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Ricci A, Rubino E, Serra GP, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Concerning neuromodulation as treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorder: Insights gained from selective targeting of the subthalamic nucleus, para-subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2024; 256:110003. [PMID: 38789078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuromodulation such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) is advancing as a clinical intervention in several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tremor, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for which DBS is already applied to alleviate severely afflicted individuals of symptoms. Tourette syndrome and drug addiction are two additional disorders for which DBS is in trial or proposed as treatment. However, some major remaining obstacles prevent this intervention from reaching its full therapeutic potential. Side-effects have been reported, and not all DBS-treated individuals are relieved of their symptoms. One major target area for DBS electrodes is the subthalamic nucleus (STN) which plays important roles in motor, affective and associative functions, with impact on for example movement, motivation, impulsivity, compulsivity, as well as both reward and aversion. The multifunctionality of the STN is complex. Decoding the anatomical-functional organization of the STN could enhance strategic targeting in human patients. The STN is located in close proximity to zona incerta (ZI) and the para-subthalamic nucleus (pSTN). Together, the STN, pSTN and ZI form a highly heterogeneous and clinically important brain area. Rodent-based experimental studies, including opto- and chemogenetics as well as viral-genetic tract tracings, provide unique insight into complex neuronal circuitries and their impact on behavior with high spatial and temporal precision. This research field has advanced tremendously over the past few years. Here, we provide an inclusive review of current literature in the pre-clinical research fields centered around STN, pSTN and ZI in laboratory mice and rats; the three highly heterogeneous and enigmatic structures brought together in the context of relevance for treatment strategies. Specific emphasis is placed on methods of manipulation and behavioral impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ricci
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Eleonora Rubino
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Gian Pietro Serra
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Ferguson LA, Matamales M, Nolan C, Balleine BW, Bertran-Gonzalez J. Adaptation of sequential action benefits from timing variability related to lateral basal ganglia circuitry. iScience 2024; 27:109274. [PMID: 38496293 PMCID: PMC10943431 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Streamlined action sequences must remain flexible should stable contingencies in the environment change. By combining analyses of behavioral structure with a circuit-specific manipulation in mice, we report on a relationship between action timing variability and successful adaptation that relates to post-synaptic targets of primary motor cortical (M1) projections to dorsolateral striatum (DLS). In a two-lever instrumental task, mice formed successful action sequences by, first, establishing action scaffolds and, second, smoothly extending action duration to adapt to increased task requirements. Interruption of DLS neurons in M1 projection territories altered this process, evoking higher-rate actions that were more stereotyped in their timing, reducing opportunities for success. Based on evidence from neuronal tracing experiments, we propose that DLS neurons in M1 projection territories supply action timing variability to facilitate adaptation, a function that may involve additional downstream subcortical processing relating to collateralization of descending motor pathways to multiple basal ganglia centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan A. Ferguson
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miriam Matamales
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Nolan
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernard W. Balleine
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jesus Bertran-Gonzalez
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bertrand M, Chabardes S, Fontanier V, Procyk E, Bastin J, Piallat B. Contribution of the subthalamic nucleus to motor, cognitive and limbic processes: an electrophysiological and stimulation study in monkeys. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1257579. [PMID: 38456146 PMCID: PMC10918855 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1257579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become the gold standard surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease and is being investigated for obsessive compulsive disorders. Even if the role of the STN in the behavior is well documented, its organization and especially its division into several functional territories is still debated. A better characterization of these territories and a better knowledge of the impact of stimulation would address this issue. We aimed to find specific electrophysiological markers of motor, cognitive and limbic functions within the STN and to specifically modulate these components. Two healthy non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) performed a behavioral task allowing the assessment of motor, cognitive and limbic reward-related behavioral components. During the task, four contacts in the STN allowed recordings and stimulations, using low frequency stimulation (LFS) and high frequency stimulation (HFS). Specific electrophysiological functional markers were found in the STN with beta band activity for the motor component of behavior, theta band activity for the cognitive component, and, gamma and theta activity bands for the limbic component. For both monkeys, dorsolateral HFS and LFS of the STN significantly modulated motor performances, whereas only ventromedial HFS modulated cognitive performances. Our results validated the functional overlap of dorsal motor and ventral cognitive subthalamic territories, and, provide information that tends toward a diffuse limbic territory sensitive to the reward within the STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bertrand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephan Chabardes
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Department of Neurosurgery, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Clinatec-CEA Leti, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Fontanier
- Univ. Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
- Medinetic Learning, Research Department, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- Univ. Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Julien Bastin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Brigitte Piallat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
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Pan X, Wang Z. Cortical and subcortical contributions to non-motor inhibitory control: an fMRI study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10909-10917. [PMID: 37724423 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition is a core executive cognitive function. However, the neural correlates of non-motor inhibitory control are not well understood. We investigated this question using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and a simple Count Go/NoGo task (n = 23), and further explored the causal relationships between activated brain regions. We found that the Count NoGo task activated a distinct pattern in the subcortical basal ganglia, including bilateral ventral anterior/lateral nucleus of thalamus (VA/VL), globus pallidus/putamen (GP/putamen), and subthalamic nucleus (STN). Stepwise regressions and mediation analyses revealed that activations in these region(s) were modulated differently by only 3 cortical regions i.e. the right inferior frontal gyrus/insula (rIFG/insula), along with left IFG/insula, and anterior cingulate cortex/supplementary motor area (ACC/SMA). The activations of bilateral VA/VL were modulated by both rSTN and rIFG/insula (with rGP/putamen as a mediator) independently, and the activation of rGP/putamen was modulated by ACC/SMA, with rIFG/insula as a mediator. Our findings provide the neural correlates of inhibitory control of counting and causal relationships between them, and strongly suggest that both indirect and hyperdirect pathways of the basal ganglia are involved in the Count NoGo condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Psychological Counseling Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
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Pasquereau B, Turner RS. Neural dynamics underlying self-control in the primate subthalamic nucleus. eLife 2023; 12:e83971. [PMID: 37204300 PMCID: PMC10259453 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is hypothesized to play a central role in neural processes that regulate self-control. Still uncertain, however, is how that brain structure participates in the dynamically evolving estimation of value that underlies the ability to delay gratification and wait patiently for a gain. To address that gap in knowledge, we studied the spiking activity of neurons in the STN of monkeys during a task in which animals were required to remain motionless for varying periods of time in order to obtain food reward. At the single-neuron and population levels, we found a cost-benefit integration between the desirability of the expected reward and the imposed delay to reward delivery, with STN signals that dynamically combined both attributes of the reward to form a single integrated estimate of value. This neural encoding of subjective value evolved dynamically across the waiting period that intervened after instruction cue. Moreover, this encoding was distributed inhomogeneously along the antero-posterior axis of the STN such that the most dorso-posterior-placed neurons represented the temporal discounted value most strongly. These findings highlight the selective involvement of the dorso-posterior STN in the representation of temporally discounted rewards. The combination of rewards and time delays into an integrated representation is essential for self-control, the promotion of goal pursuit, and the willingness to bear the costs of time delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pasquereau
