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Zhu Q, Jia Z, Song Y, Dou W, Scharf DH, Wu X, Xu Z, Guan W. Impact of PpSpi1, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell wall glycoprotein, on cell wall defects of N-glycosylation-engineered Pichia pastoris. mBio 2023; 14:e0061723. [PMID: 37606451 PMCID: PMC10653784 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00617-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Engineering of biological pathways in various microorganisms is a promising direction for biotechnology. Since the existing microbial cells have evolved over a long period of time, any artificial engineering may cause some unexpected and harmful effects on them. Systematically studying and evaluating these engineered strains are very important and necessary. In order to produce therapeutic proteins with human-like N-glycan structures, much progress has been achieved toward the humanization of N-glycosylation pathways in yeasts. The properties of a P. pastoris strain with humanized N-glycosylation machinery were carefully evaluated in this study. Our work has identified a key glycoprotein (PpSpi1) responsible for the poor growth and morphological defects of this glycoengineered strain. Overexpression of PpSpi1 could significantly rescue the growth defect of the glycoengineered P. pastoris and facilitate its future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanchao Zhu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyuan Jia
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Song
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwang Dou
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Henry Scharf
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Science of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Guan
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Narayanan Z, Glick BR. Biotechnologically Engineered Plants. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040601. [PMID: 37106801 PMCID: PMC10135915 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of recombinant DNA technology during the past thirty years has enabled scientists to isolate, characterize, and manipulate a myriad of different animal, bacterial, and plant genes. This has, in turn, led to the commercialization of hundreds of useful products that have significantly improved human health and well-being. Commercially, these products have been mostly produced in bacterial, fungal, or animal cells grown in culture. More recently, scientists have begun to develop a wide range of transgenic plants that produce numerous useful compounds. The perceived advantage of producing foreign compounds in plants is that compared to other methods of producing these compounds, plants seemingly provide a much less expensive means of production. A few plant-produced compounds are already commercially available; however, many more are in the production pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zareen Narayanan
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of STEM, University of Washington, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
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3
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Jugler C, Sun H, Nguyen K, Palt R, Felder M, Steinkellner H, Chen Q. A novel plant-made monoclonal antibody enhances the synergetic potency of an antibody cocktail against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:549-559. [PMID: 36403203 PMCID: PMC9946148 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a novel, neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb), 11D7, discovered by mouse immunization and hybridoma generation, against the parental Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD of SARS-CoV-2. We further developed this mAb into a chimeric human IgG and recombinantly expressed it in plants to produce a mAb with human-like, highly homogenous N-linked glycans that has potential to impart greater potency and safety as a therapeutic. The epitope of 11D7 was mapped by competitive binding with well-characterized mAbs, suggesting that it is a Class 4 RBD-binding mAb that binds to the RBD outside the ACE2 binding site. Of note, 11D7 maintains recognition against the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) RBD, as well neutralizing activity. We also provide evidence that this novel mAb may be useful in providing additional synergy to established antibody cocktails, such as Evusheld™ containing the antibodies tixagevimab and cilgavimab, against the Omicron variant. Taken together, 11D7 is a unique mAb that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 through a mechanism that is not typical among developed therapeutic mAbs and by being produced in ΔXFT Nicotiana benthamiana plants, highlights the potential of plants to be an economic and safety-friendly alternative platform for generating mAbs to address the evolving SARS-CoV-2 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Jugler
- The Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Haiyan Sun
- The Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Katherine Nguyen
- School of Molecular SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Roman Palt
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Qiang Chen
- The Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
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4
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Dent M, Mayer KL, Verjan Garcia N, Guo H, Kajiura H, Fujiyama K, Matoba N. Impact of glycoengineering and antidrug antibodies on the anticancer activity of a plant-made lectin-Fc fusion protein. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:2217-2230. [PMID: 35900183 PMCID: PMC9616523 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are an efficient production platform for manufacturing glycoengineered monoclonal antibodies and antibody-like molecules. Avaren-Fc (AvFc) is a lectin-Fc fusion protein or lectibody produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, which selectively recognizes cancer-associated high-mannose glycans. In this study, we report the generation of a glycovariant of AvFc that is devoid of plant glycans, including the core α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose residues. The successful removal of these glycans was confirmed by glycan analysis using HPLC. This variant, AvFcΔXF , has significantly higher affinity for Fc gamma receptors and induces higher levels of luciferase expression in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) reporter assay against B16F10 murine melanoma cells without inducing apoptosis or inhibiting proliferation. In the B16F10 flank tumour mouse model, we found that systemic administration of AvFcΔXF , but not an aglycosylated AvFc variant lacking affinity for Fc receptors, significantly delayed the growth of tumours, suggesting that Fc-mediated effector functions were integral. AvFcΔXF treatment also significantly reduced lung metastasis of B16F10 upon intravenous challenge whereas a sugar-binding-deficient mutant failed to show efficacy. Lastly, we determined the impact of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) on drug activity in vivo by pretreating animals with AvFcΔXF before implanting tumours. Despite a significant ADA response induced by the pretreatment, we found that the activity of AvFcΔXF was unaffected by the presence of these antibodies. These results demonstrate that glycoengineering is a powerful strategy to enhance AvFc's antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dent
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Katarina L. Mayer
- UofL Health – Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Noel Verjan Garcia
- UofL Health – Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Haixun Guo
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Center for Predictive MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for BiotechnologyOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- UofL Health – Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
- Center for Predictive MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
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5
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Investigation of the N-Glycosylation of the SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Contained in VLPs Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165119. [PMID: 36014368 PMCID: PMC9412417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic in China in late 2019 led to the fast development of efficient therapeutics. Of the major structural proteins encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 genome, the SPIKE (S) protein has attracted considerable research interest because of the central role it plays in virus entry into host cells. Therefore, to date, most immunization strategies aim at inducing neutralizing antibodies against the surface viral S protein. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein is heavily glycosylated with 22 predicted N-glycosylation consensus sites as well as numerous mucin-type O-glycosylation sites. As a consequence, O- and N-glycosylations of this viral protein have received particular attention. Glycans N-linked to the S protein are mainly exposed at the surface and form a shield-masking specific epitope to escape the virus antigenic recognition. In this work, the N-glycosylation status of the S protein within virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) was investigated using a glycoproteomic approach. We show that 20 among the 22 predicted N-glycosylation sites are dominated by complex plant N-glycans and one carries oligomannoses. This suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 S protein produced in N. benthamiana adopts an overall 3D structure similar to that of recombinant homologues produced in mammalian cells.
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6
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Potential for a Plant-Made SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody as a Synergetic Cocktail Component. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050772. [PMID: 35632528 PMCID: PMC9145534 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a public health crisis over the last two years. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutics against the spike (S) protein have been shown to be effective treatments for SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially the original viral strain. However, the current mAbs produced in mammalian cells are expensive and might be unaffordable for many. Furthermore, the emergence of variants of concern demands the development of strategies to prevent mutant escape from mAb treatment. Using a cocktail of mAbs that bind to complementary neutralizing epitopes is one such strategy. In this study, we use Nicotiana benthamiana plants in an effort to expedite the development of efficacious and affordable antibody cocktails against SARS-CoV-2. We show that two mAbs can be highly expressed in plants and are correctly assembled into IgG molecules. Moreover, they retain target epitope recognition and, more importantly, neutralize multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. We also show that one plant-made mAb has neutralizing synergy with other mAbs that we developed in hybridomas. This is the first report of a plant-made mAb to be assessed as a potential component of a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing cocktail. This work may offer a strategy for using plants to quickly develop mAb cocktail-based therapeutics against emerging viral diseases with high efficacy and low costs.
