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Ong HG, Jung EK, Kim YI, Lee JH, Kim BY, Kang DH, Shin JS, Kim YD. Population connectivity and size reductions in the Anthropocene: the consequence of landscapes and historical bottlenecks in white forsythia fragmented habitats. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:123. [PMID: 39390358 PMCID: PMC11465745 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White forsythia (Abeliophyllum distichum) is an endangered Korean Peninsula endemic that has been subjected to recent population genomics studies using SNPs via RAD sequencing. Here, we primarily employed the often underutilized haplotype information from RAD loci to further describe the species' previously uninvestigated haplotype-based genomic variation and structure, and genetic-geographic characteristics and gene flow patterns among its five earlier identified genetic groups. We also inferred the time of past events that may have impacted the effective population size of these groups, as well as the species' potential future distribution amidst the warming climate and anthropogenic threats. RESULTS Our findings emphasized the recognition of the species' regional patterns of genetic structure, and the role of topography and its associated gene flow patterns as some of the possible factors that may have influenced the species' present-day fragmented population distribution. The inferred bottleneck events during the Anthropocene, some of which aligned with the time of historical catastrophic events on the Peninsula (e.g., the Korean War), were revealed to have contributed to the generally low effective population size of its five lineages, particularly those with marginal distributional range. Future distribution under both optimistic and pessimistic climatic scenarios suggests unlikely suitable habitats for these populations to expand from their current range limits, at least in the next 80 years. CONCLUSIONS The small effective population size and landscape-driven limited gene flow among white forsythia populations will remain a big challenge for the conservation management of the species' already fragmented population distribution. To help mitigate these impacts, the merging of various research approaches and the use of genomic data to their full potential is recommended to provide the optimized knowledge-based tools for the conservation of this endangered species, and other similar plants under pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homervergel G Ong
- Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Eui-Kwon Jung
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Yong-In Kim
- On Biological Resource Research Institute (OBRRI), Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- On Biological Resource Research Institute (OBRRI), Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Bo-Yun Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kang
- Ecosystem Research Division, Korea National Park Research Institute, Wonju, 26441, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seo Shin
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Young-Dong Kim
- Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea.
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea.
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2
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Suarez-Contento KY, Teles CB, Alves-Ferreira G, Martins MLL, Athiê-Souza SM. Projected effects of climate change on the potential distribution range of Manihot species endemic to Northeast Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20231211. [PMID: 39383398 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420231211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a global concern, with far-reaching implications for biodiversity and ecosystems. Understanding impact on species distribution is crucial for effective conservation strategies. The aims of this study were to evaluate the projected effects of climate change on the potential distribution of Manihot species endemic to Northeast Brazil and estimate the presence of climate suitability within protected areas in the future. We used ecological niche models to assess the potential distribution of 11 endemic species, providing predictions of current and future scenarios using an optimistic and pessimistic climate change scenario. The results revealed that in the optimistic scenario, 45% of the species may experience a partial reduction in their potential distribution range by 2100, and this percentage increases to 54% in the pessimistic scenario. Other species, on the other hand, will increase their potential distribution. The climatically suitable area for most species will be inserted in some protected areas, but species with limited current distribution and decreasing potential range must be prioritized for conservation. This study provides valuable information about the future potential distribution of endemic species of Manihot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Yuliana Suarez-Contento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carolina B Teles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-000 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alves-Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-000 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Márcio L L Martins
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Rua Rui Barbosa, s/n, 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Sarah Maria Athiê-Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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3
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Devkota AR, Wilson T, Kaundal A. Soil and root microbiome analysis and isolation of plant growth-promoting bacteria from hybrid buffaloberry ( Shepherdia utahensis 'Torrey') across three locations. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1396064. [PMID: 39314875 PMCID: PMC11417967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1396064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of climate change are becoming increasingly hazardous for our ecosystem. Climate resilient landscaping, which promotes the use of native plants, has the potential to simultaneously decrease the rate of climate change, enhance climate resilience, and combat biodiversity losses. Native plants and their associated microbiome form a holo-organism; interaction between plants and microbes is responsible for plants' growth and proper functioning. In this study, we were interested in exploring the soil and root microbiome composition associated with Shepherdia utahensis, a drought hardy plant proposed for low water use landscaping, which is the hybrid between two native hardy shrubs of Utah, S. rotudifolia and S. argentea. The bulk soil, rhizosphere, root, and nodule samples of the hybrid Shepherdia plants were collected from three locations in Utah: the Logan Campus, the Greenville farm, and the Kaysville farm. The microbial diversity analysis was conducted, and plant growth-promoting bacteria were isolated and characterized from the rhizosphere. The results suggest no difference in alpha diversity between the locations; however, the beta diversity analysis suggests the bacterial community composition of bulk soil and nodule samples are different between the locations. The taxonomic classification suggests Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota are the dominant species in bulk soil and rhizosphere, and Actinobacteriota is solely found in root and nodule samples. However, the composition of the bacterial community was different among the locations. There was a great diversity in the genus composition in bulk soil and rhizosphere samples among the locations; however, Frankia was the dominant genus in root and nodule samples. Fifty-nine different bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and tested for seven plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, such as the ability to fix nitrogen, phosphates solubilization, protease activity, siderophore, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and catalase production, and ability to use ACC as nitrogen source. All the isolates produced some amount of IAA. Thirty-one showed at least four PGP traits and belonged to Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacterium, Massilia, Variovorax, and Pseudomonas. We shortlisted 10 isolates that showed all seven PGP traits and will be tested for plant growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amita Kaundal
- Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agricultural and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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4
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Godineau C, Theodorou K, Spigler RB. Effect of the Seed Bank on Evolutionary Rescue in Small Populations: Univariate and Multivariate Demogenetic Dynamics. Am Nat 2024; 204:221-241. [PMID: 39179238 DOI: 10.1086/731402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
AbstractUnder global change, the impact of seed banks on evolutionary rescue is uncertain. They buffer plant populations from demographic and genetic stochasticity but extend generation time and can become a reservoir of maladapted alleles. We built analytical and individual-based models to predict the effect of seed banks on the persistence of small annual plant populations facing an abrupt or sustained directional change in uni- or multivariate trait optima. Demogenetic dynamics predict that under most scenarios seed banks increase the lag yet enhance persistence to 200-250 years by absorbing demographic losses. Simulations indicate that the seed bank has a minimal impact on the genetic skew, although we suggest that this result could depend on the fitness component under selection. Our multivariate model reveals that by enlarging and reshaping the G matrix, seed banks can diminish the impact of mutational correlation and even accelerate adaptation under antagonistic pleiotropy relative to populations without a bank. We illustrate how the magnitude of optimum fluctuations, type and degree of optimum change, selection strength, and vital rates are weights that tip the scales determining persistence. Finally, our work highlights that migration from the past is not maladaptative when optimum fluctuations are large enough to create stepping stones to the new optimum.
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5
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Enderle L, Gribbe S, Muffler L, Weigel R, Hertel D, Leuschner C. A warmer climate impairs the growth performance of Central Europe's major timber species in lowland regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173665. [PMID: 38823720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent hot droughts have caused tree vitality decline and increased mortality in many forest regions on earth. Most of Central Europe's important timber species have suffered from the extreme 2018/2019 hot drought, confronting foresters with difficult questions about the choice of more drought- and heat-resistant tree species. We compared the growth dynamics of European beech, sessile oak, Scots pine and Douglas fir in a warmer and a cooler lowland region of Germany to explore the adaptive potential of the four species to climate warming (24 forest stands). The basal area increment (BAI) of the two conifers has declined since about 1990-2010 in both regions, and that of beech in the warmer region, while oak showed positive BAI trends. A 2 °C difference in mean temperatures and a higher frequency of hot days (temperature maximum >30 °C) resulted in greater sensitivity to a negative climatic water balance in beech and oak, and elevated sensitivity to summer heat in Douglas fir and pine. This suggests to include hot days in climate-growth analyses. Negative pointer years were closely related to dry years. Nevertheless, all species showed growth recovery within one to three years. We conclude that all four species are sensitive to a deteriorating climatic water balance and hot temperatures, and have so far not been able to successfully acclimate to the warmer climate, with especially Douglas and beech, but also Scots pine, being vulnerable to a warming and drying climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Enderle
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Stella Gribbe
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lena Muffler
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Ecological-Botanical Garden, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Robert Weigel
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Ecological-Botanical Garden, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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6
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Dong X, Stokes MF, Hendry AP, Larsen LG, Dolby GA. Geo-evolutionary feedbacks: integrating rapid evolution and landscape change. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:863-876. [PMID: 38862356 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We develop a conceptual framework for geo-evolutionary feedbacks which describes the mutual interplay between landscape change and the evolution of traits of organisms residing on the landscape, with an emphasis on contemporary timeframes. Geo-evolutionary feedbacks can be realized via the direct evolution of geomorphic engineering traits or can be mediated by the evolution of trait variation that affects the population size and distribution of the specific geomorphic engineering organisms involved. Organisms that modify their local environments provide the basis for patch-scale geo-evolutionary feedbacks, whereas spatial self-organization provides a mechanism for geo-evolutionary feedbacks at the landscape scale. Understanding these likely prevalent geo-evolutionary feedbacks, that occur at timescales similar to anthropogenic climate change, will be essential to better predict landscape adaptive capacity and change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Maya F Stokes
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurel G Larsen
- Department of Geography and Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Greer A Dolby
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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7
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Miryeganeh M, Armitage DW. Epigenetic responses of trees to environmental stress in the context of climate change. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 39192567 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
In long-lived tree populations, when environmental change outpaces rates of evolutionary adaptation, plasticity in traits related to stress tolerance, dormancy, and dispersal may be vital for preventing extinction. While a population's genetic background partly determines its ability to adapt to a changing environment, so too do the many types of epigenetic modifications that occur within and among populations, which vary on timescales orders of magnitude faster than the emergence of new beneficial alleles. Consequently, phenotypic plasticity driven by epigenetic modification may be especially critical for sessile, long-lived organisms such as trees that must rely on this plasticity to keep pace with rapid anthropogenic environmental change. While studies have reported large effects of DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs on the expression of stress-tolerance genes and resulting phenotypic responses, little is known about the role of these effects in non-model plants and particularly in trees. Here, we review new findings in plant epigenetics with particular relevance to the ability of trees to adapt to or escape stressors associated with rapid climate change. Such findings include specific epigenetic influences over drought, heat, and salinity tolerance, as well as dormancy and dispersal traits. We also highlight promising findings concerning transgenerational inheritance of an epigenetic 'stress memory' in plants. As epigenetic information is becoming increasingly easy to obtain, we close by outlining ways in which ecologists can use epigenetic information better to inform population management and forecasting efforts. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind phenotypic plasticity and stress memory in tree species offers a promising path towards a mechanistic understanding of trees' responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Miryeganeh