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 69675 Bron CedexBronFrance
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 VilleurbanneVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Robert S Turner
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neuroscience and The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
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Wu YC, Liao YS, Yeh WH, Liang SF, Shaw FZ. Directions of Deep Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:680938. [PMID: 34194295 PMCID: PMC8236576 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.680938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for movement disorders and neurological/psychiatric disorders. DBS has been approved for the control of Parkinson disease (PD) and epilepsy. OBJECTIVES A systematic review and possible future direction of DBS system studies is performed in the open loop and closed-loop configuration on PD and epilepsy. METHODS We searched Google Scholar database for DBS system and development. DBS search results were categorized into clinical device and research system from the open-loop and closed-loop perspectives. RESULTS We performed literature review for DBS on PD and epilepsy in terms of system development by the open loop and closed-loop configuration. This study described development and trends for DBS in terms of electrode, recording, stimulation, and signal processing. The closed-loop DBS system raised a more attention in recent researches. CONCLUSION We overviewed development and progress of DBS. Our results suggest that the closed-loop DBS is important for PD and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chang Wu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Siou Liao
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiu Yeh
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Liang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Informatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Zen Shaw
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Goenner L, Maith O, Koulouri I, Baladron J, Hamker FH. A spiking model of basal ganglia dynamics in stopping behavior supported by arkypallidal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2296-2321. [PMID: 33316152 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The common view that stopping action plans by the basal ganglia is achieved mainly by the subthalamic nucleus alone due to its direct excitatory projection onto the output nuclei of the basal ganglia has been challenged by recent findings. The proposed "pause-then-cancel" model suggests that the subthalamic nucleus provides a rapid stimulus-unspecific "pause" signal, followed by a stop-cue-specific "cancel" signal from striatum-projecting arkypallidal neurons. To determine more precisely the relative contribution of the different basal ganglia nuclei in stopping, we simulated a stop-signal task with a spiking neuron model of the basal ganglia, considering recently discovered connections from the arkypallidal neurons, and cortex-projecting GPe neurons. For the arkypallidal and prototypical GPe neurons, we obtained neuron model parameters by fitting their neuronal responses to published experimental data. Our model replicates findings of stop-signal tasks at neuronal and behavioral levels. We provide evidence for the existence of a stop-related cortical input to the arkypallidal and cortex-projecting GPe neurons such that the stop responses of the subthalamic nucleus, the arkypallidal neurons, and the cortex-projecting GPe neurons complement each other to achieve functional stopping behavior. Particularly, the cortex-projecting GPe neurons may complement the stopping within the basal ganglia caused by the arkypallidal and STN neurons by diminishing cortical go-related processes. Furthermore, we predict effects of lesions on stopping performance and propose that arkypallidal neurons mainly participate in stopping by inhibiting striatal neurons of the indirect rather than the direct pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Goenner
- Department of Computer Science, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oliver Maith
- Department of Computer Science, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Iliana Koulouri
- Department of Computer Science, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Javier Baladron
- Department of Computer Science, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Fred H Hamker
- Department of Computer Science, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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8
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Vachez YM, Creed MC. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Modulates Reward-Related Behavior: A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:578564. [PMID: 33328933 PMCID: PMC7714911 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.578564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is an effective treatment for the motor symptoms of movement disorders including Parkinson's Disease (PD). Despite its therapeutic benefits, STN-DBS has been associated with adverse effects on mood and cognition. Specifically, apathy, which is defined as a loss of motivation, has been reported to emerge or to worsen following STN-DBS. However, it is often challenging to disentangle the effects of STN-DBS per se from concurrent reduction of dopamine replacement therapy, from underlying PD pathology or from disease progression. To this end, pre-clinical models allow for the dissociation of each of these factors, and to establish neural substrates underlying the emergence of motivational symptoms following STN-DBS. Here, we performed a systematic analysis of rodent studies assessing the effects of STN-DBS on reward seeking, reward motivation and reward consumption across a variety of behavioral paradigms. We find that STN-DBS decreases reward seeking in the majority of experiments, and we outline how design of the behavioral task and DBS parameters can influence experimental outcomes. While an early hypothesis posited that DBS acts as a "functional lesion," an analysis of lesions and inhibition of the STN revealed no consistent pattern on reward-related behavior. Thus, we discuss alternative mechanisms that could contribute to the amotivational effects of STN-DBS. We also argue that optogenetic-assisted circuit dissection could yield important insight into the effects of the STN on motivated behavior in health and disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of STN-DBS on motivated behavior-will be critical for optimizing the clinical application of STN-DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan M Vachez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Meaghan C Creed
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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The role of dopamine pharmacotherapy and addiction-like behaviors in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 102:109942. [PMID: 32272129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Addictions involve a spectrum of behaviors that encompass features of impulsivity and compulsivity, herein referred to as impulsive-compulsive spectrum disorders (ICSDs). The etiology of ICSDs likely involves a complex interplay among neurobiological, psychological and social risk factors. Neurobiological risk factors include the status of the neuroanatomical circuits that govern ICSDs. These circuits can be altered by disease, as well as exogenous influences such as centrally-acting pharmacologics. The 'poster child' for this scenario is Parkinson's disease (PD) medically managed by pharmacological treatments. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that involves a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons largely within nigrostriatal projections. Replacement therapy includes dopamine receptor agonists that directly activate postsynaptic dopamine receptors (bypassing the requirement for functioning presynaptic terminals). Some clinically useful dopamine agonists, e.g., pramipexole and ropinirole, exhibit high affinity for the D2/D3 receptor subtypes. These agonists provide excellent relief from PD motor symptoms, but some patients exhibit debilitating ICSD. Teasing out the neuropsychiatric contribution of PD-associated pathology from the drugs used to treat PD motor symptoms is challenging. In this review, we posit that modern clinical and preclinical research converge on the conclusion that dopamine replacement therapy can mediate addictions in PD and other neurological disorders. We provide five categories of evidences that align with this position: (i) ICSD prevalence is greater with D2/D3 receptor agonist therapy vs PD alone. (ii) Capacity of dopamine replacement therapy to produce addiction-like behaviors is independent of disease for which the therapy is being provided. (iii) ICSD-like behaviors are recapitulated in laboratory rats with and without PD-like pathology. (iv) Behavioral pathology co-varies with drug exposure. (v) ICSD Features of ICSDs are consistent with agonist pharmacology and neuroanatomical substrates of addictions. Considering the underpinnings of ICSDs in PD should not only help therapeutic decision-making in neurological disorders, but also apprise ICSDs in general.