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7
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Zhu Q, Tan J, Liu YG. Molecular farming using transgenic rice endosperm. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1248-1260. [PMID: 35562237 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant expression platforms are low-cost, scalable, safe, and environmentally friendly systems for the production of recombinant proteins and bioactive metabolites. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm is an ideal bioreactor for the production and storage of high-value active substances, including pharmaceutical proteins, oral vaccines, vitamins, and nutraceuticals such as flavonoids and carotenoids. Here, we explore the use of molecular farming from producing medicines to developing functional food crops (biofortification). We review recent progress in producing pharmaceutical proteins and bioactive substances in rice endosperm and compare this platform with other plant expression systems. We describe how rice endosperm could be modified to design metabolic pathways and express and store stable products and discuss the factors restricting the commercialization of transgenic rice products and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiantao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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8
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Pandey VK, Sharma R, Prajapati GK, Mohanta TK, Mishra AK. N-glycosylation, a leading role in viral infection and immunity development. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8109-8120. [PMID: 35364718 PMCID: PMC8974804 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
N-linked protein glycosylation is an essential co-and posttranslational protein modification that occurs in all three domains of life; the assembly of N-glycans follows a complex sequence of events spanning the (Endoplasmic Reticulum) ER and the Golgi apparatus. It has a significant impact on both physicochemical properties and biological functions. It plays a significant role in protein folding and quality control, glycoprotein interaction, signal transduction, viral attachment, and immune response to infection. Glycoengineering of protein employed for improving protein properties and plays a vital role in the production of recombinant glycoproteins and struggles to humanize recombinant therapeutic proteins. It considers an alternative platform for biopharmaceuticals production. Many immune proteins and antibodies are glycosylated. Pathogen’s glycoproteins play vital roles during the infection cycle and their expression of specific oligosaccharides via the N-glycosylation pathway to evade detection by the host immune system. This review focuses on the aspects of N-glycosylation processing, glycoengineering approaches, their role in viral attachment, and immune responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kant Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Netaji Subhas University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rajani Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Niwaranpur, Ranchi, 834002, India.
| | | | | | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea.
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9
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Chen Q. Development of plant-made monoclonal antibodies against viral infections. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 52:148-160. [PMID: 34933212 PMCID: PMC8844144 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Current plant-based systems offer multiple advantages for monoclonal antibody (mAb) development and production beyond the traditional benefits of low cost and high scalability. Novel expression vectors have allowed the production of mAbs at high levels with unprecedented speed to combat current and future pandemics. Host glycoengineering has enabled plants to produce mAbs that have unique mammalian glycoforms with a high degree of homogeneity. These mAb glycovariants exhibit differential binding to various Fc receptors, providing a new way to optimize antibody effector function for improving mAb potency or safety. This review will summarize the status of anti-viral mAb development with plant-based systems. The preclinical and clinical development of leading plant-made mAb candidates will be highlighted. In addition, the remaining challenges and potential applications of this technology will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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10
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Singh AA, Pillay P, Kwezi L, Tsekoa TL. A plant-biotechnology approach for producing highly potent anti-HIV antibodies for antiretroviral therapy consideration. JOURNAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 19:180. [PMID: 34878628 PMCID: PMC8655037 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite a reduction in global HIV prevalence the development of a pipeline of new therapeutics or pre-exposure prophylaxis to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic are of high priority. Antibody-based therapies offer several advantages and have been shown to prevent HIV-infection. Plant-based production is efficient for several biologics, including antibodies. We provide a short review on the work by Singh et al., 2020 who demonstrated the transient production of potent CAP256-VRC26 broadly neutralizing antibodies. These antibodies have engineered posttranslational modifications, namely N-glycosylation in the fragment crystallizable region and O-sulfation of tyrosine residues in the complementary-determining region H3 loop. The glycoengineered Nicotiana benthamiana mutant (ΔXTFT) was used, with glycosylating structures lacking β1,2-xylose and/or α1,3-fucose residues, which is critical for enhanced effector activity. The CAP256-VRC26 antibody lineage targets the first and second variable region of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein. The high potency of this lineage is mediated by a protruding O-sulfated tyrosine in the CDR H3 loop. Nicotiana benthamiana lacks human tyrosyl protein sulfotransferase 1, the enzyme responsible for tyrosine O-sulfation. The transient coexpression of the CAP256-VRC26 antibodies with tyrosyl protein sulfotransferase 1 in planta had restored the efficacy of these antibodies through the incorporation of the O-sulfation modification. This approach demonstrates the strategic incorporation of posttranslational modifications in production systems, which may have not been previously considered. These plant-produced CAP256-VRC26 antibodies have therapeutic as well as topical and systemic pre-exposure prophylaxis potential in enabling the empowerment of young girls and women given that gender inequalities remain a major driver of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Advaita Acarya Singh
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Priyen Pillay
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lusisizwe Kwezi
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Tsepo Lebiletsa Tsekoa
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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Hemmati F, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Karimzade M, Rutkowska D, Eskandari MH, Khanizadeh S, Afsharifar A. Plant-derived VLP: a worthy platform to produce vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 44:45-57. [PMID: 34837582 PMCID: PMC8626723 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After its emergence in late 2019 SARS-CoV-2 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 and has claimed more than 2.8 million lives. There has been a massive global effort to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and the rapid and low cost production of large quantities of vaccine is urgently needed to ensure adequate supply to both developed and developing countries. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are composed of viral antigens that self-assemble into structures that mimic the structure of native viruses but lack the viral genome. Thus they are not only a safer alternative to attenuated or inactivated vaccines but are also able to induce potent cellular and humoral immune responses and can be manufactured recombinantly in expression systems that do not require viral replication. VLPs have successfully been produced in bacteria, yeast, insect and mammalian cell cultures, each production platform with its own advantages and limitations. Plants offer a number of advantages in one production platform, including proper eukaryotic protein modification and assembly, increased safety, low cost, high scalability as well as rapid production speed, a critical factor needed to control outbreaks of potential pandemics. Plant-based VLP-based viral vaccines currently in clinical trials include, amongst others, Hepatitis B virus, Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here we discuss the importance of plants as a next generation expression system for the fast, scalable and low cost production of VLP-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Hemmati
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marziye Karimzade
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daria Rutkowska
- CSIR Next Generation Health, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Mohammad Hadi Eskandari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayyad Khanizadeh
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Afsharifar
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Baldeon-Vaca G, Marathe JG, Politch JA, Mausser E, Pudney J, Doud J, Nador E, Zeitlin L, Pauly M, Moench TR, Brennan M, Whaley KJ, Anderson DJ. Production and characterization of a human antisperm monoclonal antibody against CD52g for topical contraception in women. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103478. [PMID: 34256345 PMCID: PMC8324805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 40% of human pregnancies are unintended, indicating a need for more acceptable effective contraception methods. New antibody production systems make it possible to manufacture reagent-grade human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for clinical use. We used the Nicotiana platform to produce a human antisperm mAb and tested its efficacy for on-demand topical contraception. METHODS Heavy and light chain variable region DNA sequences of a human IgM antisperm antibody derived from an infertile woman were inserted with human IgG1 constant region sequences into an agrobacterium and transfected into Nicotiana benthamiana. The product, an IgG1 mAb ["Human Contraception Antibody" (HCA)], was purified on Protein A columns, and QC was performed using the LabChip GXII Touch protein characterization system and SEC-HPLC. HCA was tested for antigen specificity by immunofluorescence and western blot assays, antisperm activity by sperm agglutination and complement dependent sperm immobilization assays, and safety in a human vaginal tissue (EpiVaginal™) model. FINDINGS HCA was obtained at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 4 mg/ml and consisted of > 90% IgG monomers. The mAb specifically reacted with a glycan epitope on CD52g, a glycoprotein produced in the male reproductive tract and found in abundance on sperm. HCA potently agglutinated sperm under a variety of relevant physiological conditions at concentrations ≥ 6.25 µg/ml, and mediated complement-dependent sperm immobilization at concentrations ≥ 1 µg/ml. HCA and its immune complexes did not induce inflammation in EpiVaginal™ tissue. INTERPRETATION HCA, an IgG1 mAb with potent sperm agglutination and immobilization activity and a good safety profile, is a promising candidate for female contraception. FUNDING This research was supported by grants R01 HD095630 and P50HD096957 from the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Baldeon-Vaca