- Integrative Community Ecology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - David W Armitage
- Integrative Community Ecology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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8
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Drake JE, Vårhammar A, Aspinwall MJ, Pfautsch S, Ghannoum O, Tissue DT, Tjoelker MG. Pushing the envelope: do narrowly and widely distributed Eucalyptus species differ in response to climate warming? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:82-97. [PMID: 38666344 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Contemporary climate change will push many tree species into conditions that are outside their current climate envelopes. Using the Eucalyptus genus as a model, we addressed whether species with narrower geographical distributions show constrained ability to cope with warming relative to species with wider distributions, and whether this ability differs among species from tropical and temperate climates. We grew seedlings of widely and narrowly distributed Eucalyptus species from temperate and tropical Australia in a glasshouse under two temperature regimes: the summer temperature at seed origin and +3.5°C. We measured physical traits and leaf-level gas exchange to assess warming influences on growth rates, allocation patterns, and physiological acclimation capacity. Warming generally stimulated growth, such that higher relative growth rates early in development placed seedlings on a trajectory of greater mass accumulation. The growth enhancement under warming was larger among widely than narrowly distributed species and among temperate rather than tropical provenances. The differential growth enhancement was primarily attributable to leaf area production and adjustments of specific leaf area. Our results suggest that tree species, including those with climate envelopes that will be exceeded by contemporary climate warming, possess capacity to physiologically acclimate but may have varying ability to adjust morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Drake
- Department of Sustainable Resources Management, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Angelica Vårhammar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | | | - Sebastian Pfautsch
- Urban Transformations Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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9
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Finocchiaro M, Médail F, Saatkamp A, Diadema K, Pavon D, Brousset L, Meineri E. Microrefugia and microclimate: Unraveling decoupling potential and resistance to heatwaves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171696. [PMID: 38485012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Microrefugia, defined as small areas maintaining populations of species outside their range margins during environmental extremes, are increasingly recognized for their role in conserving species in the face of climate change. Understanding their microclimatic dynamics becomes crucial with global warming leading to severe temperature and precipitation changes. This study investigates the phenomenon of short-term climatic decoupling within microrefugia and its implications for plant persistence in the Mediterranean region of southeastern France. We focus on microrefugia's ability to climatically disconnect from macroclimatic trends, examining temperature and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) dynamics in microrefugia, adjacent control plots, and weather stations. Our study encompasses both "normal" conditions and heatwave episodes to explore the role of microrefugia as thermal and moisture insulators during extreme events. Landscape attributes such as relative elevation, solar radiation, distance to streams, and vegetation height are investigated for their contribution to short-term decoupling. Our results demonstrate that microrefugia exhibit notable decoupling from macroclimatic trends. This effect is maintained during heatwaves, underscoring microrefugia's vital role in responding to climatic extremes. Importantly, microrefugia maintain lower VPD levels than their surroundings outside and during heatwaves, potentially mitigating water stress for plants. This study advances our understanding of microclimate dynamics within microrefugia and underscores their ecological importance for plant persistence in a changing climate. As heatwaves become more frequent and severe, our findings provide insights into the role of microrefugia in buffering but also decoupling against extreme climatic events and, more generally, against climate warming. This knowledge emphasizes the need to detect and protect existing microrefugia, as they can be integrated into conservation strategies and climate change adaptation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Finocchiaro
- Aix Marseille Université, Université Avignon, CNRS, IRD, UMR IMBE, Marseille, France.
| | - Frédéric Médail
- Aix Marseille Université, Université Avignon, CNRS, IRD, UMR IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Arne Saatkamp
- Aix Marseille Université, Université Avignon, CNRS, IRD, UMR IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Katia Diadema
- Conservatoire botanique national méditerranéen, 34 avenue Gambetta, F-83400 Hyères, France
| | - Daniel Pavon
- Aix Marseille Université, Université Avignon, CNRS, IRD, UMR IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Lenka Brousset
- Aix Marseille Université, Université Avignon, CNRS, IRD, UMR IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Meineri
- Aix Marseille Université, Université Avignon, CNRS, IRD, UMR IMBE, Marseille, France
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10
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Rauschkolb R, Bucher SF, Hensen I, Ahrends A, Fernández-Pascual E, Heubach K, Jakubka D, Jiménez-Alfaro B, König A, Koubek T, Kehl A, Khuroo AA, Lindstädter A, Shafee F, Mašková T, Platonova E, Panico P, Plos C, Primack R, Rosche C, Shah MA, Sporbert M, Stevens AD, Tarquini F, Tielbörger K, Träger S, Vange V, Weigelt P, Bonn A, Freiberg M, Knickmann B, Nordt B, Wirth C, Römermann C. Spatial variability in herbaceous plant phenology is mostly explained by variability in temperature but also by photoperiod and functional traits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:761-775. [PMID: 38285109 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Whereas temporal variability of plant phenology in response to climate change has already been well studied, the spatial variability of phenology is not well understood. Given that phenological shifts may affect biotic interactions, there is a need to investigate how the variability in environmental factors relates to the spatial variability in herbaceous species' phenology by at the same time considering their functional traits to predict their general and species-specific responses to future climate change. In this project, we analysed phenology records of 148 herbaceous species, which were observed for a single year by the PhenObs network in 15 botanical gardens. For each species, we characterised the spatial variability in six different phenological stages across gardens. We used boosted regression trees to link these variabilities in phenology to the variability in environmental parameters (temperature, latitude and local habitat conditions) as well as species traits (seed mass, vegetative height, specific leaf area and temporal niche) hypothesised to be related to phenology variability. We found that spatial variability in the phenology of herbaceous species was mainly driven by the variability in temperature but also photoperiod was an important driving factor for some phenological stages. In addition, we found that early-flowering and less competitive species characterised by small specific leaf area and vegetative height were more variable in their phenology. Our findings contribute to the field of phenology by showing that besides temperature, photoperiod and functional traits are important to be included when spatial variability of herbaceous species is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rauschkolb
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Solveig Franziska Bucher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Isabell Hensen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | | | - Katja Heubach
- Palmengarten and Botanical Garden Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Desiree Jakubka
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Borja Jiménez-Alfaro
- Biodiversity Research Institute, IMIB (Univ.Oviedo-CSIC-Princ.Asturias), Mieres, Spain
| | - Andreas König
- Palmengarten and Botanical Garden Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomáš Koubek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Kehl
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anzar A Khuroo
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Anja Lindstädter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany with Botanical Garden, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Faizan Shafee
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Tereza Mašková
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Patrizia Panico
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolin Plos
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Christoph Rosche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Maria Sporbert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Flavio Tarquini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Träger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vibekke Vange
- Ringve Botanical Garden, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Freiberg
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Life Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Nordt
- Botanic Garden Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Life Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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11
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Blumstein M. The drivers of intraspecific trait variation and their implications for future tree productivity and survival. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16312. [PMID: 38576091 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Forests are facing unprecedented levels of stress from pest and disease outbreaks, disturbance, fragmentation, development, and a changing climate. These selective agents act to alter forest composition from regional to cellular levels. Thus, a central challenge for understanding how forests will be impacted by future change is how to integrate across scales of biology. Phenotype, or an observable trait, is the product of an individual's genes (G) and the environment in which an organism lives (E). To date, researchers have detailed how environment drives variation in tree phenotypes over long time periods (e.g., long-term ecological research sites [LTERs]) and across large spatial scales (e.g., flux network). In parallel, researchers have discovered the genes and pathways that govern phenotypes, finding high degrees of genetic control and signatures of local adaptation in many plant traits. However, the research in these two areas remain largely independent of each other, hindering our ability to generate accurate predictions of plant response to environment, an increasingly urgent need given threats to forest systems. I present the importance of both genes and environment in determining tree responses to climate stress. I highlight why the difference between G versus E in driving variation is critical for our understanding of climate responses, then propose means of accelerating research that examines G and E simultaneously by leveraging existing long-term, large-scale phenotypic data sets from ecological networks and adding newly affordable sequence (-omics) data to both drill down to find the genes and alleles influencing phenotypes and scale up to find how patterns of demography and local adaptation may influence future response to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Blumstein
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, 01366, MA, USA
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar St, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
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12
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Pineda-Castro D, Diaz H, Soto J, Urban MO. LysipheN: a gravimetric IoT device for near real-time high-frequency crop phenotyping: a case study on common beans. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:39. [PMID: 38486284 PMCID: PMC10938686 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate instability directly affects agro-environments. Water scarcity, high air temperature, and changes in soil biota are some factors caused by environmental changes. Verified and precise phenotypic traits are required for assessing the impact of various stress factors on crop performance while keeping phenotyping costs at a reasonable level. Experiments which use a lysimeter method to measure transpiration efficiency are often expensive and require complex infrastructures. This study presents the development and testing process of an automated, reliable, small, and low-cost prototype system using IoT with high-frequency potential in near-real time. Because of its waterproofness, our device-LysipheN-assesses each plant individually and can be deployed for experiments in different environmental conditions (farm, field, greenhouse, etc.). LysipheN integrates multiple sensors, automatic irrigation according to desired drought scenarios, and a remote, wireless connection to monitor each plant and device performance via a data platform. During testing, LysipheN proved to be sensitive enough to detect and measure plant transpiration, from early to ultimate plant developmental stages. Even though the results were generated on common beans, the LysipheN can be scaled up/adapted to other crops. This tool serves to screen transpiration, transpiration efficiency, and transpiration-related physiological traits. Because of its price, endurance, and waterproof design, LysipheN will be useful in screening populations in a realistic ecological and breeding context. It operates by phenotyping the most suitable parental lines, characterizing genebank accessions, and allowing breeders to make a target-specific selection using functional traits (related to the place where LysipheN units are located) in line with a realistic agronomic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duvan Pineda-Castro
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aereo 7613, Cali, 763537, Colombia.
| | - Harold Diaz
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aereo 7613, Cali, 763537, Colombia
| | - Jonatan Soto
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aereo 7613, Cali, 763537, Colombia
| | - Milan Oldřich Urban
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aereo 7613, Cali, 763537, Colombia.