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Eisinger RS, Scott BM, Le A, Ponce EMT, Lanese J, Hundley C, Nelson B, Ravy T, Lopes J, Thompson S, Sathish S, O'Connell RL, Okun MS, Bowers D, Gunduz A. Pavlovian bias in Parkinson's disease: an objective marker of impulsivity that modulates with deep brain stimulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13448. [PMID: 32778775 PMCID: PMC7417529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). Adaptive behavior is influenced by prepotent action-reward and inaction-avoid loss Pavlovian biases. We aimed to assess the hypothesis that impulsivity in PD is associated with Pavlovian bias, and to assess whether dopaminergic medications and deep brain stimulation (DBS) influence Pavlovian bias. A PD DBS cohort (N = 37) completed a reward-based Go/No-Go task and bias measures were calculated. This DBS cohort completed the task under three conditions: on-med/pre-DBS, off-med/off-DBS, and on-med/on-DBS. Participants also completed self-reported measures of impulsivity. Dopaminergic medication was associated with lower action-reward bias while DBS was associated with higher action-reward bias. Impulsivity was associated with higher action-reward bias but not inaction-avoid loss bias. We furthermore replicated this association in an independent, non-DBS PD cohort (N = 88). Overall we establish an objective behavioral marker of impulsivity and show that DBS affects impulsivity by amplifying automated responding. Our results point to the importance of reward rather than punishment avoidance in driving impulsive behaviors. This work provides insight into the pathophysiological underpinnings of impulsivity and especially medication and DBS-associated impulsivity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Eisinger
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Bonnie M Scott
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anh Le
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Elena M Torres Ponce
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Joseph Lanese
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Christopher Hundley
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Brawn Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tasmeah Ravy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Janine Lopes
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sable Thompson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sneha Sathish
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca L O'Connell
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Nishioka T, Hamaguchi K, Yawata S, Hikida T, Watanabe D. Chemogenetic Suppression of the Subthalamic Nucleus Induces Attentional Deficits and Impulsive Action in a Five-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task in Mice. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:38. [PMID: 32714157 PMCID: PMC7344274 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN), a key component of the basal ganglia circuitry, receives inputs from broad cerebral cortical areas and relays cortical activity to subcortical structures. Recent human and animal studies have suggested that executive function, which is assumed to consist of a set of different cognitive processes for controlling behavior, depends on precise information processing between the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, leading to the idea that the STN contains neurons that transmit the information required for cognitive processing through their activity, and is involved in such cognitive control directly and dynamically. On the other hand, the STN activity also affects intracellular signal transduction and gene expression profiles influencing plasticity in other basal ganglia components. The STN may also indirectly contribute to information processing for cognitive control in other brain areas by regulating slower signaling mechanisms. However, the precise correspondence and causal relationship between the STN activity and cognitive processes are not fully understood. To address how the STN activity is involved in cognitive processes for controlling behavior, we applied Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD)-based chemogenetic manipulation of neural activity to behavioral analysis using a touchscreen operant platform. We subjected mice selectively expressing DREADD receptors in the STN neurons to a five-choice serial reaction time task, which has been developed to quantitatively measure executive function. Chemogenetic suppression of the STN activity reversibly impaired attention, especially required under highly demanding conditions, and increased impulsivity but not compulsivity. These findings, taken together with the results of previous lesion studies, suggest that the STN activity, directly and indirectly, participates in cognitive processing for controlling behavior, and dynamically regulates specific types of subprocesses in cognitive control probably through fast synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Nishioka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hamaguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yawata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Dai Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Effects of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation on Facial Emotion Recognition in Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Literature Review. Behav Neurol 2020; 2020:4329297. [PMID: 32724481 PMCID: PMC7382738 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4329297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, DBS has been associated with certain nonmotor, neuropsychiatric effects such as worsening of emotion recognition from facial expressions. In order to investigate facial emotion recognition (FER) after STN DBS, we conducted a literature search of the electronic databases MEDLINE and Web of science. In this review, we analyze studies assessing FER after STN DBS in PD patients and summarize the current knowledge of the effects of STN DBS on FER. The majority of studies, which had clinical and methodological heterogeneity, showed that FER is worsening after STN DBS in PD patients, particularly for negative emotions (sadness, fear, anger, and tendency for disgust). FER worsening after STN DBS can be attributed to the functional role of the STN in limbic circuits and the interference of STN stimulation with neural networks involved in FER, including the connections of the STN with the limbic part of the basal ganglia and pre- and frontal areas. These outcomes improve our understanding of the role of the STN in the integration of motor, cognitive, and emotional aspects of behaviour in the growing field of affective neuroscience. Further studies using standardized neuropsychological measures of FER assessment and including larger cohorts are needed, in order to draw definite conclusions about the effect of STN DBS on emotional recognition and its impact on patients' quality of life.
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Parkinsonism and subthalamic deep brain stimulation dysregulate behavioral motivation in a rodent model. Brain Res 2020; 1736:146776. [PMID: 32171706 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apathy and impulsivity constitute opposite poles of a behavioral motivation spectrum often disrupted by both the symptoms and therapies for Parkinson's Disease (PD). Upwards of 70% of PD patients experience symptoms of apathy, frequently unresolved or worsened by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Worse, more than half of patients receiving DBS for PD experience new-onset impulse control disorders of varying severity following therapy initiation. While these symptoms and side-effects have been widely reported in clinical studies, they are largely unexplored in animal models. METHODS We applied high-frequency DBS in a 6-OHDA hemiparkinsonian rat model. We trained rats on a series of go/stop and go/no-go behavioral paradigms and examined how parkinsonism and DBS modulated task responses. RESULTS STN DBS in healthy rodents drove impulsive behavior in the form of stop and no-go task failure, impulsive reward seeking, and noninstructed task attempts. While trained rats without DBS only tended to fail stop and no-go cues very shortly after the cue, DBS led to failures at significantly later time points. Hemiparkinsonism slowed response times and reduced response rates, not alleviated by effective DBS. INTERPRETATIONS PD interrupts neural signaling responsible for healthy action selection, not restored by DBS. PD may be associated with a dearth of action commands, manifesting as apathy. Conversely, effective DBS may bias the system toward the impulsive end of the behavioral motivation spectrum without restoring behaviorally reasonable actions, mis-weighting reward-based action selection and manifesting as impulsivity, aided by DBS interfering with stop signaling.
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In vivo validation of a new portable stimulator for chronic deep brain stimulation in freely moving rats. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 333:108577. [PMID: 31899208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is considered as a gold standard therapy for the alleviation of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). This success paved the way to its application for other neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this context, we aimed to develop a rodent-specific stimulator with characteristics similar to those used in patients. NEW METHOD We designed a stimulator that can be connected to an electrode container with options for bilateral or unilateral stimulation selection and offers a wide range of frequencies, pulse widths and intensities, constant current, biphasic current-control and charge balancing. Dedicated software was developed to program these parameters and the device was tested on a bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD. RESULTS The equipment was well tolerated by the animals with a good general welfare. STN stimulation (130 Hz frequency, 0.06 ms pulse width, 150 μA average intensity) improved the motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA as it significantly increased the number of movements compared to the values obtained in the same animals without STN stimulation. Furthermore, it restored motor coordination by significantly increasing the time spent on the rotarod bar. CONCLUSION We successfully developed and validated a new portable and programmable stimulator for freely moving rats that delivers a large range of stimulation parameters using bilateral biphasic current-control and charge balancing to maximize tissue safety. This device can be used to test deep brain stimulation in different animal models of human brain diseases.
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Rat subthalamic stimulation: Evaluating stimulation-induced dyskinesias, choosing stimulation currents and evaluating the anti-akinetic effect in the cylinder test. MethodsX 2019; 6:2384-2395. [PMID: 31681539 PMCID: PMC6818350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In experimental deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN HFS), stimulation currents just below the appearance threshold of stimulation-induced dyskinesias has often been used. The behavioral effect of STN HFS can be measured by the reversal of forelimb use asymmetry produced by hemiparkinsonism can be measured with the cylinder test among other tests. We used 18 Wistar rats with 6-hydroxydopamine induced hemiparkinsonism to test a customized scale to rate the severity of stimulation-induced dyskinesia; we then used these ratings to choose low and high stimulation currents. Subsequent cylinder tests showed that stimulation at the higher current, inducing mild and short-lived dyskinesias, was required for robust improvement in forelimb use, contradicting the use of currents below stimulation-induced dyskinesia threshold. It was also beneficial to separately count both all touches and first touches with the cylinder wall; this provided additional sensitivity and robustness to our results. Scoring stimulation-induced dyskinesias can be used as a quantitative measure of dyskinesias and to choose stimulation currents. Cylinder test scoring separately for both first and all touches can improve both sensitivity and reliability. STN HFS at a current producing short-lived dyskinesias was required for robust improvement in forelimb use asymmetry.