- Division of Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Jai G Marathe
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St. Rm 516, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Joseph A Politch
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St. Rm 516, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Emilie Mausser
- Division of Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pudney
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St. Rm 516, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - James Doud
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St. Rm 516, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Ellena Nador
- Division of Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 6160 Lusk Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Michael Pauly
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 6160 Lusk Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Thomas R Moench
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 6160 Lusk Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Miles Brennan
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 6160 Lusk Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, United States; ZabBio, Inc. 6160 Lusk Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Kevin J Whaley
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 6160 Lusk Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, United States; ZabBio, Inc. 6160 Lusk Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Deborah J Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St. Rm 516, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
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13
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Boonyayothin W, Sinnung S, Shanmugaraj B, Abe Y, Strasser R, Pavasant P, Phoolcharoen W. Expression and Functional Evaluation of Recombinant Anti-receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand Monoclonal Antibody Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683417. [PMID: 34249053 PMCID: PMC8261044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Denosumab, an anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand antibody (anti-RANKL), is a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) available for the treatment of osteoporosis. In the present study, an anti-RANKL mAb was transiently expressed using the geminiviral expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana, and the functional activity of the plant-produced mAb was determined. The highest expression level of the plant-produced mAb was found at 8 days post-infiltration, and it was estimated to be 0.5 mg/g leaf fresh weight. The recombinant mAb from the plant crude extracts was purified by using Protein A affinity column chromatography. The plant-produced mAb demonstrated good in vitro affinity binding with human RANKL, as determined by RANKL-ELISA binding. The function of the plant-produced mAb was evaluated in vitro. CD14-positive cells isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in vitro in the presence of human RANKL and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to stimulate osteoclastogenesis. The results demonstrated that plant-produced mAb could significantly decrease the number of osteoclasts compared to commercial denosumab. These results demonstrated that the plant-produced mAb has the potential to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and that it could be considered for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanuttha Boonyayothin
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirorut Sinnung
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Balamurugan Shanmugaraj
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yoshito Abe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Waranyoo Phoolcharoen,
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14
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Rosales-Mendoza S, Márquez-Escobar VA, González-Ortega O, Nieto-Gómez R, Arévalo-Villalobos JI. What Does Plant-Based Vaccine Technology Offer to the Fight against COVID-19? Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E183. [PMID: 32295153 PMCID: PMC7349371 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new pathogenic viral strains is a constant threat to global health, with the new coronavirus strain COVID-19 as the latest example. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has quickly spread around the globe. This pandemic demands rapid development of drugs and vaccines. Plant-based vaccines are a technology with proven viability, which have led to promising results for candidates evaluated at the clinical level, meaning this technology could contribute towards the fight against COVID-19. Herein, a perspective in how plant-based vaccines can be developed against COVID-19 is presented. Injectable vaccines could be generated by using transient expression systems, which offer the highest protein yields and are already adopted at the industrial level to produce VLPs-vaccines and other biopharmaceuticals under GMPC-processes. Stably-transformed plants are another option, but this approach requires more time for the development of antigen-producing lines. Nonetheless, this approach offers the possibility of developing oral vaccines in which the plant cell could act as the antigen delivery agent. Therefore, this is the most attractive approach in terms of cost, easy delivery, and mucosal immunity induction. The development of multiepitope, rationally-designed vaccines is also discussed regarding the experience gained in expression of chimeric immunogenic proteins in plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (V.A.M.-E.); (O.G.-O.); (R.N.-G.); (J.I.A.-V.)
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Verónica A. Márquez-Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (V.A.M.-E.); (O.G.-O.); (R.N.-G.); (J.I.A.-V.)
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Omar González-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (V.A.M.-E.); (O.G.-O.); (R.N.-G.); (J.I.A.-V.)
| | - Ricardo Nieto-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (V.A.M.-E.); (O.G.-O.); (R.N.-G.); (J.I.A.-V.)
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Jaime I. Arévalo-Villalobos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (V.A.M.-E.); (O.G.-O.); (R.N.-G.); (J.I.A.-V.)
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
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15
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Singh AA, Pooe O, Kwezi L, Lotter-Stark T, Stoychev SH, Alexandra K, Gerber I, Bhiman JN, Vorster J, Pauly M, Zeitlin L, Whaley K, Mach L, Steinkellner H, Morris L, Tsekoa TL, Chikwamba R. Plant-based production of highly potent anti-HIV antibodies with engineered posttranslational modifications. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6201. [PMID: 32277089 PMCID: PMC7148297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), such as CAP256-VRC26 are being developed for HIV prevention and treatment. These Abs carry a unique but crucial post-translational modification (PTM), namely O-sulfated tyrosine in the heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR) H3 loop. Several studies have demonstrated that plants are suitable hosts for the generation of highly active anti-HIV-1 antibodies with the potential to engineer PTMs. Here we report the expression and characterisation of CAP256-VRC26 bNAbs with posttranslational modifications (PTM). Two variants, CAP256-VRC26 (08 and 09) were expressed in glycoengineered Nicotiana benthamiana plants. By in planta co-expression of tyrosyl protein sulfotransferase 1, we installed O-sulfated tyrosine in CDR H3 of both bNAbs. These exhibited similar structural folding to the mammalian cell produced bNAbs, but non-sulfated versions showed loss of neutralisation breadth and potency. In contrast, tyrosine sulfated versions displayed equivalent neutralising activity to mammalian produced antibodies retaining exceptional potency against some subtype C viruses. Together, the data demonstrate the enormous potential of plant-based systems for multiple posttranslational engineering and production of fully active bNAbs for application in passive immunisation or as an alternative for current HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Advaita Acarya Singh
- Future Production: Chemicals, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ofentse Pooe
- Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lusisizwe Kwezi
- Future Production: Chemicals, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Therese Lotter-Stark
- Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Stoyan H Stoychev
- Future Production: Chemicals, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kabamba Alexandra
- Future Production: Chemicals, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Isak Gerber
- Future Production: Chemicals, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jinal N Bhiman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Juan Vorster
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael Pauly
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Kevin Whaley
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Lukas Mach
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tsepo Lebiletsa Tsekoa
- Future Production: Chemicals, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Rachel Chikwamba
- Future Production: Chemicals, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
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16
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Kytidou K, Artola M, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG. Plant Glycosides and Glycosidases: A Treasure-Trove for Therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:357. [PMID: 32318081 PMCID: PMC7154165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain numerous glycoconjugates that are metabolized by specific glucosyltransferases and hydrolyzed by specific glycosidases, some also catalyzing synthetic transglycosylation reactions. The documented value of plant-derived glycoconjugates to beneficially modulate metabolism is first addressed. Next, focus is given to glycosidases, the central theme of the review. The therapeutic value of plant glycosidases is discussed as well as the present production in plant platforms of therapeutic human glycosidases used in enzyme replacement therapies. The increasing knowledge on glycosidases, including structure and catalytic mechanism, is described. The novel insights have allowed the design of functionalized highly specific suicide inhibitors of glycosidases. These so-called activity-based probes allow unprecedented visualization of glycosidases cross-species. Here, special attention is paid on the use of such probes in plant science that promote the discovery of novel enzymes and the identification of potential therapeutic inhibitors and chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassiani Kytidou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marta Artola