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13
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Sheng Q, Zhu Z. Impacts of Climate Change on the Biogeography and Ecological Structure of Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz. in China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:798. [PMID: 38592822 PMCID: PMC10973992 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This study utilized the platform for ensemble forecasting of species distributions, biomod2, to predict and quantitatively analyze the distribution changes of Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz. under different climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5) based on climate and land-use data. This study evaluated the geographic range changes in future distribution areas and the results indicated that, under both SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the distribution area of Zelkova schneideriana would be reduced, showing a trend towards migration to higher latitudes and elevations. Particularly, in the more extreme SSP5-8.5 scenario, the contraction of the distribution area was more pronounced, accompanied by more significant migration characteristics. Furthermore, the ecological structure within the distribution area of Zelkova schneideriana also experienced significant changes, with an increasing degree of fragmentation. The variables of Bio6 (minimum temperature of the coldest month), Bio2 (mean diurnal temperature range), Bio15 (precipitation seasonality), and elevation exhibited important influences on the distribution of Zelkova schneideriana, with temperature being particularly significant. Changes in land use, especially the conversion of cropland, had a significant impact on the species' habitat. These research findings highlight the distributional pressures faced by Zelkova schneideriana in the future, emphasizing the crucial need for targeted conservation measures to protect this species and similar organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Research Center for Digital Innovation Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jin Pu Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuanlan Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Research Center for Digital Innovation Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jin Pu Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Research Center for Digital Innovation Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jin Pu Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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14
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Vitali V, Schuler P, Holloway-Phillips M, D'Odorico P, Guidi C, Klesse S, Lehmann MM, Meusburger K, Schaub M, Zweifel R, Gessler A, Saurer M. Finding balance: Tree-ring isotopes differentiate between acclimation and stress-induced imbalance in a long-term irrigation experiment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17237. [PMID: 38488024 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a common European tree species, and understanding its acclimation to the rapidly changing climate through physiological, biochemical or structural adjustments is vital for predicting future growth. We investigated a long-term irrigation experiment at a naturally dry forest in Switzerland, comparing Scots pine trees that have been continuously irrigated for 17 years (irrigated) with those for which irrigation was interrupted after 10 years (stop) and non-irrigated trees (control), using tree growth, xylogenesis, wood anatomy, and carbon, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope measurements in the water, sugars and cellulose of plant tissues. The dendrochronological analyses highlighted three distinct acclimation phases to the treatments: irrigated trees experienced (i) a significant growth increase in the first 4 years of treatment, (ii) high growth rates but with a declining trend in the following 8 years and finally (iii) a regression to pre-irrigation growth rates, suggesting the development of a new growth limitation (i.e. acclimation). The introduction of the stop treatment resulted in further growth reductions to below-control levels during the third phase. Irrigated trees showed longer growth periods and lower tree-ring δ13 C values, reflecting lower stomatal restrictions than control trees. Their strong tree-ring δ18 O and δ2 H (O-H) relationship reflected the hydrological signature similarly to the control. On the contrary, the stop trees had lower growth rates, conservative wood anatomical traits, and a weak O-H relationship, indicating a physiological imbalance. Tree vitality (identified by crown transparency) significantly modulated growth, wood anatomical traits and tree-ring δ13 C, with low-vitality trees of all treatments performing similarly regardless of water availability. We thus provide quantitative indicators for assessing physiological imbalance and tree acclimation after environmental stresses. We also show that tree vitality is crucial in shaping such responses. These findings are fundamental for the early assessment of ecosystem imbalances and decline under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vitali
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Petra D'Odorico
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Guidi
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Klesse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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15
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Schiestl FP. Is experimental evolution relevant for botanical research? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16296. [PMID: 38384109 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian P Schiestl
- Department Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Wei X, Han L, Xu N, Sun M, Yang X. Nitrate nitrogen enhances the efficiency of photoprotection in Leymus chinensis under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1348925. [PMID: 38419774 PMCID: PMC10899514 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1348925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Global climate change exerts a significant impact on the nitrogen supply and photosynthesis ability in land-based plants. The photosynthetic capacity of dominant grassland species is important if we are to understand carbon cycling under climate change. Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting plant photosynthesis, and nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient involved in the photosynthetic activity of leaves. The regulatory mechanisms responsible for the effects of ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3 -) on the drought-induced photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) in plants have yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, there is a significant need to gain a better understanding of the role of electron transport in the photoinhibition of PSII. Methods In the present study, we conducted experiments with normal watering (LD), severe drought (MD), and extreme drought (HD) treatments, along with no nitrogen (N0), ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), and mixed nitrogen (NH4NO3) treatments. We analyzed pigment accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, photosynthetic enzyme activity, photosystem activity, electron transport, and O-J-I-P kinetics. Results Analysis showed that increased nitrate application significantly increased the leaf chlorophyll content per unit area (Chlarea) and nitrogen content per unit area (Narea) (p< 0.05). Under HD treatment, ROS levels were lower in NO3-treated plants than in N0 plants, and there was no significant difference in photosynthetic enzyme activity between plants treated with NO3 and NH4NO3. Under drought stress, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), PSII electron transport rate (ETR), and effective quantum yield of PSII (φPSII) were significant higher in NO3-treated plants (p< 0.05). Importantly, the K-band and G-band were higher in NO3-treated plants. Discussion These results suggest that drought stress hindered the formation of NADPH and ATP in N0 and NH4-treated L. chinensis plants, thus damaging the donor side of the PSII oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). After applying nitrate, higher photosynthetic enzyme and antioxidant enzyme activity not only protected PSII from photodamage under drought stress but also reduced the rate of damage in PSII during the growth of L. chinensis growth under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Resources Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Lin Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Resources Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cold-Regions Wetlands Ecology and Environment Research, and School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Resources Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Xuechen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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17
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Markos N, Preisler Y, Radoglou K, Rotenberg E, Yakir D. Physiological and phenological adjustments in water and carbon fluxes of Aleppo pine forests under contrasting climates in the Eastern Mediterranean. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad125. [PMID: 37788052 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to adjust to the adverse effects of climate change is important for their survival and for their contribution to the global carbon cycle. This is particularly true in the Mediterranean region, which is among the regions that are most vulnerable to climate change. Here, we carried out a 2-year comparative ecophysiological study of ecosystem function in two similar Eastern Mediterranean forests of the same tree species (Pinus halepensis Mill.) under mild (Sani, Greece) and extreme (Yatir, Israel) climatic conditions. The partial effects of key environmental variables, including radiation, vapor pressure deficit, air temperature and soil moisture (Rg, D, T and soil water content (SWC), respectively), on the ecosystems' CO2 and water vapor fluxes were estimated using generalized additive models (GAMs). The results showed a large adjustment between sites in the seasonal patterns of both carbon and water fluxes and in the time and duration of the optimal period (defined here as the time when fluxes were within 85% of the seasonal maximum). The GAM analysis indicated that the main factor influencing the seasonal patterns was SWC, while T and D had significant but milder effects. During the respective optimal periods, the two ecosystems showed strong similarities in the fluxes' responses to the measured environmental variables, indicating similarity in their underlying physiological characteristics. The results indicate that Aleppo pine forests have a strong phenotypic adjustment potential to cope with increasing environmental stresses. This, in turn, will help their survival and their continued contribution to the terrestrial carbon sink in the face of climate change in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Markos
- Department of Forestry and Management of Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Pantazidou 193, 68200, N. Orestiada, Greece
| | - Yakir Preisler
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Plant Science institute, Agricultural Research Organization,-The Volcani Institute, Hamakabim 68 Rishon Letzion 7505101, Israel
| | - Kalliopi Radoglou
- Department of Forestry and Management of Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Pantazidou 193, 68200, N. Orestiada, Greece
| | - Eyal Rotenberg
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Dan Yakir
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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18