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16
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Cocker PJ, Lin MY, Tremblay M, Kaur S, Winstanley CA. The β-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol ameliorates compulsive-like gambling behaviour in a rodent slot machine task: implications for iatrogenic gambling disorder. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2401-2414. [PMID: 30019362 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that chronic administration of the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist ropinirole invigorates performance on a rodent slot machine task (rSMT). This behavioural change appears superficially similar to the iatrogenic gambling disorder (GD) observed in a sub-set of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and has been associated with increased activation of the intra-cellular signalling proteins GSK3β and CREB in the striatum. Here, we wanted to determine whether this response to ropinirole could be attenuated by targeting these signalling proteins, and if the loss of dopaminergic innervation characteristic of PD would alter ropinirole's effects on the rSMT. Male Long Evans rats were trained on the rSMT. Dopaminergic terminals innervating the dorsolateral striatum were then lesioned bilaterally using the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride (6-OHDA). Subsequently animals were implanted with osmotic mini-pumps delivering ropinirole. Lastly, animals were given dietary lithium (Li+ ), to inhibit the activation of GSK3β, or injections of the ß-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, which potently inhibits CREB as a secondary mechanism of action, and any changes in ropinirole-induced increases in compulsive-like engagement in the rSMT evaluated. Chronic ropinirole increased the number of trials animals completed, reproducing our original finding. This increase in task engagement was not altered in animals with 6-OHDA lesions, a putative model of early PD. In addition, the effects of ropinirole were not attenuated by administration of Li+ , but were ameliorated by propranolol. These data suggest that propranolol may represent a potential pharmacotherapy for the treatment of iatrogenic gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Cocker
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Y Lin
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C A Winstanley
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kumaravelu K, Oza CS, Behrend CE, Grill WM. Model-based deconstruction of cortical evoked potentials generated by subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:662-680. [PMID: 29694280 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00862.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is associated with altered neural activity in the motor cortex. Chronic high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is effective in suppressing parkinsonian motor symptoms and modulates cortical activity. However, the anatomical pathways responsible for STN DBS-mediated cortical modulation remain unclear. Cortical evoked potentials (cEP) generated by STN DBS reflect the response of cortex to subcortical stimulation, and the goal of this study was to determine the neural origin of STN DBS-generated cEP using a two-step approach. First, we recorded cEP over ipsilateral primary motor cortex during different frequencies of STN DBS in awake healthy and unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned parkinsonian rats. Second, we used a detailed, biophysically based model of the thalamocortical network to deconstruct the neural origin of the recorded cEP. The in vivo cEP included short (R1)-, intermediate (R2)-, and long-latency (R3) responses. Model-based cortical responses to simulated STN DBS matched remarkably well the in vivo responses. The short-latency response was generated by antidromic activation of layer 5 pyramidal neurons, whereas recurrent activation of layer 5 pyramidal neurons via excitatory axon collaterals reproduced the intermediate-latency response. The long-latency response was generated by polysynaptic activation of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons via the cortico-thalamic-cortical pathway. Antidromic activation of the hyperdirect pathway and subsequent intracortical and cortico-thalamo-cortical synaptic interactions were sufficient to generate cortical potential evoked by STN DBS, and orthodromic activation through basal ganglia-thalamus-cortex pathways was not required. These results demonstrate the utility of cEP to determine the neural elements activated by STN DBS that might modulate cortical activity and contribute to the suppression of parkinsonian symptoms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is increasingly used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Cortical potentials evoked by STN DBS in patients with PD exhibit consistent short-latency (1-3 ms), intermediate-latency (5-15 ms), and long-latency (18-25 ms) responses. The short-latency response occurs as a result of antidromic activation of the hyperdirect pathway comprising corticosubthalamic axons. However, the neural origins of intermediate- and long-latency responses remain elusive, and the dominant view is that these are produced through the orthodromic pathway (basal ganglia-thalamus-cortex). By combining in vivo electrophysiology with computational modeling, we demonstrate that antidromic activation of the cortico-thalamic-cortical pathway is sufficient to generate the intermediate- and long-latency cortical responses to STN DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Kumaravelu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chintan S Oza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christina E Behrend
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina.,School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
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Bonnevie T, Zaghloul KA. The Subthalamic Nucleus: Unravelling New Roles and Mechanisms in the Control of Action. Neuroscientist 2018; 25:48-64. [PMID: 29557710 DOI: 10.1177/1073858418763594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
How do we decide what we do? This is the essence of action control, the process of selecting the most appropriate response among multiple possible choices. Suboptimal action control can involve a failure to initiate or adapt actions, or conversely it can involve making actions impulsively. There has been an increasing focus on the specific role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in action control. This has been fueled by the clinical relevance of this basal ganglia nucleus as a target for deep brain stimulation (DBS), primarily in Parkinson's disease but also in obsessive-compulsive disorder. The context of DBS has opened windows to study STN function in ways that link neuroscientific and clinical fields closely together, contributing to an exceptionally high level of two-way translation. In this review, we first outline the role of the STN in both motor and nonmotor action control, and then discuss how these functions might be implemented by neuronal activity in the STN. Gaining a better understanding of these topics will not only provide important insights into the neurophysiology of action control but also the pathophysiological mechanisms relevant for several brain disorders and their therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tora Bonnevie
- 1 Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,2 Neuroclinic, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,3 Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kareem A Zaghloul
- 4 Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Chagraoui A, Boukhzar L, Thibaut F, Anouar Y, Maltête D. The pathophysiological mechanisms of motivational deficits in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:138-152. [PMID: 29097256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative disorder that leads to disabling motor symptoms and a wide variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Apathy is the most common psychiatric disorder in the early stages of untreated PD and can be defined as a hypodopaminergic syndrome, which also includes anxiety and depression. Apathy is also considered the core feature of the parkinsonian triad (apathy, anxiety and depression) of behavioural non-motor signs, including a motivational deficit. Moreover, apathy is recognised as a distinct chronic neuropsychiatric behavioural disorder based on specific diagnostic criteria. Given the prevalence of apathy in approximately 40% of the general Parkinson's disease population, this appears to be a contributing factor to dementia in PD; also, apathy symptoms are factors that potentially contribute to morbidity, leading to a major impairment of health-related quality of life, thus stressing the importance of understanding the pathophysiology of this disease. Several studies have clearly established a prominent role for DA-mediated signals in PD apathy. However, synergistic interaction between dopaminergic impairment resulting from the neurodegenerative process and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus may cause or exacerbate apathy. Furthermore, serotoninergic mechanism signalling is also likely to be of importance in this pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chagraoui
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France.; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - L Boukhzar
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - F Thibaut
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cochin (site Tarnier), University of Paris-Descartes and INSERM U 894 Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Y Anouar
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - D Maltête
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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20
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Pasquereau B, Turner RS. A selective role for ventromedial subthalamic nucleus in inhibitory control. eLife 2017; 6:31627. [PMID: 29199955 PMCID: PMC5730370 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is hypothesized to play a central role in the rapid stopping of movement in reaction to a stop signal. Single-unit recording evidence for such a role is sparse, however, and it remains uncertain how that role relates to the disparate functions described for anatomic subdivisions of the STN. Here we address that gap in knowledge using non-human primates and a task that distinguishes reactive and proactive action inhibition, switching and skeletomotor functions. We found that specific subsets of STN neurons have activity consistent with causal roles in reactive action stopping or switching. Importantly, these neurons were strictly segregated to a ventromedial region of STN. Neurons in other subdivisions encoded task dimensions such as movement per se and proactive control. We propose that the involvement of STN in reactive control is restricted to its ventromedial portion, further implicating this STN subdivision in impulse control disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pasquereau
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR 5229, Bron, France.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Robert S Turner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
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21