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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17
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Lucas PL, Mathieu-Rivet E, Song PCT, Oltmanns A, Loutelier-Bourhis C, Plasson C, Afonso C, Hippler M, Lerouge P, Mati-Baouche N, Bardor M. Multiple xylosyltransferases heterogeneously xylosylate protein N-linked glycans in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:230-245. [PMID: 31777161 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, little information is available regarding the N-glycosylation pathway in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Recent investigation demonstrated that C. reinhardtii synthesizes linear oligomannosides. Maturation of these oligomannosides results in N-glycans that are partially methylated and carry one or two xylose residues. One xylose residue was demonstrated to be a core β(1,2)-xylose. Recently, N-glycoproteomic analysis performed on glycoproteins secreted by C. reinhardtii demonstrated that the xylosyltransferase A (XTA) was responsible for the addition of the core β(1,2)-xylose. Furthermore, another xylosyltransferase candidate named XTB was suggested to be involved in the xylosylation in C. reinhardtii. In the present study, we focus especially on the characterization of the structures of the xylosylated N-glycans from C. reinhardtii taking advantage of insertional mutants of XTA and XTB, and of the XTA/XTB double-mutant. The combination of mass spectrometry approaches allowed us to identify the major N-glycan structures bearing one or two xylose residues. They confirm that XTA is responsible for the addition of the core β(1,2)-xylose, whereas XTB is involved in the addition of the xylose residue onto the linear branch of the N-glycan as well as in the partial addition of the core β(1,2)-xylose suggesting that this transferase exhibits a low substrate specificity. Analysis of the double-mutant suggests that an additional xylosyltransferase is involved in the xylosylation process in C. reinhardtii. Additional putative candidates have been identified in the C. reinhardtii genome. Altogether, these results pave the way for a better understanding of the C. reinhardtii N-glycosylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Lucas
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Elodie Mathieu-Rivet
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe C T Song
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Plate-Forme de Protéomique PISSARO, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Oltmanns
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Carole Plasson
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, Rouen, France
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Narimane Mati-Baouche
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, SFR NORVEGE, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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18
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Shanmugaraj B, Rattanapisit K, Manopwisedjaroen S, Thitithanyanont A, Phoolcharoen W. Monoclonal Antibodies B38 and H4 Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:589995. [PMID: 33329653 PMCID: PMC7728718 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.589995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by novel zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was initially reported in Wuhan city, Hubei Province of China, in late December 2019. The rapid global spread of the virus calls for the urgent development of vaccines or therapeutics for human applications to combat the coronavirus infection. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been utilized as effective therapeutics for treating various infectious diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of plant expression system for the rapid production of recently identified therapeutically suitable human anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs B38 and H4. Transient co-expression of heavy-chain and light-chain sequences of both the antibodies by using plant expression geminiviral vector resulted in rapid accumulation of assembled mAbs in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves within 4 days post-infiltration. Furthermore, both the mAbs were purified from the plant crude extracts with single-step protein A affinity column chromatography. The expression level of mAb B38 and H4 was estimated to be 4 and 35 μg/g leaf fresh weight, respectively. Both plant-produced mAbs demonstrated specific binding to receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and exhibited efficient virus neutralization activity in vitro. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of functional anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs produced in plants, which demonstrates the ability of using a plant expression system as a suitable platform for the production of effective, safe, and affordable SARS-CoV-2 mAbs to fight against the spread of this highly infectious pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Shanmugaraj
- Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kaewta Rattanapisit
- Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Research Unit for Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Waranyoo Phoolcharoen,
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19
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Tjondro HC, Loke I, Chatterjee S, Thaysen-Andersen M. Human protein paucimannosylation: cues from the eukaryotic kingdoms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:2068-2100. [PMID: 31410980 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paucimannosidic proteins (PMPs) are bioactive glycoproteins carrying truncated α- or β-mannosyl-terminating asparagine (N)-linked glycans widely reported across the eukaryotic domain. Our understanding of human PMPs remains limited, despite findings documenting their existence and association with human disease glycobiology. This review comprehensively surveys the structures, biosynthetic routes and functions of PMPs across the eukaryotic kingdoms with the aim of synthesising an improved understanding on the role of protein paucimannosylation in human health and diseases. Convincing biochemical, glycoanalytical and biological data detail a vast structural heterogeneity and fascinating tissue- and subcellular-specific expression of PMPs within invertebrates and plants, often comprising multi-α1,3/6-fucosylation and β1,2-xylosylation amongst other glycan modifications and non-glycan substitutions e.g. O-methylation. Vertebrates and protists express less-heterogeneous PMPs typically only comprising variable core fucosylation of bi- and trimannosylchitobiose core glycans. In particular, the Manα1,6Manβ1,4GlcNAc(α1,6Fuc)β1,4GlcNAcβAsn glycan (M2F) decorates various human neutrophil proteins reportedly displaying bioactivity and structural integrity demonstrating that they are not degradation products. Less-truncated paucimannosidic glycans (e.g. M3F) are characteristic glycosylation features of proteins expressed by human cancer and stem cells. Concertedly, these observations suggest the involvement of human PMPs in processes related to innate immunity, tumorigenesis and cellular differentiation. The absence of human PMPs in diverse bodily fluids studied under many (patho)physiological conditions suggests extravascular residence and points to localised functions of PMPs in peripheral tissues. Absence of PMPs in Fungi indicates that paucimannosylation is common, but not universally conserved, in eukaryotes. Relative to human PMPs, the expression of PMPs in plants, invertebrates and protists is more tissue-wide and constitutive yet, similar to their human counterparts, PMP expression remains regulated by the physiology of the producing organism and PMPs evidently serve essential functions in development, cell-cell communication and host-pathogen/symbiont interactions. In most PMP-producing organisms, including humans, the N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase isoenzymes and linkage-specific α-mannosidases are glycoside hydrolases critical for generating PMPs via N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnT-I)-dependent and GnT-I-independent truncation pathways. However, the identity and structure of many species-specific PMPs in eukaryotes, their biosynthetic routes, strong tissue- and development-specific expression, and diverse functions are still elusive. Deep exploration of these PMP features involving, for example, the characterisation of endogenous PMP-recognising lectins across a variety of healthy and N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase-deficient human tissue types and identification of microbial adhesins reactive to human PMPs, are amongst the many tasks required for enhanced insight into the glycobiology of human PMPs. In conclusion, the literature supports the notion that PMPs are significant, yet still heavily under-studied biomolecules in human glycobiology that serve essential functions and create structural heterogeneity not dissimilar to other human N-glycoprotein types. Human PMPs should therefore be recognised as bioactive glycoproteins that are distinctly different from the canonical N-glycoprotein classes and which warrant a more dedicated focus in glycobiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Tjondro
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian Loke
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sayantani Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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20
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Komarova TV, Sheshukova EV, Dorokhov YL. Plant-Made Antibodies: Properties and Therapeutic Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:381-395. [PMID: 29231134 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171212093257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cost-effective plant platform for therapeutic monoclonal antibody production is both flexible and scalable. Plant cells have mechanisms for protein synthesis and posttranslational modification, including glycosylation, similar to those in animal cells. However, plants produce less complex and diverse Asn-attached glycans compared to animal cells and contain plant-specific residues. Nevertheless, plant-made antibodies (PMAbs) could be advantageous compared to those produced in animal cells due to the absence of a risk of contamination from nucleic acids or proteins of animal origin. OBJECTIVE In this review, the various platforms of PMAbs production are described, and the widely used transient expression system based on Agrobacterium-mediated delivery of genetic material into plant cells is discussed in detail. RESULTS We examined the features of and approaches to humanizing the Asn-linked glycan of PMAbs. The prospects for PMAbs in the prevention and treatment of human infectious diseases have been illustrated by promising results with PMAbs against human immunodeficiency virus, rotavirus infection, human respiratory syncytial virus, rabies, anthrax and Ebola virus. The pre-clinical and clinical trials of PMAbs against different types of cancer, including lymphoma and breast cancer, are addressed. CONCLUSION PMAb biosafety assessments in patients suggest that it has no side effects, although this does not completely remove concerns about the potential immunogenicity of some plant glycans in humans. Several PMAbs at various developmental stages have been proposed. Promise for the clinical use of PMAbs is aimed at the treatment of viral and bacterial infections as well as in anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Komarova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri L Dorokhov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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21