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Ashlock L, Darwin C, Crooker J, deMayo J, Dam HG, Pespeni M. Developmental temperature, more than long-term evolution, defines thermal tolerance in an estuarine copepod. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10995. [PMID: 38380068 PMCID: PMC10877657 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is resulting in increasing ocean temperatures and salinity variability, particularly in estuarine environments. Tolerance of temperature and salinity change interact and thus may impact organismal resilience. Populations can respond to multiple stressors in the short-term (i.e., plasticity) or over longer timescales (i.e., adaptation). However, little is known about the short- or long-term effects of elevated temperature on the tolerance of acute temperature and salinity changes. Here, we characterized the response of the near-shore and estuarine copepod, Acartia tonsa, to temperature and salinity stress. Copepods originated from one of two sets of replicated >40 generation-old temperature-adapted lines: ambient (AM, 18°C) and ocean warming (OW, 22°C). Copepods from these lines were subjected to one and three generations at the reciprocal temperature. Copepods from all treatments were then assessed for differences in acute temperature and salinity tolerance. Development (one generation), three generations, and >40 generations of warming increased thermal tolerance compared to Ambient conditions, with development in OW resulting in equal thermal tolerance to three and >40 generations of OW. Strikingly, developmental OW and >40 generations of OW had no effect on low salinity tolerance relative to ambient. By contrast, when environmental salinity was reduced first, copepods had lower thermal tolerances. These results highlight the critical role for plasticity in the copepod climate response and suggest that salinity variability may reduce copepod tolerance to subsequent warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ashlock
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Chelsea Darwin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Jessica Crooker
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - James deMayo
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutGrotonConnecticutUSA
| | - Hans G. Dam
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutGrotonConnecticutUSA
| | - Melissa Pespeni
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
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19
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Griebeler EM, Kadereit JW. Decline of Tephroseris helenitis in Hessia (Germany) over the last 120 years: Modeling implies the gradual disappearance of its temperature niche for flower induction and germination. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10769. [PMID: 38077516 PMCID: PMC10700670 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tephroseris helenitis is a perennial herb that experienced a severe decline of species records over the last 120 years in the state of Hessia, Germany. Here, the species is found in humid habitats with moderate temperatures. In this modeling study, we assessed changes in climatic conditions between the periods 1900-1949, 1950-1979, 1980-1999 and 2000-2020 and explored whether these changes can explain the decline of records of T. helenitis. Climatic variables used were monthly precipitation sums, monthly mean, minimum and maximum temperatures, monthly temperature ranges as well as annual precipitation sum and annual mean temperature. For the majority of these variables, changes were significant across periods. Minimum temperatures in March, April and July (Tmin_Mar, Tmin_Apr, Tmin_Jul) best explained species presences and absences in 1900-1949 and 1950-1979. The species shifted its realized niche towards lower Tmin_Mar and narrowed its niche on Tmin_Apr and Tmin_Jul between these two periods. March, April and July are crucial in the life cycle of T. helenitis. Tmin_Mar and Tmin_Apr are related to the induction of flowering through a period of low temperatures (vernalization), and Tmin_Jul is related to seed germination. Documented increasing March and April temperatures as well as autumn and winter temperatures in the past 120 years may imply that vernalization became increasingly unsuccessful for the species and increasing July temperatures may have decreased its germination success. Given the disappearance of its temperature niche (Tmin_Mar, Tmin_Apr, Tmin_Jul) due to ongoing global warming not only in Hessia and Germany, we anticipate that T. helenitis will go extinct in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Griebeler
- Institut für Organismische und Molekulare EvolutionsbiologieJohannes Gutenberg‐Universität MainzMainzGermany
| | - Joachim W. Kadereit
- Institut für Organismische und Molekulare EvolutionsbiologieJohannes Gutenberg‐Universität MainzMainzGermany
- Present address:
Systematik, Biodiversität und Evolution der PflanzenLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
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20
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Rodman KC, Davis KT, Parks SA, Chapman TB, Coop JD, Iniguez JM, Roccaforte JP, Sánchez Meador AJ, Springer JD, Stevens-Rumann CS, Stoddard MT, Waltz AEM, Wasserman TN. Refuge-yeah or refuge-nah? Predicting locations of forest resistance and recruitment in a fiery world. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:7029-7050. [PMID: 37706328 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming, land use change, and altered fire regimes are driving ecological transformations that can have critical effects on Earth's biota. Fire refugia-locations that are burned less frequently or severely than their surroundings-may act as sites of relative stability during this period of rapid change by being resistant to fire and supporting post-fire recovery in adjacent areas. Because of their value to forest ecosystem persistence, there is an urgent need to anticipate where refugia are most likely to be found and where they align with environmental conditions that support post-fire tree recruitment. Using biophysical predictors and patterns of burn severity from 1180 recent fire events, we mapped the locations of potential fire refugia across upland conifer forests in the southwestern United States (US) (99,428 km2 of forest area), a region that is highly vulnerable to fire-driven transformation. We found that low pre-fire forest cover, flat slopes or topographic concavities, moderate weather conditions, spring-season burning, and areas affected by low- to moderate-severity fire within the previous 15 years were most commonly associated with refugia. Based on current (i.e., 2021) conditions, we predicted that 67.6% and 18.1% of conifer forests in our study area would contain refugia under moderate and extreme fire weather, respectively. However, potential refugia were 36.4% (moderate weather) and 31.2% (extreme weather) more common across forests that experienced recent fires, supporting the increased use of prescribed and resource objective fires during moderate weather conditions to promote fire-resistant landscapes. When overlaid with models of tree recruitment, 23.2% (moderate weather) and 6.4% (extreme weather) of forests were classified as refugia with a high potential to support post-fire recruitment in the surrounding landscape. These locations may be disproportionately valuable for ecosystem sustainability, providing habitat for fire-sensitive species and maintaining forest persistence in an increasingly fire-prone world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Rodman
- Ecological Restoration Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Kimberley T Davis
- Fire Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Sean A Parks
- Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Teresa B Chapman
- Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Program, Chief Conservation Office, The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan D Coop
- Clark School of Environment and Sustainability, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, Colorado, USA
| | - Jose M Iniguez
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - John P Roccaforte
- Ecological Restoration Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew J Sánchez Meador
- Ecological Restoration Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Judith D Springer
- Ecological Restoration Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Camille S Stevens-Rumann
- Colorado Forest Restoration Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael T Stoddard
- Ecological Restoration Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Amy E M Waltz
- Ecological Restoration Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Tzeidle N Wasserman
- Ecological Restoration Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Christie K, Pierson NR, Holeski LM, Lowry DB. Resurrected seeds from herbarium specimens reveal rapid evolution of drought resistance in a selfing annual. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16265. [PMID: 38102863 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Increased aridity and drought associated with climate change are exerting unprecedented selection pressures on plant populations. Whether populations can rapidly adapt, and which life history traits might confer increased fitness under drought, remain outstanding questions. METHODS We utilized a resurrection ecology approach, leveraging dormant seeds from herbarium collections to assess whether populations of Plantago patagonica from the semi-arid Colorado Plateau have rapidly evolved in response to approximately ten years of intense drought in the region. We quantified multiple traits associated with drought escape and drought resistance and assessed the survival of ancestors and descendants under simulated drought. RESULTS Descendant populations displayed a significant shift in resource allocation, in which they invested less in reproductive tissues and relatively more in both above- and below-ground vegetative tissues. Plants with greater leaf biomass survived longer under terminal drought; moreover, even after accounting for the effect of increased leaf biomass, descendant seedlings survived drought longer than their ancestors. CONCLUSIONS Our results document rapid adaptive evolution in response to climate change in a selfing annual and suggest that shifts in tissue allocation strategies may underlie adaptive responses to drought in arid or semi-arid environments. This work also illustrates a novel approach, documenting that under specific circumstances, seeds from herbarium specimens may provide an untapped source of dormant propagules for future resurrection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Christie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Natalie R Pierson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Liza M Holeski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
- Center for Adaptive Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - David B Lowry
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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22
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Jiang X, Liu WJ, Zhu YZ, Cao YT, Yang XM, Geng Y, Zhang FJ, Sun RQ, Jia RW, Yan CL, Zhang YY, Li ZH. Impacts of Climate Changes on Geographic Distribution of Primula filchnerae, an Endangered Herb in China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3561. [PMID: 37896023 PMCID: PMC10610284 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Primula filchnerae, an endangered plant endemic to China, has drawn people's attention in recent years due to its ornamental value in flower. It was rarely recorded since being described in 1902, but it was rediscovered in 2009 and is now known from a limited number of sites located in Hubei and Shaanxi Provinces. Since the species is still poorly known, a number of unanswered questions arise related to it: How has P. filchnerae responded to past climate change and how might it respond in the future? Why was P. filchmerae so rarely collected during the past century? We assembled geographic coordinates for P. filchnerae through the field surveys and website searches, and then used a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to simulate its potential suitable distribution in six periods with varied carbon emission levels by combining bioclimatic and environmental factors. MaxEnt showed that Min Temperature of the Coldest Month (bio6) and Precipitation of the Coldest Quarter (bio19) affected P. filchnerae's distribution most, with an aggregate contribution >60% and suitable ranges above -5 °C and below 40 mm, respectively. We also analyzed potential habitat distribution in various periods with differing impacts of climate change compared to today's suitable habitats, and in most cases, Shaanxi and Sichuan remained the most stable areas and with possible expansion to the north under various carbon emission scenarios, but the 2050s SSP5-8.5 scenario may be an exception. Moreover, we used MaxEnt to evaluate population shifts, with various scenarios indicating that geometric center would be concentrated in Sichuan Province in China. Finally, conservation strategies are suggested, including the creation of protected areas, long-term monitoring, raising public awareness of plant conservation, situ conservation measures, assisted migration, and species introduction. This study demonstrates how P. filchnerae may have adapted to changes in different periods and provides a scientific basis for germplasm conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhong-Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.J.); (W.-J.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (X.-M.Y.); (Y.G.); (F.-J.Z.); (R.-Q.S.)