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Hamani C, Florence G, Heinsen H, Plantinga BR, Temel Y, Uludag K, Alho E, Teixeira MJ, Amaro E, Fonoff ET. Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation: Basic Concepts and Novel Perspectives. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0140-17.2017. [PMID: 28966978 PMCID: PMC5617209 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0140-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, extensive basic and clinical knowledge has been acquired on the use of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD). It is now clear that mechanisms involved in the effects of this therapy are far more complex than previously anticipated. At frequencies commonly used in clinical practice, neural elements may be excited or inhibited and novel dynamic states of equilibrium are reached. Electrode contacts used for chronic DBS in PD are placed near the dorsal border of the nucleus, a highly cellular region. DBS may thus exert its effects by modulating these cells, hyperdirect projections from motor cortical areas, afferent and efferent fibers to the motor STN. Advancements in neuroimaging techniques may allow us to identify these structures optimizing surgical targeting. In this review, we provide an update on mechanisms and the neural elements modulated by STN DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Hamani
- Division of Neurosurgery Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neuroimaging, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Florence
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Clinic of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Birgit R. Plantinga
- Department of Biomedical Image Analysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kamil Uludag
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Alho
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel J. Teixeira
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erich T. Fonoff
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Adams WK, Vonder Haar C, Tremblay M, Cocker PJ, Silveira MM, Kaur S, Baunez C, Winstanley CA. Deep-Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Selectively Decreases Risky Choice in Risk-Preferring Rats. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0094-17.2017. [PMID: 28791332 PMCID: PMC5547195 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0094-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) can improve the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and negate the problematic side effects of dopamine replacement therapy. Although there is concern that STN-DBS may enhance the development of gambling disorder and other impulse control disorders in this patient group, recent data suggest that STN-DBS may actually reduce iatrogenic impulse control disorders, and alleviate obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we sought to determine whether STN-DBS was beneficial or detrimental to performance of the rat gambling task (rGT), a rodent analogue of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) used to assess risky decision making clinically. Rats chose between four options associated with different amounts and probabilities of sugar pellet rewards versus timeout punishments. As in the IGT, the optimal approach was to favor options associated with smaller per-trial gains but lower timeout penalties. Once a stable behavioral baseline was established, electrodes were implanted bilaterally into the STN, and the effects of STN-DBS assessed on-task over 10 consecutive sessions using an A-B-A design. STN-DBS did not affect choice in optimal decision makers that correctly favored options associated with smaller per-trial gains but also lower penalties. However, a minority (∼25%) preferred the maladaptive "high-risk, high-reward" options at baseline. STN-DBS significantly and progressively improved choice in these risk-preferring rats. These data support the hypothesis that STN-DBS may be beneficial in ameliorating maladaptive decision making associated with compulsive and addiction disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K. Adams
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cole Vonder Haar
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Melanie Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Paul J. Cocker
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mason M. Silveira
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christelle Baunez
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille Université, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Catharine A. Winstanley
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Schippers MC, Bruinsma B, Gaastra M, Mesman TI, Denys D, De Vries TJ, Pattij T. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens Core Affects Trait Impulsivity in a Baseline-Dependent Manner. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:52. [PMID: 28386221 PMCID: PMC5362621 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NA) is explored as a treatment for refractory psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depressive disorder (MDD), and substance use disorder (SUD). A common feature of some of these disorders is pathological impulsivity. Here, the effects of NAcore DBS on impulsive choice and impulsive action, two distinct forms of impulsive behavior, were investigated in translational animal tasks, the delayed reward task (DRT) and five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), respectively. In both tasks, the effects of NAcore DBS were negatively correlated with baseline impulsive behavior, with more pronounced effects in the 5-CSRTT. To further examine the effects of DBS on trait impulsive action, rats were screened for high (HI) and low (LI) impulsive responding in the 5-CSRTT. NAcore DBS decreased impulsive, premature responding in HI rats under conventional conditions. However, upon challenged conditions to increase impulsive responding, NAcore DBS did not alter impulsivity. These results strongly suggest a baseline-dependent effect of DBS on impulsivity, which is in line with clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Schippers
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Bruinsma
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Gaastra
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja I Mesman
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Tait DS, Phillips JM, Blackwell AD, Brown VJ. Effects of lesions of the subthalamic nucleus/zona incerta area and dorsomedial striatum on attentional set-shifting in the rat. Neuroscience 2017; 345:287-296. [PMID: 27522961 PMCID: PMC5321403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) show cognitive impairments, including difficulty in shifting attention between perceptual dimensions of complex stimuli. Inactivation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been shown to be effective in ameliorating the motor abnormalities associated with striatal dopamine (DA) depletion, but it is possible that STN inactivation might result in additional, perhaps attentional, deficits. This study examined the effects of: DA depletion from the dorsomedial striatum (DMS); lesions of the STN area; and the effects of the two lesions together, on the ability to shift attentional set in the rat. In a single session, rats performed the intradimensional/extradimensional (ID/ED) test of attentional set-shifting. This comprises a series of seven, two-choice discriminations, including acquisitions of novel discriminations in which the relevant stimulus is either in the currently attended dimension (ID) or the currently unattended dimension (ED shift) and reversals (REVs) following each acquisition stage. Bilateral lesions were made by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the DMS, resulting in a selective impairment in reversal learning. Large bilateral ibotenic acid lesions centered on the STN resulted in an increase in trials to criterion in the initial stages, but learning rate improved within the session. There was no evidence of a 'cost' of set-shifting - the ED stage was completed in fewer trials than the ID stage - and neither was there a cost of reversal learning. Strikingly, combined lesions of both regions did not resemble the effects of either lesion alone and resulted in no apparent deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Tait
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK.
| | - Janice M Phillips
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Andrew D Blackwell
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Verity J Brown
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK
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Tremblay M, Silveira MM, Kaur S, Hosking JG, Adams WK, Baunez C, Winstanley CA. Chronic D 2/3 agonist ropinirole treatment increases preference for uncertainty in rats regardless of baseline choice patterns. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:159-166. [PMID: 27422144 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
D2/3 receptor agonists are effective treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD), but can precipitate impulse control disorders (ICDs) including gambling disorder (GD). The neurobiological mechanisms underlying this devastating side-effect of dopamine agonist replacement therapy (DRT), and any dependence on the dopamine depletion caused by PD, are unclear. It is also unclear whether previous biases towards risk or uncertainty are a risk factor for developing these ICDs. We investigated whether chronic D2/3 agonist administration (5 mg/kg/day ropinirole for 28 days) altered performance of a rat model of gambling-like behaviour, the rodent betting task (rBT), and examined if baseline behaviour predicted this behavioural change. The rBT captures individual differences in subjective preference for uncertain outcomes: animals choose between guaranteed or probabilistic reinforcement of equal expected value. Chronic ropinirole dramatically increased selection of the uncertain option in two-thirds of animals, regardless of baseline preferences. The effect on choice in the rBT was replicated in a dorsolateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of early PD. These studies are the first to look at individual differences in response to chronic, rather than pulsatile, dosing of DRT in a rodent model of gambling behaviour. These findings suggest that DRT-induced PG may stem from increases in subjective valuation of uncertainty. Such symptoms likely arise because of changes in dopaminergic striatal signalling caused by DRT rather than from an interaction between pre-morbid behaviours or PD itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mason M Silveira
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jay G Hosking
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wendy K Adams
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christelle Baunez
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), UMR7289, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) & Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Catharine A Winstanley