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Zhang P, Burel C, Plasson C, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Ovide C, Gügi B, Wan C, Teo G, Mak A, Song Z, Driouich A, Lerouge P, Bardor M. Characterization of a GDP-Fucose Transporter and a Fucosyltransferase Involved in the Fucosylation of Glycoproteins in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:610. [PMID: 31164895 PMCID: PMC6536626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although Phaeodactylum tricornutum is gaining importance in plant molecular farming for the production of high-value molecules such as monoclonal antibodies, little is currently known about key cell metabolism occurring in this diatom such as protein glycosylation. For example, incorporation of fucose residues in the glycans N-linked to protein in P. tricornutum is questionable. Indeed, such epitope has previously been found on N-glycans of endogenous glycoproteins in P. tricornutum. Meanwhile, the potential immunogenicity of the α(1,3)-fucose epitope present on plant-derived biopharmaceuticals is still a matter of debate. In this paper, we have studied molecular actors potentially involved in the fucosylation of the glycoproteins in P. tricornutum. Based on sequence similarities, we have identified a putative P. tricornutum GDP-L-fucose transporter and three fucosyltransferase (FuT) candidates. The putative P. tricornutum GDP-L-fucose transporter coding sequence was expressed in the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)-gmt5 mutant lacking its endogenous GDP-L-fucose transporter activity. We show that the P. tricornutum transporter is able to rescue the fucosylation of proteins in this CHO-gmt5 mutant cell line, thus demonstrating the functional activity of the diatom transporter and its appropriate Golgi localization. In addition, we overexpressed one of the three FuT candidates, namely the FuT54599, in P. tricornutum and investigated its localization within Golgi stacks of the diatom. Our findings show that overexpression of the FuT54599 leads to a significant increase of the α(1,3)-fucosylation of the diatom endogenous glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqing Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carole Burel
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Plasson
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Clément Ovide
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Gügi
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Corrine Wan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin Teo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amelia Mak
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiwei Song
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, UNIROUEN, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche Normandie-Végétal – FED 4277, Rouen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (I.U.F.), Paris, France
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22
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Hunter JGL, Wilde S, Tafoya AM, Horsman J, Yousif M, Diamos AG, Roland KL, Mason HS. Evaluation of a toxoid fusion protein vaccine produced in plants to protect poultry against necrotic enteritis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6600. [PMID: 30944775 PMCID: PMC6441560 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotic enteritis (NE) is caused by type A strains of the bacterium Clostridium perfringens. Total global economic losses to the poultry industry due to NE is estimated to be over two billion dollars annually. Traditionally, NE has been effectively controlled by inclusion of antibiotics in the diet of poultry. However, recent concerns regarding the impact of this practice on increasing antibiotic resistance in human pathogens have led us to consider alternative approaches, such as vaccination, for controlling this disease. NE strains of C. perfringens produce two major toxins, a-toxin and NetB. Immune responses against either toxin can provide partial protection against NE. Methods We have developed a fusion protein combining a non-toxic carboxyl-terminal domain of a-toxin (PlcC) and an attenuated, mutant form of NetB (NetB-W262A) for use as a vaccine antigen to immunize poultry against NE. We utilized a DNA sequence that was codon-optimized for Nicotiana benthamiana to enable high levels of expression. The 6-His tagged PlcC-NetB fusion protein was synthesized in N. benthamiana using a geminiviral replicon transient expression system, purified by metal affinity chromatography, and used to immunize broiler birds. Results Immunized birds produced a strong serum IgY response against both the plant produced PlcC-NetB protein and against bacterially produced His-PlcC and His-NetB. Immunized birds were significantly protected against a subsequent in-feed challenge with virulent C. perfringens when treated with the fusion protein. These results indicate that a plant-produced PlcC-NetB toxoid is a promising vaccine candidate for controlling NE in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G L Hunter
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shyra Wilde
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Amanda M Tafoya
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jamie Horsman
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Miranda Yousif
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew G Diamos
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kenneth L Roland
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Hugh S Mason
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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23
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Abstract
Antibodies are immunoglobulins that play essential roles in immune systems. All antibodies are glycoproteins that carry at least one or more conserved N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans) at the Fc domain. Many studies have demonstrated that both the presence and fine structures of the attached glycans can exert a profound impact on the biological functions and therapeutic efficacy of antibodies. However, antibodies usually exist as mixtures of heterogeneous glycoforms that are difficult to separate in pure glycoforms. Recent progress in glycoengineering has provided useful methods that enable production of glycan-defined and site-selectively modified antibodies for functional studies and for improved therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights major approaches in glycoengineering of antibodies with a focus on recent advances in three areas: glycoengineering through glycan biosynthetic pathway manipulation, glycoengineering through in vitro chemoenzymatic glycan remodeling, and glycoengineering of antibodies for site-specific antibody-drug conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - John P Giddens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Tiezheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
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24
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Pereira NA, Chan KF, Lin PC, Song Z. The "less-is-more" in therapeutic antibodies: Afucosylated anti-cancer antibodies with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. MAbs 2019; 10:693-711. [PMID: 29733746 PMCID: PMC6150623 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1466767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are the fastest growing class of biological therapeutics for the treatment of various cancers and inflammatory disorders. In cancer immunotherapy, some IgG1 antibodies rely on the Fc-mediated immune effector function, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), as the major mode of action to deplete tumor cells. It is well-known that this effector function is modulated by the N-linked glycosylation in the Fc region of the antibody. In particular, absence of core fucose on the Fc N-glycan has been shown to increase IgG1 Fc binding affinity to the FcγRIIIa present on immune effector cells such as natural killer cells and lead to enhanced ADCC activity. As such, various strategies have focused on producing afucosylated antibodies to improve therapeutic efficacy. This review discusses the relevance of antibody core fucosylation to ADCC, different strategies to produce afucosylated antibodies, and an update of afucosylated antibody drugs currently undergoing clinical trials as well as those that have been approved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Pereira
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore
| | - Kah Fai Chan
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore
| | - Pao Chun Lin
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore
| | - Zhiwei Song
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore
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25
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Jansing J, Sack M, Augustine SM, Fischer R, Bortesi L. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of six glycosyltransferase genes in Nicotiana benthamiana for the production of recombinant proteins lacking β-1,2-xylose and core α-1,3-fucose. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:350-361. [PMID: 29969180 PMCID: PMC6335070 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants offer fast, flexible and easily scalable alternative platforms for the production of pharmaceutical proteins, but differences between plant and mammalian N-linked glycans, including the presence of β-1,2-xylose and core α-1,3-fucose residues in plants, can affect the activity, potency and immunogenicity of plant-derived proteins. Nicotiana benthamiana is widely used for the transient expression of recombinant proteins so it is desirable to modify the endogenous N-glycosylation machinery to allow the synthesis of complex N-glycans lacking β-1,2-xylose and core α-1,3-fucose. Here, we used multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate N. benthamiana production lines deficient in plant-specific α-1,3-fucosyltransferase and β-1,2-xylosyltransferase activity, reflecting the mutation of six different genes. We confirmed the functional gene knockouts by Sanger sequencing and mass spectrometry-based N-glycan analysis of endogenous proteins and the recombinant monoclonal antibody 2G12. Furthermore, we compared the CD64-binding affinity of 2G12 glycovariants produced in wild-type N. benthamiana, the newly generated FX-KO line, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, confirming that the glyco-engineered antibody performed as well as its CHO-produced counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jansing