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23
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Morgan J, Walker Z. Early-melting snowpatch plant communities are transitioning into novel states. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16520. [PMID: 37783739 PMCID: PMC10545709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Snowpatch plant community distribution and composition are strongly tied to the duration of long-lasting snow cover in alpine areas; they are vulnerable to global climatic changes that result in warmer temperatures and longer growing seasons. We used a revisitation study to quantify early-melting snowpatch floristic and functional diversity change in southern Australia, and document shrub size-class distributions over time to detect evidence for their encroachment into snowpatches, a key prediction with climatic change. Early-melting snowpatch vegetation has declined in areal extent, changed in species composition, and shrub and tussock grass cover has increased, but changes in functional trait diversity were less clear. Species gains, particularly by non-clonal species, accounted for most of the floristic change observed. Shrub recruitment was ongoing by most shrub species. Biotic differentiation is occurring; many early-melting snowpatches are transitioning to a novel state with changed composition and taller vegetation structure, but there is little evidence for species loss having occurred. Given enough time, however, the long-term loss of species is likely (i.e. biotic homogenisation) if taller shrubs outcompete short-statured snowpatch species. Our results provide evidence that this alpine ecosystem is forming a novel community with an uncertain future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Morgan
- Research Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Zac Walker
- Research Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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24
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Martínez-Vilalta J, García-Valdés R, Jump A, Vilà-Cabrera A, Mencuccini M. Accounting for trait variability and coordination in predictions of drought-induced range shifts in woody plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:23-40. [PMID: 37501525 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits offer a promising avenue to improve predictions of species range shifts under climate change, which will entail warmer and often drier conditions. Although the conceptual foundation linking traits with plant performance and range shifts appears solid, the predictive ability of individual traits remains generally low. In this review, we address this apparent paradox, emphasizing examples of woody plants and traits associated with drought responses at the species' rear edge. Low predictive ability reflects the fact not only that range dynamics tend to be complex and multifactorial, as well as uncertainty in the identification of relevant traits and limited data availability, but also that trait effects are scale- and context-dependent. The latter results from the complex interactions among traits (e.g. compensatory effects) and between them and the environment (e.g. exposure), which ultimately determine persistence and colonization capacity. To confront this complexity, a more balanced coverage of the main functional dimensions involved (stress tolerance, resource use, regeneration and dispersal) is needed, and modelling approaches must be developed that explicitly account for: trait coordination in a hierarchical context; trait variability in space and time and its relationship with exposure; and the effect of biotic interactions in an ecological community context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raúl García-Valdés
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), E25280, Solsona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, E28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alistair Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, UK
| | - Albert Vilà-Cabrera
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, UK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, E08010, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Boyd JN, Baskauf C, Lindsay A, Anderson JT, Brzyski J, Cruse‐Sanders J. Phenotypic plasticity and genetic diversity shed light on endemism of rare Boechera perstellata and its potential vulnerability to climate warming. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10540. [PMID: 37720057 PMCID: PMC10502469 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid pace of contemporary environmental change puts many species at risk, especially rare species constrained by limited capacity to adapt or migrate due to low genetic diversity and/or fitness. But the ability to acclimate can provide another way to persist through change. We compared the capacity of rare Boechera perstellata (Braun's rockcress) and widespread B. laevigata to acclimate to change. We investigated the phenotypic plasticity of growth, biomass allocation, and leaf morphology of individuals of B. perstellata and B. laevigata propagated from seed collected from several populations throughout their ranges in a growth chamber experiment to assess their capacity to acclimate. Concurrently, we assessed the genetic diversity of sampled populations using 17 microsatellite loci to assess evolutionary potential. Plasticity was limited in both rare B. perstellata and widespread B. laevigata, but differences in the plasticity of root traits between species suggest that B. perstellata may have less capacity to acclimate to change. In contrast to its widespread congener, B. perstellata exhibited no plasticity in response to temperature and weaker plastic responses to water availability. As expected, B. perstellata also had lower levels of observed heterozygosity than B. laevigata at the species level, but population-level trends in diversity measures were inconsistent due to high heterogeneity among B. laevigata populations. Overall, the ability of phenotypic plasticity to broadly explain the rarity of B. perstellata versus commonness of B. laevigata is limited. However, some contextual aspects of our plasticity findings compared with its relatively low genetic variability may shed light on the narrow range and habitat associations of B. perstellata and suggest its vulnerability to climate warming due to acclimatory and evolutionary constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nagel Boyd
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
| | - Carol Baskauf
- Department of BiologyAustin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Annie Lindsay
- Department of BiologyAustin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jill T. Anderson
- Department of Genetics, Odum School of Ecology, Davison Life SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jessica Brzyski
- Department of BiologySeton Hill UniversityGreensburgPennsylvaniaUSA
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26
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Manitašević Jovanović S, Hočevar K, Vuleta A, Tucić B. Predicting the Responses of Functional Leaf Traits to Global Warming: An In Situ Temperature Manipulation Design Using Iris pumila L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3114. [PMID: 37687360 PMCID: PMC10490406 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is widely acknowledged as one of the most common solutions for coping with novel environmental conditions following climate change. However, it is less known whether the current amounts of trait plasticity, which is sufficient for matching with the contemporary climate, will be adequate when global temperatures exceed historical levels. We addressed this issue by exploring the responses of functional and structural leaf traits in Iris pumila clonal individuals to experimentally increased temperatures (~1.5 °C) using an open top chamber (OTC) design. We determined the phenotypic values of the specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf water content, and leaf thickness in the leaves sampled from the same clone inside and outside of the OTC deployed on it, over seasons and years within two natural populations. We analyzed the data using a repeated multivariate analysis of variance, which primarily focusses on the profiles (reaction norms (RNs)) of a variable gathered from the same individual at several different time points. We found that the mean RNs of all analyzed traits were parallel regardless of experienced temperatures, but differed in the level and the shape. The populations RNs were similar as well. As the amount of plasticity in the analyzed leaf trait was adequate for coping with elevated temperatures inside the OTCs, we predict that it will be also sufficient for responding to increased temperatures if they exceed the 1.5 °C target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Manitašević Jovanović
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.H.); (A.V.)
| | - Katarina Hočevar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.H.); (A.V.)
| | - Ana Vuleta
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.H.); (A.V.)
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27
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Méndez-Cea B, García-García I, Linares JC, Gallego FJ. Warming appears as the main risk of non-adaptedness for western Mediterranean relict fir forests under expected climate change scenarios. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1155441. [PMID: 37636100 PMCID: PMC10451094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1155441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Circum-Mediterranean firs are considered among the most drought-sensitive species to climate change. Understanding the genetic basis of trees' adaptive capacity and intra-specific variability to drought avoidance is mandatory to define conservation measures, thus potentially preventing their extinction. We focus here on Abies pinsapo and Abies marocana, both relict tree species, endemic from south Spain and north Morocco, respectively. A total of 607 samples were collected from eight nuclei: six from Spanish fir and two from Moroccan fir. A genotyping by sequencing technique called double digestion restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) was performed to obtain a genetic matrix based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This matrix was utilized to study the genetic structure of A. pinsapo populations and to carry out selection signature studies. In order to understand how Spanish fir and Moroccan fir cope with climate change, genotype-environment associations (GEAs) were identified. Further, the vulnerability of these species to climate variations was estimated by the risk of non-adaptedness (RONA). The filtering of the de novo assembly of A. pinsapo provided 3,982 SNPs from 504 out of 509 trees sequenced. Principal component analysis (PCA) genetically separated Grazalema from the rest of the Spanish populations. However, FST values showed significant differences among the sampling points. We found 51 loci potentially under selection. Homolog sequences were found for some proteins related to abiotic stress response, such as dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factor, regulation of abscisic acid signaling, and methylation pathway. A total of 15 associations with 11 different loci were observed in the GEA studies, with the maximum temperature of the warmest month being the variable with the highest number of associated loci. This temperature sensitivity was also supported by the risk of non-adaptedness, which yielded a higher risk for both A. pinsapo and A. marocana under the high emission scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5). This study sheds light on the response to climate change of these two endemic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Méndez-Cea
- Dpto. Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad Docente de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel García-García
- Dpto. Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad Docente de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Linares
- Dpto. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gallego
- Dpto. Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad Docente de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Wang C, Sheng Q, Zhao R, Zhu Z. Differences in the Suitable Distribution Area between Northern and Southern China Landscape Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2710. [PMID: 37514324 PMCID: PMC10385631 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, a global biodiversity threat, largely influences the geographical distribution patterns of species. China is abundant in woody landscape plants. However, studies on the differences in the adaptive changes of plants under climate change between northern and southern China are unavailable. Therefore, herein, the MaxEnt model was used to predict changes in the suitable distribution area (SDA) and dominant environmental variables of 29 tree species under two climate change scenarios, the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) 126 and 585, based on 29 woody plant species and 20 environmental variables in northern and southern China to assess the differences in the adaptive changes of plants between the two under climate change. Temperature factors dominated the SDA distribution of both northern and southern plants. Southern plants are often dominated by one climatic factor, whereas northern plants are influenced by a combination of climatic factors. Northern plants are under greater pressure from SDA change than southern plants, and their SDA shrinkage tendency is significantly higher. However, no significant difference was observed between northern and southern plants in SDA expansion, mean SDA elevation, and latitudinal change in the SDA mass center. Future climate change will drive northern and southern plants to migrate to higher latitudes rather than to higher elevations. Therefore, future climate change has varying effects on plant SDAs within China. The climate change intensity will drive northern landscape plants to experience greater SDA-change-related pressure than southern landscape plants. Therefore, northern landscape plants must be heavily monitored and protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Runan Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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29
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Jameel MA, Nadeem MS, Haq SM, Mubeen I, Shabbir A, Aslam S, Ahmad R, Gaafar ARZ, Al-Munqedhi BMA, Bussmann RW. Shifts in the Distribution Range and Niche Dynamics of the Globally Threatened Western Tragopan ( Tragopan melanocephalus) Due to Climate Change and Human Population Pressure. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1015. [PMID: 37508444 PMCID: PMC10376776 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The impact of a changing climate, particularly global warming, often harms the distribution of pheasants, particularly those with limited endemic ranges. To effectively create plans of action aimed at conserving species facing threats such as the Western Tragopan, (Tragopan melanocephalus; Gray, 1829; Galliformes, found in the western Himalayas), it is crucial to understand how future distributions may be affected by anticipated climate change. This study utilized MaxEnt modeling to assess how suitable the habitat of the targeted species is likely to be under different climate scenarios. While similar studies have been conducted regionally, there has been no research on this particular endemic animal species found in the western Himalayas throughout the entire distribution range. The study utilized a total of 200 occurrence points; 19 bioclimatic, four anthropogenic, three topographic, and a vegetation variable were also used. To determine the most fitting model, species distribution modeling (SDM) was employed, and the MaxEnt calibration and optimization techniques were utilized. Data for projected climate scenarios of the 2050s and 2070s were obtained from SSPs 245 and SSPs 585. Among all the variables analyzed; aspect, precipitation of coldest quarter, mean diurnal range, enhanced vegetation index, precipitation of driest month, temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, human footprint, precipitation of driest quarter, and temperature annual range were recognized as the most influential drivers, in that order. The predicted scenarios had high accuracy values (AUC-ROC > 0.9). Based on the feedback provided by the inhabitants, it was observed that the livability of the selected species could potentially rise (between 3.7 to 13%) in all projected scenarios of climate change, because this species is relocating towards the northern regions of the elevation gradient, which is farther from the residential areas, and their habitats are shrinking. The suitable habitats of the Tragopan melanocephalus in the Himalayan region will move significantly by 725 m upwards, because of predicted climate change. However, the fact that the species is considered extinct in most areas and only found in small patches suggests that further research is required to avert a further population decline and delineate the reasons leading to the regional extinction of the species. The results of this study can serve as a foundation for devising conservation strategies for Tragopan melanocephalus under the changing climate and provide a framework for subsequent surveillance efforts aimed at protecting the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azhar Jameel
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Nadeem
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Shiekh Marifatul Haq
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Iqra Mubeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54300, Pakistan
| | - Arifa Shabbir
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54300, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Aslam
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Riyaz Ahmad
- National Center for Wildlife, Riyadh 11575, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Rhman Z Gaafar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander M A Al-Munqedhi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Botany, Institute of Life Sciences, State Museum of Natural History, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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30
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Archambeau J, Benito Garzón M, de Miguel M, Brachi B, Barraquand F, González-Martínez SC. Reduced within-population quantitative genetic variation is associated with climate harshness in maritime pine. Heredity (Edinb) 2023; 131:68-78. [PMID: 37221230 PMCID: PMC10313832 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
How evolutionary forces interact to maintain genetic variation within populations has been a matter of extensive theoretical debates. While mutation and exogenous gene flow increase genetic variation, stabilizing selection and genetic drift are expected to deplete it. To date, levels of genetic variation observed in natural populations are hard to predict without accounting for other processes, such as balancing selection in heterogeneous environments. We aimed to empirically test three hypotheses: (i) admixed populations have higher quantitative genetic variation due to introgression from other gene pools, (ii) quantitative genetic variation is lower in populations from harsher environments (i.e., experiencing stronger selection), and (iii) quantitative genetic variation is higher in populations from heterogeneous environments. Using growth, phenological and functional trait data from three clonal common gardens and 33 populations (522 clones) of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton), we estimated the association between the population-specific total genetic variances (i.e., among-clone variances) for these traits and ten population-specific indices related to admixture levels (estimated based on 5165 SNPs), environmental temporal and spatial heterogeneity and climate harshness. Populations experiencing colder winters showed consistently lower genetic variation for early height growth (a fitness-related trait in forest trees) in the three common gardens. Within-population quantitative genetic variation was not associated with environmental heterogeneity or population admixture for any trait. Our results provide empirical support for the potential role of natural selection in reducing genetic variation for early height growth within populations, which indirectly gives insight into the adaptive potential of populations to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Archambeau
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France.