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Sierra M, Carnicella S, Strafella AP, Bichon A, Lhommée E, Castrioto A, Chabardes S, Thobois S, Krack P. Apathy and Impulse Control Disorders: Yin & Yang of Dopamine Dependent Behaviors. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 5:625-36. [PMID: 25870025 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Apathy and impulse control disorders (ICD) are two opposite motivational expressions of a continuous behavioural spectrum involving hypo- and hyperdopaminergia. Both syndromes share pathological (decreased vs increased) dopamine receptor stimulation states. Apathy belongs to the spectrum of hypodopaminergic symptoms together with anhedonia, anxiety and depression. Apathy is a key symptom of PD which worsens with disease progression. Animal models, imaging and pharmacological studies concur in pointing out dopaminergic denervation in the aetiology of parkinsonian apathy with a cardinal role of decreased tonic D2/D3 receptor stimulation. ICDs are part of the hyperdopaminergic behavioural spectrum, which also includes punding, and dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS), which are all related to non-physiological dopaminergic stimulation induced by antiparkinsonian drugs. According to clinical data tonic D2/D3 receptor stimulation can be sufficient to induce ICDs. Clinical observations in drug addiction and PD as well as data from studies in dopamine depleted rodents provide hints allowing to argue that both pulsatile D1 and D2 receptor stimulation and the severity of dopaminergic denervation are risk factors to develop punding behavior and DDS. Imaging studies have shown that the brain structures involved in drug addiction are also involved in hyperdopaminergic behaviours with increase of bottom-up appetitive drive and decrease in prefrontal top down behavioural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sierra
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV)", University of Cantabria and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", Santander, Spain
| | | | - Antonio P Strafella
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit - E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital and Research Institute, UHN & Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amélie Bichon
- Movement Disorder Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU de Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Universités, France; and INSERM, Unit 836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Eugénie Lhommée
- Movement Disorder Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU de Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Universités, France; and INSERM, Unit 836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Castrioto
- Movement Disorder Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU de Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Universités, France; and INSERM, Unit 836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephan Chabardes
- Department of Neurosurgery CHU de Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France and INSERM, Unité 836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, UMR5229, Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Bron, France; Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Paul Krack
- Movement Disorder Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHU de Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Universités, France; and INSERM, Unit 836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
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Chassain C, Melon C, Salin P, Vitale F, Couraud S, Durif F, Kerkerian-Le Goff L, Gubellini P. Metabolic, synaptic and behavioral impact of 5-week chronic deep brain stimulation in hemiparkinsonian rats. J Neurochem 2015; 136:1004-16. [PMID: 26576509 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The long-term effects and action mechanisms of subthalamic nucleus (STN) high-frequency stimulation (HFS) for Parkinson's disease still remain poorly characterized, mainly due to the lack of experimental models relevant to clinical application. To address this issue, we performed a multilevel study in freely moving hemiparkinsonian rats undergoing 5-week chronic STN HFS, using a portable constant-current microstimulator. In vivo metabolic neuroimaging by (1) H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (11.7 T) showed that STN HFS normalized the tissue levels of the neurotransmission-related metabolites glutamate, glutamine and GABA in both the striatum and substantia nigra reticulata (SNr), which were significantly increased in hemiparkinsonian rats, but further decreased nigral GABA levels below control values; taurine levels, which were not affected in hemiparkinsonian rats, were significantly reduced. Slice electrophysiological recordings revealed that STN HFS was, uniquely among antiparkinsonian treatments, able to restore both forms of corticostriatal synaptic plasticity, i.e. long-term depression and potentiation, which were impaired in hemiparkinsonian rats. Behavior analysis (staircase test) showed a progressive recovery of motor skill during the stimulation period. Altogether, these data show that chronic STN HFS efficiently counteracts metabolic and synaptic defects due to dopaminergic lesion in both the striatum and SNr. Comparison of chronic STN HFS with acute and subchronic treatment further suggests that the long-term benefits of this treatment rely both on the maintenance of acute effects and on delayed actions on the basal ganglia network. We studied the effects of chronic (5 weeks) continuous subthalamic nucleus (STN) high-frequency stimulation (HFS) in hemiparkinsonian rats. The levels of glutamate and GABA in the striatum () and substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) (), measured by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS), were increased by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion, which also disrupted corticostriatal synaptic plasticity () and impaired forepaw skill () in the staircase test. Five-week STN HFS normalized glutamate and GABA levels and restored both synaptic plasticity and motor function. A partial behavioral recovery was observed at 2-week STN HFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Chassain
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand and Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Melon
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM) UMR7288, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Salin
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM) UMR7288, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Flora Vitale
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM) UMR7288, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Couraud
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM) UMR7288, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Durif
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand and Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydia Kerkerian-Le Goff
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM) UMR7288, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Paolo Gubellini
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM) UMR7288, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
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Rossi PJ, Gunduz A, Okun MS. The Subthalamic Nucleus, Limbic Function, and Impulse Control. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:398-410. [PMID: 26577509 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to address some of the disabling motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) can evoke unintended effects, especially on non-motor behavior. This observation has catalyzed more than a decade of research concentrated on establishing trends and identifying potential mechanisms for these non-motor effects. While many issues remain unresolved, the collective result of many research studies and clinical observations has been a general recognition of the role of the STN in mediating limbic function. In particular, the STN has been implicated in impulse control and the related construct of valence processing. A better understanding of STN involvement in these phenomena could have important implications for treating impulse control disorders (ICDs). ICDs affect up to 40% of PD patients on dopamine agonist therapy and approximately 15% of PD patients overall. ICDs have been reported to be associated with STN DBS. In this paper we will focus on impulse control and review pre-clinical, clinical, behavioral, imaging, and electrophysiological studies pertaining to the limbic function of the STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Justin Rossi
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, HSC Box 100236, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0236, USA.
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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29
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Subthalamic nucleus high-frequency stimulation modulates neuronal reactivity to cocaine within the reward circuit. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 80:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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30
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Jahanshahi M, Obeso I, Baunez C, Alegre M, Krack P. Parkinson's Disease, the Subthalamic Nucleus, Inhibition, and Impulsivity. Mov Disord 2014; 30:128-40. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Jahanshahi
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience Group and Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Obeso
- CINAC, HM-Puerta del Sur, Hospitales de Madrid; CEU-San Pablo University, Móstoles; Madrid Spain
| | - Christelle Baunez
- Basal Ganglia, Motivation and Reward' (BAGAMORE), Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289 CNRS and AMU (Aix Marseille Universite); Marseille France
| | - Manuel Alegre
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, CIMA, University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Paul Krack
- INSERM U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alpes, GIN, Grenoble, France, and CHU de Grenoble, Movement Disorder Unit; Grenoble France
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31
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Chakravarthy VS. Do basal Ganglia amplify willed action by stochastic resonance? A model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75657. [PMID: 24302984 PMCID: PMC3841152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal ganglia are usually attributed a role in facilitating willed action, which is found to be impaired in Parkinson's disease, a pathology of basal ganglia. We hypothesize that basal ganglia possess the machinery to amplify will signals, presumably weak, by stochastic resonance. Recently we proposed a computational model of Parkinsonian reaching, in which the contributions from basal ganglia aid the motor cortex in learning to reach. The model was cast in reinforcement learning framework. We now show that the above basal ganglia computational model has all the ingredients of stochastic resonance process. In the proposed computational model, we consider the problem of moving an arm from a rest position to a target position: the two positions correspond to two extrema of the value function. A single kick (a half-wave of sinusoid, of sufficiently low amplitude) given to the system in resting position, succeeds in taking the system to the target position, with high probability, only at a critical noise level. But for suboptimal noise levels, the model arm's movements resemble Parkinsonian movement symptoms like akinetic rigidity (low noise) and dyskinesias (high noise).