- Department for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Markus Sack
- Department for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | | | - Rainer Fischer
- Department for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- Present address:
Indiana Biosciences Research InstituteIndianapolisINUSA
- Present address:
Aachen‐Maastricht Institute for Biobased MaterialsMaastricht UniversityGeleenThe Netherlands
| | - Luisa Bortesi
- Department for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- Present address:
Aachen‐Maastricht Institute for Biobased MaterialsMaastricht UniversityGeleenThe Netherlands
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26
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Castilho A, Beihammer G, Pfeiffer C, Göritzer K, Montero‐Morales L, Vavra U, Maresch D, Grünwald‐Gruber C, Altmann F, Steinkellner H, Strasser R. An oligosaccharyltransferase from Leishmania major increases the N-glycan occupancy on recombinant glycoproteins produced in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1700-1709. [PMID: 29479800 PMCID: PMC6131413 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is critical for recombinant glycoprotein production as it influences the heterogeneity of products and affects their biological function. In most eukaryotes, the oligosaccharyltransferase is the central-protein complex facilitating the N-glycosylation of proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Not all potential N-glycosylation sites are recognized in vivo and the site occupancy can vary in different expression systems, resulting in underglycosylation of recombinant glycoproteins. To overcome this limitation in plants, we expressed LmSTT3D, a single-subunit oligosaccharyltransferase from the protozoan Leishmania major transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana, a well-established production platform for recombinant proteins. A fluorescent protein-tagged LmSTT3D variant was predominately found in the ER and co-located with plant oligosaccharyltransferase subunits. Co-expression of LmSTT3D with immunoglobulins and other recombinant human glycoproteins resulted in a substantially increased N-glycosylation site occupancy on all N-glycosylation sites except those that were already more than 90% occupied. Our results show that the heterologous expression of LmSTT3D is a versatile tool to increase N-glycosylation efficiency in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Castilho
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Gernot Beihammer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Christina Pfeiffer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Kathrin Göritzer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Laura Montero‐Morales
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Ulrike Vavra
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
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27
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Nagashima Y, von Schaewen A, Koiwa H. Function of N-glycosylation in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:70-79. [PMID: 30080642 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein N-glycosylation is one of the major post-translational modifications in eukaryotic cells. In lower unicellular eukaryotes, the known functions of N-glycans are predominantly in protein folding and quality control within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In multicellular organisms, complex N-glycans are important for developmental programs and immune responses. However, little is known about the functions of complex N-glycans in plants. Formed in the Golgi apparatus, plant complex N-glycans have structures distinct from their animal counterparts due to a set of glycosyltransferases unique to plants. Severe basal underglycosylation in the ER lumen induces misfolding of newly synthesized proteins, which elicits the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER protein quality control (ERQC) pathways. The former promotes higher capacity of proper protein folding and the latter degradation of misfolded proteins to clear the ER. Although our knowledge on plant complex N-glycan functions is limited, genetic studies revealed the importance of complex N-glycans in cellulose biosynthesis and growth under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Nagashima
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie & Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Plant molecular farming depends on a diversity of plant systems for production of useful recombinant proteins. These proteins include protein biopolymers, industrial proteins and enzymes, and therapeutic proteins. Plant production systems include microalgae, cells, hairy roots, moss, and whole plants with both stable and transient expression. Production processes involve a narrowing diversity of bioreactors for cell, hairy root, microalgae, and moss cultivation. For whole plants, both field and automated greenhouse cultivation methods are used with products expressed and produced either in leaves or seeds. Many successful expression systems now exist for a variety of different products with a list of increasingly successful commercialized products. This chapter provides an overview and examples of the current state of plant-based production systems for different types of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Bley
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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29
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Glyco-Engineering of Plant-Based Expression Systems. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 175:137-166. [PMID: 30069741 DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most secreted proteins in eukaryotes are glycosylated, and after a number of common biosynthesis steps the glycan structures mature in a species-dependent manner. Therefore, human therapeutic proteins produced in plants often carry plant-like rather than human-like glycans, which can affect protein stability, biological function, and immunogenicity. The glyco-engineering of plant-based expression systems began as a strategy to eliminate plant-like glycans and produce human proteins with authentic or at least compatible glycan structures. The precise replication of human glycans is challenging, owing to the absence of a pathway in plants for the synthesis of sialylated proteins and the necessary precursors, but this can now be achieved by the coordinated expression of multiple human enzymes. Although the research community has focused on the removal of plant glycans and their replacement with human counterparts, the presence of plant glycans on proteins can also provide benefits, such as boosting the immunogenicity of some vaccines, facilitating the interaction between therapeutic proteins and their receptors, and increasing the efficacy of antibody effector functions. Graphical Abstract Typical structures of native mammalian and plant glycans with symbols indicating sugar residues identified by their short form and single-letter codes. Both glycans contain fucose, albeit with different linkages.
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30
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Rup B, Alon S, Amit-Cohen BC, Brill Almon E, Chertkoff R, Tekoah Y, Rudd PM. Immunogenicity of glycans on biotherapeutic drugs produced in plant expression systems-The taliglucerase alfa story. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186211. [PMID: 29088235 PMCID: PMC5663370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are a promising alternative for the production of biotherapeutics. Manufacturing in-planta adds plant specific glycans. To understand immunogenic potential of these glycans, we developed a validated method to detect plant specific glycan antibodies in human serum. Using this assay, low prevalence of pre-existing anti-plant glycan antibodies was found in healthy humans (13.5%) and in glucocerebrosidase-deficient Gaucher disease (GD) patients (5%). A low incidence (9% in naïve patient and none in treatment experienced patients) of induced anti-plant glycan antibodies was observed in GD patients after up to 30 months replacement therapy treatment with taliglucerase alfa, a version of human glucocerebrosidase produced in plant cells. Detailed evaluation of clinical safety and efficacy endpoints indicated that anti-plant glycan antibodies did not affect the safety or efficacy of taliglucerase alfa in patients. This study shows the benefit of using large scale human trials to evaluate the immunogenicity risk of plant derived glycans, and indicates no apparent risk related to anti-plant glycan antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonita Rup
- Bonnie Rup Consulting, LLC, Reading, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sari Alon
- Product Development, Protalix LTD, Carmiel, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Yoram Tekoah
- Research and Development, Protalix LTD, Carmiel, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, AStar, Singapore
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31
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Cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines and anti-inflammatory properties of chitinases from Calotropis procera latex. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:1005-1013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Lalonde ME, Durocher Y. Therapeutic glycoprotein production in mammalian cells. J Biotechnol 2017; 251:128-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Giritch A, Klimyuk V, Gleba Y. 125 years of virology and ascent of biotechnologies based on viral expressio. CYTOL GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452717020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV, Dorokhov YL. Plant factories for the production of monoclonal antibodies. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 81:1118-1135. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Current Developments and Future Prospects for Plant-Made Biopharmaceuticals Against Rabies. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:869-79. [PMID: 26163274 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a prevalent health problem in developing countries. Although vaccines and immunoglobulin treatments are available, their cost and multiple-dose treatments restrict availability. During the last two decades, plants have served as a low-cost platform for biopharmaceuticals production and have been applied to fight against rabies during the last two decades. Herein, I provide a description of the state of the art in the development of plant-made pharmaceuticals against rabies and identify key prospects for the field in terms of novel strategies, immunogen design, and therapeutic antibodies production.