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK.
| | | | - Marina de Miguel
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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31
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Milner KV, French K, Krix DW, Valenzuela SM, Leigh A. The effects of spring versus summer heat events on two arid zone plant species under field conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:455-469. [PMID: 37081720 DOI: 10.1071/fp22135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heatwaves are increasingly occurring out-of-season, which may affect plants not primed for the event. Further, heat stress often coincides with water and/or nutrient stress, impairing short-term physiological function and potentially causing downstream effects on reproductive fitness. We investigated the response of water-stressed arid-zone Solanum oligacanthum and Solanum orbiculatum to spring vs summer heat stress under differing nutrient conditions. Heat stress events were imposed in open-topped chambers under in situ desert conditions. To assess short-term impacts, we measured leaf photosystem responses (F v /F m ) and membrane stability; long-term effects were compared via biomass allocation, visible damage, flowering and fruiting. Plants generally fared more poorly following summer than spring heat stress, with the exception of F v /F m . Summer heat stress caused greater membrane damage, reduced growth and survival compared with spring. Nutrient availability had a strong influence on downstream effects of heat stress, including species-specific outcomes for reproductive fitness. Overall, high temperatures during spring posed a lower threat to fitness than in severe arid summer conditions of high temperature and low water availability, which were more detrimental to plants in both the short and longer term. Our study highlights the importance of considering ecologically relevant, multiple-stressor events to understand different species responses to extreme heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Milner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - K French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospherics and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - D W Krix
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - S M Valenzuela
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - A Leigh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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32
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Alarcón D, Santos D, Arroyo MTK. Population-Based Evidence of Climate Change Adaptation in an Endangered Plant Endemic to a Biodiversity Hotspot. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2017. [PMID: 37653934 PMCID: PMC10222059 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to impact both the population structure and geographic distribution of plants. Species distribution models are widely used to assess range shifts and the vulnerability of plants to climate change. Despite the abundance of modeling studies, little is known about how existing populations respond to climate change. We investigated the demographic structure and vulnerability to climate change in Anemone moorei, a sub-shrub with a highly restricted distribution in a biodiversity hotspot. We improved the distribution knowledge through intensive field work. We conducted a census of stem length as a proxy for age for all known populations. We used ensemble forecasting to project distributions considering 10 future climate scenarios and developed a novel climate change vulnerability index for the species' distribution. We found that the mean stem length decreases and the proportion of young plants increases, while the size of fruiting plants decreases as A. moorei faces greater climate change vulnerability. We interpret these results as evidence for the onset of recent adaptation to climate change, consisting of reduced adult longevity and an earlier onset of reproduction. As a result of these changes, the proportion of juveniles in the population increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alarcón
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - David Santos
- Vivero Encanto Salvaje, Callejón San Martín 22, Linares 3580000, Chile;
| | - Mary T. K. Arroyo
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), O’Higgins 310, Cabo de Hornos 6350001, Chile
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Zimova M, Weeks BC, Willard DE, Giery ST, Jirinec V, Burner RC, Winger BM. Body size predicts the rate of contemporary morphological change in birds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206971120. [PMID: 37155909 PMCID: PMC10193942 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206971120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in evolutionary rates among species is a defining characteristic of the tree of life and may be an important predictor of species' capacities to adapt to rapid environmental change. It is broadly assumed that generation length is an important determinant of microevolutionary rates, and body size is often used as a proxy for generation length. However, body size has myriad biological correlates that could affect evolutionary rates independently from generation length. We leverage two large, independently collected datasets on recent morphological change in birds (52 migratory species breeding in North America and 77 South American resident species) to test how body size and generation length are related to the rates of contemporary morphological change. Both datasets show that birds have declined in body size and increased in wing length over the past 40 y. We found, in both systems, a consistent pattern wherein smaller species declined proportionally faster in body size and increased proportionally faster in wing length. By contrast, generation length explained less variation in evolutionary rates than did body size. Although the mechanisms warrant further investigation, our study demonstrates that body size is an important predictor of contemporary variation in morphological rates of change. Given the correlations between body size and a breadth of morphological, physiological, and ecological traits predicted to mediate phenotypic responses to environmental change, the relationship between body size and rates of phenotypic change should be considered when testing hypotheses about variation in adaptive responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Zimova
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 49109
| | - Brian C Weeks
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 49109
| | - David E Willard
- Gantz Family Collection Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605
| | - Sean T Giery
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Vitek Jirinec
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus AM 69067-375, Brazil
- Integral Ecology Research Center, Blue Lake, CA 95525
| | - Ryan C Burner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI 54603
| | - Benjamin M Winger
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Kerr KL, Fickle JC, Anderegg WRL. Decoupling of functional traits from intraspecific patterns of growth and drought stress resistance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37129078 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in functional traits may mediate tree species' drought resistance, yet whether trait variation is due to genotype (G), environment (E), or G×E interactions remains unknown. Understanding the drivers of intraspecific trait variation and whether variation mediates drought response can improve predictions of species' response to future drought. Using populations of quaking aspen spanning a climate gradient, we investigated intraspecific variation in functional traits in the field as well as the influence of G and E among propagules in a common garden. We also tested for trait-mediated trade-offs in growth and drought stress tolerance. We observed intraspecific trait variation among the populations, yet this variation did not necessarily translate to higher drought stress tolerance in hotter/drier populations. Additionally, plasticity in the common garden was low, especially in propagules derived from the hottest/driest population. We found no growth-drought stress tolerance trade-offs and few traits exhibited significant relationships with mortality in the natural populations, suggesting that intraspecific trait variation among the traits measured did not strongly mediate responses to drought stress. Our results highlight the limits of trait-mediated responses to drought stress and the complex G×E interactions that may underlie drought stress tolerance variation in forests in dry environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Kerr
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jaycie C Fickle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - William R L Anderegg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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35
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Felkel S, Tremetsberger K, Moser D, Dohm JC, Himmelbauer H, Winkler M. Genome-environment associations along elevation gradients in two snowbed species of the North-Eastern Calcareous Alps. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:203. [PMID: 37076814 PMCID: PMC10114330 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic climate change leads to increasing temperatures and altered precipitation and snowmelt patterns, especially in alpine ecosystems. To understand species' responses to climate change, assessment of genetic structure and diversity is crucial as the basis for the evaluation of migration patterns, genetic adaptation potential as well as the identification of adaptive alleles. RESULTS We studied genetic structure, diversity and genome-environment associations of two snowbed species endemic to the Eastern Alps with a large elevational range, Achillea clusiana Tausch and Campanula pulla L. Genotyping-by-sequencing was employed to assemble loci de novo, call variants and perform population genetic analyses. Populations of either species were distinguishable by mountain, and to some extent by elevation. We found evidence for gene flow between elevations. Results of genome-environment associations suggested similar selective pressures acting on both species, emanating mainly from precipitation and exposition rather than temperature. CONCLUSIONS Given their genetic structure and amount of gene flow among populations the two study species are suitable to serve as a model for genetic monitoring of climate change adaptation along an elevation gradient. Consequences of climate change will predominantly manifest via changes in precipitation and, thus, duration of snow cover in the snowbeds and indirectly via shrub encroachment accompanied by increasing shading of snowbeds at lower range margins. Assembling genomes of the study species and studying larger sample sizes and time series will be necessary to functionally characterize and validate the herein identified genomic loci putatively involved in adaptive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Felkel
- Institute of Computational Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Karin Tremetsberger
- Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Juliane C Dohm
- Institute of Computational Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Heinz Himmelbauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria.
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, 1190, Austria.
