-97. [PMID: 20237112 PMCID: PMC2889789 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminium (Al) toxicity is the most important soil constraint for plant growth and development in acid soils. The mechanism of Al-induced inhibition of root elongation is still not well understood, and it is a matter of debate whether the primary lesions of Al toxicity are apoplastic or symplastic. SCOPE The present review focuses on the role of the apoplast in Al toxicity and resistance, summarizing evidence from our own experimental work and other evidence published since 1995. CONCLUSIONS The binding of Al in the cell wall particularly to the pectic matrix and to the apoplastic face of the plasma membrane in the most Al-sensitive root zone of the root apex thus impairing apoplastic and symplastic cell functions is a major factor leading to Al-induced inhibition of root elongation. Although symplastic lesions of Al toxicity cannot be excluded, the protection of the root apoplast appears to be a prerequisite for Al resistance in both Al-tolerant and Al-accumulating plant species. In many plant species the release of organic acid anions complexing Al, thus protecting the root apoplast from Al binding, is a most important Al resistance mechanism. However, there is increasing physiological, biochemical and, most recently also, molecular evidence showing that the modification of the binding properties of the root apoplast contributes to Al resistance. A further in-depth characterization of the Al-induced apoplastic reaction in the most Al-sensitive zone of the root apex is urgently required, particularly to understand the Al resistance of the most Al-resistant plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Horst
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Eticha D, Zahn M, Bremer M, Yang Z, Rangel AF, Rao IM, Horst WJ. Transcriptomic analysis reveals differential gene expression in response to aluminium in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 105:1119-28. [PMID: 20237115 PMCID: PMC2887069 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aluminium (Al) resistance in common bean is known to be due to exudation of citrate from the root after a lag phase, indicating the induction of gene transcription and protein synthesis. The aims of this study were to identify Al-induced differentially expressed genes and to analyse the expression of candidate genes conferring Al resistance in bean. METHODS The suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was used to identify differentially expressed genes in an Al-resistant bean genotype ('Quimbaya') during the induction period. Using quantitative real-time PCR the expression patterns of selected genes were compared between an Al-resistant and an Al-sensitive genotype ('VAX 1') treated with Al for up to 24 h. KEY RESULTS Short-term Al treatment resulted in up-regulation of stress-induced genes and down-regulation of genes involved in metabolism. However, the expressions of genes encoding enzymes involved in citrate metabolism were not significantly affected by Al. Al treatment dramatically increased the expression of common bean expressed sequence tags belonging to the citrate transporter gene family MATE (multidrug and toxin extrusion family protein) in both the Al-resistant and -sensitive genotype in close agreement with Al-induced citrate exudation. CONCLUSIONS The expression of a citrate transporter MATE gene is crucial for citrate exudation in common bean. However, although the expression of the citrate transporter is a prerequisite for citrate exudation, genotypic Al resistance in common bean particularly depends on the capacity to sustain the synthesis of citrate for maintaining the cytosolic citrate pool that enables exudation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejene Eticha
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Zahn
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Bremer
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhongbao Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrés F. Rangel
- Yara International ASA, Research Centre Hanninghof, Hanninghof 35, 48249 Dülmen, Germany
| | - Idupulapati M. Rao
- CIAT–International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Walter J. Horst
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
White PJ, Brown PH. Plant nutrition for sustainable development and global health. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 105:1073-80. [PMID: 20430785 PMCID: PMC2887071 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants require at least 14 mineral elements for their nutrition. These include the macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) and the micronutrients chlorine (Cl), boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo). These are generally obtained from the soil. Crop production is often limited by low phytoavailability of essential mineral elements and/or the presence of excessive concentrations of potentially toxic mineral elements, such as sodium (Na), Cl, B, Fe, Mn and aluminium (Al), in the soil solution. SCOPE This article provides the context for a Special Issue of the Annals of Botany on 'Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Development and Global Health'. It provides an introduction to plant mineral nutrition and explains how mineral elements are taken up by roots and distributed within plants. It introduces the concept of the ionome (the elemental composition of a subcellular structure, cell, tissue or organism), and observes that the activities of key transport proteins determine species-specific, tissue and cellular ionomes. It then describes how current research is addressing the problems of mineral toxicities in agricultural soils to provide food security and the optimization of fertilizer applications for economic and environmental sustainability. It concludes with a perspective on how agriculture can produce edible crops that contribute sufficient mineral elements for adequate animal and human nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J White
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|