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36
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Yusibov V, Kushnir N, Streatfield SJ. Antibody Production in Plants and Green Algae. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:669-701. [PMID: 26905655 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have a wide range of modern applications, including research, diagnostic, therapeutic, and industrial uses. Market demand for mAbs is high and continues to grow. Although mammalian systems, which currently dominate the biomanufacturing industry, produce effective and safe recombinant mAbs, they have a limited manufacturing capacity and high costs. Bacteria, yeast, and insect cell systems are highly scalable and cost effective but vary in their ability to produce appropriate posttranslationally modified mAbs. Plants and green algae are emerging as promising production platforms because of their time and cost efficiencies, scalability, lack of mammalian pathogens, and eukaryotic posttranslational protein modification machinery. So far, plant- and algae-derived mAbs have been produced predominantly as candidate therapeutics for infectious diseases and cancer. These candidates have been extensively evaluated in animal models, and some have shown efficacy in clinical trials. Here, we review ongoing efforts to advance the production of mAbs in plants and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidadi Yusibov
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware 19711; , ,
| | - Natasha Kushnir
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, Delaware 19711; , ,
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37
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Bonifert G, Folkes L, Gmeiner C, Dachs G, Spadiut O. Recombinant horseradish peroxidase variants for targeted cancer treatment. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1194-203. [PMID: 26990592 PMCID: PMC4924378 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death. Common chemo‐ and radiation‐therapies damage healthy tissue and cause painful side effects. The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been shown to activate the plant hormone indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) to a powerful anticancer agent in in vitro studies, but gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) studies showed ambivalent results. Thus, HRP/IAA in antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) was investigated as an alternative. However, this approach has not been intensively studied, since the enzyme preparation from plant describes an undefined mixture of isoenzymes with a heterogenic glycosylation pattern incompatible with the human system. Here, we describe the recombinant production of the two HRP isoenzymes C1A and A2A in a Pichia pastoris benchmark strain and a glyco‐engineered strain with a knockout of the α‐1,6‐mannosyltransferase (OCH1) responsible for hypermannosylation. We biochemically characterized the enzyme variants, tested them with IAA and applied them on cancer cells. In the absence of H2O2, HRP C1A turned out to be highly active with IAA, independent of its surface glycosylation. Subsequent in vitro cytotoxicity studies with human T24 bladder carcinoma and MDA‐MB‐231 breast carcinoma cells underlined the applicability of recombinant HRP C1A with reduced surface glycoslyation for targeted cancer treatment. Summarizing, this is the first study describing the successful use of recombinantly produced HRP for targeted cancer treatment. Our findings might pave the way for an increased use of the powerful isoenzyme HRP C1A in cancer research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Bonifert
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Folkes
- Department of Oncology Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Northwood, Middlesex, U.K
| | - Christoph Gmeiner
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabi Dachs
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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Rosales-Mendoza S, Salazar-González JA, Decker EL, Reski R. Implications of plant glycans in the development of innovative vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:915-25. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1155987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Salazar-González
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, Mexico
| | - Eva L. Decker
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS – Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
- FRIAS – Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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Sellmeier M, Weinhold B, Münster-Kühnel A. CMP-Sialic Acid Synthetase: The Point of Constriction in the Sialylation Pathway. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 366:139-67. [PMID: 24141690 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sialoglycoconjugates form the outermost layer of animal cells and play a crucial role in cellular communication processes. An essential step in the biosynthesis of sialylated glycoconjugates is the activation of sialic acid to the monophosphate diester CMP-sialic acid. Only the activated sugar is transported into the Golgi apparatus and serves as a substrate for the linkage-specific sialyltransferases. Interference with sugar activation abolishes sialylation and is embryonic lethal in mammals. In this chapter we focus on the enzyme catalyzing the activation of sialic acid, the CMP-sialic acid synthetase (CMAS), and compare the enzymatic properties of CMASs isolated from different species. Information concerning the reaction mechanism and active site architecture is included. Moreover, the unusual nuclear localization of vertebrate CMASs as well as the biotechnological application of bacterial CMAS enzymes is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Sellmeier
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, 30625, Germany
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Daniell H, Streatfield SJ, Rybicki EP. Advances in molecular farming: key technologies, scaled up production and lead targets. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1011-2. [PMID: 26387508 PMCID: PMC4769792 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Tekoah Y, Shulman A, Kizhner T, Ruderfer I, Fux L, Nataf Y, Bartfeld D, Ariel T, Gingis-Velitski S, Hanania U, Shaaltiel Y. Large-scale production of pharmaceutical proteins in plant cell culture-the Protalix experience. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1199-208. [PMID: 26102075 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Protalix Biotherapeutics develops recombinant human proteins and produces them in plant cell culture. Taliglucerase alfa has been the first biotherapeutic expressed in plant cells to be approved by regulatory authorities around the world. Other therapeutic proteins are being developed and are currently at various stages of the pipeline. This review summarizes the major milestones reached by Protalix Biotherapeutics to enable the development of these biotherapeutics, including platform establishment, cell line selection, manufacturing process and good manufacturing practice principles to consider for the process. Examples of the various products currently being developed are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liat Fux
- Protalix Biotherapeutics, Carmiel, Israel
| | | | | | - Tami Ariel
- Protalix Biotherapeutics, Carmiel, Israel
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Kurogochi M, Mori M, Osumi K, Tojino M, Sugawara SI, Takashima S, Hirose Y, Tsukimura W, Mizuno M, Amano J, Matsuda A, Tomita M, Takayanagi A, Shoda SI, Shirai T. Glycoengineered Monoclonal Antibodies with Homogeneous Glycan (M3, G0, G2, and A2) Using a Chemoenzymatic Approach Have Different Affinities for FcγRIIIa and Variable Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Activities. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26200113 PMCID: PMC4511734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many therapeutic antibodies have been developed, and IgG antibodies have been extensively generated in various cell expression systems. IgG antibodies contain N-glycans at the constant region of the heavy chain (Fc domain), and their N-glycosylation patterns differ during various processes or among cell expression systems. The Fc N-glycan can modulate the effector functions of IgG antibodies, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). To control Fc N-glycans, we performed a rearrangement of Fc N-glycans from a heterogeneous N-glycosylation pattern to homogeneous N-glycans using chemoenzymatic approaches with two types of endo-β-N-acetyl glucosaminidases (ENG'ases), one that works as a hydrolase to cleave all heterogeneous N-glycans, another that is used as a glycosynthase to generate homogeneous N-glycans. As starting materials, we used an anti-Her2 antibody produced in transgenic silkworm cocoon, which consists of non-fucosylated pauci-mannose type (Man2-3GlcNAc2), high-mannose type (Man4-9GlcNAc2), and complex type (Man3GlcNAc3-4) N-glycans. As a result of the cleavage of several ENG'ases (endoS, endoM, endoD, endoH, and endoLL), the heterogeneous glycans on antibodies were fully transformed into homogeneous-GlcNAc by a combination of endoS, endoD, and endoLL. Next, the desired N-glycans (M3; Man3GlcNAc1, G0; GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc1, G2; Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc1, A2; NeuAc2Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc1) were transferred from the corresponding oxazolines to the GlcNAc residue on the intact anti-Her2 antibody with an ENG'ase mutant (endoS-D233Q), and the glycoengineered anti-Her2 antibody was obtained. The binding assay of anti-Her2 antibody with homogenous N-glycans with FcγRIIIa-V158 showed that the glycoform influenced the affinity for FcγRIIIa-V158. In addition, the ADCC assay for the glycoengineered anti-Her2 antibody (mAb-M3, mAb-G0, mAb-G2, and mAb-A2) was performed using SKBR-3 and BT-474 as target cells, and revealed that the glycoform influenced ADCC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kurogochi
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Mori
- Laboratory of Glyco-Bioengineering, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Osumi
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Tojino
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu-ichi Sugawara
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shou Takashima
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Hirose
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Tsukimura
- Laboratory of Glyco-Bioengineering, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mizuno
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Amano
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Matsuda
- Laboratory of Glyco-Bioengineering, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tomita
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., 1091-1 Naka, Fujioka-shi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takayanagi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Shoda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirai
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Glyco-Bioengineering, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycans are increasingly important in the development of new biopharmaceuticals with optimized efficacy, half-life, and antigenicity. Current expression platforms for recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics typically do not produce homogeneous glycans and frequently display non-human glycans which may cause unwanted side effects. To circumvent these issues, glyco-engineering has been applied to different expression systems including mammalian cells, insect cells, yeast, and plants. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recent developments in glyco-engineering focusing mainly on in vivo expression systems for recombinant proteins. The highlighted strategies aim at producing glycoproteins with homogeneous N- and O-linked glycans of defined composition. EXPERT OPINION Glyco-engineering of expression platforms is increasingly recognized as an important strategy to improve biopharmaceuticals. A better understanding and control of the factors leading to glycan heterogeneity will allow simplified production of recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics with less variation in terms of glycosylation. Further technological advances will have a major impact on manufacturing processes and may provide a completely new class of glycoprotein therapeutics with customized functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Dicker
- a 1 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- b 2 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology , Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria +43 1 47654 6705 ; +43 1 47654 6392 ;
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Levinson KJ, Giffen SR, Pauly MH, Kim DH, Bohorov O, Bohorova N, Whaley KJ, Zeitlin L, Mantis NJ. Plant-based production of two chimeric monoclonal IgG antibodies directed against immunodominant epitopes of Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol Methods 2015; 422:111-7. [PMID: 25865265 PMCID: PMC4458452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have produced and characterized two chimeric human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies that bind different immunodominant epitopes on Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MAb 2D6 IgG1 recognizes Ogawa O-polysaccharide antigen, while mAb ZAC-3 IgG1 recognizes core/lipid A moiety of Ogawa and Inaba LPS. Both antibodies were expressed using a Nicotiana benthamiana-based rapid antibody-manufacturing platform (RAMP) and evaluated in vitro for activities associated with immunity to V. cholerae, including vibriocidal activity, bacterial agglutination and motility arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara J Levinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Samantha R Giffen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Michael H Pauly
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Do H Kim
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Ognian Bohorov
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Natasha Bohorova
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Kevin J Whaley
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
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Salazar-González JA, Angulo C, Rosales-Mendoza S. Chikungunya virus vaccines: Current strategies and prospects for developing plant-made vaccines. Vaccine 2015; 33:3650-8. [PMID: 26073010 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus is an emerging pathogen initially found in East Africa and currently spread into the Indian Ocean Islands, many regions of South East Asia, and in the Americas. No licensed vaccines against this eminent pathogen are available and thus intensive research in this field is a priority. This review presents the current scenario on the developments of Chikungunya virus vaccines and identifies the use of genetic engineered plants to develop attractive vaccines. The possible avenues to develop plant-made vaccines with distinct antigenic designs and expression modalities are identified and discussed considering current trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Salazar-González
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, SLP, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Grupo de Inmunología y Vacunología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., C.P. 23096 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, SLP, Mexico.