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36
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Lerner D, Martínez MF, Livne-Luzon S, Belmaker J, Peñuelas J, Klein T. A biome-dependent distribution gradient of tree species range edges is strongly dictated by climate spatial heterogeneity. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:544-553. [PMID: 36894625 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the causes of the arrest of species distributions has been a fundamental question in ecology and evolution. These questions are of particular interest for trees owing to their long lifespan and sessile nature. A surge in data availability evokes a macro-ecological analysis to determine the underlying forces limiting distributions. Here we analyse the spatial distribution of >3,600 major tree species to determine geographical areas of range-edge hotspots and find drivers for their arrest. We confirmed biome edges to be strong delineators of distributions. Importantly, we identified a stronger contribution of temperate than tropical biomes to range edges, adding strength to the notion that tropical areas are centres of radiation. We subsequently identified a strong association of range-edge hotspots with steep spatial climatic gradients. We linked spatial and temporal homogeneity and high potential evapotranspiration in the tropics as the strongest predictors of this phenomenon. We propose that the poleward migration of species in light of climate change might be hindered because of steep climatic gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lerner
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | | | - Stav Livne-Luzon
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola de Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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37
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Zhang X, Guo R, Shen R, Landis JB, Jiang Q, Liu F, Wang H, Yao X. The genomic and epigenetic footprint of local adaptation to variable climates in kiwifruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad031. [PMID: 37799629 PMCID: PMC10548413 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
A full understanding of adaptive genetic variation at the genomic level will help address questions of how organisms adapt to diverse climates. Actinidia eriantha is a shade-tolerant species, widely distributed in the southern tropical region of China, occurring in spatially heterogeneous environments. In the present study we combined population genomic, epigenomic, and environmental association analyses to infer population genetic structure and positive selection across a climatic gradient, and to assess genomic offset to climatic change for A. eriantha. The population structure is strongly shaped by geography and influenced by restricted gene flow resulting from isolation by distance due to habitat fragmentation. In total, we identified 102 outlier loci and annotated 455 candidate genes associated with the genomic basis of climate adaptation, which were enriched in functional categories related to development processes and stress response; both temperature and precipitation are important factors driving adaptive variation. In addition to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a total of 27 single-methylation variants (SMVs) had significant correlation with at least one of four climatic variables and 16 SMVs were located in or adjacent to genes, several of which were predicted to be involved in plant response to abiotic or biotic stress. Gradient forest analysis indicated that the central/east populations were predicted to be at higher risk of future population maladaptation under climate change. Our results demonstrate that local climate factors impose strong selection pressures and lead to local adaptation. Such information adds to our understanding of adaptive mechanisms to variable climates revealed by both population genome and epigenome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruinan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jacob B Landis
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- BTI Computational Biology Center, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Quan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hengchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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Torres E, García-Fernández A, Iñigo D, Lara-Romero C, Morente-López J, Prieto-Benítez S, Rubio Teso ML, Iriondo JM. Facilitated Adaptation as A Conservation Tool in the Present Climate Change Context: A Methodological Guide. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1258. [PMID: 36986946 PMCID: PMC10053585 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses a novel threat to biodiversity that urgently requires the development of adequate conservation strategies. Living organisms respond to environmental change by migrating to locations where their ecological niche is preserved or by adapting to the new environment. While the first response has been used to develop, discuss and implement the strategy of assisted migration, facilitated adaptation is only beginning to be considered as a potential approach. Here, we present a review of the conceptual framework for facilitated adaptation, integrating advances and methodologies from different disciplines. Briefly, facilitated adaptation involves a population reinforcement that introduces beneficial alleles to enable the evolutionary adaptation of a focal population to pressing environmental conditions. To this purpose, we propose two methodological approaches. The first one (called pre-existing adaptation approach) is based on using pre-adapted genotypes existing in the focal population, in other populations, or even in closely related species. The second approach (called de novo adaptation approach) aims to generate new pre-adapted genotypes from the diversity present in the species through artificial selection. For each approach, we present a stage-by-stage procedure, with some techniques that can be used for its implementation. The associated risks and difficulties of each approach are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torres
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo García-Fernández
- Grupo de Ecología Evolutiva (ECOEVO), Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Diana Iñigo
- Grupo de Ecología Evolutiva (ECOEVO), Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Carlos Lara-Romero
- Grupo de Ecología Evolutiva (ECOEVO), Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Javier Morente-López
- Grupo de Ecología Evolutiva (ECOEVO), Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación de Ecología y Evolución en Islas, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Samuel Prieto-Benítez
- Grupo de Ecología Evolutiva (ECOEVO), Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Rubio Teso
- Grupo de Ecología Evolutiva (ECOEVO), Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - José M. Iriondo
- Grupo de Ecología Evolutiva (ECOEVO), Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
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McNichol BH, Russo SE. Plant Species' Capacity for Range Shifts at the Habitat and Geographic Scales: A Trade-Off-Based Framework. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1248. [PMID: 36986935 PMCID: PMC10056461 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing rapid shifts in the abiotic and biotic environmental conditions experienced by plant populations, but we lack generalizable frameworks for predicting the consequences for species. These changes may cause individuals to become poorly matched to their environments, potentially inducing shifts in the distributions of populations and altering species' habitat and geographic ranges. We present a trade-off-based framework for understanding and predicting whether plant species may undergo range shifts, based on ecological strategies defined by functional trait variation. We define a species' capacity for undergoing range shifts as the product of its colonization ability and the ability to express a phenotype well-suited to the environment across life stages (phenotype-environment matching), which are both strongly influenced by a species' ecological strategy and unavoidable trade-offs in function. While numerous strategies may be successful in an environment, severe phenotype-environment mismatches result in habitat filtering: propagules reach a site but cannot establish there. Operating within individuals and populations, these processes will affect species' habitat ranges at small scales, and aggregated across populations, will determine whether species track climatic changes and undergo geographic range shifts. This trade-off-based framework can provide a conceptual basis for species distribution models that are generalizable across plant species, aiding in the prediction of shifts in plant species' ranges in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey H. McNichol
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 1101 T Street, 402 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA;
| | - Sabrina E. Russo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 1101 T Street, 402 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA;
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 1901 Vine Street, N300 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA
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40
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Chen SY, Huang CC, Cheng YT, Wang CC, Li CY, Lai IL, Hung KH. Effect of geographic isolation on genetic variation and population structure of Euphrasia nankotaizanensis, a threatened endemic alpine herb in Taiwan. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14228. [PMID: 36938387 PMCID: PMC10018478 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Euphrasia nankotaizanensis (Orobanchaceae) is a rare alpine herb that is endemic to Taiwan. Only four small populations remain in Xue, Nanhu, and Cilai Mountains of Taiwan. The distribution of alpine herbs is severely threatened by climate change, which influences genetic variation and population structure. In this study, we investigated the effects of the natural isolation of alpine habitats on the genetic diversity and geographic structure of populations of E. nankotaizanensis using chloroplast (cp) and nuclear DNA (nrDNA) markers. We found lower levels of genetic diversity in E. nankotaizanensis than in other alpine plants and little to no genetic variation within populations, which could be mainly attributed to the small population size and genetic drift. Only one nrDNA haplotype was present in each population. The lack of monophyly of the four populations in cpDNA probably resulted from lineage sorting or occasional long-distance seed dispersal. Phylogeographic analysis suggested that Nanhu Mountain was probably a refugium over the glacial maxima, agreeing with the potential refugia in central Taiwan. The STRUCTURE and AMOVA analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation in nrDNA among the mountains, which resulted from geographical isolation among these mountains. Estimates of the effective population size (Ne) and demography reflected lower Ne values and a recent population decline, probably implying a greater extinction risk for E. nankotaizanensis. We observed genetic depletion and considerable genetic differentiation among mountain populations, which should be considered in future conservation efforts for this species. In addition, this study provides important insights into the long-term potential of alpine herbs in Taiwan, which are useful for a better prediction of their responses to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Huang
- Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Cheng
- Department of Forestry, Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Wang
- Department of Forestry, Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chiuan-Yu Li
- Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Lai
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Graduate Institute of Bioresources, Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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41
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Hanko GR, Vogel MT, Negrón-Ortiz V, Moore RC. High Prevalence of Clonal Reproduction and Low Genetic Diversity in Scutellaria floridana, a Federally Threatened Florida-Endemic Mint. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:919. [PMID: 36840267 PMCID: PMC9964081 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The threatened mint Florida skullcap (Scutellaria floridana) is endemic to four counties in the Florida panhandle. Because development and habitat modification extirpated several historical occurrences, only 19 remain to date. To inform conservation management and delisting decisions, a comprehensive investigation of the genetic diversity and relatedness, population structure, and clonal diversity was conducted using SNP data generated by ddRAD. Compared with other Lamiaceae, we detected low genetic diversity (HE = 0.125-0.145), low to moderate evidence of inbreeding (FIS = -0.02-0.555), and moderate divergence (FST = 0.05-0.15). We identified eight populations with most of the genetic diversity, which should be protected in situ, and four populations with low genetic diversity and high clonality. Clonal reproduction in our circular plots and in 92% of the sites examined was substantial, with average clonal richness of 0.07 and 0.59, respectively. Scutellaria floridana appears to have experienced a continued decline in the number of extant populations since its listing under the Endangered Species Act; still, the combination of sexual and asexual reproduction may be advantageous for maintaining the viability of extant populations. However, the species will likely require ongoing monitoring, management, and increased public awareness to ensure its survival and effectively conserve its genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vivian Negrón-Ortiz
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
- Florida Ecological Services Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1601 Balboa Ave., Panama City, FL 32405, USA
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Latzel V, Fischer M, Groot M, Gutzat R, Lampei C, Ouborg J, Parepa M, Schmid K, Vergeer P, Zhang Y, Bossdorf O. Parental environmental effects are common and strong, but unpredictable, in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1014-1023. [PMID: 36319609 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypes of plants can be influenced by the environmental conditions experienced by their parents. However, there is still much uncertainty about how common and how predictable such parental environmental effects really are. We carried out a comprehensive experimental test for parental effects, subjecting plants of multiple Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes to 24 different biotic or abiotic stresses, or combinations thereof, and comparing their offspring phenotypes in a common environment. The majority of environmental stresses caused significant parental effects, with -35% to +38% changes in offspring fitness. The expression of parental effects was strongly genotype-dependent, and multiple environmental stresses often acted nonadditively when combined. The direction and magnitude of parental effects were unrelated to the direct effects on the parents: Some environmental stresses did not affect the parents but caused substantial effects on offspring, while for others, the situation was reversed. Our study demonstrates that parental environmental effects are common and often strong in A. thaliana, but they are genotype-dependent, act nonadditively, and are difficult to predict. We should thus be cautious with generalizing from simple studies with single plant genotypes and/or only few individual environmental stresses. A thorough and general understanding of parental effects requires large multifactorial experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Latzel
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maartje Groot
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Gutzat
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lampei
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joop Ouborg
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Madalin Parepa