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Lustig C, Kozak R, Sarter M, Young JW, Robbins TW. CNTRICS final animal model task selection: control of attention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2099-110. [PMID: 22683929 PMCID: PMC3490036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with impaired attention. The top-down control of attention, defined as the ability to guide and refocus attention in accordance with internal goals and representations, was identified by the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS) initiative as an important construct for task development and research. A recent CNTRICS meeting identified three tasks commonly used with rodent models as having high construct validity and promise for further development: The 5-choice serial reaction time task, the 5-choice continuous performance task, and the distractor condition sustained attention task. Here we describe their current status, including data on their neural substrates, evidence for sensitivity to neuropharmacological manipulations and genetic influences, and data from animal models of the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. A common strength is the development of parallel human tasks to facilitate connections to the neural circuitry and drug development research done in these animal models. We conclude with recommendations for the steps needed to improve testing so that it better represents the complex biological and behavioral picture presented by schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lustig
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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33
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Weintraub DB, Zaghloul KA. The role of the subthalamic nucleus in cognition. Rev Neurosci 2013; 24:125-38. [PMID: 23327862 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2012-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Because the complex functions of the basal ganglia have been increasingly studied over the past several decades, the understanding of the role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in motor and cognitive functions has evolved. The traditional role in motor function ascribed to the STN, based on its involvement in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical motor loops, the pathologic STN activity seen in Parkinson's disease, and the benefits in motor symptoms following STN lesions and deep brain stimulation, has been revised to include wider cognitive functions. The increased attention focused on such nonmotor functions housed within the STN partially arose from the observed cognitive and affective side effects seen with STN deep brain stimulation. The multiple modalities of research have corroborated these findings and have provided converging evidence that the STN is critically involved in cognitive processes. In particular, numerous experiments have demonstrated the involvement of the STN in high-conflict decisions. The different STN functions appear to be related to activity in anatomically distinct subregions, with the ventral STN contributing to high-conflict decision-making through its role in the hyperdirect pathway involving the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Weintraub
- Surgical Neurology Branch, Mational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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34
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Lindemann C, Alam M, Krauss JK, Schwabe K. Neuronal activity in the medial associative-limbic and lateral motor part of the rat subthalamic nucleus and the effect of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the dorsolateral striatum. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:3226-40. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lindemann
- Department of Neurosurgery; Hannover Medical School; 30625; Hannover; Germany
| | - Mesbah Alam
- Department of Neurosurgery; Hannover Medical School; 30625; Hannover; Germany
| | - Joachim K. Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery; Hannover Medical School; 30625; Hannover; Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Department of Neurosurgery; Hannover Medical School; 30625; Hannover; Germany
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35
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Reymann JM, Naudet F, Pihan M, Saïkali S, Laviolle B, Bentué-Ferrer D. Subthalamic nucleus modulates social and anxogenic-like behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2013; 252:356-62. [PMID: 23748197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, global social maladjustment and anxiety are frequent after subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation and are generally considered to be linked with sociofamilial alterations induced by the motor effects of stimulation. We hypothesized that the STN is per se involved in these changes and aimed to explore the role of STN in social and anxogenic-like behaviors using an animal model. Nineteen male Wistar rats with bilateral lesions of the STN were compared with 26 sham-lesioned rats by synchronizing an ethological approach based upon direct observation of social behaviors and a standardized approach, the elevated plus maze (EPM). Comparisons between groups were performed by a Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. Lesioned rats showed impairments in their social (P=0.05) and aggressive behaviors with a diminution of attacking (P=0.04) and chasing (P=0.06). In the EPM, concerning the open arms, the percentage of distance, time, inactive time, and entry were significantly decreased in lesioned rats (P=0.02, P=0.01, P=0.04, and P=0.05). The time spent in non-protected head dips was also diminished in the lesioned rats (P=0.01). These results strongly implicate the STN in social behavior and anxogenic-like behavior. In human, as DBS induces changes in the underlying dynamics of the stimulated brain networks, it could create an abnormal brain state in which anxiety and social behavior are altered. These results highlight another level of complexity of the behavioral changes after stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Reymann
- Université de Rennes 1, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, France
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36
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Klanker M, Post G, Joosten R, Feenstra M, Denys D. Deep brain stimulation in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex impairs spatial reversal learning. Behav Brain Res 2013; 245:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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37
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Burbaud P, Clair AH, Langbour N, Fernandez-Vidal S, Goillandeau M, Michelet T, Bardinet E, Chéreau I, Durif F, Polosan M, Chabardès S, Fontaine D, Magnié-Mauro MN, Houeto JL, Bataille B, Millet B, Vérin M, Baup N, Krebs MO, Cornu P, Pelissolo A, Arbus C, Simonetta-Moreau M, Yelnik J, Welter ML, Mallet L. Neuronal activity correlated with checking behaviour in the subthalamic nucleus of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:304-17. [PMID: 23365104 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Doubt, and its behavioural correlate, checking, is a normal phenomenon of human cognition that is dramatically exacerbated in obsessive-compulsive disorder. We recently showed that deep brain stimulation in the associative-limbic area of the subthalamic nucleus, a central core of the basal ganglia, improved obsessive-compulsive disorder. To understand the physiological bases of symptoms in such patients, we recorded the activity of individual neurons in the therapeutic target during surgery while subjects performed a cognitive task that gave them the possibility of unrestricted repetitive checking after they had made a choice. We postulated that the activity of neurons in this region could be influenced by doubt and checking behaviour. Among the 63/87 task-related neurons recorded in 10 patients, 60% responded to various combinations of instructions, delay, movement or feedback, thus highlighting their role in the integration of different types of information. In addition, task-related activity directed towards decision-making increased during trials with checking in comparison with those without checking. These results suggest that the associative-limbic subthalamic nucleus plays a role in doubt-related repetitive thoughts. Overall, our results not only provide new insight into the role of the subthalamic nucleus in human cognition but also support the fact that subthalamic nucleus modulation by deep brain stimulation reduced compulsive behaviour in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Burbaud
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS UMR5293, Université Victor Segalen, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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38
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Aleksandrova LR, Creed MC, Fletcher PJ, Lobo DSS, Hamani C, Nobrega JN. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus increases premature responding in a rat gambling task. Behav Brain Res 2013; 245:76-82. [PMID: 23434606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is a treatment option for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, several recent studies have found an association between STN-DBS and increased impulsivity. Currently, it is not clear whether the observed increase in impulsivity results from STN-DBS per se, or whether it involves an interaction with the underlying PD neuropathology and/or intake of dopaminergic drugs. We investigated the effects of STN-DBS on performance of intact rats on two tasks measuring impulsive responding: a novel rat gambling task (rGT) and a differential reinforcement of low rate responding (DRL20s) schedule. Following initial behavioural training, animals received electrode implantation into the STN (n=24) or sham surgery (n=24), and were re-tested on their assigned behavioural task, with or without STN-DBS. Bilateral STN-DBS administered for two hours immediately prior to testing, had no effects on rGT choice behaviour or on DRL response inhibition (p>0.05). However, STN-DBS significantly increased premature responding in the rGT task (p=0.0004), an effect that took several sessions to develop and persisted in subsequent trials when no stimulation was given. Consistent with the notion of distinct facets of impulsivity with unique neurochemical underpinnings, we observed differential effects of STN-DBS in the two tasks employed. These results suggest that STN-DBS in the absence of parkinsonism may not lead to a general loss of inhibitory control, but may instead affect impulsivity under specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily R Aleksandrova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Baunez C, Yelnik J, Mallet L. Six questions on the subthalamic nucleus: lessons from animal models and from stimulated patients. Neuroscience 2011; 198:193-204. [PMID: 22001680 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Baunez
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition-LNC, UMR6155 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, F-13000 Marseille, France.