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Yagi H, Fukuzawa N, Tasaka Y, Matsuo K, Zhang Y, Yamaguchi T, Kondo S, Nakazawa S, Hashii N, Kawasaki N, Matsumura T, Kato K. NMR-based structural validation of therapeutic antibody produced in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:959-68. [PMID: 25689888 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We successfully developed a method for metabolic isotope labeling of recombinant proteins produced in transgenic tobacco. This enabled assessment of structural integrity of plant-derived therapeutic antibodies by NMR analysis. A variety of expression vehicles have been developed for the production of promising biologics, including plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, and mammals. Glycoprotein biologics often experience altered folding and post-translational modifications that are typified by variant glycosylation patterns. These differences can dramatically affect their efficacy, as exemplified by therapeutic antibodies. However, it is generally difficult to validate the structural integrity of biologics produced using different expression vehicles. To address this issue, we have developed and applied a stable-isotope-assisted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy method for the conformational characterization of recombinant antibodies produced in plants. Nicotiana benthamiana used as a vehicle for the production of recombinant immunoglobulin G (IgG) was grown in a (15)N-enriched plant growth medium. The Fc fragment derived from the (15)N-labeled antibody thus prepared was subjected to heteronuclear two-dimensional (2D) NMR measurements. This approach enabled assessment of the structural integrity of the plant-derived therapeutic antibodies by comparing their NMR spectral properties with those of an authentic IgG-Fc derived from mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- Faculty and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
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Kang SH, Jung HS, Lee SJ, Park CI, Lim SM, Park H, Kim BS, Na KH, Han GJ, Bae JW, Park HJ, Bang KC, Park BT, Hwang HS, Jung IS, Kim JI, Oh DB, Kim DI, Yagi H, Kato K, Kim DK, Kim HH. Glycan structure and serum half-life of recombinant CTLA4Ig, an immunosuppressive agent, expressed in suspension-cultured rice cells with coexpression of human β1,4-galactosyltransferase and human CTLA4Ig. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:161-72. [PMID: 25971702 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) is an immunosuppressive therapeutic, and recently produced rice cell-derived hCTLA4Ig (hCTLA4Ig(P)) reportedly exhibits in vitro immunosuppressive activities equivalent to those of Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived hCTLA4Ig (hCTLA4Ig(M)). However, limitations of hCTLA4Ig(P) include shortened in vivo half-life as well as the presence of nonhuman N-glycans containing (β1-2)-xylose and α1,3-fucose, which cause immunogenic reactions in humans. In the present study, human β1,4-galactose-extended hCTLA4Ig(P) (hCTLA4Ig(P)-Gal) was expressed through the coexpression of human β1,4-galactosyltransferase (hGalT) and hCTLA4Ig in an attempt to overcome these unfavorable effects. The results indicated that both encoding hGalT and hCTLA4Ig were successfully coexpressed, and the analysis of N-glycan and its relative abundance in purified hCTLA4Ig(P)-Gal indicated that not only were the two glycans containing (β1-4)-galactose newly extended, but also glycans containing both β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose were markedly reduced and high-mannose-type glycans were increased compared to those of hCTLA4Ig(P), respectively. Unlike hCTLA4Ig(P), hCTLA4Ig(P)-Gal was effective as an acceptor via (β1-4)-galactose for in vitro sialylation. Additionally, the serum half-life of intravenously injected hCTLA4Ig(P)-Gal in Sprague-Dawley rats was 1.9 times longer than that of hCTLA4Ig(P), and the clearance pattern of hCTLA4Ig(P)-Gal was close to that for hCTLA4Ig(M). These results indicate that the coexpression with hGalT and hCTLA4Ig(P) is useful for both reducing glycan immunogens and increasing in vivo stability. This is the first report of hCTLA4Ig as an effective therapeutics candidate in glycoengineered rice cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Kang
- Boryung Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1122-3, Shingil-dong, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Kyungki-do, 425-839, Republic of Korea
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Ko K. Expression of recombinant vaccines and antibodies in plants. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2015; 33:192-8. [PMID: 24937251 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2014.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are able to perform post-translational maturations of therapeutic proteins required for their functional biological activity and suitable in vivo pharmacokinetics. Plants can be a low-cost, large-scale production platform of recombinant biopharmaceutical proteins such as vaccines and antibodies. Plants, however, lack mechanisms of processing authentic human N-glycosylation, which imposes a major limitation in their use as an expression system for therapeutic glycoproducts. Efforts have been made to circumvent plant-specific N-glycosylation, as well as to supplement the plant's endogenous system with human glycosyltransferases for non-immunogenic and humanized N-glycan production. Herein we review studies on the potential of plants to serve as production systems for therapeutic and prophylactic biopharmaceuticals. We have especially focused on recombinant vaccines and antibodies and new expression strategies to overcome the existing problems associated with their production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisung Ko
- Department of Medicine, Therapeutic Protein Engineering Lab, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University , Seoul, Korea
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49
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Thomas DR, Walmsley AM. The effect of the unfolded protein response on the production of recombinant proteins in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:179-87. [PMID: 25187294 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are currently produced through a wide variety of host systems, including yeast, E. coli, insect and mammalian cells. One of the most recent systems developed uses plant cells. While considerable advances have been made in the yields and fidelity of plant-made recombinant proteins, many of these gains have arisen from the development of recombinant factors. This includes elements such as highly effective promoters and untranslated regions, deconstructed viral vectors, silencing inhibitors, and improved DNA delivery techniques. However, unlike other host systems, much of the work on recombinant protein production in plants uses wild-type hosts that have not been modified to facilitate recombinant protein expression. As such, there are still endogenous mechanisms functioning to maintain the health of the cell. The result is that these pathways, such as the unfolded protein response, can actively work to reduce recombinant protein production to maintain the integrity of the cell. This review examines how issues arising from the unfolded protein response have been addressed in other systems, and how these methods may be transferable to plant systems. We further identify several areas of host plant biology that present attractive targets for modification to facilitate recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rhys Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia,
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50
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Subcellular Targeting of Proteins Involved in Modification of Plant N- and O-Glycosylation. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1321:249-67. [PMID: 26082228 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2760-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants are attractive expression hosts for the production of recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics. The quality and efficiency of these biopharmaceuticals are very often influenced by the glycosylation profile. Consequently, approaches are needed that enable the production of recombinant glycoproteins with customized and homogenous N- and O-glycan structures. Here, we describe convenient tools that allow targeting and retention of glycan-modifying enzymes in the early secretory pathway of plants. These protocols can be used to fine-tune the subcellular localization of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases in plants and consequently to increase the homogeneity of glycosylation on recombinant glycoproteins.
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