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Schmid
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philippine Vergeer
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuanye Zhang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Lin N, Liu Q, Landis JB, Rana HK, Li Z, Wang H, Sun H, Deng T. Staying in situ or shifting range under ongoing climate change: A case of an endemic herb in the
Himalaya‐Hengduan
Mountains across elevational gradients. DIVERS DISTRIB 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- College of Life Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Qun Liu
- School of Life Sciences Yunnan Normal University Kunming China
| | - Jacob B. Landis
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
- BTI Computational Biology Center Boyce Thompson Institute Ithaca New York USA
| | - Hum Kala Rana
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Zhimin Li
- School of Life Sciences Yunnan Normal University Kunming China
| | - Hengchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Hang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity of Central Asia Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Tao Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity of Central Asia Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
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Bushey JA, Hoffman AM, Gleason SM, Smith MD, Ocheltree TW. Water limitation reveals local adaptation and plasticity in the drought tolerance strategies of
Bouteloua gracilis. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Bushey
- Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc. Cheyenne Wyoming USA
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Ava M. Hoffman
- Department of Biostatistics Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Seattle Washington USA
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Sean M. Gleason
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Melinda D. Smith
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Troy W. Ocheltree
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Cobo-Simón I, Gómez-Garrido J, Esteve-Codina A, Dabad M, Alioto T, Maloof JN, Méndez-Cea B, Seco JI, Linares JC, Gallego FJ. De novo transcriptome sequencing and gene co-expression reveal a genomic basis for drought sensitivity and evidence of a rapid local adaptation on Atlas cedar ( Cedrus atlantica). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116863. [PMID: 37152146 PMCID: PMC10155838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the adaptive capacity to current climate change of drought-sensitive tree species is mandatory, given their limited prospect of migration and adaptation as long-lived, sessile organisms. Knowledge about the molecular and eco-physiological mechanisms that control drought resilience is thus key, since water shortage appears as one of the main abiotic factors threatening forests ecosystems. However, our current background is scarce, especially in conifers, due to their huge and complex genomes. Methods Here we investigated the eco-physiological and transcriptomic basis of drought response of the climate change-threatened conifer Cedrus atlantica. We studied C. atlantica seedlings from two locations with contrasting drought conditions to investigate a local adaptation. Seedlings were subjected to experimental drought conditions, and were monitored at immediate (24 hours) and extended (20 days) times. In addition, post-drought recovery was investigated, depicting two contrasting responses in both locations (drought resilient and non-resilient). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also studied to characterize the genomic basis of drought resilience and investigate a rapid local adaptation of C. atlantica. Results De novo transcriptome assembly was performed for the first time in this species, providing differences in gene expression between the immediate and extended treatments, as well as among the post-drought recovery phenotypes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed a regulation of stomatal closing and photosynthetic activity during the immediate drought, consistent with an isohydric dynamic. During the extended drought, growth and flavonoid biosynthesis inhibition mechanisms prevailed, probably to increase root-to-shoot ratio and to limit the energy-intensive biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Drought sensitive individuals failed in metabolism and photosynthesis regulation under drought stress, and in limiting secondary metabolite production. Moreover, genomic differences (SNPs) were found between drought resilient and sensitive seedlings, and between the two studied locations, which were mostly related to transposable elements. Discussion This work provides novel insights into the transcriptomic basis of drought response of C. atlantica, a set of candidate genes mechanistically involved in its drought sensitivity and evidence of a rapid local adaptation. Our results may help guide conservation programs for this threatened conifer, contribute to advance drought-resilience research and shed light on trees' adaptive potential to current climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cobo-Simón
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems. University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Genetics Unit. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Irene Cobo-Simón,
| | - Jèssica Gómez-Garrido
- Nacional Center for Genomic Analysis-Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- Nacional Center for Genomic Analysis-Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Dabad
- Nacional Center for Genomic Analysis-Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tyler Alioto
- Nacional Center for Genomic Analysis-Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julin N. Maloof
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Belén Méndez-Cea
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Genetics Unit. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Seco
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems. University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Linares
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems. University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gallego
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Genetics Unit. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Couée I. Interplay of Methodology and Conceptualization in Plant Abiotic Stress Signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2642:3-22. [PMID: 36944870 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3044-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the mechanisms of plant sensitivity and reactivity to physicochemical cues related to abiotic stresses is of utmost importance for understanding plant-environment interactions, adaptations of the sessile lifestyle, and the evolutionary dynamics of plant species and populations. Moreover, plant communities are confronted with an environmental context of global change, involving climate changes, planetary pollutions of soils, waters and atmosphere, and additional anthropogenic changes. The mechanisms through which plants perceive abiotic stress stimuli and transduce stress perception into physiological responses constitute the primary line of interaction between the plant and the environment, and therefore between the plant and global changes. Understanding how plants perceive complex combinations of abiotic stress signals and transduce the resulting information into coordinated responses of abiotic stress tolerance is therefore essential for devising genetic, agricultural, and agroecological strategies that can ensure climate change resilience, global food security, and environmental protection. Discovery and characterization of sensing and signaling mechanisms of plant cells are usually carried out within the general framework of eukaryotic sensing and signal transduction. However, further progress depends on a close relationship between the conceptualization of sensing and signaling processes with adequate methodologies and techniques that encompass biochemical and biophysical approaches, cell biology, molecular biology, and genetics. The integration of subcellular and cellular analyses as well as the integration of in vitro and in vivo analyses are particularly important to evaluate the efficiency of sensing and signaling mechanisms in planta. Major progress has been made in the last 10-20 years with the caveat that cell-specific processes and in vivo processes still remain difficult to analyze and with the additional caveat that the range of plant models under study remains rather limited relatively to plant biodiversity and to the diversity of stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Couée
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO (Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
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Pincheira‐Donoso D, Harvey LP, Johnson JV, Hudson D, Finn C, Goodyear LEB, Guirguis J, Hyland EM, Hodgson DJ. Genome size does not influence extinction risk in the world's amphibians. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilly P. Harvey
- School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK
| | - Jack V. Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Dave Hudson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Catherine Finn
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | | | - Jacinta Guirguis
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Edel M. Hyland
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Dave J. Hodgson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
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Rauschendorfer J, Rooney R, Külheim C. Strategies to mitigate shifts in red oak (Quercus sect. Lobatae) distribution under a changing climate. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2383-2400. [PMID: 35867476 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Red oaks (Quercus sect. Lobatae) are a taxonomic group of hardwood trees, which occur in swamp forests, subtropical chaparral and savannahs from Columbia to Canada. They cover a wide range of ecological niches, and many species are thought to be able to cope with current trends in climate change. Genus Quercus encompasses ca. 500 species, of which ca. 80 make up sect. Lobatae. Species diversity is greatest within the southeastern USA and within the northern and eastern regions of Mexico. This review discusses the weak reproductive barriers between species of red oaks and the effects this has on speciation and niche range. Distribution and diversity have been shaped by drought adaptations common to the species of sect. Lobatae, which enable them to fill various xeric niches across the continent. Drought adaptive traits of this taxonomic group include deciduousness, deep tap roots, ring-porous xylem, regenerative stump sprouting, greater leaf thickness and smaller stomata. The complex interplay between these anatomical and morphological traits has given red oaks features of drought tolerance and avoidance. Here, we discuss physiological and genetic components of these adaptations to address how many species of sect. Lobatae reside within xeric sites and/or sustain normal metabolic function during drought. Although extensive drought adaptation appears to give sect. Lobatae a resilience to climate change, aging tree stands, oak life history traits and the current genetic structures place many red oak species at risk. Furthermore, oak decline, a complex interaction between abiotic and biotic agents, has severe effects on red oaks and is likely to accelerate species decline and fragmentation. We suggest that assisted migration can be used to avoid species fragmentation and increase climate change resilience of sect. Lobatae.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rauschendorfer
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rebecca Rooney
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Carsten Külheim
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Grey KA, Foden WB, Midgley GF. Bioclimatic controls of CO2 assimilation near range limits of the CAM succulent tree Aloidendron dichotomum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7434-7449. [PMID: 36066187 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aloidendron dichotomum appears to be undergoing the early stages of a range shift in response to anthropogenic climate change in south-western Africa. High mortality has been recorded in warmer populations, while population expansions have been recorded in cooler poleward parts of its range. This study aimed to determine the key environmental controls on A. dichotomum photosynthesis in areas of population expansion, to inform the potential attribution of directional population expansion to anthropogenic warming. Nocturnal acid accumulation and CO2 assimilation were measured in individuals growing under a range of temperature and watering treatments in a greenhouse experiment. In addition, nocturnal acid accumulation and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity were quantified in two wild populations at the most southerly and south-easterly range extents. Multiple lines of evidence confirmed that A. dichotomum performs Crassulacean acid metabolism. Total nocturnal acid accumulation was highest at night-time temperatures of ~21.5 °C, regardless of soil water availability, and night-time CO2 assimilation rates increased with leaf temperature, suggesting a causal link to the cool southern range limit. Leaf acidity at the start of the dark period was highly predictive of nocturnal acid accumulation in all individuals, implicating light availability during the day as an important determinant of nocturnal acid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry-Anne Grey
- Global Change Biology Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wendy B Foden
- Global Change Biology Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- South African National Parks, Cape Town, South Africa
- Climate Change Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Guy F Midgley
- Global Change Biology Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Gemal EL, Green TGA, Cary SC, Colesie C. High Resilience and Fast Acclimation Processes Allow the Antarctic Moss Bryum argenteum to Increase Its Carbon Gain in Warmer Growing Conditions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121773. [PMID: 36552282 PMCID: PMC9775354 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Climate warming in Antarctica involves major shifts in plant distribution and productivity. This study aims to unravel the plasticity and acclimation potential of Bryum argenteum var. muticum, a cosmopolitan moss species found in Antarctica. By comparing short-term, closed-top chamber warming experiments which mimic heatwaves, with in situ seasonal physiological rates from Cape Hallett, Northern Victoria Land, we provide insights into the general inherent resilience of this important Antarctic moss and into its adaptability to longer-term threats and stressors associated with climate change. Our findings show that B. argenteum can thermally acclimate to mitigate the effects of increased temperature under both seasonal changes and short-term pulse warming events. Following pulse warming, this species dramatically increased its carbon uptake, measured as net photosynthesis, while reductions in carbon losses, measured as dark respiration, were not observed. Rapid growth of new shoots may have confounded the effects on respiration. These results demonstrate the high physiological plasticity of this species, with acclimation occurring within only 7 days. We show that this Antarctic moss species appears to have a high level of resilience and that fast acclimation processes allow it to potentially benefit from both short-term and long-term climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Gemal
- Global Change Research Institute, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. G. Allan Green
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
- Unidad de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Craig Cary
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Claudia Colesie
- Global Change Research Institute, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
- Correspondence:
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