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Baláž M, Bočková M, Rektorová I, Rektor I. Involvement of the subthalamic nucleus in cognitive functions — A concept. J Neurol Sci 2011; 310:96-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Baunez C, Lardeux S. Frontal cortex-like functions of the subthalamic nucleus. Front Syst Neurosci 2011; 5:83. [PMID: 22013416 PMCID: PMC3190186 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00083 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00083/abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been considered a motor structure for a long time. Over the last 20 years, anatomical and behavioral data have highlighted the position of the STN within a prefrontal-associative and a limbic loops, suggesting that the STN should play a critical role in frontal functions such as attention, inhibitory control (including impulsive action, compulsivity, impulsive choice), and motivation. Here we will review the work highlighting these functions of the STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Baunez
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, UMR6155 CNRS, Université de Provence MarseilleMarseille, Frances
- Pôle3C, UMR6155, Université de ProvenceMarseille, France
| | - Sylvie Lardeux
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, UMR6155 CNRS, Université de Provence MarseilleMarseille, Frances
- Pôle3C, UMR6155, Université de ProvenceMarseille, France
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Baunez C, Lardeux S. Frontal cortex-like functions of the subthalamic nucleus. Front Syst Neurosci 2011; 5:83. [PMID: 22013416 PMCID: PMC3190186 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been considered a motor structure for a long time. Over the last 20 years, anatomical and behavioral data have highlighted the position of the STN within a prefrontal-associative and a limbic loops, suggesting that the STN should play a critical role in frontal functions such as attention, inhibitory control (including impulsive action, compulsivity, impulsive choice), and motivation. Here we will review the work highlighting these functions of the STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Baunez
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, UMR6155 CNRS, Université de Provence Marseille Marseille, Frances
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Serranová T, Jech R, Dušek P, Sieger T, Růžička F, Urgošík D, Růžička E. Subthalamic nucleus stimulation affects incentive salience attribution in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011; 26:2260-6. [PMID: 21780183 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) can induce nonmotor side effects such as behavioral and mood disturbances or body weight gain in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. We hypothesized that some of these problems could be related to an altered attribution of incentive salience (ie, emotional relevance) to rewarding and aversive stimuli. Twenty PD patients (all men; mean age ± SD, 58.3 ± 6 years) in bilateral STN DBS switched ON and OFF conditions and 18 matched controls rated pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System according to emotional valence (unpleasantness/pleasantness) and arousal on 2 independent visual scales ranging from 1 to 9. Eighty-four pictures depicting primary rewarding (erotica and food) and aversive fearful (victims and threat) and neutral stimuli were selected for this study. In the STN DBS ON condition, the PD patients attributed lower valence scores to the aversive pictures compared with the OFF condition (P < .01) and compared with controls (P < .01). The difference between the OFF condition and controls was less pronounced (P < .05). Furthermore, postoperative weight gain correlated with arousal ratings from the food pictures in the STN DBS ON condition (P < .05 compensated for OFF condition). Our results suggest that STN DBS increases activation of the aversive motivational system so that more relevance is attributed to aversive fearful stimuli. In addition, STN DBS-related sensitivity to food reward stimuli cues might drive DBS-treated patients to higher food intake and subsequent weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Serranová
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Activity modulation of the globus pallidus and the nucleus entopeduncularis affects compulsive checking in rats. Behav Brain Res 2011; 219:149-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Baunez C. A few examples of the contribution of animal research in rodents for clinical application of deep brain stimulation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2011; 194:105-16. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53815-4.00013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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46
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Involvement of the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus in attention. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 118:1235-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Klein J, Winter C, Coquery N, Heinz A, Morgenstern R, Kupsch A, Juckel G. Lesion of the medial prefrontal cortex and the subthalamic nucleus selectively affect depression-like behavior in rats. Behav Brain Res 2010; 213:73-81. [PMID: 20434489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Robert G, Drapier D, Verin M, Millet B, Azulay JP, Blin O. Cognitive impulsivity in Parkinson's disease patients: assessment and pathophysiology. Mov Disord 2010; 24:2316-27. [PMID: 19908312 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity may be induced by therapeutic interventions (dopamine replacement therapies and sub-thalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The present review has two goals. First, to describe the most frequently encountered facets of cognitive impulsivity and to stress the links between cognitive impulsivity and aspects such as reward-related decision making, risk-taking, and time-processing in healthy population. The most widely used related cognitive impulsivity paradigms are presented. Second, to review the results of studies on cognitive impulsivity in healthy volunteers and in patients with PD, the latter support the applicability and clinical relevance of this construct in PD population. Data show that PD treatments may favor impulsivity via different mechanisms. Suggestions on the roles of dopamine and STN in the pathophysiology of cognitive impulsivity are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Robert
- UPCET et Pharmacologie Clinique, CNRS, Marseille, France
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Rouaud T, Lardeux S, Panayotis N, Paleressompoulle D, Cador M, Baunez C. Reducing the desire for cocaine with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:1196-200. [PMID: 20080543 PMCID: PMC2824319 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908189107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a reversible technique that is currently used for the treatment of Parkinson disease and may be suitable for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Whether DBS inactivates the target structure is still a matter of debate. Here, from findings obtained in rats, we propose DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) as a possible treatment for cocaine addiction to be further tested in human studies. We show that STN DBS reversibly reduces the motivation to work for an i.v. injection of cocaine, and it increases motivation to work for sucrose pellets. These opposite effects may result from STN DBS effect on the positive affective properties of these rewards. Indeed, we further show that STN DBS reduces the preference for a place previously associated with the rewarding properties of cocaine, and it increases the preference for a place associated with food. Because these findings are consistent with those observed after STN lesions [Baunez C, Dias C, Cador M, Amalric M (2005) Nat Neurosci 8:484-489], they suggest that STN DBS mimics an inactivation of the STN on motivational processes. Furthermore, given that one of the major challenges for cocaine addiction is to find a treatment that reduces the craving for the drug without diminishing the motivation for naturally rewarding activities, our findings validate STN as a good target and DBS as the appropriate technique for a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Rouaud
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR6155, Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France; and
| | - Sylvie Lardeux
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR6155, Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France; and
| | - Nicolas Panayotis
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR6155, Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France; and
| | - Dany Paleressompoulle
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR6155, Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France; and
| | - Martine Cador
- Team Neurospychopharmacologie de L’Addiction, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5227, Université Bordeaux 1 and 2, BP31, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Baunez
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR6155, Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France; and
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Eagle DM, Baunez C. Is there an inhibitory-response-control system in the rat? Evidence from anatomical and pharmacological studies of behavioral inhibition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 34:50-72. [PMID: 19615404 PMCID: PMC2789250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many common psychiatric conditions, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Parkinson's disease, addiction and pathological gambling are linked by a failure in the mechanisms that control, or inhibit, inappropriate behavior. Models of rat behavioral inhibition permit us to study in detail the anatomical and pharmacological bases of inhibitory failure, using methods that translate directly with patient assessment in the clinic. This review updates current ideas relating to behavioral inhibition based on two significant lines of evidence from rat studies: (1) To integrate new findings from the stop-signal task into existing models of behavioral inhibition, in particular relating to 'impulsive action' control. The stop-signal task has been used for a number of years to evaluate psychiatric conditions and has recently been translated for use in the rat, bringing a wealth of new information to behavioral inhibition research. (2) To consider the importance of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in the neural circuitry of behavioral inhibition. This function of this nucleus is central to a number of 'disinhibitory' disorders such as Parkinson's disease and OCD, and their therapies, but its role in behavioral inhibition is still undervalued, and often not considered in preclinical models of behavioral control. Integration of these findings has pinpointed the orbitofrontal cortex (OF), dorsomedial striatum (DMStr) and STN within a network that normally inhibits many forms of behavior, including both impulsive and compulsive forms. However, there are distinct differences between behavioral subtypes in their neurochemical modulation. This review brings new light to the classical view of the mechanisms that inhibit behavior, in particular suggesting a far more prominent role for the STN, a structure that is usually omitted from conventional behavioral-inhibition networks. The OF-DMStr-STN circuitry may form the basis of a control network that defines behavioral inhibition and that acts to suppress or countermand many forms of inappropriate or maladaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Eagle
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK.
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